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|ELA 4th. Winter Benchmark. 2016 [789452] |

|Student | |

|Class | |

|Date | |

|Read the following and answer the questions below: |

|Spiders, Spiders, Spiders! |

|  |

|Spiders, Spiders, Spiders! |

|Have you ever walked into a spider web? Do you ever see spiders scurrying across the floor or up the stalk of a plant? Spiders are all over|

|the world and many of them are in your own backyard. Spiders are varied in their looks and habits. It is interesting to learn about |

|different kinds of spiders. |

|[pic]Trap-Door Spiders are large, hairy, and harmless. They burrow in the ground and make nests. They spin silk made from spinnerets in |

|their body to line the burrow. The entrance to the burrow is made like a trap door. This hides the spider’s lair. The Trap-Door Spider then|

|hides in the doorway, waiting there so he can catch unsuspecting ants and insects. These spiders make their nests in groups. |

|[pic]Funnel-web Spiders make funnel-shaped webs to trap insects. The web is made of dried silk. The back of the web has the funnel-shaped |

|area where the spider hides. These spiders are very shy and stay in the funnel-shaped opening until they are alerted that something is |

|caught in the web. Insects that crawl or fly into the web get caught on the sticky surface. The spider feels the vibration, runs to the |

|prey and bites it several times. It then wraps its victim in silk and takes it into the funnel. These spiders lay eggs in a sac and live |

|for about a year. |

|Jumping Spiders are found all over the world. They are usually less than 2 centimeters long. They get their name from their ability to jump|

|10 to 40 times their body length. These spiders are brightly colored and have stout bodies and short legs. They hunt in the daylight. The |

|Jumping Spider crawls to within a few feet of its prey. It then crouches and pounces on the insects and web building spiders upon which it |

|feeds. |

|No matter where you live, spiders are part of your habitat. They all have different adaptations that allow them to live and catch food. |

|Learning about them helps us understand and appreciate them. |

| |

| |

|  |

|1. |How does the funnel-web spider use its web to catch prey? |

| |  |

|  |A. |

| |It pulls the prey into its silk-lined home. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |B. |

| |Its prey sticks to the surface of its home. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |C. |

| |Its prey is tricked into the back of its funnel-web. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |D. |

| |It hides from its prey in its funnel-shaped opening. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |  |

|2. |Based on paragraph 4, what is the meaning of “crouches and pounces”? |

| |  |

|  |A. |

| |to live and catch food |

| |  |

| | |

|  |B. |

| |to learn about and like |

| |  |

| | |

|  |C. |

| |to bend low and jump on |

| |  |

| | |

|  |D. |

| |to have fat bodies and small legs |

| |  |

| | |

|  |  |

|3. |Based on the last paragraph, what are adaptations? |

| |  |

|  |A. |

| |places where an animal lives |

| |  |

| | |

|  |B. |

| |surprising facts about an animal |

| |  |

| | |

|  |C. |

| |parts of an animal’s body that form webs for silk |

| |  |

| | |

|  |D. |

| |changes in an animal that helps it survive in its environment |

| |  |

| | |

|  |  |

|4. |How does a Funnel-web Spider know something is caught in its web? |

| |  |

|  |A. |

| |by the way the web is formed |

| |  |

| | |

|  |B. |

| |by the eggs laid inside the web |

| |  |

| | |

|  |C. |

| |by the amount of sticky silk in the web’s wide opening |

| |  |

| | |

|  |D. |

| |by the vibration the web’s silk makes when something hits it |

| |  |

| | |

|  |  |

|5. |In paragraph 3, which could replace victim? |

| |  |

|  |A. |

| |web |

| |  |

| | |

|  |B. |

| |eggs |

| |  |

| | |

|  |C. |

| |prey |

| |  |

| | |

|  |D. |

| |spider |

| |  |

| | |

|  |  |

|6. |According to the selection, what is the purpose of the spiders’ adaptations? |

| |  |

|  |A. |

| |to be able to build nests |

| |  |

| | |

|  |B. |

| |to catch food and survive |

| |  |

| | |

|  |C. |

| |to help people appreciate them |

| |  |

| | |

|  |D. |

| |to help people understand them |

| |  |

| | |

|  |  |

|7. |Why is it significant that the Funnel-web Spider hides in the back of its web? |

| |  |

|  |A. |

| |It shows that it is shy. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |B. |

| |It shows it wraps victims in silk. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |C. |

| |It shows that it lays eggs in a sac. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |D. |

| |It shows that it lives for about a year. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |  |

[pic]

|Read the following and answer the questions below: |

|Foreign Lands |

|  |

|Foreign Lands |

|by Robert Louis Stevenson |

|  |

|Up into the cherry tree |

|  |

|Who should climb but little me? |

|  |

|I held the trunk with both my hands |

|  |

|And looked abroad on foreign lands. |

|  |

|  |

|5 |

|I saw the next door garden lie, |

|  |

|Adorned with flowers, before my eye, |

|  |

|And many pleasant places more |

|  |

|That I had never seen before. |

|  |

|  |

|  |

|I saw the dimpling river pass |

|10 |

|And be the sky’s blue looking-glass; |

|  |

|The dusty roads go up and down |

|  |

|With people tramping in to town. |

|  |

|  |

|  |

|If I could find a higher tree |

|  |

|Farther and farther I should see, |

|15 |

|To where the grown-up river slips |

|  |

|Into the sea among the ships, |

|  |

|  |

|  |

|To where the roads on either hand |

|  |

|Lead onward into fairyland, |

|  |

|Where all the children dine at five |

|20 |

|And all the playthings come alive. |

| |

|Project Gutenberg, 2006. (02/20/2013). |

|  |

|8. |Based on the poem, what are “foreign lands” in line 4? |

| |  |

|  |A. |

| |lands not yet heard of |

| |  |

| | |

|  |B. |

| |lands that do not exist |

| |  |

| | |

|  |C. |

| |lands not yet traveled to |

| |  |

| | |

|  |D. |

| |lands that cannot be seen |

| |  |

| | |

|  |  |

|9. |Which can the speaker actually see? |

| |  |

|  |A. |

| |ships, dusty roads, people |

| |  |

| | |

|  |B. |

| |a garden, a river, dusty roads |

| |  |

| | |

|  |C. |

| |a river, ships, living playthings |

| |  |

| | |

|  |D. |

| |people, living playthings, a garden |

| |  |

| | |

|  |  |

|10. |What does the speaker need in order to see into fairyland? |

| |  |

|  |A. |

| |a ship |

| |  |

| | |

|  |B. |

| |a river |

| |  |

| | |

|  |C. |

| |a higher tree |

| |  |

| | |

|  |D. |

| |a looking-glass |

| |  |

| | |

|  |  |

|11. |Which line from the poem suggests the speaker is creative? |

| |  |

|  |A. |

| |“Up into the cherry tree” |

| |  |

| | |

|  |B. |

| |“I saw the next door garden lie,” |

| |  |

| | |

|  |C. |

| |“I saw the dimpling river pass” |

| |  |

| | |

|  |D. |

| |“And all the playthings come alive.” |

| |  |

| | |

|  |  |

|12. |Based on the selection, which conclusion can be drawn about the tree? |

| |  |

|  |A. |

| |It is tall, but not as tall as the speaker would like. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |B. |

| |Only little children can climb its branches. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |C. |

| |It is the only thing in the speaker’s yard. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |D. |

| |Only gardens can be seen from it. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |  |

|13. |What is the meaning of tramping in line 12? |

| |  |

|  |A. |

| |flying |

| |  |

| | |

|  |B. |

| |moving |

| |  |

| | |

|  |C. |

| |walking |

| |  |

| | |

|  |D. |

| |jumping |

| |  |

| | |

|  |  |

[pic]

|Read the following and answer the questions below: |

|Manitou and The Squirrels |

|  |

|Manitou and The Squirrels |

|by Ida Coe and Alice J. Christie |

|“Please tell me one more story about the great Manitou, Grandmother,” begged the little Indian boy. |

|The grandmother liked to tell stories to the boy. She sat down facing him and told him the story of the great Manitou and the squirrels. |

|This was the story she told: |

|[pic]Once upon a time, there was scarcely any food to be found. The great Manitou and his wife had fasted for many days, and they were very|

|hungry. |

|“We must have meat,” said Manitou. |

|Then he thought of a plan. |

|He lifted his bow and aimed a magic arrow through the door of the wigwam.* |

|[pic]The arrow sped onward in the forest, until it passed through the body of a bear. It held the bear fast to a tree. |

|Manitou and his wife went into the forest together. There they found the bear. |

|Then Manitou said, “We will have a feast and invite our friends.” |

|The birds and beasts were glad to accept the invitation. A large company arrived. |

|The woodpecker was the first to taste the food. He began to eat greedily, for he was very hungry. |

|When he put the meat into his mouth, it turned to ashes. |

|[pic]The woodpecker began to cough. “This is very impolite; I must not let Manitou hear me cough,” thought he. |

|The fox was the next to taste the meat. It turned to ashes, and he began to cough. |

|All the other guests began to cough as soon as they had tasted the meat. They tried very hard not to let Manitou hear them. |

|They kept on tasting, but the more they tasted, the harder they coughed. |

|At last Manitou became very angry. |

|“I will make you remember this,” said he. |

|In an instant, the woodpecker, the fox, and all the other guests had disappeared. In their place were many squirrels, running up and down |

|the trees and coughing as squirrels always do when taken by surprise. |

|To this day, squirrels do not eat meat, but instead they nibble acorns and nuts. |

|“If you have sharp eyes,” added the grandmother, “you will find hollow places in the trees, where the squirrels hide their acorns and |

|nuts.” |

| |

|*wigwam: a hut used by some tribes of American Indians, usually having an arched frame of poles covered with bark, rush mats, or hides; |

|somewhat similar to a round tent. |

| |

|Project Gutenberg, 2004. (02/20/2013). |

| |

|  |

|14. |According to details in the selection, why were Manitou and his wife very hungry? |

| |  |

|  |A. |

| |They had a great feast. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |B. |

| |They did not have meat. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |C. |

| |They had fasted for many days. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |D. |

| |They had meat that turned to ashes. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |  |

|15. |According to the selection, what caused Manitou to get angry near the end of the story? |

| |  |

|  |A. |

| |The guests ate all of the food. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |B. |

| |The guests disappeared during dinner. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |C. |

| |The guests were coughing while eating. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |D. |

| |The guests were scared away by the squirrels.  |

| |  |

| | |

|  |  |

|16. |According to details in the selection, what can be inferred about why the guests disappeared? |

| |  |

|  |A. |

| |Manitou was so angry with the guests’ rude behavior that he turned them into squirrels. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |B. |

| |The guests were afraid to tell Manitou that they disliked the food, so they left the feast quickly. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |C. |

| |The guests ate the meat too quickly and did not save any for Manitou, so he turned them into squirrels. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |D. |

| |Manitou was so upset that the guests would not stop coughing that he asked them to leave immediately. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |  |

|17. |According to the selection, which word describes the woodpecker? |

| |  |

|  |A. |

| |polite |

| |  |

| | |

|  |B. |

| |greedy |

| |  |

| | |

|  |C. |

| |satisfied |

| |  |

| | |

|  |D. |

| |surprised |

| |  |

| | |

|  |  |

|18. |Based on details in the selection, which statement describes the great Manitou? |

| |  |

|  |A. |

| |a bear with a magic bow and arrow |

| |  |

| | |

|  |B. |

| |a hunter who cannot find his wigwam |

| |  |

| | |

|  |C. |

| |a hungry woodpecker with bad manners |

| |  |

| | |

|  |D. |

| |a leader who provides food for his friends |

| |  |

| | |

|  |  |

|19. |Which detail from the selection shows that the Manitou was angry with his friends? |

| |  |

|  |A. |

| |“ ‘We must have meat,’ said Manitou.” |

| |  |

| | |

|  |B. |

| |“Then he thought of a plan.” |

| |  |

| | |

|  |C. |

| |“He began to eat greedily, for he was very hungry.” |

| |  |

| | |

|  |D. |

| |“ ‘I will make you remember this,’ said he.” |

| |  |

| | |

|  |  |

|20. |Which detail from the selection shows that the grandmother believes the story of the Manitou and the squirrels is true? |

| |  |

|  |A. |

| |She liked to tell stories to her grandson. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |B. |

| |The great Manitou had a magic bow and arrow. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |C. |

| |She told the boy that he could find the squirrels’ acorns and nuts hidden in trees. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |D. |

| |The great Manitou became angry at his friends when they coughed on the food at the feast. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |  |

[pic]

|Read the following and answer the questions below: |

|North Carolina Lighthouses |

|  |

|North Carolina Lighthouses |

|The Outer Banks are a 200-mile string of barrier islands* off the North Carolina coast. They are home to seven beautiful old lighthouses. |

|Ships needed the lighthouses to navigate the dangerous waters near the North Carolina coast. People called the area the “Graveyard of the |

|Atlantic” because of its many shipwrecks. |

|During the Civil War, North Carolina was part of the Confederacy. The Confederates disabled all of the lights in the lighthouses so the |

|Union army could not use them for navigation. |

|The Currituck Beach Lighthouse was the last brick lighthouse built on the Outer Banks. The Civil War delayed its construction. |

|Bodie Island may have originally been called “Body” Island. Many victims of shipwrecks washed up on its shore. The federal government built|

|the current Bodie Island Lighthouse in 1872. There were two previous lighthouses on the island. The first had a light that did not work |

|properly. The Confederates blew up the second one during the Civil War. They did not want the Union army to use it. |

|The Cape Hatteras Lighthouse is the world’s largest brick lighthouse. The world’s tallest lighthouse is in Japan. It is made of metal and |

|is 331 feet tall. The original Cape Hatteras Lighthouse had major problems with erosion. The current lighthouse replaced it. It was built |

|further inland. Due to even more wearing away of the shoreline, the ocean waves often came all the way up to the new lighthouse. For that |

|reason, it was moved further inland in 1999. |

|Ocracoke Island was made famous by Blackbeard the Pirate, who used it as a hideout. Lightning destroyed its first lighthouse. Its current |

|lighthouse, which is relatively small, is the second oldest lighthouse that has been in continuous use in the United States. |

|People must travel by boat to reach Cape Lookout’s Lighthouse. It replaced the cape’s first lighthouse, which had a bad light and many |

|cracks. It was very important during the Civil War. The area around it served as a military stronghold, an area that is strongly defended. |

|The oldest lighthouse in North Carolina is the one on Bald Head Island. It is called “Old Baldy.” People can get to it on a ferryboat. |

|The Oak Island Lighthouse was one of the last lighthouses to be built along the United States coast. It has one of the most powerful lights|

|in the world. Its three different-colored outer sections are made from three different types of concrete. |

|North Carolina Lighthouses – Important Information |

| |

|Lighthouse Name |

|Year Built |

|Height |

|Number of Steps |

| |

|Currituck Beach |

|1875 |

|162 feet |

|214 steps |

| |

|Bodie Island |

|1872 |

|156 feet |

|214 steps |

| |

|Cape Hatteras |

|1870 |

|198 feet |

|257 steps |

| |

|Ocracoke |

|1823 |

|65 feet |

|unknown |

| |

|Cape Lookout |

|1859 |

|163 feet |

|216 steps |

| |

|Bald Head Island |

|1817 |

|110 feet |

|107 steps |

| |

|Oak Island |

|1958 |

|158 feet |

|134 ladder steps |

| |

| |

|*barrier islands: narrow islands that are parallel to the coast |

| |

| |

|  |

|21. |What conclusion can be drawn from the chart? |

| |  |

|  |A. |

| |Most of North Carolina’s lighthouses are over one hundred years old. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |B. |

| |Most of North Carolina's lighthouses are a favorite for tourists. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |C. |

| |Most of North Carolina’s lighthouses are in need of repair. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |D. |

| |Most of North Carolina’s lighthouses are still being used. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |  |

|22. |Based on the chart, which of North Carolina’s seven lighthouses is the oldest? |

| |  |

|  |A. |

| |Ocracoke |

| |  |

| | |

|  |B. |

| |Oak Island |

| |  |

| | |

|  |C. |

| |Cape Lookout |

| |  |

| | |

|  |D. |

| |Bald Head Island |

| |  |

| | |

|  |  |

|23. |Why did the Confederates disable the lighthouse lights during the Civil War? |

| |  |

|  |A. |

| |so the Union army would not be able to use them |

| |  |

| | |

|  |B. |

| |because there were problems to get them to work |

| |  |

| | |

|  |C. |

| |because there were serious problems with erosion |

| |  |

| | |

|  |D. |

| |so the Union army could not use them as hideouts |

| |  |

| | |

|  |  |

|24. |Which describes why Ocracoke Island is famous? |

| |  |

|  |A. |

| |Its lighthouses were used as hideouts. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |B. |

| |Lightning destroyed its first lighthouse. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |C. |

| |Blackbeard the Pirate used it as a hideout. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |D. |

| |It has the second oldest lighthouse in the United States. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |  |

|25. |How does the chart support the information in the text? |

| |  |

|  |A. |

| |by alphabetizing the lighthouses and providing their year built |

| |  |

| | |

|  |B. |

| |by ordering the lighthouses by height and location on the coast |

| |  |

| | |

|  |C. |

| |by providing the year built and the number of steps for the lighthouses |

| |  |

| | |

|  |D. |

| |by organizing the names and the material used to build the lighthouses |

| |  |

| | |

|  |  |

|26. |Why did the Cape Hatteras Lighthouse need to be moved in 1999? |

| |  |

|  |A. |

| |It had too many cracks near the bottom of it. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |B. |

| |Erosion caused the shoreline near it to wear away. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |C. |

| |The light was too weak to help anyone on the sea. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |D. |

| |There were too many shipwrecks that happened near it. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |  |

|27. |What information does the chart provide that the text does not? |

| |  |

|  |A. |

| |the names of each lighthouse |

| |  |

| | |

|  |B. |

| |the number of steps the lighthouses have |

| |  |

| | |

|  |C. |

| |the year the Bodie Island lighthouse was built |

| |  |

| | |

|  |D. |

| |the height of the tallest lighthouse in the world |

| |  |

| | |

|  |  |

[pic]

|Read the following and answer the questions below: |

|Summer Vacation: Before and Now |

|  |

|Summer Vacation: Before and Now |

|Summer vacation is expected in schools of today. Many children finish the school year in May and do not start school again until September.|

|Some students have shorter summer vacations and longer breaks during the fall and summer. Most, however, start school in August and finish |

|the school year in early June. |

|[pic]How did this practice of summer vacation start? No one really knows. Some think it started years ago when most Americans lived on |

|farms. Children were needed to help with farm work during the summer. This, however, is not quite accurate. Many farm children attended |

|school from December to March. Then they took a short break from school to help with the spring planting. They returned to school in May |

|and continued with their school work until August. Then it was time to help with the family harvest, and store crops for winter. |

|[pic]In some rural areas, children attended school for only a few months each year. The local governments did not have enough money to pay |

|teachers for more than seven or eight months each year. In some places, both parents worked in factories. Children in these families often |

|went to school for eleven months each year. The school provided a safe place for the children to stay while their parents worked. |

|Summer vacation may have come about in the last century. Summers in the city were hot and miserable. In order to escape the unpleasant city|

|summers, wealthy families had summer homes in the country. Mothers, children, and servants often spent several months at these summer |

|homes. |

|[pic]Some school systems have tried to do away with long summer vacations. They have tried having year-round schools. In a year-round |

|school, summer breaks are only a few weeks long. There are also breaks of 2-3 weeks in fall and spring. Many educators think that students |

|forget too many things during the summer. If students have a shorter summer vacation, it is easier for them to get started back into the |

|school routine in the fall. However, year-round school is not common in the United States. |

|No matter how summer vacation got started, it is a part of American life. Today, children and teachers look forward to it. People resist |

|changing it. It will probably be around for a long time. |

| |

| |

| |

| |

| |

|  |

|28. |Based on the context of the last paragraph, what does “resist changing” tell about people’s feelings toward summer vacation? |

| |  |

|  |A. |

| |They do not want to lose it. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |B. |

| |They do not want to begin it. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |C. |

| |They think it should go away. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |D. |

| |They think it should be longer. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |  |

|29. |Based on the context of paragraph 5, what is a routine? |

| |  |

|  |A. |

| |shorter summer break |

| |  |

| | |

|  |B. |

| |things that are done regularly |

| |  |

| | |

|  |C. |

| |activities during summer break |

| |  |

| | |

|  |D. |

| |vacation for families and students |

| |  |

| | |

|  |  |

|30. |Which sentence from the selection supports the author’s belief that children helping with farm work was not the cause of summer |

| |vacation? |

| |  |

|  |A. |

| |Many farm children attended school from December to March. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |B. |

| |Then they took a short break from school to help with the spring planting. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |C. |

| |They returned to school in May and continued with their school work until August. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |D. |

| |Then it was time to help with the family harvest, and store crops for winter. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |  |

|31. |Which detail from the selection supports why people resist changing the traditional summer vacation? |

| |  |

|  |A. |

| |Children and teachers look forward to a break. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |B. |

| |Children are expected to help with farm work. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |C. |

| |Children spend time at their country homes. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |D. |

| |Children’s parents are too busy working. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |  |

|32. |Based on paragraph 2, what is a “family harvest”? |

| |  |

|  |A. |

| |a group of farmers in the same family |

| |  |

| | |

|  |B. |

| |a gathering of family members for a meal |

| |  |

| | |

|  |C. |

| |the practice of bringing family crops to school |

| |  |

| | |

|  |D. |

| |the picking and gathering of crops on the family farm |

| |  |

| | |

|  |  |

|33. |Why does the author say that summer vacation is a part of “American life”? |

| |  |

|  |A. |

| |to show that summer vacation has been around for a long time |

| |  |

| | |

|  |B. |

| |to show that summer vacation is paid for by local government |

| |  |

| | |

|  |C. |

| |to tell where summer vacation occurs in the world |

| |  |

| | |

|  |D. |

| |to tell where summer vacation was invented |

| |  |

| | |

|  |  |

|34. |How does the author support the idea that year-round schools are better for students? |

| |  |

|  |A. |

| |by including information about summer vacation homes |

| |  |

| | |

|  |B. |

| |by including educators’ opinions about summer vacation |

| |  |

| | |

|  |C. |

| |by describing the need for children to work on family farms |

| |  |

| | |

|  |D. |

| |by describing reasons people don’t want to change summer vacation |

| |  |

| | |

|  |  |

[pic]

|Read the following and answer the questions below: |

|Clouds |

|  |

|Clouds |

|Every time we look up in the sky we see clouds. Sometimes they are light and pretty and sometimes they are dark and a little threatening. |

|No matter what kind they are, clouds can help us predict what the weather will be. With just a little practice, you can be an amateur |

|meteorologist (weatherman). |

|First, we need to know how clouds form. Let’s begin with the water cycle. The sun warms Earth and the water in lakes, rivers, streams, and |

|ocean. As the water warms, some of it evaporates, or turns to water vapor. This water vapor goes into the air. As it gets higher in the |

|air, it cools. The cooled water vapor condenses, or goes together, to form clouds. If the water vapor in these clouds gets heavy enough, it|

|will fall back to Earth as precipitation. |

|There are several types of clouds, and each of them signal a different weather condition. Cumulus clouds are the big puffy ones that often |

|look like cotton balls in the sky. If they form low in the sky, they bring fair weather. However, if they form higher in the sky, they can |

|bring showers and thunderstorms. Stratus clouds are low clouds that blanket the entire sky. They seem to cover the sky and make the day |

|dark and dreary. Often these clouds bring long periods of light rain or snow. Cirrus clouds are the barely-there clouds that float along in|

|the sky. They look like white feathers. These clouds bring pleasant weather. |

|Nimbus is the Latin word for rain. If the word nimbus is added to any of these cloud types that means that the cloud will bring rain. For |

|instance, nimbostratus clouds often bring continually falling rain. Cumulonimbus clouds produce thunder storms. These storms bring rain, |

|although it doesn’t last very long. |

|Now you can see that when you look at clouds in the sky, you are really looking at the weather! Next time you look at the clouds, try to |

|predict what the weather is going to be. |

| |

| |

|  |

|35. |How does the author show the process of the water cycle? |

| |  |

|  |A. |

| |by stating that clouds can predict weather |

| |  |

| | |

|  |B. |

| |by giving examples of different types of clouds |

| |  |

| | |

|  |C. |

| |by providing details about amounts of rainfall and snowfall |

| |  |

| | |

|  |D. |

| |by describing the order in which evaporation, condensation, and precipitation occur |

| |  |

| | |

|  |  |

|36. |How does the author support the idea that cumulus clouds can bring different types of weather? |

| |  |

|  |A. |

| |“However, if they form higher in the sky, they can bring showers and thunderstorms.” |

| |  |

| | |

|  |B. |

| |“They seem to cover the sky and make the day dark and dreary.” |

| |  |

| | |

|  |C. |

| |“They look like white feathers.” |

| |  |

| | |

|  |D. |

| |“These clouds bring pleasant weather.” |

| |  |

| | |

|  |  |

|37. |How does warm temperature affect water? |

| |  |

|  |A. |

| |Water increases in volume. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |B. |

| |Water becomes thinner. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |C. |

| |Water turns into vapor. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |D. |

| |Water becomes heavy. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |  |

|38. |Which causes water vapor to condense? |

| |  |

|  |A. |

| |a downward motion |

| |  |

| | |

|  |B. |

| |a decrease in temperature |

| |  |

| | |

|  |C. |

| |not enough moisture in the air |

| |  |

| | |

|  |D. |

| |dry conditions around lakes and oceans |

| |  |

| | |

|  |  |

|39. |Which explains how clouds are formed? |

| |  |

|  |A. |

| |Water vapor gets heavy and falls to Earth. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |B. |

| |Cool vapor goes high in the air and then warms. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |C. |

| |Warmed water vapor cools and collects together. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |D. |

| |The sun warms water, causing it to evaporate and cool. |

| |  |

| | |

|  |  |

|40. |Which sentence from the selection supports the idea that “clouds can help us predict what the weather will be”? |

| |  |

|  |A. |

| |“With just a little practice, you can be an amateur meteorologist (weatherman).” |

| |  |

| | |

|  |B. |

| |“If the water vapor in these clouds gets heavy enough, it will fall back to Earth as precipitation.” |

| |  |

| | |

|  |C. |

| |“There are several types of clouds, and each of them signal a different weather condition.” |

| |  |

| | |

|  |D. |

| |“These storms bring rain, although it doesn’t last very long.” |

| |  |

| | |

|  |  |

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