Quia



Comfort, Rest, and Sleep -Pain

* Comfort, rest, and sleep are needed for well-being.

* The total person is affected by comfort, rest, and sleep problems.

* Discomfort and pain can be physical or emotional.

* Rest and sleep restore energy and well-being.

* Illness and injury increase the need for rest and sleep.

* COMFORT

* These OBRA room requirements promote comfort:

* No more than four persons in a room

* A suspended curtain that goes around the bed for privacy

* A bed of proper height and size for the person

* A clean, comfortable mattress

* Linens (sheets, blankets, spreads) that suit weather and climate

* A clean and orderly room

* An odor-free room

* A room temperature between 71( F and 81( F

* An acceptable noise level

* Adequate ventilation and room humidity

* Appropriate lighting

* PAIN

* Pain or discomfort means to ache, hurt, or be sore.

* Comfort and discomfort are subjective.

* You must rely on what the person says.

* If a person complains of pain or discomfort, the person has pain or discomfort.

* Pain is a warning from the body.

* Acute pain is felt suddenly from injury, disease, trauma, or surgery.

* It usually lasts less than 6 months.

* Chronic pain lasts longer than 6 months.

* There is no longer tissue damage.

* Radiating pain is felt at the site of tissue damage and in nearby areas.

* Phantom pain is felt in a body part that is no longer there.

* Factors affecting pain

* Past experience

* Pain can cause anxiety.

* Anxiety increases how much pain the person feels.

* Rest and sleep

* The more a person thinks about the pain, the worse it seems.

* Personal and family duties affect pain responses.

* The value or meaning of pain

* Support from others

* Culture

* Illness

* Age

* Persons with dementia may not be able to tell you about their pain.

* Report any changes in a person’s usual behavior to the nurse.

* The nurse needs this information to assess the person’s pain:

* Location

* Onset and duration

* Intensity

* Description

* Factors causing pain (precipitating factors)

* Factors affecting pain

* Vital signs

* Other signs and symptoms

* Nursing measures

* The nurse uses the nursing process to promote comfort and relieve pain.

* Distraction means to change the person’s center of attention.

* Relaxation means to be free from mental and physical stress.

* Guided imagery is creating and focusing on an image.

* Doctors often order drugs to control or relieve pain.

* YOU CAN PROMOTE REST BY:

* Meeting physical needs

* Meeting thirst, hunger, and elimination needs

* Assisting the person to a comfortable position and good alignment

* Providing a quiet setting

* Providing a clean, dry, and wrinkle-free bed

* Providing a clean, neat, and uncluttered room

* Meeting safety and security needs

* Keeping the signal light within reach

* Explaining the reasons for care

* Explaining how care is given

* Following the person’s routines and rituals whenever possible

* Promoting love and belonging needs

* Visits or calls from family and friends

* Reading cards and letters

* Promoting self-esteem needs

* Allowing personal choice in sleepwear

* Assisting with hygiene and grooming as needed

* SLEEP IS A BASIC NEED

* It lets the mind and body rest.

* The body saves energy.

* Body functions slow.

* Vital signs are lower than when awake.

* Tissue healing and repair occur.

* Sleep lowers stress, tension, and anxiety.

* It refreshes and renews the person.

* Circadian rhythm is a daily rhythm based on a 24-hour cycle.

* Circadian rhythm includes a sleep-wake cycle.

* Health care often interferes with a person’s circadian rhythm and the sleep-wake cycle.

* There are two phases of sleep.

* NREM sleep (non-REM sleep) is the phase of sleep in which there is no rapid eye movement.

* The rapid eye movement phase is called REM sleep.

* Sleep needs vary for each age-group.

* The amount needed decreases with age.

* Factors affecting sleep

* Illness

* Nutrition

* Exercise

* Environment

* Drugs and other substances

* Lifestyle changes

* Emotional problems

* Insomnia is a chronic condition in which the person cannot sleep or stay asleep all night.

* There are three forms of insomnia:

* Cannot fall asleep

* Cannot stay asleep

* Awakens early and cannot fall back asleep

* With sleep deprivation, the amount and quality of sleep are decreased.

* Sleepwalking

* The person leaves the bed and walks about.

* The person is not aware of sleepwalking.

* The event may last 3 to 4 minutes or longer.

* You need to protect the person from injury and falling; guide the person back to bed and waken the person gently.

* Promoting sleep

* The nurse assesses the person’s sleep patterns.

* Measures are planned to promote sleep.

* Follow the care plan.

* Report your observations about how the person slept.

* The person is involved in planning care.

* In persons with Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias:

* Night wandering is common.

* Restlessness and confusion often increase at night.

* QUALITY OF LIFE

* Comfort, rest, and sleep are needed for quality of life and well-being.

* OBRA has requirements that promote comfort, rest, and sleep.

* The right to personal choice and taking part in planning care promote comfort, rest, and sleep.

* Residents have the right to have pain assessed and managed.

................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download