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Round 7Buzzer Question: “What is your favorite candy?”Tossups: This battle began as an attempt to prevent air strikes on the Marianas Islands, and its initial landing was commanded by Harry Schmidt. This battle was denoted Operation Detachment and movement off the beaches was facilitated by the work of the Seabees. Mass casualties were inflicted on marines during this battle by troops with flamethrowers in a tunnel system that had gone undetected. The site of this battle was reinforced by Japanese forces after their defeat at the Battle of Kwajalein. For ten points, name this battle of the Pacific Front of World War II, during which Joe Rosenthal took a picture of marines “Raising the Flag.”Answer: Battle of Iwo JimaA pattern of movement that occurs on the surface of a substance that exhibits this phenomenon is known as a boojum. Lev Landau predicted that substances exhibiting this behavior possess rotons, and this phenomenon can result in the formation of Rollins films. Substances exhibit this phenomenon when they drop below the lambda point, allowing for nuclei to form Cooper pairs in place of electrons. Typically exhibited by supercooled isotopes of liquid helium, this effect allows substances to “creep” up the surface of their containers. For ten points, name this property in which a substance possesses zero viscosity, thus allowing flow without the loss of energy. Answer: superfluidityAnton Reicha (RYE-kah) composed a bizarre twelve-movement piece of this type called “scientifique.” Names of groups who played this type of composition included “Takacs,” “Budapest,” and “Borodin.” Schubert also has 15 extant works in this type of music, including ones with titles “Rosamunde” and “Death and the Maiden.” One of these compositions known simply as the “Emperor” was created by Joseph Haydn, who is also considered the father of these compositions. For ten points, name this type of work with music written for a viola, a cello, and two violins.Answer: string quartetA poem written in this genre begins with the lines “Yet once more, O ye laurels, and once more/Ye myrtles brown, with ivy never sere” and questions “Who would not sing for Lycidas,” the titular character. The line “Thine are these orbs of light and shade” is in the second stanza of “In Memoriam,” a poem in this genre by Tennyson. Percy Bysshe Shelley’s poem in this genre genre laments “Death feeds on this mute voice, and laughs at our despair” and “his fate and fame shall be/An echo and a light unto eternity!” That poem, Adonais, is a poem of this genre .Thomas Gray created one that was “Written in a Country Churchyard.” For ten points this types of poem often used to lament loss, death, or invoke melancholy. Answer: elegy This man did research on proton radiography at the California Institute of Technology and also helped contribute research to Hauptman and Karle’s Nobel Prize in crystallography. One of this man’s projects involved making a stereoselective reductive amination reaction, or as his brother in law says, the “old school biker” way. He took up teaching at J. P. Wynne High School after leaving a company he co-founded, Gray Matter Technologies. He later dies in Jack’s compound while rescuing his assistant, Jesse Pinkman. For ten points, operating under the name “Heisenberg”, name this chemistry teacher turned meth kingpin.Answer: Walter Hartwell White Sr. [accept “Heisenberg” until mentioned]In the early years of this nation’s republic it fought the Acre war with its neighbor and suffered a series of uprisings known as the Armada Revolts. Its one time president Washington Luis was ousted during the October Coup of 1930, which brought an end to its “coffee and milk politics.” This country was also home to an era of totalitarian rule known as the Estado Novo, which was initiated by its longtime dictator Getulio Vargas. Slavery was officially ended in this nation by the “Golden Law,” which was enacted by its emperor, Dom Pedro II. Famously discovered by Pedro Cabral this is, for ten points, what South American nation whose largest city is Sao Paulo?Answer: BrazilThe county seat of Sheboygan County lies on the banks of this body of water as does the White River Light Station Museum and parts of the Huron-Manistee National Forest. Some beach towns by this body of water include Muskegon and St. Joseph. Because of the dangers of the Straits of Mackinac, there are many shipwrecks in this body of water including the Eber Ward and Sandusky. The college town Evanston is located near this body of water, and some basins of this lake are Kalamazoo and Green Bay. For ten points, name this only Great Lake located entirely within the United States, whose banks border Milwaukee and Chicago. Answer: Lake Michigan One character in this work claims to have been a student at West Point in order to impress the model Miss Forsythe. Another character in this work remarks that a man is “worth more dead than alive,” when his neighbor Charley gives him some money to pay his life insurance premium. A pen is impulsively stolen in one scene of this play and a flashback reveals that the titular man had an affair with his receptionist Miss Harvey. An implied offstage car crash kills the protagonist of this play. For ten points, name this Arthur Miller play following the tumultuous relationship between Willy Loman and his son Biff.Answer: Death of a SalesmanWhile studying this interaction, James Bjorken determined scaling effects in particle behavior. The Yukawa potential helps approximate a decrease in the residual version of this interaction. As the energy scale increases, this interaction becomes weaker- this is its property of asymptotic freedom. Confinement is a property preventing the emission of this force. The SU (3) group helps describe how color charges are related to this force, mediating interactions between gluons in the theory of quantum chromodynamics. For ten points, name this fundamental force that binds particles in the nucleus of an atom.Answer: strong forceOne dissent in this case uses the example of the Tillman to showcase how the majority departed from past jurisprudence. A concurring opinion in this court case by Justice Roberts and joined by Justice Alito argued that this case could not decide upon narrower Constitutional grounds. This court case overruled Austin v. Michigan Chamber of Commerce. This court case concerned the airing of a documentary ahead of certain Democratic primaries. This court case enabled the creation of Super PACs and overturned the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act. For ten points, name this court case that ruled that campaign donations by corporations are protected by the First Amendment.Answer: Citizens United v. Federal Election CommissionThis man once served under Zengi’s son Nur-Ad-Din but later came into conflict with the Zengids during his conquest of Homs. Various accounts claim that he personally executed his longtime enemy Raynald de Chatillon. He battled his most famous rival during a siege of Jaffa and he was earlier routed at the Battle of Arsuf. This man conquered the Fatimid Caliphate in Egypt and trounced the forces of King Guy de Lusignan at the Battle of Hattin. Aside from founding the Ayyubid Dynasty, this man may be known for capturing the city of Jerusalem from the Crusaders. For ten points, name this Kurdish Sultan who notably fought with Richard I during the Third Crusade.Answer: Saladin or An-Nasir Salah ad-Din Yusuf ibn AyyubThis man was the governor of Connecticut for only one day before vacating his post to fill a seat in the US Senate, where he served for almost nine years. During one journey he was able to confirm the location of Vitcos and he may have been preceded in his most famous discovery by Augusto Berns. Enrique Palmas helped guide this man, whose most famous expedition aimed to find Vilcabamba, which was believed to be near Cuzco, Peru. For ten points, name this American historian and explorer, who made public the existence of the lost Incan city of Machu Picchu. Answer: Hiram BinghamThe number one cause of acquired epilepsy results from a member of this phylum, and this phylum includes a clade known as Monogenea, which mostly live in the gills of certain fish. Members of the Turbellaria class are the only free living members of the phylum and most organisms in this phylum have layered lamellae in their epidermis known as rhabdites. Members of this phylum excrete waste using flame cells, and some use a structure known as a haptor, which helps them anchor onto to their hosts. These acoelomates evolved some of the earliest bilateral symmetry. For ten points, name this phylum that includes various flatworms such as planarians, flukes, and tapeworms.Answer: Platyhelminthes [accept “flatworms” until read]An English legend states that one of these creatures, known as a knucker, lived in a well in Sussex. In French folklore, Saint Martha legendarily tamed the Tarasque, one of these creatures. One of these creatures in Greek mythology was known as Ladon while another of these was killed by Susano’o and was known as Orochi. In Norse myth, the dwarf Fáfnir turned into one of these creatures but was ultimately slain by Sigurd. Two of these creatures were predicted to dwell beneath a castle by a young Merlin and one of these is often depicted fighting the Archangel Michael. For ten points, name these mythical creatures, one of which was famously defeated by St. George. Answer: dragon In a poem by this man, “the terrible mothers/Lifted their heads” for a man whose “eyes did not close/When he saw the horns near.” He is perhaps the most famous member of the Generation of ‘27. This author created a vengeful moon that wants to take revenge on mankind by allowing Leonardo to fight a groom. In another work by this author, an 18 year old confesses her love to her 53 year old husband who left her and returned disguised as a puppeteer. Three of his plays are often grouped together as the “Rural Trilogy”, including his play about the childless Yerma. For ten points each, name this Spanish author of Lament for the Death of a Bullfighter and The House of the Bernarda Alba. Answer: Frederico Garcia LorcaOne example of this type of work by Rene Moncada says “I am the best artist” and notable artists who work in this medium include Ben Eine and Shepard Fairey. One documentary follows Thierry [terry] Guetta’s passion for this genre. Exit Through the Gift Shop focused on this kind of art, examples of which include the famous “Balloon Girl” mural and a historical example of this genre during World War II featured pictures proclaiming “Kilroy was here.” Many works of this type are made with spray paint stencils. For ten points, Banksy is known for what type of art usually done in high traffic public areas, which includes specialized videography and graffiti. Answer: street art; urban art [accept “graffiti” until mentioned]This politician moved to Coconut Grove in Florida to avoid German-Americans who despised Prohibition, and attacked Theodore Roosevelt for meeting with Booker T. Washington. This politician criticized the theory of evolution in his Prince of Peace speech, and he also founded a magazine known as The Commoner. This man later resigned as Woodrow Wilson’s Secretary of State after the sinking of the Lusitania. This supporter of bimetallism lost to William McKinley in the 1896 Presidential Election, and famously debated Clarence Darrow in the Scope trial. For ten points, name this politician who gave the Cross of Gold speech.Answer: William Jennings BryanThe build-up of these phenomena are described by Green’s Law. Their “meteo-” forms are produced through rapid chains of altering barometric pressure and their speed is increased due to the effects of shoaling. These events are typically preceded by a drawback and they are typically formed from the activity of the vertical displacement generated by a thrust fault. Another common name for these phenomena comes from their resemblance to an abnormally high bore, and they can be hard to detect because their amplitude only reaches dangerous heights when they approach the shore. For ten points, name this catastrophic oceanic events, one of which precipitated the Fukushima disaster. Answer: tsunamis or tidal wavesThis man characterized Rome as a Babylon in his seminal religious work Of Reformation. One of his dramas begins with the titular character imprisoned by the Philistines, his hair shaved, and his eyes gouged out. Aside from writing Samson Agonistes this author wrote “mirth with thee, I mean to live,” in one of his poems and he also created a notable critique of censorship named after a hill in Athens. His most famous work invokes the muse Urania and describes the founding of Pandemonium. This author famously penned the line “tis better to reign in hell than to serve in heaven,” and also wrote L’Allegro and Areopagitica. For ten points, name this English statesman and poet, who wrote about the fall of man in his Paradise Lost. Answer: John MiltonThe creation of analogical models are integral to this activity according to Mary Hesse. What could and could not be considered this activity was referred to as the “demarcation problem” in 20th century philosophy. This activity operates under epistemological anarchy, or a lack of rules, according to Paul Feyerabend. The existence of a black swan is an example of the criterion of falsifiability for this activity put forth by Karl Popper. Francis Bacon proposed a new way of doing this activity in Novum Organum. For 10 points, making hypotheses and designing experiments are part of the method for what sort of academic inquiry?Answer: science [or scientific research; or scientific method]The tributary of the Kabompo merges with this river near Lukulu. Other tributaries of this river include the Lungwebunglu and the Luanginga, but the largest one is the Kafue River. The Cuando River flows into this river near the Kazungula Ferry. The upper part of this river lies on the Barotse flood plain and Chavuma Falls forms a border between two countries on this river. The Kariba Dam lies on this river and this river feeds into Victoria Falls. For ten points, name this river that forms the border between Zimbabwe and its northern border.Answer: Zambezi or Zambesi RiverBonuses: In English,a grammatical mood allows speakers to signal their attitude towards what they say. For ten points each:[10] This mood refers to factual statements or positive beliefs. “You are playing quizbowl” and “I think you are all great competitors” are examples of this mood. Answer: indicative or evidential mood[10] Did you know that most languages do not have a special mood for asking questions? However, English uses this one.Answer: interrogative[10] When I asked you to “Do a buzzer check”, I really wasn’t asking your permission. Name this mood used for making commands and earnest requests.Answer: imperativeWriters such as Tom Wolfe, Joan Didion, and Hunter S. Thompson championed this genre. For ten points each:[10] Name this genre, characterized by the inclusion of factual events and real historical accounts. Answer: nonfiction [10] What author of Other Voices, Other Rooms also wrote about the murder of the Clutter family in what is often considered the first nonfiction novel?Answer: Truman Capote[10] Another major writer in the genre of creative nonfiction was this man, who won the Pulitzer Prize for his book Armies of the Night. He also described his military service in the Philippines in The Naked and the Dead. Answer: Norman MailerDuring the Cold War the USSR employed numerous agents to uncover critical information in the US. Name some notable Soviet spies for ten points each:[10] This couple provided information regarding nuclear weapon designs, sonar, and jet propulsion systems to the KGB until their 1953 arrest. They were later executed in the gas chamber for treason against the United States.Answer: Julius and Ethel Rosenberg[10] Though he maintained his innocence throughout his life, Whitaker Chambers accused this government official of being a Soviet spy during several testimonies before HUAC. This man was later incarcerated on several counts of perjury.Answer: Alger Hiss[10] Convicted in 1994, this former CIA officer had revealed the identities of more than ten key CIA and FBI counter-Soviet agents to the KGB. He remains imprisoned at Terra Haute Federal Correctional Institute.Answer: Aldrich AmesThe behaviors of this phenomenon are described in the Fresnel Equations. For ten points each:[10] Name this phenomenon, in which waves of light alter direction when passing through a different medium. It is often described as having a “bending” effect. Answer: refraction[10] The relationship between refraction and light’s angle of incidence into a medium is described by this equation. This law can be used to calculate an object’s refractive index by calculating the sines of a ray’s direction. Answer: Snell’s Law[10] When a ray of polarized light enters a medium without undergoing any form of reflection, that ray of light must be entering at this angle. When light is reflected at this angle of incidence it will be perfectly polarized. Answer: Brewster’s AngleThe Greek inscription at the top of this painting predicts the Second Coming of Christ. The work itself features a sleeping Joseph while twelve angels carry olive branches above a manger where Mary watches the baby Jesus. For ten points each:[10] Name this 1500 depiction of the birth of Christ, the only painting signed by its artist.Answer: The Mystical Nativity (accept The Mystic Nativity)[10] The Mystical Nativity was painted by this Florentine artist, who also created The Birth of Venus and La Primavera.Answer: Sandro Botticelli (accept Alessandro di Mariano di Vanni Filipepi)[10] The Mystical Nativity shows the influence of this Italian Dominican friar who convinced Botticelli to burn some of his paintings in the Bonfire of the Vanities.Answer: Fra Girolamo SavonarolaOne novel set in this country follows Reverend Stephen Kumalo, who goes to the city in order to help his sister Gertrude. For ten points each: [10] Name this country, home to such authors as Alan Paton and John Coetzee. Answer: South Africa[10] This South African writer has addressed apartheid in many of her works, including a novel about the Smale family, July’s People. Answer: Nadine Gordimer[10] This Gordimer novel follows Rosa, a physiotherapist in South Africa, as she embraces her father’s legacy as an anti-apartheid activist and member of the South African Communist Party. Answer: Burger’s DaughterThe Catholic church has many religious orders. For ten points answer some questions about one of them:[10] Pope Francis is the first pope to be a member of this religious order. It has founded such colleges as Georgetown and Boston College.Answer: Jesuit or Society of Jesus [10] This founder of the Jesuit order is also a patron saint of soldiers and wrote The Spiritual Exercises. Answer: St. Ignatius of Loyola [10] This other founder of the Jesuit order was made a Papal Nuncio in the East and evangelized in India and Japan.Answer: St. Francis XavierDuring this process groups of chromosomes known as tetrads are formed. For ten points each:[10] Name this process that produces four daughter cells with the chromosome number n from one parent cell of chromosome number 2n.Answer: meiosis[10] This process that takes place in Prophase I of meiosis involves the transposing of DNA between homologous chromosomes and helps increase genetic diversity.Answer: crossing over[10] This is the process when an error in Anaphase I causes some daughter cells to have an unusual chromosome number, often by producing gametes with two copies of a chromosome rather than one. This process can cause disorders like Down Syndrome and Klinefelter syndrome.Answer: nondisjunctionFor ten points each, name these events in which the United States gained land:[10] This exchange conducted by Thomas Jefferson doubled the size of the country and occurred in part because Napoleon had lost control of Haiti.Answer: Louisiana Purchase[10] The purchase of Alaska from Russia was conducted by this Secretary of State who served under Abraham Lincoln.Answer: William Henry Seward[10] The United States gained the southern parts of Arizona and New Mexico from Mexico through this purchase. Answer: Gadsden PurchaseThis composer struggled in his relationship with George Sand and based one of his pieces on the failed November Uprising. For ten points each:[10] Name this composer of the Raindrop Prelude and the Revolutionary Etude.Answer: Frédéric Fran?ois Chopin; Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin[10] Chopin may be better known for this short composition that was supposedly inspired by a dog chasing its own tail. Answer: Waltz in D flat major Op. 64 No. 1 or the “Minute Waltz”[10] Chopin was inspired to compose some of his preludes based on this work by J.S. Bach, a collection of preludes and fugues in 24 keys.Answer: The Well-Tempered ClavierAnswer the following about computers, for ten points each:[10] These things record data by engraving a spiral into plastic that refracts light to record Data. They were primarily used to store music but also stored other types of data.Answer: compact discs[10] This hardware component stores recently accessed material to allow quicker access and shares its name with a similar function in internet browsers.Answer: caches[10]This form of data can be written and accessed in almost real time regardless of its location on the computer. It stores the data on the computer that is currently being used.Answer: Random Access MemoryThis work examined sociocultural formulations through binary opposites based on sensory qualities. For 10 points each:[10] Name this first volume of Mythologiques that analyses 187 Amerindian myths from a structuralist perspective. Its name chiefly refers to the two primary means types of food consumed by many cultures. Answer: The Raw and the Cooked [or Le Cru et Le Cuit][10] This French thinker authored The Raw and the Cooked as well as The Savage Mind and Tristes Tropiques.Answer: Claude Levi-Strauss[10] Levi-Strauss and this other man are believed to be the founders of modern mythography. This man is known for works such as The Hero with a Thousand Faces and The Masks of God. Answer: Joseph CampbellAnswer the following about the southern tip of South America, for ten points each:[10] Name this island divided between Chile and Argentina that was named for what appeared to be a collection of fires to European explorers.Answer: Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego[10] Tierra del Fuego is separated from the South American mainland by this strait, named for an explorer whose crew was the first to circumnavigate the globe.Answer: Strait of Magellan or Estrecho de Magallanes[10] This other archipelago near the Strait of Magellan is claimed by Argentina, who calls them the Malvinas [Mal-BEE-nas].Answer: Falkland Islands 14. In 1956, this waterway was nationalized, sparking an namesake crisis that involved France, Great Britain, and Israel.[10] Name this waterway that connects the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. ANSWER: Suez Canal[10] This leader nationalized the Suez Canal soon after seizing power from his predecessor Muhammad Naguib. This Pan-Arabist created the United Arab Republic by joining his country with Syria.ANSWER: Gamal Abdel Nasser [10]During a 1960s civil war in what is now this modern country, Nasser supported Arab nationalist republicans against the ruling Mutawakkilite royalists. ANSWER: North Yemen 15. For ten points each, answer some questions about a censured British author:[10] In this novel, Paul Morel struggles with his feelings for Miriam, Clara, and his mother, but he ultimately ends up alone.Answer: Sons and Lovers[10] This author of Sons and Lovers also wrote such poems as “Snake” and the short story, “The Rocking-Horse Winner.”Answer: D.H. Lawrence [10] In this other novel by D.H. Lawrence, Connie Reid has an affair with Oliver Mellors and carries his child. Her husband, Clifford, does not agree to a divorce. Answer: Lady Chatterley’s Lover 16. Along with Maxwell and Boltzmann, he helped shape statistical mechanics and he received the first PhD in engineering offered in the U.S. For ten points each:[10] Name this scientist who discovered a quantity that determines if a reaction is spontaneous, his namesake free energy.Answer: Josiah Gibbs[10] Josiah Gibbs proposed this rule, which relates the number of degrees of freedom, the number of components, and the number of phases in thermodynamic equilibrium.Answer: Gibbs phase rule[10] According to the phase rule, a single component system in a three phase mixture can only exist in this spot, where the temperature and pressure are in thermodynamic equilibrium.Answer: triple point 17. This Hindu deity gave Ganesh the head of an elephant at the behest of his wife, Parvati.For ten points each:[10] Name this god of destruction that makes up the Trimurti with Vishnu and Brahma.Answer: Shiva[10] Shiva is said to do a cosmic variety of this activity, which represents the cycle of the universe, called the Tandava. At one point he almost destroys the world while performing this action. Answer: dance[10] Besides Ganesh, Shiva had this other son by Parvati who is often depicted riding a peacock. He is sometimes viewed as a war god sired by six mothers. Answer: Kartikeya [also accept Murugan, Skanda, Subrahmanya, or Kumara] 18. In one poem this author instructs the reader to “Gather ye rosebuds while ye may.” For ten points each:[10] Name this poet, who wrote poems like “To the Virgins, to make much of time” and “Delight in Disorder.”Answer: Robert Herrick[10] Herrick, along with other poets such as Richard Lovelace, was a member of this group of British poets who supported Charles I during the English Civil War.Answer: Cavalier Poets[10] “To the Virgins, to make much of time” is often considered to be this type of poem, based on an aphorism invented by the Latin poet Horace. Answer: “carpe diem” 19. For 10 points each, answer some questions about Rome’s presence in the British Isles:[10] This wall, built in 112 CE in modern-day England under the orders of the namesake Roman Emperor, served to establish the boundary of Roman Brittania and possibly acted as a taxation checkpoint.Answer: Hadrian's Wall[10] About 60 years before Hadrian’s Wall, this queen of the Iceni Celts led tribes in a revolt against Rome. A famous statue of her in London mistakenly has her chariot wheels furnished with scythes, a Persian practice.Answer: Boudicca or Boadicea[10] This group of Roman soldiers faced off against Boudicca’s troops at modern-day Colchester but was mostly wiped out. One popular but mostly-debunked theory has this group annihilated in Caledonia and their Eagle Standard taken by the Brigantes tribe.Answer: Spanish Ninth Legion or Legio IX Hispana 20. This band released their debut album, Bleach, under Subpop Records in 1989, two yearsbefore they released their most popular album, Nevermind. For ten points each:[10] Name this 90’s grunge band led by frontman Kurt Cobain.Answer: NirvanaThis other grunge band is well-known for their album Superunknown, which included the track “Black Hole Sun.” It was led by the late Chris Cornell.Answer: Soundgarden[10] Soundgarden and other rock bands like Pearl Jam and Alice in Chains were all formed in this American city.Answer: Seattle21. Women’s subservience in society and the persistence of dogma in the face of contrary evidence are themes within this geometry-based satire. For ten points each:[10] Name this 1884 novella, written by British school teacher Edwin Abbott Abbott, which contains the adventures of A. Square, a 2-dimensional figure who learns that there might be a third dimension. Answer: Flatland: A Romance of Many Dimensions[10] Sphereland, a sequel of Flatland, contains a surveyor who is ostracised by the community for suggesting that a triangle could have angle measurement of more than 180 degrees. That triangle is an example of this form of geometry, which departs from that of an Alexandrian mathematician.Answer: Non-Euclidian Geometry[10] In Flatterland, the protagonist travels to the Topological Dimension and meets a one-sided cow named Moobius. Moobius sells milk in these theoretical non-orientable containers, which, like a Mobius strip, only have one side. Answer: Klein Bottle ................
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