PACKET 4



Truman Bowl II

Round IV: Bulldog Fights the Russian

Packet by: EVERYONE!!

This Anatolian empire was known for its ironworking and chariots. Their name appears in the Bible when Abraham buys a tomb for his wife Sarah from a group of these people, and they once sacked Babylon. For 10 points, name the people who fought Ramesses II at the Battle of Kadesh in 1274 B.C.

ANSWER: the Hittites

This composer born in 1685 in Germany and studied music at St. Michael’s school near Hamburg. He later became an organist at St. Boniface’s Church in Arnstadt. He later on went to compose such works such as St. Matthew Passion, Magnificat, the English and French Suites. For 10 points name this German composer, famous for the Brandenburg concertos.

ANSWER: Johann Sebastian Bach

This 2009 event was the first time it had taken place since 2003, the longest such period in the history of the World Series. Phillies starter Pedro Martinez was taken out after just four innings. Hideki Matsui tied the World Series record for most RBIs in a single game, while Ryan Howard’s strikeout in the top of the eighth set a record for most strikeouts in a World Series with 13. FTP, name this game of the 2009 World series between the Philadelphia Phillies and the New York Yankees, the game that saw the Yankees franchise clinch their 27th World Series title.

ANSWER: Game 6

They are used in physics in geometrical optics and in computer graphics to project a three-dimensional space on a two-dimensional screen. In addition to a long history of solving linear equations, this mathematical tool can also be used to solve simultaneous equations Modern interpretation of these did not emerge until 1858, though it wouldn’t be until the early 1900s that these would attain a central role in linear algebra. FTP, name this rectangular array of numbers.

ANSWER: matrix [or matrices]

This god from Ancient Egyptian mythology was originally the god of the desert, storms, and chaos. Several myths portray his conflict with Horus. For 10 points, name this god who, according to myth, killed his brother Osiris and cut his corpse into pieces.

ANSWER: Set (also accept Seth)

It was first studied in 1944 for the paper “’Autistic Psychopathy’ in Childhood,” though its current name was not widely used until 1981. Children participating in the experiment were called ‘Little Professors’ by the namesake of the disorder, as they would often use a pedantic choice of words when speaking. FTP, name this autism spectrum disorder, often blurred with high-functioning autism, which is characterized by a lack of emotional development and social interaction while there is usually no significant delay in language skills or other cognitive function.

ANSWER: Asperger's Syndrome (prompt on High-Functioning Autism before it is mentioned

Though it incorporates many traditional spiritual practices, this religion did emerge as a formalized institution until the arrival of Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism in the sixth century. In this religion, actions are of a higher importance than words. Another defining characteristic of this religion is its followers’ belief in the existence of “kami.” Also known as kami-no-michi, FTP name this natural spirituality of Japanese people whose name means “Way of the Gods.”

ANSWER: Shinto

The image of this painting was featured on the franc in the early 1990s and inspired George Antheil’s Symphony No. 6. A woman in a torn yellow dress and Phrygian cap is the central figure of this painting. Two young men stand on either side of her, while more follow behind. FTP, name this July 1830 work by Eugene Delacroix.

ANSWER: Liberty Leading the People

Dietrich Gustrow claimed that this man’s later actions in life were attributed to an incident in the First World War when he was supposedly castrated after trying to urinate into the mouth of a goat. This man’s niece Geli Raubel eventually committed suicide after carrying on an affair with this man. A play by George Steiner describes how this man was found hiding in the jungles of Brazil, while in real life he broke his shoulder after a failed uprising he led with Erich Ludendorff in 1923, and the so-called 614 Mitzvoth commands Jews not to grant this man any posthumous victories. For 10 points, name this man who served as Fuhrer of Nazi Germany, the chief instigator of WWII.

ANSWER: Adolf Hitler

Formed during the Amazonian epoch, this volcano is roughly three times as tall as Mount Everest. This mountain slopes at an angle of only 2.5 degrees around its central dome and 5 degrees outside that. Located on the Tharsis bulge near Arsia Mons, Pavonis Mons and Ascraeus Mons, FTP name this largest volcano and mountain in the solar system, located on the surface of Mars.

ANSWER: Olympus Mons [or Mount Olympus]

He joined the Association of Socialist School Students in Vienna in 1919, though he would eventually come to reject Marxism for its materialism and disregard for the value of human life. Six years after earning a Ph.D. in psychology, he published The Logic of Scientific Discovery in which he criticized overreliance on inductive reasoning and logical positivism and suggested the use of critical rationalism. FTP, identify this knighted philosopher who proposed the doctrine of falsification.

ANSWER: Sir Karl Popper

During his undergrad years he worked for Senator J. William Fulbright. After serving as a professor at the University of Arkansas, he made an unsuccessful bid for the House of Representatives in 1974, but two years later ran successfully for Attorney General of his home state. His administration saw the passage of the Family and Medical Leave Act and the Brady Bill. FTP, name this 42nd president of the United States.

ANSWER: William Jefferson Clinton

Published in 1961, this children’s adventure novel has been compared to Lewis Carroll’s Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland series in appeal and importance. Various stage plays, an opera, a work for orchestra, and an animated film based on the whole or part of this work where one character meets the Mathematician and helps himself to some subtraction soup. Events in the book, like the main character’s jump to the island of Conclusions, are the result of taking English idioms literally. Written by Norton Juster, FTP, name this modern fairy tale that follows the adventures of Milo, Tock the “watchdog,” and the Humbug through the Kingdom of Wisdom.

ANSWER: The Phantom Tollbooth

This Supreme Court case upheld the New York state law that made it a crime to advocate the duty, need, or appropriateness of overthrowing government by force or violence, though its more significant impact on American judicial history is based on a secondary ruling in the case. Partly reversing the decision in Barron v. Baltimore that federal courts could not stop the enforcement of state laws that infringed upon rights provided in the Constitutional Bill of Rights, the decision in this case began a trend towards complete reversal. Starting a policy of applying certain Bill of Rights protections to state governments, FTP, name this 1925 case that created the idea of selective incorporation.

ANSWER: Gitlow v. New York

Before its 1902 publication this novella appeared as a three-part series in Blackwood’s Magazine. Written in a frame narrative format, or story-within-a-story, an unnamed narrator relates Charles Marlow’s account of his journey in Africa. Marlow takes a foreign assignment from a Belgian trading company as a ferry-boat captain on an unnamed river, FTP, in what British novella by Joseph Conrad?

ANSWER: Heart of Darkness

This singer’s pupils are two different sizes as a result of a schoolyard fight in 1962. He collaborated with Bing Crosby in 1982 on the Christmas tune “Peace on Earth/Little Drummer Boy” and with Mick Jagger in 1985 on a cover of “Dancing in the Street”, although his most well-known collaboration was produced in 1981 with a prominent British rock band.  Besides this singer’s five active decades of musical influence, this man has also had a film career including such roles as Nikola Tesla in 2006’s The Prestige and Jareth the Goblin King in Labyrinth in 1986. FTP, name this wacky glam rocker who has released songs including “Golden Years,” “Ziggy Stardust”, “Space Oddity”, and the Queen collaboration “Under Pressure”

ANSWER: David Bowie

This man was notable for the murders and 1914 fire at his house. He was, however, probably more notable for his work. He developed the concept of the Usonian house and was a big contributor to the Prairie School. FTP, name this proponent of “organic” architecture, whose most famous designs include the Robie House, the Guggenheim museum in New York City, and Fallingwater.

ANSWER: Frank Lloyd Wright [do not accept “Lloyd Wright,” because that’s his son]

This state of matter was predicted seventy years before it was created. It is formed when certain particles of a gas are cooled to temperatures very near absolute zero. For 10 points, name this state of matter named after the two physicists who first predicted it in the 1920s.

ANSWER: Bose-Einstein condensate

This game was part of a round robin that would help determine what spot the US would get in the medal round and were the underdogs since the other team won gold medals since 1960. This game was scheduled to take place at 5 pm but ABC decided to tape-delay the game until 8 pm due to it’s popularity. It inspired a movie released in 2004 staring Kurt Russell. For 10 points, name this hockey game between the United States and the Soviet Union that took place in Lake Placid, NY and resulted in a victory for the US.

ANSWER: Miracle on Ice

This British scientist made many significant contributions to science, with her work on RNA, tobacco mosaic virus, polio, coal, graphite, and X-Ray crystallography. Her work helped lead to the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA, which she has never fully received credit for, due to her untimely death of ovarian cancer at the age of 37. FTP name this female collaborator of Watson and Crick.

ANSWER: Rosalind Franklin

EXTRA- USE IN CASE OF TIE

This adventure novel features a wealthy English gentleman named Phileas Fogg who makes a wager to travel across the globe. This journey leads him to exotic places such as Egypt, India, and Japan. For 10 points each, name this work by Jules Verne published in 1873?

ANSWER: Around the World in 80 Days

This chemical property generally increases moving left to right across and decreases moving down the Periodic Table. First proposed by Linus Pauling, fluorine and cesium have the highest and lowest, respectively, of this property. For 10 points, name this property that describes the ability of an atom to attract electrons.

ANSWER: Electronegativity

He wrote in one of his poems, “If I ever cursed my white old man/I take my curses back.” In another he discusses the color of a writing assignment he received from his instructor. The ashes of this Joplin, Missouri native are buried beneath a floor medallion with a design entitled Rivers, taken from one of his most famous poems. FTP, name this author and poet, best known for Theme for English B, The Negro Speaks of Rivers, and as the preeminent poet of the Harlem Renaissance.

ANSWER: Langston Hughes

This Mongol founded the Yuan dynasty in China. His two failed attempts to invade Japan were attributed to “divine wind” by the Japanese. For 10 points, name this grandson of Genghis Khan.

ANSWER: Kublai Khan

BONI

The play opens with Estragon struggling to pull off his boot. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this existential play set entirely in one location, by a lone tree.

ANSWER: Waiting for Godot

[10] This Irish author of Waiting for Godot also wrote such plays as Endgame and Not I.

ANSWER: Samuel Beckett

[10] Beckett also wrote an epistemological essay about this title man, a writer who is also the namesake of a personality questionnaire and is famous for his Remembrance of Things Past.

ANSWER: Marcel Proust

He was the third of the Five Good Emperors. For 10 points:

[10] Name this Roman Emperor who had a wall built across northern England.

ANSWER: Hadrian

[10] Name his predecessor, who brought Roman rule to its greatest extent and erected a famous column that bears his name which commemorated his conquest of what is now Romania.

ANSWER: Trajan

[10] Hadrian rebuilt this building, which had originally been built during the reign of Augustus Caesar. It is well known for its concrete dome and has served as a church since the 7th century AD. Its name means “All of the Gods.”

ANSWER: the Pantheon

Though he did not set out to rebel against tradition, Auguste Rodin is often considered the progenitor of modern sculpture. FTP each:

[10] Name the work, one of Rodin’s most recognized, originally titled “The Poet” and intended to depict Dante pondering his great poem in front of the gates of Hell. It is often used to represent philosophy or the inner struggle.

ANSWER: The Thinker [or Le Penseur]

[10] This marble sculpture by Rodin depicts Francesca of Dante’s Inferno, and her lover, Paolo. A bronze version of this sculpture was sent for display at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, but was deemed too erotic and provocative for public display.

ANSWER: The Kiss [or Le Baiser]

[10] Rodin designed this monumental bronze portal for Decorative Arts Museum. The piece, themed as an homage to Dante’s Inferno, features smaller versions of other, independently cast Rodin pieces, such as The Thinker and The Kiss.

ANSWER: The Gates of Hell [or La Porte de l’Enfer]

FTP each, answer some questions about units of measurement that might be used in a high school physics classroom.

[10] The SI unit for electromotive force, this quantity is equal to the joules of energy divided by the coulombs of charge.

ANSWER: volt [or voltage]

[10] The SI unit of electric current, it is named for a French mathematician and physicist, considered to be the father of electrodynamics. This value is equal to coulombs of charge passing a given point per second.

ANSWER: ampere [or amp]

[10] Represented by the Greek letter Omega, this is the SI unit for resistance. This value of a resistor is equal to the voltage across the resistor divided by the coulombs of charge passing through it.

ANSWER: ohm

Many ancient mythologies considered animals to be sacred, powerful, and often the embodiments of gods. FTP each, answer some questions about animals in mythology.

[10] A five-headed version was the symbol of the Chinese emperor, and most Japanese ones were believed to be water deities. St. George famously battled one to save the daughter of an English king.

ANSWER: dragon

[10] The famous sorcerer, Merlin, takes his name from one type of this animal, while in Native American mythology it is a sign of good luck if one follows you. In Greek mythology, this animal was the bird of Hera, and in Egyptian mythology, the gods of war and the sun shared heads of this animal, as did many depictions of the famous sphinx.

ANSWER: hawk

[10] T his animal is a symbol of power in Indian mythology, while in Japan it was the emblem of the warrior class and said to live 1000 years. Often featured in Chinese mythology, this animal is the current Zodiac sign and known as the “Lord of the Land Animals.”

ANSWER: tiger

Identify these George Eliot novels for ten points each:

[10] This novel is subtitled The Weaver of Raveloe and features the title character living as a hermit and eventually adopting a child, Eppie.

ANSWER: Silas Marner

[10] This novel’s title is a reference to the fictitious town in which Dorothea Brooke, Fred Vincy, and the Reverend Edward Casaubon live and dream.

ANSWER: Middlemarch

[10] Originally published in three volumes, this novel centers on the lives of Tom and Maggie Tulliver as they grow up on the titular river.

ANSWER: The Mill on the Floss

Name some things related to the War of 1812, for 10 points each:

[10] John Quincy Adams was the chief American negotiator on this treaty, signed in its namesake European city to end the war in 1814.

ANSWER: Treaty of Ghent

[10] Americans Thomas MacDonough and Alexander Macomb were victorious at this September 1814 naval battle in upstate New York.

ANSWER: Battle of Lake Champlain [or Battle of Plattsburgh]

[10] Discontented Federalists met in this 1815 convention in its namesake city to discuss the possibility of secession from the union due to the unpopularity of the war in a certain region of the country.

ANSWER: Hartford Convention

How arcane! How abstruse! For 10 points each, name these oft-forgotten countries that begin with the latter “A”.

[10] This microstate was created was formed in 1278 and is a co-principality with the President of France and the Bishop of Urgell in Catalonia, Spain.

ANSWER: Andorra

[10] This southeastern European country was once under the dictatorial rule of Enver Hoxha but is now a parliamentary democracy. Its capital is Tirana.

ANSWER: Albania

[10] This former Soviet republic is a predominantly Muslim state and is bordered by the Caspian Sea to the east. Its capital is Baku.

ANSWER: Azerbaijan

For 10 points each, identify the following about a British political philosopher:

[10] This man served as tutor to the Cavendish family, and was a supporter of Charles I during the English Civil War. His most famous work posits a state of nature where life is “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.”

ANSWER: Thomas Hobbes

[10] That famous quote is from this work, often considered Hobbes’ masterpiece. This work takes its name from a giant sea monster in the Book of Revelation.

ANSWER: Leviathan

[10] Hobbes was criticized both by Locke and this Frenchman, who wrote in his masterpiece The Social Contract that “man is born free, yet everywhere he is in chains.”

ANSWER: Jean Jacques Rousseau

Identify the following cross-dressing women who appear in the works of Shakespeare for 10 points each:

[10] She disguises herself as the youth Cesario before falling in love with the Duke Orsino. This heroine of Twelfth Night is later mistaken for her twin brother Sebastian, who has married the Lady Olivia.

ANSWER: Viola

[10] This heiress of Belmont dresses up as a judge to out wit Shylock to save her husband’s friend Antonio in The Merchant of Venice.

ANSWER: Portia

[10] This most verbose of all Shakespeare heroines dresses up as a boy called Ganymede in As You Like It.

ANSWER: Rosalind

For 10 points each, name these Renaissance painters.

[10] This quintessential Italian painter is known for his infamous broken nose, as well as his masterpieces such as the “Pietà”, and the “Creation of Adam.”

ANSWER: Michelangelo or Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simon

[10] An Italian artist, his most famous works include the “Adoration of the Magi”, “Primavera”, and the “Birth of Venus.”

ANSWER: Sandro Botticelli or Alessandro di Mariano Filipepi or Il Botticello

[10] This Italian Renaissance artist, he made a bronze “David”, as well as a statue of Saint George, and the Equestrian Monument of Gattamelata.

ANSWER: Donatello or Donato di Niccolò di Betto Bardi

Given the abbreviation, name the element for 10 points each.

[10] Ag

ANSWER: Silver

[10] Cs

ANSWER: Cesium

[10] Tb

ANSWER: Terbium

Each of these cities were conquered after a siege. For 10 points, name these cities:

[10] This Anatolian city was besieged for ten years before subterfuge in the form of a hollow wooden horse won the day, according to a Greek epic.

ANSWER: Troy

[10] This city was located on an island in the middle of a lake, where it was the Aztec capital until it was captured by the Spanish in 1521. Mexico City was built on the site of what city?

ANSWER: Tenochtitlan

[10] Besieged and conquered by Alexander the Great in 332 B.C., this Phoenician city was known for its expensive purple dye.

ANSWER: Tyre

Name these Romantic period composers, for 10 points each.

[10] He was a Finnish composer, who is known for such famous works as “The Swan of Tuonela”, “Valse Triste”, and “Finlandia.”

ANSWER: Jean Sibelius

[10] A Czech composer, some of his most recognizable works include “Cello Concerto in B minor, Op. 104, B. 191”, and his “New World Symphony.”

ANSWER: Antonín Dvořák

[10] A Norwegian composer, he composed such works as “Piano Concerto in A Minor, Op. 16”, and music for Peer Gynt.

ANSWER: Edvard Grieg

FTP each, identify these characters from the 1991 Disney film Beauty and the Beast.

[10] This villain is voiced by Richard White and boasts that he is “roughly the size of a barge” and “especially good at expectorating.” Name this narcissistic hunter.

ANSWER: Gaston

[10] Angela Lansbury is the voice of this piece of kitchenware. She sings the title song as Belle and the Beast whirl around the ballroom before saying “it’s off to the cupboard with you now” to her yawning son Chip.

ANSWER: Mrs. Potts

[10] Jerry Orbach provides the voice for this character, who attempts to teach the Beast how to waltz and is the leader of the enchanted castle’s defense against a lynch mob. This candelabra encourages Belle to “be our guest.”

ANSWER: Lumiere

His exploits include rescuing the lovely Molly Stark from a raging river, and a central episode features him hanging his best friend Steve for stealing cattle.  For 10 points each:

[10] Name this man, the titular figure of a novel published in 1902 revolving around a highly exaggerated version of the Johnson County War in 1890s Wyoming.  The novel is structured as an anthology of stories featuring this man, the first fully realized cowboy hero.

ANSWER:  The Virginian

[10] The Virginian is the best known work of this man, whose other works include the novels Hank’s Woman, Lady Baltimore, and the volume of poetry Done in the Open.  He dedicated most of his works to Teddy Roosevelt, with whom he had a close friendship.

ANSWER:  Owen Wister

[10] The Virginian’s nemesis is this unsavory character and cattle thief, whom the Virginian first encounters in a tense game of cards.  He is later shot dead by the Virginian in a shootout.

ANSWER:  Trampas

Including the pedosphere and hydrosphere, the physical geography of the Earth is divided into five sections. FTP each:

[10] Name this category of physical geography, named for the Greek word for “stone,” which comprises the crust and the portion of the upper mantle that behaves elastically on time scales of thousands of years or greater.

ANSWER: lithosphere

[10] This section of Earth’s physical geography is divided into five layers of its own, the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere. It also protects life on Earth by absorbing ultraviolet solar radiation, warming the surface through heat retention, and reducing temperature extremes between day and night.

ANSWER: atmosphere

[10] Put simply, this category can be considered the total sum of all ecosystems on Earth. More broadly speaking, this is the global ecological system integrating all living beings and their relationships, including their interaction with the elements of the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere.

ANSWER: biosphere

For 10 points each, name these bands who achieved success in the 1980’s.

[10] This British music group, comprised of Dave Stewart and Annie Lennox, is known for such albums as Revenge and Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This).

ANSWER: Eurythmics

[10] This Australian group with front man Colin Hays had their debut album with Business as Usual, and is known for such songs as “Down Under” and “Overkill.”

ANSWER: Men at Work

[10] This Canadian group is known for such songs as “Pop Goes the World,” and perhaps their most famous song “Safety Dance”.

ANSWER: Men Without Hats

It’s raining feline and canine animals! Wait, that’s not the expression. Feline and canine are, however, some examples of adjectives describing families of animals, respectively referring to members of the cat and dog families. FTP each, answer some questions about other animal adjectives.

[10] This word is also used as an adjective to describe behavior that is devoid of intelligence or irrational and refers to a relative of the horse. This type of animal was often used for the transport of goods in the southwest United States.

ANSWER: asinine [do not accept “donkey”]

[10] Inspiring the name of a Hogwarts professor, this adjective can also mean ravenous. The creatures that to which this term refers were often featured in Native American mythology, as brothers or hunting idols in some cultures while as omens of illness and/or death in others.

ANSWER: lupine [do not accept “wolf”]

[10] Nine-tailed members of the family which this adjective describes have been prominently featured in pop culture, from being a central figure in the Naruto series to inspiring the visage of certain Pokémon. The animals this term describes are often characterized as sly or cunning, while Japanese folklore depicts them as having magical abilities, like that to assume human form.

ANSWER: vulpine [do not accept “fox”]

In verses 7:10 of this book, the author admonishes the reader “not to ask why the past days were better than the present, for that is a stupid question” and often writes in the superlative form “Vanities of vanities, all is vanity.” For 10 points each:

[10] The author of this book writes that there is nothing new under the sun, and that one should fear God and keep his commandments.  This book of the Hebrew Bible is often placed between Proverbs and the Song of Solomon.

ANSWER:  Ecclesiastes

[10] This author of Ecclesiastes introduces himself as “son of David, and King in Jerusalem,” leading some to theorize that the author was King Solomon himself, though that claim is disputed.  In the original Hebrew, the title of the book is actually the name of this man, its narrator.

ANSWER:  Qohelet [or Qoheleth; Kohelet; Coheleth]

[10] Ecclesiastes is often read on the holiday of Shemini Atzeret, often mistaken as the eighth day of this festival, celebrated on the 15th of Tishrei.  In observance of this holiday Jews construct and reside in makeshift huts, symbolizing the 40 years of wandering in the desert after the Exodus.

ANSWER:  Sukkot [or Feast of Booths; Feast of the Tabernacles] 

EXTRA- USE IN CASE OF TIE

For 10 points each, name these musical techniques, often used by string players.

[10] This style of playing is primarily used in string instruments, where players pluck the strings, as opposed to playing with their bow.

ANSWER: Pizzicato [prompt on pizz.]

[10] In string players, this technique is accomplished by sliding their finger up or down the fingerboard without lifting their finger.

ANSWER: Glissando [prompt on gliss.]

[10] In this style of string playing, musicians must play by using the wood of the bow instead of the hair.

ANSWER: Col legno

Name these psychologists, described by some of their landmark, yet controversial experiments for 10 points each.

[10] A pioneer of psychology, and a leading behaviorist, his controversial “Little Albert” experiment showed stimulus generalization.

ANSWER: John Watson

[10] This American psychologist studied obedience in his controversial experiment where he observed participants who shocked confederates during a learning experiment and thought they had given lethal amounts of voltage.

ANSWER: Stanley Milgram

[10] This psychologist is known for his infamous Stanford Prison Experiment and the Lucifer Effect.

ANSWER: Phillip Zimbardo

For 10 points each, name these commanders that were present at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815.

[10] This man was born in Corsica. He served as an artillery officer, First Consul, and Emperor of the French before his final defeat at Waterloo.

ANSWER: Napoleon Bonaparte

[10] This man served in India and the Peninsular Campaign before Waterloo. He also served as Prime Minister

ANSWER: Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington

[10] He led the Prussian forces at Waterloo. A ship named after him was sunk during the German invasion of Norway in the Second World War.

ANSWER: Gerhard von Blücher

For 10 points each, name these scientists who all developed vaccines.

[10] A French chemist, he developed a vaccine for rabies, and developed the process that bears his name.

ANSWER: Louis Pasteur

[10] An American scientist, he did significant work concerning polio, and eventually developed a vaccine for it.

ANSWER: Jonas Salk

[10] This English scientist noticed that people who were exposed to cowpox showed immunity to smallpox, and eventually developed a vaccine for smallpox.

ANSWER: Edward Jenner

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