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 Chapter 2 Section 1: Foundations of Government Guided nOTESA Blast from the Past - the Ancient Romans Ancient Romans came up with the concepts of __________________________ democracy and __________________________ democracyDirect democracy - people __________________________ voting for issues; no representativeRepresentative democracy - people __________________________ voting for issues by voting via __________________________ who are elected officials Think, Pair, Share Why is indirect democracy often seen as the negative type of democracy? Explain Moving Forward, the Age of Enlightenment The Age of __________________________ 1650s-1780s__________________________ the authority of the __________________________ ChurchIdea of reforming society with __________________________, science and __________________________Idea of __________________________ rights—________humans are born with these:Life, liberty, propertyIdea of the _______________________________________—people need protections and agree to _____________ certain freedoms for that protectionWhat is the best form of protection? Absolute __________________________ (Hobbes)Constitutional monarchy or __________________________ (Locke)Limited government with the consent of the governed (Locke)__________________________ or whatever is decided directly by the people(Rousseau) Thinkers of the Enlightenment ____________________________________________________(1588 - 1679)English Enlightenment philosopher Wrote Leviathan Ideas:A social contract exists between rulers and the governed b/c man is “__________________________”; citizens must give up some rights for the guarantee of all of society__________________________ rulers may be necessary to maintain order in a “state of nature”W/o government, man would constantly fighting amongst one another The best government is one in which the ruler has __________________________ powerThe purpose of government is to ________________________________________ & _________________________ through whatever means necessary People do not have the right to rebel GOVERNMENT: __________________________ monarchySTATE OF NATURE: “Life of man: solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short” ____________________________________________________ (1632 - 1704)English Enlightenment philosopher Wrote Two Treatise on Government Ideas:Government is a social contract between __________________________ and their __________________________Government has two purposes - to protect the __________________________ of life, liberty and property of citizens and to create __________________________ within society Citizens have the right to __________________________ if the government is not respecting the rights of citizens; rulersNEED consent of the governed otherwise the government = __________________________ Man is born as __________________________ or a blank slate Mind is clear at birth, life experiences shape a person Citizens have the right to rebel against a government if the government doesn’t represent them Rulers need consent of the governed Natural rights - Life, liberty and propertyGOVERNMENT: __________________________ which people have the right to rebel if the government doesn’t represent them or no consent of the governedSTATE OF NATURE: People are naturally good____________________________________________________ - (1712-1778)French Enlightenment philosopher Wrote Social ContractIdeas:Although people are born good, __________________________ corrupts themGovernment should be a contract between the __________________________, not between the people and a ruler People should give up some freedom in favor of some __________________________ decision People are __________________________ and have a right to individual freedom __________________________ should also be educated to be good mothersGOVERNMENT: __________________________ which people have the right to rebel if the government doesn’t represent them or no consent of the governedThis is called ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (1689-1755)French Enlightenment philosopher Wrote Spirit of the Laws Ideas:Tyranny can be avoided by __________________________ and __________________________ political power amongst a group of diverse classes and groups This is called ____________________________________________________which allows for __________________________ and __________________________ or when one branch of government doesn’t get more powerful than another To prevent abuse of power, government should be split into _____ branches Legislative, judicial and executive GOVERNMENT: ____________________________________________________STATE OF NATURE: “People are basically good, but need the law”____________________________________________________ (1694-1778)French Enlightenment philosopher Wrote Candide & Letters on the English Ideas:__________________________ should be treated well but they are __________________________ to men Freedom of __________________________ is the most important“I disapprove of what you say, but defend to the death your right to say it” GOVERNMENT: a __________________________, constitutional __________________________STATE OF NATURE: People are not perfect, but have an innate goodness; environment shapes their behavior Think, Pair, Share Are people born good or bad?Are all people born equal?What is government?Why do societies have governments?What is the purpose of government?Who has the right to power in society?Big Ideas of the Enlightenment Rule of Law__________________________ people must follow the laws, and the laws should be enforced __________________________.Self Government__________________________ can make __________________________ on how their government should work.Due ProcessPeople have the right to __________________________ and __________________________ laws. Officials have to follow rules when enforcing laws and need to treat all people in the same way.Limited GovernmentA government that has been __________________________ in power by a __________________________, or written agreement.RightsA set of things that people believe they should be __________________________ to do without restrictions.Landmark Early English Documents Magna Carta The Magna Carta was a government document that __________________________ the power of the __________________________ of England and protected the __________________________ of the nobilityIt was written by the English nobility in 1215.Big Ideas:__________________________ GovernmentRightsRule of Law____________________________________________________English Bill of RightsThe English Bill of Rights was a government document that __________________________ the powers of the English ______________________________________ and expanded the rights of the __________________________, as well as further __________________________ the rights of the king. It was written by the members of the English Parliament in 1689.Big Ideas:Limited Government, RightsDue Process, ____________________________________________________Trial by jury Due process of law English Bill of Rights - laid out the __________________________ of the __________________________Backbone for U.S Constitution & Bill of RightsPetition of Right - statement of ____________________________________________________ from the ppl → to the King; can’t jail ppl w/o reasonGeneral __________________________ of strong national government based on the former colonial relationship with Britain impacted how the colonists set up AmericaEngland basically was the colonists crazy _____________4691063161925 The Purpose of the ColoniesEach colony was established __________________________ as charters Written grant of authority from the KingThere are ______ kinds of colonies developed in the United States:Royal Proprietary CharterRoyal Became a __________________________ legislature Bicameral = “two houses”Proprietary Governed by a __________________________ Proprietor = $$$$$CharterMainly ____________________________________________________ so long as they abide by most of Great Britain’s laws ................
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