T
TEAK
Traveling Engineering Activity Kits
[pic]
Biomedical Engineering Kit: Laparoscopic Surgery
Laparoscopic Surgery Activity
Instructor Preparation Guide: Laparoscopic Surgery Activity
Bioengineering Overview
Bioengineering is the application of engineering principles to address challenges in the fields of biology and medicine. Bioengineering is the application of the principles of engineering design to the full spectrum of living systems.
Laparoscopic Surgery Overview
Laparoscopic surgery is a minimally invasive surgery that is performed through small incisions rather than large incisions as needed in traditional surgeries. Laparoscopic surgery belongs to the larger field of endoscopy. They key element in laparoscopic surgery is the use of a laparoscope. There are two types of laparoscopes:. tThe first type of laparoscope includes a telescopic rod lens systems that is connected to a video camera, and. t The second type is a digital laparoscope, where a charge-coupled device is placed at the end of the scope eliminating the need for the rod lens system. Some of the advantages of laparoscopic surgery are: reduced blood loss, smaller incisions, less recovery time from surgery, and a shortened hospital stay. Disadvantages to this form of surgery are: injuries to blood vessels or the large bowel, electrical burns, and CO2 gas in the abdominal cavity.
Teamwork Overview
Teamwork is a joint act completed by two or more people, in which the individual persons puts aside their own goals and opinions for the common goal and unity of the group. While the emphasis of teamwork is on the team and the goals of the team, it does not mean that the individual persons areis unimportant. Especially in engineering, the knowledge and values that an individual person has can add great value to the work done by the team. Many engineering teams are multidisciplinary, meaning that they involve different types of engineers. Since the knowledge and skill set acquired by one type of engineer is so different from that of another type of engineer (i.e. mechanical to electrical), it is beneficial to have a team to have with many different engineers on it.
Figure 1.0: Laparoscopic Instruments Figure 1.1: Laparoscope
[pic] [pic]
Resources
•
• Encyclopedia of Super Molecular Chemistry:
•
Image Resources
• Figure 1.0:
Date: February 1, 2009
Time: 1:15pm
• Figure 1.1:
Date: February 1, 2009
Time: 1:17 pm
Activity Preparation Guide – Laparoscopic Surgery
Overview
The main focus of this kit is the importance of teamwork in both the engineering and medical fields. It contains activities to help students gain a better understanding of how working together is necessary to develop new procedures, design surgical instrumentation, and successfully complete surgeries. It also allows students to see how various aspects of engineering can relate to one activity.
Learning Objectives
By the end of this lesson, students should be able to…:
• Explain what teamwork is and why it is important.
• Explain what laparoscopic surgery is.
• Discuss the differences in laparoscopic tool designs.
Engineering Connection
Engineering is a multifaceted field, often requiring the skills of many different types of engineers in order to meet a design goal. Therefore, it is important that all engineers know the value of teamwork, and practice it on a daily basis. Engineers also must be fully aware of the environment for which they are designing. Through innovative biomedical designs, engineers are changing how modern surgeries are performed and dramatically improving the quality of life for surgical patients.
Activity Descriptions
A. Laparoscopic Surgery Activity: 45 Minutes
During this activity, groups of students will work together as surgical teams to maneuver and manipulate items within a shoebox. The four roles that the students will assume are surgeon, mirror operator, timer, and lighting specialist. By allowing the students to rotate and perform each of the four roles, they will learn how to effectively communicate within a team environment.
B. Teamwork Activity: 10-15 Minutes
Teamwork is an intricate part of the both the surgical and engineering working environments. During this activity, the students will break into groups and complete an activity that will help them recognize teamwork. The activity will also prepare them to work as a surgical team in the next activity.
C. Laparoscopic Tool Design Activity: 10 Minutes
After completing the laparoscopic surgery activity, the students will get a chance to redesign their laparoscopic tool. Using the knowledge they gained from surgery, they will make changes to the tool to make it easier to use.
Student Engineering Team Roles:
Surgeon – Performs the given task within the surgical “black box”.
Mirror Operator – Operates and positions the mirror throughout the surgery by working with the surgeon to ensure his/her visibility.
Timer – Records the amount of time it takes for the surgeon to complete the given task.
Lighting Specialist – Provides a light source in the black box for the mirror operator to see the materials that the surgeon must manipulate.
New York State Learning Standards
|MST |1 |E |Engineering |
| | | |Design |
|Discuss how best to test the solution; perform the test under teacher supervision; record and portray results through numerical and|
|graphic means; discuss orally why things worked or did not work; and summarize results in writing, suggesting ways to make the |
|solution better |
|MST |1 |E |Engineering |
| | | |Design |
|Plan and build, under supervision, a model of the solution using familiar materials, processes, and hand tools |
New York State Technology Learning Standards
a. Standard 1: Engineering Design
1. Under supervision, manipulate components of a simple, malfunctioning device to improve its performance.
b. Standard 2: Information Systems
2. Use a variety of equipment and software packages to process, display, and communicate information in different forms using text, pictures, and sound.
c. Standard 5: Tools, Resources, and Technological Processes
3. Use a variety of tools and energy sources to construct things.
4. Develop basic skills in the use of hand tools.
5. Understand the importance of safety and ease of use in selecting tools and resources for a specific purpose.
d. Standard 5: Computer Technology
6. Use the computer as a tool.
e. Standard 5: Impact of Technology
7. Demonstrate that certain technologies have safety issues.
f. Standard 5: Management of Technology
8. Work cooperatively with others on a joint task.
New York State Science Learning Standards
a. Intermediate Standard 1: Analysis, Inquiry, and Design.
9. T1.1: Identify needs and opportunities for technical solutions to from an investigation of situations of general or social interest.
10. T1.1a: Identify a scientific or human need that is subject to a technological solution that applies scientific principles.
11. T1.3a: Identify alternative solutions base on the constraints of the design.
12. MST1: Students represent, present, and defend their proposed explanations of everyday observations so that they can be understood and assessed by others.
b. Intermediate Standard 6: Interconnectedness
13. 1.2: Describe the differences and similarities between among engineering systems, natural systems, and social systems.
14. 1.4: Describe how the output of one part of a system can become the input to other parts.
New York State Math Learning Standards
a. 6th Grade Standards
15. Students will solve problems that arise in mathematics and in other contexts.
16. Students will apply and adopt a variety of appropriate strategies to solve problems.
17. Students will organize and consolidate their mathematical thinking through communication.
18. Students will collect, organize, display, and analyze data.
Resources
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Laparoscopic Surgery
[pic]
DURATION
60-70 Minutes
CONCEPTS
Bioengineering
Biomedical Applications
Teamwork
Laparoscopic Tool Design
Bioengineering Discussion: 2 Minutes
Background Information:
Bioengineering is the application of engineering principles to address challenges in the fields of biology and medicine. Bioengineering is the application of the principles of engineering design to the full spectrum of living systems.
Group Discussion:
(Pose the following questions to the group and let the discussion flow naturally… try to give positive feedback to each child that contributes to the conversation)
What do you think bio (biology) means?
• The study of life and a branch of the natural sciences that studies living organisms and how they interact with each other and their environment.
• The study of the environment.
• The study of living organisms and living systems.
What do you think engineering is? What do you think it means to be an engineer?
• A technical profession that applies skills in:
o Math
o Science
o Technology
o Materials
o Structures
Discuss with the students what bioengineering is and the broad scope of areas that bioengineering includes. For this discussion, provide students with examples of bioengineered products and applications.
• Bioengineering is the application of engineering principles in the fields of medicine, biology, robotics, and other living systems.
• Examples of products that have been bioengineered for Laparoscopic Surgery are:
o Laparoscopic Tools/Instruments
o Laparoscope
Laparoscopic Surgery Discussion: 5 Minutes
Background Information:
Laparoscopic surgery is a minimally invasive surgery that is performed through small incisions rather than large incisions as needed in traditional surgeries. Laparoscopic surgery belongs to the larger field of endoscopy. They key elements in laparoscopic surgery are the use of a laparoscope and laparoscopic instruments.
Simplified Definitions:
A. Laparoscopic Surgery – A minimally invasive surgery that is performed by utilizing small incisions (cuts).
B. Laparoscope – An instrument through which structures within the abdomen and pelvis can be seen.
• The first type of laparoscope includes a telescopic rod lens systems that is connected to a video camera.
• The second type is a digital laparoscope where a charge-coupled device is placed at the end of the scope eliminating the need for the rod lens system.
C. Laparoscopic Instruments - Tools that the surgeon uses to work on the patient. These tools that allow the surgeon to move, cut, and stitch organs during the operation.
Group Discussion:
(Pose the following questions to the group and let the discussion flow naturally… try to give positive feedback to each child that contributes to the conversation)
What do you think the advantages of Laparoscopic Surgery are?
• Reduced blood loss
• Smaller incisions
• Shorter recovery time
• Shortened hospital stay
• Less pain
What do you think the disadvantages of Laparoscopic Surgery are?
• Injury to blood vessels
• Surgical burns
• Excess CO2 gas in the abdomen
• Longer surgeries
|Laparoscopic Surgery Activity (Part 1) – 8 Minutes |
Learning Objectives
By the end of this exercise, students should be able to: …
1. Explain what a laparoscopic device is.
2. Explain what laparoscopic surgery is.
Materials
1. 1 Surgical Box with Lid
2. 1 Laparoscopic Device
3. 1 Stopwatch
4. 1 Mirror/Webcam
5. 1 Surgical Activity Package
** Do NOT hand out activity sheet at this time!
Procedure
1. Have the students get into 5 groups (DO NOT assign them team roles).
2. Set up the surgical activity package within the surgical box.
3. Once the surgical activity has been set up within the surgical box, place the lid back over the surgical box and press fit. (If computers are available, one of the TEAK instructors should set up the webcams during the introduction discussion to save set up time.)
4. Instruct the students not to pick up or move the surgical boxes.
5. Turn off the lights in the classroom and let the students begin the activity. The goal is to collect as many animals as possible in under 4 minutes. The TEAK instructor will keep track of the time through the use of the provided stopwatch. At 4 minutes, the instructor will stop the activity (whether the surgeons have collected all the animals or not).
6. After the team has finished the activity within the surgical box, the students will count the number of animals they collected.
7. Have each group share how many animals they collected. Write these numbers on the board.
Expected Results
1. Without given roles, it is expected that there will be some discrepancies over who gets to be the “surgeon.” The other students may just stand and watch the surgeon work, because they don’t know what to do to help out.
2. A lack of communication and /teamwork will cause the team not to collect as many animals.
|End Laparoscopic Surgery Activity (Part 1) |
Concluding Discussion: 2 Minutes
Do you think this activity was hard?
• (This is a very open ended answer. What ever they think will be correct.)
What would have made this activity easier?
(Write answers on the board; will use them for the teamwork discussion.)
• A job for each team member to do
• Talking to one another
• Working together
• Listening to one another
• Teamwork!
Why do you think teamwork is an important part of Laparoscopic Surgery?
• Need people to help the surgeon (he/she can’t do all jobs)
• The procedure is more complex than regular surgery
• It’s harder to see what is going on
• It’s a new procedure so training is needed from more experienced people
• There are more technical things that can go wrong and /needs to be monitored
Teamwork Discussion: 5 Minutes
Background Information:
Especially in engineering, the knowledge and values that an individual person has can add great value to the work done by the team. Many engineering teams are multidisciplinary, meaning that they involve different types of engineers. Since the knowledge and skill set acquired by one type of engineer is so different from that of another type of engineer (i.e. mechanical to electrical), it is beneficial to have a team to havewith many different engineers on it.
Group Discussion:
(Pose the following questions to the group and let the discussion flow naturally… try to give positive feedback to each child that contributes to the conversation)
What do you think teamwork is?
• A joint act completed by two or more people, in which the individual persons puts aside their own goals and opinions for the common goal and unity of the group.
• The emphasis of teamwork is on the team and the goals of the team, but it does not mean that the individual persons areis unimportant.
• The combined actions of a group or team.
• Work produced by a group or team.
Think back to the things you said would have made this activity easier. Can you think of anything else that would have helped your team collect more animals?
(There may be more correct answers than the ones listed.)
• Working together
Listening to the opinions of other teammates
• Everyone getting assigned a job
Label this list “GOOD” teamwork.
Think about the surgery activity again. What kinds of attitudes would have made your teammates easier to work with?
(There may be more correct answers than the ones listed.)
• Positive
• Helpful
• Encouraging
• Happy
Label this list “GOOD” attitude.
|Teamwork Activity – 5-10 Minutes |
**OPTIONAL: Can be done as a class with examples written on the board (to shorten activity time).
Learning Objectives
By the end of this exercise, students should be able to:…
1. Define teamwork.
2. Identify examples of teamwork.
3. Explain why teamwork is important in engineering.
Materials
(1) Blank sheet of paper per group
Procedure
1. Get the students into 5 groups.
2. Have the group write down 4-5 activities that involve teamwork.
(For example, have them think of places they have been in the past week where they may have seen teamwork.)
3. After 2-3 minutes, have the groups stop writing.
4. Have one student from each group go to the board and write down a teamwork example.
5. Discuss the teamwork examples, and ask students what make them good/bad examples of people working together.
Possible Teamwork Examples
• Sports teams – different positions because people have different strengths, all positions needed to be successful, team members all work together to try to win, direct teamwork (one person’s decision will immediately impact the team)
• Mail men/women – everyone needs to complete their route in order to be successful, less direct than sports teams (one person’s success/failure doesn’t impact another person’s, but it affects the team as a whole)
• Restaurant – everyone works together to make sure that the guest receives the food he/she ordered, a chain of teamwork (one person needs to do their job successfully before the next person has a chance to do theirs)
|End Teamwork Activity |
|Laparoscopic Surgery Activity (Part 2) – 25 Minutes |
Learning Objectives
By the end of this exercise, students should be able to: …
1. Explain what a laparoscopic device is.
2. Explain what laparoscopic surgery is.
Materials
1. 1 Surgical Box with Lid
2. 1 Laparoscopic Device
3. 1 Stopwatch
4. 1 Mirror/Webcam
5. 1 Activity Worksheet per Engineering Team
6. 1 Surgical Activity Package
7. 1 Bag with Team Role Labels
Procedure
1. Have the students get into 5 groups and assume one of the engineering team roles.
2. Set up the surgical activity package within the surgical box.
3. Once the surgical activity has been set up within the surgical box, place the lid back over the surgical box and press fit. (If computers are available, one of the TEAK instructors should set up the webcams during the teamwork activity to save set up time.)
4. Instruct the students not to pick up or move the surgical boxes.
5. Once all of the team roles have been determined, turn off the lights in the classroom and let the students begin the activity. The goal of each surgical activity within the surgical box is to perform the given task, through group communication, in under or around 4 minutes. The TEAK instructor will keep track of the time through the use of the provided stopwatch. At 4 minutes, the instructor will stop the activity (whether the surgeons have collected all the animals or not).
6. After the team has finished the activity within the surgical box, the timekeeper should record the time on the activity worksheet and how many animals were captured within the 4 minutes. The students may now rotate roles, giving their previous role to the student on their right hand side.
7. Steps 5 & 6 should be repeated until all of the students have had the opportunity to participate in the activity as each of the different team roles.
Expected Results
3. The goal of each activity is to complete the task in less than two minutes. For an adult, it takes approximately 1 min 45 sec to 2 minutes to complete the task.
4. At the completion of the activity, students within their engineering teams should decide which arrangement of roles allowed them to complete the activity in the least amount of time. This will be their optimal team.
|End Laparoscopic Surgery Activity |
Concluding Discussion: 5 Minutes
(Pick and choose depending on student questions/responses to the activity worksheets)
What was hard about performing the laparoscopic surgery?
• Working with a multi-member team.
• Manipulating the objects.
• (This is a very open ended answer. What ever they found to be difficult will be correct.)
Did talking/communicating with your teammates make the activity easier?
• Yes, because communication allowed the surgeon to instruct the other team members so that he/she could see what they were doing and capture more animals.
Do you think a real laparoscopic surgery is harder than the activity you just did? Why?
• Yes, a real surgery would be harder.
• People have more things inside them than the activity boxes did.
• Blood makes visibility harder.
• You need to be careful not to damage the person’s organs.
Based on the surgery you performed, do you think engineers and surgeons must train a lot at performing such a surgery and designing such laparoscopic instruments?
• Yes, lots of practice and lots evaluations and assessments of functional form fitting instruments by engineers.
Laparoscopic Instrument Design Discussion: 2 minutes
Background Information:
A laparoscope is an instrument through which structures within the abdomen and pelvis can be seen. A laparoscopic instrument is a tool used by the surgeon to work on (move, cut, stitch) the organs. The laparoscopic instrument used during the previous activity is much different from the instrument used during a real surgical procedure.
Group Discussion:
(Pose the following questions to the group and let the discussion flow naturally… try to give positive feedback to each child that contributes to the conversation)
Do you think the Alligetter is different from the laparoscopic instruments that real surgeons use? How?
• Yes, they are different.
• Materials
• Shape of the handle
• Size of the grabbing section/teeth
• Size of the body
Do you think the Alligetter (surgical tool) was easy to use? Would it have been easier if it were designed differently?
• (Open-ended question. Whatever they think will be right.)
|Laparoscope Design Activity – 10 Minutes |
Learning Objectives
By the end of this exercise, students should be able to…
1. List the parts of a laparoscopic instrument.
2. Discuss the differences between a real laparoscopic tool and the one used in the activity.
Materials (per team)
• (1) Alligetter
• (1) Picture of Surgical Instruments
• (1) Activity Handout
Procedure
1. Have students put everything into the surgery box except for the Alligetter.
2. Make sure that each team has a photograph of a laparoscopic tool and the activity handout.
3. Tell students to complete the worksheet. Give them 5 minutes to discuss and write down their answers before calling everyone back to attention.
4. Go over the design changes that each group came up with. Make notes/charts on the board (if possible) to list the changes and show which ones were common among the groups.
|End Laparoscope Design Activity |
Revisions
|Date |Changes Made |Changes Made By |
|9/23/2009 |Replaced biomaterials section with teamwork, added laparoscope |Heather Godlewski |
| |design section, basic changes to order of lesson plan and | |
| |formatting | |
|9/28/2009 |Rearranged the order of lesson plan and made the laparoscopic |Heather Godlewski |
| |surgery activity into two parts. | |
|01/11/2010 |Spelling and grammar corrections made to lesson plan, changed on |Konrad Ahlin |
| |website/share folder, but didn’t re-print. Marked corrections | |
| |with initials. | |
|6/21/2011 |Re-Printed lesson plan and put into binder. |Bridget Eggers |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
................
................
In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.
To fulfill the demand for quickly locating and searching documents.
It is intelligent file search solution for home and business.