PDF Supported Employment Resources: A Categorized Bibliography ...

[Pages:382]Supported Employment Resources: A Categorized Bibliography May 2006

Compiled by Jessica Peters Indiana Institute on Disability and Community-- Indiana University

2853 East Tenth Street Bloomington IN 47408 David Mank, Ph.D. Director

Indiana's University Center for Excellence on Developmental Disabilities iidc.indiana.edu

Supported Employment Resources

Supported employment allows individuals with disabilities who might otherwise be unable to hold a job to enter the workforce. Support services allow individuals with disabilities to work in competitive employment. Ranging from employer's guides to research articles, a number of publications have been generated on this topic in recent years. By reviewing the available literature on supported employment, employers and policy-makers may be better able to recognize which strategies work, and which have been less successful.

Information on supported employment was gathered from several sources. The Library of Congress, PubMed, and Indiana University Catalog databases were searched through EndNote, using the terms "supported employment", "customized employment", and "school to work transition" along with "disability". These terms were then searched in ERIC (EBSCO) and PsycINFO and imported into EndNote. Additionally, works by the following authors were found in ERIC (EBSCO) and imported into EndNote: John Butterworth, Michael Callahan, Dale Dileo, Carey Griffin, Teresa Grossi, William Kiernan, John Kregel, Richard Leucking, David Mank, Jan Nisbet, Grant Revell, Patricia Rogan, Keith Storey, and Paul Wehman. Google Scholar and were searched for the same search terms and authors. In addition, a doctoral student's dissertation references and the reference sections of several newer articles were reviewed for further sources. Finally, a review of supported employment websites (listed at the end of the document) uncovered a few more useful resources. Articles which did not appear to fit the topic and sources published before 1993 are not included.

Sources are listed alphabetically by topic. The topics are not mutually exclusive, so one article may be listed under several categories. When available, the author's abstract is listed under each citation.

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Category Best Practices, Demonstration Programs Conversion from Sheltered Workshops Cost Studies Customized Employment Employer Roles Employment and Behavior Issues Employment Assessment, Discovery Process Employment, Housing, Transportation Supports Incentives, Disincentives, SSA Job Development Natural Supports School to Work Transition Self Employment, Small Businesses Severe Disabilities Supported Employment Websites

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51 79 123 136 161 195 208 225 237 258 308 313 381

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Best Practices, Demonstration Programs

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TASH Newsletter, 1997. (1997). TASH Newsletter, 23(1-10).

Ten issues of the 1997 newsletter of TASH comprise this document. An issue typically contains news items, a column by the organization's executive director, reports from special interest groups, legislative testimony, conference information, and several major articles, such as the following: "Multicultural Perspectives: Excerpts from Opening Plenary Session Remarks of Beth Henry"; "Celebration of Twenty Years of Circle of Friends" (Marsha Forest and others); "A Reflection of Parent Empowerment" (M. Carmen S. Ramirez); "School Inclusion and Social Relationships in Italy" (Carol Berrigan and Dennis Taylor); "India's Story: How IDEA Protected Her Rights" (Barbara and M. Wayne Dyer); "Frequently Asked Questions about Part B of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act"; "Isn't It about Achieving Balance? Participation in Content-Area Classes and Community-Based Instruction in Secondary Schools" (John McDonnell); "Inclusion in the Public Schools: Strategies for Parents" (Mark Partin); "What We Want: By Self-Advocates Becoming Empowered, the New Self-Advocacy Organization" (Rick Betts and others); "The Underachievement of Supported Employment: A Call for Reinvestment" (David Mank); "Positive Behavioral Support with Families" (Joseph M. Lucyshyn and others); "Take Risks, Ride the River" (Barbara Buswell); "No Time for Silence" (Douglas Biklen); "Blending Best Practices for Young Children: Inclusive Early Childhood Programs" (Marquita Grenot-Scheyer and others); "One Community's Efforts To Promote Child Care Inclusion" (Dianne Apter and Pam Walker); "Dave Hingsburger's Hot Fudge Sunday'" (Dave Hingsburger); "Practical and Useful Tools for Change" (Marsha Forest and Jack Pearpoint); "Standing in Support, Not Control: Training toward Self-Reliance, Inc." (Pam Walker); "Conversion from Facility-Based to Community-Based Employment Supports: Preliminary Results of a National Study" (Pat Rogan and others); "Why Are We Reinstitutionalizing People during the Day?" (Leslie L. Wilson); "People First Members Work To Tear Down Institution Walls"; "Supported Employment: Ten Years After" (Michael West and others); "Children with Disabilities in Youth Sports" (Cynthia Burkhour); "Inclusion as a Force for School Renewal" (John O'Brien and Connie Lyle O'Brien); "Solution Circle: Getting Unstuck: A Creative Problem Solving Tool" (Jack Pearpoint and Marsha Forest); "Gay Man with Disabilities Troubled by Life's Barriers" (Anne Harris); "Inclusion and the 1997 IDEA Amendments" (Frank Laski); "Self-Determination and the Search for Community" (Dennis Harkins); "Self-Determination: Transferring Agency Control by Re-Thinking Its Role" (James Dehem and Lisa Chapman); "Self-Determination--A Family Perspective" (Cameron Tease); "Self-Advocates Discuss What Self-Determination Has Meant to Them". (DB)

Ackerman, G. W., & McReynolds, C. J. (2005). Strategies to Promote Successful Employment of People with Psychiatric Disabilities. Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling. Special Issue: Psychiatric Rehabilitation, 36(4), 35-40.

Achieving successful employment outcomes for people with psychiatric disabilities continues to be one of the greatest challenges for rehabilitation counselors. This is particularly true now that people with psychiatric disabilities constitute the largest client population for vocational rehabilitation agencies. Given the magnitude and complexity of the challenge, rehabilitation counselors need to utilize every strategy available to assist people with psychiatric disabilities in becoming successfully employed. Psychiatric rehabilitation intervention methods will be discussed, emphasizing the use of job trainers in working with individuals with psychiatric disabilities. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA) (journal abstract)

Arksey, H. (2003). People into Employment: supporting people with disabilities and carers into work. Health Soc Care Community, 11(3), 283-292.

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Carers and people with disabilities are two disadvantaged groups at risk of social exclusion. Work is an important route to social inclusion, but carers and people with disabilities are underrepresented in the work force. The present paper reports key findings from a new study that evaluated People into Employment (PIE), a pilot employment project in the north-east of England designed to support people with disabilities, carers and former carers in gaining mainstream work. The study aimed to identify what clients, partner agencies and employers perceived to be PIE's most important services, its strengths and areas where there was scope for further development. The study collected quantitative and qualitative data at the mid-point and at the end of the project through two questionnaire surveys, and interviews with PIE clients, the project development officer, partner agencies and employers. Drawing on the 'pathway model', the findings show that PIE's interventions included mobilising, matching, mediating and supporting activities. Key ingredients in PIE's success include: tailor-made job-search activities and training; adjusting the pace at which people move towards sustained employment; recognising and responding to the differing needs of people with disabilities, carers and former carers; confidence boosting; accompanying clients to job interviews; good job matching; and ongoing practical and emotional support for both clients and employers. Rudimentary calculations suggest that the cost per job to the project is less than the cost per job for large national projects. Overall, these findings illustrate how access to employment via flexible job-search services geared up to the local labour market can successfully promote social inclusion for carers and people with disabilities.

Barcus, M. E., Blankenship, T. E., Turner, E. E., Wehman, P. E., & Galloway, G. E. (2000). Advocacy & Supported Employment for People with Disabilities: A Guide & Workbook for Individuals with Disabilities & Service Providers.

This guide and workbook is a tool to be used to assist people with disabilities to play an active role in their job search. It provides ideas and examples to help individuals with disabilities and their job coaches through the process. Chapter titles for the workbook include: (1) "Power and Influence" (Valerie Brooke); (2) "Equality" (Paul Wehman); (3) "It's Up to Us: Practice and Attitudes Can Not Be Legislated" (Valerie Brooke); (4) "Maximizing Opportunities and Resources for Employment" (Teresa Grossi); (5) "Consumer Advocacy and Supported Employment" (Paul Wehman); (6) "Customer Initiated Supported Employment" (Michael Barcus and others); (7) "Training in Self-Advocacy and Future Planning" (Ed Turner and others); (8) "Peer Mentoring" (Ed Turner and others); and (9) "Personal Assistance Services" (Ed Turner and others). The information packet also includes a newsletter, "The Customer Is Right," that focuses on personal assistance services in the workplace. A 12-minute videotape recording, "Today's New Workforce: An Untapped Labor Pool," accompanies the guide and is suitable for staff training as well as marketing supported employment to individuals who are interested in facilitating employment for individuals with significant physical disabilities. The content focuses on job restructuring and assisted technology applications. (Contains 17 references.) (CR)

Barrett, J. C. (2003). Being an effective workplace Personal Assistant. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation. Special Issue: Personal Assistance Services in the Workplace, 18(2), 93-97.

This article will discuss the importance of workplace personal assistants and how they can best support employees with significant disabilities in meaningful careers. The author will share insights from his experience supporting an employee with a significant disability in a variety of professional environments. Many best practices and attributes of an effective workplace personal assistant will be described. Providing workplace personal assistance can be both a valuable support to the employee with a disability and a meaningful career for those who wish to provide this valuable service. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA) (journal abstract)

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Becker, D. R., & Drake, R. E. (2006). Supported employment interventions are effective for people with severe mental illness. Evid Based Ment Health, 9(1), 22.

Bond, G. R. (2004). Supported employment: evidence for an evidence-based practice. Psychiatr Rehabil J, 27(4), 345-359.

Supported employment for people with severe mental illnesses is an evidence-based practice, based on converging findings from 4 studies of the conversion of day treatment to supported employment and 9 randomized controlled trials comparing supported employment to a variety of alternative approaches. These two lines of research suggest that between 40% and 60% of consumers enrolled in supported employment obtain competitive employment while less than 20% of similar consumers do so when not enrolled in supported employment. Consumers who hold competitive jobs for a sustained period of time show benefits such as improved self-esteem and better symptom control, although by itself, enrollment in supported employment has no systematic impact on nonvocational outcomes, either on undesirable outcomes, such as rehospitalization, or on valued outcomes, such as improved quality of life. The psychiatric rehabilitation field has achieved consensus on a core set of principles of supported employment, although efforts continue to develop enhancements. A review of the evidence suggests strong support for 4 of 7 principles of supported employment, while the evidence for the remaining 3 is relatively weak. Continued innovation and research on principles is recommended.

Bond, G. R., Becker, D. R., Drake, R. E., Rapp, C. A., Meisler, N., Lehman, A. F., et al. (2001). Implementing supported employment as an evidence-based practice. Psychiatr Serv, 52(3), 313322.

Supported employment for people with severe mental illness is an evidence-based practice, based on converging findings from eight randomized controlled trials and three quasi-experimental studies. The critical ingredients of supported employment have been well described, and a fidelity scale differentiates supported employment programs from other types of vocational services. The effectiveness of supported employment appears to be generalizable across a broad range of client characteristics and community settings. More research is needed on long-term outcomes and on cost-effectiveness. Access to supported employment programs remains a problem, despite their increasing use throughout the United States. The authors discuss barriers to implementation and strategies for overcoming them based on successful experiences in several states.

Botterbusch, K., & Menz, F. E. (1995). Diffusion Network Project. Final Report. Volume I: Technical Report. Volume II: Program Descriptions. Volume III: Coding Instructions and Variables.

The goals of this project were to demonstrate the use of a diffusion approach to develop replicable effective community-based models which pursue community integration goals for individuals with severe disabilities, and to extend the adoption of community-based integration practices by rehabilitation and consumer organizations. The project established 11 communitybased and community-designed rehabilitation programs to provide employment and independent living services to consumers with psychiatric disabilities (N=187) or traumatic brain injury (N=29). Most clients moved into independent housing during their first 6 months with local programs. Unemployment among clients was reduced from 72% to 35%, although these jobs generally remained unskilled, part-time, and low-wage. The first volume of the project report analyzes consumer characteristics, program participation, consumer benefits, impact on facilities, capacity building, shared program characteristics, best practices, and common problems found among local programs. The first volume also describes data collection and analysis procedures.

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The second volume provides descriptions of each local program, including the Vocational Options Model (Duluth, Minnesota); Project SAFE (Skill Acquisition For Employment) (South St. Paul, Minnesota); Supported Employment Program (Faribault, Minnesota); Scott-Carver Employability Project (Shakopee, Minnesota); Living Independently Through Employment Support (Milwaukee, Wisconsin); CMI Employment/Community Integration Services (Medford, Wisconsin); Coordinated Employment Services (Buffalo, Minnesota); Transitional Employment Options (Fergus Falls, Minnesota); Supported Employment for Persons with TBI (Sheboygan, Wisconsin); Community Connections Program (Milwaukee, Wisconsin); and Community-Based Employment Program for Persons with Traumatic Brain Injury (Appleton, Wisconsin). Numerous appendices provide program administration materials. The third volume contains coding instructions and lists of variables for consumer referral and demographic information, consumer progress and outcomes, and consumer success. (PB)

Brooke, V., & et al. (1995). Toward a Customer-Driven Approach of Supported Employment. Education and Training in Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities, 30(4), 308-320.

This paper describes a customer-driven approach to supported employment in which people with disabilities are able to exert choice and control. Best practices in supported employment are reviewed and contrasted with practices presently operating. Specific information on how a customer can select a supported employment provider (renamed a community employment specialist) is offered. (Author/DB)

Brooke, V., Green, H., O'Brien, D., White, B., & Armstrong, A. (2000). Supported employment: It's working in Alabama. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 14(3), 163-171.

Examines the changes that one southern state made to improve the quality of employment services for individuals with significant disabilities. A new supported employment payment system is shared that compensates the employment service providers based upon the outcomes achieved by the employee in competitive employment. In addition, a newly developed personnel training certificate program is presented that integrates the new payment system with best practices in supported employment using an employee-directed approach. Participant training data and preliminary outcomes that demonstrate the supported employment quality improvements are described. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA)

Brooke, V. E., & et al. (1997). Supported Employment Handbook: A Customer-Driven Approach for Persons with Significant Disabilities.

This manual provides training information for implementing supported employment by using a customer-driven approach. Chapter 1, "Supported Employment: A Customer-Driven Approach" (Valerie Brooke and others), describes current best practices, a new customer-driven approach to supported employment, and the role of the employment specialist. Chapter 2, "Organizational Marketing" (Amy Armstrong and others), discusses developing and implementing a marketing strategy for supported employment programs. The following chapter, "Customer Profile" (Wendy Parent and others), describes the process of developing a customer profile to assist individuals in finding a job. Chapter 4, "Job Development: The Path to Careers" (Karen Flippo and others), discusses techniques for increasing customer involvement in job development, developing business partnerships, crafting the job search plan, job analysis, and accommodations. The next chapter, "Employment Selection" (J. Michael Barcus and others), describes how to assist a customer in applying for a job and job interviewing, and activities that need to be coordinated prior to a customer's first day of work. Chapter 6, "Job Site Training" (Katherine Inge), discusses job duty and task analysis, natural supports and cues, instructional strategies, self-management,

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