AP CHEMISTRY - Scarsdale Public Schools



AT CHEMISTRY

Szkolar/Levine

MOLECULAR ARCHITECTURE

BUILDING MOLECULAR MODELS

In this lab investigation you will build models of a variety of molecules based on their Lewis structures taking into consideration VSEPR theory and orbital hybridization. In order to determine which "atoms" to use in constructing your models, you must first draw the Lewis structure (on a separate sheet of paper) and then determine the hybridization of the central atom. Based on the hybridization, choose the appropriatete atom (color). If there are two or more nonequivalent Lewis structures, determine the best one using formal charge.

Work in pair. The inside of your model kit contains a parts code including the hybridization(s) possible. Use appropriate model bond color in connecting atoms. The beige plastic plates represent nonbonding (lone) pairs.

Once you have determined the correct Lewis structure and built the model, draw its Lewis structure on the lab sheet.

Atom color use angle

H white sp

Be grey sp 180o

S yellow sp2, sp3 120o, 109.5o

S black sp2 120o

C black sp3 109.5o

C black sp2 120o

P black dsp3 90o, 120o

S yellow sp3 109.5o

S grey sp3, d2sp3 109.5o, 90o

etc.

bonds

single white or green linerar pegs

double curved blue

triple curved blue

lone (nonbonding pairs): blue or green playes

note:

• The number of electron pairs referes to the number of effective electron pairs around the central atom.

• ( bonds and ( bonds refer to the total number of each in the entire molecule.

• Electron pair geometry refers only to the electron pair geometry based only on the number of effective pairs around the central atom (without considering bonding and nonbonding pairs)/

• Molecular geometry refers to the geometry of the actual molecule taking into account bonding and nonbonding pairs.

• For thjose molecules that can be represented by more than one structure, draw the best one vbased on formal charge.

MOLECULAR ARCHITECTURE

BUILDING MOLECULAR MODELS

Name___________________

1. Chemical Formula: BeCl2 CENTRAL ATOM EFFECTIVE PAIRS

Number of electron pairs:

Bonding pairs: Nonbonding pairs:

Electron Pair geometry:

Lewis Structure: Molecular Geometry:

Hybridization of central atom:

Bond angles:

Polarity: ( bonds: ( bonds:

2. Chemical Formula: SO3 Number of electron pairs:

Bonding pairs: Nonbonding pairs:

Lewis Structure: Electron pair geometry:

Molecular Geometry:

Hybridization of central atom:

Bond angles:

Polarity: ( bonds: ( bonds:

3. Chemical Formula: SO2 Number of electron pairs:

Lewis Structure: Bonding pairs: Nonbonding pairs:

Electron pair geometry:

Molecular Geometry:

Hybridization of central atom:

Bond angles:

Polarity: ( bonds: ( bonds:

4. Chemical Formula: SO32- (draw best structure based on formal charge)

Lewis Structure: Number of electron pairs:

Bonding pairs: Nonbonding pairs:

Electron pair geometry:

Molecular Geometry:

Hybridization of central atom:

Bond angles:

Polarity: ( bonds: ( bonds:

5. Chemical Formula: CH4 Number of electron pairs:

Bonding pairs: Nonbonding pairs:

Lewis Structure:

Electron pair geometry:

Molecular Geometry:

Hybridization of central atom:

Bond angles:

Polarity: ( bonds: ( bonds:

6. Chemical Formula: H2O Number of electron pairs:

Bonding pairs: Nonbonding pairs:

Lewis Structure: Electron pair geometry:

Molecular Geometry:

Hybridization of central atom:

Bond angles:

Polarity: ( bonds: ( bonds:

7. Chemical Formula: O3 Number of electron pairs (around central O):

Bonding pairs: Nonbonding pairs:

Lewis Structure:

Electron pair geometry:

Molecular Geometry:

Hybridization of central atom:

Bond angles:

Polarity: ( bonds: ( bonds:

8. Chemical Formula: H2O2 (HOOH) Number of electron pairs around one of the O’s:

Lewis Structure:

Bonding pairs: Nonbonding pairs:

Electron pair geometry:

Molecular Geometry:

Hybridization of O atom:

Bond angles:

Polarity: ( bonds: ( bonds:

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9. Chemical Formula: PCl5 Number of electron pairs:

Lewis Structure: Bonding pairs: Nonbonding pairs:

Electron pair geometry:

Molecular Geometry:

Hybridization of central atom:

Bond angles:

Polarity: ( bonds: ( bonds:

10. Chemical Formula: SF4 Number of electron pairs:

Lewis Structure: Bonding pairs: Nonbonding pairs:

Electron pair geometry:

Molecular Geometry:

Hybridization of central atom:

Bond angles:

Polarity: ( bonds: ( bonds:

______________________________________________________________________________

11. Chemical Formula: ClF3 Number of electron pairs:

Lewis Structure: Bonding pairs: Nonbonding pairs:

Electron pair geometry:

Molecular Geometry:

Hybridization of central atom:

Bond angles:

Polarity: ( bonds: ( bonds:

______________________________________________________________________________

12. Chemical Formula: XeF2 Number of electron pairs:

Bonding pairs: Nonbonding pairs:

Lewis Structure: Electron pair geometry:

Molecular Geometry:

Hybridization of central atom:

Bond angles:

Polarity: ( bonds: ( bonds:

13. Chemical Formula: BrF5 Number of electron pairs:

Lewis Structure: Bonding pairs: Nonbonding pairs:

Electron pair geometry:

Molecular Geometry:

Hybridization of central atom:

Bond angles:

Polarity: ( bonds: ( bonds:

______________________________________________________________________________

14. Chemical Formula: I3- Number of electron pairs:

Bonding pairs: Nonbonding pairs:

Lewis Structure:

Electron pair geometry:

Molecular Geometry:

Hybridization of central atom:

Bond angles:

Polarity: ( bonds: ( bonds:

______________________________________________________________________________

15. Chemical Formula: HNO2 (acid) note: the H is bonded to an O in oxyacids

Lewis Structure: Number of electron pairs (ONO):

Bonding pairs: Nonbonding pairs:

Electron pair geometry:

Molecular Geometry:

Hybridization of N atom:

Bond angles:

Number of electron pairs (NOH):

Bonding pairs: Nonbonding pairs:

Electron pair geometry:

Molecular Geometry:

Hybridization of O atom:

Bond angles:

Overall polarity:

( bonds: ( bonds:

16. Chemical Formula: CH3COCH3 Number of electron pairs:

Lewis Structure: Bonding pairs: Nonbonding pairs:

Electron pair geometry:

Molecular Geometry:

Hybridization of central atom:

Bond angles:

Overall polarity:

( bonds: ( bonds:

COMPLEX IONS (the anion is bonded to the cation via single bonds)

17. Chemical Formula: Fe(CN)63- Number of electron pairs:

(C of CN bonded to Fe)

Lewis Structure: Bonding pairs: Nonbonding pairs:

Electron pair geometry:

Molecular Geometry:

Hybridization of central atom:

Bond angles:

Polarity: ( bonds: ( bonds:

ion name:

18. Chemical Formula: CuCl42- Number of electron pairs:

Bonding pairs: Nonbonding pairs:

Lewis Structure:

Electron air geometry:

Molecular Geometry:

Hybridization of central atom:

Bond angles:

Polarity: ( bonds: ( bonds:

ion name:

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