Grade 12 Resource Book
G.C.E. (Advanced Level)
Biology
Grade 12
Resource Book
Department of Science
Faculty of Science and Technology
National Institute of Education
nie. lk
G.C.E. (Advanced Level) Biology
Resource Book - Gr.12
G.C.E. (Advanced Level)
Biology
Grade 12
Resource Book
Department of Science
Faculty of Science and Technology
National Institute of Education
nie. lk
G.C.E. (Advanced Level) Biology
Biology
Resource Book
Resource Book -Gr.12
Resource Book - Gr.12
Message from the Director General
Dr. (Mrs.) T. A. R. J. Gunasekara
G.C.E. (Advanced Level) Biology
G.C.E. (Advanced Level) Biology
Resource Book -Gr.12
Message from the Director
From 2017, a rationalized curriculum is in effect for the G.C.E (A/L) in the education system
in Sri Lanka. It means updating the curriculum that was in implementation.
In this effort, revisions were made in the content, form and curricular materials of the G.C.E
(A/L) subjects Physics, Chemistry and Biology and in concurrence to that, certain changes in
the learning teaching methodology, evaluation and assessment were expected. The volume of
the subject matter in the curriculum was largely reduced and several alterations in the learning
teaching sequence were also made. A new teachers¡¯ hand book was introduced in place of the
old curricular material, the teachers¡¯ instruction manual.
The teachers¡¯ instruction manual contained a line-up of subject matter expected to be learnt
but the newly introduced teacher¡¯s hand book doesn¡¯t accommodate any subject matter. Yet,
it provides a guideline for teachers to mould the learning events and for evaluation. Though
the teacher¡¯s hand book implicitly enunciates the limits of the subject by way of the learning
outcomes, the teachers¡¯ hand book only is not suf?cient to identify holistically the con?nes
of the facts. Thus emerged the need of a resource book which simply describes the subject
content. This book comes to you as a result of an attempt to ful?ll that requirement.
When implementing the previous curricula, the use of internationally recognized standard
textbooks published in English has been an imperative for Advanced Level Science subjects.
But, the contradictions of facts related to subject matter and inclusion of material beyond the
limits of the local curriculum in them, usage of those books was not an easy task for teachers
and students.
This book, offers students an opportunity to study the relevant subject content in the mother
tongue within the limits of the local curriculum. It also provides both students and teachers a
source of reliable information expected by the curriculum dispensing with seedling information
from various print media and extra classes.
This book authored by specialist subject teachers and university lectures is presented to you
after the approval of the Academic Affairs Board and the Council of the NIE. Thus it can be
recommended as a material of high standard.
Mr. R. S. J. P. Uduporuwa
Director
Department of Science
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