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AP Biology Review 2020Below is what the AP people say could be on the test from Unit 1. They give a more detailed breakdown. I have added to that and composed questions for review. Unit 1: BiomoleculesDIRECTIONS: Questions 1 – 13: Do these individually using notes and the Google. For 14 and beyond, you may discuss those as a group. The main note resource will be the Biomolecules packet and some from Cell Transport.Questions:Explain why water is polar in terms of electronegativity, geometry, and charge. Explain how the polarity of water determines the unique properties of water. List and explain the properties of water and how each is significant to water’s role in making life possible. Include examples at the molecular, cellular, and organismal level. Make a chart of the four major classes of biomolecules and include: elemental constituents, main functions, examples of a molecule that provides that function, typical cell locations (example cellulose is found in the cell walls of plants) Describe the processes of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis and their roles in the formation and break down of polymers. Draw it out (as in pictures, don’t make it super long ”Mr. Irvin really draws out those lectures. I thought I was going to be able to draw on Social Security before he was done.”)Nucleic acids have ends, defined by the 3' and 5' carbons of the sugar in the nucleotide, that determine the direction in which complementary nucleotides are added during DNA synthesis and the direction in which transcription occurs (from 5' to 3'). Why is the directionality of nucleic acids important? What is the structure of a DNA nucleotide? Illustrate it (or find a nice on-line picture). How does this differ from RNA? How does the overall structure of DNA differ from a normal mRNA strand? Proteins have an amino (NH2) end and a carboxyl (COOH) end, and consist of a linear sequence of amino acids connected by the formation of peptide bonds by dehydration synthesis between the amino and carboxyl groups of adjacent monomers.What is the structure of an amino acid? How (and where) do amino acids differ from one another? How do these differences affect the chemical nature of the amino acid. What are four levels of protein structure? Describe each.How does the structure of the amino acids in the polypeptide chain affect the four levels of the protein structure? What could happen if the amino acids in the sequence are changed? How could this affect the function of the protein? How do things like salt, pH, and temperature affect protein structure? How do the monomeric constituents of starch and cellulose differ? How, when magnified through thousands of monomers in the polymer, does this affect the structure and function of the macromolecules in their roles in plants? What is the basic composition of a lipid? How does the amount of hydrogen differ and why? How does this affect the physical properties of the lipids?How does a phospholipid differ from a regular unsaturated fat molecule? What does this change do to the natural properties of the phospholipid? (Looking for two very specific terms here) How does this affect the formation and permeability of the cellular membrane? GROUP QUESTIONS: How does the chemical nature of cellulose relate to the properties of water? Why is the hydrophilic nature of starch important to seed germination? How is the hydrolysis important to seed gemination? How would cellular communication be different if the cell membrane were completely hydrophobic? How does the location of hydrophilic and hydrophobic amino acids in a protein affect the way that it is organized inside of the cell membrane?Why is DNA a better candidate for the molecule of heredity than RNA given that RNA has the ability to self-replicate? ................
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