ENGAGE, DESTROY, SURVIVE: CHARACTERISTICS OF U.S. ARMY PISTOL, CARBINE ...

ENGAGE, DESTROY, SURVIVE: CHARACTERISTICS OF U.S. ARMY PISTOL, CARBINE, AND RIFLE DIRECT FIRE ENGAGEMENTS IN MODERN COMBAT

A thesis presented to the Faculty of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree

MASTER OF MILITARY ART AND SCIENCE General Studies

by

MATTHEW L. SIMON, MAJOR, U.S. ARMY B.A., Elizabethtown College, Elizabethtown, PA, 2005

Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 2018

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Fair use determination or copyright permission has been obtained for the inclusion of pictures, maps, graphics, and any other works incorporated into this manuscript. A work of the United States Government is not subject to copyright, however further publication or sale of copyrighted images is not permissible.

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1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) 2. REPORT TYPE

3. DATES COVERED (From - To)

15-06-2018

Master's Thesis

AUG 2017 ? JUN 2018

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

5a. CONTRACT NUMBER

Engage, Destroy, Survive: Characteristics of U.S. Army Pistol, Carbine, and Rifle Direct Fire Engagements in Modern Combat

5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER

6. AUTHOR(S)

Major Matthew L. Simon

5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER

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U.S. Army Command and General Staff College ATTN: ATZL-SWD-GD Fort Leavenworth, KS 66027-2301

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14. ABSTRACT With an increasing concern for hybrid, multi-domain, and even near peer threats, coupled with the complexity of urban warfare and subterranean operations in mega-cities, the U.S. Army must reevaluate and change its pistol, carbine, and rifle marksmanship training strategies, and their subsequent qualification standards, to enable Soldiers to effectively engage and destroy threats in a direct fire engagement, across the range of military operations, and win. After a comprehensive review of publications on marksmanship, 22 characteristics or marksmanship skills (variables) were selected and analyzed against 133 direct fire engagement narratives collected from 46 scholarly publications. A collective case study analysis of the Korean War, Vietnam War, Operation Iraqi Freedom, and Operation Enduring Freedom concluded that several variables were present across all case studies but were found to not be emphasized in current training strategies. Based on the gaps or shortfalls identified, the thesis provides recommendations to change certain aspects of U.S. Army marksmanship training strategies to better prepare Soldiers to engage, destroy, and survive in modern combat.

15. SUBJECT TERMS

Combat Rifle Qualification Course, Combat Pistol Qualification Course, Integrated Weapon Training

Strategy; Marksmanship; Direct Fire Engagements; Carbine; Rifle; Pistol; Soldier Lethality

16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF:

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163

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MASTER OF MILITARY ART AND SCIENCE THESIS APPROVAL PAGE

Name of Candidate: Matthew L. Simon Thesis Title: Engage, Destroy, Survive: Characteristics of U.S. Army Pistol, Carbine,

and Rifle Direct Fire Engagements in Modern Combat.

Approved by:

Mark A. McManigal, M.S.

, Thesis Committee Chair

David S. Pierson, Ph.D.

, Member

Mark A. Samson, M.S.

, Member

Accepted this 15th day of June 2018 by:

Robert F. Baumann, Ph.D.

, Director, Graduate Degree Programs

The opinions and conclusions expressed herein are those of the student author and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College or any other governmental agency. (References to this study should include the foregoing statement.)

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ABSTRACT ENGAGE, DESTROY, SURVIVE: CHARACTERISTICS OF US. ARMY PISTOL, CARBINE, AND RIFLE DIRECT FIRE ENGAGEMENTS IN MODERN COMBAT, by Major Matthew L. Simon, 163 pages. With an increasing concern for hybrid, multi-domain, and even near peer threats, coupled with the complexity of urban warfare and subterranean operations in mega-cities, the U.S. Army must reevaluate and change its pistol, carbine, and rifle marksmanship training strategies, and their subsequent qualification standards, to enable Soldiers to effectively engage and destroy threats in a direct fire engagement, across the range of military operations, and win. After a comprehensive review of publications on marksmanship, 22 characteristics or marksmanship skills (variables) were selected and analyzed against 133 direct fire engagement narratives collected from 46 scholarly publications. A collective case study analysis of the Korean War, Vietnam War, Operation Iraqi Freedom, and Operation Enduring Freedom concluded that several variables were present across all case studies but were found to not be emphasized in current training strategies. Based on the gaps or shortfalls identified, the thesis provides recommendations to change certain aspects of U.S. Army marksmanship training strategies to better prepare Soldiers to engage, destroy, and survive in modern combat.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

First, I would like to thank my family "Team Simon" for their continued support in everything I do. Ashley, Charlie, and Macey, thank you for your patience during the long days, nights, and weekends I spent cooped up in the library or home office working on this project. I would also like to thank my Thesis Committee, Mr. Mark McManigal, Dr. Dave Pierson, and Mr. Mark Samson for their mentorship, motivation, and resounding enthusiasm throughout this process.

Next, I would like to thank several individuals and organizations who have been very influential to this project, all at various times and in various ways. To Coach Gary Salman, Colonel Andrew Hanson, the Cadets, and former members (now influential leaders in our Army) of the United States Military Academy Combat Weapons Team. Next, to Special Agent Jude Tarasca and his great team of FBI firearms instructors, along with the rest of "Class 17-01". To the members of the 5th Special Forces Group, specifically the outstanding instructors of the Advanced Skills Company. Lastly, to the hardworking current and former Army doctrine writers Major Dan Wilcox and Sergeant's First-Class Todd Poisson, Ash Hess, and Mike Lewis.

A special thanks to all of the Warriors who have indeed engaged, destroyed, and survived. May we learn from you in preparation for the next fight. Finally, this project is dedicated to our fallen, most notably Chief Warrant Officer Edward Balli, and Staff Sergeant's Michael Ollis and James Moriarty.

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