Disciplinary Themes in Aristotle’s Political and Ethical ...

Disciplinary Themes in Aristotle¡¯s Political and Ethical Writings

By

Jeremy W. Hunsinger

Thesis submitted to the faculty of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and

State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

degree of

Master of Arts

in

Political Science

Timothy W. Luke

Mark Gifford

David Barzilai

December 15, 1998

Blacksburg Virginia

Keywords: Aristotle, Disciplinary Power

Copyright 1998, Jeremy W. Hunsinger

Abstract

Disciplinary Themes in Aristotle¡¯s Political and Ethical Writings

By

Jeremy W. Hunsinger

This thesis is an exploratory study of the relationship between

Foucault¡¯s conception of disciplinary power and the philosophical

ideas of ancient Greece as exemplified by Aristotle. Foucault

claims that disciplinary power arose only in the 17th and 18th

centuries.

This thesis demonstrates that there are similarities

and parallels between certain facets of Aristotle¡¯s ethical and

political theory and Foucault¡¯s idea of disciplinary power-parallels and similarities sufficiently strong to weaken, if not

contradict, Foucault¡¯s description of the historical origin of

disciplinary power.

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Acknowledgments

I wish to thank foremost my committee who suffered far more

than most would.

Second, I wish to thank the Department of

Political Science for allowing me the opportunity to become a

part of its community of learning.

Third, I wish to thank my

family, in particular my Mom, and Nan and Pop; my grandparents,

who are a constant inspiration to me.

Finally, I wish to

apologize to all those who earned my bloodshot and sometimes

spiteful glare during my graduate studies, surely in the end it

is forgivable.

All errors and imprecision in this thesis are

mine.

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Table of Contents

Introduction _____________________________________________________ 1

Chapter 1 Power and Disciplinary Power ______________________________ 4

1.1 From Power to Bio-Power in One Fell Swoop __________________________ 4

1.2 Conclusion ______________________________________________________ 10

Chapter 2 Disciplinary Power ______________________________________ 11

2.1 Disciplinary Power: A General Discussion ____________________________ 11

2.2 Operations of Disciplinary Power ___________________________________ 16

2.3 Technologies of the Self or Disciplines at Large ________________________ 18

2.1.1 Surveillance or Hierarchical Observation __________________________________ 20

2.1.2 Normalization _______________________________________________________ 23

2.1.3 Examination _________________________________________________________ 26

2.2 Summary _______________________________________________________ 27

2.3 Conclusion ______________________________________________________ 28

Chapter 3 Foucault¡¯s Aristotle _____________________________________ 29

3.1 Foucault¡¯s Project ________________________________________________ 29

3.2 Themes of Greece and Aristotle in Foucault. __________________________ 31

3.3 Technologies of the Self in History of Sexuality ________________________ 31

3.2.2 Foucault¡¯s Aristotle ___________________________________________________ 34

3.2.3 Foucault¡¯s Specificity __________________________________________________ 37

3.3 Conclusion ______________________________________________________ 38

Chapter 4 The Polis in Aristotle ____________________________________ 40

4.1 Aristotle¡¯s Polis as Institution_______________________________________ 40

4.1.1 Examination in the Polis as Institution_____________________________________ 41

4.3 Classes and Hierarchies in Aristotle¡¯s Polis ___________________________ 42

4.4 Conclusion ______________________________________________________ 43

Chapter 5 Habituation and Normalization ____________________________ 45

5.1 Definition of Habituation __________________________________________ 45

5.2 Habituation and Normalization _____________________________________ 48

5.3 Doctrine of the Mean ______________________________________________ 48

5.3.1 The Mean in the Polis _________________________________________________ 49

5.3 Conclusion ______________________________________________________ 53

Chapter 6 Friendship _____________________________________________ 55

6.1 Conceptions of Friendship in Aristotle _______________________________ 55

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6.1.1 Types of Friendship ___________________________________________________ 56

6.2 Friendship, Knowledge and Virtue __________________________________ 58

6.2.1 knowledge __________________________________________________________ 59

6.2.2 Friendship and Virtue _________________________________________________ 59

6.3 Friendship in the Polis_____________________________________________ 60

6.3.1 Unanimity and Concord ________________________________________________ 61

6.3.2 Equality and Justice ___________________________________________________ 62

6.5 Conclusion ______________________________________________________ 64

Chapter 7 Conclusion_____________________________________________ 65

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