Source: Charlie Smith, - Naava Smolash, PhD
1099 – Introducing and blending sources Frame Every Quote Since quotations do not speak for themselves, you need to build a frame around them in which you do that speaking for them. You need to make a ‘quotation sandwich’ *Introduction-quotation-explanation]. Introduce the quotation by explaining who is speaking and setting up why the quotation matters. Use signal verbs to indicate how you are using the source (e.g. to support a claim? To agree or disagree?). See list of signal verbs below. Clearly indicate who said what. Sometimes your sources may source other writers; in that case, you need to clearly indicate what information or opinion comes from the original source, what part is the writer’s response, and what part is your own addition. Always include a parenthetical citation at the end of your sourced information, whether you source directly (citation) or indirectly (summary and paraphrase).Templates For introducing quotations [The () represents the placement of your in-text citation.] APA (social sciences)??X (year) stated, “_________” (author p. #). ??As the prominent researcher/scholar X (year) put it, “_____” (p. #). ??According to X (year), “_____” (p. #). ??X (year) himself wrote, “_______” (p. #). ??In her book, _____, X (year) maintained that “_________” (p. #). MLA (arts and humanities)??In X’s view, “________” (author page#). ??X agrees when she writes, “______” (author page#). ??X disagrees when he writes, “_________” (author page#). ??X complicates matters further when she writes, “___________” (author page#). Templates For explaining quotations ??Basically, X is saying ______. ??In other words, X believes _____. ??In making this comment, X argues that ________. ??X is insisting that _______. ??X’s point is that _______. ??The essence of X’s argument is that _________. DO NOT introduce quotations by saying something like “X asserts an idea that” or “A quote by X says.” Introductory phrases like these are both redundant and misleading.Short Writing exercise: introducing and blending sources Use signal verbs and phrases to introduce the sources below while showing agreement or disagreement. For shorter quotes, use the full quote. For longer excerpts, you can pull out part of the article to quote, or you can summarize. Always add both cueing phrase and citation. Remember to check whether you need primary or secondary source attribution:- A source published for the first time in the article can be attributed to the speaker in the cueing phrase, and the article author in the citation. - A source already published elsewhere (such as a book quoted or summarized in an article) needs secondary sourcing in the cueing phrase and the citation. 1. Cite to agree Source: Henry Ford page 92 “Whether you think you can, or you think you can't--you're right.” 2. Cite to disagreeSource: Meryl Streep page 60“We are the choices we make.” 3. Cite to agree (you can use a short quote from the excerpt below, or summarize)Source: Travis Lupick, “Canadian government offers tips for safer drug use as we head into the summer music festival season” The Georgia Straight, With summer comes an annual slew of music festivals. People take drugs at those events, often mixing them with alcohol and not enough water. And now, with the dangerous synthetic-opioid fentanyl associated with a?growing number of fatal overdoses?across Canada, the federal government is asking partygoers to exercise caution."While celebrating, it is important to keep safety in mind, especially if you or someone you know chooses to use drugs or alcohol," reads the first of [two media] releases from Health Canada. 4. Cite to disagreeSource: Eric Klinenberg. “Social Media is Not Social Infrastructure, and No One Knows That More Than Facebook” The Globe and Mail. media, for all their powers, cannot give us what we get from churches, unions, athletic clubs and welfare states. They are neither a safety net nor a gathering place.5. Cite to AgreeSource: Charlie Smith, “Gabor Maté Shows We're Wired for Addiction,” The Georgia Straight week, the?Straight?published an excerpt from Maté's stunning new book,?In the Realm of Hungry Ghosts: Close Encounters With Addiction?(Knopf Canada, $34.95), a wide-ranging examination of the lives of addicts, the neurobiology of addiction, the war on drugs, and strategies for harm reduction and healing. He believes that most intravenous-drug addicts experienced either extreme neglect or hard-core physical or sexual abuse in their childhoods.Maté's central thesis is that addiction is occurring on a massive scale in western society because so many people have an inner emptiness caused by societal dislocation, including the destruction of traditional relationships within families and communities, and a lack of proper attunement in infancy. By "attunement", he means a parent literally being "in tune" with the child's emotional states, and being present in a way that ensures the infant feels understood, accepted, and mirrored."Attunement is the real language of love, the conduit by which the pre-verbal child can realize that she is loved," he writes in the book.sources and for more information: ................
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