Msfl8rb 0000 glossary - Big Ideas Math

Glossary

This student friendly glossary is designed to be a reference for key vocabulary, properties, and mathematical terms. Several of the entries include a short example to aid your understanding of important concepts.

Also available at : ? multi-language glossary ? vocabulary flash cards

absolute value

The distance between a number and 0 on a number line. The absolute value of a number a is written as a .

acute angle

An angle whose measure is less than 90?.

-5 = 5 5 =5

acute triangle

A triangle that has all acute angles.

Addition Property of Equality

Adding the same number to each side of an equation produces an equivalent equation.

x - 7 = -6 +7 +7 x= 1

Addition Property of Inequality

If you add the same number to each side of an inequality, the inequality remains true.

x - 3 > -10 +3 +3 x > -7

Addition Property of Zero

The sum of any number and 0 is that number.

-5 + 0 = -5

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angle

A figure formed by two rays with the same endpoint.

area

The amount of surface covered by a figure. Area is measured in square units such as

( ) ( ) square feet ft2 or square meters m2 .

5 units

3 units

A = 5 ? 3 = 15 square units

Associative Properties of Addition and Multiplication

Changing the grouping of addends or factors does not change the sum or product.

(-3 + 4) + 5 = -3 + (4 + 5) (-3 ? 4) ? 5 = -3 ? (4 ? 5)

average

A single number used to describe what is typical of a set of data. The average is the sum of the values in a data set divided by the number of data values; also called the mean.

See mean.

bad check

A bad check occurs when the amount written on the check is greater than the balance available in the checking account; also called a bounced check.

bar graph

A graph that shows data in specific categories. The lengths of bars are used to represent and compare data.

Balance Forward

6/2/12 417 Clothing Store

6/3/12

Deposit Paycheck

6/3/12 418 Gas Company

6/5/12 419 Cell Phone Company

6/7/12 420 Car Payment

6/9/12 421 Water Company

6/13/12

Deposit

6/14/12 422 Birthday Gift

370.54 100.00

69.95

52.37 75.89 275.10 93.75

25.00

190.60 120.65 491.19 438.82 362.93 87.83

?5.92 94.08 69.08

Check #421 is a bad check.

Number of students

Average Class Sizes

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

6

7

8

Grade

base (of a power)

The number or expression that is used as a factor in a repeated multiplication.

box-and-whisker plot

A type of graph that shows the variability of a data set using quartiles.

See power.

first quartile

least value

whisker

median box

third quartile

whisker

greatest value

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checkbook registry

A document used to record credits to an account and debits from an account.

5/17/12 5/17/12 5/18/12 5/18/12

998 999

1000

Cell Phone Company Car Payment Deposit Paycheck Birthday Gift

501.50

58.00 372.85 82.66

41.28

checking account

A service provided by a financial institution that allows you to deposit money in an account and then write personal checks using money from the account.

circle

The set of all points in a plane that are the same

distance from a point called the center.

circle

center

circle graph

Displays data as parts of a whole. The circle represents all of the data. Each section represents part of the data. The sum of the angle measures in a circle graph is 360?.

Favorite Fruit

circumference

The distance around a circle.

C d

r

Other

Commutative Properties of Addition and Multiplication

Changing the order of addends or factors does not change the sum or product.

-2 + 8 = 8 + (-2) -2 ? 8 = 8 ? (-2)

complementary angles

Two angles whose measures have a sum of 90?.

composite figure

A figure made up of triangles, squares, rectangles, semicircles, and other two-dimensional figures.

60?

2

30?

1

square

triangle

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compound interest

Interest earned on the principal and on the previously

earned interest.

Balance

Annual interest rate (in decimal form)

B = P(1 + r)t

Principal

Time (in years)

concave polygon

A polygon in which at least one line segment connecting any two vertices lies outside the polygon

You deposit $200 in a savings account. The account earns 5% interest compounded annually. What is the balance after 6 years?

B = 200(1 + 0.05)6

B $268.02

cone

A solid that has one circular base and one vertex.

congruent

Having the same size and shape.

Vertex

B G

A F

Base

A is congruent to F.

Side AB is congruent to side FG.

congruent angles

Angles that have the same measure.

60?

60?

congruent sides

Sides that have the same length.

See isosceles triangle.

120?

120?

constant term

A term that has a number but no variable.

In the expression 2x + 8, the term 8 is a constant term.

continuous domain

A set of input values that consists of all numbers in an interval. All numbers from 1 to 5.

-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

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conversion factor

A rate that equals 1. A conversion factor is used to convert units.

1 mile = 5280 feet

convex polygon

A polygon in which every line segment connecting any two vertices lies entirely inside the polygon.

coordinate plane

A coordinate plane is formed by the intersection of a horizontal number line, usually called the x-axis, and a vertical number line, usually called the y-axis.

y

5

Quadrant II

Quadrant I

4

The horizontal number line is usually called the x-axis.

3 The vertical number line is 2 usually called the y-axis.

1

-5 -4 -3 -2 O 1 2 3 4 5 x

-2 -3 Quadrant III -4 -5

Quadrant IV

The origin is at (0, 0).

credit card

A card used to postpone payment on a purchase.

cube

cube(d)

A rectangular prism with 6 congruent square faces. A number cubed is the number raised to the third power.

2 cubed means 23, or 8.

cylinder

A solid that has two parallel, congruent circular bases.

Bases

data

Information, often given in the form of numbers or facts.

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