AP Biology
Chapter 7.1 – 7.3
Asexual (Cellular) Reproduction and The Cell Cycle
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OBJECTIVES
• Describe the events in each of the following phases of the cell cycle: G1, S, G2, and M.
• List the stages of mitosis in proper order. Diagram the stages and give the major events in each stage.
• Describe the structure of the eukaryotic chromosome.
• Explain the difference between a chromatid and a chromosome.
• Explain how prokaryotic chromosomes differ from those of eukaryotes.
• How does cytokinesis differ in plants and animals.
• Understand the role of the cytoskeleton and various organelles in cellular division.
• How does mitosis ensure that each daughter cell has the same genetic makeup as the parent cell.
• Explain cell division in prokaryotes.
• Describe factors that control and regulate cell division.
• Explain characteristics of cancer cells and conditions that may lead to the formation of cancer cells.
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1. What is the purpose of cellular division (name three)?
2. Compare and contrast the structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes.
|Prokaryotic Chromosomes |Eukaryotic Chromosomes |
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3. Describe binary fission. Why is this considered asexual reproduction.
4. Compare and contrast binary fission and mitosis.
|Binary Fission |Mitosis |
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5. List the three phases of interphase and briefly describe what happens during each phase.
|Phase |Description |
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6. A eukaryotic chromosome is composed of more than ________________ protein, the majority of the proteins are called ________________.
7. Define the following terms:
| |Definition |
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|Nucleosome | |
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|Chromatin | |
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|Chromosome | |
Using the following diagram, explain the difference between a chromatid, a chromosome, a centromere, and a kinetochore. Does this figure represent a replicated or non-replicated chromosome?
8. Define the following terms:
| |Definition |
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|Centrioles | |
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|Spindle | |
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|Centrosome | |
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|Spindle | |
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|Metaphase plate | |
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|Cleavage furrow | |
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|Cell plate | |
9. Briefly describe what happens during each phase of Mitosis.
| |Description of Events |
|Prophase | |
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|Prometaphase | |
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|Metaphase | |
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|Anaphase | |
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|Telophase | |
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|Cytokinesis | |
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10. What are the major differences between mitosis in animal and plant cells?
|Animal Cell Mitosis |Plant Cell Mitosis |
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11. Describe the role and components of the cytoskeleton responsible for formation of the cleavage furrow and completing cellular division in animal cells.
12. Describe how a new cell wall is formed during plant cell division. What organelle(s) are involved?
13. In which eukaryotic organisms can mitosis function as a method of reproduction? Is this type of reproduction sexual or asexual? Why?
14. Review alternation of generations. Discuss the role of mitosis in the alternation of generations life cycle.
Control of the Cell Cycle and Cancer (you may need to use the index for some of the terms)
15. What directs the sequential events of the cell cycle?
16. What internal and external cues help regulate the cell cycle?
17. List the various checkpoints that occur in the cell. What is the significance or importance of the checkpoints in the cell cycle?
18. For many cells, what seems to be the most important checkpoint?
19. What happens to the cell if it meets the requirements of this checkpoint?
20. What happens to the cell if it fails to meet the requirements of this checkpoint?
21. Define apoptosis.
22. Describe the series of events that occurs during apoptosis.
23. What proteolytic enzymes are involved in apoptosis?
24. Explain how the opposing processes of apoptosis and mitosis maintain the number of somatic cells at an appropriate level.
25. How are cancer cells different from normal cells?
|Cancer cells |Normal cells |
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26. Describe sources of DNA mutations that may lead to cancer.
27. Define proto-oncogene (oncogen) and tumor suppressor gene. Give an example of each and how mutations in these genes may lead to a carcinogenic event.
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