AP U.S. History Study Guides
AP U.S. History !
Study Guides
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Developed by!
James L. Smith
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Table of Contents!
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Seven Themes in U.S. History !.............................................................ii!
Analytical and Historical Thinking Skills!...............................................iii!
Understanding the Time Periods!..........................................................vi!
Period 1: 1491-1607!.............................................................................1!
Period 2: 1607-1754!.............................................................................7!
Period 3: 1754-1800!...........................................................................15!
Period 4: 1800-1848!...........................................................................25!
Period 5: 1844-1877!...........................................................................37!
Period 6: 1865-1898!...........................................................................47!
Period 7: 1890-1945!...........................................................................59!
Period 8: 1945-1980!...........................................................................73!
Period 9: 1980 to the Present!.............................................................91!
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Seven Themes in U.S. History1 !
The seven themes listed below identify the essential content of the AP U.S. history course. Each theme
contains Big Picture Questions, in which the answer to each question is open to interpretation. Every
question on the AP exam will come from these seven themes and their Big Picture Questions.!
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1. Identity (ID)!
a. In what ways and to what extent have debates over national identity changed over time?!
b. In what ways and to what extent have gender, class, ethnic, religious, regional, and other group
identities changed in different historical eras?!
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2. Work, Exchange, and Technology (WXT)!
a. In what ways and to what extent have changes in markets, transportation, and technology
affected American society?!
b. In what ways and to what extent have different systems of labor developed over time?!
c. In what ways and to what extent have debates over economic values and the role of government
in the U.S. economy affected politics, society, the economy, and the environment?!
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3. Peopling (PEO)!
a. To what extent and why have people have migrated to, from, and within North America?!
b. In what ways and to what extent have changes in migration and population patterns affected
American life?!
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4. Politics and Power (POL)!
a. In what ways and to what extent did different political and social groups compete for influence
over society and government in colonial North America and the United States?!
b. In what ways and to what extent have Americans agreed on or argued over the values that guide
the political system, as well as who is a part of the political process?!
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5. America in the World (WOR)!
a. In what ways and to what extent have events in North America and the United States correlated
with contemporary events in the rest of the world?!
b. In what ways and to what extent have military, diplomatic, and economic concerns influenced
U.S. involvement in international affairs and foreign conflicts, both in North America and
overseas?!
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6. Environment and Geography C Physical and Human (ENV)!
a. In what ways and to what extent have interactions with the natural environment shaped the
institutions and values of various groups living in North America from prior to European contact
through the Civil War?!
b. In what ways and to what extent have economic and demographic changes affected the
environment and led to debates over use and control of the environment and natural resources?!
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7. Ideas, Beliefs, and Culture (CUL)!
a. In what ways and to what extent did moral, philosophical, and cultural values affect the creation of
the United States?!
b. In what ways and to what extent have changes in moral, philosophical, and cultural values
affected U.S. history?!
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1
AP? United States History Curriculum Framework
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Historical Thinking Skills!
AP U.S. History requires students to thinking analytically and historically. Students must be able
to demonstrate these thinking skills in writing. Students must also be able to make use of these
skills when answering multiple choice questions.!
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What is Analytical Thinking?!
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Making an assertion. !
An assertion is not necessarily an opinion. An assertion is a conclusion that you have
reached after examining all available evidence. Additional evidence might lead you to
change your conclusion. !
Defending an assertion with specific, accurate, and relevant information.!
Anticipating and destroying counterarguments.!
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What is Historical Thinking?2!
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Skill Type
Historical Thinking Skill
I. Chronological Reasoning
1. Historical Causation!
2. Patterns of Continuity and Change
over Time!
3. Periodization
II. Comparison and Contextualization
4. Comparison!
5. Contextualization
III. Crafting Historical Arguments from
Historical Evidence
6. Historical Argumentation!
7. Appropriate Use of Relevant
Historical Evidence
IV. Historical Interpretation and Synthesis
8. Interpretation!
9. Synthesis
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AP? United States History Curriculum Framework
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