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Pre-AP Biology 1st Semester Exam Review

Chapter 1

1. Define terms:

a. Hypothesis

b. Law

c. Theory

d. Spontaneous generation

e. Homeostasis

2. Identify dependent and independent variables on a graph.

3. Be able to describe the experiments of the following scientists:

a. Francesco Redi

b. John Needham

c. Lazzaro Spallanzani

d. Louis Pasteur

4. List the characteristics of living things.

Chapter 3

1. Order levels of organization from species to biosphere.

2. Identify autotrophs/producers, heterotrophs/consumers, herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, detritivores, and decomposers in a food web or chain.

3. Differentiate between food webs and food chains.

4. Define trophic level.

5. Label steps in the following biogeochemical cycles:

a. Water cycle

b. Carbon cycle

c. Nitrogen cycle

Chapter 4

1. Identify biotic and abiotic factors.

2. Identify the following community interaction relationships:

a. Predation

b. Symbiosis

c. Mutualism

d. Commensalism

e. Parasitism

3. Identify the distinguishing characteristics of the major biomes:

a. Tropical rain forest

b. Tropical dry forest

c. Tropical savanna

d. Desert

e. Temperate grassland

f. Temperate woodland and shrubland

g. Temperate forest

h. Northwestern coniferous forest

i. Boreal forest

j. Tundra

Chapter 5

1. Define:

a. Population density

b. Immigration

c. Emigration

d. Exponential growth

e. Logistic growth

f. Carrying capacity

2. Differentiate between exponential growth and logistic growth.

3. Identify limiting factors as either density-dependent or density-independent.

Chapter 7

1. List the three parts of the cell theory.

2. What is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

3. Label the parts of an animal cell and a plant cell.

4. Identify the functions of cell organelles:

a. Nucleus

b. Ribosomes

c. Endoplasmic reticulum

d. Golgi apparatus

e. Lysosomes

f. Vacuoles

g. Mitochondria

h. Chloroplasts

5. What do mitochondria and chloroplasts have in common?

6. Describe the makeup of the cell membrane.

7. What is the function of the cell membrane?

8. Define:

a. Diffusion

b. Osmosis

c. Hypertonic solution

d. Hypotonic solution

e. Isotonic solution

f. Facilitated diffusion

g. Active transport

h. Endocytosis

i. Exocytosis

j. Phagocytosis

k. Pinocytosis

9. Order levels of organization in multicellular organisms from cells to organism.

Chapter 8

1. Identify the contributions of the following scientists to the discovery of photosynthesis:

a. Jan van Helmont

b. Joseph Priestley

c. Jan Ingenhousz

d. Melvin Calvin

2. Write a balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis:

a. Identify products.

b. Identify reactants.

3. What is the principal pigment involved in photosynthesis?

4. What color of light produces the least amount of photosynthesis? Why?

5. Where does photosynthesis occur?

6. Label the parts of a chloroplast.

a. What part of photosynthesis takes place in the stroma?

b. What part takes place in the thylakoid membranes?

7. What are the electron carrier moleculess in photosynthesis?

8. What are the products of the light-dependent reactions?

9. What are the products of the light-independent reactions?

10. What is another name for the light-independent reactions?

11. What are some factors that can affect the rate of photosynthesis?

Chapter 9

1. KNOW the overview diagram of cellular respiration on p.222 of your textbook:

a. Glycolysis occurs in the ________________.

b. The Krebs Cycle and electron transport chains occur in the ______________.

2. Write a balanced chemical equation for cellular respiration.

3. What is the role of glycloysis in cellular respiration?

4. Define aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

5. Describe the two types of anaerobic respiration.

6. What happens to pyruvic acid in the absence of oxygen?

7. In the presence of oxygen, pyruvic acid enters the _______________________, where it is produces, through a seris of steps, ___________ ATP’s.

8. The majority of ATP molecules are produced in the ___________________________.

9. How many ATP molecules are produced in the electron transport chain?

10. Examine the chart on p.232 of your textbook for a good comparison of photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

11. What types of cells (plant or animal) carry out:

a. Photosynthesis?

b. Cellular respiration?

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