Weebly



Are Social Networking Sites Good for Our Society?BACKGROUND: Around seven out of ten Americans (69%) use social networking sites such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, LinkedIn, and Pinterest, as of 2018, up from 26% in 2008.?[26]?[189]. On social media sites, users may develop biographical profiles, communicate with friends and strangers, do research, and share thoughts, photos, music, links, and more.Proponents of social networking sites say that the online communities promote increased interaction with friends and family; offer teachers, librarians, and students valuable access to educational support and materials; facilitate social and political change; and disseminate useful information rapidly.Opponents of social networking say that the sites prevent face-to-face communication; waste time on frivolous activity; alter children’s brains and behavior making them more prone to ADHD; expose users to predators like pedophiles and burglars; and spread false and potentially dangerous information.Are Social Networks Good for Society?Pro 1Social media spreads information faster than any other media. 78.5% of traditional media reporters polled used social media to check for breaking news. [190] 59% of Twitter users and 31% of Facebook users polled followed breaking news on these sites. [191] Social media sites are one of the top news sources for 46% of Americans, compared to 66% for television, 26% for printed newspapers, and 23% for radio. [192] Social media users have been responsible for reporting events before traditional media outlets, including the Paris attacks in France on Nov. 13, 2015 (Twitter, Facebook, and Vine), [193] the Ebola outbreak in Nigeria and Sierra Leone in July 2014 (Twitter), [194] the Boston marathon bombing on Apr. 15, 2013 (Twitter), [195] and the Aurora, CO, theater shooting on July 20, 2012 (Twitter and YouTube). [3] President Donald Trump said that the immediacy that Twitter affords him is the reason why he tweets, noting that press conferences and press releases take too long to reach the public. [271]Con 1Social media enables the spread of unreliable and false information. 64% of people who use Twitter for news say that they have encountered something they "later discovered wasn't true," and 16% of Twitter news users say that "they had retweeted or posted a tweet they later discovered to be false." [227] A study published in the journal Science found that lies spread six times faster than the truth on Twitter, and "fake news" is retweeted more often than true news. [278] In the three months prior to the 2016 US presidential election, false news stories about the two candidates were shared a total of 37.6 million times on Facebook. [269] A federal grand jury indictment announced in Feb. 2018 by special counsel Robert Mueller said that a Russian group created phony social media accounts "to reach significant numbers of Americans for purposes of interfering with the U.S. political system." [279] A University of Michigan study found that even when false information is corrected, the number of people who see or share the correction via social media is lower than number who saw or shared the false information in the first place. [272]Pro 2Social media sites help students do better at school. 59% of students with access to the Internet report that they use social media to discuss educational topics and 50% use the sites to talk about school assignments. [9] After George Middle School in Portland, Oregon, introduced a social media program to engage students, grades went up by 50%, chronic absenteeism went down by 33%, and 20% of students school-wide voluntarily completed extra-credit assignments.[10][11] A Jan. 2015 study published in the Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology said college freshman should use social networking sites to build networks of new friends, feel socially integrated at their new schools, and reduce their risk of dropping out. [182]Con 2Students who are heavy social media users tend to have lower grades. 31% of teens say that using social media during homework reduces the quality of their work. [235] Students who used social media had an average GPA of 3.06 while non-users had an average GPA of 3.82. [84] Students who used social media while studying scored 20% lower on tests. [84] College students' grades dropped 0.12 points for every 93 minutes above the average 106 minutes spent on Facebook per day. [85] One study found that in schools which introduced a ban on cell phones, student performance improved 6.41%. [234] Another found that grades began a steady decline after secondary school students reached 30 minutes of daily screen time. After four hours, average GPAs dropped one full grade. [184]Pro 3Social media allows people to improve their relationships and make new friends. 93% of adults on Facebook use it to connect with family members, 91% use it to connect with current friends, and 87% use it to connect with friends from the past. [274] 72% of all teens connect with friends via social media. [200] 83% of these teens report that social media helps them feel more connected to information about their friends' lives, 70% report feeling more connected to their friends' feelings, and 57% make new friends. [200]Con 3Social media can lead to stress and offline relationship problems. 31% of teens who use social media have fought with a friend because of something that happened online. [236] A 2016 study found that overuse of social media as an adolescent may decrease success in relationships later in life as online communication hinders the development of conflict management skills and awareness of interpersonal cues. [247] One study found that the more Facebook friends a person has, the more stressful Facebook is to use. [87] Footnotes (where the evidence is originally stated):Kristin Marino, “Social Media: The New News Source,” , Apr. 16, 2012Sabrina Kidwali and Catherine Imperatore, “Social Media as an Advocacy Tool,”?Techniques: Connecting Education & Careers, Sep. 2011John D. Sutter, “Theater Shooting Unfolds in Real Time on Social Media,” , July 20, 2012Trevor Hughes and Carolyn Pesce, “Motive Sought in Deadly Shooting Rampage at Colorado Theater,” , July 21, 2012LexisNexis Risk Solutions, “Role of Social Media in Law Enforcement Significant and Growing,” , July 18, 2012Dan Evon, “NYPD Adding Twitter Tracking Unit to Police Force,” (accessed Dec. 5, 2012)Richard Dalke, “Social Media Case Study: The Stanley Cup Hockey Riots,” , June 27, 2011Global Post, “Vancouver Riots: The Shame and the Blame Spread Online,” , June 17, 2012National School Boards Association, “Creating and Connecting: Research and Guidelines on Online Social – and Educational – Networking,” , July 2007Sarah Kessler, “The Case for Social Media in Schools,” , Sep. 29, 2010Elizabeth Delmatoff, “How Social Media Transformed Our School Community,” , Apr. 2010Brian Solis, “People Use Social Networks to Connect with Friends and Family, Sometimes Brands,” , Sep. 13, 2011Megan Sponcil and Priscilla Gitimu, “Use of Social Media by College Students: Relationship to Communication and Self-concept,”?Journal of Technology Research, 2012Common Sense Media, “Social Media, Social Life: How Teens View Their Digital Lives,” , 2012Bianca Bosker, “Fortune 500 List Boasts More Female CEOs Than Ever Before,” , May 7, 2012Huffington Post, “Social Media by Gender: Women Dominate Pinterest, Twitter, Men Dominate Reddit, YouTube (Infographic),” , June 21, 2012Laura Said-Moorhouse and Stina Backer, “Why Women in Business Are Flocking to Twitter Chat,” , Sep. 27, , “Helping African Women Business Leaders Connect with Social Media,” (accessed Dec. 5, 2012)Jobvite, “The Essential Guide to Developing a Social Recruiting Strategy,” , Mar. 3, 2012HR Focus, “Certain Tools Are Helping HR Connect Swiftly with the Right Job Candidates,” , Sep. 1, 2012Jobvite, “2012 Social Job Seeker Survey,” , 2012Sharon Jayson, “‘Flocking’ Behavior Lands on Social Networking Sites,”?USA TODAY, Sep. 27, 2009Morgan, “5 Ways Social Media Can Facilitate Offline Networking,” , May 8, 2012Annalisa Rodriguez, “Social Media Doesn’t Mean Social Isolation,” , Oct. 16, 2012Robert M. Bond, Christopher J. Farris, Jason J. Jones, Adam D. I. Kramer, Cameron Marlow, Jaime E. Settle, and James H. Fowler, “A 61-million-person Experiment in Social Influence and Political Mobilization,”?Nature, Sep. 13, 2012Keith Hampton, Lauren Sessions Goulet, Lee Rainie, and Kristen Purcell, “Social Networking Sites and Our Lives,” , June 16, 2011Lee Rainie, “Social Media and Voting,” Pew Internet, , Nov. 6, 2012Xiaolin Zhou, Barry Wellman, and Justine Yu, “Egypt: The First Internet Revolt?,”?Peace Magazine, July-Sep. 2011Stuart Schaar, “Revolutionary Challenges in Tunisia and Egypt: Generations in Conflict,”?New Politics, Summer 2011Todd Wasserman, “The Architect of #OccupyWallStreet Praises the Power of ‘Magical Hashtags,'” , Oct. 27, 2011Andy Nathan, “How Social Media Saved the Economy,” , June 14, 2011Quentin Hardy, “McKinsey Says Social Media Could Add $1.3 Million to the Economy,” bits.blogs., July 25, 2012Chris Crum, “Facebook Now Has 1.01 Billion Active Users, Brought in $1.26 Billion in Q3 Revenue,” , Oct. 24, 2012New York Times, “Twitter,” topics. (accessed Dec. 5, 2012)Raquel Recuero, “Facebook, Public Education and Equity: A 13-year-old Fights for a ‘Better School,'” , Oct. 8, 2012Rheana Murray, “Families Find Photos Lost During Sandy,” , Nov. 27, 2012Peter Jordan, “We Are All Daniel Cui,” , Oct. 1, 2012Sarah Medina, “Daniel Cui, High School Goalie, Gets Support of Peers After Mean Prank (Video),” , Oct. 3, 2012University of Alabama at Birmingham, “Move Over Youngsters, Grandma’s on Facebook,” , Oct. 27, 2011Aylin Zafar, “Facebook for Centenarians: Senior Citizens Learn Social Media,” , Aug. 31, 2011Kathryn Zickuhr, “Generations 2010,” , Dec. 16, 2010Anxiety UK, “Anxiety UK Study Finds Technology Can Increase Anxiety,” .uk, July 9, 2012Mary Wilks, “Online Social Networking’s Effect on Adolescent Social Development,” eckerd.edu (accessed Dec. 5, 2012)Jewish Action, “The Social Media Revolution: What Does It Mean for Our Children?,” , Aug. 24, 2012Levi R. Baker and Debra L. Oswald, “Shyness and Online Social Networking Services,”?Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, Nov. 2010D. D. Luxton, J. D. June, and J. M. Fairall, “Social Media and Suicide: A Public Health Perspective,”?American Journal of Public Health, May 2012World Health Organization, “Mixed Uptake of Social Media Among Public Health Specialists,” who.int, Nov. 2011Charlotte Tucker, “Social Media, Texting Play New Role in Response to Disasters: Preparedness, Communication Targeted,” thenationshealth., May – June 20115 Boroughs Partnership, “Stamp Out Stigma,” 5boroughspartnership.nhs.uk (accessed Dec. 5, 2012)The Stigma Project, “Our Mission & Vision,” (accessed Dec. 5, 2012)The Economist, “Economist Debates: Social Networking,” , Feb. 13, 2012Wipe Out Homophobia, (accessed Dec. 5, 2012)Jenny Lawson, “The Bloggess,” (accessed Dec. 5, 2012)Ginny Graves, “Miracle on Facebook,”?Good Housekeeping, July 2012Planet Hunters, “PH1: A Planet in a Four-star System,” blog., Oct. 15, 2012Anick Jesdanun, “The Best Crowdfunding Site for Hurricane Sandy Relief,” , Nov. 12, 2012Crowdwise, “About Us,” (accessed Dec. 5, 2012)Pencils of Promise, “Our Approach,” (accessed Dec. 5, 2012)Bigger Brains, “Get Noticed. Disseminate Your Research Better,” (accessed Dec. 5, 2012)Intuit Websites, “How Small Businesses Are Using Social Media,” s1. (accessed Dec. 5, 2012)Tim Mullaney, “Social Media Is Reinventing How Business Is Done,” , May 6, 2012Harry Rollason, “Why Social Media Makes Customer Service Better,” , Sep. 29, 2012Meris Stansbury, “Ten Ways Schools Are Using Social Media Effectively,” , Oct. 21, , “Pros and Cons of Social Media in Education,” , 2012National School Boards Association, “Creating and Connecting: Research and Guidelines on Online Social – and Educational – Networking,” , July 2007Mark Blankenship, “How Social Media Can and Should Impact Higher Education,”?Education Digest: Essential Readings Condensed for Quick Review, Mar. 2011Diane Cordell, “Skype and the Embedded Librarian,”?Library Technology Reports, Feb. 2012Tim Childers, “From Social Networking to Academic Networking… A Paradigm Shift,”?Internet@Schools, May-June 2011Edmodo, “About Edmodo,” (accessed Mar. 24, 2015)Greg Rollett, “How Musicians Are Using Social Media to Connect with Fans,” , Mar. 12, 2010Ben Sisario, “Digital Notes: 50,000 Are Owed Royalties, Agency Says,” mediacoder.blogs., Aug. 15, 2012Ben Sisario, “The New Rise of a Summer Hit: Tweet It Maybe” , Aug. 21, 2012Desiree Adib, “Pop Star Justin Bieber Is on the Brink of Superstardom,” abcnews., Nov. 14, 2009Zack O’Malley Greenburg, “Justin Bieber, Venture Capitalist,”?Forbes Asia Magazine, June 4, 2012National Endowment for the Arts, “NEA Chairman Rocco Landesman Announces New Report on How Americans Use Electronic Media to Participate in the Arts,” , June 25, 2010Kaplan Test Prep, “Kaplan Test Prep Survey: Percentage of College Admissions Officers Who Visit Applicants’ Social Networking Pages Continues to Grow — But Most Students Shrug,” press., Nov. 20, 2014Dana Flavelle, “Worries Follow Rise of Facebook,” , May 4, 2007Tabitha Whissemore, “Students Connect Through Social Media Project,” , Nov. 28, 2011Olga R. Rodriguez, “Mexico Tweets Cause Massive Shootout Panic,” , Sep. 8, 2012Sam Laird, “Twitter Troll Who Posted Fake Sandy News Apologizes to Internet,” , Oct. 30, , “Facebook & Your Privacy: Who Sees the Data You Share on the Biggest Social Network,”?Consumer Reports, June 2012Declan McCullagh, “Feds Snoop on Social-network Accounts Without Warrants,” , Sep. 27, 2012Sheryl Nance-Nash, “What Insurers Could Do with Your ‘Social Media Score,'” , Dec. 12, 2011Paul A. Kirschner and Aryn C. Karpinski, “Facebook and Academic Performance,”?Computers in Human Behavior, Nov. 2010Jimmy Daly, “How Is Facebook Affecting College Students’ Grades [Infographic],” , July 2, 2012Leslie Lanir, “Digital Information Overwhelms and Distracts Students,” , Nov. 4, 2012David Gutierrez, “Facebook Is Making You Miserable, Scientists Find,” , Nov. 29, 2012Lee Rainie, Amanda Lenhart, and Aaron Smith, “The Tone of Life on Social Networking Sites,” , Feb. 9, 2012Victoria J. Rideout, Ulla G. Foehr, and Donald F. Roberts, “Generation M2L Media in the Lives of 8- to 18-Year-Olds,” , Jan. 2010Mark Dolliver, “Social Networking: A Waste of Time?,” , Oct. 7, 2010Urs Gasser and John Palfrey, “Mastering Multitasking,”?Educational Leadership, Mar. 2009David P. Willis, “Social Media Games Have Become Big Business,” , Feb. 24, 2012Chris Cuomo, “Rep. Anthony Weiner: ‘The Picture Was of Me and I Sent It,'” abcnews., June 6, 2011Raquel Recuero, “Social Media Discourse: Violence, Olympiads and Our Everyday Life,” , Aug. 23, 2012K. Wolfling, M. E. Beutel, and K. W. Muller, “Construction of a Standardized Clinical Interview to Assess Internet Addiction: First Findings Regarding the Usefulness of AICA-C,”?Journal of Addiction Research & Therapy, 2012Tony Dokoupil, “Is the Onslaught Making Us Crazy?,”?Newsweek, July 16, 2012David Derbyshire, “Social Websites Harm Children’s Brains: Chilling Warning to Parents from Top Neuroscientist,”?Daily Mail, Feb. 24, 2009USC Annenberg School Center for the Digital Future, “Special Report: America at the Digital Turning Point,” annenberg.usc.edu, Jan, 2012Joann Pan, “Tweets at the Tables? More of Us Mix Social Media and Food,” , Feb. 29, 2012Barb Dybwad, “10% of Under 25s Think It’s OK to Text During Sex,” , May 5, 2010Matt McKinney, “Gangs Sometimes Fire First Shots Online,” , July 14, 2012Javelin Strategy & Research, “2012 Identity Fraud Industry Report: Social Media and Mobile Forming the New Fraud Frontier,” , 2012Alexandra Topping, “Social Networking Sites Fuelling Stalking, Report Warns,” guardian.co.uk, Feb. 1, 2012US Army, “Social Media Roundup: Dangers of Location-Based Social Networking and Geotagging,” , Feb. 22, 2012Daniel Hernandez, “Mexico: Decapitated Woman Mourned by Social Media Website,” , Sep. 25, , “Fourth Social Media Murder Reported in Nuevo Laredo,” , Nov. 10, 2011Nucleus Research, “Facebook: Measuring the Cost to Business of Social Networking,” , July 2009GFI Software, “Social Networking at Work: Thanks, but No Thanks?,” , June 3, 2011David Schepp, “Employees Admit Social Media Is a Waste of Their Time [Infographic],” jobs., June 13, 2012F. Mishna, C. Cook, T. Gadalla, J. Daciuk, and S. Solomon, “Cyber Bullying Behaviors Among Middle and High School Students,”?American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, July 2010Kathryn Anderson, “Workplace Aggression and Violence: Nurses and Midwives Say No,”?Australian Nursing Journal, July 2011Janis Wolak, David Finkelhor, and Kimberly J. Mitchell, “How Often Are Teens Arrested for Sexting? Data from a National Sample of Police Cases,”?Pediatrics, Jan. 2012Nancy V. Gifford, “Sexting in the USA,” (accessed Dec. 6, 2012)Ben Weitsenkorn, “Private Porn Pics Aren’t Private for Long,” , Oct. 2012Stephen Marche, “Is Facebook Making Us Lonely?,”?Atlantic Monthly, May 2012National Research Corporation, “1 in 5 Americans Use Social Media for Health Care Information,” hcmg., Feb. 28, 2011Megan Garber, “Health Blogger Could be Jailed for Giving Health Advice While Unlicensed,” , Apr. 24, 2012Jeffrey Benabio, “Why Twitter Is Bad for Your Health,” , Apr. 6, 2010Mia Moody, “New Media-Same Stereotypes: An Analysis of Social Media Depictions of President Barack Obama and Michelle Obama,”?The Journal of New Media & Culture, Summer 2012Matthew Johnson, “Facing Online Hate: Preparing Youth to Deal with Hate on the Internet,” medialiteracyweek.ca (accessed Dec. 6, 2012)Heidi Beirich and Laurie Wood, “Robert Killian’s Years of Posing as a Neo-Nazi Biker Cost Him Dearly,” , Fall 2012Ryan Owens and Chris Murphey, “Growing Number of ‘Project X’ Party Copycats Lead to Arrests Nationwide,” abcnews., Mar. 17, 2012NBC News, “Thousands Descend on Tiny Dutch Town after Facebook Invitation Goes Viral,” worldnews., Sep. 22, 2012CBS Local, “USC Study Examines Whether Social Networking Exacerbates Risky Behavior Among Teens,” losangeles., Apr. 2, 2012Howard Blume, “Students’ Online Photos of California Tests Delay Release of Scores,” , July 18, 2012Sal Bommarito, “New York City High School Cheating Scandal Sparks Fear That Facebook Can Be Used to Cheat,” , July 2012ExactTarget, “Digital Morning Report,” , 2010Jim Giles, “The Oracle of Facebook,”?New Scientist, Apr. 28, 2012Lindsey Stiner, “Is Social Media to Blame for Inappropriate Student-Teacher Relationships?,” , Oct. 16, 2012Abbie Alford, “Social Media Fueling Teacher & Student Sexual Relationships,” , May 24, 2012I am Baker, “The Ugly Truth about Instagram,” , June 26, 2012Angela West, “What You Should Know about Pinterest and Copyright,” , Feb. 26, 2012Nancy Messieh, “How Not to Run an Instagram Account: Vogue Spain Caught Stealing from Well-Known Street Photographer,” , Apr. 22, 2012Michael J. Bugeja, “Facing the Facebook,” , Jan. 23. 2006Janet Kornblum and Mary Beth Marklein, “What You Say Online Could Haunt You,” , Mar. 8, 2006Matt Raymond, “How Tweet It Is!: Library Acquires Entire Twitter Archive,” blogs., Apr. 14, 2010Shendl Tuchman, “Divorce and Social Networking Sites,” , Aug. 27, 2012Rob Waugh, “Beware the New Computer Virus Spreading Via Chat Messaging Window on Facebook,” dailymail.co.uk, May 21, 2012Kyle Christie, “Going Viral: Using Social Media to Publicise Academic Research,” guardian.co.uk, Apr. 11, 2011Emily Johns, “Dangers Faced by Journalists Extend to Social Media Users,” silha.umn.edu, Fall 2011Martha Payne, “Martha Payne: Diary of a Girl Who Fed the Starving,” telegraph.co.uk, Oct. 4, 2012Aaron Smith, Laurie Segall, and Stacy Cowley, “Facebook Reaches One Billion Users,” , Oct. 4, 2012Ashlee Vance, “Facebook: The Making of 1 Billion Users,” , Oct. 4, 2012Semiocast, “Brazil Becomes 2nd Country on Twitter, Japan 3rd Netherlands Most Active Country,” , Jan. 1, 2012Chenda Ngak, “Pinterest CEO Says Key to Success Was Marketing, Not Engineering,” , Oct. 22, 2012Sean Ludwig, “Pinterest Now the Third Most Popular Social Network After Facebook & Twitter,” , Apr. 5, 2012Nielsen Wire, “Social Media Report 2012: Social Media Comes of Age,” blog., Dec. 3, 2012Seer Interactive, “How Do They Make Money?,” (accessed Dec. 5, 2012)Tineka Smith, “Social Media Revenue Predicted to Reach $16.9bn in 2012,” , July 25, 2012Gartner, “Gartner Says Worldwide Social Media Revenue Forecast to Reach $16.9 Billion in 2012,” , July 25, 2012Pew Research Center for the People & the Press, “Internet’s Broader Role in Campaign 2008: Social Networking and Online Videos Take Off,” people-, Jan. 11, 2008Jeremiah Owyang, “Snapshot of Presidential Candidate Social Networking Stats: Nov 3, 2008,” web-, Nov. 3, 2008Vivek Kundra and Katie Stanton, “New Technologies and Participation,” , June 12, 2009White House Office of the Press Secretary, “Weekly Address: President Obama Announces Steps to Reform Government and Promote Fiscal Discipline,” , Apr. 25, 2009Audrey Hudson, “Exclusive: W.H. Collects Web Users’ Data Without Notice,” , Sep. 16, 2009Liz Gannes, “Twitter CEO Dick Costolo: We’re Not a Media Company. We’re in the Media Business.,” , Jan. 30, 2012Twitter Blog, “One Hundred Million Voices,” blog., Sep. 8, 2011Barack Obama, “Four More Years,” , Nov. 6, 2012Shea Bennett, “Revealed: Twitter’s 10 Most Retweeted Tweets of All Time,” , Sep. 27, 2012Tim Lister, “Tunisian Protests Fueled by Social Media Networks,” , Jan. 12, 2011Garry Blight, Sheila Pulham, and Paul Torpey, “Arab Spring: An Interactive Timeline of Middle East Protests,” guardian.co.uk, Jan. 5, 2012ENTRTNMNT, “Hillary Clinton Supports Twitter Use in Iran,” , June 18, 2009Michael Falcone, “In Iraq: To Twitter or Not to Twitter?,” thecaucus.blogs., Feb. 9, 2009Aaron Gouveia, “Wasting Time at Work,” (accessed Dec. 5, 2012)Illinois General Assembly, “HB1314,” , Aug. 2009Internet Safety Technical Task Force, “Enhancing Child Safety & Online Technologies,” cyber.law.harvard.edu, Dec. 31, 2008Martin O’Malley, “Chapter 233: Labor and Employment – User Name and Password Privacy Protection and Exclusions,” mlis.state.md.us, May 2, 2012Illinois General Assembly, “Bill Status of HB3782,” (accessed Dec. 5, 2012)Jerry Brown, “Today I Signed Two Bills to Prohibit Universities and Employers from Demanding Your Social Media Passwords,” , Sep. 27, 2012State of Delaware, “House Bill # 309 w/HA 1 + SA 2 + HA 2,” legis., July 20, 2012National Conference of State Legislatures, “Employer Access to Social Media Usernames and Passwords,” (accessed Dec. 5, 2012)Metro, “Instagram Attracts More Mobile Visitors Than Twitter for First Time,” metro.co.uk, Sep. 28, 2012Beth Snyder Bulik, “Apparently That Text Can’t Wait — Not Even During Sex: Report Reveals Surprising News about Social Media and Its Grip on Our Lives,” , May 5, 2010Pew Research Center, “Social Networking Fact Sheet,” (accessed Mar. 24, 2015)Zephoria, “The Top 20 Valuable Facebook Statistics,” , Feb. 2015Josh Constine, “Facebook’s Growth Since IPO in 12 Big Numbers,” , May 17, 2013Maeve Duggan, Nicole B. Ellison, Cliff Lampe, Amanda Lenhart and Mary Madden, “Social Media Update 2014,” , Jan. 9, 2015Twitter, “About,” (accessed Mar. 24, 2015)Michael Arrington, “Facebook Just Launched Open Registrations,” , Sep. 26, 2006DJ Saul, “3 Million Teens Leave Facebook in 3 Years: The 2014 Facebook Demographic Report,” , Jan. 15, 2014The Nielsen Company, “The Digital Consumer,” , Feb. 2014Reynol Junco, “Student Class Standing, Facebook Use, and Academic Performance,”?Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, Jan. 2015Ruffalo Noel Levitz, “2014 E-Recruiting Practices Report for Four-Year and Two-Year Institutions,” , 2014Robert M. Pressman, Judith A. Owens, et al., “Examining the Interface of Family and Personal Traits, Media, and Academic Imperatives Using the Learning Habit Study,” American Journal of Family Therapy, Sep. 2, 2014Reuters, “Maryland Students Accused of Using Twitter to Cheat on Test,” , Mar. 23, 2015Carol Robinson, “Student-teacher Sex: Are More Female Teachers Being Charged?,” , Mar. 4, 2014Associated Press, “Teacher-Student Sex Investigations Rising in Texas, 74 New Cases since Sept.,” , Mar. 16, 2015Merrill Hope, “41% Increase in Texas Teacher-Student Sexual Misconduct Cases,” , Mar. 19, 2015Pew Research Center, “Social Media Fact Sheet,” , Feb. 5, 2018Lars Willnat and David H. Weaver, “The American Journalist in the Digital Age: Key Findings,” news.indiana.edu, 2014Michael Barthel, Elisa Shearer, Jeffrey Gottfried, and Amy Mitchell, “The Evolving Role of News on Twitter and Facebook,” , July 14, 2015Nic Newman, David A. Levy, Richard Fletcher, and Rasmus Kleis Nielsen, “Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2016 Tracking the Future of News,” reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk, 2016BBC Trending “How the Paris Attacks Unfolded on Social Media,” , Nov. 17, 2015Nichole Tucker, “Study Shows That Twitter Broke the Ebola Outbreak Story Before Health Officials,” , June 3, 2015Sam Thielman, “Twitter Breaks News of the Boston Marathon Explosions: Injuries Reported, Photos Disseminated, Google Launches Person Finder,” , Apr. 15, 2013LexisNexis, “Social Media Use in Law Enforcement: Crime Prevention and Investigative Activities Continue to Drive Usage,” , Nov. 2014Alex Murray “How Messaging and Social Apps Helped Convict Adam Johnson,” , Mar. 24, 2016Anna Orso “This Tweet May Be Used Against You: Kathryn Knott, Social Media and Criminal Justice in 2015,” , Dec. 22, 2015McClatchy-Tribune News Service “More Departments Using Facebook to Catch Criminals,” , May 14, 2016Amanda Lenhart, Aaron Smith, Monica Anderson, Maeve Duggan and Andrew Perrin, “Teens, Technology & Friendships: Video Games, Social Media and Mobile Phones Play a Role in How Teens Meet and Interact with Friends,” , Aug. 2015Pew Research Center, “Women and Leadership,” , Jan. 14, 2015Rachel Hyde, “Pinterest and the Male Market: How to Make a Move,” , Jan. 26, 2016Cooper Smith, “Here’s Why Instagram’s Demographics Are So Attractive to Brands,” , Aug. 17, 2014Douglas MacMillan, “Snapchat CEO: 70% of Users Are Women,” blogs., Nov. 20, 2013JD Rucker, “Facebook Has More Female Users but Much More Male Journalists Covering It,” , Mar. 8, 2013Jobvite, “The Jobvite Recruiter Nation Survey 2015,” , 2015JobVite, “Americans Uncertain About the Future of Work, 2016 Jobvite Job Seeker Nation Shows,” , 2016Jobvite, “Job Seeker Nation Study 2015,” , 2015LookSharp, “State of College Hiring 2015,” usatcollege.files., 2015Refuel Agency, “2015 College Explorer,” research., Jan. 2016Rubina Madan Fillion, “The Five Biggest Social Media Movements of 2014,” blogs., Dec. 3, 2014Frank, “Movements That Defined 2015,” frank.jou.ufl.edu, Dec. 31, 2015Facebook, “Facebook Reports First Quarter 2016 Results and Announces Proposal for New Class of Stock,” investor., Apr. 27, 2016Ugochi Onwuanibe, “The Global Impact of Social Media,” , Sep. 7, 2015Andrew Perrin, “Social Media Usage 2005-2015,” , Oct. 8, 2015PlanetHunters, “A New Paper and New Planet Discoveries,” blog., Oct. 30, 2014Pencils of Promise, “Annual Report 2015,” , 2015ALS Association, “The ALS Association Expresses Sincere Gratitude to Over Three Million Donors,” , Aug. 29, 2014Nora Ganim Barnes, Ava M. Lescault, and Glenn Holmes, “The 2015 Fortune 500 and Social Media: Instagram Gains, Blogs Lose,” umassd.edu, 2015TopRank Marketing News, “TopRank Fast Facts: 50+ Useful Consumer Insights & Statistics for Online Marketers,” , May 20, 2013Rob Harris, “What Are the Benefits for Customers of Major Companies Using Social Media?,” smallbusiness. (accessed June 2, 2016)Edmodo, “About Edmodo,” (accessed June 2, 2016)Laura Woods, “Here’s Justin Bieber’s Net Worth on His 22nd Birthday,” , Feb. 29, 2016Facebook, “Safety Check,” (accessed June 2, 2016)Deepa Seetharaman, “Paris Attacks Push Facebook, Twitter Users to New Tools,” , Nov. 14, 2015Jordan Valinsky, “Australians Just Showed the World Exactly How to Respond to Terrorism with #IllRideWithYou,” , Dec. 15, 2014Tom Rosenstiel, Jeff Sonderman, Kevin Loker, Maria Ivancin, and Nina Kjarval, “Twitter and the News: How People Use the Social Network to Learn About the World,” , Sep. 1, 2015Mary Madden, “Public Perceptions of Privacy and Security in the Post-Snowden Era,” , Nov. 12, 2014Mary Madden, “Privacy Management on Social Media Sites,” , Feb. 24, 2012Facebook, “Government Requests Report,” govtrequests. (accessed June 8, 2016)Twitter, “Transparency Report: Information Requests – United States,” transparency. (accessed June 8, 2016)Glenn Greenwald, “XKeyscore: NSA Tool Collects ‘Nearly Everything a User Does on the Internet’,” , July 31, 2013Insurance Quotes, “Your Social Media Could Affect Your Insurance Rates,” (accessed June 8, 2016)Louis-Philippe Beland and Richard Murphy, “Ill Communication: Technology, Distraction & Student Performance,” cep.lse.ac.uk, May 2015Common Sense Media, “The Common Sense Census: Media Use by Tweens and Teens,” , 2015Amada Lenhart, “Chapter 5: Conflict, Friendships and Technology,” , Aug. 6, 2015Russell B. Clayton, Alexander Nagurney, and Jessica R. Smith, “Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking,” online., Oct. 2013Russell B. Clayton, “The Third Wheel: The Impact of Twitter Use on Relationship Infidelity and Divorce,” cs.vu.nl, 2014Jason Mander, “Daily Time Spent on Social Networks Rises to 1.72 Hours,” , Jan. 26, 2015International Social Games Association, “About Social Games,” i- (accessed June 15, 2016)Kimberlee Morrison, “52% of Recruiters Check Social Media During the Hiring Process [Infographic],” , Mar. 24, 2015Richard Sandomir, “Curt Schilling, ESPN Analyst, Is Fired Over Offensive Social Media Post,” , Apr. 20, 2016Liu Yi Lin, Jaime E. Sidani, Ariel Shensa, Ana Radovic, Elizabeth Miller, Jason B. Colditz, Beth L. Hoffman, Leila M. Giles, and Brian A. Primack, “Association Between Social Media Use and Depression Among U.S. Young Adults,” ncbi.nlm., Apr. 2016Cecilie Schou Andreassen, St?le Pallesen, and Mark D. Griffiths, “The Relationship Between Addictive Use of Social Media, Narcissism, and Self-Esteem: Findings from a Large National Survey,” , Feb. 2016Office for National Statistics, “Insights into Children’s Mental Health and Well-Being,” .uk, Oct. 20, 2015Kostadin Kushlev, Jason Proulx, and Elizabeth W. Dunn, “‘Silence Your Phones’: Smartphone Notifications Increase Inattention and Hyperactivity Symptoms,” , 2016University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, “Overusing Social Media as an Adolescent May Hurt Your Love Life Later On,” uncnews.unc.edu, June 21, 2016Conor Gallagher, “Man Jailed After Having Sex with Girl (15) He Groomed Using Fake Social Media Profile,” independent.ie, Jan. 12, 2016Callum Jones, “Man Jailed for Six Years After He Groomed Girls Online and Offered Money for Sex,” northamptonchron.co.uk, Feb, 23, 2016Ray Surette, “Social Networks Set Off a ‘Performance Crime’ Spree,” , Jan. 30, 2016Ed Smith, “Social Media and Crime,” , Aug. 21, 2013SYRIA:Direct, “Islamic State Executes Female Journalist in Raqqa,” , Jan. 4, 2016Hawes Spencer, Sheryl Gay Stolberg, and Richard Perez-Pena, “Concerns over Social Media Link to Virginia Girl’s Killing,” , Feb. 1, 2016Ellen Barry and Maher Sattar, “Bangladesh Activist Is Killed after Criticizing Militants,” , Apr. 7, 2016Kenneth Olmstead, Cliff Lampe, and Nicole B. Ellison, “Social Media and the Workplace,” , June 22, 2016Society for Human Resource Management, “Does 24-Hour Connectedness Create Feelings of Guilt?,” , Apr. 23, 2015Alicia Compton and Catherine O’Flynn, “Employment Snapshot 2016: Social Media in the Workplace,” , 2016Cox, “2014 Teen Internet Safety Survey,” , 2014Statistic Brain, “Cyberbullying / Bullying Statistics,” (accessed July 13, 2016)Sameer Hinduja and Justin W. Patchin, “State Cyberbullying Laws,” , Jan. , “11 Facts About Sexting,” (accessed July 13, 2016)Sameer Hinduja and Justin W. Patchin, “State Sexting Laws,” , July 2015Ryan J. Reilly, “Domestic Terrorists Organizing Online Are ‘Real Threat,’ DOJ Warns,” , Oct. 14, 2015Jamie Bartlett, Jeremy Reffin, Noelle Rumball, and Sarah Williamson, “Anti-Social Media,” demos.co.uk, Feb. 2014David Martin Davies, “Dramatic Increase of Improper Student-Teacher Relationships in Texas,” , Oct. 3, 2016Kaplan Test Prep, “Kaplan Test Prep Survey: College Admissions Officers Say Social Media Increasingly Affects Applicants’ Chances,” press., Feb. 10, 2017Andrew McGill, “Can Twitter Fit Inside the Library of Congress?,” , Aug. 4, 2016American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers (AAML), “Big Surge in Social Networking Evidence Says Survey of Nation’s Top Divorce Lawyers,” , Feb. 10, 2010Hunt Allcott and Matthew Gentzkow, “Social Media and Fake News in the 2016 Election,” web.stanford.edu, Jan. 2017Doreen McCallister, “Snapchat Parent’s Stock Soars by 50 Percent on First Day of Trading,” , Mar. 2, 2017Michael Gove and Kai Diekmann, “Full Transcript of Interview with Donald Trump,” thetimes.co.uk, Jan. 16, 2017Richard Gray, “Lies, Propaganda and Fake News: A Challenge for Our Age,” , Mar. 1, 2017BBC, “Pizzagate: Gunman Fires in Restaurant at Centre of Conspiracy,” , Dec. 5, 2016Maeve Duggan, Nicole B. Ellison, Cliff Lampe, Amanda Lenhart, and Mary Madden, “Demographics of Key Social Networking Platforms,” , Jan. 9, 2015Rob Price, “Facebook’s New Video Business Is Awash with Copyright Infringement and Celebrities Are Some of the Biggest Offenders, ” , May 6, 2015James Estrin, “Haitian Photographer Wins Major U.S. Copyright Victory,” lens.blogs., Nov. 23, 2013Nicole Martinez, “Video Creators Are Losing Millions from Facebook Video Posts,” , Sep. 3, 2015Soroush Vosoughi, Deb Roy, Sinan Aral, “The Spread of True and False News Online,” Science, Mar. 2018United States of America v. Internet Research Agency LLC, et al., , Feb. 16, 2018Alyssa Newcomb, “How Parkland’s Social Media-Savvy Teens Took Back the Internet — and the Gun Control Debate,” , Feb. 22, 2018Michelle Cottle, “How Parkland Students Changed the Gun Debate,” , Feb. 28, 2018German Lopez, “It’s Official: March for Our Lives Was One of the Biggest Youth Protests since the Vietnam War,” , Mar. 26, 2018Katanga Johnson, “‘Vote Them Out!’ – Thousands Register to Vote at U.S. Gun-Control Marches,” , Mar. 24, 2018New York Times, “Facebook’s Zuckerberg Braces for Two Days of Grueling Capitol Hill Questioning,” , Apr. 10, 2018Joseph Weber, “Facebook’s Zuckerberg Braces for Two Days of Grueling Capitol Hill Questioning,” , Apr. 10, 2018 ................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download