BIOLOGY
BIOLOGY NOTES NAME:
BIOCHEMISTRY PART 1 DAY / MOD:
PAGES 36-39 DATE:
Standard:
____ Interpret formula representations of molecules and compounds in terms of composition and structure
Essential Question:
1.
I. Matter
Matter = anything that occupies _______________ and has _______________.
A. The Structure of Matter
1. Atoms = the basic units of ____________
• Atoms can be broken down into smaller parts called ________________ particles
a. proton = subatomic particle that has a ___________ charge
b. neutron = subatomic particle that has ___ charge
❖ nucleus = the center of the ________ where protons and neutrons are located
c. electron = subatomic particle that has a ____________ charge
❖ electrons are in constant ____________ around the ______________ in an area known as the electron cloud
❖ The electron cloud has different __________ levels that can hold a specific number of electrons
➢ 1st level (closest to nucleus) - _________ electrons
➢ 2nd level - __________ electrons
2. Elements = a pure substance that consists entirely of _____ type of atom
• elements cannot be __________ down into simpler substances
• each element is represented by a ____________ symbol
Oxygen = _____ Hydrogen = ______ Calcium = _____ Sodium = _____
Carbon = _____ Phosphorus = _____ Chlorine = _____ Potassium = _____
Nitrogen = _____ Sulfur = _____ Magnesium = _____ Iron = _____
• Of the 90 naturally occurring elements, only about 25 are essential to __________
❖ Of these 25, four _____, _____, _____ and _____ make up 96% of the mass of a human and are essential for life.
❖ The rest are the elements are present in very _____ amounts
Elemental Terms:
a. atomic number = the number of __________ in an element.
❖ This is the element’s ________________ because no two elements have the same amount of protons.
e.g.
II. The Combination of Matter
A. Compounds = a substance formed by the _____________ combination of ____ or more elements
e.g.
• chemical formula = a shorthand method of writing compositions of ______________
e.g.
• subscript = in chemical formulas, the small __________ next to the element that tell how many _______ of that element are in the compound
e.g.
B. Chemical Bonds: the formation of compounds
Elements will only combine to form compounds when they become more ________ by forming a compound.
• atoms of different elements become more stable when they have __________ electrons in their outer _________ _________
1. Types of Chemical Bonds:
a. ionic bond = a chemical bond formed between two ______ when one or more __________ are transferred between the atoms resulting in atoms of ____________ charge which are attracted to each other
e.g.
b. covalent bond = a chemical bond form between two _____ when they share two or more _______________
e.g.
❖ molecule = the structure that results when atoms are joined by _____________ bonds
➢ molecules make up most of the compounds found in _____________ things
➢ superscript = in chemical formulas, the large number found in ____________ of compounds that tells how many _____________ of that compound exist
e.g.
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STUDENT SYNTHESIS
To demonstrate knowledge of the information contained within these notes, within the space below create two higher level test questions and answers based on the information.
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