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HMK: study 8 parts of speech with examples

Sentence and fragment definitions

Do page 100 in the WORKBOOK - How to fix fragments

Label NS & V

Notes 1: Identify Sentences Notes 1: Identify Sentences

I. Ways to identify a sentence.

1. Begins with a capital letter and ends with a period.

2. A group of words with a subject and a verb that makes a complete thought.

(You) Open the door for me.

 There are 8 parts of speech

1.      nouns – WHO & WHAT

2.      pronouns – PRO=replace so pronoun takes the place of a noun

3.      verbs – ACTION & LINKING

4.      adverbs – WHEN, WHERE, WHY, HOW

5.      adjectives – describes a noun or a pronoun – WHICH KIND, WHOSE, HOW MANY

6.      conjunctions – join sentences or phases or words: FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)

7. prepositions – in, at, on, to, with, over, under, around… begin ADVERB/ADJECTIVE phrase

8.      interjections – express emotion: yes, no, please, ouch, yikes …

 

 II. Verbs

1.      Action Linking Verbs

a.       Eat, play, jump a. am/is/are/was/were/have been/will be

b. (senses) feel/smell/taste/seem // become

2.      Mental

a.       Believe, dream, think, feel

3.      Miscellaneous – auxiliary (helping verb)

a.       Have / Will / could / should

 

     The Verb Test

1.      If the word does not end in “s” put I or THEY in front of the word to check if the combination makes sense.

a.       I / They __(word not ending with “s”)__    

EX: I eat. (eat IS a verb) // They sleep. (sleep IS a verb)

They quickly. (quickly IS NOT a verb)

2.      If the word ends in “s” put  SHE or HE  in front of the word.

a.       She / He __ (word ending in “s”)__ 

EX: She plays. (plays IS a verb) // He desks. (desks IS NOT a verb)

III. Nouns: a word that names

1.      Proper nouns

a.      Are always capitalized

b.      Names of places or people.

2.      Common nouns

a.      Not capitalized.

b.      Noun test: place “the” in front of the noun.  The __(common noun)__

EX: the car (car IS a noun) // the frequently (frequently IS NOT a noun)

  

 IV. Adverbs – modify/describe

Verbs: He ran swiftly.

Adverbs: He ran very swiftly.

Adjectives: She is very beautiful.

            Answers

1.      When – at midnight/in two weeks

2.      Where – to the park/for a walk/in the second drawer

3.      Why – for a relaxing day

4.      How – swifly/beautifully/gracefully/quietly

Notes 2: Parts of Speech: Verbs and Adverbs

Quiz 1: Unit 1 Identifying Sentence Patterns

• NS VI -- NS VT NDO -- NS LV NSC

Lesson 6: Parts of Speech continued

• Noun

• Pronoun – I/he/she/it/we/they/you -- me/him/her/us/them

• Verb

• Adverb

• Adjective

• Conjunction – FANBOYS – for/and/nor/but/or/yet/so

• Interjection – ouch! Wow! Damn! Yes! No!

• Preposition – ADV=at/in/over/under/up/down/around/through/between/beside/on OF=ADJ

Modifiers: Elements that give extra information (adverbs and adjectives)

Adj NS Vt NDO

The tall man plays basketball

Tall is describing man, so it is an adjective.

Adjective: describes a noun

Adverbs:

• Describe verbs, adverbs, and adjectives

• Can be a single word or phrase.

• Adverb Test

o 1. Find the pattern.

o 2. Ask the following questions:

▪ When?

▪ Where?

▪ How?

▪ Why?

Examples:

ADV NS VI ADV

• Yesterday I drove home.

____ADV____ NS VI _____ADV_____

• After the movie I drove to the restaurant.

Phrase: a group of words that has to be read together.

_____ADV___ NS VI ADV

• After the movie the audience clapped enthusiastically.

ADV NS VT NDO CON VI ADV

• Suddenly the woman grabbed her purse and ran out.

NS VT NDO ADV CON ADV ____ADV____

• Ted washes his hands often and thoroughly to avoid the flu.

Principle Parts of a Verb

Simple Present Tense

1. A fact

a. I live in Sylmar.

b. I have a car.

c. The earth spins on its axes.

2. A repeated action. Habitual

a. Every Sunday I visit my sister.

b. Once a year I go to Florida.

3. A command.

a. Sit down.

b. Eat your food.

c. Answer the phone.

Verb + S

Used for singular noun subject

Base form of a verb = Plural. Except when using I and You

Notes 3: Tense and Consonants

Present Tense used for

1. Facts (Kobe Bryant plays for the Lakers. The Earth revolves around the Sun.)

2. Repetitive / Habitual (Lee goes to Mission College. My brother annoys me every day.)

3. Command (Open the door. Fill out this form.)

Past Tense

1. Used for an action that is over. It occurred in the past. (Kareem Abdul-Jabbar played basketball and won six NBA championships.)

2. Most regular verbs are formed by adding “ED”

Fundamental writing

I. Vowels

Short vowels Long Vowels

ă at ā ate

ĕ bet ē beat

ĭ kit ī kite

ŏ cot ō coat

ŭ cut ū cute

A Vowel becomes long when there is the presence of another vowel.

When two vowels go walking, the first one does the talking: mēat

II. Affixes

Root word : ACT

Reacting

Action

Deactivate

Prefix reacting suffix

Prefix: Comes at the beginning of the word, and changes the meaning of the word

e.g. legal illegal

Suffix: Comes at the end of the word, and changes the form of the word, not its meaning.

1. Changes the part of speech

a. beauty n.

b. beautiful adj.

c. beautifully adv

d. beautify v

2. Changes the a noun’s number from singular to plural

a. word + s = words

3. Changes the tense

a. “ed” makes a regular verb past tense

III. Syllables: a group of letters within a word that are pronounced together.

1 syllable: Cat

2 syllables: Com- pare

3 syllables: Se-lec-ting

When to double the final consonant: If all four questions are answered with a “yes”

1. Does the word end in a single consonant?

2. Does the base word have a single preceding vowel?

3. Does the suffix begin with a vowel?

4. Is the last syllable of the base accented?

Irregular verbs: you have to practice and learn.

Lesson 9 The future

The future tense is formed with will or shall + base

Homework Read and Complete Lesson 6, 7, 8, and 9

Notes 3: Tense and Consonants

Present Tense used for

4. Facts (Kobe Bryant plays for the Lakers. The Earth revolves around the Sun.)

5. Repetitive / Habitual (Lee goes to Mission College. My brother annoys me every day.)

6. Command (Open the door. Fill out this form.)

Past Tense

3. Used for an action that is over. It occurred in the past. (Kareem Abdul-Jabbar played basketball and won six NBA championships.)

4. Most regular verbs are formed by adding “ED”

Fundamental writing

I. Vowels

Short vowels Long Vowels

ă at ā ate

ĕ bet ē beat

ĭ kit ī kite

ŏ cot ō coat

ŭ cut ū cute

A Vowel becomes long when there is the presence of another vowel.

When two vowels go walking, the first one does the talking: mēat

II. Affixes

Root word : ACT

Reacting

Action

Deactivate

Prefix reacting suffix

Prefix: Comes at the beginning of the word, and changes the meaning of the word

e.g. legal illegal

Suffix: Comes at the end of the word, and changes the form of the word, not its meaning.

3. Changes the part of speech

a. beauty n.

b. beautiful adj.

c. beautifully adv

d. beautify v

4. Changes the a noun’s number from singular to plural

a. word + s = words

3. Changes the tense

a. “ed” makes a regular verb past tense

III. Syllables: a group of letters within a word that are pronounced together.

1 syllable: Cat

2 syllables: Com- pare

3 syllables: Se-lec-ting

When to double the final consonant: If all four questions are answered with a “yes”

5. Does the word end in a single consonant?

6. Does the base word have a single preceding vowel?

7. Does the suffix begin with a vowel?

8. Is the last syllable of the base accented?

Irregular verbs: you have to practice and learn.

Lesson 9 The future

The future tense is formed with will or shall + base

Homework Read and Complete Lesson 6, 7, 8, and 9

Notes 4: Perfect Tense

I. Unit 2 Quiz: Attachment 1

II. Unit 3: Lesson 10

A. Present Perfect

B. Past Perfect

C. Future Perfect

Review the tenses

Simple Present Past Past Perfect

|Base |Base + s |Past |Has/Have + Past participle |

|wave |waves |waved |has waved / have waved |

|think |thinks |thought |has thought / have thought |

A. Present Perfect Tense: includes

A. Helping verb “has”

B. Main verb

Have / has + past participle = Present perfect tense

“Have” has two functions

1. By itself it expresses possession

a. I have a car.

2. “Have” as a helping verb does not express possession. Instead, it functions to help express the time period of the action

a. I have worked.

I / You / Plural NS + have + past participle: I have gone / You have gone / They have gone

Singular NS + has + past participle: He has gone / She has gone / It has gone

Example:

Simple Present Past Perfect

|Base |Base +s |Past |Past participle |

|Work |Works |Worked |Worked |

I _______________ (work) here since 1989.

a. Helping verb “have”

b. Main verb “worked”

I have worked here since 1990.

THE VERB “Be”

“Be” has two functions

1. “Be” can be used as a main verb.

a. Susan is a teacher.

2. “Be” can function as a helping verb.

a. Susan is washing the car.

When did this action happen?

1. It began a long time ago and still continues in the present.

Susan has worked here since 1989

2. An action completed in the recent past.

I have already eaten.

Workbook: Complete pages 67-68

Examples:

a. The manager has written the report.

b. Sara has reviewed the report

c. John has studied.

Contractions: shortening

You combine two words.

1. Omit letters.

2. Place an apostrophe where the letters were.

I + have = I’ve

You + have = you’ve

Do + not = don’t

Practice OH Attachment 2

B. The Past Perfect

1. Had + Past Participle

2. You cannot use past participle by itself. An action that happened in the past, but occurred before another action.

Examples:

The plane landed when I arrived at the airport.

▪ At the same time.

The plane had landed when I arrived.

▪ I arrived late.

I finished my degree two years before I started teaching

▪ People speak this way, but grammatically it is incorrect.

I had finished my degree two years before I started teaching.

▪ This is the correct way.

Past Participle Overhead: Attachment 3

C. Future Perfect Tense

Will + have + past participle

Used when completing an action by a specific time. Think of it as a deadline.

Examples:

By 4 P.M. I will have graded your quizzes.

Sarah will have written the paper by next week.

Practice Overhead: Attachment 4

Homework

Complete Lesson 10

Notes

▪ Cross out V-ed and write Past Participle

▪ Auxiliary verb is the helping verb.

▪ P.54 add this: An action that will be completed in the future by a specific time.

Notes 5: Progressive Tenses

Lesson 11 Progressive Tenses

1. Some actions begin and end quickly.

a. Opened the door

b. Broke the window.

c. Dropped the pen

2. Other actions take much longer.

a. I talked for two hours.

b. I’ve been reading this book.

3. When do you use the Progressive Tense?

For the Progressive tense the actions goes on for a long period of time.

It is formed by combining BE = V=ing

4. Present Progressive is used when the action is happening in the immediate present i.e. NOW!

Am

Is + V- ing.

Are

a. I am teaching a class.

Helping Verb Main Verb

(Auxiliary verb)

5. When “to be” is by itself, is not progressive.

a. I am a teacher.

Main verb.

Present progressive practice Attachment 1

6. Spelling

|Base |Base +s |Past |Present participle |v-ing |

|Wave |Waves |Waved |Waved |waving |

Drop the silent e whenever you add a suffix that ends with a vowel.

|Base |Base +s |Past |Present participle |v-ing |

|Study |Studies |Studied |Studied |studying |

When the consonant proceeds a y drop the y and an i

Be +V-ing practice Attachment 2

The artist is drawing.

6. Past Progressive: an action that was over in the past, but it continued for a while.

was

were + V-ing

I was talking when he interrupted.

I was reading a book.

They were studying all night.

He was playing yesterday.

7. Future Progressive: an action in the future that will continue for a longer period.

Will + be + V-ing

I will be going to the park next week.

Future Progressive Exercise: Attachment 3

Homework Lesson 10 and 11

Workbook page 29

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