EARLY ROME: Myths & Etruscans
EARLY ROME: Myths & Etruscans
I. ORIGINS: (MYTHO-HISTORY); Livy (59B.C.E.-19.C.E.)-myths
A. Main myths: 1. Aeneas as ancestor
a. Flees Troy (Trojan War) ca. 1200 B.C.
b. Dido/Carthage—moves on
c. Italy-settles at Alba Longa
2. Romulus as founder—753 B.C. ab urbe condita
a. Romulus & Remus—spurious birth, abandoned in Tiber
b. Romullus—as adult, kills Remus; founds Rome; first King
c. Rape of Sabine women—need wives at Rome—explaines “mixed” population @Rome
d. Romulus’ death:
1) murdered by his people; or 2) gods snatched him up to heaven
II. Etruscans & Rome:
A. Origins—Asia Minor? (prob.); to N. W. Italy ca. 1200-800 B.C.E.?
B. Advanced Culture:
1. Engineering, builders (arch, roads)
2. Military: had horse & chariot, metal weapons
3. Religion: Ancestor worship, augury; king/priest; belief in Afterlife (tomb art, artifacts)
4. Art: “realistic” style
5. Women—high/”equal” status with men
Evidence: tombs, art, banquets, later literature
III. Etruscans & Early Rome
(Monarchy era: 753-509B.C.E.) (Etruria, Latium)
A. As Neighbors: Northeast, Northwest of Rome (along coast)
1. trade, competition, intermarriage, culture influences
2. conquest of Rome?—last 3 kings of Rome = Etruscan
(Tarquin dynasty in 6th century B.C.E.)
B. As Rulers (kings)—Began Rome’s “urban” society
1. encouraged trade
2. “state” religion—Temple of Jupiter
3. Gov’t. organized: king/priest & Senate
Senate = 300 men=100 from ea. of 3 Tribes; 3 Tribes =30 Curiae; 3 Tribes later = 21 Tribes
4. social organization: a. patricians (patrons) & b. plebeians
5. military organization: (Army) -- earliest = 3000 infantry + 300 cavalry (from the 3 Tribes)
a) cavalry b) infantry (hoplite “centuries”—Servius Tullius );
after ca. 575 B.C. = 60 centuries
C. Monarchy ends, 509 B.C. w/expulsion of Tarquin the Proud
1. Cause: (Myths?): Lucretia’s rape
a) Lucius Brutus drove out Tarquin & formed Res Publica (Republic)
b) Tarquin got neighbor Lars Porcina to attack Rome, but Horatio at bridge (singlehandedly) kept Lars (Etruscans) from bridge until Romans tore it down.
2. Result: Rome becomes anti-monarchy, anti-Etruscan
3. Rome besieges Veii (Etruscan) for 10 yrs;
4. Camillus = 2nd ‘founder’ of Rome, ca. 390 B.C.—bec. Rome defeated Gauls @ Alba River
IV. Problems w/Livy’s history:
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