Safety and Soundness - U.S. Department of the Treasury

Comptroller's Handbook

Safety and Soundness

Capital Adequacy

(C)

Asset Quality

(A)

Management Earnings

(M)

(E)

Liquidity

(L)

Sensitivity to Market Risk

(S)

CGoorvpReorEnraaStnecCaenINd DRiEskD Version 1.0, July 2016

Other Activities

(O)

This document and any attachments are replaced by version 2.0 of the booklet of the same title publishOeffidceJoufltyhe2019.

Comptroller of the Currency

Washington, DC 20219

Version 1.0

Contents

Introduction ..............................................................................................................................1 Overview....................................................................................................................... 1 Risks Associated With Corporate and Risk Governance.............................................. 3 Strategic Risk .......................................................................................................... 3 Reputation Risk....................................................................................................... 3 Compliance Risk ..................................................................................................... 4 Operational Risk ..................................................................................................... 4 Corporate Governance .................................................................................................. 4 Board of Directors................................................................................................... 5 Board's Role in Corporate and Risk Governance............................................. 5 Board Composition, Qualifications, and Selection........................................... 5 Leadership Structure of the Board .................................................................... 7

ROutside Advisors and Advisory Directors ........................................................ 8

Board and Board Committee Meeting Minutes ................................................ 9

ESenior Management and Staff Access ............................................................ 10

Director Orientation and Training .................................................................. 10

S Board Compensation....................................................................................... 11

Board Tenure .................................................................................................. 11

C Board's Responsibilities ....................................................................................... 11 Provide Oversight ........................................................................................... 12 Establish an Appropriate Corporate Culture................................................... 13 I Comply With Fiduciary Duties and the Law .................................................. 15 N Select, Retain, and Oversee Management....................................................... 16 Oversee Compensation and Benefits Arrangements....................................... 18 D Maintain Appropriate Affiliate and Holding Company Relationships ........... 21 Establish and Maintain an Appropriate Board Structure ................................ 22 E Perform Board Self-Assessments ................................................................... 29 Oversee Financial Performance and Risk Reporting ...................................... 30 D Serve the Community Credit Needs ............................................................... 32 Individual Responsibilities of Directors ............................................................... 32

Attend and Participate in Board and Committee Meetings ............................ 32 Request and Review Meeting Materials ......................................................... 33 Make Decisions and Seek Explanations ......................................................... 33 Review and Approve Policies ......................................................................... 34 Exercise Independent Judgment ..................................................................... 34 Board and Management's Roles in Planning........................................................ 35 Strategic Planning.......................................................................................... 35 New Products and Services ........................................................................... 37 Capital Planning ............................................................................................ 38 Operational Planning ..................................................................................... 40 Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity Planning .................................. 40 Information Technology Activities ............................................................... 41 Information Security...................................................................................... 41

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Contents

Risk Governance ......................................................................................................... 42 Board and Management's Roles ........................................................................... 42 Risk Governance Framework ......................................................................... 42 Accountability to Shareholders and Other Stakeholders ................................ 51 Management's Responsibilities ............................................................................ 51 Administer a Risk Management System......................................................... 52 Ensure Control Functions Are Effective......................................................... 56 Maintain Management Information Systems.................................................. 58 Manage Third-Party Relationship Risks......................................................... 59 Ensure an Appropriate Insurance Program ..................................................... 60

Examination Procedures .......................................................................................................67 Scope........................................................................................................................... 67 Board of Directors....................................................................................................... 69 Management................................................................................................................ 93

R Conclusions............................................................................................................... 100

Internal Control Questionnaire ................................................................................. 102

E Verification Procedures ............................................................................................ 107 S Appendixes............................................................................................................................109

Appendix A: Board of Directors Statutory and Regulatory Requirements .............. 109

C Appendix B: Regulations Requiring Board Approval for Policies and Programs.... 112

Appendix C: Glossary............................................................................................... 118

I Appendix D: Abbreviations ...................................................................................... 120 NDED References .............................................................................................................................122

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Introduction > Overview

Introduction

The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency's (OCC) Comptroller's Handbook booklet, "Corporate and Risk Governance," is prepared for use by OCC examiners in connection with their examination and supervision of national banks and federal savings associations (collectively, banks). Each bank is different and may present specific issues. Accordingly, examiners should apply the information in this booklet consistent with each bank's individual circumstances. When it is necessary to distinguish between them, national banks and federal savings associations (FSA) are referred to separately.

Overview

The general principles and practices discussed in this booklet are important protections against overarching risks to banks. This booklet

R ? focuses on strategic, reputation, compliance, and operational risks as they relate to E governance.

? reinforces oversight of credit, liquidity, interest rate, and price risks.

S ? combines and updates existing national bank and FSA guidance covering the roles and responsibilities of the board of directors and senior management as well as corporate and C risk governance activities and risk management practices.1 ? supplements other OCC and interagency guidance related to corporate and risk

I governance and risk management. N Other booklets in the Comptroller's Handbook provide detailed risk management D information according to subject.

A bank's governance practices should be commensurate with the bank's size, complexity,

E and risk profile. In accordance with the OCC's supervision-by-risk approach, examiners have D discretion to use the core assessment in the "Community Bank Supervision" "Large Bank

Supervision," or "Federal Branches and Agencies Supervision" booklets of the Comptroller's Handbook when evaluating the governance of community banks, large banks, and federal branches and agencies, respectively. Corporate and risk governance structure and practices should keep pace with the bank's changes in size, risk profile, and complexity. Larger or more complex banks should have more sophisticated and formal board and management structures and practices.

Banks with average total consolidated assets of $50 billion or greater or those that are OCCdesignated, which are referred to as covered banks, should adhere to 12 CFR 30, appendix D,

1 This booklet updates, consolidates, and rescinds the "Duties and Responsibilities of Directors," "Employee Benefits," "Management and Board Processes," "Management Information Systems," and "Risk Management and Insurance" Comptroller's Handbook booklets; portions of the "Internal Control Questionnaires and Verification Procedures" Comptroller's Handbook booklet; and sections 310, "Corporate Governance and Oversight by the Board of Directors," and 330, "Management Assessment," of the former Office of Thrift Supervision (OTS) Examination Handbook.

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Introduction > Overview

"OCC Guidelines Establishing Heightened Standards for Certain Large Insured National Banks, Insured Federal Savings Associations, and Insured Federal Branches" (referred to in this booklet as heightened standards).

Heightened Standards

Specific criteria for covered banks, subject to 12 CFR 30, appendix D, are noted in text boxes like this one throughout this booklet.

The assignment of the "management" rating in CAMELS2 under the Uniform Financial Institutions Rating System is based on an assessment of the quality of board oversight and management supervision. The "management" rating reflects examiner conclusions about the board and management's willingness and ability to effectively address all aspects of governance, risk management, compliance, bank operations, and financial performance.

R Examiners also consider Bank Secrecy Act (BSA)/anti-money laundering (AML)

examination findings in a safety and soundness context when assigning the management component. Serious deficiencies in a bank's BSA/AML compliance create a presumption that

E the bank's management component rating will be adversely affected because its risk

management practices are less than satisfactory.

S For purposes of this booklet, the term "board" refers to the board of directors or a designated C committee thereof unless otherwise stated. The term "senior management" refers to bank

employees designated by the board as executives responsible for making key decisions.

I Senior management may include, but is not limited to, the president, chief executive officer N (CEO), chief financial officer, chief risk executive (CRE),3 chief information officer (CIO),

chief compliance officer, chief credit officer, chief auditor, and chief bank counsel. Titles and

D positions vary depending on the bank's structure, size, and complexity. Unless otherwise

noted, the booklet uses the terms "CEO" and "president" to refer to the individual appointed by the board to oversee the bank's day-to-day activities. The term "management" refers to

E bank managers responsible for carrying out the bank's day-to-day activities, including goals D established by senior management.

Corporate governance refers to the board and senior management's authority and responsibilities for governing the bank's operations and structure. Corporate governance involves the relationships among the bank's board, management, shareholders, and other stakeholders. Corporate governance is essential to the safe and sound operation of the bank.

Risk governance is an important element of corporate governance. Risk governance applies the principles of sound corporate governance to the identification, measurement, monitoring, and controlling of risks to ensure that risk-taking activities are in line with the bank's

2 A bank's composite rating under the Uniform Financial Institutions Rating System, or CAMELS, integrates ratings from six component areas: capital adequacy, asset quality, management, earnings, liquidity, and sensitivity to market risk. Evaluations of the component areas take into consideration the bank's size and sophistication, the nature and complexity of its activities, and its risk profile.

3 A CRE is also commonly known as a chief risk officer.

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Corporate and Risk Governance

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