NAME:
THE PREHISTORIC PERIOD
Prehistoric: ______________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
So how do we form a realistic idea about humans at the Dawn of Time?
With information provided by:
1. _________________________: scientists who study the life and customs of past cultures by examining what they have left behind. Usually artifacts such as pottery, tools, stone carvings, graves, ritual objects and architecture.
2. _________________________: Human-made object that is studied to reveal information about past cultures.
3. _________________________: scientific study of the origins and development of human beings through analysis of fossil and skeletal remains.
Scientists use a three age system to divide up human prehistory:
1. ____________________________ (Old Stone Age): 40,000 BCE - 10,000 BCE
2. ____________________________ (Middle Stone Age): 10,000 BCE– 6,000 BCE
3. ____________________________ (New Stone Age): 8,000 BCE – 3,000 BCE
It took a long, long time for humans to evolve into our species of ___________________________
Before us there were other species of hominids such as the _______________________________
PALEOLITHIC ERA
• Neanderthals showed the first stirrings of ________________________.
• They _____________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
• When early humans migrated to open areas, they built structures out of ______________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
• People lived as _______________________, in small hunting and food gathering groups and they developed a spoken language.
PALEOLITHIC ART
Paleolithic Art falls into two main categories:
1. _______________________________________: small figurines or decorated objects carved out of bone, stone, or modeled in clay
VENUS OF WILLENDORF (served as a __________________________)
Location: _____________________________
Time frame: ___________________________
Made out of: __________________________
Height: _______________________________
A _______________________________ has no back and is attached to the surface from which it is carved.
A relief sculpture is meant to be viewed from the _______________, unlike a freestanding sculpture that can be viewed from all sides.
2. _________________________________: In creating symbolic images, they tried to ensure human survival and the reproduction of the animals they needed for food and clothing
Cave Art characteristics:
• Depicted animals __________________________________ and are detailed and realistic
• Animals were always portrayed in __________________________________
• Paint was created by _____________________________________________
• Two famous caves:_____________________ and _____________________
MESOLITHIC ERA
• Occurred at the end of the last ______________________________.
• As the glaciers receded and the climate became more temperate, plant and animal life multiplied.
• With more abundant food sources, Mesolithic hunters & gatherers were able to establish __________________________________ along rivers, shorelines, grasslands & forests. These humans were ______________________________, migrating when the animals did.
• Their huts were light wooden framework covered with ______________________ or sods that were easy to put-up or dismantled & moved to another site.
• More sophisticated bows & flint arrows for hunting & tools such as the stone axe were developed.
• __________ were domesticated for hunting.
• Pottery for cooking & storing food & cloth weaving began in this era.
MESOLITHIC ART
• MESOLITHIC art in contrast was stylized (______________________) with no realistic details
• Single colored and featured human grouping more than animals.
Petroglyphs: _________________________________________________________
Pictographs: _________________________________________________________
NEOLITHIC ERA
• This was a time when people started living in real village communities. Living in __________________
_________________ marks the birth of ________________________.
• They developed __________________, domesticated animals (______________________________), inventing the wheel & the plow & began growing crops (especially grains).
• Thus, settling & food production allowed populations to grow more quickly.
NEOLITHIC ART
STONEHENGE is thought to have been a _______________________________________ and used as an _________________________________________________ to predict solar events like the Summer Solstice and eclipses.
Location: _______________________________
Time Frame: _______________________________
Constuction: _______________________________
Purpose: ___________________________________________________ Megalith: ___________________________________________________
MEGALITH: _______________________________________________________________
Post and Lintel Construction:[pic]
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