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S.S 11 Interwar Years Topics

Part I: Chapter 3: The Roaring Twenties

Topic # 1 Prosperity of the 20’s

A. The Winnipeg General Strike (pp. 62, 64-65 in Counterpoints)

• What was the “red menace/scare” (see internet)?

• Why did the demonstrators gather on Main Street?

How did the mayor react?

1. Imagine yourself to be a newspaper reporter in Winnipeg at the time of the Winnipeg General strike. Write an article describing the 5 W’s of this event as if they were a current event-Where, When, Who, What, Why. (p. 49-51)

Terms to be included: socialism, communism, One Big Union, demands of Canadian workers including collective bargaining, higher wages and a shorter working week, Citizens of One Thousand, Bloody Saturday, J.S. Woodsworth, Cooperative Commonwealth Federation (CCF)-present day NDP.

B. Canadian Autonomy (p. 80-83 in Counterpoints)

Write an answer in sentences and paragraphs to the following question-

How did Canada’s leaders demonstrate that Canada was its own country and distinct from the British rule in this time period? Consider the following events:

It would be useful to discuss these in Chronological order!

Also, include a visual showing each.

Vimy Ridge-A key uphill battle to overtake a key position held by Germans

A-Canada build a number of tunnels, rehearsed and took the ridge when the British and Germans could not-BIG for our independence (Autonomy)-“They said it couldn’t be done, and we did it”

*The Paris Peace Conference and the Treaty of Versailles, 1919-A conference to end the war it outlined punishments and territorial divisions for losers Germany

A-PM Borden argued we should have our own seat because of our accomplisments during WW One (US and france said we would be British puppets)

* The Chanak Affair of 1922-Britain wanted to take a key port in Turkey

A-They ask for troops and Canada refuses-1st time that we say no to helping Britain militarily

*The Halibut Treaty 1923 – A treaty with the US to protect Halibut on the coast of BC and Alaska

A-This is Canada’s first independently negotiated treaty without GB help

*The King-Byng Affair of 1926 – PM King asked GG Byng to dissolve parliament – Byng said no – An election is eventually called and who wins PM KING PM>GG

A-The role of the GG changes becoming SYMBOL

The Imperial Conference of 1926 – The colonies asked GB for independence

A-Lord Balfour looked at the request and said that the colonies should indeed govern themselves

*British parliaments passing of the Statute (LAW) of Westminster 1931-British empire(British Commowealth

A-This is the official document that recognizes the independence of Canada (foreign policy)

2 limitations: The top court in Canada was where? BRITAIN

Our constitution stays in GB – AMENDING FORMULA

Constitution stayed in Britain till 82 – Our Consitution oulines the rules and powers of Government and people

A-Trudeau patriated the Constituion in 82-7/10 provinces representing 50% of our population.

C. The Bubble of Prosperity (pp. Counterpoints 63)

Describe the importance of the following industries in Canada

Canadian Wheat, Hydro electric plants, Newsprint, Mining, Branch Plants (FOREIGN OWNED INDUSTRIES), Primary (FISHING, MINING, AGRICULTURE, Forestry ETC) and Secondary Industries (MANUFACTURE) (Basically what happened to all of these industries BoominG)

Canadian Wheat-Major Export of Canada (the biggest economic contributor)

Hydro-Electric Plants-Cheap, renewable energy

Newsprint-Exported to the US (75%)-used in the important newspaper-

Mining-WE have a lot of key natural ores – that can be used in industry (steel)-Record amounts produced for export.

Branch Plants (FOREIGN OWNED BUSInesses)-American run business in Canada (positive-created transportation because of cars, jobs!!!!!, good economy

Negative (who owns them? The US-if the US economy is suffering-branch plants close down-jobs are lost)

Primary Industry-Industires that extract or harvest raw materials (eg. Wheat, forestry, mining, fishing, oil)

Secondary industry-manufacturing (take raw materials – add value)

1. How did Americans come to dominate Canadian businesses? Branch Plants (Foreign owned businesses)

2. What are some of the long-term effects of American dominance of Canadian industry? Less Autonomy, control over our country, our economy is linked to theirs we might suffer as well, a lot of plants shutting down and Canadians are unemployed they are relocating to poorer countries to take advantage of low wages and poor environmental standards

Topic #2 Life in the Twenties-The Roaring 20s(pp. Counterpoints 67-68)

1. How did the invention of the car affect the lives of Canadians? Easier, better roads, spawned new inventions, expanded assembly line (factory system-FORD), people moving away from polluted city center

2. What sorts of new technology led to the influence of the U.S. on Canadian culture?

Radio-Moving Films, telephones (transportation of ideas)

American Cultural Invasion

3. Who was the Group of Seven? Emily Carr-Landscape Painters-They paint the Canadian wilderness and Aboriginal culture (they are the first group to do so!)

Topic #3 Missing the Roar

Women’s Changing Role and Prohibition (Counterpoints p. 66, and 72-73)

Explain how the clothing women wore during the 1920s was indicative (showed) of their changing role. –Skimpy clothing was a symbol of female independence (rebellion)-Versatile

1. What was the Women’s Christian Temperance Union? WCTU-Prohibition against alcohol destroyed homes!

2. What was the reasoning behind Prohibition? – Abuse, loss of livelihood

3. In Canada, how did some people find their way around the prohibition laws?

Bootlegging, Doctor’s Notes

1920s prohibition was not working

1921=regulation instead of banning

Government controlled outlets

Rum=running to US as illegal transport to US

4. What was women’s social status-Wives and mothers (low on the social ladder)

Paid poorly in low

5. Who was the first female Member of Parliament? – Agnes MacPhail

6. a) What did the Famous Five seek?

Irene Parlby-first cabinet minister in Alb (PROV)

Emily Murphy-First female magistrate (JUDGE)

Irene Parlby first femaile cab minister in ALB

Henrietta Muir-National Council of Women (Women’s rights)

Nelly McClung-Suffragette (a vote)-WWONE

Louise McKiney-MLA-ALB

Women’s political status, but move specifically women=persons.

b) Why was this question of particular concern to Emily Murphy? –magistrate in Alberta wanted to be Senator

c) Although the Supreme Court of Canada ruled that females were not considered persons in the BNA Act, explain the final outcome of the Person’s case-Persons, 1930 – because they take their claim to Privy Council (top court in England)-Women=People(Women can now serve in upper level government positions like the Senate

7. Who was the first woman senator? – Cairine Wilson (PERSONS CASE)=AS a result of the Persons case where could women sit?=SENATE

[pic]

Missing the Roar = 1920s Prosperous=Minorities usually do not partake in the prosperity SEXISM/RACISM

Aboriginal Peoples: The Struggle to Preserve an Identity (Counterpoints 74-75)

1. When did Aboriginal Peoples get a chance to vote in Federal Elections? 1960 Were they the last group to receive the vote in Canada? – Yes

2. What was the Canadian Government’s policy of assimilation (turn a group into what the predominant group was-English Speaking Canadians?) – Europeans-cultural genocide[pic]

3. What was/is the Aboriginal struggle for land (include Aboriginal title and cut-off lands)-Aboriginal-right to ancenstral land/treaties

Reserves (tiny tracts of land) were being cut off (1920s_)

4. Why did Aboriginal resent the government’s policy of enfranchisement?  legal process for terminating a person's Indian status Loss of Status (NO more ABORIGINAL) – Took away culture!

5. What was the goal of self determination? – Self-government

African Canadians: Undistinguished Racism

1. Discuss issues of intolerance (not accepting) and tolerance relevant to African Canadians.

Intolerant

• Africans were discourage to come into Canada=immigration

Discrimination

• Nova Scotia-1918(54=Segregation in schools

• Supreme court of Quebec=Segregation in movie theatres=Quebec

I heard this woman phoning (NS) and she said that she woke up one morning to find a burning cross on her front yard (KKK) -2010-She was dating an African Canadian Man

• Crap jobs for low pay

• KKK had short lived branches in Canada (Vancouver 1925)

Tolerance

Accepted into Union, 1919-Brotherhood of Railway Workers

1924-Edmonton-City council voted against ban on city parks/pools

Immigrants

1. Discuss ways in which immigrants faced discrimination in the 1920s.

Preference GB and Northern European Immigrants/US=RACE

Bad jobs for low pay

Chinese 1885-Head Tax-$50, $500

1923-1947-Chinese Exclusion Act – Not allowing Chinese Immigrants

1914-Komagata Maru

Eastern Europeans not wanted because of RED SCARE (fear of communism)

Deportation of Communists agitators

Japanese=limit of 150 /year



Topic 4-A New Challenge to Federalism: Regionalism

1. What is Regionalism? Concerns of a particular area-Care more about your area (region) than the entire country

2. What intensified the feeling of Regionalism in the following regions: Maritimes, Prairies, Quebec and Western Canada?

Maritimes: Decline in Business major plants were shutting down and underrepresentation (low population) in Parliament.

Prairies-Tariffs (tax) and duties-

Buy a tractor from the States for States Tractor=10$ + 20=30$

Cdn 20$-National Policy-but the Canadian Government placed a tax on the American tractor 20$ = 30$

Quebec?=Economy Thriving=More political interests to protect=Language and Culture was being threatened

Western Canada=Economy is growing because of our port and the construction of the Panama = Canal=More political Say

3. Look at fig. 3-16 (p. 78). What is the message of the cartoon?

Prairies are putting in all the work-who is benefiting? Ontario and Quebec

Part II: Chapter 4: A Decade of Despair

Topic 5: Economic cycles-The Economy during the 20s, 30s

Refer to the Counterpoints 90

1. Identify two reasons for the economic “boom” of the 1920s.

2. Define the following terms (include details and significance): laissez faire, market economy, mixed economy, supply and demand

3. Explain the phases of the Economic Cycle using a Visual Organizer

Recovery, Prosperity, Recession,Depression (fig. 4-2)

4. Explain the business cycle from 1924-1936 using the terminology above:

Topic # 6 The Causes Depression (Counterpoints pp. 91-92)

1. Explain how a stockholder can make a profit through the stock market.

2. Explain what is meant by the term “buying on margin/credit”.

3. a)Why did investors in Canadian wheat companies start to rapidly sell their shares towards the end of the 1920s?

b) What then created the downward spiral which eventually led to the stock market crash?

3. Events-Stock Market crashes-When did the Stock Market Crash occur?

4. Causes

• Overproduction

• Canada’s Reliance on Exporting Staple Products

• Canada’s Dependence on the US

• The Stock Market Crash

• Economic Protectionism and Tariffs

• International Debt and the First World War

Topic #7: Responses to the Great Depression (Counterpoints pp. 94-102)

Part A: CANADA (Responding to the Great Depression)

1. Name five ways in which some Canadians tried to address their economic problems. (answer in class)

2. Why did so many people “ride the rails”?

3. What was “living on the Pogey/Dole”?

4. Why didn’t more people collect public relief (pogey)?

5. How were minorities treated during this time (immigrants/Aboriginals/Women)?

6. Explain how Prime Minister Bennett initially responded to the Depression when he was elected in 1930.

7. Describe the effects of drought & Nature. (Counterpoints p. 94)

Describe the Prairie Rehabilitation Administration Act of 1935 (p.101)

8. How did Mackenzie King approach the Depression? What happened in the election of 1930?

9. What approach did King and Bennett have in dealing with the economic problems early on?

10. What measures did Bennett put in place to deal with the depression? Were they successful?

11. Use a storyboard to describe the events of the “On-to-Ottawa Trek and Regina Riot.

12. Outline the components of Bennett’s “New Deal” Pick three you can remember!

PM Bennett’s New Deal did not work because some elements went beyond Federal Jurisdiction.

13. How involved should a government be in an economy? Read pp. 105 and pick a side.

Topic 8: Politics of Protest (Provincial Solutions) (pp. Counterpoints 106-107)

1. 10. Describe the importance of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF)? Why it is closely related to the idea of regionalism. (pp. 86 Counterpoints) What was its platform?

2. Describe the importance of the Social Credit Party in Alberta (pp. 87 Counterpoints). Who was its leader and what did he try to give Albertans. Was he successful?

3. Describe the importance of the Union Nationale in Quebec (pp. 87-88 Counterpoints). What is the Padlock Law? (Research on the internet!)

4. Describe Premier Patulllo’s “Little New Deal”.

Topic 9-A Change in Government (Counterpoints 110)

1. Why did the people turn against Bennett and elect Mackenzie King in the next election?

2. What did Mackenzie King try to do help out the economy? (mention equalization payments)

3. Name some ways in which people “distracted” themselves from the despair of the Great Depression. (see ppt online)

Essay Topic:

1. Explain how Canadians responded to the Great Depression. Your answer much include political, economic and social examples.

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