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How to Find Jesus in the Old Testament Notes – Pt. 22The fall feasts of IsraelHow they foreshadow Christ3/4 in the spring (Nisan)PassoverUnleavened Bread (some join the two and say there are 6 feasts) FirstfruitsFeast of WEEKS (Pentecost)50 days later – June 9th this year3 in the fallThe seventh month (Tishri)Trumpets – Rosh Hashana (starts Sept 30)Day of Atonement - Yom Kippur (Oct 9-10th)Tabernacles/Booths - Sukkot (Oct. 14-20th)The feasts foreshadow in intricate detail, things related to MessiahIMAGE ON SCREEN First we will look at the feasts to comprehend what they were likeTHEN we will enter the debate… how are they (or were they) to be fulfilled?Feast of TrumpetsThis is a kickoff feast starts the new year (civil)and the next set of feasts which all happen in the 7th month. Relevant Passages Leviticus 23:23–25 (ESV) 23And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, 24“Speak to the people of Israel, saying, In the seventh month, on the first day of the month, you shall observe a day of solemn rest, a memorial proclaimed with blast of trumpets, a holy convocation. 25You shall not do any ordinary work, and you shall present a food offering to the Lord.” On a particular day (as they all are)Holy convocation (as they are)A day of restSacrifices (outlined in Num 29)Numbers 29:1–6 (ESV)1“On the first day of the seventh month you shall have a holy convocation. You shall not do any ordinary work. It is a day for you to blow the trumpets, 2and you shall offer a burnt offering, for a pleasing aroma to the Lord: one bull from the herd, one ram, seven male lambs a year old without blemish; 3also their grain offering of fine flour mixed with oil, three tenths of an ephah for the bull, two tenths for the ram, 4and one tenth for each of the seven lambs; 5with one male goat for a sin offering, to make atonement for you; 6besides the burnt offering of the new moon, and its grain offering, and the regular burnt offering and its grain offering, and their drink offering, according to the rule for them, for a pleasing aroma, a food offering to the Lord.Unique element: trumpetsUsed for various things in IsraelNum 10Numbers 10:1–2 (ESV) 1The Lord spoke to Moses, saying, 2“Make two silver trumpets. Of hammered work you shall make them, and you shall use them for summoning the congregation and for breaking camp. Numbers 10:10 (ESV) 10On the day of your gladness also, and at your appointed feasts and at the beginnings of your months, you shall blow the trumpets over your burnt offerings and over the sacrifices of your peace offerings. They shall be a reminder of you before your God: I am the Lord your God.” Not animal horns.What are they blown for in THIS feast?“a memorial proclaimed” Lev 23:24For the people or for God?Numbers 10:10b (ESV) They shall be a reminder of you before your God: I am the Lord your God.” Exodus 28:12 (ESV) 12And you shall set the two stones on the shoulder pieces of the ephod, as stones of remembrance for the sons of Israel. And Aaron shall bear their names before the Lord on his two shoulders for remembrance. Or both? (thanks pastor Garry)Ex 12:14 Passover was “a memorial to you”Rocks were for Israel to remember Them remembering God and God remembering them.Nowadays the feast of Trumpets is seen as the beginning of a time of reflection and repentance.Moses Maimonides (12th c. AD) wrote the following about the Feast of TrumpetsWake up from your sleep, you sleepers! Arise from your slumber, you slumberers! Examine your deeds! Return to God! Remember your creator! Those of you who forget the truth in the futilities of the times and spend all year in vanity and emptiness, look into your soul, improve your ways and your deeds. Let each of you abandon his evil ways and his immoral thoughts.Brown, Michael L.. Answering Jewish Objections to Jesus : Volume 1: General and Historical Objections . Baker Publishing Group. Kindle Edition.However - Nehemiah 7:73–8:12 (ESV) Ezra tells the people NOT to mourn – but to eat and drink and celebrate.Not much info on it…. Later prophetic issuesDay of AtonementA lot of info (unlike Trumpets)… too much for today.Big picture – the one day when all the sins of the people are corporately dealt with. The one day when the HP goes inside the holy of holies.Numbers 29:7–11 (ESV) 7“On the tenth day of this seventh month you shall have a holy convocation and afflict yourselves. You shall do no work, 8but you shall offer a burnt offering to the Lord, a pleasing aroma: one bull from the herd, one ram, seven male lambs a year old: see that they are without blemish. (because the overarching symbolism is the pure substituting for the impure) 9And their grain offering shall be of fine flour mixed with oil, three tenths of an ephah for the bull, two tenths for the one ram, 10a tenth for each of the seven lambs: 11also one male goat for a sin offering, besides the sin offering of atonement, and the regular burnt offering and its grain offering, and their drink offerings. “afflict yourselves” – fasting.The only commanded fast.A time of repentance Leviticus 23:26–32 (ESV) 26And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, 27“Now on the tenth day of this seventh month is the Day of Atonement. It shall be for you a time of holy convocation, and you shall afflict yourselves and present a food offering to the Lord. 28And you shall not do any work on that very day, for it is a Day of Atonement, to make atonement for you before the Lord your God. 29For whoever is not afflicted on that very day shall be cut off from his people. 30And whoever does any work on that very day, that person I will destroy from among his people. 31You shall not do any work. It is a statute forever throughout your generations in all your dwelling places. 32It shall be to you a Sabbath of solemn rest, and you shall afflict yourselves. On the ninth day of the month beginning at evening, from evening to evening shall you keep your Sabbath.” Trumpets is about trumpets and God and Israel turning toward each otherDay of atonement is about atonement and being humbled/afflictedfastingOn all these symbolic times there is no work allowedBecause Christ does the workGenesis 15:6 (ESV) 6And he believed the Lord, and he counted it to him as righteousness. That’s what the congregation did…What the high priest did is really interestingIn Lev 16Leviticus 16 (ESV) 1The Lord spoke to Moses after the death of the two sons of Aaron, when they drew near before the Lord and died, 2and the Lord said to Moses, “Tell Aaron your brother not to come at any time into the Holy Place inside the veil, before the mercy seat that is on the ark, so that he may not die. For I will appear in the cloud over the mercy seat. Access to God is not available. 3But in this way Aaron shall come into the Holy Place: with a bull from the herd for a sin offering and a ram for a burnt offering. (for his own sin – the rep had to be without sin)Hebrews 9:6–14 (ESV) 6These preparations having thus been made, the priests go regularly into the first section, performing their ritual duties, 7but into the second only the high priest goes, and he but once a year, and not without taking blood, which he offers for himself and for the unintentional sins of the people. 8By this the Holy Spirit indicates that the way into the holy places is not yet opened as long as the first section is still standing Hebrews 7:26–28 (ESV) 26For it was indeed fitting that we should have such a high priest, holy, innocent, unstained, separated from sinners, and exalted above the heavens. 27He has no need, like those high priests, to offer sacrifices daily, first for his own sins and then for those of the people, since he did this once for all when he offered up himself. 28For the law appoints men in their weakness as high priests, but the word of the oath, which came later than the law, appoints a Son who has been made perfect forever. This is all about the symbolism/representation of Messiah4He shall put on the holy linen coat and shall have the linen undergarment on his body, and he shall tie the linen sash around his waist, and wear the linen turban; these are the holy garments. He shall bathe his body in water and then put them on. (now he can represent Christ)5And he shall take from the congregation of the people of Israel two male goats for a sin offering, and one ram for a burnt offering. (from them to represent them)6“Aaron shall offer the bull as a sin offering for himself and shall make atonement for himself and for his house. Lev 6 – outlines this bull – implication is that the HP is indeed a sinner Everyone needs forgivenessNow comes the scapegoat7Then he shall take the two goats and set them before the Lord at the entrance of the tent of meeting. 8And Aaron shall cast lots over the two goats, one lot for the Lord and the other lot for Azazel. (debate – scapegoat – Az = goat azel = turn off/sent out) LXX and Vulgate9And Aaron shall present the goat on which the lot fell for the Lord and use it as a sin offering, 10but the goat on which the lot fell for Azazel shall be presented alive before the Lord to make atonement over it, that it may be sent away into the wilderness to Azazel. Casting lotsWhy?Because it doesn’t matter? The two goats are the sameFor they represent the same personTradition - Lot of the one “for the Lord” fell in the right hand = good signOne will die, the other will be sent away11“Aaron shall present the bull as a sin offering for himself, and shall make atonement for himself and for his house. He shall kill the bull as a sin offering for himself. 12And he shall take a censer full of coals of fire from the altar before the Lord, and two handfuls of sweet incense beaten small, and he shall bring it inside the veil 13and put the incense on the fire before the Lord, that the cloud of the incense may cover the mercy seat that is over the testimony, so that he does not die. Incense represents prayer/intercessionPs 141:2, Rev 5:8The coals were taken from the altar of burnt offeringUpon which the blood drippedThe smoke obscured God’s presenceJesus’ intercession is needed even for Him to come into God’s presence14And he shall take some of the blood of the bull and sprinkle it with his finger on the front of the mercy seat on the east side, and in front of the mercy seat he shall sprinkle some of the blood with his finger seven times. For himself15“Then he shall kill the goat of the sin offering that is for the people and bring its blood inside the veil and do with its blood as he did with the blood of the bull, sprinkling it over the mercy seat and in front of the mercy seat. So he goes in twice on this day“Sprinkle” is a significant word in the Law1 Peter 1:2 (ESV) [elect] 2according to the foreknowledge of God the Father, in the sanctification of the Spirit, for obedience to Jesus Christ and for sprinkling with his blood:Hebrews 10:19 (ESV) 19Therefore, brothers, since we have confidence to enter the holy places by the blood of Jesus, Isaiah 52:15 (ESV) 15so shall he sprinkle many nations. Remember that ALL of these things are representativeThe High PriestThe presentation of the bloodThe tabernacle is Christ’s bodyThe mercy seatThe ten commandments (what condemns us)The manna (his pure life that saves us)The rod that budded (his death and resurrection)16Thus he shall make atonement for the Holy Place, because of the uncleannesses of the people of Israel and because of their transgressions, all their sins. And so he shall do for the tent of meeting, which dwells with them in the midst of their uncleannesses. 17No one may be in the tent of meeting from the time he enters to make atonement in the Holy Place until he comes out and has made atonement for himself and for his house and for all the assembly of Israel. 18Then he shall go out to the altar that is before the Lord and make atonement for it, and shall take some of the blood of the bull and some of the blood of the goat, and put it on the horns of the altar all around. 19And he shall sprinkle some of the blood on it with his finger seven times, and cleanse it and consecrate it from the uncleannesses of the people of Israel. Everything must be cleansed – all creation must be redeemed The live goat procedure20“And when he has made an end of atoning for the Holy Place and the tent of meeting and the altar, he shall present the live goat. 21And Aaron shall lay both his hands on the head of the live goat, and confess over it all the iniquities of the people of Israel, and all their transgressions, all their sins. And he shall put them on the head of the goat and send it away into the wilderness by the hand of a man who is in readiness. 22The goat shall bear all their iniquities on itself to a remote area, and he shall let the goat go free in the wilderness. Similar – Lev 14 –Leprosy cleansedOne bird killed one set freeConfession – new idea for the feastsA day of self-affliction/humility and confessionYet confession isn’t enough – we need a sin bearerBoth handsIn other contexts it was one hand – 1:4, 3:2, 8, 13, 4:4, 24, 29, 33)It seems clear that he is “putting the sins of the people” on the goatWhy?To bear themIsaiah 53:6 (ESV) 6All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned—every one—to his own way; and the Lord has laid on him the iniquity of us all. 2 Corinthians 5:21 (ESV) 21For our sake he made him to be sin who knew no sin, so that in him we might become the righteousness of God. Why sent out?To carry them awayNot the same reason as Burnt offerings “outside the camp”Heb 13:11-13Psalm 103:12 (ESV) 12as far as the east is from the west, so far does he remove our transgressions from us. 1 John 3:5 (ESV) 5You know that he appeared in order to take away sins, and in him there is no sin. Tradition –A red scarf tied to the head of the goat that would turn white23“Then Aaron shall come into the tent of meeting and shall take off the linen garments that he put on when he went into the Holy Place and shall leave them there. 24And he shall bathe his body in water in a holy place and put on his garments and come out and offer his burnt offering and the burnt offering of the people and make atonement for himself and for the people. 25And the fat of the sin offering he shall burn on the altar. He was one “holy man” interceding1 Timothy 2:5 (ESV) 5For there is one God, and there is one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus, Back to gloryAnd now we can be presented (Rom 12)26And he who lets the goat go to Azazel shall wash his clothes and bathe his body in water, and afterward he may come into the camp. 27And the bull for the sin offering and the goat for the sin offering, whose blood was brought in to make atonement in the Holy Place, shall be carried outside the camp. Their skin and their flesh and their dung shall be burned up with fire. 28And he who burns them shall wash his clothes and bathe his body in water, and afterward he may come into the camp. Everyone cleansedTradition – the scarlet cloth tied to the goat. Turn whiteThe lampstand was lit from west to east and the west one is said to stay lit beyond the others.Seen as signs of God’s favor 29“And it shall be a statute to you forever that in the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month, you shall afflict yourselves and shall do no work, either the native or the stranger who sojourns among you. 30For on this day shall atonement be made for you to cleanse you. You shall be clean before the Lord from all your sins. 31It is a Sabbath of solemn rest to you, and you shall afflict yourselves; it is a statute forever. 32And the priest who is anointed and consecrated as priest in his father’s place shall make atonement, wearing the holy linen garments. 33He shall make atonement for the holy sanctuary, and he shall make atonement for the tent of meeting and for the altar, and he shall make atonement for the priests and for all the people of the assembly. 34And this shall be a statute forever for you, that atonement may be made for the people of Israel once in the year because of all their sins.” And Aaron did as the Lord commanded Moses. Interesting info from the Talmud“but during the?forty years prior to the destruction of the Second?Temple,?the?lot?for God?did not arise in the?High Priest’s?right?hand at all. So too,?the strip of crimson?wool that was tied to the head of the goat that was sent to Azazel?did not turn white, and the westernmost lamp?of the candelabrum?did not burn?continually.Talmud – Yoma 39b30AD-70AD“atonement is made for you before God”“at” “one” “ment”Hebrews reveals that this was type and shadowModern JewsWorks insteadFeast of Booths/TabernaclesLeviticus 23:33–44 (ESV) 33And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, 34“Speak to the people of Israel, saying, On the fifteenth day of this seventh month and for seven days is the Feast of Booths to the Lord. 35On the first day shall be a holy convocation; you shall not do any ordinary work. 36For seven days you shall present food offerings to the Lord. On the eighth day you shall hold a holy convocation and present a food offering to the Lord. It is a solemn assembly; you shall not do any ordinary work. 37“These are the appointed feasts of the Lord, which you shall proclaim as times of holy convocation, for presenting to the Lord food offerings, burnt offerings and grain offerings, sacrifices and drink offerings, each on its proper day, 38besides the Lord’s Sabbaths and besides your gifts and besides all your vow offerings and besides all your freewill offerings, which you give to the Lord. 39“On the fifteenth day of the seventh month, when you have gathered in the produce of the land, you shall celebrate the feast of the Lord seven days. On the first day shall be a solemn rest, and on the eighth day shall be a solemn rest. 40And you shall take on the first day the fruit of splendid trees, branches of palm trees and boughs of leafy trees and willows of the brook, and you shall rejoice before the Lord your God seven days. 41You shall celebrate it as a feast to the Lord for seven days in the year. It is a statute forever throughout your generations; you shall celebrate it in the seventh month. 42You shall dwell in booths for seven days. All native Israelites shall dwell in booths, 43that your generations may know that I made the people of Israel dwell in booths when I brought them out of the land of Egypt: I am the Lord your God.” 44Thus Moses declared to the people of Israel the appointed feasts of the Lord. Gathering dayIn booths to remind them and maybe to anticipateEvery other feast does.Jesus tabernacle (Jn 1:14)And calls us to be sojourners too.1 Peter 2:11–12 (ESV) 11Beloved, I urge you as sojourners and exiles to abstain from the passions of the flesh, which wage war against your soul. 12Keep your conduct among the Gentiles honorable, so that when they speak against you as evildoers, they may see your good deeds and glorify God on the day of visitation. A real theme in 1 Peter.NT light on this feast (Jn 7-8)Water Libation ceremonyJohn 7:2 (ESV) 2Now the Jews’ Feast of Booths was at hand. John 7:37–39 (ESV) 37On the last day of the feast, the great day, Jesus stood up and cried out, “If anyone thirsts, let him come to me and drink. 38Whoever believes in me, as the Scripture has said, ‘Out of his heart will flow rivers of living water.’?” 39Now this he said about the Spirit, whom those who believed in him were to receive, for as yet the Spirit had not been given, because Jesus was not yet glorified. Lights from torches at the feast of boothsSaid by some Rabbis to be seen even in GalileeWhich is unlikely but you get the idea that it was very brightJohn 8:12 (ESV) 12Again Jesus spoke to them, saying, “I am the light of the world. Whoever follows me will not walk in darkness, but will have the light of life.” Num 29:12-40 records the offeringsSomething of a countdown1st day 13 bulls, 2nd 12, 3rd 11, 7th 7, 8th day 1.Perhaps more clarity in the future.Possible eschatological constructions of the fulfillment of these 3 feastsRapture independent Trumpets – at the beginning of tribulation Israel is called to repentanceThe 7 trumpets of RevelationDay of Atonement – they realize that Jesus is their sacrifice and are restored to God nationallyRev doesn’t say when they do this but does show God protecting them in the wilderness which implies right relationship and the 144,000 implies this as well.Tabernacles – they go into the wilderness to be protected from the dragon. Until they are brought back in for the millennium Rapture dependent Trumpets – the rapture of the churchDay of atonement – the second comingTabernacles – the millennium kingdomTrumpetsThe trumpets judgments of revelation calling people to repentA time of God regathering IsraelThe raptureA LOT of trumpet passagesMatt. 24:30–31; 1 Cor. 15:51–52; 1 Thess. 4:16; Rev. 11:15Day of AtonementSecond comingIsrael recognizing Jesus for who He isYear of JubileeTabernaclesHappens during the trib as they go to the wilderness for God’s protection, awaiting the millennial kingdomHappens at the millennial kingdom and represents them waiting on it.IN the first feasts we have a nation being purchased by God and called to God.In the last feasts we have a nation being brought back to God and restored.They hear the call of GodThey see the sacrifice for what it isThey travel with God to enter the inheritance The first feasts are what we find as we read the textThe last feasts are the first ones of the civil new year for Israel. ................
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