And Drugs of Overview Minnesota in Prison

OverviewofDrugsand PrisoninMinnesota

P R E S E N TAT I O N T O P R I S O N P O P U L AT I O N TA S K F O R C E S E N. RO N L ATZ &R E P.TO NY CO R N I S H , CO C H A I RS NOVEMBER18,2015 N AT E R E I T Z , M S G C E X E C U T I V E D I R E C T O R

MINNESOTASENTENCINGGUIDELINESCOMMISSION

Over52,000Minnesotansareadmitted forsubstanceabusetreatmentannually

2014treatmentadmissionsbysubstanceofabuse(SOURCE:SAMHSA)

Amphetamines 17%

Alcohol+secondary drug 18%

Marijuana Heroin

16%

10%

Otheropiates 8% Cocaine 3%

Alcoholonly 26%

Tranquilizers,sedatives, hallucinogens, inhalants,PCP, other/unknown 2%

11/18/2015

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Nationalriseindrugoverdosedeaths

Nationaloverdosedeathsfromselectprescriptionandillicitdrugs (SOURCE:NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE)

40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000

5,000 0

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

RxOpioidPainRelievers RxBenzodiazepines Cocaine Heroin

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30yeartrendsinnationalarrestratesfor drugpossessionvs.sale

U.S.arrestrates,drugpossession/useanddrugsale (SOURCE:BUREAU OF JUSTICE STATISTICS)

500

Possessionarrestrate

400

300

Salearrestrate

200

100

0

Arrestsper100,000

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13foldriseindrugimprisonmentin33yrs.

accordingtonationalsentencingreformadvocacygroup

250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000

50,000

Numberofpeopleinprisonsandjailsfordrugoffenses,1980and2013

(SOURCE:THE SENTENCING PROJECT,USING BUREAU OF JUSTICE STATISTICS DATA)

2013, 210,200

2013, 180,600

2013, 98,200

1980, 19,000 U.S.stateprisons

1980, 4,700 Federalprisons

1980 2013

1980, 17,200 U.S.jails

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PRISONPOPULATION (EXCLUDESPSIHOLDS)(SOURCE:MNDOC)

Minnesota'sdrugcrimeprisoner populationtripledfrom19982005

10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000

Minn.stateprisonpopulationbyoffensetype,19982015

Total,1998, 5,485 Other,1998, 334

Drug Person Property DWI Weapons Other Total,2005, 8,708

Total,2015, 10,090 Other,2015, 454

Weapons,2015, 683

DWI,2015, 683 Property,2015, 1,144

Property,1998, 1,079

Person,2015, 5,215

2,000

1998

Person,1998, 3,368 Drug,1998, 704 1999 2000 2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Drug,2005, 2,178 2006 2007 2008

2009

2010

2011

Drug,2015, 1,911 2012 2013 2014

2015

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In2014,mostMinn.prisontimefordrug crimeswaslinkedtoamphetamines(meth)

Drugtype,ascodedoncriminalcomplaints

Drugcrimeprisonbeds

(ofsentencesexecutedin2014)

0

200

400

600

800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800

20%,Cocaine

7%,Heroin 3%,Syn.narcotic

65%,Meth/ amphetamine

2%,Marijuana

1%,Hallucinogen 2%,Other/unknown

Sale(incl.methmfg.andpossessionofprecursors) Possession(incl.methcrimesinchild'spresence)

Raceofoccupantsofdrugcrimeprisonbeds

(sentenced2014) 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

(Minnadults.,2010) Meth/amphetamine

Cocaine Heroin Syntheticnarcotic Marijuana Hallucinogen Other/unknown Totalofalldrugbeds (Minn.prisoners,2015)

White Black AmericanIndian Hispanic Asian Other

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Sentencingin1st and2ndDegree drugcases

Therestofthispresentationwillfocus almostexclusivelyonsentencingfor 1stand2ndDegreecontrolled substancecrime

Why?

? Mostserious,andmoststudied, drugoffenses

? Prisonpresumedinallcases

? Mostprisonbeds,comparedto otherdegrees

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Prisonbedsfromsentencesexecuted201214

5thDegree 14%

4thDegree 2%

1stDegree 33%

3rdDegree 18%

2ndDegree 33%

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Fewerthanhalfof1stand2ndDegree drugoffendersgetpresumptivesentence

1STDEGREEDRUGSENTENCES,201214

2NDDEGREEDRUGSENTENCES,201214

Sentencenotexecuted (mitigateddisposition)

37%

Nomitigated departure (executed sentence) 34%

Sentencenotexecuted (mitigateddisposition)

34%

Nomitigated departure (executed sentence) 45%

11/18/2015

Executed,but mitigated duration 29%

Executed,but mitigatedduration

21%

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Reasonsforthesedeparturesvary

MOSTCOMMONREASONSFORDEPARTURE PROSECUTOR'SPOSITIONONDEPARTURE

Cooperationwithpolice Cleanrecord

Savetaxpayerstrialcosts

Noposition recorded 21%

Prosecutor objects 18%

Crimelessseriousthanordinary

Minorroleincrime

Longersupervision

Courtservicesrecommends

Amenabletotreatment,etc.

Amenabletoprobation/rehab Remorse/acceptsresponsibility

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

Prosecutordoes notobject 61%

All1stand2ndDegreedrugsentenceswithamitigateddeparture,201214

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