Cellular Respiration:



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#___ Review - Respiration

Glycolysis: (does not require oxygen)

1 molecule of (6C) + 2 ATP ( 2 pyruvic acid (3C) +

Also, 2 NAD+ + 4e_ + 4 H+ ( 2 NADH + 2 H+. The electron carriers go to the

1. Where does glycolysis happen?

2. When the ATP molecules are used, the phosphate groups that are produced become part of molecules formed during glycolysis.

3. Which molecule is the electron acceptor?

4. Where does it get its electrons?

5. After it accepts the electrons, what molecule does it become? This molecule can then become an electron during the e .

6. What is the purpose of glycolysis? To make and

7. How many ATP molecules are produced? (total), which means (net) after you subtract the 2 ATP molecules used to start glycolysis.

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION: Immediately after glycolysis. Happens in the

Lactic Acid Fermentation:

Pyruvic acid ( + 2 ATP (from glycolysis)

Nice to know: In our bodies, the liver can change lactic acid back into pyruvic acid.

Alcoholic Fermentation:

Pyruvic acid ( alcohol (ethyl alcohol) + + 2 ATP (from glycolysis)

Nice to know: Bread is soft because yeast produces CO2 bubbles that form pockets of air in the dough as bread bakes.

AEROBIC RESPIRATION:

Intermediate step after glycolysis:

is converted into acetyl-CoA (Your textbook has this step as part of the citric acid cycle.)

Citric Acid/ Cycle:

2 acid ( [ + ] (from the intermediate step)

&

[ + + + ]

(from the citric acid cycle)

1. Where do the intermediate step and the citric acid cycle happen?

2. This part of respiration stores energy for later use in and (not ATP).

3. These two molecules donate their to the next step. This converts their stored energy into a form that can be used to make ATP.

4. Where do the CO2 molecules go?

5. How many ATP molecules are produced? /pyruvic acid or /glucose

Electron Transport Chain:

( NAD+ + 2 e- + H+

( FAD + 2 e- + 2H+

4H+ + O2 + e- ( (so oxygen is also known as the final )

ADP + Pi (

1. Where does this occur? In the mitochondria, specifically the .

2. Technically, the proteins of the electron transport chain do not produce ATP. As e move along the electron transport chain, p (a.k.a. ) are pumped actively from the matrix into the intermembrane space. This causes the intermembrane space to have a concentration of protons, which makes the protons want to go back into the matrix. However, the only way back into the matrix is through the enzyme . When protons go through this channel, the enzyme takes and to produce ATP.

Nice to know: NADH causes more H+ (3) to be transported out of the membrane than FADH2 (2).

3. How many ATP molecules are produced? Up to (depending on NADH or FADH2)

The three parts of

aerobic respiration:

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Anaerobic Respiration

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