Cardiac Auscultation 101 - NC State Veterinary Medicine

2: asynchronous closure of the pulmonic and aortic valves. Associated conditions include heartworm disease or other causes of pulmonary hypertension, pulmonic stenosis, aortic stenosis, and atrial septal defects. Mid-systolic click: high frequency sound in the middle of systole usually associated with early mitral valve disease. ................
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