AP Biology



Name _________________________

Chapter 5 : Membranes GR

1. What does selective permeability mean and why is that important to cells?

2. What is an amphipathic molecule?

3. How is the fluidity of cell membrane maintained?

4. Briefly discuss Frye and Edidin’s experiment on membrane protein movement.

5. What role does cholesterol play in the cell membrane?

6. Label the diagram below – for each structure – briefly list it’s function:

[pic]

7. Discuss the six functions of membrane proteins.

a. Transport

b. Enzymatic activity

c. Attachment to the cytoskeleton & EMC

d. Cell-cell recognition

e. Intercellular joining

f. Signal transduction

8. How do glycolipids and glycoproteins aid in cell-cell recognition?

9. Why is membrane sidedness an important concept in cell biology?

Section 5.2

10. How has our understanding of membrane permeability changed since the discovery of aquaporins?

Section 5.3

11. What is diffusion and how does a concentration gradient relate to passive transport?

12. Why is free water concentration the “driving” force in osmosis?

13. From the diagram below, explain why the net movement of water is in the direction of the arrows shown.

[pic]

14. Why is water balance different for cells that have walls as compared to cells without walls?

15. Define:

a. Tonicity

b. Isotonic

c. Hypertonic

d. Hypotonic

16. Label the diagram below:

[pic]

17. Explain what osmoregulation is and the necessity of it in Protists.

18. What is turgor pressure in plants and how does it aid in their survival?

19. What is the relationship between ion channels, gated channels and facilitated diffusion?

Section 5.4

20. How is ATP specifically used in active transport?

21. Label the diagram below illustrating the sodium-potassium pump, indicating what is occurring at each step.

[pic]

22. As a summary of transport, label the diagrams below

[pic]

23. Due to the movement of the K+ and the Na+ ions across a membrane, what is the net charge of the cytoplasmic side of the membrane?

24. What will occur due to the membrane potential across a membrane?

25. Define and contrast the following terms:

a. membrane potential

b. electrochemical gradient

c. electrogenic pump

d. proton pump.

26. What is cotransport and why is an advantage in living systems?

27. Label the diagram below illustrating the cotransport of protons (H+) and Sucrose molecules

[pic]

28. How will our knowledge of cotransport solve the age-old problem of diarrhea?

Section 5.5

29. Why is bulk transport necessary in cells?

30. Discuss exocytosis and endocytosis.

31. What is the difference between pinocytosis and phagocytosis?

32. Discuss the cause of familial hypocholesterolemia and how receptor-mediated endocytosis plays into it.

33. Label each of the electron micrographs of bulk transport shown below

[pic] [pic] [pic]

5.6: Cell Signaling

34. How do plant and animal cells send signals to adjacent cells?

35. Discuss how growth factors are grouped into local regulators

36. Briefly discuss synaptic signaling in the animal nervous system as a local regulator.

37. What do animal and plants use for long distance signaling? Give an example for a plant & then animal.

38. What does epinephrine do as an animal hormone?

39. Discuss the 3 steps of cell-to-cell signaling as defined by Sutherland’s research.

40. Label the diagram below to support #39. This was one of 2013’s FRQ’s!!

[pic]

41. How are ligands like a specific radio wave frequency?

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