2016 Biology Written examination

Victorian Certificate of Education 2016

STUDENT NUMBER

SUPERVISOR TO ATTACH PROCESSING LABEL HERE

Letter

BIOLOGY

Written examination

Friday 28 October 2016

Reading time: 9.00 am to 9.15 am (15 minutes) Writing time: 9.15 am to 11.45 am (2 hours 30 minutes)

QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK

Section

A B

Structure of book

Number of questions

40 11

Number of questions to be answered

40 11

Number of marks

40 70 Total 110

? Students are permitted to bring into the examination room: pens, pencils, highlighters, erasers, sharpeners and rulers.

? Students are NOT permitted to bring into the examination room: blank sheets of paper and/or correction fluid/tape.

? No calculator is allowed in this examination.

Materials supplied ? Question and answer book of 34 pages. ? Answer sheet for multiple-choice questions.

Instructions ? Write your student number in the space provided above on this page. ? Check that your name and student number as printed on your answer sheet for multiple-choice

questions are correct, and sign your name in the space provided to verify this. ? All written responses must be in English.

At the end of the examination ? Place the answer sheet for multiple-choice questions inside the front cover of this book.

Students are NOT permitted to bring mobile phones and/or any other unauthorised electronic devices into the examination room.

? VICTORIAN CURRICULUM AND ASSESSMENT AUTHORITY 2016

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SECTION A ? Multiple-choice questions

Instructions for Section A

Answer all questions in pencil on the answer sheet provided for multiple-choice questions. Choose the response that is correct for the question. A correct answer scores 1; an incorrect answer scores 0. Marks will not be deducted for incorrect answers. No marks will be given if more than one answer is completed for any question.

Use the following information to answer Questions 1?5. The diagrams below represent three of the major macromolecule groups in living things.

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Group A

Group B

Group C

Question 1 Synthesis of macromolecules from these groups involves A. energy-generating condensation reactions requiring an input of water molecules. B. energy-generating reactions requiring an input of carbon dioxide molecules. C. energy-requiring condensation reactions with an output of water molecules. D. energy-requiring reactions with an output of oxygen molecules.

Question 2 Starch, glycogen and cellulose are some examples of macromolecules from Group A. Which one of the following would be true for these Group A macromolecules? A. All three macromolecules are complex lipids and the monomer is lactose. B. All three macromolecules are complex polymers and the monomer is ribose. C. All three macromolecules are complex triglycerides and the monomer is fructose. D. All three macromolecules are complex carbohydrates and the monomer is glucose.

SECTION A ? continued

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Question 3 Each monomer of a macromolecule from Group B is made up of a A. deoxyribose sugar, a phospholipid group and a nitrogen-containing base. B. deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing base. C. ribose sugar, a phospholipid group and a nitrogen-containing base. D. ribose sugar, a phosphate group and a glycerol backbone.

2016 BIOLOGY EXAM

Question 4 A portion of one strand of a macromolecule from Group B has the sequence -CGATTCGGTTAAThe complementary strand would be A. -CGATTCGGTTAAB. -AATTGGCTTAGCC. -GCTAAGCCAATTD. -GCUAAGCCAAUU-

Question 5 If a sample of a macromolecule from Group C were chemically analysed, you would expect to find that it contains A. amino acids and phosphate. B. fatty acids and phosphate. C. amino acids only. D. glucose.

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SECTION A ? continued TURN OVER

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Question 6

Many eukaryotic cells have proteins as part of their plasma membranes. An experiment was performed on two different animal cells. The diagrams below show the positions and shapes of two proteins on the plasma membranes of the two different cells.

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These cells were then fused. After one hour, the plasma membrane of the resulting living cell was observed. The changed positions of the proteins are shown below.

The redistribution of proteins on the plasma membrane can be explained by A. the fluid mosaic model. B. movement due to osmosis. C. the presence of cholesterol in the plasma membrane. D. the active transport of proteins across the plasma membrane.

SECTION A ? continued

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2016 BIOLOGY EXAM

Question 7 In animal cells, tight junctions are multi-protein complexes that mediate cell-to-cell adhesion and regulate transport through the extracellular matrix. Proteins that form these complexes are made within the cell. One pathway for the production of protein for these junctions is A. nucleus ? ribosome ? Golgi apparatus ? vesicle ? endoplasmic reticulum. B. nucleus ? ribosome ? endoplasmic reticulum ? vesicle ? Golgi apparatus. C. nucleus ? vesicle ? endoplasmic reticulum ? Golgi apparatus ? ribosome. D. nucleus ? vesicle ? Golgi apparatus ? ribosome ? endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 8 Consider the following diagram of a plasma membrane.

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The structure labelled `X' is a A. protein channel. B. cholesterol molecule. C. glycoprotein molecule. D. phospholipid molecule.

Question 9 ATP is important in living cells as it A. is required for osmosis. B. provides a supply of usable energy for the cell. C. provides one of the building blocks for lipid synthesis. D. is an important structural component of the plasma membrane.

X

Source: magnetix/

SECTION A ? continued TURN OVER

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Question 10 Plants grown in light were supplied with water containing radioactive oxygen atoms. After four hours, an analysis of the chemicals in and around the plants was undertaken. Which one of the following would contain the radioactive oxygen atoms after four hours? A. protein B. glucose C. oxygen gas D. carbon dioxide gas

Question 11 Which one of the following statements about photosynthesis in chloroplasts is correct? A. The grana are the site of the light-independent stage. B. Chlorophyll found in the stroma traps light for use during the light-dependent stage. C. The light-dependent stage produces ATP for use during the light-independent stage. D. The light-independent stage captures carbon dioxide for use during the light-dependent stage to produce

glucose.

Question 12 In a prokaryotic cell undergoing binary fission A. a circular molecule of DNA is replicated. B. a nuclear membrane is synthesised. C. spindle proteins are formed. D. a cell plate is formed.

Question 13 A cell divides to produce gametes. This process will A. supply cells for the replacement of damaged tissue. B. produce cells that are genetically identical. C. involve one nuclear division. D. produce haploid cells.

SECTION A ? continued

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2016 BIOLOGY EXAM

Question 14

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is a hormone involved in the regulation of blood plasma solute concentration. Osmoreceptors detect changes in blood plasma solute concentration and stimulate magnocellular neurons. Magnocellular neurons are special neurons that synthesise ADH, storing ADH in vesicles until stimulated to release it. ADH diffuses across a gap and into a capillary. This process is shown in the diagram below.

blood vessel

osmoreceptor

ADH-containing vesicles

ADH released

magnocellular neuron

capillary

The graph below shows the concentration of ADH in the blood at different plasma solute concentrations.

plasma concentration of ADH (arbitrary units)

0 270 280 290 300 310 plasma solute concentration (mOs/kg)

Based on the information given and your own knowledge, which one of the following is a correct statement? A. At plasma solute concentrations below 285 mOs/kg, nerve electrical impulses from the osmoreceptor are too

small in magnitude to trigger the release of a neurotransmitter. B. At plasma solute concentrations above 285 mOs/kg, nerve electrical impulses begin to cross the synaptic gap

between the osmoreceptor and the magnocellular neuron. C. At plasma solute concentrations above 285 mOs/kg, the frequency of nerve electrical impulses in the

magnocellular neuron will trigger increased release of ADH. D. At plasma solute concentrations between 270 and 285 mOs/kg, the osmoreceptors do not detect changes.

SECTION A ? continued TURN OVER

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Question 15 An experiment was conducted to test the following two hypotheses about the effect of the plant growth regulator indoleacetic acid (IAA): ? Hypothesis 1 ? Low concentrations of IAA stimulate root growth and have no effect on shoot growth. ? Hypothesis 2 ? Concentrations of IAA above 0.01 parts per million stimulate shoot growth but inhibit root growth.

In the experiment, radish seedlings were grown in different concentrations of IAA, as indicated in the table below.

Concentration of IAA (parts per million)

0 0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01 1 10 100

Stimulation (+)/ inhibition (?) of shoot growth (%)

0 +0.10 +6 ?20 ?60 ?70 ?80 ?90

Stimulation (+)/ inhibition (?) of root growth (%)

0 ?30 ?50 ?70 ?85 ?90 ?95 ?100

Which one of the following is a reasonable conclusion to draw from the results of the experiment? A. Only Hypothesis 1 is supported. B. Only Hypothesis 2 is supported. C. Hypotheses 1 and 2 are both supported. D. Hypotheses 1 and 2 are both not supported.

Question 16 Which one of the following is a catabolic process? A. the conversion of glycogen to glucose B. the production of carbohydrates during photosynthesis C. the synthesis of a polypeptide hormone from amino acids D. the formation of a triglyceride from glycerol and fatty acids

SECTION A ? continued

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