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Gary Schlatter2/17/16Annotated BibliographyAurora. “Sleep and Sports Performance.” Fitness Is Sweet. Fitness is Sweet. Blog Post. 16 February 2016. This article is a simple blog post relating sleep and sports performance or general physical activity. Basically, the author simply mentions the vital importance of sleep in order to be motivated and able to benefit fully from physical activity. The main purpose behind this post is to create awareness about sleeping vs. working out and which is better for your body in certain circumstances. The author is targeting college-aged students who are physically active and motivated like she is. An interesting detail that I found in this post is that when the body is sleep deprived, the physical benefits of working out are greatly decreased, and in many cases it’s actually better to just sleep. I believe that this blog post will increase the complexity of my argument as now I can incorporate another aspect into my overall argument: sleep vs. physical activity. Obviously in college, sleep depravation is extremely common and as a result, when students have free time many of them simply nap instead of exercising because they just don’t have the energy to do so. This arguably becomes one of the main reasons why college students become overweight; as they are so sleep deprived that they don’t have the energy to exercise. It’s also important to keep in mind that with a lack of sleep, metabolism is slowed down, further adding to the overall problem. It is important to take note that the author of this blog is a fitness fanatic therefore she doesn’t really need to address the general ideas of overweightness in college students because her audience is also for the most part going to be in good physical condition, making talk about obesity and such somewhat irrelevant. Therefore, all of the talk relating overweightness and her article is simply speculation. Bjerke, Wendy. “Health and?Fitness?Courses in Higher Education: A Historical Perspective and Contemporary Approach.” Physical Educator 70.4 (2013) : 337-358. Web. 16 Feb. 2016. This article discusses the impact of fitness and health-based education on the overall student body. The findings of this article consist with the general idea that as expected, health based education does in fact potentially reduce premature obesity and promotes generally healthy lifestyles among those enrolled. The purpose of this article is to address health and behavioral end results on college students after completing certain physical education related courses. Obviously, because of the findings that physical education classes like these and other forms of effective health promotion on college campuses actually can reduce weight gain and obesity, the study ended up to be a success. The main audience for this article are college students and university officials, professors, or anyone who would be responsible for the implementation of more fitness based classes or promotion. Overall, I strongly believe that this article can complicate my research argument because of the fact that it again has to do with fitness on college campuses. This article represents a completely different base of fitness found at a college. However, physical education still remains as very important because of the fact that if universities began to require students to take physical education classes, there could be a slight drop in obesity rates among college students across the nation. This is very possible because this study revealed the idea that these PE classes do in fact help to raise awareness with the students as well as actually cause people to loose weight if they are in the position to do so. This article comes from a scholarly, peer-reviewed journal, the Physical Educator, which specializes in sports and fitness based articles. Therefore, it is highly likely that this article is credible in relation to the topic at hand. Bland, Helen W., Bridget F. Melton, Lauren E. Bigham, Paul D. Welle. “Quantifying the Impact of Physical Activity on Stress Tolerance in College Students.” College Student Journal 48.4 (2014) : 559-568. Print. The main idea that this article is looking at is the relationship between stress tolerance and physical activity levels in millennial college students. The authors of this study basically introduce the overall topic of their study, which is stress tolerance in millennial college students. After that, they describe the set of tests they went through in an effort to determine the best coping methods within the general realm of fitness. The authors then compare these fitness related stress coping methods to other ‘typical’ methods used by college students such as listening to music, sleeping, or surfing the Internet. The results concluded that the ‘typical’ coping methods were not beneficial coping methods and in fact in some cases exacerbated stress while other methods such as intense exercise, stretching, and strength training are beneficial methods in raising stress tolerance. The purpose of this examination was to quantify the impact of physical fitness coping method for stress in college students. The researchers believe fitness to be a method of increasing one’s high stress tolerance (HST). Interestingly enough, when the authors were designing their study, they already knew that there have been extensive reports detailing the fact that exercise decreases one’s stress and anxiety, so they decided to focus on whether or not exercise actually decreases or removes stress, or whether it just increases one’s ability to tolerate stress. I also found it interesting that the authors detailed which specific exercises were the most effective in helping with stress levels: vigorous exercise, stretching, and weight lifting. This article is very relevant to my study as I believe that as more students are able to discover the secret that exercise actually does help cope with stress levels, there will be an even bigger overall spike in popularity of fitness across the nation’s college campuses. This article comes from the College Student Journal, which is a peer reviewed, scholarly periodical that publishes their own inquiries dealing with the values, attitudes, opinions, and learning issues with college students. In coming from a journal based entirely around the lives of college students, this article is likely to be very accurate in determining the specific problems and potential solutions in the overarching subject of stress management and physical activity. Glore, Anna. “Fear Not The Freshman 15- Tips on staying fir your freshman year and beyond.” The Odyssey Online. Odyssey., 25 August 2015. Web. 15 February 2016. This article is essentially an advice column delineating how to stay active and in shape during one’s first year in college. Through giving this advice, the author takes a very personal approach unlike the previous scholarly journals detailed above. The purpose of this article is to give advice to its readers simple instructions or tips to follow in order to stay in peak physical shape and avoid gaining weight in college and beyond. The readers of this article are likely incoming college freshman who are scared of the infamous ‘freshman 15’ or simply someone who is looking for advice on how to get into better shape. I believe that this article will help complicate my argument because it shows that the fear of the freshman 15 is a rational fear and can most definitely be a motivational factor for college students to become more physically active. Again, this leads back to my growing arsenal of articles discussing motivation and physical activity among college students. This article is obviously not going to be 100% factually correct because it is just a simple write up in a web magazine by one person. However, this article has more of an influence of just a regular perspective from a normal person, which is sometimes very good to have in order to complement the heavy and articulate language found in a scholarly journal. Gowin, Mary, Marshall Cheney, Shannon Gwin, Taylor Franklin Wann. “Health and Fitness App Use in College Students: A Qualitative Study.” American Journal of Health Education 46 (2015) : 223-230. Print. This article begins with describing the problem faced of growing rates of overweightness, particularly among college students. However, with the opportunities presented by technology, such as smartphone apps, the authors believe that there is a real solution to the growing epidemic of obesity in the United States. The researchers conducting this study were able to conclude that with suitable features in smartphone apps (free, easy to use, simple & understandable feedback, etc.) the majority of test subjects were more likely to use fitness/health-based smartphone apps, therefore motivating them to be more active and live healthier lifestyles. The purpose of this article is to explore the currently marketed health/fitness apps, as there have been many studies that have researched about new apps, but not many that evaluated the current ones. Basically, this study aims to assess the apps and see which aspects in the most popular and/or unpopular apps are most appealing and effective (and how) to the consumer, which in this case are college students. A detail found in the results of this study regarding what makes apps popular or unpopular with consumers that I found interesting was that even if an app was $0.99, college students were much more likely not to even look at it even though it costs less than an average cup of coffee; which most college students buy every day. This article definitely contains many parallels to my area of research as it deals with fitness and college students, but I believe it will offer me a unique perspective that will tie into the theme of technology and how many people are using it as a motivation to become more active as portrayed in the previous article, “Promote physical activity among college students: Using media richness and interactivity in web design.” The article at hand comes from The American Journal of Health Education, so obviously there is a large emphasis on more of the general health aspect relating physical activity to general greater health and the growing problem of obesity due to a lack of exercise. This journal sees technology as a possible solution to get people more active and will heavily promote the use of fitness apps for college students.Lauderdale, Michael E., Sami Yli-Piipari, Carol C. Irwin, Todd E. Layne. “Gender Differences Regarding Motivation for Physical Activity Among College Students: A Self-Determination Approach.” Physical Educator 72 (2015) : 153-172. Print. This article looks closely at how male and female college students respond to motivation for physical activity under a lens of self-determination (intrinsically vs. extrinsically). The findings in this article confirmed that there was a notable gender difference in that males responded more positively concerning intrinsic motivation for physical activity than females. Another one of the general findings coming from this study is that self-determined motivation is linked to the highest level of participation in physical activity among all college students. The purpose of this article was to analyze the relationships between college student’s motivation to exercise and their actual weekly participation in physical activity. The audience of this article includes not only college students but also all people interested in pursuing careers in physical education, health, recreation, exercise science, sports medicine and management, as well as human performance. The reason behind this is that the source of this article, The Physical Educator, is a scholarly fitness journal published originally solely by the Phi Epsilon Kappa Professional Fraternity. This fraternity is for people searching for jobs in any of the above fields that I previously mentioned. Something interesting about this article that I found almost startling was the fact that in the first sentence I read in the abstract section it was noted that females are less physically active than males based on previous research. This made me think of the possible sexist implications that certain people might’ve felt when reading that line even though I did not perceive it that way. I will definitely be able to incorporate this article into my research as I have been collecting data from different views and fields all relating to motivation for physical activity among college students, so I am very excited to see where the combination of all the views seen in motivation through technology, gender, etc. will lead me! Since this article comes from a physical education based journal, there is bound to be a strong influence of the general idea of fitness and a strong promotion for it whereas in the articles that I have looked at that are based in psychology look at the overall issue from the personal and mental standpoint of the college student. The article’s findings loose some credibility when one takes into account the fact that this study was only conducted at one college campus. This is because in my research I am addressing the patterns of college students across the nation and obviously students from only one school are not going to fully accurately represent the general consensus across the country. Lu, Yu, Youjeong Kim, Xue (Yuki) Dou, Sonali Kumar. “Promote physical activity among college students: Using media richness and interactivity in web design.” Computers in Human Behavior 41 (2014) : 40-50. Print.This article basically describes the opportunity that is posed with the availabilities offered to us by the Internet in promoting physical activity in college students. The two main ideas within the Internet-based promotion of fitness for college students was based on two concepts: media richness, and interactivity. It was found that fitness-related websites that were rich with media were greatest in influencing people to go to the gym while fitness-related websites that had the highest levels of interactivity most influenced college students to promote and recommend the idea of physical activity to their peers. The purpose of this study was to address the problem in today’s culture of a general lack of physical activity. Lack of exercise poses great health risks to those who do not exercise and this article is reviewing the possibility of promoting physical activity through the Internet. The ideas that this article discusses is what the most effective methods of promoting exercise through the internet actually are, in order to grab the attention of all college students, educate them, and hopefully influence them to become more active and encourage their peers to do the same. The reason why this article struck me was because of its extreme relevance to today’s society in that it is solving a contemporary problem with a contemporary solution. This article is very relevant to my field of study in my research, as being able to mix in the ideas of using the Internet to promote physical activity will give my paper another dimension. The journal that this is published in, Computers in Human Behavior, is a scholarly, peer reviewed journal that focuses on studying the use of computers through a psychological standpoint. Therefore, this article and my analysis of it will incorporate more of a mental aspect. In other words, the article is able to explore further inside of the heads and the mindsets of college students than a normal article would, as the authors are obviously more educated on how exactly to do that. Sander, Libby. “In the Cafeteria and Beyond, Colleges Take On Obesity.” Chronicle of Higher Education 59.12 (2012) : A24-A25. Print. This article really emphasizes the relationship between obesity and college students and how weight gain is sadly becoming a prominent reality among many college students. The author sees two main solutions that can be attained on college campuses that will help reverse this dangerous pattern. The first one is proper nutrition beginning with healthier on campus dining options while the second is exercise and greater promotion for it campus wide. The purpose of this article is to create awareness about the growing epidemic of obesity that many times begins with kids in college who develop poor eating and exercise habits that eventually continue on into their life after graduation. With the knowledge of the growing prominence of obesity, college students, the intended audience, will be much more inclined to watch their diet and actions in order to prevent themselves from falling into the ‘overweight’ or ‘obese’ category. An interesting fact in this article was that health educators are generally talking more about the concept of wellness instead of direct weight loss. This is because of the inherent risks of eating disorders and the like with the sole focus on weight loss. This source will absolutely fit into my overall argument in my research paper because of the fact that the threat of becoming overweight or obese is severe enough that it is a huge motivating factor for students to go exercise and maintain their fitness. This article comes straight out of the periodical Chronicle of Higher Education. Even though this is not a peer-reviewed source, it still seems to be scholarly because of the journal it is published with, a highly respected and known periodical. Because this article comes from a journal entirely based around higher education, there definitely is a sense of urgency in Sander’s words because she knows how this obesity problem reflects negatively on college campus life. Therefore, Sander wants to promote awareness so that there can be a timely and effective solution. Sibley, Benjamin A., Lee Hancock, Shawn M. Bergman. “University Students’ Exercise Behavioral Regulation, Motives, and Physical Fitness.” Perceptual & Motor Skills: Exercise & Sport 116.1 (2013) : 322-339. Print.This article provides a unique insight on the motivations of college students to exercise and maintain their fitness. The article begins with a detailed explanation of background information on the topic: physical fitness and motivation. The niche that the authors are going after revolves around what motivates a certain group of people, which in this case happens to be millennials on college campuses across America. This source is very applicable to my topic as I am researching the current general patterns of fitness among university students across America. This article offers a great deal of information relating motivation to university student’s exercise habits and motivations. I believe that incorporating the relationship of motivation and physical fitness through this article will bring a unique perspective to my research and will help me develop a deeper, more involved conclusion. The main finding that I was able to come across by reading this article was the ideal that good exercise habits are closely associated with intrinsic and self determined motivation. The fact that general inner motivation is associated with good fitness is obviously an idea that most people would expect to be true, but what caught my attention about this was that the authors of this study were actually able to corroborate this idea through testing. This source is very scholarly as it comes from the Ammons Scientific journal holdings. Obviously, the fact that this article is part of a peer reviewed scientific journal proves its worth as a scholarly journal. Since this article is from a scientific journal, there definitely is more of a technical or complex tone to it. As a result, when using this article to corroborate my overall argument in my research paper, many of the concepts I will be mentioning will need further explanation so that my audience will be able to fully understand the ideas presented. The three authors also are distinguished professors at prominent universities. Student, College (collegestudent). “The only exercise I've done this month is running out of money.” 16 Feb. 2016, 2:40 p.m. Tweet. This source is a simple tweet by @collegestudent and it simply says, “The only exercise I've done this month is running out of money.” This tweet’s purpose is to basically show that college students have many more issues to deal with than just exercising. In fact, this tweet makes it sound like exercise is definitely not a top priority in a college student’s life, where scrounging around for money really is. I found it quite interesting because from being on a campus surrounded with people who do put fitness as one of their top priorities, it was definitely weird to think about the fact that some college students completely neglect their personal health for other ‘more important’ pursuits. This tweet is definitely going to be a very useful nugget of information when making my overall argument as it basically goes completely against the overall general fitness culture here at Santa Clara. This tweet supports the notion that exercise and personal health is about the last thing on a busy college student’s mind. ................
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