LHS Psych (AP & INTRO)



PRACTICE PERSONALITY TESTAP Psychology____ 1.Which of the following is the correct order of psychosexual stages proposed by Freud? a)oral; phallic; anal; genital; latency b)anal; oral; phallic; latency; genital c)oral; anal; genital; latency; phallic d)anal; oral; genital; latency; phallic e)oral; anal; phallic; latency; genital ____ 2.In high school, Britta and Debbie were best friends. They thought they were a lot alike, as did everyone else who knew them. After high school, they went on to very different colleges, careers, and life courses. Now, at their twenty-fifth reunion, they are shocked at how little they have in common. Bandura would suggest that their differences reflect the interactive effects of environment, personality, and behavior, which he refers to as: a)the self-serving bias. b)personal control. c)reciprocal determinism. d)identification. ____ 3.The Oedipus and Electra complexes have their roots in the: a)genital stage. b)anal stage. c)phallic stage. d)oral stage. e)latency stage. ____ 4.An example of the self-serving bias described in the text is the tendency of people to: a)see themselves as better than average on nearly any desirable dimension. b)accept more responsibility for successes than failures. c)be overly critical of other people. d)be overly sensitive to criticism. e)do both a. and b. ____ 5.For his class presentation, Bruce plans to discuss the Big Five personality factors used by people throughout the world to describe others or themselves. Which of the following is not a factor that Bruce will discuss? a)conscientiousness b)agreeableness c)independence d)extraversion e)openness ____ 6.Which of the following is a major criticism of the social-cognitive perspective? a)It focuses too much on early childhood experiences. b)It lacks appropriate assessment techniques. c)It provides descriptions but not explanations. d)It focuses too little on the inner traits of a person. ____ 7.A psychologist at the campus mental health center administered an empirically derived personality test to diagnose an emotionally troubled student. Which test did the psychologist most likely administer? a)the Rorschach b)the Locus of Control Scale c)the TAT d)the MMPI ____ 8.According to Rogers, three conditions are necessary to promote growth in personality. These are: a)high self-esteem, honesty, and empathy. b)high self-esteem, acceptance, and honesty. c)genuineness, acceptance, and empathy. d)high self-esteem, genuineness, and acceptance. e)honesty, sincerity, and empathy. ____ 9.Which of the following places the greatest emphasis on the unconscious mind? a)the social-cognitive perspective b)the psychoanalytic perspective c)the trait perspective d)the humanistic perspective ____ 10.In studying personality, a social-cognitive theorist would most likely make use of: a)personality inventories. b)factor analyses. c)projective tests. d)observing behavior in different situations. ____ 11.Collectivist cultures: a)give priority to the goals of their groups. b)value the maintenance of social harmony. c)foster social interdependence. d)are characterized by none of the above. e)are characterized by a., b., and c. ____ 12.Id is to ego as ________ is to ________. a)reality principle; pleasure principle b)conscious forces; unconscious forces c)conscience; "personality executive" d)pleasure principle; reality principle ____ 13.A trait theorist would most likely: a)use a personality inventory. b)use the method of free association. c)observe a person in a variety of situations. d)use a projective test. ____ 14.Projective tests such as the Rorschach inkblot test have been criticized because: a)they were standardized with unrepresentative samples. b)their scoring system is too rigid and leads to unfair labeling. c)it is easy for people to fake answers in order to appear healthy. d)they have low reliability and low validity. ____ 15.Which of the following is a common criticism of the humanistic perspective? a)Humanism fails to appreciate the reality of evil in human behavior. b)Its concepts are vague and subjective. c)The emphasis on the self encourages selfishness in individuals. d)All of the above are common criticisms. ____ 16.Isaiah is sober and reserved; Rashid is fun-loving and affectionate. The Eysencks would say that Isaiah ________ and Rashid ________. a)is an extravert; is an introvert b)has an external locus of control; has an internal locus of control c)is an introvert; is an extravert d)has an internal locus of control; has an external locus of control ____ 17.According to Freud's theory, personality arises in response to conflicts between: a)our unacceptable urges and our tendency to become self-actualized. b)our biological impulses and the social restraints against them. c)the process of identification and the ego's defense mechanisms. d)the collective unconscious and our individual desires. ____ 18.Neo-Freudians such as Adler and Horney believed that: a)Freud placed too great an emphasis on the conscious mind. b)Freud's ideas about the id, ego, and superego as personality structures were incorrect. c)Freud placed too great an emphasis on sexual and aggressive instincts. d)the years of childhood were more important in the formation of personality than Freud had indicated. ____ 19.A major criticism of trait theory is that it: a)places too great an emphasis on positive traits. b)underestimates the importance of heredity in personality development. c)places too great an emphasis on early childhood experiences. d)overestimates the consistency of behavior in different situations. ____ 20.Research on locus of control indicates that internals are ________ than externals. a)more sociable b)more dependent c)more depressed d)better able to cope with stress e)more intelligent ____ 21.Wanda wishes to instill in her children an accepting attitude toward other people. Maslow and Rogers would probably recommend that she: a)teach her children first to accept themselves. b)be affectionate with her children only when they behave as she wishes. c)use discipline sparingly. d)do all of the above. ____ 22.Individualist cultures: a)value communal solidarity. b)emphasize personal achievement and identity. c)are less competitive than collectivist cultures. d) are characterized by all of the above. ____ 23.The school psychologist believes that having a positive self-concept is necessary before students can achieve their potential. Evidently, the school psychologist is working within the ________ perspective. a)trait b)humanistic c)social-cognitive d)psychoanalytic ____ 24.Which two dimensions of personality have the Eysencks emphasized? a)melancholic–phlegmatic and choleric–sanguine b)internal–external locus of control and extraversion–introversion c)extraversion–introversion and emotional stability–instability d)internal–external locus of control and emotional stability–instability ____ 25.Andrew's grandfather, who has lived a rich and productive life, is a spontaneous, loving, and self-accepting person. Maslow might say that he: a)is a self-actualizing person. b)is an extravert. c)has resolved all the conflicts of childhood. d)has unconditioned positive regard. ____ 26.Which perspective on personality emphasizes the interaction between the individual and the environment in shaping personality? a)trait b)social-cognitive c)humanistic d)psychoanalytic ____ 27.A psychoanalyst would characterize a person who is impulsive and self-indulgent as possessing a strong ________ and a weak ________. a)id and ego; superego b)id; superego c)id; ego and superego d)ego; superego ____ 28.Suzy bought a used, high-mileage automobile because it was all she could afford. Attempting to justify her purchase, she raves to her friends about the car's attractiveness, good acceleration, and stereo. According to Freud, Suzy is using the defense mechanism of: a)displacement. b)reaction formation. c)projection. d)rationalization. ____ 29.Seligman has found that humans and animals who are exposed to aversive events they cannot escape may develop: a)neurotic anxiety. b)displacement. c)a reaction formation. d)an internal locus of control. e)learned helplessness. Other items to know…Theorists that match the different personality theoriesCriticisms of the various theoriesFixation (Freud’s psychosexual stages)Qualities of a self-actualizing personConditions of worth/unconditional positive regardBelief of trait theorists about traits in general AND stability vs. changeInternal vs. external locus of controlAnswer Key -- Practice Personality Test1.e2.c3.c4.e5.c6.d7.d8.c9.b10.d11.e12.d13.a14.d15.d16.c17.b18.c19.d20.d21.a22.b23.b24.c25.a26.b27.b28.d29.eIntelligence and Testing Practice TestAP Psychology By creating a label such as "gifted," we begin to act as if all children are naturally divided into two categories, gifted and nongifted. This logical error is referred to as:rationalization.nominalizing.factor analysis.reification.heritability.Down syndrome is normally caused by:an extra chromosome in the person's genetic makeup.a missing chromosome in the person's genetic makeup.malnutrition during the first few months of life.prenatal exposure to an addictive drug.Which of the following is not a requirement of a good test?reliabilitystandardizationreificationvaliditycriterionSorting children into gifted and nongifted educational groups:presumes that giftedness is a single trait.does not result in higher academic achievement scores.promotes racial segregation and prejudice.sometimes creates self-fulfilling prophecies.has all of the above effects.Which of the following best describes the relationship between creativity and intelligence?Creativity appears to depend on the ability to think imaginatively and has little if any relationship to intelligence.Creativity is best understood as a certain kind of intelligence.The more intelligent a person is, the greater his or her creativity.A certain level of intelligence is necessary but not sufficient for creativity.A person's accumulation of stored information, is called ______ intelligence, generally ______ with age.fluid; decreasesfluid; increasescrystallized; decreasescrystallized; increasesThe bell-shaped distribution of intelligence scores in the general population is called a:g distribution.standardization curve.bimodal distribution.normal distribution.If a test designed to indicate which applicants are likely to perform the best on the job fails to do so, the test has:low reliability.low content validity.low predictive validity.not been standardized.Sixty-five-year-old Calvin cannot reason as well as he could when he was younger. More than likely, Calvin's ______ intelligence has declined.analyticcrystallizedfluidboth b. and c.heritability.The formula for the intelligence quotient was devised by:Sternberg.GardnerBinet.Terman.Stern.The test created by Alfred Binet was designed specifically to:measure inborn intelligence in adults.measure inborn intelligence in children.identify mentally retarded children so that they could be institutionalized.predict school performance in children.do all of the above.Originally, IQ was defined as:mental age divided by chronological age and multiplied by 100.chronological age divided by mental age and multiplied by 100.mental age subtracted from chronological age and multiplied by 100.chronological age subtracted from mental age and multiplied by 100.The concept of a g factor implies that intelligence:is a single overall ability.is several specific abilities.cannot be defined or measured.is both a. and c.is a dynamic rather than stable phenomenon.Tests of ________ measure what an individual can do now, whereas tests of ________ predict what an individual will be able to do later.aptitude; achievementachievement; aptitudereliability; validityvalidity; reliabilityWhen performing a task, the brains of highly skilled people:require less glucose energy.register simple stimuli more quickly.demonstrate a more complex brain-wave response to stimuli.do all of the above.To say that the heritability of a trait is approximately 50 percent methat genes are responsible for 50 percent of the trait in an individual, and the environment is responsible for the rest.that the trait's appearance in a person will reflect approximately equal genetic contributions from both parents.that of the variation in the trait within a group of people, 50 percent can be attributed to heredity.all of the above.Twenty-two-year-old Dan has an intelligence score of 63 and the academic skills of a fourth-grader, and is unable to live independently. Dan probably:has Down syndrome.has savant syndrome.is mentally retarded.will eventually achieve self-supporting social and vocational skills.Which of the following statements would follow Gardner's view of intelligence?Intelligence is based on a single, general and easily measured ability.Intelligence, while based on many factors, can still be measured by traditional IQ tests.Intelligence is the combination of multiple, independent factors that cannot be assessed completely by traditional IQ tests.What is intelligence?Studies of adopted children and their biological and adoptive families demonstrate that with age, genetic influences on intelligence:become more apparent.become less apparent.become more difficult to entangle from environmental influences.become easier to entangle from environmental influences.Standardization refers to the process of:determining the accuracy with which a test measures what it is supposed to.defining meaningful scores relative to a representative pretested group.determining the consistency of test scores obtained by retesting people.measuring the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict.Which of the following provides the strongest evidence of environment's role in intelligence?Adopted children's intelligence scores are more like their adoptive parents' scores than their biological parents'.Children's intelligence scores are more strongly related to their mothers' scores than to their fathers'.Children moved from a deprived environment into an intellectually enriched one show gains in intellectual development.The intelligence scores of identical twins raised separately are no more alike than those of siblings.If asked to guess the intelligence score of a stranger, your best guess would be:75. C. 125100. D. "I don't know, intelligence scores vary too widely.Jack takes the same test of mechanical reasoning on several different days and gets virtually identical scores. This suggests that the test has:high content validity.high reliability.high predictive validity.been standardized.Robert Sternberg believed there are three aspects of intelligence. Which of the following are Sternberg's three aspects?analytical, kinesthetic and creative intelligencecreative, musical and interpersonal intelligenceanalytical, creative and practical intelligencevisual, creative and practical intelligenceOTHER ITEMS/TERMS TO KNOW…Emotional intelligenceIntelligence theories/tests and the people who developed themSpearmanGardnerSternbergBinetTermanSternWeschlerLevels of mental retardationANSWERS TO INTELLIGENCE PRACTICE TESTDACEDDDCCEDAABDCCCABCBBC ................
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