FM 6-02 - United States Army

FM 6-02

SIGNAL SUPPORT TO OPERATIONS

SEPTEMBER 2019

DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION:

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. This publication supersedes FM 6-02, dated 22 January 2014.

HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

This publication is available at the Army Publishing Directorate site () and the Central Army Registry site ().

Field Manual No. 6-02

*FM 6-02

Headquarters Department of the Army Washington, D.C., 13 September 2019

Chapter 1 Chapter 2

Signal Support to Operations

Contents

Page

PREFACE..................................................................................................................... v

INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ vii

OVERVIEW OF SIGNAL SUPPORT ........................................................................ 1-1

Section I ? The Operational Environment ............................................................. 1-1 Challenges for Army Signal Support ......................................................................... 1-1 Operational Environment Overview........................................................................... 1-1 Information Environment ........................................................................................... 1-2 Trends........................................................................................................................ 1-3 Threat Effects on Signal Support .............................................................................. 1-8

Section II ? Fundamental Principles of Signal Support..................................... 1-13 Operational Focus ................................................................................................... 1-13 Interoperability ......................................................................................................... 1-14 Agility ....................................................................................................................... 1-14 Trusted Systems...................................................................................................... 1-15 Shared Networks ..................................................................................................... 1-16 Network Situational Awareness............................................................................... 1-16 Objectives of Signal Support ................................................................................... 1-17 Core Competencies of the Signal Corps ................................................................. 1-17

Section III ? Signal in Army Operations .............................................................. 1-18 Support to Joint Operations..................................................................................... 1-18 Army Strategic Roles ............................................................................................... 1-18 The Army Operational Concept ............................................................................... 1-19 Support to Command and Control........................................................................... 1-20 Support to Other Warfighting Functions .................................................................. 1-21 Multinational Interoperability.................................................................................... 1-21 Strategic and Operational Reach ............................................................................ 1-22

SIGNAL SUPPORT BY ARMY ECHELON, CORE COMPETENCIES, TRAINING, AND THE ARMY NETWORK ................................................................................... 2-1

Section I ? Signal Support by Echelon.................................................................. 2-1 Corps and Below Organizations With Organic Signal Assets ................................... 2-1 Units Without Organic Signal Assets....................................................................... 2-11 Types of Signal Units Leveraged for Support.......................................................... 2-14 Requesting Signal Support...................................................................................... 2-17 Support to Other Army Operations .......................................................................... 2-17 Signal-Enabling Commands and Staffs................................................................... 2-26

DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. *This publication supersedes FM 6-02, dated 22 January 2014.

FM 6-02

i

Contents

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

Chapter 5 Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C Appendix D

Section II ? Core Competencies and Essential Capability of the Signal Corps ...................................................................................................................... 2-31 Department of Defense Information Network Operations....................................... 2-31 Network Transport and Information Services ......................................................... 2-34 Spectrum Management Operations ........................................................................ 2-36 Visual Information and Combat Camera................................................................. 2-36 Communications Security ....................................................................................... 2-38

Section III ? Signal Training ................................................................................. 2-39 Individual Signal Training ........................................................................................ 2-39 Collective Signal Training in Units .......................................................................... 2-40 Signal Digital Master Gunner Course ..................................................................... 2-41

Section IV ? The Army Network........................................................................... 2-41 Department of Defense Information Network ......................................................... 2-41 Department of Defense Information Network-Army................................................ 2-46

SIGNAL SUPPORT TO OPERATIONS TO SHAPE AND PREVENT..................... 3-1

Section I ? Operations to Shape............................................................................ 3-1 Overview of Army Operations to Shape.................................................................... 3-1 Signal Operations Assessments ............................................................................... 3-3 Risks to Signal Support............................................................................................. 3-3 Signal Support........................................................................................................... 3-4 Additional Shaping Activities ..................................................................................... 3-6 Consolidating Gains .................................................................................................. 3-8

Section II ? Operations to Prevent ........................................................................ 3-8 Overview of Army Operations to Prevent ................................................................. 3-8 Risks to Signal Support............................................................................................. 3-8 Signal Support........................................................................................................... 3-9 Consolidating Gains ................................................................................................ 3-11

LARGE-SCALE COMBAT OPERATIONS .............................................................. 4-1

Section I ? Signal Support to Large-Scale Combat Operations ......................... 4-1 Overview of Large-Scale Combat Operations .......................................................... 4-1 Risks to Signal Support............................................................................................. 4-1 Signal Support........................................................................................................... 4-2

Section II ? Large-Scale Defensive Operations ................................................... 4-4 Overview of Large-Scale Defensive Operations ....................................................... 4-4 Signal Support........................................................................................................... 4-4 Risks to Signal Support............................................................................................. 4-6

Section III ? Large-Scale Offensive Operations ................................................... 4-6 Overview of Large Scale Offensive Operations ........................................................ 4-6 Signal Support........................................................................................................... 4-6 Risks to Signal Support............................................................................................. 4-8 Consolidation of Gains .............................................................................................. 4-8

OPERATIONS TO CONSOLIDATE GAINS ............................................................ 5-1 Overview of Operations to Consolidate Gains .......................................................... 5-1 Signal Support........................................................................................................... 5-1 Risks to Signal Support............................................................................................. 5-2

OPERATING IN A CONTESTED ENVIRONMENT ................................................. A-1

SIGNAL PLANNING.................................................................................................B-1

VISUAL INFORMATION .......................................................................................... C-1

SIGNAL SYSTEMS MAINTENANCE.......................................................................D-1

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FM 6-02

13 September 2019

Contents

Appendix E

REQUESTS FOR SIGNAL SUPPORT .....................................................................E-1 SOURCE NOTES ................................................................................ Source Notes-1 GLOSSARY ................................................................................................ Glossary-1 REFERENCES ........................................................................................ References-1 INDEX ................................................................................................................ Index-1

Figures

Introductory figure-1. Command and control logic map .................................................................. viii Introductory figure-2. The command and control system..................................................................ix Figure 2-1. Department of Defense information network operations technical channels at corps

and below.................................................................................................................... 2-3 Figure 2-2. Department of Defense information network operations components, effects, and

objectives .................................................................................................................. 2-34 Figure 2-3. Department of Defense information network-Army operational view ........................ 2-51 Figure 3-1. Shaping activities within an environment of cooperation and competition .................. 3-2 Figure B-1. Operation plan or order paragraph 5.........................................................................B-13 Figure B-2. Operation plan or order annex H (Signal) .................................................................B-14 Figure B-3. Parallel sequences of the military decision-making process and troop leading

procedures. ...............................................................................................................B-21 Figure C-1. Combat camera support request format .................................................................... C-2 Figure E-1. Request for forces process .........................................................................................E-3

Tables

Introductory table-1. Modified Army terms ........................................................................................ x Table A-1. Common jamming signals ............................................................................................A-6 Table B-1. Example primary, alternate, contingency, and emergency communications plan by

warfighting function .....................................................................................................B-3 Table B-2. The military decision-making process, step 1: receipt of mission ................................B-4 Table B-3. The military decision-making process, step 2: mission analysis ..................................B-6 Table B-4. The military decision-making process, step 3: course of action development .............B-8 Table B-5. The military decision-making process, step 4: course of action analysis.....................B-9 Table B-6. The military decision-making process, step 5: course of action comparison .............B-10 Table B-7. The military decision-making process, step 6: course of action approval ..................B-11 Table B-8. The military decision-making process, step 7: orders production, dissemination, and

transition ...................................................................................................................B-12 Table D-1. Alignment of units to type of maintenance performed................................................. D-1

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Preface

FM 6-02 is the highest-level signal doctrine manual. It describes how signal Soldiers support Army forces as they shape operational environments, prevent conflict, conduct large-scale combat operations, and consolidate gains against a peer threat in joint operations. In order to understand this publication, readers must be familiar with Army capstone doctrine (ADP 1 and ADP 3-0), ADP 5-0, ADP 6-0, and FM 3-0. FM 6-02 supports foundational Army doctrine and establishes context for signal-specific Army techniques publications.

FM 6-02 is applicable to all members of the Army Profession--leaders, Soldiers, and Army civilians. The principal audience for FM 6-02 is Army commanders, leaders, staffs, and signal Soldiers. Commanders and staffs of Army headquarters serving as a joint task force or multinational headquarters also use applicable joint or multinational doctrine for command and control of joint or multinational forces. Trainers and educators throughout the Army also use this publication.

Commanders, staffs, and subordinates ensure their decisions and actions comply with applicable U.S., international, and in some cases, host-nation laws and regulations. Commanders at all levels ensure their Soldiers operate according to the law of war and the rules of engagement (see FM 6-27). They also adhere to the Army Ethic as described in ADP 1.

FM 6-02 uses joint terms where applicable. Selected joint and Army terms and definitions appear in both the glossary and the text. Terms for which FM 6-02 is the proponent publication (the authority) are marked with an asterisk (*) in the glossary. Definitions for which FM 6-02 is the proponent publication are boldfaced in the text. For other definitions shown in the text, the term is italicized and the number of the proponent publication follows the definition.

FM 6-02 applies to the Active Army, Army National Guard/Army National Guard of the United States, and the United States Army Reserve, unless otherwise stated.

The proponent for FM 6-02 is the United States Army Cyber Center of Excellence. The preparing agency is the Doctrine Division, United States Army Cyber Center of Excellence. Send comments and recommendations on a DA Form 2028 (Recommended Changes to Publications and Blank Forms) to Commander, United States Army Cyber Center of Excellence and Fort Gordon, ATTN: ATZH-OP (FM 6-02), 506 Chamberlain Avenue, Fort Gordon, GA 30905-5735; by e-mail to usarmy.gordon.cybercoe.mbx.gord-fg-doctrine@mail.mil.

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