Chapter 18



Chapter 18

Aristotelian world-view empirical method Copernican hypothesis

Deductive reasoning rationalism progress

Progress secular skeptism

Parlement of Paris Enlightenment enlightened absolutism

Philosophes Diderot Bayle

Kepler Galileo Bacon

Descartes D’Holbach Newton

Montesquieu Volitaire Copernicus

Brahe Madame du Chatelet Madame Geoffrin

Catherine the Great Frederick the Great Maria Teresa

Louis 15th Joseph 2nd

1. Contrast the old Aristotelian-medieval world-view with that of the 16th and 17th centuries. What were the contributions of Copernicus, Brahe, Kepler, Galileo, and Newton’s “synthesis”?

2. How did the new scientific theory and discoveries alter the concept of God and religion? Did science, in fact, come to dictate humanity’s concept of God?

3. What were the scientific and religious implications of Copernicus’s theory?

4. How did Bacon and Descartes contribute to the development of the modern scientific method?

5. Did the Catholic and Protestant churches retard or foster scientific investigation?

6. What were the consequences of the rise of modern science?

7. What were the central concepts of the English Enlightenment?

8. Who were the philosophes and what did they believe?

9. In what ways were Frederick of Prussia and Catherine of Russia enlightened monarchs? What did both accomplish?

10. What was the cause of the power struggle between the aristocrats and Louis 15th of France?

11. Describe the interests and actions of Madame du Chatelet and Madame Geoffrin?

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