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The BrainMultiple Choice:Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.The major link between the brain and the glandular system is thehypothalamus.S.midbrain.__________ is closely related to grammar and pronunciation.AphasiaBroca's areaWernicke's areaAgnosiaDamage to the cerebellum would most likely result inheart stoppage or respiratory failure.a loss of hearing ability.a loss of muscular coordination.a reduction in emotional response.The endocrine systemis the only communications network in the body.depends on electrical messages for communication.secretes hormones into the blood stream for communication.secretes hormones into the exocrine ducts for communication.An elderly acquaintance of yours has suffered from partial blindness since she had a stroke. Apparently the stroke damaged heroccipital lobe.parietal lobe.temporal lobes.reticular formation.The pons acts as a bridge between the medulla and other brain areas and influencesactivity.sleep and arousal.motor behavior.higher reasoning.You are walking through a bad part of town, down a dark alley, and carrying a large amount of cash. Behind you, you hear a door open and close suddenly, and you immediately dive into the nearest trash container. The part of the forebrain mainly responsible for your reaction is thehippocampus.medulla.cerebrum.amygdala.An EEG recordsthe number of neurons in the brain.electrical impulses from the brain.chemical activity in the cranial nerves.direct electrical stimulation and activation of the brain.Using an electrode, an experimenter produces flashes of colored light and simple visual experiences in a patient undergoing brain surgery. Most likely she has activated theparietal lobe.frontal lobe.occipital lobe.temporal lobe.The cerebral cortex is composed of two sides or __________.ponspositronsconnector neuronshemispheresThe brainstem consists mainly of thecerebellum and the cerebral cortex.cerebrum and the medulla.medulla and the cerebellum.cerebral cortex and the medulla.A person who had difficulty __________ would be described as having aphasia.walkingsmellingeatingcommunicatingIn order to perform a split-brain operation, the __________ must be severed.ponscerebellumcorpus callosumcerebral cortexThe __________ cerebral hemisphere is superior at perceptual skills and detecting and expressing emotion.rightleftcorticalsubcorticalBy using electrical stimulation, reward (or "pleasure centers") and punishment (or "aversive" areas) can be shown to exist in thecorpus callosum.limbic system.occipital lobe.thalamus.Many addictive drugs stimulate the pleasure centers of themedulla.cerebellum.frontal cortex.limbic system.There is a greater portion of motor cortex for themouth.hands and fingers.feet and toes.legs.The limbic system is responsible forthe control of hunger, thirst, and sex.executive functions.heartbeat and breathing regulation.auditory processing.An innovative scanning technique that uses magnetic technology to visualize brain activity is calledPET.MRI.CAT.fMRIThe technique that uses a magnetic field to develop an image of the brain is called theclinical scanablation techniqueMRI scanEEGThere is more somatosensory cortex for themouth.shoulder.feet.legs.The sense of smell depends on the __________ lobe.frontaloccipitalparietaltemporalIf the brain were similar to the postal system, the function of the thalamus would be similar to the role ofpostmaster.mail sorter.mail carrier.Postmaster General.The use of an electrode to destroy small areas of the brain beneath the surface is calledablation.deep lesioning.surface lesioning.electroencephalography.Which of the following is most closely associated with language comprehension?aphasiaBroca's areaWernicke's areaagnosiaThe __________ cortex is all areas of the cerebral cortex that are not sensory or motor in function.associationaphasiaBroca'sagnosiaWhich of the following is most closely associated with language production?aphasiaBroca's areaWernicke's areaagnosiaThe reflex control centers for vital life functions like heart rate and breathing are found in theforebrain.medulla.pleasure center.pituitary gland.Experiments with animals have found pleasure centers to be located in thepituitary gland.left parietal lobe.hypothalamus.amygdala.Which of the following involves electrical brain wave measurement?clinical studiesablationMRI scanEEGThe area of the frontal lobe that directs the body's muscles is called thesomatosensory area.associative area.motor cortex.cerebral cortex.Bodily sensations such as touch, temperature, and pressure register in which brain area?the occipital lobesthe parietal lobesthe temporal lobesthe frontal lobesThe surgical procedure of cutting the corpus callosum is done in cases ofcommunication problems.severe epilepsy.injury or stroke.split personality.Which of the following is a major function of the somatosensory area of the cerebral cortex?primary area for receiving visual informationanalysis of body sensationslocation of motor control of the bodyprimary area for receiving auditory informationAn elderly woman suffered a stroke, and there was injury to Broca's area of her brain. Her resulting speech impairment is calledaphasia.agnosia.mind blindness.neglect.Which of the following changes would you expect to occur in someone whose frontal lobes were damaged in an accident?development of blank spots in the visual fieldreduced capacity to hear high frequency soundsreduced reasoning and planning abilities and changes in personalityinability to demonstrate complex motor skillWhich of the following describes brains of persons who do well on mental tests?They seem to work the hardest.They seem to consume the least glucose.They have the largest corpus callosums.They are the easiest to study using EEGs.Creating the magic of consciousness is carried out primarily bythe hindbrain.the midbrain.the forebrain.the brainstem.The two cerebral hemispheres are connected by a band of fibers calledthe corpus callosum.the cortex.connector neurons.association fibers.Electrical stimulation of the brainbegins with the implantation of thin metal electrodes deep within the brain.cannot be used to electrically activate specific brain areas.takes minutes to call forth aggressive behavior.cannot effect behaviors such as sleeping and euphoria.Language is controlled by the __________ of the brain.right hemisphereleft hemispheresubcortical regionoccipital lobeThe __________ gland is involved in the regulation of growth.pituitarypinealthyroidadrenalThe increased size and wrinkling of the cerebral cortex in higher animals is referred to ascerebralization.hemispherization.corticalization.reticulation.An accident victim is shown a picture of a car and says, "dar." This person is suffering fromBroca's aphasia.mindblindness.damage to Wernicke's area.agnosia.The visual area of the brain is located in the __________ lobe.frontalparietaloccipitaltemporalWeeks after an automobile accident, a friend continues to have difficulty maintaining balance and movements. You should suspect that damage may have occurred to thecorpus callosum.cerebellum.medulla.reticular formation.An aphasia is a speech disturbance; an agnosia isthe inability to identify objects.also related to the speech center.controlled by the thalamus.a thought disturbance.The reticular formation (RF) is associated withhunger and thirst.attention and wakefulness.sex, rage, and emotion.pleasure and punishment.The association areas of the cerebral cortexare largest in the brains of lower animals.are directly related to such functions as thinking, language, and memory and include Broca's and Wernicke's areas.process simple sensory information, like light, sound, and touch.are not essential to the performance of higher mental functions.Which of the cerebral hemispheres is superior at drawing a picture?leftrightsubcorticalmidIn most people, the right hemisphere of the brain is in charge oflanguage.logic.art.mathematics.If a "split-brain" subject were given a key (hidden from sight) to feel with his left hand, hecould easily name what he had touched.would be unable to describe the object.would be able to point to the key with his right hand.would have to wait for the information transfer to take place before describing itAs one moves up the evolutionary scale, development of the nervous system showsan increase in the brain tissue devoted to the cerebral cortex.corticalization of the peripheral nervous system.a decrease in the size of cortical association areas.a diminishing importance of the corpus callosum.Which of the following is most involved in the production of emotion?the occipital lobethe limbic systemthe medullathe pituitary glandIn higher animals, visible portions of the brain are covered with a wrinkled layer of gray matter called thecerebral cortex.cerebellum.corpus callosum.forebrain.Although the human brain weighs approximately 3 pounds, it is also important to take into consideration __________ when comparing it to the brain of an elephant or whale.the cortex weightthe body weightthe caloric intake weight to brain weight ratiothe brain weight to body weight ratioThe occipital lobe is to vision as the parietal lobe is tosmell.touch.plex behaviors.Surgical removal of parts of the brain to determine their function relies on a technique calledpositron emission.corticalization.ablation.ultrasound.Broca's area is located on theright parietal lobe.left parietal lobe.right frontal lobe.left frontal lobe.A patient who has suffered brain damage to the left hemisphere is likely to experience diminished capacity fornaming objects.recognizing posing melodies.identifying emotionsThe functions of the amygdala includedelivery of electrical stimulation to the limbic system.stopping electrical stimulation to the limbic system.stimulating the "pleasure" centers of the limbic system.helping us react to dangerous stimuli through a quick fear response.The cerebral cortex isthe two large hemispheres that cover the upper part of the brain.the highest and largest brain area in humans.the bundle of fibers connecting the cerebral hemispheres.the outer layer of the cerebrum.Brain centers for most vital functions aredistributed randomly throughout the cerebral cortex.localized in the left cerebral hemisphere.localized in the right cerebral hemisphere.localized deep within the brain in the upper brainstem.The hippocampusis part of the hypothalamus.is associated with forming lasting memories.has direct connections to the occipital lobe.is involved with sensing emotion.Which statement concerning brain function is TRUE?The left side of the body is generally controlled by the left hemisphere.The left side of the body is generally controlled by the right hemisphere.The right hemisphere is the dominant hemisphere in males but not in females.A stroke to a person's left hemisphere will affect the left side of his or her body.Sue has recovered from extensive injury to her left cerebral hemisphere and has continued her career with little sign of impairment. Her occupation is most likelygraphic artist.accountant.English teacher.sports writer for a newspaper.A new, improved brain imaging technique for measuring glucose metabolism of the brain is calledMANSCAN.PET scan.MRI.CT scan.The greater the sensitivity of a part of the body,the larger the area of somatosensory cortex associated with it.the smaller the area of somatosensory cortex associated with it.the smaller the area of motor cortex associated with it.the larger the area of the cerebellum associated with it.The __________ area in the brain acts as a final "switching station" for most incoming sensory information.superior colliculusreticular formation (RF)autonomic nervous systemthalamusWhich of the following is NOT controlled by the hypothalamus?sexeating and drinkingtemperature controlpostureThe somatosensory area is located in thetemporal lobes.parietal lobes.occipital lobes.frontal lobes.Destruction of the reticular activating system would result incoma.dizziness.blurred vision.aphasia.The __________ is the part of the brain that stores lasting memories.hindbraintemporal lobeoccipital lobehippocampus__________ measures the structure of the brain by utilizing a series of x-rays.EEGCT scanMRI scanPETJohn has some paralysis and loss of sensation in his right side after a motorcycle accident. It is likely that there is brain damage in thecerebellum.left hemisphere.corpus callosum.right hemisphereDave has just had some medical tests conducted. One of the tests recorded Dave's brain waves on a moving sheet of paper. Dave was probably given theEEG.CT scan.MRI scan.PET scan.The __________ regulates the functioning of other glands.pituitary glandpineal glandthyroid glandadrenal glandHormonesare the electrical messengers of the glands.are related to neurotransmitters.generally maintain a steady state in our bodily functions.are similar to neurotransmitters, but unlike neurotransmitters, hormones do not require receptor sites.A brief electrical current is applied to the cortex causing movements and muscular twitches in various parts of the body. The area stimulated is thesomesthetic area of the parietal lobe.association cortex of the occipital lobes.interpretative cortex of the temporal lobes.motor cortex of the frontal lobes.The brain center for audition is in the __________ lobe.temporalparietaloccipitalfrontalJim does not understand algebra, but he's a good artist. Jim's __________ brain is probably more fully developed.leftrightmidsubcorticalIn the brain, the function of the reticular formation is similar to the hotel service known asadvance registration.maid service.wake-up call.room service. ................
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