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D. WALLER – PERIOD 4 ASSESSMENTQuestion 1 – 4 refers to the following passage from Marbury v. Madison (1803): ...The authority, therefore, given to the Supreme Court by the act establishing the judicial courts of the United States to issue writs of mandamus to public officers appears not to be warranted by the Constitution, and it becomes necessary to inquire whether a jurisdiction so conferred can be exercised....The question whether an act repugnant to the Constitution can become the law of the land is a question deeply interesting to the United States...That the people have an original right to establish for their future government such principles as, in their opinion, shall most conduce to their own happiness is the basis on which the whole American fabric has been erected... This original and supreme will organizes the government and assigns to different departments their respective powers.... [Within] the government of the United States... The powers of the legislature are defined and limited; and that those limits may not be mistaken or forgotten, the Constitution is written.-Marbury v. Madison, 18031. Which of the following statements accurately summarizes the concept of judicial review, as established by Marbury v. Madison?AThe Supreme Court should review laws that conflict with the Constitution but cannot declare a law is unconstitutional.BWhen the law and Constitution conflict, it is impossible to know which takes precedent.CWhen the law and Constitution conflict, the Supreme Court will always rule in favor of the law.DThe Supreme Court should review laws that conflict with the Constitution and can strike down a law as unconstitutional.2. The dispute that led to the court case referenced above came about because:A. Democratic-Republicans contested the results of the Election of 1800 due to the questionable morality of the newly elected Vice President, Aaron Burr.B. anti-Federalists refused to ratify the Constitution due to its neglect of clauses guaranteeing states’ rights and individual civil liberties.C. Federalists argued for a strict interpretation of the Constitution that would limit the power of the executive branch, meaning that the President did not have the right to make judicial appointments.D. Federalists attempted to assert their power through the judiciary branch in the face of Democratic-Republican victories in the executive and legislative branches.3. The excerpt reflects a continuity over time with regard to debates over the:A. rights of individual citizens.B. authority of the branches of government.C. morality of slavery.D. relationship between state and federal power.4. The excerpt above provides evidence to support the argument that Supreme Court decisions asserted the role of:A. the judiciary branch in determining the Constitutionality of Congressional legislation.B. acting presidents in reversing unpopular decisions made by previous administrations.C. the federal government as more powerful than the state governments.D. the legislative branch in making policies to regulate international and interstate trade.Questions 5-7 refer to the following excerpt from a letter by Henry Clay in 1812:“But if the reports which we now hear are true, that with England all hope of honorable accommodation is at an end, and that with France our negotiations are in a fowardness encouraging expectations of a favorable result, where is the motive for longer delay? The final step ought to be taken; and that step is WAR. By what course of measures we have reached the present crisis, is not now a question for freemen and patriots to discuss. It exists; and it is by open and manly war only that we can get through it with honor and advantage to the country. Our wrongs have been great; our cause is just; and if we are decided and firm, success is inevitable.” 5. Which of the following factors led to the War of 1812?AA Canadian invasion of New England.BGrowing American involvement in European commerce and affairs.CThe destruction of the White House by British ships.DA Spanish invasion of California.6. What impact did the War of 1812 have an American nationalism?AThe war reduced nationalism because it was a decisive defeat for America.BAlthough the war was a decisive defeat, it had no impact on American nationalism.CAlthough the conflict was indecisive, it boosted American nationalism.DAlthough the war was a decisive victory, it had no impact on American nationalism.7. What impact did the War of 1812 have on American politics?AIt ushered in the Era of Good Feelings.BIt led to the birth of the Free Soil party.CIt had no effect on American politics.DIt caused many Americans to be abstain from votingQuestions 8-10 refer to the following excerpt from Last of Mohicans (1826) by James Fennimore Cooper:“A wide and apparently an impervious boundary of forests severed the possessions of the hostile provinces of France and England. The hardy colonist, and the trained European who fought at his side, frequently expended months in struggling against the rapids of the streams, or in effecting the rugged passes of the mountains, in quest of an opportunity to exhibit their courage in a more martial conflict. But, emulating the patience and self-denial of the practised native warriors, they learned to overcome every difficulty..." 8. The above passage highlights which of the following features of Romantic literature from the 19th century?ALogic and reason.BEmotion and lassicalism and realism.DSurrealism and post-modernism.9. What did the Romantic movement reveal about American culture?AIt showed European influence on American culture.BIt showed American influence on European culture.CIt demonstrated that American culture never changes.DIt revealed that Americans had no culture because they refused to participate in the Romantic movement.10. The Romantic movement can best be characterized as a reaction against what contemporary 19th century phenomenon?AThe greed of mercantilism.BThe homogeneity of political globalization.CThe mechanization of the Industrial Revolution.DThe heroism of nationalism.Questions 11-12 refer to the following excerpt from a memoir written by Cadwallader Colden in 1825 about the Erie Canal:“In November, of the same year, the Sally and Mary, a boat of sixty or seventy tons, …had passed into the Canal, by the locks at Waterloo and the Seneca River…The vessel was not only received as the precursor of a commerce, which will be unlimited in its extent and importance, but as an interesting evidence of the ingenuity and enterprise of our countrymen. Her timbers grew near where she was built…her cargo was the produce of the fields from whence she sprung…her sails and rigging even, were emphatically domestic manufactures, for they were grown, and made, at the homes of her owners.” 11. What significant consequences did improvements during the Transportation Revolution, such as the Erie Canal, have on the American economy?ACanals stimulated the construction of boats which led to a major economic boom.BCanal construction encouraged new inventions which boosted productivity.CIt had little impact on the economy because canals were quickly surpassed by automobiles and airplanes.DCanals helped connect the regional and national economics12. Did all regions of the country benefit equally from the Transportation Revolution?AYes — extensive canals, roads, and railroads were built throughout the nation.BYes — but only a few miles of canals and roads were built during this o — the North and old Northwest benefitted the most.DNo — the South lagged behind the North and Old Northwest so most of the improvements were constructed to help the South catch up.Questions 13-15 refer to the following excerpt from Harriet Robinson’s memoir about life in Lowell, Mass., during the early 19th century:“In 1831 Lowell was little more than a factory village. Several corporations were started, and the cotton-mills belonging to them were building. Help was in great demand; and stories were told all over the country of the new factory town, and the high wages that were offered to all classes of work-people, stories that reached the ears of mechanics' and farmers' sons, and gave new life to lonely and dependent women in distant towns and farmhouses.” 13. Did all regions of the country benefit from the industrialization depicted in Robinson’s memoir?AYes — many factories in different industries were built throughout the nation.BYes — but only a few textile factories were o — the Southern economy had lagged behind the North and Old Northwest so they built more factories in order to catch up.DNo — the South had less capital to invest and focused on agricultural economic activity.14. In what ways, if any, did women participate in the Market Revolution?AMany women owned businesses and were legally entitled to receive equal pay.BWomen worked in unskilled or semi-skilled jobs for little pay.CWomen began to fill large numbers of skilled manufacturing jobs.DWomen did not participate in the Market Revolution because they felt it was improper to work outside the home.15. What, if any, political implications did the Market Revolution have in the early 19th century?AThe consequences of the Market Revolution played a key role in defining the Second Party System.BThe Democrats supported the Market Revolution because it stimulated industrialization.CThe Whigs opposed the Market Revolution because it led to greater social inequality.DThe Market Revolution had no political implications because everyone supported it.Question 16 refers to the following excerpt from a sermon by Charles Finney in 1835:“When the Churches are thus awakened and reformed, the reformation and salvation of sinners will follow. Their hearts will be broken down and changed. Very often the most abandoned profligates are among the subjects. Harlots, and drunkards, and infidels, and all sorts of abandoned characters, are awakened and converted. The worst of human beings are softened and reclaimed, and made to appear as lovely specimens of the beauty of holiness.” 16. What social consequences did the Second Great Awakening have in the early 19th century?AThe Second Great Awakening focused on social justice which led to equality for women and African Americans.BThe premillennial aspects of the Second Great Awakening inspired a variety of dystopian communities.CThe postmillennial aspects of the Second Great Awakening inspired a variety of social reform movements.DThe Second Great Awakening led to greater ecumenical cooperation between Protestants and Catholics.Questions 17-18 refer to the following excerpt from a speech by abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison:“The abolitionism which I advocate is as absolute as the law of God, and as unyielding as his throne. It admits of no compromise. Every slave is a stolen man; every slaveholder is a man stealer. By no precedent, no example, no law, no compact, no purchase, no bequest, no inheritance, no combination of circumstances, is slaveholding right or justifiable.” 17. How much support did Garrison’s message find amongst Americans in the 19th century?AVery little — most Americans were indifferent to slavery or supported it.BVery little — the lack of effective communications prevented Garrison from spreading his message.CA lot — many Americans had long hated slavery and only needed a visionary like Garrison to lead them.DA lot — most Americans felt ashamed of the nation’s continued support for slavery.18. What was an important consequence of the Missouri Compromise of 1820?AIt overturned the Dred Scott decision by banning slavery in all parts of the newly acquired Louisiana territory.BIt caused the Civil War by permitting slavery in all parts of the Louisiana territory.CIt temporarily silenced debate but ultimately failed to resolve the controversy over slavery.DIt permanently resolved the debate over slavery by counting slaves as three-fifths of a person.Questions 19-20 refer to the following excerpt from the Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions at the Seneca Falls Women’s Rights Convention in 1848:“Resolved, therefore, That, being invested by the Creator with the same capabilities, and the same consciousness of responsibility for their exercise, it is demonstrably the right and duty of woman, equally with man, to promote every righteous cause, by every righteous means…and this being a self-evident truth, growing out of the divinely implanted principles of human nature, any custom or authority adverse to it, whether modern or wearing the hoary sanction of antiquity, is to be regarded as self-evident falsehood, and at war with the interests of mankind.” 19. How successful was the Seneca Falls convention in advancing women’s rights?AIt began the process of organizing advocates but change occurred slowly over decades.BBecause the resolution was so confrontational it actually set back the cause of women’s rights for millennia.CIt immediately led to equal economic rights for women, but not political suffrage.DIt immediately led to equal political and economic rights for women.20. In what way did the Seneca Falls declaration challenge the gendered concept of separate spheres?AIt urged men to give some of their rights to women.BIt affirmed the supremacy of modern customs over traditions.CIt urged women to fight in wars.DIt challenged the notion that men and women were fundamentally different.Questions 21-22 refer to the following excerpt from a proclamation by President Andrew Jackson in 1832:“But when the laws undertake to add to these natural and just advantages artificial distinctions, to grant titles, gratuities, and exclusive privileges, to make the rich richer and the potent more powerful, the humble members of society the farmers, mechanics, and laborers who have neither the time nor the means of securing like favors to themselves, have a right to complain of the injustice of their Government.” 21. Which of the following early 19th century policies would Jacksonian Democrats have supported?ATariffs because they raised the price of manufactured goods.BA national bank because it made loans to humble citizens.CThe abolition of property requirements for elections and political candidates.DThe right of Southern states to secede when their complaints were ignored.22. Why did Jacksonian Democrats oppose the Market Revolution and industrialization?AThe economic changes created inequality and wage-dependency.BThe economic changes benefitted the South and impoverished the North.CThe economic changes reinforced support for slavery.DJacksonian Democrats favored socialism over capitalism.Question 23 refers to the following excerpt from a letter protesting Indian removal written by John Ross, a Cherokee Indian chief, to Congress in 1836:“By the stipulations of this instrument, we are despoiled of our private possessions, the indefeasible property of individuals. We are stripped of every attribute of freedom and eligibility for legal self-defence. Our property may be plundered before our eyes; violence may be committed on our persons; even our lives may be taken away, and there is none to regard our complaints. We are denationalized; we are disfranchised. We are deprived of membership in the human family! We have neither land nor home, nor resting place that can be called our own. And this is effected by the provisions of a compact which assumes the venerated, the sacred appellation of treaty.” 23. Which of the following factors put pressure on Native American territory in the southeastern US in the early 19th century?ARumors of gold and silver deposits on Native American land.BA desire to build factories and canals on Native American land.CSoil depletion pushed farmers west in search of new land.DA desire to punish Native American tribes for supporting Union forces during the Civil War.Question 24-25 refers to the following excerpt from the Monroe Doctrine of 1823:"But if the reports which we now hear are true, that with England all hope of honorable accommodation is at an end, and that with France our negotiations are in a forwardness encouraging expectations of a favorable result, where is the motive for longer delay? The final step ought to be taken... Our wrongs have been great; our cause is just; and if we are decided and firm, success is inevitable....Let war therefore be forthwith proclaimed against England. With her there can be no motive for delay. Any further discussion, any new attempt at negotiation, would be as fruitless as it would be dishonorable....""But is said that we are not prepared for war, and ought therefore not to declare it. This is an idle objection, which can have weight with the timid and pusillanimous only. The fact is otherwise. Our preparations are adequate to every essential object.""Do we apprehend danger to ourselves? From what quarter will it assail us? From England, and by invasion? The idea is too absurd to merit a moment's consideration. Where are her troops? But lately she dreaded an invasion of her own dominions from her powerful and menacing neighbor. That danger, it is true, has diminished, but it has not entirely and forever disappeared. The war in the Peninsula, which lingers, requires strong armies to support it....Can anyone believe that, under such circumstances, the British government could be so infatuated as to send troops here for the purpose of invasion?"-editorial, Washington National Intelligencer, April 14, 181224. The excerpt provides evidence to SUPPORT the argument that:A. European events related to the Napoleonic Wars caused controversies in American politics.B. the legacy of Jay’s Treaty allowed for a period characterized by very little diplomatic strife.C. Jefferson’s and Madison’s attempts at ‘peaceable coercion’ were successful.D. the majority of Americans in the early 19th century could be characterized as isolationists.25. Which of the following does NOT represent one of the ‘great wrongs’ to which the excerpt alludes?A. transfer of Louisiana from Spanish to French controlB. Chesapeake-Leopard incidentC. British impressment of American sailorsD. British arming of American Indian tribes ................
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