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ENGLISH — GAELIC
DICTIONARY
Compiled by
ROY WENTWORTH
FACLAIR
BEURLA —GÀIDHLIG
Air a chur ri chèile le
ROY WENTWORTH
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| |bhuamsa. Airson tuilleadh fios faic: |
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|Roy Wentworth, 19 An t-September 2000 |Roy Wentworth, 19 An t-Sultain 2000 |
Uncorrected draft: September 2000
Dreach neo-cheartaichte: An t-Sultain 2000
A FEW POINTS OF GRAMMAR — BEAGAN PHUINGEAN GRÀMAIR
comparative adjective in English • expressed in Gaelic with nas plus adjective in comparative degree. Mary is taller than John, tha Màiri nas àirde na Iain
• expressed in Gaelic with as plus adjective in comparative degree. Brose keeps you going longer than porridge, ’s e am prothas as fhaide bheir thu na an lite
• expressed in Gaelic with adjective in positive degree (ie not in comparative form). It was once thought desirable to start with the smaller units of language, bha latha ann a bhathar a’ meas gun robh e riatanach tòiseachadh leis na h-aonadan-cànain beaga. It is very much easier for pupils to see what is required for such larger units of meaning, tha e cus nas fhasa do chloinn a thuigsinn dè tha riatanach airson aonadan-brìgh mòra den t-seòrsa seo. Interviews with older people will give a picture of former ways of life, bheir còmhraidhean ri seann daoine dealbh dhuinn air dòighean-beatha a dh’fhalbh
indefinite singular noun having no article in English • expressed in Gaelic with indefinite noun (ie noun with no article). I was making porridge and broth, bha mi a’ dèanamh lite is brot. He had no liking at all for cats at first, cha robh spèis sam bith aige do chait an toiseach
• expressed in Gaelic with indefinite noun (ie noun with no article) plus ann. The teacher will ensure that variety of activities helps pupils, bidh an tidsear a’ dèanamh cinnteach gum bi caochladh ghnìomhan ann gus a’ chlann a chuideachadh
• expressed in Gaelic with definite noun (noun with article). Do you like porridge? an caomh leat an lit? Do you like broth? an caomh leat am brot? Mist is deceiving, tha an ceò meallta. You could get meat for sixpence a pound, gheibheadh tu an fheòil air sia sgillingean am punnd. You’ve made good tea anyway, rinn thu an deagh theatha co-dhiù. The assumption was that use needed to be preceded by knowledge, bha am beachd a’ dol gum feumadh eòlas a bhith ann mus bitheadh an cleachdadh ann. The technical terms by which teacher and pupil can discuss such matters, na h-ainmean-eagair leis am faod an tidsear agus am pàiste beachdachadh air nithean den t-seòrsa seo
indefinite plural noun (having no article) in English • expressed in Gaelic with indefinite noun (ie noun with no article). I can see cows and sheep on the field, tha mi a’ faicinn cruidh is chaorach air an raon. They keep goats, tha iad a’ cumail ghobhair. Groups should be able to work independently, tha còir gum bitheadh buidhnean comasach air obair a dhèanamh air an ceann fhèin
• expressed in Gaelic with definite noun (noun with article). They like sheep, is caomh leotha na caoirich. She’s keen on horses, tha i dèidheil air na h-eich. Terriers are bloodthirsty, tha na h-abhaig fuilteach. Pupils should be able to communicate, tha còir comas a bhith aig a’ chloinn conaltradh a dhèanamh. Isn’t that the way accidents happen? nach ann mar sin a thachras an tubaist?
• expressed in Gaelic with caochladh plus noun. Providing them with settings to adopt roles, a’ cur suidhichidhean nan tairgse gus a dhol ann an caochladh riochd
• when following two numeral adjectives expressed in Gaelic with a (leniting, plus dative) plus plural noun. We used to put every four or five peats together, bha sinn a’ cuir a h-uile ceithir is a còig a dh’fhàdan còmhla
plural noun in English • expressed in Gaelic with plural noun
• expressed in Gaelic with singular noun. Isn’t that the way accidents happen? nach ann mar sin a thachras an tubaist? Information on which they have to make decisions and choices, fiosrachadh a dh’fheumas iad co-dhùnadh no roghainn a dhèanamh mu dheidhinn
• expressed in Gaelic with gach plus singular noun. To examine how Gaelic culture should address the challenges of a changing world, beachdachadh air mar as còir do dhualchas na Gàidhlig aghaidh a chur air gach dùbhlan a tha saoghal caochlaideach a’ cur air
• expressed in Gaelic with singular noun plus sam bith. Enquiries should be made to…, bu chòir ceist sam bith a chur gu…
possessive adjective in English • expressed in Gaelic with possessive adjective. Their hats, an adan. Her feet, a casan. So that they can fully realise their ability to understand Gaelic, gus an toirt a dh’ionnsaigh an làn chomais air a’ Ghàidhlig a thuigsinn
• expressed in Gaelic with possessive adjective plus cuid (plus genitive). My shoes, mo chuid bhròg. Their education, an cuid foghlaim. About how to develop their own assessment policies, a thaobh an cuid poileasaidhean measaidh fhèin a thoirt air adhart
• expressed in Gaelic with prepositional pronoun from aig. Our house, an taigh againn. Biographical details about poets can help make their work more accessible to pupils, bidh fiosrachadh mu bheatha nam bàrd na chuideachadh don chloinn ann a bhith a’ cur am barrachd eòlais air an obair aca
• expressed in Gaelic with a tha aig. Which stimulates pupils’ imaginations and their interest in language in all its aspects, a bheothaicheas mac-meanmna na cloinne agus an ùidh a tha aca anns gach raon de chànain
• (before noun in English) expressed in Gaelic with pronoun. To accept the value of their contributions, a bhith a’ gabhail ri cho fiachail ’s a tha na tha iad a’ toirt seachad
• (before gerund in English) expressed in Gaelic with pronoun. We might go home without their seeing us, dh’fhaodadh sinn a dhol dhachaigh gun iad ar faicinn. She didn’t say anything about their going to Kyle, cha tuirt i guth mu iad a bhith a’ dol don Chaol. They were so annoyed at my having been there before without their knowing it, bha iad cho amhainneach mi bhith ann roimhe is gun fhios a bhith aca
• (when associated with verb having some sense of deprivation) expressed with definite noun plus prepositional pronoun from air. A fox killed all our hens, mharbh mada-ruadh na cearcan uile òirnn
• (in other Gaelic idioms requiring preposition air) expressed with prepositional pronoun from air. Real models of effective Gaelic whose features they can adapt to suit their needs, eisimpleirean dligheach de Ghàidhlig dhòigheil a dh’fhaodas iad atharrachadh mar as fheàrr a fhreagras orra fhèin
• also expressed with a tha air. Familiarity with their various structures, eòlas air gach seòrsa cumaidh a tha orra
• not directly expressed in Gaelic. The youngest pupils will start to compose and communicate their ideas, bidh a’ chlann as òige a’ tòiseachadh air smaointean a chur ri chèile agus a chur an cèill. Pupils’ writing of poetry will be aided by their reading aloud, bidh a’ chlann air an cuideachadh ann a bhith a’ sgrìobhadh bàrdachd le bhith a’ leughadh a-mach
tenses and voices of verb :
future tense in English • expressed in Gaelic with future tense. She will be going there, bidh i a’ dol ann. They’ll be building them next year, bithear gan togail an ath bhliadhna
• expressed in Gaelic with present tense. If I move that, the pots will be down on top of you, ma ghluaiseas mi sin tha na poitean a-bhàn air do mhuin
present tense of verb “to be” in English • expressed in Gaelic with present tense of substantive verb. I’m tired, tha mi sgìth
• expressed in Gaelic with future tense of substantive verb. Who’s coming? cò bhios a’ tighinn?
• expressed in Gaelic with present tense of copula (plus present tense of substantive verb where appropriate). It’s him, ’s e th’ ann. It’s not him, chan e th’ ann. I think Donald is a great support to the church as well, cha chreid mi nach e taic mhòr don eaglais a tha an Dòmhnall cuideachd
future tense of verb “to be” in English • expressed in Gaelic with future tense of substantive verb. You’ll be tired, bidh tu sgìth
• expressed in Gaelic with present tense of copula (plus future tense of substantive verb when present). It’ll be him, ’s e bhios ann. It won’t be him, chan e bhios ann. It’ll be easier for me to stay at the church, ’s fhasa dhomh fuireach aig an eaglais
past tense of verb “to be” in English • expressed with past tense of substantive verb. I was tired, bha mi sgìth
• expressed in Gaelic with past tense of copula (plus past tense of substantive verb when present). It wasn’t her, cha b’ i bh’ ann. It was nothing at all for a sheep to be lost for two years, cha bu rud sam bith caora a bhith air chall dà bhliadhna
• expressed in Gaelic with present tense of copula (plus past tense of substantive verb when present). It was her, ’s i bh’ ann. It was in the winter, ’s ann anns a’ gheamhradh a bh’ ann. Since it wasn’t her herself who made them, bho nach e i fhèin a rinn iad
participle or gerund (in -ing) in English • expressed in Gaelic with a’ or ag plus verbal noun. We are walking, tha sinn a’ coiseachd. I’m eating, tha mi ag ithe. Are you going? a bheil thu a’ falbh?
• expressed in Gaelic with ann a bhith plus a’ or ag plus verbal noun. Working in this way pupils will be introduced to aspects of performance, ann a bhith ag obair anns an dòigh seo gheibh clann aithne air nithean a tha a’ bualadh air a bhith a’ gabhail pàirt
• expressed in Gaelic with ’s e sin plus a tha plus a’ or ag plus verbal noun. Adventure games let pupils explore situations which give a sense of reality, challenging them to make decisions and confront problems, tha geamannan dùbhlain a’ toirt cothroim do chloinn a bhith a’ rannsachadh shuidhichidhean anns a bheil caran de choltas an t-saoghail againn fhìn, ’s e sin, a tha gan cur gu dùbhlan gus co-dhùnaidhean a dhèanamh agus aghaidh a chur air duilgheadasan
• expressed with agus (is) plus verbal noun. I tripped going to the byre, thug mi clìobadh is mi a’ dol don bhàitheach
• expressed with agus (is) (without verbal noun in Gaelic idiom). The gillies used to be down there carrying loads of grouse, bhiodh na gilidhean a-bhàn a sin is eallach orra de chearcan-fraoich. He always used to be wearing the clothes the bard describes in the song, bhiodh e an còmhnaidh is an t-aodach air a tha am bàrd ag ainmeachadh anns an òran
• expressed in Gaelic with verbal noun in new sentence. Teachers encourage pupils through stimulating contexts to use and develop their language, offering knowledge about it when it is likely to help them improve their performance, ’s ann a tha tidsearan a’ misneachadh cloinne le suidhichidhean beothail gu bhith a’ cleachdadh agus ag adhartachadh an cuid chànain. Bithidh iad a’ tairgse eòlais air cànain an uair a tha coltas ann gun cuidich sin a’ chlann gus an cleachdadh air cànain a chur am feobhas
• expressed with finite tense of verb. The cat must have given up hope of getting anything, feumaidh e bhith gun tug an cat suas a dhùil gum faigheadh e rud
• expressed in Gaelic with finite verb plus agus. Keeping the dyke on your right follow the path across the burn, cùm an gàrradh air do làimh chlì agus lean an ceum tarsainn air an allt
passive voice of verb • expressed in Gaelic with impersonal construction with transitive verb. She was born in 1900, rugadh i an 1900
• expressed in Gaelic with impersonal construction with intransitive verb. The new houses were being built at that time, bhathar a’ togail nan taighean ùra aig an àm sin. Nests would be being built, bhite a’ dèanamh nead. It could be heard from the jetty, bhite ga chluinntinn às a’ chidhe. When the hay was dry big stacks were made of it, nuair a bha am feur tioram bhathar a’ dèanamh chruachan mòra dheth. They’ll be taken to the river, thèidear leotha chon na h-aibhne. They are chanced upon more often than you would think, thigear orra nas trice na shaoileadh tu
• expressed in Gaelic with impersonal construction with preposition gun. He came without being asked, thàinig e gunar iarraidh air. This metre may be represented by the following formula, without some lines which have an unstressed syllable more or less being included, dh’fhaoidte a’ mheadrachd seo riochdachadh leis an fhoirmle a leanas, gunar corra sreath air a bheil lide gun chudthrom a dhìth no bharrachd a ghabhail a-steach
• expressed in Gaelic with periphrastic construction rach plus verbal noun or infinitive. They’ll be eaten today, thèid an ithe ’n diugh. The biscuits were eaten yesterday, chaidh na briosgaidean ithe an-dè. They would be, would have been eaten yesterday, rachadh an ithe an-dè. I don’t know where this will be put, chan eil fhios agam càite ’n tèid seo chur
A
A, a1 1 (the letter) A, a f (pronounced in Gaelic when reciting the alphabet [à]). The letter ‘a’, an litir ‘a’. Capital ‘A’, ceannlitir ‘A’. Small ‘a’, ‘a’ bheag. Lower case ‘a’, ‘a’ chèise bige. Long ‘À’, ‘à’, ‘À’, ‘à’, fhada. ‘À’, ‘à’, with an accent, ‘À’, ‘à’, le stràc
He doesn’t know A from B, chan eil sgot aige
A1 (i) (nautical) den chiad sreath
(ii) taghta. It looks A1, tha e a’ coimhead taghta. I’m feeling A1, tha mi a’ faireachdainn taghta
• fìor mhath. It turned out A1, thionndaidh e a-mach fìor mhath
2 (music) A f. In A flat, an A mhaoil
a2, an indefinite article 1 English noun with indefinite article expressed in Gaelic with indefinite noun (noun with no article). A man and a woman, fear agus bean. I can see a cow and a sheep on the field, tha mi a’ faicinn bò is caora air an raon. She has a dog, tha cù aice. They have a pet rabbit, tha peata rabaid aca. A weasel! a weasel! neas! neas! There is a latent phase in the immersion process, tha ùine fhalchaidh an cois an drùdhaidh. Ullapool, a small town in Wester Ross, Ulapul, baile beag ann an Ros an Iar. I should like a second opinion, bu mhath leam dara beachd fhaighinn
• expressed with indefinite noun (noun with no article) plus an (preposition) plus possessive adjective (ie na etc). She is an engineer, tha i na h-innleadair. Pupils could be encouraged to undertake different roles, for example being a secretary, dh’fhaoidte misneachadh a dhèanamh air a’ chloinn gus dleastanasan eadar-dhealaichte a ghabhail os làimh, mar eisimpleir a bhith nad rùnaire
• expressed with indefinite noun (noun with no article) plus gach. The teacher will be able to assess a pupil’s level of response, thèid aig an tidsear air ìre freagairt gach pàiste a mheasadh. An incident will be dealt with as soon as it occurs, thèid dèiligeadh ri gach tachartas cho luath ’s a ghabhas e àite
2 English noun with indefinite article expressed in Gaelic with definite noun (noun with article) (a) (generalising use). She’s like a gimlet, tha i coltach ris a’ ghimleid. The use of an assessment profile should be flexible, tha còir cleachdadh an teisteanais-mheasaidh a bhith fosgailte. There’s not many can get a bargain from a tinker, cha mhòr a gheibh bargan bhon cheàird
(b) (distributive use). Eighty pence a pound, ceithir fichead sgilling am punnd. You could get meat for sixpence a pound, gheibheadh tu an fheòil air sia sgillingean am punnd. A pound a head, not an neach
We’ll try to hold one a month, feuchaidh sinn ri aonan a chumail sa mhìos. I write home once a week, tha mi a’ sgrìobhadh dhachaigh aon uair san t-seachdain. Three times a week, trì uairean san t-seachdain, also trì uairean mu choinneimh na seachdain
(c) (for vividness). I think he’s just a fool, cha chreid mi gu bheil ann ach an t-amadan. Donald has a good smoke showing (from his chimney), tha an deagh shocan aig Dòmhnall. Perhaps he’s nothing but a rascal, dh’fhaodadh nach eil ann ach an Ruaraidh.
3 (a) (= a certain). The genre to which a text belongs is usually revealed early in the text, tha a’ ghnè dom buin teacsa àraidh mar as trice ga foillseachadh tràth anns an teacsa. I know a Dr Munro, is aithne dhomh neach (àraidh) air a bheil an Dotair Rothach
(b) (= the same). To eat two at a time, a dhà ithe còmhla, also a dhà ithe aig an aon àm. They came in two at a time, thàinig iad a-steach a dhà is a dhà còmhla
(c) (= a single) expressed in Gaelic with aon. I didn’t understand a word, cha do thuig mi aon fhacal
(d) (with ordinal numbers). I didn’t bother with it a third time, cha do bhodraig mi an treas turas ris. He made a fourth attempt to do it, thug e an ceathramh oidhirp air a dhèanamh
aard-vark n aard-vark m, pl aard-varks, aard-varkan
Aaron’s beard n (Hypericum calycinum), see rose of Sharon n
Aaron’s rod n (Verbascum thapsus), see mullein, great n
aback adv (a) (of ship). To be aback, a’ ghaoth a bhith na h-aghaidh. She was caught, taken aback, thàinig a’ ghaoth na h-aghaidh
(b) (familiar) I was taken aback when I heard it, thàinig stad orm nuair a chuala mi e
abacus n 1 (mathematics) cèis-chunntais f, gen cèise-cunntais, pl cèisean-cunntais
2 (architecture) abacas m, gen & pl abacais
abaft 1 adv (rest) anns an deireadh, ann an deireadh an t-soithich. They are abaft, tha iad na deireadh
(motion) chun an deiridh, gu deireadh an t-soithich. They went abaft, chaidh iad gu a deireadh
2 prep. Abaft the mast, air taobh deiridh a’ chroinn
abandon v tr trèig (bean, clann), vn trèigsinn m. He abandoned his family, thrèig e a theaghlach. Many children were abandoned, bha mòran cloinne air an trèigsinn. Do not abandon me forever, na trèig mi gu bràth
• leig an dàrna taobh, vn leigeil an dàrna taobh. The teacher will not be abandoning existing plans and practice, cha bhi an tidsear a’ leigeil nam planaichean a tha ann a-cheana an dàrna taobh
• cuir air chùl, vn cur air chùl, also cuir cùl ri, vn cur cùil ri, also thoir cùl do, vn toirt cùil do. I had to abandon the attempt, b’ fheudar dhomh an oidhirp a chur air chùl. Nobody will abandon his own offspring, cha chuir duine sam bith air chùl a shliochd fhèin. We abandoned the work, chuir sinn cùl ris an obair. I had to abandon it, b’ fheudar dhomh mo chùl a thoirt da
• cuir às do cheann (smuain), vn cur às do cheann. We abandoned all hope of succeeding, chuir sinn às ar ceann gach dòchas a bha againn gun soirbhicheadh leinn
• fàg, vn fàgail f. To abandon ship, an soitheach fhàgail. We abandoned the ship, rinn sinn an soitheach fhàgail
• sguir a chleachdadh, vn sgur a chleachdadh. The shieling huts were abandoned about 1840, chaidh sgur a chleachdadh nam bothan-àirigh mu 1840
abandoned a air a thrèigsinn. Many abandoned children, mòran cloinne a chaidh a thrèigsinn
• trèigte. Abandoned channel, cladhan trèigte
Abandoned townships, bailtean a tha an sluagh air am fàgail
abandonment n trèigsinn m. This would be an abandonment of all principles, bhitheadh seo na thrèigsinn air gach prionnsabal
This led to the abandonment of the village, dh’adhbharaich seo gun d’fhàg an sluagh am baile
abase v tr irioslaich, vn irioslachadh m. They would have to abase themselves first, dh’fheumadh iad iad fhèin irioslachadh an toiseach
• ìslich, vn ìsleachadh m. He abased himself, dh’ìslich e e fhèin
• thoir leagail do, vn toirt leagail do. To abase someone, leagail a thoirt do neach. We abased them in that way, thug sinn leagail dhaibh san dòigh sin
abased a irioslaichte, air irioslachadh
• ìslichte, air ìsleachadh
abasement n 1 ìsleachadh m, gen ìsleachaidh. The abasement they suffered, an t-ìsleachadh a fhuair iad
2 irioslachd f. They showed some small measure of abasement, nochd iad tomhas beag de dh’irioslachd
abash v tr nàraich, vn nàrachadh m, also cuir nàire f air, vn cur nàire air. That abashed him somewhat, nàraich siod rudeigin e, chuir siod tomhas de nàire air
• cuir an t-sochar air, vn cur na sochair air. I don’t think it will abash them at all, cha chreid mi gun cuir e an t-sochar orrasan idir
abashed a air a nàrachadh, fo nàire
He was abashed at what he had done, bha an t-sochar air leis a rud a rinn e
abashment n nàire f
abate 1 v tr lùghdaich, vn lùghdachadh m, also beagaich, vn beagachadh m. It abated my fear, lùghdaich e m’eagal
(commerce) thoir lasachadh do, vn toirt lasachaidh do. He abated him two shillings, thug e lasachadh de dhà thastan dha
2 v i traogh, vn traoghadh m. The storm abated, thraogh an stoirm. When the floods have abated, nuair a bhitheas na tuiltean air traoghadh
• tuit, vn tuiteam m. The wind abated, thuit a’ ghaoth
abatement n 1 lùghdachadh m, gen lùghdachaidh, also beagachadh m, gen beagachaidh
• traoghadh m, gen traoghaidh. The abatement of the floods, traoghadh nan tuiltean
2 (commerce) lasachadh m, gen lasachaidh. An abatement of rent, lasachadh màil
abattoir n taigh-spadaidh m, pl taighean-spadaidh
abbacy n abaideachd f, pl abaideachdan
• dreuchd-aba f, pl dreuchdan-aba
• ùghdarras-aba m, gen ùghdarrais-aba, pl ùghdarrasan-aba
abbess n ban-aba f, pl ban-abachan
abbey n abaid f, gen abaide, pl abaidean
abbot n ab or aba m, gen aba, pl abachan
abbreviate v tr giorraich, vn giorrachadh m
abbreviation n giorrachadh m, gen giorrachaidh, pl giorrachaidhean. Abbreviations and sources, giorrachaidhean agus bunan
abdicate v tr leig dhìot, vn leigeil dhìot, also leig uat, vn leigeil uat. The king will abdicate, leigidh an rìgh dheth. The king abdicated the crown, leig an rìgh dheth an crùn. He abdicated his rights, leig e uaithe a chòraichean
• thoir suas, vn toirt suas. He abdicated the crown, thug e suas an crùn
• dìobair, vn dìobradh m. He abdicated his responsibilities, dhìobair e a chuid dhleastanasan
abdication n leigeil m dheth, toirt f suas. The abdication of the crown, leigeil dheth a’ chrùin
• dìobradh m, gen dìobraidh. Abdication of rights, dìobradh chòraichean
abdomen n balg, bolg m, gen & pl builg. Head, thorax and abdomen, ceann, tòracs agus balg
(familiar : belly) brù, broinn f, gen bronn, broinn, dat broinn, pl brùthan
abdominal a balgach. The abdominal organs, buill a’ bhuilg. Abdominal cavity, lag a’ bhuilg. Abdominal belt, crios builg.
He suffers from abdominal pain, bithidh e a’ fulang le pian na bhalg, bithidh greim mionaich air
abduct v tr thoir air falbh, vn toirt air falbh, also goid air falbh, vn goid air falbh. The child was abducted from the school, chaidh an neach-cloinne a ghoid air falbh bhon sgoil
abduction n toirt m air falbh, goid f air falbh. Some days after his abduction, beagan làithean an dèidh dha a bhith air a thoirt air falbh
abed adv anns an leabaidh, na laighe. He is still abed, tha e fhathast na laighe
Aberdeen pr n Obar Dheathain. Aberdeen University, Oilthigh Obar Dheathain
Aberdeen Angus pr n pòlaidh m dubh, gen pòlaidh dhuibh, pl pòlaidhean dubha. The Aberdeen Angus came here at the time of the first world war, thàinig na pòlaidhean dubha an seo aig àm a’ chiad chogaidh
Aberdonian 1 a He talks with an Aberdonian accent, tha e a’ bruidhinn le blas Obar Dheathain
2 n neach m à Obar Dheathain, pl daoine à Obar Dheathain, muinntir Obar Dheathain
• Obar-Dheathaineach m, gen & pl Obar-Dheathainich
aberrant a 1 mearachdach, comp mearachdaiche. Aberrant opinions, barailean mearachdach
2 (biology) aimhriaghailteach, comp aimhriaghailtiche. Aberrant forms, riochdan aimhriaghailteach
aberration n 1 claonadh m, gen claonaidh, pl claonaidhean. An aberration from normality, claonadh bhon nì ghnàthach
2 (optics) iomrall m, gen iomraill. Spherical aberration, iomrall co-chruinnein
3 (biology) aimhriaghailteachd f, also mearachadh m, gen mearachaidh
abet v tr brosnaich (gu eucoir), vn brosnachadh m (gu eucoir). To abet a person in a crime, neach a bhrosnachadh gu eucoir. This abetted him in his course, bhrosnaich seo e na chùrsa. He abetted her, bhrosnaich e gu eucoir i
abettor n neach-brosnachaidh m, gen neach-bhrosnachaidh, pl luchd-brosnachaidh
abeyance n. In abeyance, am buidheachas, fo bhuidheachas. The ownership of the land is in abeyance, tha sealbhachadh an fhearainn am buidheachas
The work is in abeyance, tha an obair na stad
abhor v tr is lugha ort. She abhors him, is lugha oirre e
• tha gràin agad air. I abhor it, tha gràin agam air. Nature abhors a vacuum, tha gràin aig nàdar air an fhalmhachd
abhorrence n gràin f, gen gràine. The abhorrence he felt for it, a’ ghràin a bha aige air
• gràinealachd f. Tha abhorrence of the matter, gràinealachd na cùise
abhorrent a gràineil. The whole thing was most abhorrent, bha an rud gu lèir fìor ghràineil. It is abhorrent to me, tha gràin agam air
abide 1 v i (a) bi a chòmhnaidh, bi a’ còmhnaidh. They abide in a small village, tha iad a chòmhnaidh ann am baile beag
• gabh còmhnaidh, vn gabhail còmhnaidh
• fuirich, vn fuireach m. They were long abiding there, is fada a bha iad a’ fuireach ann
I abide by what I said, seasaidh mi ris na thuirt mi. Did he abide by his word, his promise? an do chùm e ri fhacal, ri ghealltanas? He abided by his resolve, chùm e ri rùn
(b) (of thing) fan, vn fantainn, also mair, vn maireann or mairsinn. The hills abide, fanaidh na cnuic fhathast, mairidh na cnuic fhathast. Do they still abide? a bheil iad fhathast maireann?
2 v tr I can’t abide those things, chan fhuiling mi na rudan sin. She simply can’t abide him, chan urrainn dhi a sheasamh idir. He could not abide it any longer, cha b’ urrainn dha cur suas ris na b’ fhaide
abiding a leantainneach, comp leantainniche. It had an abiding affect, bha buaidh leantainneach aige
• buan, comp buaine. An abiding presence, làthaireachd bhuan
ability n comas m, gen comais, pl comasan. Most classes are mixed ability, tha a’ chuid mhòr de chlasaichean de chomas measgaichte. The ability of employees to use Gaelic is increasingly seen as an asset, thathar a’ sìor thuigsinn gur nì feumail e comas a bhith aig luchd-obrach Gàidhlig a chleachdadh. So that they can fully realise their ability to understand Gaelic, gus an toirt a dh’ionnsaigh an làn chomais air a’ Ghàidhlig a thuigsinn. His mental abilities, a chuid comasan inntinn. The integration of English into Gaelic-medium schools will be dependent on pupils’ abilities and needs, is ann a-rèir comasan agus feuman na cloinne a bhitheas a’ Bheurla air a gabhail a-staigh do sgoilean meadhan-Gàidhlig. It is now recognised that pupils’ ability to understand and use language depends more on their ability to see how larger units are manipulated, a-nis thathar a’ gabhail ris gu bheil comas-tuigse agus comas-cleachdaidh na cloinne air cànain nas motha an urra ri an comas air a bhith a’ tuigsinn mar tha aonadan nas motha air an ullachadh
• expressed with comas m agad. With the ability to recognise genre, readers and listeners are also aided in making predictions, le comas a bhith aca air mar aithnichear gnè, gheibh luchd-leughaidh agus luchd-èisteachd cuideachadh ann a bhith ri fàisneachd
• expressed with comasach a. All pupils, no matter what their ability, a’ chlann air fad, ge b’ e air bith dè cho comasach ’s a tha iad
He did it to the best of his ability, rinn e e cho math is a bha na chomas
ab initio Latin adv phr o thùs
abject a 1 truagh, comp truaighe. He’s an abject creature, ’s e creutair truagh a tha ann
• dìblidh. They live in abject poverty, tha iad beò ann am bochdainn a tha dìblidh
• fìor iriosal. He made them an abject apology, thug e lethsgeul dhaibh a bha fìor iriosal
2 suarach, comp suaraiche. An abject liar, breugadair suarach
abjectly adv gu truagh ; gu suarach
abjection, abjectness n 1 truaghanachd. Such abjectness as he saw in them, a leithid a thruaghanachd a dh’fhairich e orra
• dìblidheachd f. The abjectness of his situation, dìblidheachd an t-suidheachaidh sa bheil e
2 suarachas m, gen suarachais. The abjectness of the lie, suarachas na brèige
abjure v tr dìult, vn diùltadh m. He abjured his faith, dhiùlt e a chreideamh
• àicheidh, vn àicheadh m. He abjured all connection with them, dh’àicheidh e gach ceangal a bha aige riutha
ablation n 1 (medicine) toirt f air falbh (le lannsa). It was decided that ablation would be necessary, cho-dhùineadh gum biodh e riatanach a thoirt air falbh le lannsa
2 (geology) caitheamh-uachdair m, gen caitheimh-uachdair. The ablation of the glacier, caitheamh-uachdair an eigh-shrutha
ablative 1 a adhbharach. The ablative case, an tuiseal adhbharach
2 n adhbharach m, gen adhbharaich. The ablative absolute, an t-adhbharach lethoireach
ablaut n ablabht m. An example of ablaut or vowel gradation, eisimpleir de dh’ablabht no ceumadh fhuaimreag
ablaze adv & pred a na lasraichean. The house was ablaze, bha an taigh na lasraichean
able a (a) comasach, comp comasaiche. He’s an able fellow, ’s e gille comasach a th’ ann. In the case of abler pupils, a thaobh a’ chlann as comasaiche. Most pupils, including the most able, a’ mhòrchuid de chloinn, agus an fheadhainn as comasaiche nam measg
• expressed with ann an dòigh chomasach. Drama gives pupils the confidence to become more able users of Gaelic, tha dràma a’ toirt misnich do chloinn a bhith a’ cleachdadh na Gàidhlig ann an dòigh nas comasaiche
• adhartach, comp adhartaiche. The advice offered here for more able pupils is in two parts, tha a’ chomhairle a thathar a’ tairgse an seo, airson a’ chlann a tha nas adhartaiche, ann an dà phàirt
• (determined) coileireach. She is a really able woman, ’s e boireannach coileireach dha rìridh a tha innte
(law) Able in mind and body, slàn an corp is an inntinn
Able as you are at lying, air cho math is gu bheil thu air na breugan
(b) To be able to do something expressed with comasach air. He’s able to do it, tha e comasach air a dhèanamh. To recognise the genre of the communication and be able to recall it, a bhith ag aithneachadh gnè a’ chonaltraidh agus a bhith comasach air cuimhneachadh air. Groups should be able to work independently, tha còir gum bitheadh buidhnean comasach air obair a dhèanamh air an ceann fhèin
• expressed with comas m, gen comais (agad). Pupils should be able to communicate, tha còir comas a bhith aig a’ chloinn conaltradh a dhèanamh. They will be able to listen selectively at some times, bidh comas aca a bhith ag èisteachd gus nithean sònraichte a thogail aig amannan. Readers will be better able to comprehend the content of a text, bidh barrachd comais aig luchd-leughaidh air na tha anns an teacsa a thuigsinn
• expressed with cothromach air. Are you able to do that? a bheil thu cothromach air sin a dhèanamh?
• expressed with cothrom m, gen cothruim (agad). Are you able to do that? a bheil cothrom agad air sin a dhèanamh?
I am still able to get about, tha cothrom mo choise agam fhathast
• expressed with air chothrom. Is he able to get up? a bheil e air chothrom èirigh? Is she able to do anything for herself? a bheil i air chothrom dad a dhèanamh dhi fhèin? or simply a bheil i air chothrom?
• expressed with is urrainn (dhut). Is she able to do it? an urrainn dhi a dhèanamh? As often as I was able, cho tric ’s a b’ urrainn dhomh. Are they able? an urrainn iad. If I am able, mas urrainn mi. If I were able, nam b’ urrainn mi. As well as I was able, mar a b’ fheàrr a b’ urrainn mi
• expressed with rach agad, vn dol agad. Will she be able to do it? an tèid aice air a dhèanamh? Language is passively absorbed until pupils feel able to use it, tha cànain air a gabhail a-staigh gu socair gus am bi clann an dùil gun tèid aca air a cur am feum. The teacher will be able to review and evaluate the learning and teaching which is taking place, thèid aig an tidsear air sgrùdadh agus luachadh a thoirt air an ionnsachadh agus air an teagasg a tha a’ gabhail àite. John was able to go to the shops, chaidh aig Iain air a dhol do na bùthan. I was able to defend myself tolerably well, bha dol agam air mi fhèin a dhìon an ìre mhath
• expressed with gabh v. Ideas which are able to be used in writing, bun-bheachdan a ghabhas an cleachdadh ann an sgrìobhadh
• expressed with tàr, vn tàrsainn. Will you be able to come? an tàr thu a thighinn? Come to visit when you’re able, thig a chèilidh nuair a thàras tu
• expressed with continuous tense. Are you able to hear it? a bheil thu ga chluinntinn? Huh! wasn’t I able to see for long enough, homh! nach robh mi a’ faicinn fada gu leòr
You are little able to do it, is beag cothroim a tha agad air a dhèanamh. You are less able to do it, tha cothrom as lugha agad air a dhèanamh. You are least able to do it, ’s ann agadsa as lugha cothrom air a dhèanamh
You are more able to do it, tha cothrom as motha agad air a dhèanamh. You are most able to do it, ’s ann agadsa as motha cothrom air a dhèanamh
You are better able to do it, tha thusa nas fhèarr gu dhèanamh
to be not able to do something also expressed with fairtlich ort, vn fairtleachadh ort. I wasn’t able to get Donald, bha fairtleachadh orm Dòmhnall fhaighinn. This was something which she wasn’t able to do, ’s e bha seo ach rud anns an d’fhairtlich oirre
ably adv gu comasach, etc
able-bodied a làidir, also fallain. He looks quite able bodied, tha an coltas air gu bheil e làidir, tha e a’ coimhead gu math fallain
(military) corp-làidir. All able-bodied men were called up, chaidh a h-uile duine corp-làidir a ghairm gu seirbheis
abloom adv & pred a am blàth, fo bhlàth
ablution n ionnlad m, gen ionnlaid. He performed his ablutions, rinn e ionnlad
abnegate v tr diùlt (dhut fhèin), vn diùltadh m. He abnegated his right to it, dhiùlt e dha fhèin a’ chòir a bha aige air
abnegation n diùltadh m, gen diùltaidh, also fèin-dhiùltadh m, gen fèin-dhiùltaidh
abnormal a mì-ghnàthach, comp mì-ghnàthaiche. An abnormal use of the word, cleachdadh mì-ghnàthach air an fhacal
• mì-nàdarrach, mì-nàdarra. Abnormal weather, tìde mhì-nàdarrach
• às a’ chumantas. This action was rather abnormal for her, bha an nì a rinn i caran às a’ chumantas dhi
• meangail, comp meangaile. There is something abnormal about that sheep, tha rudeigin meangail air a’ chaora a tha siod
abnormally adv. Pollution due to abnormally high numbers of micro substances, truaillidheachd mar thoradh air àireamh tuilleadh is àrd de mhiocro-stuthan
abnormality n mì-ghnàthachd f, pl mì-ghnàthachdan. Abnormalities of grammatical usage, mì-ghnàthachd ann an cleachdadh gràmadach
• meang f, gen meanga & meing, pl meangan. Some abnormality in the liver, meang air choireigin air an adha
aboard 1 adv air bòrd. To go aboard, a dhol air bòrd. Is everybody aboard? a bheil a h-uile duine air bòrd? All aboard! air bòrd leibh!
2 prep air bòrd (plus gen). We went aboard the ship, chaidh sinn air bòrd an t-soithich
abode n 1 còmhnaidh f, pl còmhnaidhean. His abode was a hovel outside the village, ’s e bothan suarach taobh a-muigh a’ bhaile a bu chòmhnaidh dha
2 àite-còmhnaidh m, gen àite-chòmhnaidh, pl àitean-còmhnaidh. The heroes’ abode, àite-còmhnaidh nan laoch
To take up one’s abode in the country, a dhol a chòmhnaidh air an dùthaich
(law) Place of abode, àite-còmhnaidh. Of no fixed abode, gun àite-còmhnaidh seasmhach
abolish v tr cuir às do, vn cur às do. The traditional runrig system was abolished in 1845, chaidh cur às don t-siostam dualchasach, an roinn-ruithe, ann an 1845. After the death-penalty was abolished, an dèidh cur às don pheanas-bhàis
abolition n cur m às do, gen cuir às do. Working for the abolition of slavery, ag obair airson cuir às don tràillealachd
abominable a gràineil, comp gràineile. Abominable practices, cleachdaidhean gràineil
abominate v tr tha gràin agad do. I abominate all they stand for, tha gràin agam don h-uile nì tha iad a’ riochdachadh
abomination n cùis-ghràin f, gen cùise-gràin, pl cùisean-gràin. It was a real abomination, ’s e fìor chùis-ghràin a bha ann
An abomination on everything! dùbh-ghràin air a h-uile càil a th’ ann!
aboriginal a tùsanach. The aboriginal inhabitants of the country, luchd-tuineachaidh tùsanach na dùthcha
• Thùsanach. The Aboriginal languages of Australia, cànain Thùsanach Astràilia
aborigine n tùsanach, gen & pl tùsanaich. Australian aborigines, tùsanaich Astràilia
abort v tr 1 (through miscarriage) beir an-abaich, vn breith an-abaich. The foetus was aborted, bha an toircheas air a bhreith an-abaich
(through procurement) dèan casg-breith air, vn dèanamh caisg-bhreith air. She decided to abort the foetus, chuir i roimhpe casg-breith a dhèanamh air an toraicheas
2 They aborted the flight, chuir iad stad ron àm air an turas-adhair. The mission was aborted, chaidh stad neo-thìmeil, neo-tharbhach, a chur air a’ mhisean
abortion n 1 (a) (miscarriage) breith f an-abaich, pl breithean an-abaich
(procured) casg-breith m, gen caisg-bhreith, pl casgan-breith
(b) toraicheas m an-abaich, gen toraicheis an-abaich
2 (a) (deformed creature, thing) tàcharan m, gen & pl tàcharain
It was an abortion of a thing, ’s e rud grànda gun fheum a bh’ ann
(b) The mission ended in abortion, chrìochnaich am misean gun toradh, thàinig stad neo-thìmeil air a’ mhisean
abortive a (a) an-abaich
(b) (of plan) gun toradh. They made an abortive attempt, thug iad oidhirp gun toradh. It was an abortive mission, ’s e misean gun toradh a bha ann
• neo-tharbhach, comp neo-tharbhaiche. Abortive project, pròiseact neo-tharbhach
• neo-thìmeil, comp neo-thìmeile. It came to an abortive end, thàinig crìoch neo-thìmeil air
abound v i bi lìonmhor. They abound in some parts of the country, tha iad lìonmhor ann an cuid a dh’àiteachan san dùthaich
• bi làn (in, with, de). The skies abound with birds, tha an iarmailt làn de dh’eunlaith
• expressed with lìonmhorachd f, also am pailteas. The lochs abound with trout, tha lìonmhorachd de bhric anns na lochan, tha am pailteas bhreac anns na lochan
abounding a làn. Abounding in energy, làn de lùths
• am pailteas. Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners, Gràs am Pailteas do Cheann-feadhna nam Peacach
about adv & prep 1 (a) mu (lenites) (plus dat) :
With article mun, mu na
With relative pronoun mu, mum, mun
With possessive adjective mum, mud, ma, ma, mar, mur, mun / mum
Prepositional pronouns umam(sa), umad(sa), uime(san), uimpe(se), umainn(e), umaibh(se), umpa(san)
He stays somewhere about Perth, tha e a’ fuireach an àiteigin mu Pheairt. The cows are about the (village) passage, tha an crodh mun phasaid. The children were running about her feet, bha a’ chlann a’ fidealadh ma casan
• timcheall (plus gen), also mu thimcheall (plus gen)
With possessive adjective mum thimcheall(-sa), mud thimcheall(-sa), ma thimcheall(-san), ma timcheall(-se), mar timcheall(-ne), mur timcheall(-se), mun timcheall(-san)
The hills about the town, na cnuic timcheall a’ bhaile, na cnuic mu thimcheall a’ bhaile
• timcheall air (plus dat), also mu thimcheall air (plus dat). Putting a fence about the field, a’ cur feansa timcheall air an raon
• mun cuairt or mu chuairt (plus gen), also mun cuairt air or mu chuairt air (plus dat). They were going about the whole village, bha iad a’ dol mun cuairt a’ bhaile air fad. They were going about me, bha iad a’ dol mun cuairt orm
• air feadh (plus gen). He was walking about the streets, bha e a’ coiseachd air feadh nan sràidean
(b) mun cuairt or mu chuairt. To walk about, a choiseachd mun cuairt. You don’t know who’s going about these days, chan eil fhios aig neach cò tha dul mu chuairt an diugh. One doesn’t know what may come about, chan eil fhios aig neach dè thig mun cuairt
He is about again, tha e air a chois a-rithist
(c) There was a look of kindness about his face, bha coltas coibhneil air. There is something uncommon about him, tha rudeigin neo-chumanta ann
(d) ma seach. It’s my knees that are sore, each of them about, ’s e mo ghlùinean a tha goirt, fear ma seach dhiubh
To do something turn (and turn) about, rud a dhèanamh turas ma seach. We’ll do it time about, nì sinn e turas ma seach
bring about, come about v phr, see sv bring v tr, and come v i
opposite ways about adv phr, see sv opposite a
2 To turn something about, car a chur de rud. To turn about, car a chur dhìot
3 mu (lenites) (plus dat). That was about six o’clock, bha sin mu shia uairean. About this time yesterday, mun àm seo an-dè
• timcheall air (plus dat), also mu thimcheall air (plus dat). There were about a twelve of them there, bha timcheall air dusan dhiubh ann. It happened about twenty years ago, thachair e mu thimcheall air fichead bliadhna air ais
• mu thuaiream (plus gen). About twenty people, mu thuaiream fichead pearsa. They were about a mile from the shore, bha iad mu thuaiream mìle bhon chladach. About as big as it, mu thuaiream cho mòr ris. Much about the same place, mu thuaiream an aon àite
It’s about time, (i) tha e a’ tarraing air an àm. It is about time we were going, tha e tarraing air àm dhuinn a bhith a’ falbh
(ii) (ironical). It’s about time! tha e làn thìde!
4 mu (lenites) (plus dat). Have you heard about Donald? an cuala tu mu Dhòmhnall? They’re not really coming to an agreement about the Skye bridge yet, chan eil iad a’ fìor chòrdadh mu dhrochaid an Eilein Sgitheanaich fhathast. Knowledge children have gained about the conventions of print itself, eòlas a fhuair a’ chlann mu chleachdaidhean clò fhèin. They will write about matters which go beyond their real-life experiences, bidh iad a’ sgrìobhadh mu nithean a tha a’ dol thar am fiosrachaidh anns an t-saoghal sa bheil iad beò. Understand questions about what something is, ceistean a thuigsinn mu dè a tha ann an rud àraidh. Understand questions about where something is, ceistean a thuigsinn mu càit a bheil rud àraidh. Understand questions about who someone is, ceistean a thuigsinn mu cò a tha ann an neach. The advice offered here about developing programmes of work for these pupils, a’ chomhairle a thathar a’ tairgse an seo mu bhith a’ deilbh phrògraman obrach don chloinn seo. They will encourage pupils to talk in Gaelic about what they are doing, misnichidh iad a’ chlann gu bhith a’ labhairt anns a’ Ghàidhlig mu na nithean a bhitheas iad a’ dèanamh. Things about which teachers often express uncertainty, nithean mu bheil tidsearan gu tric a’ nochdadh mì-chinnt
• timcheall (plus gen), also mu thimcheall (plus gen). They were talking about them, bha iad a’ bruidhinn mun timcheall. Pupils will discuss conflicts and inter-relationships, and make predictions about them, bidh a’ chlann a’ beachdachadh air strì agus air eadar-dhàimh, agus bidh iad a’ dèanamh fàisneachd mun timcheall
• mu dheidhinn (plus gen) :
With possessive adjective mum dheidhinn(-sa), mud dheidhinn(-sa), ma dheidhinn(-san), ma deidhinn(-se), mar deidhinn(-ne), mur dheidhinn(-se), mun deidhinn(-san)
She was talking about them, about us, bha i bruidhinn mun deidhinn-sa, mar deidhinn-ne. What the author feels about it, mar a tha an t-ùghdar a’ faireachdainn ma dheidhinn. What about it then? dè ma dheidhinn ma thà? I don’t want to hear about that, na cluinneam mu dheidhinn siod. I thought about it right enough, smuainich mi ma dheidhinn ceart gu leòr. Helping pupils to speak confidently about themselves, a’ cuideachadh na cloinne gu bhith a’ labhairt le misneach mun deidhinn fhèin. They will talk appropriately about experiences, opinions, feelings and texts, bidh iad a’ bruidhinn gu h-iomchaidh mu dheidhinn fhiosraichidhean, bheachdan, fhaireachdainnean agus theacsaichean. What about, how about, a pint just now? dè mu dheidhinn pinnt an-dràsta?
• air (plus dat). We weren’t talking about you, cha robh sinn a’ bruidhinn ortsa. The more I think about it, the more it affects me, mar as motha tha mi smuaineachadh oirre, ’s ann as motha tha e bualadh orm. Many’s the unkind remark Ann made about Peggy, ’s iomadh goth a thug Anna air Peigi. When pupils want to talk about an experience, an uair a tha a’ chlann ag iarraidh a bhith a’ bruidhinn air rud a dh’fhiosraich iad. Access to Gaelic will provide all pupils with a knowledge about language, bheir cothrom air a’ Ghàidhlig eòlas air cànain don chloinn air fad
• airson (plus gen). They were upset about John, bha iad air an cur mu chuairt airson Iain. She knew you were very upset about Donald, bha fhios aice gu robh thu glè throimhe-chèile airson Dhòmhnaill. He complained about their cattle, ghearain e airson a’ chruidh aca
• a thaobh (plus gen). I don’t know what to do about that, chan eil fhios agam dè a ghabhas dèanamh a thaobh sin
The teacher may gradually free such pupils to make choices about how to learn, faodaidh an tidsear saorsa a thoirt do chloinn den t-seòrsa seo gus roghainn a dhèanamh a thaobh dòigh ionnsachaidh. To make choices about how to learn and sometimes what to learn, gus roghainn a dhèanamh a thaobh dòigh ionnsachaidh, agus aig amannan a thaobh dè dh’ionnsaicheas iad
about whom, who … about, cò air, also cò mu dheidhinn. About whom were you speaking? cò air a bha thu a’ bruidhinn? I don’t know about whom you were speaking, who you were speaking about, chan eil fhios agam cò air a bha thu a’ bruidhinn
about what, what … about, cò air. What was he talking about? cò air a bha e a’ bruidhinn? What are you thinking about? cò air a tha thu smuaineachadh?
5 (a) To be about to do something, a bhith an impis rud a dhèanamh. What were you about to say? dè a bha thu a’ dol a ràdh? or dè bha thu gu bhith ag ràdh? What were you about to do? dè bha thu a’ dol a dhèanamh? He’s about to be a father, tha e gu bhith na athair
(b) an ceann (plus gen). He is about his work, tha e an ceann a chuid obrach. Be about your duties, bi an ceann do dhleastanasan
go about a thing, rach an ceann rud, rach timcheall air rud. This is how I go about it, seo mar a thèid mi na cheann, or seo mar a thèid mi timcheall air
• rach an seilbh rud. I’ll go about fetching them, thèid mi an seilbh gan toirt leis. He has two fathers : isn’t the One that created him a father to him, and the one that went about making him? tha dà athair aige : nach eil an Tì a chruthaich e na athair dha, agus an tì a chaidh an seilbh ga dhèanamh? (reply made by the mother of an illegitimate child to the accusation that the boy ‘had no father’)
We can buy two while we’re about it, ceannaichidh sinn a dhà fhad ’s a tha sinn ris. You weren’t long about it, cha robh sibh fada ris. What are you about? dè tha thu ris? or dè tha thu a’ cur ris?
above a, adv & prep 1 (a) os cionn (plus gen). The water reached above their knees, bha an t-uisge os cionn an glùinean
• gu h-àrd. Big William with the five rows of teeth, three above and two below, Uilleam Mòr nan còig breath fhiacail, a trì gu h-àrd ’s a dhà gu h-ìosal (rhyme)
(b) os cionn (plus gen). Above the house, os cionn an taighe. We could see it above us, bha sinn ga fhaicinn os ar cionn
• air muin (plus gen). The walls of this house are narrower and would not have supported a turf wall above, tha ballachan an taighe seo nas caoile, agus chan fhuilingeadh iad balla fàil air am muin
• gu h-àrd. The rooms above, na rumannan gu h-àrd. It’s the One above who has the final word, and not humans, ’s ann aig an Fhear a tha gu h-àrd a tha am facal fo dheireadh, is chan ann aig clann daoine. A voice from above, guth bho gu h-àrd
(c) os cionn (plus gen). A mountain rises above the lake, tha beinn na sheasamh os cionn an loch. A place directly above Creag an Leum, àite dìreach os cionn Creag an Leum. His voice was heard above the din, chualas a ghuth os cionn na h-othail
(d) He is above me in rank, tha e nas àirde na mi ann an ceum-inbhe
(e) She has ideas above her station in life, tha miannan aice tha a’ dol os cionn a h-inbhe
above all, os cionn gach nì (eile)
• gu h-àraidh. This must be remembered above all, feumar cuimhneachadh air an seo gu h-àraidh
2 (in book, document) shuas. At the above address, aig an t-seòladh shuas. In the above paragraph, sa pharagraf shuas
• gu h-àrd. In the writing tasks above, anns na gnìomhan-sgrìobhaidh gu h-àrd. In order to achieve the above overall aim, gus am prìomh amas a tha gu h-àrd a choileanadh.
• expressed with a chaidh ainmeachadh. They will be constructed bearing in mind the above principles, cuirear iad air dòigh le aire thoirt do na prionnsabalan a chaidh an ainmeachadh
• expressed with sin. All the above genres can be further refined, faodar na seòrsachan gnè sin uile a dhèanamh nas mìne fhathast
3 (of person) He was above criticism, bha e os cionn cronachaidh. Above (all) suspicion, os cionn amharais. He is above doing that, chan fhiach leis sin a dhèanamh. I am above the like of that, chan ìslichinn mi fhèin chun a leithid sin. He is above telling a lie, cha chromadh e chun na brèige
4 (a) There were above twenty of them, bha barrachd is fichead dhiubh ann
(b) He can trace his descent above four hundred years, tha a shloinneadh aige air ais tuilleadh is ceithir cheud bliadhna
above-board 1 adv Everything was kept above board, bha a h-uile nì air a chumail san fhollais
2 pred a gun fhoill. His dealings were all above-board, bha a chuid dhèiligidhean uile gun fhoill, or onarach
above-ground a phr os cionn talmhainn. The above-ground part of the development, am pàirt den obair-leasachaidh a tha os cionn na talmhainn
abrade v tr sgrìob, vn sgrìobadh m. The grit was abrading the surface of the metal, bha a’ ghainmheach a’ sgrìobadh uachdar na meatailt
• suath, vn suathadh m. The design was being abraded away, bha an deilbh ga suathadh air falbh
• caith le suathadh, vn caitheamh m le suathadh. The design was being abraded, bha an deilbh ga caitheamh le suathadh
abraded a air a sgrìobadh. The surface was abraded, bha an t-uachdar air a sgrìobadh
2 air a chaitheamh le suathadh. The design was abraded, bha an deilbh air a caitheamh le suathadh
Abraham, Isaac and Jacob n (Trachystemon orientalis) Abrahàm, Isaac is Iàcob m
abrasion n 1 sgrìobadh m, gen sgrìobaidh. A degree of abrasion was visible on its surface, bha tomhas de sgrìobadh ri fhaicinn air an uachdar aige
• expressed with caith le suathadh, vn caitheamh le suathadh. This was resulting in abrasion of the metal, bha seo ag adhbharachadh gun robh a’ mheatailt air a caitheamh le suathadh
2 (geography) sgrìobadh-creige m, gen sgrìobaidh-chreige. Note the abrasion of the river-bed, thoir fa-near an sgrìobadh-creige air amar na h-aibhne
3 (medical) sgrìobadh, gen sgrìobaidh
abrasive n sgrìoban m, gen & pl sgrìobain
abrasive a 1 sgrìobach, comp sgrìobaiche. Abrasive substances, stuthan sgrìobach
2 greannach, comp greannaiche. An abrasive personality, nàdar greannach
abreast adv (a) ann an aon loidhne. The machines were lined up all abreast, bha na h-innealan air an tarraing suas ann an aon loidhne. To come abreast of a car, a thighinn suas ann an loidhne ri car
(b) (of persons). They were walking abreast, bha iad a’ coiseachd ri taobh a chèile or taobh ri taobh. They reached the line abreast, ràinig iad an loidhne ri taobh a chèile. We kept all abreast, dh’fhuirich sinn gualainn ri gualainn
She keeps abreast of the news, cumaidh i suas ris na tha anns na naidheachdan. She is abreast of the times, tha i a’ cumail suas ri gnothaichean an là an diugh
abridge v tr 1 giorraich, vn giorrachadh m. You will have to abridge the article, feumaidh tu an t-artaigil a ghiorrachadh
An abridged edition, deasachadh giorraichte
2 lùghdaich (còraichean, saorsa, ùghdarras), vn lùghdachadh m. His authority was abridged, bha ùghdarras air a lùghdachadh
abridgment n giorrachadh m, gen giorrachaidh, pl giorrachaidhean. I have finished the abridgement, chuir mi ceann air a’ ghiorrachadh
• tionntadh m giorraichte, gen tionntaidh ghiorraichte, pl tionntaidhean giorraichte. I have only seen an abridgment of the article, chan fhaca mi ach tionndadh giorraichte den artaigil
2 geàrr-chunntas m, gen geàrr-chunntais, pl geàrr-chunntais, geàrr-chunntasan
abroad adv 1 (a) (rest) thall, also thall thairis. Are they abroad just now? a bheil iad thall an dràsda? They live abroad, tha iad a’ fuireach thall tharais. Are they (over) abroad just now? a bheil iad thall tharais an dràsda?
• an cèin. Troops serving abroad, saighdearan air seirbheis an cèin
(motion from speaker) thairis, also a-null, also a-null thairis. He’ll be going abroad in four months, bidh e a’ dol tharais an ceann ceithir mìosan. They went abroad to Canada, chaidh iad thairis a Chanada. He went abroad to get work, chaidh e thairis a dh’fhaighinn obair. Will they be going abroad? am bi iad a’ dol a-null? They went abroad to Canada, chaidh iad a-null a Chanada. The minister didn’t want to go abroad but he’d be thinking that it was his duty to do it, cha robh am ministear ag iarraidh a dhol a-null ach bhiodh e a’ smuaineachadh gu robh e dleasail dha a dhèanamh. He went abroad to get work, chaidh e a-null thairis a dh’fhaighinn obair
• a-null cèin. They’re sending too much abroad, tha iad a’ cur cus a-null cèin
(motion towards speaker) a-nall. They’ll soon be coming over from abroad, bidh iad gu h-aithghearr a’ tighinn a-nall. Perhaps that’ll make her actually come over from abroad, dh’fhaodadh gun toir sin oirre gun tig i fhèin a-nall
• o chèin. We received funds from abroad, fhuair sinn airgead o chèin
(b) on taigh. Dining abroad, a’ gabhail dìnnear on taigh
(c) a-mach. The badger ventures abroad at dusk, bithidh am broc a’ tighinn a-mach aig beul na h-oidhche
2 Scattered abroad, sgapte a-null is a-nall. There is a rumour abroad, tha fathann a’ dol. The news got abroad, sgaoil an naidheachd, ruith an naidheachd mu sgaoil. The news was spread abroad, bha an naidheachd air a sgaoileadh fad is farsaing
abrogate v tr ais-ghairm, vn ais-ghairm f. Many laws were abrogated, bha mòran laghannan air an ais-ghairm
• cuir air chùl, vn cur air chùl, also cuir a leth-taobh, vn cur a leth-taobh, also cuir mu làr, vn cur mu làr. His power was abrogated, bha a chumhachd air a chur mu làr
abrogation n ais-ghairm f
abrupt a 1 aithghearr, comp aithghearra, aithghiorra. She made an abrupt decision, rinn i co-dhùnadh aithghearr
• grad, comp graide. He gave her an abrupt answer, thug e freagairt ghrad dhi
2 cas, comp caise. An abrupt slope, bruthach cas
3 (geology, ling) grad-bhriste. An abrupt outcrop, nochdadh-creige grad-bhriste
abruptly adv 1 gu h-aithghearr. She turned abruptly, chuir i car dhith gu h-aithghearr
• gu grad. She answered abruptly, fhreagair i gu grad
2 gu cas. Abruptly rising above the loch, ag èirigh gu cas os cionn an loch
abruptness n 1 (a) graide f
(b) aithghearrachd
2 caise f
abscess n neasgaid f, gen neasgaide, pl neasgaidean
• iongrachadh m, gen iongrachaidh, pl iongrachaidhean. An abscess below a tooth, iongrachadh fo fhiacail
abscissa n aibsiosa m, pl aibsiosathan
abscond v i 1 teich air falbh, vn teicheadh air falbh
• teich air fògradh, vn teicheadh air fògradh, also teich on lagh, vn teicheadh on lagh. The treasurer absconded with the money, theich an t-ionmhasair air fògradh leis an airgead
2 (familiar) thoir na buinn às, vn toirt nam bonn às. He absconded one night and hasn’t been seen since, thug e na buinn às oidhche bha seo agus chan fhacas bhon uair sin e
absconder n 1 neach-teichidh m, gen neach-theichidh, pl luchd-teichidh
2 (law) fògarrach m, gen & pl fògarraich
absence n 1 neo-làthaireachd f. Presence and absence, làthaireachd agus neo-làthaireachd
• expressed with às an làthair. He was sentenced in his absence, dhìteadh e is e às an làthair
• expressed with neg plus tha agad. For some schools this might compensate for the absence of opportunities to engage in social interaction, faodaidh sin do chuid a sgoiltean seasamh an àite cothroman nach eil aca gus a bhith a’ dol an sàs ann an co-luadar sòisealta
• expressed with neg plus bi an prep. The reason for her absence from school, an t-adhbhar nach robh i anns an sgoil
• expressed with neg plus bi ann. He was conspicuous by his absence, bheireadh an saoghal fa-near nach robh e ann
• easbhaidh f. Absence of sun, easbhaidh ghrèine
2 In the absence of, às eugmhais (plus gen). In the absence of definite information, às eugmhais fiosrachaidh chinntich
• ann an uireasbhaidh (plus gen). All this is merely conjecture, in the absence of evidence, chan eil ann a sin uile ach tuairmeas, ann an uireasbhaidh fhianaise
due to the absence of, a chion (plus gen). Due to the absence of food, a chion a’ bhidhe
3 Absence of mind, dearmad m inntinn, gen dearmaid inntinn. His work showed some absence of mind, nochd an obair aige tomhas de dhearmad inntinn
• neo-aire f, cion-aire f. Absence of mind in his answer to me, neo-aire na fhreagairt dhomh
• neo-àird f. He showed absence of mind while about his duties, nochd e neo-àird an ceann a dhleastanasan
absent a 1 (a) neo-làthaireach. Absent or present? neo-làthaireach no an làthair?
• às an làthair
• expressed with neg plus an làthair, gun a bhith an làthair. The ones that were absent from the meeting, an fheadhainn nach robh an làthair aig a’ choinneimh. Those absent from the meeting, an fheadhainn a bha gun a bhith an làthair aig a’ choinneimh
His secretary will tell you if the head-teacher is absent, innsidh a rùnaire dhut ma bhios an ceann-sgoile air falbh. Why were you absent from school? carson nach robh thu anns an sgoil?
(b) a dhìth. Some of the pieces are absent, tha cuid de na pìosan a dhìth
2 = absent-minded
absently adv, see absent-mindedly adv
absent v tr fan às an làthair (from, bho). He absented himself while the rest were discussing it, dh’fhàn e às an làthair nuair a bha càch a’ beachdachadh air
• cùm air falbh, vn cumail air falbh (from, bho). He absented himself from work, chùm e air falbh bho a chuid obrach
absentee n 1 neo-làthaireach m, gen & pl neo-làthairich
2 Absentee landlord, uachdaran m neo-chòmhnaidheach, gen uachdarain neo-chòmhnaidhich, pl uachdarain neo-chòmhnaidheach
absenteeism n neo-làthaireachd f. A high rate of absenteeism in industry, ràta àrd de neo-làthaireachd ann an gnìomhachas
absent-minded a dearmadach, le dearmad inntinn. He had the appearance of an absent-minded professor, bha coltas an àrd-ollaimh dhearmadaich air. He was terribly absent-minded, bha e cianail le dearmad-inntinn
2 neo-aireach, cion-aireach. A rather absent-minded answer, freagairt caran neo-aireach
3 neo-àirdeil. An absent-minded approach to the problem, dòigh-obrach air an duilgheadas a tha neo-àirdeil
absent-mindedly adv gu dearmadach, etc
absent-mindedness n dearmad m (inntinn), gen dearmaid
• neo-àird f
absinth, absinthe n 1 (drink) absaint f
2 (wormwood, Artemisia absinthium), see wormwood n
absolute 1 a (a) iomlan, comp iomlaine. Absolute control of the situation, smachd iomlan air an t-suidheachadh
Absolute discharge, saoradh m iomlan, gen saoraidh iomlain, pl saoraidhean iomlan. Absolute majority, mòr-chuid f iomlan, gen mòr-chodach iomlain, pl mòr-chodaichean iomlan
• expressed with uile gu lèir. The confidence and the need to communicate are more important than absolute grammatical accuracy, tha misneach ann an conaltradh, agus am feum air conaltradh a dhèanamh, nas cudthromaiche na an gràmar a bhith uile gu lèir gun mhearachd
absolute power, làn-chumhachd f
absolute alcohol, dearbh-alcol m, gen dearbh-alcoil
(physics) absolute temperature, dearbh-theothachd f
(mathematics) absolute term, saor-thèarm m, pl saor-thèarman
(b) ceannasach. An absolute ruler, neach-riaghlaidh ceannasach
(c) (familiar) expressed with dearg, also dubh. An absolute fool, dearg amadan. It’s an absolute lie, ’s e an dubh bhreug a th’ann
• expressed with dèante. He is an absolute fool, ’s e an t-amadan dèante a tha ann
2 n (philosophy). The absolute, an absaloid f, gen na h-absaloid
3 a (grammar) lethoireach. Absolute use of the verb, cleachdadh lethoireach air a’ ghnìomhair. The ablative absolute, an t-adhbharach lethoireach
absolutely adv 1 gu lethoireach
2 gu tur, gu h-iomlan
• buileach. I am absolutely certain, tha mi buileach cinnteach, tha mi cinnteach is deimhinn. I’m absolutely exhausted, tha mi anns an toirt thairis buileach glan
It is absolutely forbidden to smoke, tha smocadh dian-thoirmisgte. Absolutely necessary, fìor-riatanach, do-sheachnaichte èiseil
Absolutely! (in assent : I absolutely agree) dìreach sin!
absolution n (ecclesiastical) easbaloid f
absolve v tr 1 fuasgail, vn fuasgladh m (from, bho). He was absolved from paying, chaidh fhuasgladh bho bhith a’ pàigheadh
To absolve a person from a sin, neach a shaoradh o pheacadh, easbaloid a thoirt do dhuine ann am peacadh
absorb v tr 1 (a) (eg water) sùgh, sùigh, vn sùghadh m. The sponge absorbed the water, shùigh an spong an t-uisge. What’s the use of putting oil on boots if they won’t absorb it? dè am feum ola chur air brògan mur sùigh iad i? The ground isn’t absorbing the rain, it’s running on top of it, chan eil an talamh a’ sùghadh an uisge, tha e a’ ruith air ’uachdar
• gabh a-staigh, vn gabhail a-staigh, also thoir a-staigh, vn toirt a-staigh. There is a latent phase in the immersion process, during which language is passively absorbed, tha ùine fhalchaidh an cois an drùdhaidh anns a bheil cànain air a gabhail a-staigh gu socair
(b) To absorb a shock, buille a ghabhail a-staigh, a mhaolachadh
2 His work absorbs him, tha e a’ cur dian-ùidhe na chuid obrach. He was absorbed in his book, bha e a’ cur dian-ùidhe anns an leabhar
absorbing a 1 sùighteach
2 fìor ùidheil. An absorbing subject, cuspair fìor ùidheil
absorbent a 1 sùighteach, sùghach. Absorbent substances, stuthan sùighteach
absorption n 1 sùghadh m, gen sùghaidh, also sùghadh m a-steach, gen sùghaidh a-steach. The principles of absorption, prionnsabalan an t-sùghaidh
2 (mental) dian-ùidh f, gen dian-ùidhe. He shows great absorption in the subject, tha e a’ nochdadh dian-ùidhe mòire anns a’ chuspair
3 maolachadh m (fuaim, buille), gen maolachaidh
abstain v i 1 To abstain from something, rud a sheachnadh. He abstains from alcohol, seachnaidh e alcol. He abstains from drink, tha e a’ cumail on deoch, cha bhuin e don deoch
• (informal) expressed with neg plus obhnaig v, vn obhnaigeadh m. He abstains from drink, chan eil e ag obhnaigeadh an deoch
• expressed with neg plus gabh pàirt an, vn gabhail pàirt an. They abstained from the final vote, cha do ghabh iad pàirt sa bhòtadh mu dheireadh
abstainer n expressed with neg plus buin ri, etc. He is an abstainer (from drink), cha bhuin e don deoch. They are total abstainers, cha bhuin iad don an deoch idir, chan obhnaig iad an deoch idir
abstemious a (a) measarra, also stuama, comp stuaime
(b) gann, comp gainne. They took an abstemious meal, cha do ghabh iad ach biadh gann
abstemiousness n 1 measarrachd f, stuaime f, stuamachd f
abstention n (politics) neo-làthaireachd f. A high degree of abstention from the vote, ìre mhòr de neo-làthaireachd anns an bhòtadh
There were a large number of abstentions, bha àireamh mhòr ann nach d’rinn bhòtadh
abstinence n seachnadh m, gen seachnaidh. Abstinence from drink, seachnadh air deoch. Total abstinence n phr làn-sheachnadh m (air deoch mhisgeil), gen làn-sheachnaidh
abstinent a. He is abstinent, bithidh e a’ seachnadh (na dighe)
abstract1 1 a (a) easchruthach, comp easchruthaiche. Abstract terminology, briathrachas easchruthach. Abstract noun, ainmear easchruthach. Abstract number, àireamh easchruthach
(b) do-thuigsinn. Abstract subjects, cuspairean do-thuigsinn
2 n He knows it in the abstract, tha fios aige air o thaobh na teòraidh
abstract2 n geàrr-chunntas m, gen geàrr-chunntais, pl geàrr-chunntasan. We obtained an abstract of the report, fhuair sinn geàrr-chunntas den aithisg. She made an abstract of the speech, rinn i geàrr-chunntas air an òraid
abstract3 v tr 1 (a) tog à, vn togail à, also thoir à, vn toirt à. Abstract from the passage four words, tog às an earrainn ceithir facail
• às-tharraing, vn às-tharraing f
2 (extract) tarraing à, vn tarraing à
3 (summarise) dèan geàrr-chunntas air, vn dèanamh geàrr-chunntais air
abstracted a neo-àirdeil, neo-aireach
abstractedly adv gu neo-àirdeil, etc
abstraction n 1 (a) (philosophy) eas-chruthachd f
(b) (abstract concept) cùis-bheachd m, gen cùis-bheachdan. Good and evil are abstractions, is cùis-bheachdan am math is an t-olc
• beachd m easchruthach, gen beachd easchruthaich, pl beachdan easchruthach
2 (preoccupation) neo-aire f. Abstraction of mind, seachran inntinne
abstruse a 1 do-thuigsinn. Abstruse points of mathematics, puingean do-thuigsinn ann am matamataig
2 doirbh a thuigsinn. It is a rather abstruse subject, ’s e cuspair caran doirbh a thuigsinn a tha ann
abstruseness n do-thuigsinneachd f
He was dismayed by the abstruseness of the subject, chuireadh eagal air le cho doirbh is a bha an cuspair a thuigsinn
absurd a mì-reusanta. This would lead to an absurd situation, bhitheadh suidheachadh mì-reusanta ann a thoradh air an seo
• amaideach, comp amaidiche, also gòrach, comp gòraiche. Don’t be absurd! na bi gòrach! It’s absurd! amaideachd a th’ ann!
absurdly adv gu mì-reusanta, etc
absurdity, absurdness n amaideachd f, gòraiche f
abundance n pailteas m, gen pailteis. Abundance of money, pailteas airgid
expressed with ìre f phailteis, gen ìrean pailteis, also expressed with dè cho pailt. To measure the abundance of uranium in the rock, gus ìre-phailteis an uràiniam sa chreig a thomhas, or gus tomhas dè cho pailt is a tha an t-uràiniam sa chreig
In abundance, am pailteas, gu pailt
The abundance of my heart, fialaidheachd mo chridhe
abundant a pailt, comp pailte. The primroses are not so abundant as they used to be, chan eil na seòbhraichean cho pailt is a b’ àbhaist
• lìonmhor, comp lìonmhoire. Trout are abundant in these lochs, tha na bric lìonmhor sna lochan seo
abundantly adv gu pailt. Bless me abundantly, beannaich mi gu pailt
abuse1 n 1 (a) mì-ghnàthachadh m, gen mì-ghnàthachaidh, pl mì-ghnàthachaidhean. That were an abuse of power, bu mhì-ghnàthachadh air cumhachd sin
Drug abuse, mì-ghnàthachadh dhrogaichean, mì-fheum dhrogaichean
• mealladh m, gen meallaidh, pl meallaidhean. An abuse of trust, mealladh earbsa
(b) To remedy an abuse, deireadh a chur air droch cleachdadh
(c) Abuse of a word, mì-chleachdadh m air facal, mì-chleachdadh facail
(d) (of person, thing) droch-dhìol m, gen droch-dhìola. Your donation will help us prevent child abuse, cuidichidh ur tabhartas sinn gus casg a chur air droch-dhìol air cloinn. Sexual abuse, droch-dhìol feiseil. Disclosure or discovery of abuse, nochdadh no lorg droch-dhìola
2 (verbal) càineadh m, vn càinidh
• droch bheul m, gen droch bheòil. She gave him dog’s abuse, thug i fìor dhroch bheul dha
• ana-cainnt f, gen ana-cainnte
abuse2 v tr 1 mì-ghnàthaich, vn mì-ghnàthachadh m. He abused his power, rinn e mì-ghnàthachadh air a chumhachd
2 dèan droch-dhìol air, vn dèanamh droch-dhìola air. He had abused a number of children, bha e air droch-dhìol a dhèanamh air àireamh de chloinn
3 (verbal) (a) thoir droch bheul do, vn toirt droch bheòil do. She really abused them, thug i droch-bheul dha-rìribh dhaibh
• dèan ana-cainnt ri, vn dèanamh ana-cainnte ri. Did you need to abuse them in that way? am feumadh tu ana-cainnt a dhèanamh riutha san dòigh sin?
(b) càin, vn càineadh m. She abused and calumniated us, chàin agus chùl-chàin i sinn
abused a expressed with droch-dhìol. Abused children, clann air an deach droch-dhìol a dhèanamh
abuser n neach-dèanamh droch-dhìola, pl luchd-dèanamh droch-dhìola. This could turn out to be an abusers’ charter, dh’fhaodadh seo a thionntadh a-mach na chairt-chòraichean do luchd-dèanamh droch-dhìola
abusive a 1 (cleachdadh) mì-cheart a dhèanamh air facal
2 ana-cainnteach, comp ana-cainntiche. Abusive talk, ana-cainnt f
• expressed with droch bheul m, gen droch bheòil. They were most abusive to her, thug iad droch bheul dha-rìreabh dhi
• maslach, comp maslaiche. He was most abusive to us, bruidhinn e rinn fìor mhaslach
abusively adv gu h-ana-cainnteach. Speaking abusively and blasphemously, a’ labhairt gu h-ana-cainnteach is gu toibheumach
• expressed with droch bheul, gen droch bheòil. They spoke to her abusively, thug iad droch bheul dhi
• gu maslachail
abusiveness n. Such abusiveness he showed to us, a leithid a chàineadh a rinn e òirnn. The degree of his abusiveness to us, an ìre chun an do chàin e sinn
abut v i & tr 1 bi ri taobh a chèile. The two fields abut, tha an dà raon ri taobh a chèile
2 coinnich, vn coinneachadh m. It abuts on the wall, tha e a’ coinneachadh (ris) a’ bhalla
3 To abut two planks, dà phlanc a chur am bun a chèile
abutting a 1 ri taobh a chèile
2 Abutting joint, alt m bun air bhun, gen & pl uilt bun air bhun
abutment n stèidh f (togalaich), gen stèidhe, pl stèidhean. The abutments of the bridge, stèidhean na drochaid
abysmal a fìor dhona. She is in an abysmal situation, tha i ann an suidheachadh fìor dhona
Abysmal ignorance, tur-aineolas m, gen tur-aineolais
abyss n àibheis f, gen àibheise, pl àibheisean. His mind fell into an abyss of despair, thuit inntinn a-steach do dh’àibheis de dh’eu-dòchas
• aigeann m, gen aigeinn, pl aigeannan. The bottom of the abyss, grunnd an aigeinn
abyssal a àibheiseach. As in a formless and abyssal void, mar ann am falamhachd àibheisich, gun chruth
• aigeannach. In the abyssal depths, san doimhneachd aigeannaich
Abyssinia n Aibisinia f
Abyssinian 1 a Aibisinianach
2 n Aibisinianach m, gen & pl Aibisinianaich
acacia n acàisia f
acacia, false n (Robinia pseudacacia) acàisia f bhrèige, gen acàisia brèige
academic 1 a (a) acadamhail. Academic philosophy, feallsanachd acadamhail
(b) acadamhail. Academic discussion, deasbaireachd acadamhail. She prefers academic studies, ’s fheàrr leatha foghlam acadamhail
• sgoilearach, comp sgoilearaich. He is a most academic pupil, ’s e pàist fìor sgoilearach a tha ann
(c) mì-phrataigeach. That point is rather academic, tha a’ phuing sin caran mì-phrataigeach
(d) expressed with oilthighean. In academic life, ann an saoghal nan oilthighean
(e) (art) acadamhail
2 n oilthigheach m, gen & pl oilthighich. Suitable for scholars and academics, freagarrach do sgoilearan is do dh’oilthighich
• neach-oilthigh m, pl luchd-oilthigh. He has spent too much time in the company of academics alone, tha e air ro fhada a thoirt ann an cuideachd luchd-oilthigh a-mhàin
academician n 1 acadamhaiche, pl acadamhaichean. He is a leading academician in the country, tha e na phrìomh acadamhaiche san dùthaich
2 ball m den acadamh, gen & pl buill den acadamh. We met a number of academicians in the hotel, choinnich sinn ri grunnan de bhuill an acadaimh san taigh-òsda
academy n 1 acadamh m, gen acadaimh, pl acadamhan
Military Academy, Sgoil-Shaighdearachd f, gen Sgoile-Saighdearachd, pl Sgoilean-Saighdearachd
2 (high school) àrd-sgoil f, gen àrd-sgoile, pl àrd-sgoiltean
acanthite n (mineralogy) acaintit f
acanthus n acantas m, gen acantais
accede v i 1 To accede to an office, a dhol an ceann dreuchd. To accede to the throne, a thighinn chun na rìgh-chathrach
2 aontaich, vn aontachadh m (to, ri), also bi aontach (to, ri). I don’t know if I accede to that, chan eil fhios agam a bheil mi aontach ris an sin
• gabh, vn gabhail m (to, ri). To accede to a treaty, a ghabhail ri cùmhnant
• strìochd, vn strìochdadh m (to, ri). We accede to your request, strìochdaidh sinn ri t’iarrtas
accelerate 1 v tr luathaich (air), vn luathachadh m (air). He accelerated his pace, luathaich e air a cheum. It accelerated his death, luathaich e am bàs dha
• greas, vn greasad m. One is afraid it will only accelerate the disease, tha eagal air neach nach dèan e ach an galar a ghreasad
2 v i luathaich, vn luathachadh m
The car accelerated away, dh’fhalbh an càr aig astar (mòr)
accelerated a luathaichte. Accelerated motion, gluasad luathaichte
acceleration n luathachadh m, gen luathachaidh. Constant acceleration, luathachadh buan, luathachadh co-sheasmhach. Uniform acceleration, luathachadh cothrom
accelerator n luathsair m, pl luathsairean. Accelerator pedal, troighean luathsair
• inneal-luathachaidh m, gen inneil-luathachaidh, pl innealan-luathachaidh
accent1 n 1 (a) (speech) blas m, gen blais. Accents will be a term used in considering diversity in spoken Gaelic, ’s e briathar a tha ann am blas a bhithear a’ cleachdadh ann am beachdachadh air iomadalachd sheòrsachan cainnt-bheòil Ghàidhlig. Pupils will encounter a range of dialects and accents, bidh a’ chlann a’ coinneachadh ri caochladh sheòrsachan dualchainnt agus blais
She has a Lewis accent, tha blas Leòdhais (air a’ Ghàidhlig) aice. He has an English (from England) accent, tha blas Sasannach aige, tha blas Sasannach air a’ Bheurla aige. He has an English (of English) accent (to his Gaelic), tha blas Beurla aige, tha bristeadh Beurla air. He has a really strong English accent, tha bristeadh fiadhaich Beurla air
She has a foreign accent, tha blas cànain eile air a’ Ghàidhlig, air a’ Bheurla, aice
2 (a) (prosody) cudthrom m (-gutha), gen cudthroim (-ghutha), pl cudthroman (-gutha). The accent is on the last syllable, tha an cudthrom air an lide mu dheireadh
• buille f, pl buillean
(b) (music) aiceann m, gen & pl aicinn
3 (grammar) cudthrom m, gen cudthroim. Grammatical accent, cudthrom gràmadach
• stràc f, gen stràice, pl stràcan. Acute accent, stràc gheur. Grave accent, stràc throm
accent2 v tr cuir cudthrom air, vn cur cudthroim air
• cuir aiceann air, vn cur aicinn air
accentuate v tr cuir cudthrom air, vn cur cudthroim air. One accentuates the final syllable, thathar a’ cur cudthroim air an lide dheireannach
• meudaich. It accentuates the sound, tha e a’ meudachadh an fhuaim
• dèan na follaisiche, vn dèanamh nas follaisiche. It accentuates the red colour, tha e a’ dèanamh an dath dheirg nas follaisiche
accentuated a (a) le cudthrom. The accentuated syllables, na lidean le cudthrom
• expressed with cudthrom air. The first syllable is accentuated, tha cudthrom air a’ chiad lide
(b) meudaichte, air a mheudachadh
• air a dhèanamh nas follaisiche. The accentuated points, na puingean a tha air an dèanamh nas follaisiche
accentuation n (a) aiceann m, gen aicinn
(b) expressed with cuir cudthrom air, vn cur cudthroim air. This results in the accentuation of certain points, mar thoradh air an seo tha cudthrom ga chur air puingean àraidh
• meudachadh m, gen meudachaidh
accept v tr 1 gabh (airgead, prèasan), vn gabhail m. We accepted the money, ghabh sinn an t-airgead. Did you accept the gift, an do ghabh thu an tabhartas? Don’t accept anything from them, na gabh rud sam bith bhuapa. We’ll accept your excuse, gabhaidh sinn do leisgeul. We’ll have to accept your excuse, tha do leisgeul ri ghabhail
• gabh ri, vn gabhail ri. Do you accept what I said to you? a bheil thu a’ gabhail ris na thuirt mi riut? One has to accept the Lord’s will and be submissive to it, feumar gabhail ri toil Nì Math is a bhith strìochdte ris. To accept the value of their contributions, a bhith a’ gabhail ri cho fiachail ’s a tha na tha iad a’ toirt seachad. But it is reasonable to accept that he had some place in that genealogical tree, ach tha e reusanta gabhail ris gu robh àite air choireigin aige sa chraoibh ghinealaich sin. Pupils will listen and respond to different points of view by accepting, justifying or challenging these, bidh a’ chlann ag èisteachd ri beachdan eadar-dhealaichte, agus gam freagairt, le bhith a’ gabhail riutha, gan dearbhadh no a’ cur nan aghaidh. These responses will be simple and uncritically accepted, cha bhi na freagairtean seo ach sìmplidh agus gabhar riutha gun cheist
• gabh os làimh, vn gabhail os làimh. To accept roles such as chairman, secretary, a bhith a’ gabhail os làimh riochdan mar neach-cathrach, rùnaire
• aontaich ri, vn aontachadh ri, also bi aontach a ri. Do you accept that? a bheil thu ag aontachadh ris an sin? I accept it now, tha mi aontach ris a-nis. He’ll have to accept his lot, feumaidh e bhith aontach ri chrannchur
accepted a expressed with gabh ri. The need for such resources is already widely accepted, thathar a’ gabhail ris cheana anns an fharsaingeachd gu bheil feum air an leithidean sin de ghoireasan
• nòsail, nòsach. The accepted custom, an cleachdadh nòsail
• expressed with mar a mheasar. In evaluating these policies in relation to accepted good practice, ann a bhith a’ tomhas nam poileasaidhean sin an co-bhonn ri deagh ghnìomhachadh mar a mheasar sin
acceptable a expressed with a thèid gabhail ris. Children need simple guidelines to help them understand what is acceptable behaviour within the pre-school and what is not acceptable, tha feum aig a’ chloinn air stiùireadh sìmplidh a bheir cuideachadh dhaibh gus tuigsinn cò an giùlan a thèid gabhail ris san ro-sgoile agus cò nach tèid gabhail ris
• expressed with deònach plus gabhail ris. That is an acceptable offer, ’s e tairgse a tha sin a thathar deònach gabhail ris
• ceutach, comp ceutaiche, also taitneach, comp taitniche. Your cheque was most acceptable, bha do sheic dha-rìreabh ceutach leam
• deagh-. Staff will not label a child as naughty and will reward acceptable behaviour positively, cha bhi luchd-obrach a’ comharrachadh neach-cloinne mar mhì-mhodhail agus thèid deagh-ghiùlan a dhuaiseachadh gu deimhinneach
acceptably adv gu ceutach, gu taitneach
acceptance n (a) gabhail m, gabhail m ris. Acceptance of proposal, gabhail ri moladh
To beg a person’s acceptance of something, iarraidh air neach gabhail ri rud. He secured their acceptance of the proposal, thug e orra gabhail ris a’ mholadh. Did your proposal get acceptance? an deach do mholadh gabhail ris? The proposal met with general acceptance, chaidh gabhail sa choitcheannas ris a’ mholadh
access n 1 rathad m, gen rathaid, rothaid. Is there any access to it? a bheil rathad idir thuige?
• rathad a-steach, gen rothaid a-steach. Access to parking area, rathad a-steach don àite-phàircidh
• expressed with a-steach adv. This is the door which gives access to the room, seo an doras a-steach don rùm
There must be security against unauthorised access to the building, feumaidh tèarainteachd a bhith ann an aghaidh a bhith a’ faighinn a-steach don togalach gun ùghdarras
• cothrom m, gen cothroim. Only by doing so can it give the access that is the right of all pupils studying Gaelic, ’s ann a-mhàin le bhith a’ dèanamh seo as urrainn dhi an cothrom sin air a’ Ghàidhlig a thoirt dhaibh air a bheil còir aig a’ chloinn air fad. Access to Gaelic will provide all pupils with a knowledge about language, bheir cothrom air a’ Ghàidhlig eòlas air cànain don chloinn air fad. Access to more advanced programmes of study should be available for pupils who are beyond Level E, tha còir cothrom a thoirt do chlann a tha seachad air Ìre E air prògraman obrach nas adhartaiche. So that pupils have access to word-processing wherever language is used, gus am bi cothrom aig cloinn air dealbh-sgrìobhadh anns gach suidheachadh anns a bheil cànain ga cleachdadh
It is difficult to get access to it, tha e doirbh cothrom fhaighinn air. Exemplified by increased interest in, and access to, literature, mar eisimpleir air a seo tha barrachd ùidh ga gabhail ann an litreachas, agus barrachd cothroim ga fhaighinn air
Access to the beach is by steps or a lift. ’S ann le steapaichean no le àrdaichear a gheibhear cothrom dol chun a’ chladaich. Particularly in rural areas where there is no direct access to an appropriate casualty unit, gu h-àraidh ann an àiteachan dùthchail far nach fhaighear cothrom a dhol gu dìreach gu aonad-thubaist iomchaidh
A steep path gives access to the shore, tha ceum cas a’ toirt cothroim fhaighinn chun a’ chladaich
• expressed with cothrom m eòlais. Providing access through drama, a’ toirt cothrom eòlais tro dhràma
• expressed with rach v, vn dol m. Access to the trail is by arrangement with the landowner, thèidear air an t-slighe le cead bho uachdaran an fhearainn. Access to the door is by a flight of steps, ’s ann suas staidhre a thèidear chun an dorais. No child should be allowed access to the kitchen unless it is safe to do so, cha chòir gun tèid leigeil le cloinn a dhol don chidsin mur bi e sàbhailte sin a dhèanamh
• expressed with ruig, vn ruigheachd f. There is no way of getting access to it, chan eil dòigh air ruigheachd air
I obtained access to him, chaidh agam air a dhol na chainnt, chaidh agam air bruidhinn fhaighinn ris
Capturing, storing, gaining access to, changing and interpreting information, a’ glacadh, a’ stòradh, a’ lorg, ag atharrachadh agus a’ breithneachadh fiosrachaidh
access road n phr rathad m a-steach, gen rothaid a-steach, pl ròidean a-steach. The access road to the house was a great expense, bha an rathad a-steach don taigh na chosgais mhòr
• rathad-ruigheachd m, gen rothaid-ruigheachd, pl ròidean-ruigheachd. They are putting in an access road to the hospital, tha iad a’ dèanamh rathad-ruigheachd don ospadal
2 (bout, as of illness ; fit, as of rage) taom m, gen taoma. An access of fever, taom fiabhrais. An access of rage, taom feirge
accessibility n ruigsinneachd f, so-ruigsinneachd f
• expressed with mar a ruigear. A problem about the accessibility of the site, duilgheadas a thaobh mar a ruigear an làrach
accessible a 1 so-ruigsinn, also ruigsinneach, comp ruigsinniche. They should consider whether the text is accessible in structure, tha còir aca beachdachadh air co-dhiùbh a tha an teacsa so-ruigsinn a thaobh structair
• expressed with (furasta) faighinn gu (rud). The new houses are easily accessible from town, tha na taighean ùra furasta faighinn thuca bhon bhaile
• expressed with ri fhaighinn. This is knowledge that is accessible to every one, ’s e eòlas a tha seo a tha ri fhaighinn don h-uile duine
2 (of person) fosgarra. He is quite accessible by nature, tha e gu math fosgarra na nàdar
(b) expressed with furasta bruidhinn ri. She is quite accessible at work, tha i furasta dhol a bhruidhinn rithe aig a cuid obair
• expressed with cuir eòlas air, vn cur eòlais air. Biographical details about poets can help make their work more accessible to pupils, bidh fiosrachadh mu bheatha nam bàrd na chuideachadh don chloinn ann a bhith a’ cur am barrachd eòlais air an obair aca
accession n 1 Accession of light, air, leigeil a-steach solais, èadhair. Accession of funds from abroad, airgead a thighinn o chèin
2 meudachadh m, gen meudachaidh. Accession to your income, meudachadh air do theachd a-steach
• ball-meudachaidh m, gen & pl buill-mheudachaidh. Accessions register, leabhar-clàraidh bhall-meudachaidh.
There have been many new accessions to the museum this year, chaidh iomadh nì ùr a ghabhail a-steach don taigh-thasgaidh am bliadhna
3 (a) Accession to manhood, a thighinn gu aois fir
(b) Accession to power, a thighinn gu cumhachd. Accession to the throne, a thighinn chun na rìgh-chathrach. Accession to office, a thighinn an ceann dreuchd. Accession to an estate, a thighinn an seilbh oighreachd
accessory 1 expressed with a chuidicheas, a mheudaicheas
• expressed with a bharrachd
2 n (supplementary or accompanying part, item) (a) trealamh m, gen trealaimh, pl trealaimhean. Office accessories, trealamh oifis. Household accessories, trealamh taighe
(b) expressed with cuir le, vn cur le. A red dress and accessories, dreasa dhearg agus na tha a’ cur leatha. She was wearing a blue costume and accessories, bha trusgan gorm oirre agus na bha a’ cur leis
3 n & pred a co-chiontaiche m, pl co-chiontaichean. Accessory to a crime, co-chiontaiche ann an eucoir
• expressed with an com-pàirt. They were accessory to what she did, bha iad ann an com-pàirt ris na rinn i
• (law) com-pàirtiche m, pl com-pàirtichean. An accessory before the fact, com-pàirtiche ron ghnìomh
accidence n (grammar) cumaidheachd f
accident n 1 (a) tuiteamas m, gen & pl tuiteamais. It was just an accident that it turned out like that, ’s e dìreach tuiteamas a bha ann gur ann mar sin a thàinig e a-mach
By accident, tro thuiteamas
• tro thubaist, a thaobh tubaist, gu tubaisteach. By a mere accident, dìreach tro thubaist, dìreach tro thuiteamas
• air thuairmeas. We met by accident, thachair sinn air thuairmeas
(b) tubaist f, gen tubaiste, pl tubaistean. A road accident, tubaist rothaid. A serious accident, droch thubaist. A fatal accident, tubaist bhàsmhor. An accident happened to us in the morning, thachair tubaist rinn anns a’ mhadainn. Isn’t that the way accidents happen? nach ann mar sin a thachras an tubaist?
• sgiorradh m, gen sgiorraidh, pl sgiorraidhean. They’d have so many accidents while they were playing! a liuthad sgiorradh a thigeadh orra a’ cluich!
accident book, leabhar m thubaistean, gen leabhair thubaistean, pl leabhraichean thubaistean. An accident book must be maintained and kept with the first-aid box, feumar leabhar thubaistean a chumail agus a ghlèidheadh còmhla ris a’ bhocas chiad-fhuasglaidh
2 (geology) aimh-rèidh m, pl aimh-rèidhean
accidental 1 a tubaisteach
2 n (music) seachran m, gen & pl seachrain
accidentally adv gu tubaisteach. A thing that happened accidentally, when it wasn’t anybody’s fault, rud a thachair gu tubaisteach, nuair nach robh coire aig neach ris
• tro thubaist, a thaobh tubaist, tro thuiteamas, air thuaiream
acclaim1 n moladh m, gen molaidh. He returned to great acclaim, air dha tilleadh thugadh àrd-mholadh dha
• caithream m, gen caithreim m, also luath-ghàir m
acclaim2 v tr dèan caithream ri, vn dèanamh caithreim ri
The following day he was acclaimed king, air an ath latha ghairmeadh rìgh dheth le caithream, le luath-ghàir
acclamation n caithream m, gen caithreim
The office-bearers were chosen by acclamation, bhathar a’ taghadh an luchd-dreuchd gu caithreamach
• luath-ghàir m. He was received with (shouts of) acclamation, chaidh gabhail ris le luath-ghàir, le caithream
acclimatisation n dèanamh m cleachdte, gen dèanaimh cleachdte, also fàs cleachdte, gen fàis cleachdte. The process of acclimatisation was difficult for them, bha e duilich dhaibh fàs cleachdte ris an t-suidheachadh ùr
acclimatise 1 v tr dèan cleachdte ri, vn dèanamh cleachdte ri (clìomaid ùir, àrainneachd ùir)
2 v i fàs cleachdte ri, vn fàs cleachdte ri (clìomaid ùir, àrainneachd ùir)
become acclimatised, fàs cleachdte ri, vn fàs cleachdte ri (clìomaid ùir, àrainneachd ùir). We’ll have to wait and see how they become acclimatised to their new situation, feumaidh sinn fuireach ach am faic sinn mar a dh’fhàsas iad cleachdte ris an t-suidheachadh ùr sa bheil iad
acclivity n dìreadh m, gen dìridh, pl dìridhean. We came to an acclivity on the track, thàinig sinn gu dìreadh air an fhrith-rathad
• uchdan m, gen uchdain, pl uchdanan. A steep crag at the top of an acclivity, creag chas aig mullach uchdain. The acclivity of the clods, Uchdan nam Ploc (place-name)
accolade n 1 (of knighthood) acalaid f
2 àrd-mholadh m, gen àrd-mholaidh. They received great accolade in the capital, fhuair iad àrd-mholadh mòr sa phrìomh-bhaile
• duais f, gen duaise, pl duaisean. This was all the accolade he received for his bravery, b’ e seo na fhuair e mar dhuais airson a threuntais
accommodate v tr 1 (a) gabh, vn gabhail m. I can accommodate myself to that view, gabhaidh mi ris a’ bheachd sin
(b) gabh a-steach, vn gabhail a-steach, also gabh a-staigh. More differentiated targets which will accommodate the range of experiences of Gaelic, cuimsean nas eadar-dhealaichte a ghabhas a-steach gach seòrsa fiosrachaidh air a’ Ghàidhlig. Experiences which could not be accommodated within the realities of the classroom, fiosrachaidhean nach b’ urrainn an gabhail a-staigh anns a’ chlas
• gabh ri, vn gabhail ri. To accommodate the variety of needs, gus gabhail ri gach caochladh sheòrsa feum
• thoir cothrom do, vn toirt cothroim do. To accommodate a greater range and variety of experiences, gus cothrom a thoirt do bharrachd fhiosraichidhean de chaochladh sheòrsachan
• còmhdaich, vn còmhdach m. To accommodate pupils’ individual needs, gus na feuman aig sgoilearan fa leth a chòmhdach
• cùm, vn cumail. Dig a hole in the ground to accommodate the cylinder, dèan toll san talamh airson an siolandair a chumail
2 To accommodate a person, còmhstadh m, gen còmhstaidh, a dhèanamh do neach
To accommodate a person with a loan, iasad a thoirt do neach
3 thoir loidseadh do, vn toirt loidsidh do. Finally she decided to accommodate them, mu dheireadh rinn i suas a h-inntinn loidseadh a thoirt dhaibh
• gabh, vn gabhail m. The house will accommodate them all, gabhaidh an taigh iad uile
accommodating a còmhstadhach. He’s an accommodating fellow, ’s e gille còmhstadhach a tha ann
• so-rèiteach, soireiteach
accommodation n 1 (agreement) còrdadh m, gen còrdaidh, also co-chòrdadh m, gen co-chòrdaidh. They came to an accommodation about the matter, thàinig iad gu còrdadh mun ghnothach
• rèite f. They came to an accommodation about the matter, thàinig iad gu rèite mun ghnothach
2 (a) còmhstadh m, gen còmhstaidh. It would be a great accommodation for me, bu mhòr an còmhstadh dhomh e
• fàbhar m, gen fàbhair
(b) àite-fuirich m. They asked for accommodation, dh’iarr iad àite-fuirich
• loidseadh m, gen loidsidh
• aitreabh m, gen aitreibh. No smoking should be allowed in accommodation used by children, cha choìr do smocadh a bhith ceadaichte ann an aitreabh sam bith a bhitheas a’ chlann a’ cleachdadh
(c) iasad m (airgid), gen iasaid
accompaniment n (a) expressed with nì m, pl nithean a thèid an cois rud. Various sauces as an accompaniment to the meal, caochladh shabhsan mar nì bhitheas an cois a’ bhidhe
(b) (music) com-pàirt f, gen com-pàirte, pl com-pàirtean. With piano accompaniment, le com-pàirt piàno
accompanist n (music) com-pàirtiche m, pl com-pàirtichean
accompany v tr 1 rach an cois, vn dol an cois. Which will accompany talking, a bhitheas a’ dol an cois labhairt
To accompany the distribution of these guidelines, gus a sgaoileadh còmhla ris an stiùireadh seo. He was accompanied by his wife, bha a bhean còmhla ris
2 (a) He accompanied his words with a cuff, bha an sglabhart cho luath ris an fhacal aige
(b) Fever accompanied by, with, delirium, fiabhras agus boilisg cuide ris
3 (music) com-pàirtich, vn com-pàirteachadh m
(b) dèan com-pàirt do, vn dèanamh com-pàirte do. To accompany a person on the piano, com-pàirte a dhèanamh do neach air a’ phiàno
accompanying a expressed with an cois (plus gen). Thank you for your letter and accompanying cheque, taing airson do litreach agus na seic na cois. The accompanying grid has the following strands, anns a’ chlèith a tha an cois seo tha na h-iallan a leanas
accomplice n com-pàirtiche m, pl com-pàirtichean
• co-chiontaiche m, pl co-chiontaichean
accomplish v tr thoir gu buil, vn toirt gu buil. They have accomplished most of the work now, tha iad air a’ chuid mhòr den obair a thoirt gu buil a-nis
• crìochnaich, vn crìochnachadh m, also cuir crìoch air, vn cur crìche air
• rach plus agad air, vn dol plus agad air. I finally accomplished it, chaidh agam air mu dheireadh thall
• dèan, vn dèanamh m. I could easily accomplish that, bu bheag orm sin a dhèanamh
• dèan a’ chùis air, vn dèanamh na cùise air. I finally accomplished it, rinn mi a’ chùis air mu dheireadh thall
• dèan an gnothach air, vn dèanamh a’ ghnothaich air. I accomplished it, rinn mi an gnothach air
• coilean, vn coileanadh. He has now accomplished all he wished, tha e a-nis air a h-uile nì bu mhiann leis a choileanadh
accomplished a (a) coileanta, crìochnaichte
(b) dèante. He is an accomplished joiner, ’s e saor dèante a th’ ann
• ionnsaichte (at, ri). He is accomplished at many skills, tha e ionnsaichte ri iomadh sgil. She is accomplished in a number of different fields of study, tha i ionnsaichte ann an grunn de raointean eadar-dhealaichte foghlaim
accomplishment n 1 toirt f gu buil
This resulted in the accomplishment of the task, mar thoradh air an seo bha an obair air a toirt gu buil
A thing difficult of accomplishment, nì a tha duilich a dhèanamh, a tha duilich crìoch a chur air
2 feart m, gen fearta, pl feartan, also buaidh f, gen buaidhe, pl buaidhean. A man of many accomplishments, duine aig a bheil iomadh feart agus buaidh
A woman of many talents and accomplishments, boireannach aig a bheil iomadh tàlant agus a choilean iomadh nì. This is her one great accomplishment, ’s e seo an t-aon nì mòr a tha i air a choileanadh
accord n 1 (a) aonta m, co-aontachd f
• co-chòrdadh m, gen co-chòrdaidh
• rèite f
in accord with, ann an co-aontachd ri. This is also in accord with what we heard yesterday, tha seo cuideachd ann an co-aontachd ris na chuala sinn an-dè
Out of accord with it, ann an eas-aontachd ris
of your own accord, 1 de do thoil fhèin. She did it entirely of her own accord, rinn i uile gu lèir de toil fhèin e
• dad dheòin fhèin. Did you do that of your own accord? an d’rinn thu sin dhad dheòin fhèin?
• às do cheann fhèin
with one accord adv phr a dh’aon inntinn, gu h-aon ghuthach
accord 1 v i còrd, vn còrdadh m, also co-chòrd, vn co-chòrdadh m
• thig a-rèir a chèile, vn tighinn a-rèir a chèile. Did they accord at all? an robh iad a’ tighinn a-rèir a chèile idir?
2 v tr thoir do, vn toirt do. He was accorded a measure of honour, thugadh tomhas de dh’urram dha
• deònaich, vn deònachadh m. On their return they were accorded many favours, air dhaibh tilleadh chaidh iomadh fàbhar a dheònachadh dhaibh
• cuir ro, vn cur ro. She was accorded a great welcome, chuireadh fàilte mhòr roimhpe
according 1 conj phr : According as, a-rèir mar. According as we are rich or poor, a-rèir mar tha sinn bochd no beartach. There are frequently six or seven syllables in the first half-line, according as there is an unstressed syllable before the first stressed syllable in the line, or not, tha gu minig sia no seachd a lidean anns a’ chiad leth-shreath, a-rèir mar tha lide gun chuideam ann ron chiad lide le cudthrom anns an t-sreath, gus nach eil
2 prep phr : According to (a) a rèir (plus gen). According to the orders, a-rèir nan òrduighean. According to age, height, a-rèir aoise, àirde
• a rèir agus. Their suitability for assessment purposes will vary according to the year stage at which they are used, bidh am freagarrachd mar adhbhair measaidh a rèir ’s dè a’ bhliadhna anns am bithear gan cleachdadh
• rèidh ri (plus dat). If that is according to Your will, ma tha sin rèidh ri Do thoil
(b) According to himself, masa fìor dha fhèin, a-rèir mar a their e fhèin. According to that, masa fìor sin, a-rèir sin. The Gospel according to St Matthew, an Soisgeal a-rèir Mhata. According to the ways of the world, a-rèir gnàthachadh an t-saoghail
accordingly adv 1 (a) a-rèir sin. I knew what was right and tried to act accordingly, bha fios agam dè a bha ceart agus dh’fheuch mi ri nithean a dhèanamh a-rèir sin
(b) Accordingly as = according as
2 (therefore) mar sin, uime sin, air an adhbhar sin. Accordingly I wrote to him, mar sin sgrìobh mi thuige
accordance n co-aontachd f
in accordance with, a-rèir (plus gen). The relative proportion of time allocated to Gaelic and English language will vary in accordance with the needs of the child, bidh a’ chuibhreann ùine a thathar a’ cur mu choinneamh na Gàidhlig agus na Beurla ag atharrachadh a-rèir feuman a’ phàiste
• a-rèir mar (plus rel v). In accordance with your instructions, a-rèir mar a dh’òrdaich thu. In accordance with my wish, a-rèir mar a bha mo thoil
• mar (plus rel v). This was in accordance with an undertaking made to us, bha seo mar chaidh a ghealltainn dhuinn
• ann an co-rèir ri. Statement in accordance with the truth, iomradh ann an co-rèir ris an fhìrinn
accordion n bogsa-ciùil m, gen bogsa-chiùil, pl bogsaichean-ciùil, also bogsa m, pl bogsaichean. He played them a tune on the accordion, thug e port air a’ bhogsa dhaibh
accordion pleats n pl mion-phleatan m pl
accost v tr còmhlaich, vn còmhlachadh m
• rach an cainnt, vn dol an cainnt. A weaver might accost him, dh’fhaodadh breabadair a dhol na chainnt
• fàiltich, vn fàilteachadh, also cuir fàilte air, vn cur fàilte air
account n 1 (calculation) cunntas m, gen cunntais, pl cunntais, cunntasan. To cast an account, cunntas a dhèanamh
2 (a) (commerce, finance) cunntas m, gen cunntais, pl cunntais, cunntasan. I received the account yesterday, fhuair mi an cunntas an-dè. We opened an account, dh’fhosgail sinn cunntas. My bank account, mo chunntas-banc, mo chunntas sa bhanc. To do the accounts, na cunntasan a dhèanamh. To keep the accounts, na cunntasan a chumail. To settle an account, cunntas a phàigheadh, a ghlanadh. Account book, leabhar-cunntais. Current account, cunntas ruithe. Deposit account, cunntas taisgte. Detailed account, mion-chunntas. Accounts payable, cunntasan rim pàigheadh. Accounts receivable, cunntasan rim faighinn. To be in account with someone, cunntas a bhith agad còmhla ri neach. To pay ten pounds on account, deich not a phàigheadh mar chuid den chunntas, mar mheidhis air cunntas
On, for, account of someone, fo chosgais neach
(b) Account of expenses, cunntas chosgaisean
(c) To turn, put a thing to account, tairbhe, buannachd, a thoirt à rud. We must turn it to the best account, feumaidh sinn an rud as fhèarr a dhèanamh dheth. He can turn everything to account, bheir e buannachd às a h-uile nì. He turned it to (good) account, rinn e feum dheth, rinn e deagh fheum dheth, chuir e gu feum e
(d) To call someone to account for something, for doing something, cunntas iarraidh air neach a thaobh rud, a thaobh rud a rinn e. To bring someone to account, duine a thoirt gu dìoladh. He gave quite a good account of himself, ghiùlain e e fhèin cuimseach math, is math a rinn e
3 (a) Person of account, of high account, neach urramach, neach aig a bheil urram, neach inbheil, neach aig a bheil inbhe àrd. He is held in account, tha meas mòr air, tha urram mòr aige
Person of little account, neach air a bheil beag mheas. She took little account of the state of the road, cha do chuir i ach beag diù ann an staid an rothaid
Person of no account, neach nach fhiù. It is of no account, chan fhiach e. The matter is of no account, chan fhiach bruidhinn air a’ chùis
take into account or take account of, gabh ealla ri, vn gabhail ealla ri. Taking into account, take account of, local circumstances, a’ gabhail ealla ri suidhichidhean na sgìre. A school’s policy will also take account of the particular needs of its pupils, gabhaidh poileasaidh sgoile cuideachd ealla ris na feuman sònraichte a tha aig a chuid sgoilearan. Pupils are expected to take due account of appropriate forms of presentation, thathar a’ sùileachadh gum bi a’ chlann a’ gabhail ealla mar as còir ri modhan taisbeanaidh iomchaidh
• gabh a-staigh, vn gabhail a-staigh. Pupils will be asked to take account of the needs of the audience, iarrar air a’ chloinn feumalachdan an luchd-amais a ghabhail a-staigh
• gabh cunntas air, vn gabhail cunntais air. He took account of all that he saw, ghabh e cunntas air a h-uile nì a chunnaic e
• coimhid ri, vn coimhead ri. Discussions will take account of the views and attitudes of those involved in the texts, bidh beachdachadh a’ coimhead ri barail agus sealladh na feadhnach a tha a’ gabhail pàirt anns na teacsaichean
• thoir aire air, vn toirt aire air, also thoir an aire do, vn toirt an aire do. They should learn to take some account of register, tha còir aca aire air choireigin a thoirt air gnè
• thoir fa-near, vn toirt fa-near. Did you take account of what I said? an tug thu fa-near an rud a thubhairt mi?
• cuimhnich, vn cuimhneachadh m. Did you take account of what happened last time? an do chuimhnich thu air an rud a thachair an turas fo dheireadh?
(b) on account of, mar thoradh air, a thoradh air. This happened on account of what she had said, thachair seo mar thoradh air na bha i air a ràdh. On account of the war, a thoradh air a’ chogadh
• air sgàth (plus gen), airson (plus gen), às leth (plus gen). I was nervous on his account, bha mi eagalach air a sgàth-san
On that account, a thaobh sin, air an adhbhar sin
On every account, air gach dòigh. it’s better like that on every account, tha e nas fheàrr mar sin air gach dòigh
On no account, on any account, air chor sam bith, air adhbhar sam bith. On no account buy any of their stuff, na ceannaich dad den stuth a th’ aca air na chunnaic thu riamh, na ceannaich dad den stuth a th’ aca air do bheatha. I would not do it on any account, cha dèanainn idir e
(c) On his own account, air a cheann fhèin. They are working on their own account, tha iad ag obair air an ceann fhèin
4 cunntas m, gen cunntais, pl cunntais, cunntasan. Each account of an issue provides a summary, tha gach cunntas air cùis a’ toirt geàrr-chunntas. How an account of a battle differs from a description of the life cycle of a butterfly, mar tha cunntas air blàr eadar-dhealaichte o iomradh air cearcall-beatha dealain-dè. Throughout this account of the targets, air feadh a’ chunntais seo air na cuimsean. Giving an ordered account of a topic, a’ toirt cunntais rianail air cuspair. Detailed accounts of each of these strands, cunntas mionaideach air gach aon de na h-iallan seo. Eye witness accounts, cunntasan sùil-fhianais
• iomradh m, gen iomraidh, pl iomraidhean. A brief oral account might be given to the group, dh’fhaoidte iomradh goirid a thoirt don bhuidhinn, ann an cainnt-bheòil. Pupils will give a succinct, coherent account of their experience of texts, bidh a’ chlann a’ toirt iomraidh ghoirid, dhòigheil, phongail air an cuid fiosrachaidh air teacsaichean
• tuairisgeul m, gen tuairisgeil. They gave a good account of what they had done during their holidays, thug iad tuairisgeul math air na rinn iad anns na saor-làithean
To have a good account of someone, teist a bhith agad air neach. John had a really good account of the new minister, bha teist dha-rìridh aig Iain air a’ mhinistear ùr
He gave an account of himself, thug e cunntas air a ghnìomhan, air a chuid obair
By his own account, a-rèir mar a their e fhèin, masa fìor dha fhèin
By all accounts, a-rèir gach sgeòil, a-rèir gach tuairisgeil
account v tr & v ind tr 1 They account her a scholar, thathar ga meas mar sgoilear. He accounts himself lucky, tha e ga shaoilsinn fhèin sealbhach
2 (a) To account for something, mìneachadh a thoirt air rud. You’ll have to account for your actions, feumaidh tu mìneachadh a thoirt air na rinn thu
To account for a sum of money, cunntas a thoirt mu airgead. Can you account for the (sum of) money? an urrainn daibh cunntas a thoirt mun airgead?
(b) I can’t account for it, cha thuig mi e, chan urrainn dhomh a mhìneachadh
accounting n = accountancy. The accounting department, roinn a’ chunntais
accountability n cunntachalachd f
accountable a cunntachail. Who is accountable for this, cò a tha cunntachail air an seo. Grant us to see that we are accountable to you, thoir dhuinne faicinn gu bheil sinn cunntachail dhut (in prayer)
• freagrach, comp freagraiche. Are you accountable for these mistakes? a bheil thusa freagrach airson nam mearachdan seo?
He is accountable for them, tha e an urra riutha
accountancy n cunntasachd f
accountant n cunntasair m, pl cunntasairean, also neach-cunntais m, gen neach-chunntais, pl luchd-cunntais
account-day n (stock exchange) latha-cunntais m
accoutre v tr uidheamaich, vn uidheamachadh, also èid, vn èideadh ; armaich, vn armachadh.
To accoutre a knight, ridire a chur na uidheam is na èideadh. Fully accoutred, fo làn airm
accoutrements n pl (a) uidheam m, gen uidheim
The correct accoutrements for any sport, an t-uidheam agus an t-aodach ceart do gach spors
(familiar) gudramanan m pl. They were surrounded by all sorts of accoutrements, bha a h-uile seòrsa gudramanan aca timcheall orra
(b) airm m pl agus èideadh m, gen èididh (saighdeir)
accredit v tr 1 thoir creideas do, vn toirt creideis do. A thing that was difficult to accredit, nì a bha doirbh creideas a thoirt dha
• barantaich, vn barantachadh. They were accredited as capable, chaidh am barantachadh mar chomasach
To accredit something to someone, rud a chur as leth neach
2 To accredit an ambassador to a government, ambasadair a chur an dreuchd do riaghaltas
accredited a 1 air do chur an dreuchd (gu h-ùghdarrasach)
2 barantaichte. An accredited dealer, neach-dèiligidh barantaichte
• ùghdarraichte. Accredited opinion, barail ùghdarraichte
accretion n cruinneachadh m, gen cruinneachaidh. Accretion disk around a star, diosg-cruinneachaidh mu thimcheall rèil
accrue v i fàs, vn fàs m (from, à) (to, ri). The profit that accrued from his investment, a’ phrothaid a dh’fhàs às na chuir e an seilbh. The interest that accrued to the sum, an riadh a dh’fhàs ris an t-suim
To accrue to a person, a thighinn gu neach. The profit that accrued to him, a’ phrothaid a thàinig thuige. Much good will accrue to you, thig mòran maith ad ionnsaidh
accumulate 1 v tr cruinnich, vn cruinneachadh m. He accumulated many different kinds of them, chruinnich e iomadh diofar seòrsa dhiubh
• càrn, vn càrnadh m. He was accumulating money, bha e a’ càrnadh airgid
• cruach, cruachadh m. To accumulate piles of wealth, dùin shaidhbhreis a chruachadh
He accumulated a fortune, rinn e fhortan, chuir e fortan mu seach
2 v i cruinnich, vn cruinneachadh m. They simply accumulated without my knowing, ’s ann a rinn iad cruinneachadh gun fhios domh
• càrn, vn càrnadh m. Phlegm accumulating in his chest, sglongraich a’ càrnadh na bhroillich
• cruach, cruachadh m
accumulation n 1 cruinneachadh m, gen cruinneachaidh, also co-chruinneachadh m, gen co-chruinneachaidh
• càrnadh m, gen càrnaidh, also cruachadh m, gen cruachaidh
Accumulation of capital, meudachadh calpa le riadh
2 càrn m, gen & pl cùirn. Accumulations of gravel, cùirn grinneil
accumulative a cruinneachail, tionalach
It has an accumulative effect, tha buadh aige tha a’ sìor mheudachadh
accumulator n 1 (person) cruinneachair m, pl cruinneachair, also neach-cruinneachaidh m, pl luchd-cruinneachaidh
• càrnair m, pl càrnairean
2 (horse racing) càrn-gheall m, gen & pl càrn-ghill. A four-horse accumulator, càrn-gheall ceithir each
3 (electricity : storage cell) taisg-chealla f, pl taisg-cheallan. You would need an accumulator to run it, dh’fheumadh tu taisg-chealla airson a ruith. We were shown the huge accumulators, chaidh na taisg-cheallan mòra a shealltainn dhuinn
accuracy n cothromachd f. The teacher will highlight the need for relevance and accuracy, bidh an tidsear a’ seulachadh cho riatanach ’s a tha freagarrachd agus cothromachd
• fìor-chunntas m, gen fìor-chunntais. To identify elements such as bias and accuracy, gu bhith a’ comharrachadh nithean mar tha claon-bheachd agus fìor-chunntas
• cruinneas m, gen cruinneis
• expressed with gun mhearachd. The confidence and the need to communicate are more important than absolute grammatical accuracy, tha misneach ann an conaltradh, agus am feum air conaltradh a dhèanamh, nas cudthromaiche na an gràmar a bhith uile gu lèir gun mhearachd
• expressed with dòigheil a. Spell less frequently used words with increasing confidence and accuracy, a’ sìor fhàs misneachail agus dòigheil ann a bhith a’ litreachadh fhaclan nach eilear a’ cleachdadh cho tric
• expressed with ceart a. More emphasis should be given to effective communication than to formal accuracy, bu chòir barrachd àite thoirt do chonaltradh buadhmhor na do chòmhradh a tha foirmeil agus ceart. Pupils will talk in situations which make demands for accuracy and relevance, bidh a’ chlann a’ labhairt ann an suidhichidhean anns a bheil dùbhlan a thaobh a bhith ceart agus iomchaidh
• expressed with cinnteach a. In order to locate with increasing accuracy genre, purpose and audience, gus aithne nas cinntiche agus nas cinntiche a chur air gnè, air adhbhar ’s air luchd-amais
• expressed with gu mionaideach adv. Since accuracy of recall will become more important, seach gum bi e a’ fàs nas cudthromaiche a bhith a’ cuimhneachadh gu mionaideach
accurate a (a) neo-mhearachdach, comp neo-mhearachdaich. Pupils will ensure that sentence construction is accurate and varied, bidh a’ chlann a’ dèanamh cinnteach gu bheil deilbh sheantansan neo-mhearachdach agus ioma-chruthach
• mionaideach, comp mionaidich. A true and accurate account, cunntas fìor agus mionaideach. Accurate measurement, tomhas ceart, mionaideach
Writing fluently and with accurate spelling and punctuation, a bhith a’ sgrìobhadh gu fileanta, le litreachadh agus pungadh a tha dòigheil cothromach
To be strictly accurate…, le bhith ga ràdh mar as ceart…
To take accurate aim at a thing a chuimseachadh gu dìreach air rud
(b) Accurate memory, cuimhne ghlan. How accurate your memory is! nach glan a’ chuimhne a tha agaibh! Accurate sketch, sgeidse bheachdaidh
accurately adv gu dòigheil. Learning to read accurately becomes increasingly important, tha a bhith ag ionnsachadh a bhith a’ leughadh gu dòigheil a’ sìor fhàs nas cudthromaiche
• anns an dòigh cheart. And to use it accurately, agus air a cleachdadh anns an dòigh cheart
• gu h-eagnaidh. He carried everything out accurately, chuir e a h-uile nì an gnìomh gu h-eagnaidh
accursed a mallaichte
accusation n gearan m, gen & pl gearain. He made all sorts of accusations about me, rinn e a h-uile seòrsa gearain mum dheidhinn
• casaid f, pl casaidean. He levelled accusations against them, rinn e casaidean orra. He must withdraw his accusations or prove them, feumaidh e na casaidean aige a thoirt air ais neo dearbhadh a thoirt orra
(law) casaid f, pl casaidean. A false accusation, casaid bhrèige. A ground of accusation, cùis-chasaid
accusative 1 a cuspaireach. The accusative case, an tuiseal cuspaireach
2 n tuiseal m cuspaireach, gen tuiseil chuspairich, also cuspaireach m, gen & pl cuspairich
accuse v tr cuir às leth (plus gen), vn cur às leth. To accuse a person of something, rud a chur às leth neach. The bard could not be accused of concealing his own foolishness over drink, cha b’ urrainnear a chur às leth a’ bhàird gum bitheadh e a’ cleith fhaoineis fhèin mun deoch. What made you accuse me of that? dè a thug oirbh siud a chur às mo leth?
• cuir mu choinneimh, vn cur mu choinneimh. That is what they were accusing him of anyway, ’s e sin a bha iad a’ cur ma choinneimh co-dhiù
• cuir air, vn cur air. They were accusing her of witchcraft, bhathar a’ cur oirre gu robh i ri buidseachd
• fàg air, vn fàgail air. He was being accused of dishonesty, bhathar a’ fàgail air gu robh e mì-onarach. He was accused of going away with people’s coal, bhathas a’ fàgail air gu robh e falbh le gual feadhainn eile
• tog air, vn togail air. They accused her of being a liar, thog iad oirre gu robh i ris na breugan
• agair air, vn agar air. I certainly wasn’t accusing him of that, cha robh mise ag agar sin air
(law) casaidich air, vn casaideachadh m air, also dèan casaid air, vn dèanamh casaid air. They accused him, chasaidich iad air. He accused her falsely, rinn e casaid bhrèige oirre. He was accused of stealing a car, bha e fo chasaid gun do ghoid e càr
accused n (law) neach m fo chasaid. He addressed the accused, bhruidhnich e ris an neach fo chasaid
accusing a casaideach. He said it in an accusing voice, thubhairt e e leis a’ chasaid na ghuth
accusingly adv gu casaideach. She looked at him accusingly, thug i sùil chasaideach air
accuser n casaidiche m, pl casaidichean, also neach-casaid m, pl luchd-casaid
accustom v tr cleachd, vn cleachdadh m. Over time he accustomed himself to it, tro thìde chleachd e e fhèin ris. She is accustoming herself to their ways, tha i ga cleachdadh fhèin ris na dòighean a tha aca
• dèan cleachdte ri, vn dèanamh cleachdte ri. You will accustom her to our work practices, nì thu cleachdte i ris na dòighean-obrach againn
accustomed a 1 cleachdte. He is accustomed to it, tha e cleachdte ris. I am quite accustomed to the heat, tha mi gu math cleachdte ris an teas. To get accustomed to something, a dh’fhàs cleachdte ri rud
• air do chleachdadh. We are not accustomed to this weather, chan eil sinn air ar cleachdadh ris an t-sìde a tha seo
• expressed with cleachd v, vn cleachdadh. I wasn’t accustomed to do that, cha do chleachd mi sin a dhèanamh. That is not what I am accustomed to, cha b’ e sin a chleachd mi riamh. He is accustomed to go there, tha e a’ cleachdadh a dhol ann. Everyone who is accustomed to go out was at the communion, cha robh duine a tha a’ cleachdadh a dhol a-mach nach robh aig na h-òrdaighean. Discomfort becomes accustomed to itself, cleachdaidh an anshocair i fhèin (proverb)
• expressed with tha e na chleachdadh dhut. I am accustomed to go there, tha e na chleachdadh dhomh a dhol ann
• expressed with is àbhaist dhut. I am accustomed to do this, is àbhaist domh seo a dhèanamh. I wasn’t accustomed to eat much fish, cha b’ àbhaist dhomh a bhith ag ithe mòran èisg
expressed with nòs m, gen nòis. He is accustomed to going there, tha e mar nòs aige a dhol an sin. He was not accustomed to do that, cha bu nòs da sin
2 cleachdail. This is the accustomed manner of doing it, seo an dòigh a tha cleachdail air a dhèanamh
• gnàthach. She did it in the accustomed manner, rinn i e anns an dòigh a bu ghnàthach
• àbhaisteach, comp àbhaistiche. She did it in the accustomed manner, rinn i e anns an dòigh àbhaistich
ace n 1 (cards, etc) aon m, eus m. The ace, an t-aon, an t-eus. The ace of hearts, of spades, of clubs, of diamonds, eus a heart, a spaid, a chlub, a dhaoimean. Four aces, ceithir eus
2 (aviation : of person) gaisgeach m (itealaiche), gen & pl gaisgich
within an ace of, expressed with theab. She was within an ace of drowning, theab i bàthadh
• expressed with an coinneimh, an impis. They were within an ace of giving up, bha iad an coinneimh toirt suas. She was within an ace of drowning, bha i an impis a bhith air a bàthadh
• expressed with cha robh guth ri ràdh. I was within an ace of falling, cha robh guth ri ràdh nach do thuit mi
acerbic a searbh, comp seirbhe
• nimheil, comp nimheile
acerbity n searbhachd f, also cainnt f shearbh, gen cainnte seirbhe
• nimh m, gen nimhe, also nimhealachd f
acetaldehyde n aiceataildèad m
acetamide n aiceataimìd f
acetate n aiceatait f, pl aiceataitean. Calcium acetate, aiceatait chailciam
acetic a aiceatach
acetify 1 v tr dèan bineagair de, vn dèanamh bineagair de
2 v i fàs geur, vn fàs geur, also fàs na bhineagair, vn fàs na bhineagair
acetone n aiceatòn m, gen aiceatòin
acetylene n aiceatailin m
Achaean a Achaitheach
ache1 n pian f, gen pèin, pl piantan
• cnàmhan m, gen & pl cnàmhain, also cnàmhan m pian, gen cnàmhain pian. I’ve an ache in my side, tha cnàmhan pian nam chliathaich
• goirteas m, gen goirteis
headache, ceann m goirt, gen & pl cinn ghoirte, also goirteas m cinn, gen goirteis chinn. I have a headache, tha ceann goirt agam, orm
heartache, cràdh m cridhe, gen cràidh chridhe. It is just a heartache, ’s e dìreach cràdh cridhe a tha ann
toothache, dèideadh m, gen dèididh. I have toothache, tha an dèideadh orm
severe ache, cràdhadh m, gen cràdhaidh, also cràdh m, gen cràidh. There was a severe ache in my knees, bha cràdhadh anns na glùinean agam
I am all aches and pains, chan eil aon bhall de mo chorp anns nach eil pian
ache2 v i My head is aching, tha mo cheann goirt. My leg is aching, tha cnàmhan nam chois, tha cnàmhan pian nam chois
The walking has made my bones ache, dh’fhàg a’ choiseachd cnàmhan orm, dh’fhàg a’ choiseachd proinnte mi
It makes my heart ache, tha mo chridhe cràite leis
My knees were aching severely, bha cràdhadh anns na glùinean agam
aching a goirt, pianail. An aching tooth, fiacail ghoirt
Aching heart, cridhe cràite, cridhe brùite
achene n aicein f, pl aiceinean
achievable a so-ruigsinn. A number of achievable aims, grunn amasan a tha so-ruigsinn
• expressed with a thèid ruigheachd air, a ruigear air. This last is an easily achievable aim, tha am fear mu dheireadh seo na amas a thèid ruigheachd air gu furasta. Tasks should have clear, identifiable objectives, achievable by group consensus, tha còir amasan soilleir a bhith aig iomairtean gus an aithnichear iad agus gus an ruigear orra le co-aontachd buidhne
achieve v tr 1 coilean, vn coileanadh m. In order to achieve the above overall aim, gus am prìomh amas a tha gu h-àrd a choileanadh. Many pupils should in practice achieve much more, tha còir gun coileanadh mòran chloinne cus a bharrachd. The attainment targets are intended to help the teacher plan what might be achieved, is e a tha air cùl nan cuimsean coileanaidh, cuideachadh a dhèanamh leis an tidsear gus deasachadh a dhèanamh fa chomhair na ghabhadh a choileanadh. Achieving the targets will ensure that a pupil’s learning will be comprehensive and progressive, ’s ann le bhith a’ coileanadh nan cuimsean a nithear cinnteach gur ann ioma-chruthach agus adhartach a tha na bheil pàiste ag ionnsachadh. Some pupils may continue to achieve at Level A, faodaidh cuid leantainn orra gan coileanadh fhèin aig Ìre A
• thoir gu buil, vn toirt gu buil. Taking responsibility for achieving a set purpose, a’ gabhail uallaich gus adhbhar suidhichte a thoirt gu buil. They should not dominate the principal aim of achieving communicative competence, chan eil còir aca bàrr a thoirt air a’ phrìomh amas, ’s e sin comas conaltraidh a thoirt gu buil
• ruig, vn ruigheachd f. Some will have achieved Level E in all the attainment outcomes, bidh cuid air Ìre E a ruigheachd anns na builean coileanaidh air fad
• ruig air, vn ruighinn air or ruigheachd air. In order to achieve this, gus ruighinn air an seo. Pupils will use some of the conventions of a chosen literary form to achieve particular effects, bidh a’ chlann a’ cur an gnìomh cuid de chleachdaidhean a bhuineas do mhodh litreachail a chaidh a thaghadh gus ruigheachd air buaidhean àraidh. New effects can be achieved by showing pupils how to turn basic story ideas into plays, ruigear air buaidhean ùra le bhith a’ sealltainn don chloinn mar a chuireas iad bun-bheachdan sìmplidh stòiridh ann an riochd dhealbh-chluichean. The choices that have to be made and the techniques by which these can be achieved, na roghainnean a dh’fheumar a dhèanamh agus na modhan leis an ruigear orra seo. The essential additional demand between Level E and Standard Grade is achieved by means of enhanced difficulty in text and task, ruigear air na dh’fheumar a choileanadh a bharrachd, eadar Ìre E agus an Ìre Choitcheann, le duilgheadas nas motha ann an teacsa ’s ann an gnìomh
• ruig ceann-uidhe, vn ruigheachd cinn-uidhe. An agreed policy statement helps ensure that everyone is clear about what they are trying to achieve, tha aithris poileasaidh aontaichte a’ cur ri cinnt gu bheil an ceann-uidhe air am bheil iad a’ feuchainn ri ruigheachd soilleir do gach neach
• thig gu, vn tighinn gu. In so doing they will achieve an awareness of genre and knowledge about language, ann a bhith a’ dèanamh seo thig iad gu mothachadh air gnè cànain agus gu eòlas air cànain
• faigh, vn faotainn f. Provided that it helps teacher and pupil to achieve a balanced view of the pupil’s performance, fhad ’s a chuidicheas e an tidsear agus am pàiste gus sealladh cothromach fhaotainn air na tha am pàiste a’ coileanadh
To achieve resolutions, a dh’fhuasgladh cheistean
To achieve a victory, a dh’fhaighinn buaidh
He has achieved the impossible, tha e air rud a dhèanamh a shaoileadh a bhith do-dhèante
achieving n coileanadh m, gen coileanaidh
• toirt f gu buil
achievement n 1 coileanadh m, gen coileanaidh. An overall level of achievement can be recorded when that is appropriate, faodar ìre-choileanaidh fharsaing a chlàradh an uair a tha sin iomchaidh
Since they indicate reasonable expectations of achievement for most pupils, seach gu bheil iad a’ comharrachadh na thathar gu reusanta a’ sùileachadh a bhitheas a’ mhòrchuid den chloinn a’ coileanadh. She has many achievements behind her, tha i air iomadh nì a choileanadh is a thoirt gu buil na latha
• expressed with thoir gu buil, vn toirt gu buil. This allows learners to gauge more effectively their own progress and achievements, bheir seo cothrom do luchd-ionnsachaidh tomhas nas buadhmhoire a dhèanamh air an adhartas a rinn iad agus air na tha iad a’ toirt gu buil. Including the assessment of achievements, agus sin a’ gabhail a-staigh measadh air na thathar a’ toirt gu buil. It is now crucial to build on these achievements so that Gaelic maintains its dynamic as a living language in Scotland, tha e a-nis do-sheachnaichte cudthromach gum bithear a’ togail air na chaidh a thoirt gu buil mar-thà gus an glèidh a’ Ghàidhlig a clì mar chànan beò ann an Alba
• adhartas m, gen adhartais. There will be pupils in S2 for whom attainments at Level D, or earlier levels, will be major achievements, ’s e fìor adhartas mòr a bhitheas ann do chuid ann an A2 ma thèid aca air cuimsean a choileanadh aig Ìre D, no ìrean nas ìsle na sin
2 gnìomh m, pl gnìomhan. The achievements of genius, gnìomhan na sàr-inntleachd
• euchd m, pl euchdan
(b) When I consider his achievement, nuair a smaoinicheas mi air an euchd a tha e air a dhèanamh
Achilles pr n Aichioll m, gen Aichill, also Aicilleas m, gen Aicilleis
Achilles heel, laigse f chruaidh
Achilles tendon, fèith f Aicilleis
achromatic a neo-chròmatach, comp neo-chròmataiche
achromatism n neo-chròmatas m, gen neo-chròmatais
acid 1 a (a) searbhagach. Acid rain, uisge searbhagach, or sileadh uisge searbhagach. Acid drops, mìlseanan searbhaig
(b) searbh, comp searbha, seirbhe. That has an acid taste, tha blas searbh air an sin
• geur, comp geòire. That tastes more acid still, tha blas fiù ’s nas geòire air an sin
2 n searbhag f, gen searbhaig, pl searbhagan
acid-proof, acid-resisting a searbhag-dhìonach
acidification n searbhagachadh m, gen searbhagachaidh
acidify 1 v tr searbhagaich, vn searbhagachadh m, also dèan searbhag de, vn dèanamh searbhaig de
2 v i fàs searbhagach, vn fàs searbhagach, also fàs na shearbhaig, vn fàs na shearbhaig
acidity n (chemistry) searbhagachd f
(taste) searbhachd f, gèire f
acidulate v tr searbhaich, vn searbhachadh m, also dèan searbh, vn dèanamh searbh
acknowledge v tr 1 (a) aidich, vn aideachadh m. He acknowledged his guilt in the matter, dh’aidich e a chiont anns a’ chùis. He acknowledged himself beaten, dh’aidich e gun tugadh buaidh air, gun d’fhairtlich air. Currently available resources for delivery of some areas of the curriculum are generally acknowledged to be below a desirable level, thathar gu coitcheann ag aideachadh nach eil na tha ri fhaotainn an-ceartuair de ghoireasan airson cuid de raointean a’ chlàir-theagaisg a thoirt gu buil cho math ’s bu mhiann leinn
• thoir àite do, vn toirt àite do. Care has been taken to acknowledge the processes which will enable that extension to take place, tha àite air a thoirt gu faiceallach do na ceumannan a bheir cothrom don leudachadh sin a bhith a’ tighinn gu buil. Opportunities will be given to children to explore, acknowledge and value similarities and differences between themselves and others, thèid cothroman a thoirt do chloinn gus na nithean a rannsachadh anns a bheil iad coltach agus anns a bheil iad eadar-dhealaichte ri chèile, agus gus àite a thoirt do na nithean seo agus gus luach a chur orra
• gabh ri, vn gabhail ri. They acknowledged him as king, ghabh iad ris mar rìgh
• leig ort, vn leigeil ort. Don’t acknowledge that you have seen him, na leig ort gu faca thu e
2 To acknowledge a salute, altachadh a fhreagairt. I acknowledge (receipt of) your letter, tha mi a’ toirt buidheachais airson ur litreach
acknowledged a aidichte, air aideachadh. He is an acknowledged expert in the field, thathar a’ gabhail ris mar neach a tha eòlach air a’ chuspair
acknowledgement n 1 aideachadh m, gen aideachaidh. This was some acknowledgement of their guilt, bha seo na thomhas de dh’aideachadh air an ciont
• aidmheil f, pl aidmheilean. Acknowledgement of the truth, aidmheil na fìrinne
2 buidheachas m, gen buidheachais. This is some small acknowledgement of your help to us, seo tomhas beag de bhuidheachas airson a’ chuideachaidh a thug thu dhuinn. Acknowledgements, buidheachas
3 fios-freagairt m. She received no acknowledgement of her letter, cha d’fhuair i fios-freagairt da litir
aclinic a Aclinic line (= magnetic equator), loidhne eu-claonaidh
acme n bàrr m, gen barra, also fìor bhàrr m. This was the acme of her achievement in the theatre, b’ e seo bàrr agus mullach na choilean i ann an dràma. He had reached the acme of power, bha e air fìor bhàrr a chumhachd a ruighinn
He had reached the acme of success, bha air soirbheachadh leis anns gach cùis
acne n (pathology) aicnidh m
• cnàimhseag f, gen cnàimhseig, pl cnàimhseagan
acolyte n (a) neach-frithealaidh m, gen luchd-frithealaidh, also acailit m, pl acailitean
(b) frithealaiche m Aifrinn, pl frithealaichean Aifrinn
aconite n 1 (pharmacy) acainit f
2 (botany) see monk’s-hood n, and wolf’s-bane n
aconite, winter n (botany) (Eranthis hyemalis) acainit f gheamhraidh, gen acainit geamhraidh
acorn n dearc-dharaich f, gen dearc-daraich, pl dearcan-daraich, also dearcan m, gen & pl dearcain, and darcan m, gen & pl darcain
• cnò dharaich f, gen cnò-daraich, pl cnothan-daraich
acorn-worm n (Hemichordata) boiteag-dhearcain f, gen boiteig-dearcain, pl boiteagan-dearcain
acotyledon n acotailèadon m, gen & pl acotailèadoin
acotyledonous a acotailèadonach
acoustic, acoustical a fuaim-eòlasach
• fuaimneach
An acoustic guitar, giotàr neo-dhealanta. Acoustic tiles, leacagan bodhara
acoustically adv gu fuaim-eòlasach. The room is acoustically unsuitable, tha an rùm mì-fhreagarrach a thaobh an fhuaim-eòlais
acoustics n 1 fuaim-eòlas m, gen fuaim-eòlais
(familiar) The acoustics of the hall are good, tha èisteachd an talla math
acquaint v tr 1 cuir an cèill do, vn cur an cèill do. We acquainted her with the situation, chuir sinn an suidheachadh an cèill di. I acquainted him with the facts of the matter, chuir mi an gnothach gu h-iomlan an cèill da
• thoir fios do, vn toirt fios do, also thoir fiosrachadh do, vn toirt fiosrachaidh do. We acquainted her with the situation, thug sinn fios di mun t-suidheachadh
2 (a) be acquainted with, expressed with eòlach a air. We haven’t been long acquainted, chan eil sinn fada eòlach air a chèile. Are you acquainted with this area, a bheil thu eòlach air an àite seo
• expressed with eòlach a an prep. Are you acquainted with the stalking ground, a bheil thu eòlach anns an talamh stàcaigidh?
• expressed with is aithne dhut. Are you acquainted with these people? an aithne dhut na daoine seo?
• expressed with fiosrach a mu. Are you acquainted with the situation there? a bheil thu fiosrach mun t-suidheachadh an siod?
(b) become acquainted with someone, cuir aithne air neach, vn cur aithne air neach
make yourself acquainted with something, cuir eòlas air rud, vn cur eòlais air rud
acquaintance n 1 aithne f, also expressed with is aithne dhut. His acquaintance with Donald, an aithne a tha aige air Dòmhnall. He has a long acquaintance with Donald, b’ aithne dha Dòmhnall bho chionn fada
• eòlas m, gen eòlais, also expressed with eòlach a. His acquaintance with Gaelic, an t-eòlas a tha aige air Gàidhlig. He has a long acquaintance with Gaelic, tha e fada eòlach air Gàidhlig. Have you had a long acquaintance with Donald? a bheil thu fada eòlach air Dòmhnall?
make someone’s acquaintance, cuir aithne air duine, vn cur aithne air duine
To make acquaintances, aithne fhaighinn air daoine. You must try to make acquaintances there, feumaidh tu feuchainn ri aithne fhaighinn air daoine ann
2 (persons) neach-eòlais m, pl luchd-eòlais. An acquaintance of mine, aon de mo luchd-eòlais. He has a wide circle of acquaintances, tha mòran luchd-eòlais aige
• eòlach m, gen & pl eòlaich. Seeing old acquaintances, a’ faicinn seann eòlaich
acquaintanceship n 1 aithne f, also eòlas m, gen eòlais
2 (collectively) luchd-eòlais m. He has a wide acquaintanceship in the area, tha mòran luchd-eòlais aige san sgìre. Everyone of her acquaintanceship, a h-uile neach den luchd-eòlais aice
acquiesce v i aontaich, vn aontachadh m (in, ri), also co-aontaich, vn co-aontachadh m (in, ri). He acquiesced in their plan, cho-aontaich e sa phlana aca
acquiescence n 1 aonta m, co-aonta m (in, ri)
2 strìochdadh m, gen strìochdaidh (in, do)
acquiescent a 1 aontach, co-aontach. We were acquiescent in the matter, bha sinn co-aontach ris a’ chùis
expressed with thoir aonta do, vn toirt aonta do. He had a most acquiescent nature, bha e gu mòr na nàdar a bhith a’ toirt aonta (ri rud)
2 strìochdail, comp strìochdaile. The people appeared acquiescent to what was being done to them, bha an coltas air an t-sluagh gu robh iad strìochdail ris na bhathar a’ dèanamh orra
• umhal, comp umhaile
acquire v tr faigh, vn faighinn f, faotainn f. In so doing they will convey information in a variety of contexts and acquire knowledge about language, ann a bhith a’ dèanamh seo bheir iad fiosrachadh ann an caochladh shuidhichidhean agus gheibh iad eòlas air cànain. Listening is the main means by which knowledge is acquired, is ann gu seachd àraidh tro èisteachd a thathar a’ faotainn eòlais. Apply the information acquired from a number of different sources, a’ cur gu feum am fiosrachadh a fhuaras o chunntas ghoireasan eadar-dhealaichte
• faigh seilbh air, vn faighinn seilbhe air. In this way he acquired the estate, air a’ mhodh seo fhuair e seilbh air an oighreachd
• tog, vn togail f. Through language they acquire skills, is ann tro chànain a tha iad a’ togail sgilean. They will acquire knowledge about language, togaidh iad eòlas air cànain. In doing so, additional terms will be acquired, ann a bhith a’ dèanamh seo, togar briathran a bharrachd. The teacher will help pupils acquire words to articulate their feelings, cuidichidh an tidsear a’ chlann gus faclan a thogail leis an cuir iad am faireachdainnean an cèill. Children’s earliest language is acquired, tha clann a’ togail cànain bho thùs. Acquiring writing skills begins in the earliest years, tòisichear aig an fhìor thoiseach air sgilean sgrìobhadh a thogail. Complex structures acquired naturally by pupils, structairean ioma-fhillte a tha a’ chlann a’ togail gu nàdarrach. The policy should recognise that skills acquired in Gaelic may be expected to transfer readily to English, bu chòir don phoileasaidh aideachadh gum faodar a bhith a’ sùileachadh gun gabh na sgilean a thogar sa Ghàidhlig an steidheachadh gu furasta anns a’ Bheurla
• coisinn, vn cosnadh m, also, buannaich, vn buannachadh m. The power which he had acquired over the years, an cumhachd a bha e air cosnadh, a bha e air buannachadh, tro na bliadhnachan
• ionnsaich, vn ionnsachadh m. Skills which the child has already acquired, sgilean a dh’ionnsaich am pàiste cheana
• gabh, vn gabhail m. In which pupils can acquire confidence, anns an gabh a’ chlann misneach
• expressed with thig gu, vn tighinn gu. Teachers will ensure that pupils acquire fluency as quickly as possible, bidh tidsearan a’ dèanamh cinnteach gu bheil a’ chlann a’ tighinn gu fileantachd cho luath ’s a ghabhas
• expressed with fàs, vn fàs m. As pupils acquire experience across a wide variety of forms, mar a tha a’ chlann a’ fàs nas eòlaiche feadh mòran sheòrsachan chruth. She has acquired a taste for it, tha i air fàs dèidheil air
acquire a habit of something, dèan cleachdadh de rud, vn dèanamh cleachdaidh de rud. They acquired a habit of going to restaurants, rinn iad cleachdadh de bhith a’ dol gu taighean-bidhe
acquire a taste for something, fàs dèidheil air rud, vn fàs dèidheil air rud
To acquire a language, cànain a thogail, cànain ionnsachadh. He had acquired Gaelic, and it was frightful, bha e air Gàidhlig ionnsachadh, agus bha i uamhasach aige
acquired a air fhaighinn
• buannaichte, air a bhuannachadh, also coisinnte, air a chosnadh
acquired taste, blas m coisinnte, gen blais choisinnte
They are certainly an acquired taste, gu cinnteach is blas coisinnte iad, gu cinnteach is rud iad air a bheil neach a’ fàs dèidheil tro ùine
As control over these newly acquired skills increases, mar a bhitheas smachd air na sgilean ùra seo a’ dol am meud
acquirement n 1 faighinn f, faighinn f seilbhe air, gabhail m, gabhail m seilbhe air
2 sgil m, pl sgilean. Her acquirements were considerable, bha i air iomadh sgil ionnsachadh
• buaidh f (inntinn), gen buaidhe, pl buaidhean
acquirer n neach-cosnaidh m, pl luchd-cosnaidh, also neach-buannachaidh m, pl luchd-buannachaidh
acquisition n faighinn f
He is obsessed with the acquisition of riches, tha e air a’ bheò-ghlacadh gu bhith a’ faighinn beairteis
• faighinn f seilbhe air. The acquisition of the estate became his main aim, dh’fhàs e na phrìomh amas aige gum faigheadh e seilbh air an oighreachd
(of languages) togail f. Gaining a command of Gaelic is a process involving the gradual acquisition and expansion of knowledge, skills and understanding, gus a’ Ghàidhlig ionnsachadh feumar eòlas, sgilean agus tuigse a thogail agus a leudachadh mean air mhean. An apprenticeship for the acquisition of a third language, oileanachadh airson an treas cànain a thogail. Not least for the acquisition of yet more languages, agus gu h-àraidh gus an tuilleadh ’s am barrachd chànan a thogail
• ionnsachadh m, gen ionnsachaidh. A natural way of contributing to the acquisition of Gaelic, dòigh nàdarrach air a bhith a’ cur ri ionnsachadh na Gàidhlig
acquisitive a sanntach, comp sanntaiche. Her nature was rather acquisitive, bha nàdar caran sanntach aice
• gionach, comp gionaiche. Acquisitive for money, gionach airson an airgid
acquit v tr 1 ìoc, vn ìocadh m. He acquitted the debt, dh’ìoc e na fiachan
2 saor, vn saoradh m (of, o), also saor o chùis, vn saoradh o chùis. She was acquitted of all charges, chaidh a saoradh bhon h-uile casaid. As a result of this he was acquitted, mar thoradh air an seo chaidh a shaoradh on chùis
3 (a) fuasgail, vn fuasgladh m (of, o). Thus was he acquitted of his obligation to them, mar sin chaidh fhuasgladh bhon chomain fon robh e aca
• cuir dhìot, vn cur dhìot. She acquitted herself of her duty to them, chuir i dhi an dleastanas a bha aice dhaibh
(b) giùlain, vn giùlan m. I thought she acquitted herself rather well, bha mi an dùil gun do ghiùlain i i fhèin cuimseach math
• dèan, vn dèanamh m. You’ve acquitted yourself well, is math a rinn thu. You’ve acquitted yourself badly, is olc a rinn thu
• expressed with impersonal voice of faigh. You’ve acquitted yourself well, is math a fhuaras tu, or is math a fhuaireadh thu
acquittal n 1 (law) saoradh m, gen saoraidh, also breitheanas m saoraidh, gen breitheanais shaoraidh. The case resulted in acquittal, ’s e breitheanas saoraidh an deireadh a bha air a’ chùis-lagha
2 coileanadh m, gen coileanaidh. Acquittal of a duty, coileanadh dleastanais
acquittance n 1 ìocadh m fhiach, gen ìocaidh fhiach
2 saoradh m o fhiachan, gen saoraidh o fhiachan
acre n 1 (a) God’s acre, cladh m, gen claidh
(b) pl The broad acres of the Carse, fearann farsaing a’ Chars
2 acair, acaire m & f, pl acraichean. An acre of ground, acair fhearainn. Crofts of four acres, croitean de cheithir acraichean
acreage n acaireachd f, pl acaireachdan
• tomhas m acairean, gen tomhais acairean
acrid a 1 (taste, smell) searbh, comp seirbhe. An acrid smell, fàileadh searbh
• garg, comp gairge. An acrid (tasting) drink, deoch gharg
2 (speech) geur, comp geòire
acridly adv gu searbh, etc
acridity n seirbhe f, searbhachd f
• gèire f
acrimonious n searbh, comp seirbhe, also garg, comp gairge
• neimheil, comp neimheala. The debate became rather acrimonious, dh’fhàs an deasbad caran neimheil
• sgaiteach, comp sgaitiche. Acrimonious words, briathran sgaiteach
acrimony, acrimoniousness n gairge f, searbhachd f, neimh m. He showed them so much acrimoniousness, bha a leithid a neimh aige riutha
acrobat n lùth-chleasaiche m, pl lùth-chleasaichean
acrobatic a lùth-chleasach, comp lùth-chleasaiche
acrobatics n lùth-chleasachd f
acronym n geàrr-ainm m, pl geàrr-ainmean
acropolis n acrapail f
across adv & prep 1 With arms folded across his breast, na làmhan paisgte air a’ bhroilleach
2 (a) tarsainn (plus gen), also tarsainn air. To walk across the street, a choiseachd tarsainn na sràide, a choiseachd tarsainn air an t-sràid. Figures running across the page, figearan a’ ruith tarsainn na duilleig. I went across the field, ghabh mi tarsainn an raoin
• thairis air (plus dat). He went across the bridge, chaidh e thairis air an drochaid
• feadh (plus gen). Across the curriculum, feadh a’ chlàir-theagaisg. An important concept across all four outcomes of language, bun-bheachd cudthromach feadh nan ceithir builean cànain. As pupils acquire experience across a wide variety of forms, mar a tha a’ chlann a’ fàs nas eòlaiche feadh mòran sheòrsachan chruth
from across, o thaobh gu taobh de. Group tasks from across the whole curriculum, iomairt-bhuidhne o thaobh gu taobh den chlàr-theagaisg
(from this side, to the other side) a-null air (plus dat). They are going across (to the other side of) the burn, tha iad a’ dol a-null air an allt. He sent them across the burn, chuir e a-null air an allt iad
• a-null. She didn’t get transport to take her across, cha d’fhuair i còmhdhail a bheireadh a-null i
(from the other side, to this side) a-nall air (plus dat). They are coming across (to this side of) the burn, tha iad a’ tighinn a-nall air an allt
• a-nall. She didn’t get transport to fetch her across, cha d’fhuair i còmhdhail a bheireadh a-nall i
• thall. We shall soon be across, chan fhad is gum bi sinn thall
(b) To lay something across something, rud a chur na laighe tarsainn air rud
To throw a bridge across a river, drochaid a chur air abhainn
(c) To come across a person, a thachairt ri neach, a thighinn tarsainn air neach
3 (a) The distance across, (i) an leud
(ii) fad an turais, fad na bòidse, fad na pasaid
(b) air taobh thall (plus gen). Across the road, air taobh thall an rathaid. He lives across the street, tha e a’ fuireach air taobh thall na sràide
• air taobh eile (plus gen). The schoolmaster used to live in the cottage across the road, bha am maighstir-sgoil a chòmhnaidh san taigh air taobh eile an rothaid
acrostic n acrastaic f
acrylic n aicriolaig f
act1 n 1 (a) gnìomh m, pl gnìomhan, gnìomharan. A just act, gnìomh còir. A kind act, gnìomh coibhneil
(b) (legal) achd f, pl achdan, achdannan. Act of Parliament, Achd Pàrlamaid. The Welsh Language Act should serve as a model for Scottish legislation, bu chòir do dh’Achd a’ Chànain Chuimris a bhith na modail airson lagh a chruthachadh ann an Alba
(c) The Acts of the Apostles, Gnìomhara nan Abstol
2 The act of walking, coiseachd. It was made worse by the very act of walking, rinneadh na bu mhiosa e dìreach leis a’ choiseachd fhèin
In the act of doing something, an sàs ann an dèanamh rud
He was caught in the act, bha e glacte sa ghnìomh, thàinigeas air ri linn na coire
Act of God, (i) gnìomh m Dhè
(ii) rud nach gabh a leasachadh, a tha do-sheachanta
3 (theatre) earrann f, gen earrainn, pl earrannan. In three acts, ann an trì earrannan
act2 1 v tr (a) To act a play, dealbh-chluich a dhèanamh, dealbh-chluich actadh. To act a character, pearsa a chluich. To act a part, pàirt a ghabhail. He acted the part of Hamlet, ’s esan a bha mar Hamlet, ’s esan a chluich Hamlet
He acted the fool, rinn e cleas amadain, bha e a’ dèanamh cleas amadain
(b) He was only acting a part, cha robh sa ghnothach ach cur an ìre. He was only acting, cha robh e ach a’ leigeil air (fhèin)
(c) He acted the part of an honest man, rinn e an gnothach gu h-onarach
2 v i (a) obraich, vn obrachadh m, also expressed with bi ag obair. Pupils will act individually or as editors in writing groups, bidh a’ chlann ag obair air an ceann fhèin no mar eagraichean ann am buidhnean sgrìobhaidh
To act for a person, a dh’obrachadh às leth neach, ionad neach a ghabhail. He acted for me in the matter, dh’obraich e às mo leth sa ghnothach, ghabh e m’ionad sa ghnothach. Which lawyers are acting for her? cò an luchd-lagha a tha ag obrachadh às a leth?
• gnìomhaich, vn gnìomhachadh m, also dèan gnìomh, vn dèanamh gnìomh. He acted according to his principles, ghnìomhaich e a-rèir a phrionnsabal. It is time for us to act, tha e thìde dhuinn gnìomh a dhèanamh
• expressed with cuir an gnìomh, vn cur an gnìomh. To act upon advice, comhairle a chur an gnìomh. Texts containing information on which they have to make decisions and choices, and act upon these, teacsaichean anns a bheil fiosrachadh a dh’fheumas iad co-dhùnadh no roghainn a dhèanamh mu dheidhinn, agus sin a chur an gnìomh
• expressed with dèan nì m or nithean, vn dèanamh nithean. I knew what was right and tried to act accordingly, bha fios agam dè a bha ceart agus dh’fheuch mi ri nithean a dhèanamh a-rèir sin
• expressed with dèan, vn dèanamh m. He did not know how to act, cha robh fios aige dè bu chòir dha a dhèanamh. I thought I was acting for the best, ’s ann le deagh-rùn a rinn mi e
To act as a secretary, obair rùnaire a dhèanamh. His daughter acts as his secretary, tha a nighean mar rùnaire aige
He was acting as head-teacher for the week, bha e a’ riochdachadh a’ chinn-sgoile airson na seachdaine
He acted as a friend to me, bha e càirdeil dhomh. She acted as an advisor to them for some months, bha i grunn mhìosan na comhairleach dhaibh. Their dung acts to fertilise the soil, bithidh am buachar aca a’ mathachadh na h-ùire. The teacher will decide with pupils the main points, and act as scribe, bidh an tidsear a’ suidheachadh leis a’ chloinn air na prìomh phuingean, agus a’ sgrìobhadh às leth na cloinne
• (conduct oneself) giùlain fhèin, vn giùlan fhèin. She acted very well over the matter, ghiùlain i i fhèin glè mhath mun chùis. If a child’s behaviour is causing concern staff will make every effort to find out why the child is acting in such a way, ma bhitheas dragh ann a thaobh giùlan neach-cloinne nì an luchd-obrach a h-uile oidhirp gus lorg carson as ann mar sin a tha i/e ga giùlan fhèin
(b) The pump is not acting well, chan eil am pumpa ag obair ceart, tha rudeigin ceàrr air a’ phumpa. The engine acts as a brake, tha an t-einnsean ag obrachadh mar bhreig
(c) Force acting on an object, fòrsa a’ gnìomhachadh air nì
(d) To act on the brain, a thoirt buaidh air an inntinn
(e) (in drama) cluich, vn cluich m, also bi ag actadh
To act in a play, pàirt a ghabhail ann an dealbh-chluich
acting a 1 (i) gnìomhach
(ii) sealach
Acting manager, (i) manaidsear gnìomhach ; (ii) manaidsear sealach. Lieutenant acting captain, leifteanant a’ gnìomhachadh mar chaiptean
2 (theatre) Acting company, còmhlan actaidh, còmhlan actaireachd
acting n 1 gnìomh m
2 (a) (theatre) actadh m, gen actaidh, also actaireachd f. Acting version, tionndadh airson na h-amharclainn, tionndadh airson actaireachd. An acting version of ‘Hedda Gabler’, tionndadh de ‘Hedda Gabler’ airson actaireachd
(b) To go in for acting, a dhol air an àrd-ùrlar
(c) (familiar) It is mere acting, chan eil ann ach cur an ìre
actinic n aictineach
actinolite n (mineralogy) aictineilit f
actinometer n aictinimeadar m, gen aictinimeadair, pl aictinimeadaran
action n 1 gnìomh m, pl gnìomhan, gnìomharan. Especially songs involving action and repetition, gu sònraichte òrain anns a bheil gnìomh agus atharrais. A man of action, fear ghnìomharan. To suit the action to the word, an gnìomh a chur ris an fhacal
action song, gnìomh-òran m, gen & pl gnìomh-òrain
• expressed with dè mar a thachair. Pupil self- and peer-evaluation will include consideration of the success with which information transfer, and subsequent action, took place, bidh a’ chlann a’ breithneachadh orra fhèin ’s air an co-aoisean agus a’ toirt fa-near dè cho math ’s a chaidh fiosrachadh a lìobhraigeadh agus dè mar a thachair mar thoradh air sin
• expressed with dèan v, vn dèanamh m. This will help pupils to understand the actions of others in situations in school, cuidichidh seo clann gu bhith a’ tuigsinn na bheil càch a’ dèanamh ann an suidhichidhean san sgoil. Pupils can come to deeper understandings of characters, their actions and motives, thig clann gu tuigse nas motha air pearsachan agus air dè tha na pearsachan seo a’ dèanamh agus dè tha gan gluasad
bring, set, into action, cuir an gnìomh, vn cur an gnìomh. He brought the law into action, chuir e an lagh an gnìomh
come into action, tòisich air obair, vn tòiseachadh air obair
take action, dèan gnìomh, vn dèanamh gnìomha. If necessary preventative physical action may be taken to avoid the risk of injury to a child, ma bhitheas e riatanach faodar gnìomh corporra bacaidh a dhèanamh gus nach bi cunnart ann gun tèid neach-cloinne a dhochann
• expressed with cuir gu buil, vn cur gu buil. People listen best when the information is of importance to them and when they have to take some action on it, is ann an uair a tha am fiosrachadh cudthromach dhaibh agus an uair a dh’fheumas iad a chuir gu buil ann an dòigh air choireigin as fheàrr a dh’èisteas daoine
Out of action, o fheum
To put something out of action, (i) stad a chur air rud. They put the machinery out of action, chuir iad stad air an innealradh
(ii) rud a chur o fheum. They put the enemy guns out of action, chuir iad gunnaichean an nàmhaid o fheum
2 (deed) gnìomh m, pl gnìomhan, gnìomharan. A splendid action, gnìomh fìor ghrinn. He is not responsible for his actions, chan eil e freagrach air a ghnìomhan
3 (theatre) gnìomhachadh m, gen gnìomhachaidh. Action! gnìomh! The scene of action is in Glasgow, ’s ann an Glaschu a tha suidheachadh an sgeòil
4 (a) gluasad m, gen gluasaid. The athlete’s, horse’s, action, gluasad an lùth-chleasaiche, an eich
(b) obrachadh m, gen obrachaidh. The action of the pump, obrachadh a’ phumpa
5 (law) Action at law, cùis-lagha, gen cùise-lagha, pl cùisean-lagha. To bring an action against someone, an lagh a chur air neach, neach a thoirt gu lagh
6 (military, navy) cath m, gen catha, pl catha, cathannan, also blàr m, gen blàir, pl blàir, blàran. A minor action in the desert, cath beag san fhàsach
• còmhrag m, gen còmhraig, pl còmhragan. A naval action, còmhrag chabhlaich
To go into action, a dhol a chòmhrag. He was killed in action, mharbhadh e an còmhraig. He saw action in Africa, bha e am fianais còmhraig an Afraga. He was put out of action, chuireadh à còmhraig e
actionable a peanasail, comp peanasaile. The matter is actionable, faodar casaid a thogail mun ghnothach
activate v tr cuir a dh’obair, vn cur a dh’obair
activated a grìoste. Activated carbon, carbon grìoste
activation n cur-thuige m, gen cuir-thuige
activation energy, lùth-thòiseachadh m, gen lùth-thòiseachaidh
active a 1 gnìomhach, comp gnìomhaiche. I see that you have been active, tha mi a’ faicinn gu bheil thu air a bhith gnìomhach
• dèantanach, comp dèantanaiche. It encourages the development of all the language components through an active, naturally integrated process, tha e a’ misneachadh leasachaidh air na h-earrainnean cànain uile tro adhartas a tha dèantanach agus a tha air a cheangal ri chèile gu nàdarra
• beothail, comp beothaile. Active brain, eanchainn bheothail. She is very active for her age, tha i glè bheothail de h-aois
• expressed with beò. Active volcano, bolcàna beò. Active permafrost layer, filleadh beò sìor-reothaidh, or breith bheò shìor-reothaidh
• èasgaidh. He’s young and active enough for that work, tha e òg, èasgaidh gu leòr airson na h-obrach sin
• expressed with dian- preceding v. Drama provides a medium for the active exploration of areas of complex meaning, tha dràma na mheadhan air a bhith a’ dian-rannsachadh raointean de thuigse ioma-fhillte
• expressed with sgoinn f. He is always active, tha sgoinn air daonnan. He is still active, tha sgoinn fhathast ann
• expressed with cleachdadh m, gen cleachdaidh. The transition from the relatively latent to the active phase in the immersion process will require sensitivity on the part of the teacher, feumaidh geur mhothachadh a bhith aig an tidsear ann a bhith a’ gluasad na cloinne on ùine a tha caran falchaidh a dh’ionnsaigh cleachdadh a’ chànain
• expressed with eadar-phearsanta. Listening effectively is an active process, is e nì eadar-phearsanta a tha ann a bhith ag èisteachd gu h-èifeachdach
There is an active demand for wool, tha iarraidh mòr, fèill mhòr, air an olainn
2 (grammar) spreigeach. Active voice, guth spreigeach
3 He was an active party to the matter, he took an active part in the matter, bha làmh dhèantanach aige sa ghnothach
4 (military) Active service, làn sheirbheis. On active service, air làn sheirbheis
actively adv gu dèantanach. Pupils learn effectively when they are stimulated, interested and actively involved in the learning process, tha deagh bhuaidh air ionnsachadh na cloinne an uair a tha iad air am brosnachadh, an uair a tha ùidh aca anns na bheil iad a’ dèanamh agus an uair a tha iad an sàs gu dèantanach nan cuid ionnsachaidh
• expressed with làn preceding n. Talk and listening should be actively promoted, bu chòir làn bhrosnachadh a dhèanamh air labhairt agus èisteachd
• expressed with deagh. Pupils should actively consider audience needs, tha còir aig a’ chloinn an deagh aire thoirt do fheuman an luchd-èisteachd
activity n 1 gnìomh m, pl gnìomhan. No learning or teaching activity has these elements tidily separated, chan eil na h-earrainnean seo air an sgaradh gu rèidh ann an gnìomh ionnsachaidh no gnìomh teagaisg sam bith. Any worthwhile Gaelic activity will move in and out of components, bidh gnìomh Gàidhlig sam bith as fhiach an t-saothair a’ gluasad a-mach agus a-steach à earrainnean. The activities associated with these outcomes cannot usually be separated, cha ghabh sgaradh a dhèanamh air na gnìomhan a tha co-cheangailte ris na builean seo. In contexts such as in-service activities, ann an suidhichidhean mar ghnìomhan in-sheirbheis. Teaching and learning in the classroom will involve pupils in a broader range of language activities, cuiridh teagasg agus ionnsachadh anns a’ chlas a’ chlann an sàs ann am barrachd ghnìomhan-cànain. The range of group activities will now include structured situations, bidh na seòrsachan ghnìomhan a thathar a’ dèanamh ann am buidhnean a-nis a’ gabhail a-staigh suidhichidhean òrdaichte. Pupils should be helped to make discoveries for themselves through a range of activities, tha còir gum faigheadh clann cuideachadh gus nithean a lorg dhaibh fhèin le bhith an sàs ann an caochladh ghnìomhan
• gnìomh-cluiche m, gen gnìomha-chluiche, pl gnìomhan-cluiche. Activities and the use of play equipment offer children opportunities to develop in an environment free from prejudice and discrimination, tha gnìomhan-cluiche agus a bhith a’ cleachdadh stuth-chluiche a’ cur an tairgse cloinne chothroman air fàs ann an àrainneachd saor o chlaon-bhàidh agus o lethbhreith
• uidheam-ghnìomha f, gen uidheim-gnìomha, pl uidheaman-gnìomha. No running in the group, when the activities are out, cha cheadaichear ruith sa bhuidhinn, nuair a tha na h-uidheaman-gnìomha a-muigh
• gnìomhachd f. These rocks have been affected by volcanic activity, tha buaidh air a bhith aig gnìomhachd bholcànach air na creagan seo
• obair f, gen obrach. Group activity, obair buidhne. One-to-one activity, obair aon-ri-aon. Though the intention of the activity may be the teaching of reading or writing, ged as e teagasg leughaidh no sgrìobhaidh a dh’fhaodadh a bhith air cùl na h-obrach. Respond by contributing, with support, to the purpose of the activity, a’ freagairt, le taice, gu h-iomchaidh ri adhbhar na h-obrach. Through practical activity in a real situation, tro obair ghnìomhaich ann an suidheachadh da-rìreabh. Gaelic activities in schools will have the following purposes, bidh na h-adhbhair a leanas aig obair na Gàidhlig anns na sgoiltean. Opportunities to talk together will occur in class activities, bidh cothrom ann a bhith a’ bruidhinn còmhla ann an obair a’ chlas
• iomairt f, pl iomairtean. Such activities may also provide opportunities to explore texts, tha iomairtean den t-seòrsa seo cuideachd a’ toirt cothroim a bhith a’ rannsachadh theacsaichean. The activity of reading should take place in an appropriate context, bu chòir do leughadh, mar iomairt, a bhith a’ dol air adhart ann an suidheachadh freagarrach
• obair f, gen obrach. Agricultural activities, obair àiteachais
• expressed with nì m, pl nithean (a tha a’ dol, anns a bheil … an sàs). Most pupils will respond readily to class activities, gabhaidh a’ chuid mhòr de chloinn gu deònach ri nithean a tha a’ dol anns a’ chlas. Simple instructions concerning activities and classroom management, seòladh sìmplidh mu nithean a tha a’ dol anns an rum-theagaisg agus mu riaghladh a’ chlas. A natural way of developing pupils’ own out-of-school interests and activities, dòigh nàdarrach air a bhith ag adhartachadh nithean taobh a-muigh na sgoile anns a bheil ùidh aig cloinn agus anns a bheil iad an sàs
• expressed with bi a’ dol (air adhart). Reading aloud should be an every-day class activity, tha còir aig leughadh a-mach a bhith a’ dol gu làitheil anns a’ chlas. The normal activities of a busy classroom provide many real opportunities for pupils to convey information, tha iomadach fìor chothrom anns na bheil a’ dol gu làitheil ann an clas trang do chloinn a bhith a’ cur fiosrachaidh an cèill. Ensure all pupils participate fully in classroom activity, dèanamh cinnteach gu bheil a’ chlann air fad a’ gabhail pàirt gu h-iomlan anns na bheil a’ dol air adhart anns an rum-theagaisg
I don’t see any sign of activity in the house, chan eil mi faicinn coltas dad a bhith a’ tachairt san taigh
• drip f. What a lot of activity there is here, dè an drip a tha seo. The activity of a large town, drip baile mhòir. The place was a hive of activity, bha fìor dhrip air feadh an àite, bha an t-àite trang dha-rìribh
written activity, gnìomh-sgrìobhaidh m, pl gnìomhan-sgrìobhaidh. Written activities may follow from discussions, faodaidh gnìomhan-sgrìobhaidh fàs à gnìomhan beachdachaidh
2 pl Spare time activities, cur-seachadan
actor n (a) actair m, pl actairean. Tragic actor, actair ann an traidseadaidh. Film actor, actair ann am filmichean
• cleasaiche m, pl cleasaichean
(b) The chief actor in this event, an neach a bu mhotha aig an robh làmh sa ghnothach seo
actress n ban-actair f, pl ban-actairean, also bana-chleasaiche f, pl bana-chleasaichean
actual a 1 dearbh. The actual time he arrived, an dearbh àm a ràinig e
• fìor. The actual figures show there to have been a loss, tha na figearan fìor a’ sealltainn gu robh call ann. Take an actual case, smaoinich air eisimpleir fìor
• riochdail, comp riochdaile. This is an actual example of it, ’s e eisimpleir riochdail dheth a tha seo
• expressed with fhèin. He gave the actual dates it had happened, dh’innis e na cinn latha fhèin air an do thachair e. Explicit teaching will address the needs of pupils but will be subordinate to actual writing activities, faodaidh teagasg follaiseach coinneachadh ri feuman na cloinne, ach bheir gnìomhan sgrìobhaidh fhèin bàrr air teagasg
It is an actual fact, chan eil facal brèige ann. In actual fact, mar a tha a’ chùis
2 The actual position of affairs, an suidheachadh a tha air a’ ghnothach an-dràsta
3 Actual grace, gràs gnìomha. Actual sin, peacadh gnìomha
actually adv 1 (a) gu fìor, gu dearbh, gu riochdail
• ann an da-rìreabh. By comparing the original aims with what pupils actually attain in relation to the targets, le bhith a’ dèanamh coimeas eadar na h-amasan a bha ann an toiseach agus na bheil na sgoilearan a’ coileanadh ann an da-rìreabh fa chomhair nan cuimsean
(b) cheana. There is actually such a word as it, tha a leithid a dh’fhacal ann ris cheana
• expressed with fhèin. I think the new tax will actually affect Mr Macdonald, with all the houses he has, cha chreid mi nach ruig a’ chìs ùr air an Dòmhnallach fhèin, leis na tha aige a thaighean
expressed with double neg. John was making out that it was actually a sprain she had, cha robh Iain a’ dèanamh mach nach e snìomh a bh’ aice
• expressed with neg plus ach. Those are actually private things, chan eil an sin ach rudan dìomhair
• expressed with ann. I don’t actually say them in Gaelic, chan eil mi gan ràdh ann an Gàidhlig ann. I doubt whether any of the ministers could actually do Gaelic, bhithinn teagmhach gun dèanadh duine dhe na ministearan Gàidhlig ann
• expressed with grammatical construction ’s e…. I actually prefer it to a glass of wine, ’s e as fheàrr lium na glainne fìon. Rain is actually better for black peat than too much dry weather, ’s e an t-uisge as fheàrr don mhòine dhuibh na cus den tiormachd. She’s as like her grandmother as if she were actually her, tha i cho coltach ri seanmhair agus ged a b’ i bhiodh ann
• expressed with ’s e sin a th’ ann… Our village actually is a nice place, ’s e sin a th’ anns a’ bhaile againn àite brèagha
• expressed with grammatical construction ’s ann… I realised that I’ll actually be short of coal, bha mi cuimhneachadh gur ann a bhios mi gann a ghual. His father went very suddenly, actually outside spreading manure, dh’fhalbh ’athair glè chleibhear, ’s ann a-muigh ag uirsgeileadh. I actually found the door open! nach ann a fhuair mi an doras fosgailte romham!
actually doing, expressed with ann. We’re sitting at the fire, we’re actually doing that today, tha sinn nar suidhe aig an teine, tha sinn ann an sin an diugh
2 an-dràsta, san àm a tha làthair
actuality n riochdalachd, dearbhachd f. The actuality of the situation, riochdalachd an t-suidheachaidh
In actuality, gu fìrinneach, mar a tha a’ chùis
actualize v tr 1 cuir an gnìomh, vn cur an gnìomh
2 thoir cunntas riochdail, vn toirt cunntais riochdail
actuary n actuaraidh m, pl actuaraidhean. Actuaries tables, clàir actuaraidhean
actuate v tr 1 cuir (inneal) a dh’obair, vn cur a dh’obair, also cuir a’ dol, vn cur a’ dol
2 gluais, vn gluasad m. He is actuated by jealousy, ’s e an t-eudach a tha ga ghluasad
• brosnaich, vn brosnachadh m
actuating a 1 Actuating mechanism, uidheam m tòiseachaidh, gen uidheim thòiseachaidh, pl uidheaman tòiseachaidh, also uidheam m gnìomhachaidh, gen uidheim ghnìomhachaidh, pl uidheaman gnìomhachaidh
2 Thoughts that are actuating for an author, smaointean a dhèanadh ùghdar a ghluasad
acuity n gèire f
acumen n gèire f inntinn, also gèire f bhreithneachaidh, gen gèire breithneachaidh
acute a 1 (a) caol, comp caoile. An acute angle, ceàrn f chaol, gen ceàrna caoile, pl ceàrnan caola
(b) Acute accent, stràc m geur, gen stràic ghèir, pl stràcan geura
2 (a) guineach, comp guiniche. An acute pain, pian ghuineach
Acute remorse, dubh-aithreachas
(b) dian, comp dèine. Acute appendicitis, dian aipindicìteas. Acute stage of disease, an ìre dhian aig galar
3 (a) Acute ear, cluas gheur. Acute sight, fradharc geur
(b) Acute mind, inntinn gheur, inntinn gheurchuiseach
acutely adv 1 gu geur, gu biorach. It juts out acutely, tha e a’ stobadh a-mach gu geur, gu biorach
2 gu guineach. I felt it acutely, ghoin e mi
3 gu geur, gu geurchuiseach
acuteness n 1 (of angle) caoile f
2 (a) (of pain, sorrow) meud m
(b) (of disease) dèine. The acuteness of its onset, cho dian, cho aithghearr, is a thòisich e
3 (hearing, eyesight) gèire f
(mind) gèire. His natural talents, in particular the acuteness of his mind, a bhuadhan nàdarrach, gu sònraichte cho geurchuiseach is a bha e
ad (anno domini) ac. 563 ad, 563 ac
adage n seanfhacal m, gen & pl seanfhacail. Old sayings and adages, facail is seanfhacail
• gnàth-fhacal m, gen & pl gnàth-fhacail
adagio (a) adv adagio
• an-mhall
(b) n adagio m
He was walking at an adagio, bha e a’ coiseachd fìor mhall, fìor shlaodach
Adam pr n Àdhamh m. Adam and Eve, Àdhamh is Eubha
Adam’s apple n phr meall m sgòrnain. That will go under my Adam’s apple very well, thèid sin glè mhath fo mheall mo sgòrnain
I don’t know from Adam…, chan eil fios agam fo thalamh. I didn’t know him from Adam, cha robh fhios agam fo thalamh cò bh’ ann
adamant 1 n (a) (archaic : legendary stone) adhmaint f
(b) (familiar) Heart of adamant, cridhe cloiche
2 a He is adamant about it, tha e uile gu lèir daingeann ma dheidhinn
adamantine a adhmainteach
(familiar) He showed adamantine fortitude, nochd e misneach do-chlaoidhte
adamite n (mineralogy) adaimit f
adapt v tr atharraich, vn atharrachadh m. Real models of effective Gaelic whose features they can explore, imitate or adapt to suit their needs, eisimpleirean dligheach de Ghàidhlig dhòigheil a dh’fhaodas iad a rannsachadh no atharrais orra no atharrachadh mar as fheàrr a fhreagras orra fhèin. This later building has in turn been adapted for use as a small sheep pen, chaidh an togalach as fhadalaiche seo atharrachadh a-rithist gu bhith air a chleachdadh mar chrò beag do chaoraich
• ullaich, vn ullachadh m. It will help teachers to adapt their programmes of work, bidh e na chuideachadh do na tidsearan gus am prògraman obrach ullachadh
• dèan freagarrach, vn dèanamh freagarrach. He adapted his language to the occasion, rinn e a chainnt freagarrach don àm
• expressed with ceangail ri chèile, vn ceangal ri chèile. To adapt their mode of listening to their intention in listening, a bhith a’ ceangal ri chèile modh èisteachd agus na tha san amharc aca ann a bhith ag èisteachd
• fàs suas, vn fàs suas (to, ri). He adapted himself to the change, dh’fhàs e suas ris an atharrachadh
adapted a 1 air a ghleusadh. They might be set specially adapted targets related to their specific difficulties, dh’fhaoidte cuimsean air leth a chur romhpa a bha air an gleusadh a rèir nan duilgheadasan sònraichte a tha aca
Adapted to something, (air a dhèanamh) freagarrach do rud. Well adapted for the work, air a dheagh dhèanamh freagarrach don obair
2 Play adapted from the French, riochdachadh de dhealbh-chluich air a toirt bhon Fhraingis
adaptability n freagarrachd f
She showed great adaptability, nochd i deagh chomas air atharrachadh a-rèir an t-suidheachaidh
adaptable a 1 freagarrach
• expressed with dèan freagarrach, vn dèanamh freagarrach. It is easily adaptable for other uses, thèid a dhèanamh freagarrach airson adhbhair eile gu furasta
2 Adaptable person, neach as urrainn atharrachadh a-rèir an t-suidheachaidh, neach so-ghluaiste. Children are so adaptable, tha a’ chlann cho comasach air fàs suas ris an t-suidheachadh sam bi iad. Adaptable mind, inntinn a ghabhas ri gach suidheachadh, inntinn sho-lùbaidh
adaptation n 1 freagarrachadh m, gen freagarrachaidh. This process of adaptation will be informed by…, bidh am freagarrachadh seo fo bhuaidh…. Adaptation pond, lochan freagarrachaidh
• expressed with tomhas m de dh’atharrachadh. The types of activities described in the Programmes of Study will also require adaptations, feumar aig a’ cheart àm tomhas de dh’atharrachadh a dhèanamh air na seòrsachan obrach a tha air an cur a-mach anns na Clàran Oideachaidh
2 riochdachadh m, gen riochdachaidh, pl riochdachaidhean. Film, TV, radio adaptations, riochdachadh air film, telebhisean, rèidio
• ath-riochdachadh m, gen ath-riochdachaidh, pl ath-riochdachaidhean
adapter n 1 (of play, etc) ath-riochdaire m, pl ath-riochdairean
2 (device) freagraiche m, pl freagraichean
add v tr 1 (a) cuir (something to something else, rud ri rud eile), vn cur m. Which continues to add to the discussion, a tha a’ sìor chur ris a’ bheachdachadh. To add someone to the committee, neach a chur ris a’ chomataidh. To add the interest to the capital, an riadh a chur ris a’ chalpa
• meudaich, vn meudachadh m. This news added to our joy, mheudaich an naidheachd seo ar n-aighear
• leasaich, vn leasachadh m
• expressed with an ceann (plus gen). ‘Stiùireag’ is a drink of oatmeal and salt with boiling water added, ’s e tha ann an ‘stiùireag’ deoch de mhin-choirc is salainn le uisge goileach na ceann. Keep on adding to it, bi a’ sìor chur na cheann. Wild thyme and nettle leaf and soda were added to it, and the fox-glove, bha ’m beatanaidh ’s duilleag na deanntaig ’s sòda na ceann ’s an lus-mòr (song)
Added to which, agus cho math ri sin, agus a thuilleadh air an sin
To add to my work, mar nì a bharrachd air mo chuid obrach. To add to my distress, mar nì a bharrachad air m’àmhghar
To add something in, rud a chur san àireimh, sa chunntas
(b) He added that…, thuirt e cuideachd gu…
2 (arithmetic) cuir (to, ri), vn cur m. Add three to four, cuir trì ri ceithir. To add (up, together) ten numbers, deich àireamhan a chur ri chèile
• suim, vn suimeadh m. To add figures, figearan a shuimeadh
His debts add up to a thousand pounds, tha luach mìle not a dh’fhiachan air eadar a h-uile rud
added a an còrr. This gives added point to what was said, tha seo a’ fàgail an còrr brìgh air na chaidh a ràdh
• a bharrachd. Added value, luach a bharrachd
It gives it added rigidity, tha e ga dhèanamh nas rìghne
addendum n (a) As an addendum to what he had said, mar nì a bharrachd air na thubhairt e
(b) (of book) leasachan m, gen & pl leasachain
• foir-lìonadh m, gen foir-lìonaidh, pl foir-lionaidhean
adder n (Vipera berus) nathair-nimhe f, gen nathrach-nimhe, pl nathraichean-nimhe. Adders formerly used to be plentiful here, bha na nathraichean-nimhe pailt an seo roimhe
adder’s-tongue n (Ophioglossum vulgatum) teanga-na-nathrach f
addict n an-dùileach m, gen & pl an-dùilich. Drug addicts, an-dùilich air drogaichean
addict v tr. To addict yourself to something, thu fhèin a thoirt suas do rud. To be addicted to study, a bhith air do thoirt suas do dh’fhoghlam, a bhith fìor dhèidheil air foghlam
To be addicted to alcohol, to drugs, a bhith nad an-dùileach air alcol, air drogaichean
addiction n an-dùil f, gen an-dùile
drug addiction, an-dùil f air drogaichean
To have an addiction to study, a bhith air do thoirt suas do dh’fhoghlam, a bhith fìor dhèidheil air foghlam
addition n 1 tuilleadh m. We were expecting additions to the staff, bha sinn an dùil ri tuilleadh luchd-obrach
• meudachadh m, gen meudachaidh. An addition to the amount, meudachadh air an uimhir
• àrdachadh m, gen àrdachaidh, pl àrdachaidhean. An addition to my salary, àrdachadh air mo thuarastal
• leasachadh m, gen leasachaidh. Three months’ work as an addition to the project, obair thrì mhìosan mar leasachadh air a’ phròiseact
• expressed with pìos air a chur (ri rud). There is a small addition to the house on the east side, tha pìos beag air a chur ris an taigh air an taobh an ear
In addition, a thuilleadh, or a thuilleadh air sin
• a bharrachd, or a bharrachd air sin
In addition to that, a thuilleadh air an sin, a bharrachd air an sin, an cois sin. In addition to being taught in their own right, a thuilleadh air a bhith gan teagasg air an sgàth fhèin
2 (mathematics) cur-ris m, gen cuir-ris. Addition with tens and units, cur-ris le deichean is aonadan
• suimeadh m, gen suimidh
additional a (a) expressed with barrachd m. Additional opportunities for talking and listening, barrachd cothrom labhairt agus èisteachd. The second means by which additional demand can be made on pupils is through independent learning, an dàrna dòigh air barrachd iarraidh air cloinn ’s ann tro ionnsachadh neo-eisimeileach
• expressed with a bharrachd. Additional expense, cosgais a bharrachd. Additional Teaching Qualification, Barantas Teagaisg a Bharrachd. Pupils will require additional time to be spent on talking and listening, cuiridh a’ chlann feum air ùine a bharrachd a chur seachad a’ labhairt agus ag èisteachd. Setting and motives are additional terms which will be used in considering texts, tha suidheachadh agus rùintean nan ainmean a bharrachd a bhithear gan cleachdadh ann am beachdachadh air teacsaichean. By the additional support available in most schools, leis an taice a bharrachd a gheibhear anns a’ chuid as motha de sgoiltean. The essential additional demand between Level E and Standard Grade, na dh’fheumar a choileanadh a bharrachd, eadar Ìre E agus an Ìre Choitcheann
• expressed with an tuilleadh. With additional advice being given, leis an tuilleadh comhairle ga toirt seachad
• expressed with a thuilleadh. The additional comments on the interpretation of levels and targets, na chanar a thuilleadh air mìneachadh ìrean agus chuimsean
• expressed with a bhàrr air seo. Both documents advise an additional 20% of class time, tha gach pàipear dhiubh sin a’ comhairleachadh, a bhàrr air seo, 20% den ùine anns a’ chlas
• expressed with eile. I’ll give you an additional reason, bheir mi dhut adhbhar eile
(commerce) Additional payment, ìocadh a bharrachd
additionally adv a thuilleadh air seo or a thuilleadh air sin, also a bharrachd air seo or a bharrachd air sin
• an cois sin
addle1 a 1 Addle egg, ugh deachaidh, ugh diuchaidh
He is addle-headed, addle-brained, tha e na bhoil, tha e na bhra-cheò
addle2 1 v tr (familiar) cuir troimhe-chèile, vn cur troimhe-chèile, also cuir na bhoil, vn cur na bhoil
2 v i lobh, vn lobhadh m
• rach am mùth, vn dol am mùth
addled a Addled egg, ugh deachaidh
His brains are addled, tha a cheann na bhoil, chaill e a thamail
address1 n 1 (of body, mind) gleusdachd f, cliseachd f
• ealantachd f, sgil m
2 (person, letter) seòladh m, gen seòlaidh, pl seòlaidhean. The addresses on the letters, na seòlaidhean air na litrichean. What is your address? dè an seòladh a tha agad? càite bheil thu a’ fuireach, a’ còmhnaidh?
3 (a) A person of good address, neach a tha teachd an làthair ann ; neach aig a bheil deas-labhairt, neach deas-labhrach
(b) To pay one’s addresses to a lady, brìodal a dhèanamh ri boireannach, cainnt bhrìodalach a chur air boireannach
4 (speech) òraid f, pl òraidean
5 Form of address, a’ ghairm, an tiotal (a bheir thu do neach a’ bruidhinn ris). What is her form of address? dè a’ ghairm, an tiotal, a tha aice?
address2 v tr 1 (letter) cuir seòladh air, vn cur seòlaidh air
• seòl, vn seòladh m (to, gu). A letter addressed to my mother alone, litir air a seòladh gu mo mhàthair na h-aonar
2 (a) To address a prayer to God, guidhe a chur suas gu Dia, tagradh a dhèanamh ri Dia
(b) To address someone, (i) neach a chòmhlachadh
• neach fhàilteachadh, fàilte a chur air neach
(ii) a dhol an cainnt neach. A weaver might address him, dh’fhaodadh breabadair a dhol na chainnt
Were you addressing me? an ann riumsa a bha sibh a’ bruidhinn?
To address oneself to someone, a dhol an cainnt neach
(c) bruidhinn ri, vn bruidhinn ri. To address the crowd, a bhruidhinn ris an t-sluagh. You have to address young people from another island about your own island, tha agad ri bruidhinn ri òigridh à eilean eile mu dheidhinn an eilein agad fhèin
• labhair ri, vn labhairt ri. He addressed the candidate, labhair e ris an tagraiche. When he addresses the House, nuair a labhras e sa Phàrlamaid
• dèan òraid ri, vn dèanamh òraid ri. He addressed the conference delegates, rinn e òraid ris na riochdairean aig a’ cho-labhairt
3 (golf) He addressed the ball, dh’ullaich e e fhèin gu bualadh
4 cuir aghaidh air, vn cur aghaidh air. To examine how Gaelic culture should address the challenges of a changing world a bheachdachadh air mar as còir do dhualchas na Gàidhlig aghaidh a chur air gach dùbhlan a tha saoghal caochlaideach a’ cur air. It increases their confidence in addressing these issues, tha e a’ cur ri am misneachd ann a bhith a’ cur aghaidh air na cùisean sin
• coinnich ri, vn coinneachadh ri. Explicit teaching to groups or class will address the needs of pupils, faodaidh teagasg follaiseach air buidhnean no air clas coinneachadh ri feuman na cloinne
• beachdaich air, vn beachdachadh air. The report addresses several specific issues, tha an aithisg a’ beachdachadh air grunn de chùisean sònraichte
• expressed with thoir aire do, vn toirt aire do. Gaelic must also address the needs of a range of pupils, a thaobh na Gàidhlig, feumar aire thoirt do na tha a dhìth air caochladh sheòrsachan chloinne
To address oneself to a task, a dhol an ceann obrach
address-book n leabhar-sheòlaidhean m, gen leabhair-sheòlaidhean, pl leabhraichean-sheòlaidhean
addressee n seòlaiche m, pl seòlaichean. Name of addressee, ainm an t-seòlaiche. Various addressees, daoine eadar-dhealaichte chun an deach litrichean a sheòladh
adduce v tr thoir, vn toirt f, also thoir air aghaidh, vn toirt air aghaidh. It was adduced as evidence, chaidh a thoirt mar fhianais, chaidh a thoirt air aghaidh mar fhianais. It was adduced as proof, chaidh a thoirt mar dhearbhadh
Aden pr n Protectorate of Aden, Comhairceas Àidin
adenine n adenin m
adenoidal a adanòideach
adenoids n pl adanòidean f pl
adenoma n adanòma f
adept 1 a To be adept in something, at doing something, a bhith deas, sgileil, air rud, a bhith ionnsaichte ri rud a dhèanamh. She’s making them adept at cooking, tha i gan ionnsachadh gu math ris a’ chòcaireachd
2 n He is an adept at it, tha e na mhaighistir air, tha e na làimh eòlaich air, tha e aige air bàrr a chorragan
adequacy n freagarrachd f. Its adequacy was never in doubt, cha robh teagamh riamh ga chur na fhreagarrachd
• leòr f. I have had an adequacy, fhuair mi mo leòr
adequate a 1 expressed with gu leòr. One will assume an adequate amount of time for learning, bithear a’ gabhail ris gum bi ùine gu leòr ann airson ionnsachaidh. Did he get adequate help? an d’fhuair e cuideachadh gu leòr, an d’fhuair e an cuideachadh a dh’fhòghnadh dha?
It is adequate, is leòr e
• expressed with a dh’fhòghnas. And with adequate vocabulary, agus le briathrachas a dh’fhòghnas. There must be adequate toilet and wash hand basin provision, feumaidh goireasan a dh’fhòghnas a bhith ann a thaobh thoileatan agus mhiasan glanaidh-làmh
• expressed with aig ìre iomchaidh. There must be adequate maintenance of premises and equipment, feumaidh càradh an togalaich agus na h-uidheamachd a bhith aig ìre iomchaidh
Adequate reward for his work, luach cothromach a shaoithreach. Remuneration adequate to the work performed, luach saoithreach freagarrach air an obair a rinneadh. Adequate recompense, cuidhteachadh ceart
2 I can find no one adequate to the task, chan fhaigh mi neach idir a tha murrach air, cothromach air, an obair a dhèanamh
adequately adv gu cothromach. He performed the task adequately, choilean e an obair gu cothromach. They were adequately supplied, bha iad air an riarachadh gu cothromach, gu h-iomchaidh
adhere v i 1 (of thing) greimich, vn greimeachadh m (to, ri). It is not adhering to the wall, chan eil e a’ greimeachadh ris a’ bhalla
• lean, vn leantainn m (to, ri). The skate adhered to my fingers, lean an sgait ri mo mheòir. Each group shall adhere to the above statement, leanaidh gach buidheann ris an aithris gu h-àrd
2 (of person) (a) To adhere to a party, a leantainn ri pàrtaidh, a thaobhadh ri pàrtaidh
(b) I adhere to what I said, tha mi a’ cumail, a’ seasamh, ris an rud a thubhairt mi. He adheres to his decision, tha e daingeann na rùn
adherence n 1 (of thing) greimeachadh m (to, ri), gen greimeachaidh
2 (of person) leanmhainn m. Adherence to the party, leanmhainn air a’ phàrtaidh. Your trust was in Janet and not your adherence to the apostles, ’S ann an Seònaid a bha t’ earbsa, ’S cha b’ e d’ leanmhainn air na h-abstoil (song)
• dìlseachd f. His adherence to his principles, a dhìlseachd ri chuid phrionnsabal
The teacher will encourage adherence to the purpose of the task, bheir an tidsear dhaibh misneach gu bhith a’ cumail ri adhbhar na h-iomairt
adherent 1 a It is adherent to the rock, tha e a’ greimeachadh ris a’ chreig, tha e a’ leantainn ris a’ chreig
2 n (in a church) neach-leanmhainn m, pl luchd-leanmhainn. He’s an adherent in the Free Church, in the Free Presbyterian Church, ’s e neach-leanmhainn anns an Eaglais Shaoir, anns an Eaglais Shaoir Chlèirich, a th’ ann. An adherent of Luther, neach a tha a leanmhainn air Luther
adhesion n 1 greimeachadh m, gen greimeachaidh
Adhesion to a party, leanmhainn air pàrtaidh, taobhadh ri pàrtaidh. It depends on their adhesion to the plan, tha e a-rèir mar a leanas iad am plana
2 (medicine) greimean m, gen greimein, pl greimeanan
adhesive 1 a (a) leanailteach, comp leanailtiche
• tàthach, comp tàthaiche, also tàthaidh. Adhesive dressings, ìoc-chòmhdaichean tàthaidh
adhesive tape, teip f thàthaidh, pl teipichean tàthaidh
• sticeanta, steigeanta
(b) (mechanics) Adhesive capacity, comas greimeachaidh
2 n stuth m leanmhainn, pl stuthan leanmhainn
• stuth-tàthaidh m, pl stuthan-tàthaidh. The strength of modern adhesives, an neart a tha aig stuthan-tàthaidh an latha an diugh
adiabatic a (physics) aidiabàtach
adieu 1 int slàn leat, leibh, also soraidh leat, leibh, also beannachd leat, leibh
2 n To bid someone adieu, (a) slàn fhàgail aig neach, beannachd fhàgail aig neach
(b) a dhealachadh ri neach
ad infinitum Latin adv phr gu bràth
ad interim Latin adv phr (law) gu sealach
adipose 1 a sailleach, comp sailliche. Adipose tissue, maothran saille
• reamhar, comp reamhra
2 n saill f, gen saille. The innkeeper’s wife was a mass of adipose, bha bean an òsdair na meall saille
adit n 1 toll-rathad m, gen toll-rothaid, pl toll-ròidean (do mhèinn)
2 rathad m a-steach (gu neach, àite)
adjacency n fagasachd f (to, air)
• dlùthas m, gen dlùthais (to, air)
adjacent a Adjacent angles, ceàrnan fagasach
Adjacent fields, raointean sìnte ri chèile, ri taobh a chèile. Adjacent countries, dùthchannan sa chrìch aig a chèile, dùthchannan a’ crìochnachadh ri chèile, dùthchannan ri taobh a chèile. The two cars were parked adjacent to each other, bha an dà chàr air am pàirceadh ri taobh a chèile
adjectival a buadhaireach. Adjectival phrase, abairt bhuadhaireach
adjectivally adv gu buadhaireach, a thaobh bhuadhairean
adjective n buadhair m, pl buadhairean. Demonstrative adjective, buadhair comharrachaidh, or buadhair sònrachaidh. Numerical adjective, buadhair àireamhach, or buadhair cunntair. Possessive adjective, buadhair seilbheach
adjoin 1 v tr bi dlùth ri, bi ri taobh, bi taobh ri taobh ri. It adjoins my field, tha e ri taobh an raoin agam
2 v i The two farms adjoin, tha an dà thuathanas sìnte ri chèile, ri taobh a chèile. The two crofts adjoin, are adjoining, tha an dà lot an còmhdhail a chèile
adjoining a (a) sìnte ri, ri taobh (plus gen). The land adjoining mine, an talamh a tha sìnte ri mo chuid-sa, a tha ri taobh mo chodach-sa
(b) In the adjoining room, san rum a tha rim thaobh etc, san rum a tha ri taobh an fhir seo
•
adjourn 1 v tr cuir an dàil, vn cur an dàil (gu àm eile), also dàilich, vn dàileachadh m. It was adjourned for a week, chaidh a chur an dàil gu ceann seachdain
• cuir air ath-là, vn cur air ath-là. It was adjourned, chaidh a chur air ath-là
• cuir dheth, vn cur dheth (gu àm eile). It was adjourned till the next day, chaidh a chur dheth chun an ath latha
2 v i (a) (of meeting, etc) The meeting adjourned (until the following week) sguir a’ choinneamh, thàinig a’ choinneamh gu ceann (chun na h-ath sheachdain)
(b) (familiar) To adjourn to a place, a dhol gu àite. We’ll adjourn to the sitting-room, thèid sinn chun an ruim-shuidhe
adjournment n (a) sgur m, gen sguir (de dh’obair)
(b) dàil f, dàileachadh m, gen dàileachaidh. They asked for an adjournment of two days, dh’iarr iad dàileachadh sa chùis airson dà latha
• cur m dheth, gen cuir dheth, also cur m air ath-là, gen cuir air ath-là. The adjournment of the meeting had not been really necessary, cha robh e fìor riatanach gun d’reigheadh a’ choinneamh a chur dheth, a chur air ath-là
adjudge v tr 1 thoir breith air (cùis lagha, etc), vn toirt breith air
2 (predicative) He was adjudged a bankrupt, chaidh fhaighinn na neach-briste. To adjudge someone (to be) guilty, neach fhaighinn ciontach
3 To adjudge a prize to someone, duais a mholadh do neach, a mholadh gun d’rachadh duais a thoirt do neach. He was adjudged worthy of a prize, chaidh a mholadh gu robh e airidh air duais fhaighinn
adjudicate v tr To adjudicate in a case, cùis a rèiteachadh, breith a thoirt ann an cùis
(in competitions) bi nad bhritheamh. Who will be adjudicating this year? cò am britheamh, na britheamhnan, a bhitheas ann am bliadhna?
adjudication n breith f
As a result of the adjudication of bankruptcy, mar thoradh air gun deach (an companaidh) fhaighinn briste
(in competitions) breith f. There were complaints about the adjudication of the competitions, bhathar a’ gearan mun bhreith a chaidh a thoirt air na co-fharpaisean. The standard of adjudication was not high, cha robh mathas na breith (a bha na britheamhnan a’ toirt) aig ìre àrd
Who will be doing the adjudication this year? cò a bhitheas nam britheamhnan, cò a bhitheas a’ dol nam britheamhnan, am bliadhna
adjudicator n (a) britheamh m, gen britheimh, pl britheamhnan
• rèiteachair m, pl rèiteachairean. An independent panel of adjudicators, pannal neo-eisimeileach de rèiteachairean
(b) (in competitions) britheamh m, gen britheimh, pl britheamhnan. There will be three adjudicators this year, bithidh triùir bhritheamhnan ann am bliadhna
adjunct n 1 (a) (person) cuidiche m, pl cuidichean
• co-oibriche m, pl co-oibrichean
(b) (thing) leasachan m, gen & pl leasachain
As an adjunct to the main part of the exhibition, mar nì a bharrachd air prìomh earrann an taisbeanaidh
2 (grammar) co-shnaidhm f, pl co-shnaidhmean
adjunctive a (grammar) co-shnaidhmeach
adjuration n cur m fo bhòidean, gen cuir fo bhòidean
• ìmpidh f, pl ìmpidhean
• achanaich f shòlaimte, gen achanaich sòlaimte, pl achanaichean sòlaimte
adjure v tr 1 (exact an oath) cuir fo bhòidean, vn cur fo bhòidean
2 (entreat) cuir ìmpidh air, vn cur ìmpidh air
adjust v tr 1 (a) atharraich, vn atharrachadh m. To adjust programmes of work, gus prògraman obrach atharrachadh. Pupils will be helped to adjust reading approaches to the different ways information is presented, cuidichear a’ chlann gu bhith ag atharrachadh dhòighean-leughaidh a rèir dhòighean eadar-dhealaichte anns a bheil fiosrachadh ga chur an cèill
(b) rèitich, vn rèiteachadh m. (Insurance) To adjust a claim, tagradh a rèiteachadh
2 (a) To adjust yourself to something, a dh’fhàs suas ri rud, a dh’fhàs air do chleachdadh ri rud
(b) ceartaich, vn ceartachadh m. To adjust a clock, cleoc a cheartachadh
(nautical) To adjust the compass, a’ chombaist a cheartachadh
• cuir air dòigh, vn cur air dòigh, also cuir air ghleus, vn cur air ghleus. They adjusted the machine, chuir iad air dòigh an t-inneal
(c) He adjusted his hat, shocraich e ad air a cheann. He adjusted his clothing, sgioblaich e a chuid aodaich air fhèin
adjusting a cur m air dòigh, gen cuir air dòigh
• ceartachadh m, gen ceartachaidh
Adjusting screw, sgriubha riaghailteachaidh, sgriubha cheartachaidh
adjustable a (a) a ghabhas atharrachadh, a ghabhas socrachadh
(b) (mechanical engineering) so-atharrach, comp so-atharraiche, also so-riaghailtichte
adjuster n ceartaiche m, pl ceartaichean
loss adjuster, rèiteachair m calla, pl rèiteachairean calla
adjustment n 1 atharrachadh m, gen atharrachaidh, pl atharrachaidhean. Any adjustment of policy will mean…, ma bhios atharrachadh ga dhèanamh air poileasaidh tha seo a’ ciallachadh…
• rèiteachadh m, gen rèiteachaidh, pl rèiteachaidhean
2 ceartachadh m, gen ceartachaidh, pl ceartachaidhean. A small adjustment to the scales, ceartachadh beag air a’ mheidh-chothroim
• riaghailteachadh m, gen riaghailteachaidh, pl riaghailteachaidhean. To give a screw an adjustment, riaghailteachadh a thoirt air sgriubha
Some small adjustments were made to the machine, chaidh atharrachaidhean beaga a dhèanamh air an inneal
adjutancy n aidiutanachd f
• dreuchd f oifigich chòmhnaidh, inbhe f oifigich chòmhnaidh
adjutant n aidiutanach m, gen & pl aidiutanaich
• oifigeach m còmhnaidh, gen & pl oifigich chòmhnaidh
adjutant-bird, adjutant-stork n còrr f Innseanach, gen corra Innseanaich, pl corran Innseanach
ad libitum, ad lib Latin adv phr air do thoil, air a thoil, etc
administer v tr (a) riaghail or riaghlaich, vn riaghladh m. To administer a country, dùthaich a riaghladh
• cùm rian air, vn cumail rian air. To administer a place of work, rian a chumail air àite-obrach. He administers the company office, ’s esan a tha cumail rian air oifis a’ chompanaidh
• cuir an gnìomh, vn cur an gnìomh. To administer justice, ceartas a chur an gnìomh
(b) To administer the sacrament to someone, comanachadh, sàcramaid, a riarachadh do neach. To administer a remedy to someone, leigheas a thoirt do neach. To administer an oath to someone, neach a chur fo mhionnan
administration n 1 (a) rianachd f. In administration, ann an rianachd. Office administration, rianachd oifis
• riaghladh m, gen riaghlaidh. Administration of a country, riaghladh dùthcha
(b) (law) riaghailtearachd f. Letters of administration, litrichean riaghailtearachd. Those responsible for administration of the affairs of a minor, iadsan a tha an urra ri gnothaichean mion-aoiseir a riaghladh
(c) cur m an gnìomh, gen cuir an gnìomh. Administration of justice, cur an gnìomh ceartais. Those responsible for the administration of justice, iadsan a tha an urra ri ceartas a chur an gnìomh
• Administration of a remedy, expressed with a bhith a’ toirt seachad leighis
• Administration of the sacrament, riarachadh m, gen riarachaidh, a’ chomanachaidh, also riarachadh m na sàcramaid
2 (colloquial) The Administration, an Riaghaltas m, gen an Riaghaltais
administrative a rianachd. Administrative duties, dleastanasan rianachd. Administrative assistant, cuidiche rianachd
administrator n rianaire m, pl rianairean, also rianadair, pl rianadairean
• neach-riaghlaidh m, pl luchd-riaghlaidh, also riaghailtear m, gen riaghailteir, pl riaghailtearan
administratorship n rianaireachd f
• riaghailtearachd f
administratrix n ban-riaghailtear f, gen ban-riaghailteir, pl ban-riaghailtearan
admirable a ionmholta. They are doing admirable work with children, tha iad a’ dèanamh obair ionmholta le cloinn
• cliùiteach, comp cliùitiche. Admirable deeds, gnìomhan cliùiteach
• ceutach, comp ceutaiche. His wife takes admirable care of him, tha a bhean a’ coimhead às a dhèidh gu ceutach
admirably adv gu h-ionmholta, gu cliùiteach
You carried it out admirably, rinn thu gu ceutach e, rinn thu fìor mhath e
admiral n 1 àrd-mharaiche m, pl àrd-mharaichean
(of fishing or merchant fleet) ceannard-cabhlaich m, gen ceannaird-chabhlaich, pl ceannardan-chabhlaichean. The admiral of the fishing fleet, of the merchant fleet, ceannard a’ chabhlaich iasgaich, a’ chabhlaich mharsantachd
2 (entomology) Red admiral, and white admiral, see sv butterfly n
admiralty n 1 dreuchd f àrd-mharaiche. The badge of his admiralty, suaicheantas a dhreuchd mar àrd-mharaiche
• dreuchd f ceannaird-chabhlaich
2 The Admiralty, An Aimirealachd f, gen na h-Aimirealachd. First Lord of the Admiralty, Prìomh-Mhorair na h-Aimirealachd. Court of Admiralty, Muir-chùirt f, gen Muir-chùirte
admiration n (a) meas m, mòr-mheas m. There was great admiration locally for the doctor, bha meas mòr sa sgìre air an dotair. They had great admiration for the minister, bha mòr-mheas aca air a’ mhinistear
• moladh m, gen molaidh. I was struck with admiration for it, cha b’ urrainn dhomh gun a mholadh, dh’fheumainn moladh a dhèanamh air. He cried out in (sheer) admiration, ghlaodh e a-mach le meud a mholaidh, leig e gàir molta às
He had great admiration for her, bha e a’ saoilsinn mòran dhith, bha e a’ saoilsinn an t-saoghail dhith.
(b) He is the admiration of everyone, tha moladh aig a h-uile duine dha
admire v tr 1 tha meas agad air. I admire the minister, tha meas agam air a’ mhinistear
• bi uasal à. I admire you for what you said today, tha mi uasal asad airson na thubhairt thu an diugh
• saoil mòran de, vn saoilsinn mòrain de. I admired her for that, bha mi a’ saoilsinn mòran dhith airson sin. I admired him very much indeed for that, bha mi a’ saoilsinn an t-saoghail dheth airson sin
• mol, vn moladh m. I admire your management of that affair, tha mi a’ moladh mar a làimhsich thu an nì sin. I’m admiring the card you sent me, tha mi a’ moladh na cairt a chuir thu thugam
She was admiring herself in the glass, bha i a’ gabhail beachd oirre fhèin san sgàthan is taitneas oirre leatha fhèin
2 (familiar) He forgot to admire her coat, cha do chuimhnich e a ràdh gum bu toigh leis a còta
admiring a He gave it an admiring look, thug e sùil mholtach air. He gave her an admiring look, thug e sùil mheasail, spèiseil, oirre
admiringly adv gu moltach, gu measail, le meas, le mòr-mheas
admirer n (a) He is a great admirer of your work, tha meas mòr aige air do chuid obrach
(b) He was an admirer of hers, bha e an geall oirre uaireigin. She has many admirers, tha iomadh fear an geall oirre
admissibility n ceadachalachd f. They raised a question about the admissibility of the evidence, thog iad ceist mun fhianais a bhith ceadachail
admissible a The argument is not admissible, cha ghabhar ris an argamaid sin
2 (law) ceadachail. Admissible as evidence, ceadachail mar fhianais
admission n 1 (a) tighinn m a-steach. Admission policy, poileasaidh tighinn a-steach. For a description of this system see the admissions policy of the pre-school, airson tuairisgeil air an t-siostam seo faic poileasaidh tighinn a-steach na ro-sgoile. Admission fee, cìs thighinn a-steach
(b) cead m tighinn a-steach. How many were given admission? co mheud a fhuair cead tighinn a-steach? Admission £1, cead a-steach £1. Admission free, cead a-steach an-asgaidh
Admissions (eg as heading), cead m tighinn a-steach ; àireamh f tighinn a-steach
2 (a) Admission of proof, an opinion, gabhail m ri dearbhadh, ri barail
It was tantamount to an admission of his being wrong, bha e ionann is a bhith ag aideachadh gu robh e ceàrr. It would be an admission of defeat, b’ e a bhith ag aideachadh gun d’fhairtlich ort etc
(b) (law) Admission of evidence, gabhail m ri fianais
• aideachadh m, gen aideachaidh, pl aideachaidhean. Admission of guilt, aideachadh cionta. To make full admission of guilt, an ciont aideachadh gu h-iomlan
3 (mechanics) leigeil m a-steach, gen leigealach a-steach. Admission of gas, leigeil a-steach gas. Admission pipe, pìob leigealach
admit v tr 1 (a) leig a-steach, vn leigeil a-steach. She admitted him to the house, leig i a-steach don taigh e
• thoir cead do (neach) a thighinn a-steach, vn toirt cead.
‘Admit bearer,’ ‘leigear a-steach an t-iomchaire’
To admit someone to one’s friendship, càirdeas a ghabhail o neach
(b) The windows do not admit enough air, chan eil na h-uinneagan a’ leigeil gu leòr èadhair a-steach
(c) Harbour that admits large ships, cala a tha so-sheòladh aig soithichean mòra, a ghabhas seòladh le soithichean mòra
(d) gabh ri, vn gabhail ri. I admit the truth of what you say, tha mi a’ gabhail ris gu bheil na tha thu ag ràdh fìrinneach. We admit that argument, tha sinn a’ gabhail ris an argamaid sin
(confess) aidich, vn aideachadh m. We admitted that, bha sinn ag aideachadh sin. I admit my guilt, tha mi ag aideachadh mo chiont. It must be admitted that…, feumar aideachadh gu…. I was wrong, I admit, tha mi ag aideachadh gu robh mi ceàrr
• leig air, vn leigeil air. They are not admitting this to the degree you would expect, chan eil iad a’ leigeil seo orra chun na h-ìre a shùilicheadh tu
(e) To admit a claim, a right, a ghèilleadh do thagradh, do chòir. He admitted their claim to take part, ghèill e don tagradh a bha aca pàirt a ghabhail. To admit someone to bail, neach a leigeil fo urras
2 v ind tr It admits of no doubt, chan eil teagamh sam bith ann. It admits of improvement, gabhaidh e a chur am feabhas
admitted a 1 Admitted custom, nòs coitcheann
2 An admitted thief, gadaiche dearbhte
admittedly adv It is admittedly incorrect, aithnichear nach eil e ceart. The country is admittedly in a bad way, thathar ag aideachadh gu bheil an rìoghachd ann an droch shuidheachadh. Admittedly I was once of a different opinion, tha mi ag aideachadh gu robh barail eadar-dhealaichte agam uaireigin
admittance n cead m tighinn a-steach, cead m dol a-steach, cead m a-steach. To give someone admittance, cead (a dhol) a-steach a thoirt do neach
• expressed with leig a-steach, vn leigeil a-steach. He gave them admittance, leig e a-steach iad. He was denied admittance, cha leigeadh a-steach e, cha deach a leigeil a-steach e
They somehow gained admittance, fhuair iad a-steach ann an dòigh air choireigin. It was impossible to gain admittance, bha e do-dhèante fhaighinn a-steach
No admittance, na rachar a-steach, chan fhaodar a dhol a-steach, dol a-steach toirmisgte
admix v tr measgaich, vn measgachadh m
• coimeasg, vn coimeasgadh m
admixture n 1 coimeasgadh m, gen coimeasgaidh
2 (pharmacy) Water with an admixture of alcohol, uisge agus roinn alcoil ann
admonish v tr (a) thoir achmhasan do, vn toirt achmhasain do
• thoir rabhadh do, vn toirt rabhaidh do
• comhairlich, vn comhairleachadh m
(b) To admonish someone to do something, neach a bhrosnachadh gu rud a dhèanamh
admonishment, admonition n achmhasan m, gen & pl achmhasain. He received an admonition from the judge, fhuair e achmhasan on bhritheamh
• rabhadh m, gen rabhaidh, pl rabhaidhean
• comhairle f
admonitory a rabhachail, comp rabhachaile
• achmhasanach, comp achmhasanaiche
adnominal 1 a co-ainmearach
2 n co-ainmear m, gen co-ainmeir, pl co-ainmearan
ado n 1 othail f. With much ado, le mòran othail
• callan m, gen callain
With much ado, le mòran saoithreach. Without (any) more ado, without further ado, gun tuilleadh saoithreach
2 duilgheadas m, gen duilgheadais, pl duilgheadasan
• trioblaid f, pl trioblaidean
I had much ado to manage him, is gann a b’ urrainn dhomh a chumail fo smachd
adobe n adòib f
adolescence n òigeachd f
adolescent (a) a òigeanta
(b) n òganach, gen & pl òganaich
adopt v tr 1 (law) uchd-mhacaich, vn uchd-mhacachadh m. The children are adopted, tha a’ chlann air an uchd-mhacachadh
2 gabh ri, vn gabhail ri. The policy was adopted last year, chaidh am poileasaidh a ghabhail ris an uiridh
• cuir an gnìomh, vn cur an gnìomh. All staff must adopt good practice in hygiene and safety, feumaidh an luchd-obrach air fad deagh chleachdadh a chur an gnìomh a thaobh slàinteachais agus sàbhailteachd
• cleach, vn cleachdadh m. Adopt a policy statement on safeguarding the welfare of children, cleachd aithris phoileasaidh air dìon deagh chor cloinne
Capacity for adopting various roles within group discussion, comas air a dhol ann an caochladh riochdan taobh a-staigh beachdachadh-buidhne. Providing them with settings to adopt roles, a’ cur suidhichidhean nan tairgse gus a dhol ann an caochladh riochd
adopted a 1 (law) uchd-mhacaichte. His adopted son, a mhac uchd-mhacaichte. His adopted daughter, a nighean uchd-mhacaichte
2 expressed with cuir an gnìomh. Hygiene measures adopted should be sufficient to prevent the spread of HIV, bu chòir gum bitheadh na dòighean-obrach slàinteachais a thèid a chur an gnìomh gu leòr gus casg a chur air HIV o bhith a’ sgaoileadh
• expressed with a chuireadh air. A range of purposes and examples related to the strand structure adopted in the Attainment Targets, sreath adhbharan agus eisimpleirean a bhuineas ris a’ chumadh iallach a chuireadh air na Cuimsean Coileanaidh
My adopted country, tìr mo dhìdein
adopter n (law) uchd-mhacair m, pl uchd-mhacairean
adoption n 1 (law) uchd-mhacachd f. Adoption Act, Achd na h-Uchd-mhacachd
2 gabhail m ri. This led to the adoption of foreign customs, dh’fhàg seo gun deach gabhail ri nòsan coigreachail
adoptive a uchd-mhacaichte
adorable a ion-adhraidh, adhradhail
(familiar) grinn, comp grinne. She is simply adorable, tha i dìreach grinn
adorably adv gu h-adhradhail
• gu grinn
adoration n adhradh m, gen adhraidh. Adoration of God, adhradh do Dhia
(familiar) His adoration for her, an gràdh, an trom-ghràdh, a tha aige dhi, an gaol a tha aige dhi
adore v tr (a) dèan adhradh, vn dèanamh adhraidh
(b) gràdhaich, vn gràdhachadh m, also trom-ghràdhaich, vn trom-ghràdhachadh m. He absolutely adores her, tha trom-ghràdh aige dhi anns gach dòigh, tha fìor ghaol aige dhi
I adore black puddings, is fìor thoigh leam maragan dubha. She adores going dancing, is fìor thoigh leatha a bhith a’ falbh a’ dannsa
adorer n neach-adhraidh m, pl luchd-adhraidh, also adhradair m, pl adhradairean
• neach-gaoil m, pl luchd-gaoil. Her adorers, an fheadhainn a tha an gaol rithe, an fheadhainn a tha an geall oirre
adorn v tr sgèimhich, vn sgèimheachadh
• sgeadaich, vn sgeadachadh m
Writer who adorns his age, sgrìobhaiche a chuireas sgèimh air a linn
adorned a sgèimhichte, sgeadaichte
adornment n 1 sgèimheachadh m, gen sgèimheachaidh, also sgeadachadh m, gen sgeadachaidh
2 loinn f, gen loinne
• maise f
adrenaline n aidreanalain m
Adrian pr n Aidrian m, gen Aidriain
Adriatic 1 a Aidriad
2 n (Muir m) Aidriad, gen (Mara f) Aidriad
adrift adv (nautical) (soitheach) a’ falbh leis an t-sruth, leis a’ ghaoith
To be adrift, a bhith air iomadan, air seacharan. You are all adrift, tha thu (buileach) air seacharan
To turn someone adrift, neach a thrèigsinn, an doras a thoirt do neach
To cut a boat adrift, bàta fhuasgladh, bàta thuanaigeadh, ceann sgaoilte a leigeil le bàta
To cut (oneself) adrift from someone, cùl a thoirt do neach
adroit a 1 làmhach, comp làmhaiche, also deas-làmhach, comp deas-làmhaiche. Adroit at the work, làmhach, deas-làmhach, air an obair
• cluiceanta. She was adroit with her stick, bha i cluiceanta leis a’ bhata
2 clis, comp clise. Adroit cavalry, marcshluagh clis
• cothromach, comp cothromaiche, also comasach, comp comasaiche. Adroit in business, cothromach ann an gnothachas
adroitly adv gu deas-làmhach, etc
adroitness n 1 deas-làmhachd f
2 cliseachd f
adsentential 1 a co-sheantansach
2 n co-sheantans m, pl co-sheantansan
adsorb v tr (physics) ad-sùigh, vn ad-sùghadh m
adularia n (mineralogy) adularia f
adulate v tr bi sodalach ri, also bi brosgalach ri
adulation n sodal m, gen sodail, also brosgal m, gen brosgail
adulator n sodalach m, gen & pl sodalaich, also brosgalair m, pl brosgalairean
adulatory a sodalach, comp sodalaiche, also brosgalach, comp brosgalaiche
adult (a) n inbheach m, gen & pl inbhich. In a group led by a known adult, ann am buidhinn fo iùil inbhich eòlaich. Talks and interviews given by classmates and visiting adults, òraidean is agallamhan o cho-aoisean no o inbhich a bhitheas a’ tadhal. Good examples of the writing of adults, deagh eisimpleirean de sgrìobhadh inbheach
(as modifier) o inbhich. Pupils begin to be much less dependent on adult help, bidh a’ chlann a’ tòiseachadh air a bhith cus nas lugha an urra ri cuideachadh o inbhich. Albeit with some adult assistance, ged as ann fhèin le cuideachadh o inbhich
(b) a inbheach. An adult view of matters, sealladh inbheach air cùisean
adulterate v tr truaill-mheasg, vn truaill-mheasgadh m
• truaill, vn truailleadh m
To adulterate milk, uisge, etc, a chur ann am bainne
adulteration n truaill-mheasgadh m, gen truaill-mheasgaidh
adulterer n adhaltraiche m, pl adhaltraichean
adulteress n ban-adhaltraiche f, pl ban-adhaltraichean
adulterous a adhaltranach, comp adhaltranaiche. An adulterous child, urra m adhaltranach, gen urra adhaltranaich, pl urrachan adhaltranach
adultery n adhaltranas m, gen adhaltranais. To commit adultery, adhaltranas a dhèanamh
adumbrate v tr 1 tarraing (suas), vn tarraing f
• comharraich, vn comharrachadh m. The scheme was adumbrated in this way, bha an sgeama air a chomharrachadh dhuinn san dòigh seo
2 thoir fann-choltas air, vn toirt fann-choltais air
• ro-shamhlaich, vn ro-shamhlachadh m. Noah is adumbrated to us in Prometheus, tha Nòah air a ro-shamhlachadh dhuinn ann am Prometheus
adumbration n 1 dreachd f, pl dreachdan. Adumbration of a scheme, dreachd sgeama
• comharra m, pl comharran
2 fann-choltas m, gen fann-choltais
samhladh m, samhla m, gen samhlaidh, pl samhlaidhean. An adumbration of our passage through life, samhla der slighe tron bheatha
ad valorem (Latin phrase) (commerce) Ad valorem duty, cìs a-rèir luach
advance1 n 1 (a) dol m air adhart
• gluasad m air adhart, gen gluasaid air adhart. To make an advance, gluasad air adhart a dhèanamh
• ceum m air thoiseach. To make an advance, ceum a ghabhail air thoiseach
(administration) Advance in seniority, àrdachadh m, gen àrdachaidh, a thaobh inbheachd
(military) Advance guard, tùs-gheàrd m
Advance party, buidheann-thoisich f, gen buidhne-toisich
(b) In advance (i) air thoiseach. To arrive in advance of the others, a ruighinn air thoiseach air càch, ro chàch
(ii) ro làimh. By discussing in advance the purpose of their listening, le bhith a’ beachdachadh ro làimh air an adhbhar a tha aca a bhith ag èisteachd
ron àm. To pay in advance, ìocadh ron àm. To book a seat in advance, suidheachan a chur sìos ron àm
Advance payment, ro-ìocadh m, gen ro-ìocaidh
• airgead m air eàrlas, gen airgid air eàrlas
(c) (mechanics) Advance of the ignition, luathachadh an adhnaidh
2 adhartas m, gen adhartas. Advances in knowledge, adhartas ann an eòlas, ann am fios
• fàs m, gen fàis
3 To make advances to someone, a dhol an cainnt neach
4 (commerce) (a) ro-ìocadh m, gen ro-ìocaidh. Advance on security, ro-ìocadh air bharantas
(b) (increase in price) daorachadh m, gen daorachaidh
• àrdachadh m, gen àrdachaidh
advance2 I v tr 1 (a) gluais air adhart, vn gluasad air adhart. He advanced a pawn, ghluais e pàn air adhart
(b) thoir air adhart, vn toirt air adhart, also thoir a-steach, vn toirt a-steach. They advanced the date, thug iad a-steach an deat
(mechanics) To advance the ignition, an t-adhnadh a luathachadh
(c) cuir air adhart, vn cur air adhart. To advance a cause, adhbhar a chur air adhart. If I may advance an opinion, ma dh’fhaodas mi mo bharail a chur an cèill
2 (a) thoir air adhart, vn toirt air adhart. Sympathetic assistance in advancing the pupil’s developing skills, taice cho-fhaireachail ann a bhith a’ toirt air adhart sgilean a’ phàiste mar a tha iad a’ fàs
(b) thoir àrdachadh (an inbheachd) do, vn toirt àrdachaidh do
3 meudaich, vn meudachadh m. To advance the value of something, luach rud a mheudachadh
• àrdaich, vn àrdachadh m. To advance the value of something, luach rud àrdachadh
4 (of money) thoir (airgead) air eàrlas, vn toirt (airgid) air eàrlas (to, do). They advanced me the money, thug iad dhomh an t-airgead air eàrlas
II advance v i 1 (of troops) rach air adhart, vn dol air adhart. They advanced as far as the town, chaidh iad air adhart cho fada ris a’ bhaile. He advanced on me (threateningly), rinn e (a-nuas) orm
2 (a) Advancing in age, a’ dol suas am bliadhnachan. Advancing in studies, a’ tighinn air adhart ann am foghlam. The work is advancing, tha an obair a’ tighinn air adhart
(of officers, etc) faigh àrdachadh (ann an inbheachd), gen faighinn àrdachaidh
3 àrdaich, vn àrdachadh m, also rach an àirde, vn dol an àirde. It’s value is advancing, tha an luach aige a’ dol an àirde
advanced a 1 (a) adhartach, comp, adhartaiche. Access to more advanced programmes of study should be available for pupils who are beyond Level E, tha còir cothrom a thoirt do chlann a tha seachad air Ìre E air prògraman obrach nas adhartaiche. The most advanced level of attainment, an ìre choileanaidh as adhartaiche. He holds very advanced ideas, tha e glè adhartach na bheachdan
Advanced studies, foghlam m adhartach, gen foghlaim adhartaich, also àrd-fhoghlam m, gen àrd-fhoghlaim
Advanced guard, geàrd-toisich m, gen geàrda-thoisich
Advanced in years, suas ann am bliadhnachan
(b) Advanced Latin, Laideann aig àrd-ìre. Advanced students, sgoilearan, oileanaich, (a tha am foghlam) aig àrd-ìre
2 The night is advanced, tha e fada den oidhche. The season is advanced, tha an ràith, an sèasan, fada air adhart, fada troimhe
3 Advanced cost, cosgais f àrdaichte
advancement n àrdachadh m, gen àrdachaidh. Advancement in rank, àrdachadh ann an inbhe
• leasachadh m, gen leasachaidh. An advancement in the situation, leasachadh air an t-suidheachadh
(law) ro-shocrachadh m, gen ro-shocrachaidh. An advancement made for the children, ro-shocrachadh a rinneadh don chloinn
advantage1 n 1 buannachd f, pl buannachdan. The advantage of the rigs was that they allowed areas of thin soil to be deepened, ’s e a’ bhuannachd a bha ann am feannagan gum faodadh an ùir ann an àiteachan far nach robh i ach tana a bhith air a dèanamh na bu doimhne. The advantages of bilingualism should have an important place in teaching and learning, bu chòir àite cudthromach a bhith aig na buannachdan a tha an cois dà-chànanais ann an teagasg ’s ann an ionnsachadh. I gained little advantage from it, ’s e beag bhuannachd a fhuair mi às
• tairbhe f. I gained little advantage from it, ’s e beag thairbhe a fhuair mi às. What advantage is it to you? dè an tairbhe a th’ agad às?
• leas m. He turned it to advantage, chuir e a chum a leas fhèin e. It is to your own advantage, ’s ann airson do leas fhèin a tha e
• sochair f. That is no advantage to me, cha sochair sam bith sin dhomhsa. The thing turned out to his advantage, chaidh an rud air sochair dha
• expressed with feumail a. To record pupils’ performances on tape, where possible, will be an advantage, far an gabh a dhèanamh, bidh e feumail obair na cloinne a chlàradh air teip
gain, get, the advantage of, over, (someone), faigh làmh an uachdar air (neach), vn faighinn làmh an uachdar air
have the advantage of, over, (someone), tha làmh an uachdar agad air (neach). So I had the advantage of him, a-rèiste bha làmh an uachdar agam air
• tha an cothrom agad air (neach). You have the advantage of him, tha an cothrom agad air
take (unfair) advantage of (someone), gabh brath air (neach), vn gabhail brath air. He took advantage of me, ghabh e brath orm
take advantage of (something), gabh cothrom air (rud), vn gabhail cothroim air. To take advantage of employment opportunities, gus cothrom a ghabhail air na cothroman cosnaidh. To take full advantage of gaelic dialects, a’ gabhail làn chothroim air dualchainntean na gàidhlig. The plants growing here are taking advantage of the soils enriched by previous settlers, tha na lusan a tha a’ fàs an seo a’ gabhail cothroim air ùir a chaidh a mhathachadh leis an luchd-tuineachaidh a bha ann roimhe
He has the advantage of youth, tha an òige aige
To the best advantage, cho math ’s a ghabhas
• san dòigh as fheàrr. He executed the deal to the best advantage, rinn e am bargan san dòigh as fheàrr a b’ urrainn dha, rinn e am bargan a b’ fheàrr a b’ urrainn dha dhèanamh
To show of something to (the best) advantage, an taobh as fheàrr de rud a shealltainn
You might with advantage apply to…, dh’fhaodadh gur fiach dhut iarrtas a chur gu…
(tennis) buannachd f
2 Mechanical advantage, buannachd f inneil
advantage2 v tr expressed with bi na bhuannachd do, bi buannachdail do. It advantaged him considerably, bha e na bhuannachd mhòr dha, bha e gu math buannachdail dha
• leasaich, vn leasachadh m. It advantaged the situation considerably, leasaich e an suidheachadh gu mòr
advantaged a leasaichte
expressed with bho shealladh cothroim. The school will review its options for these advantaged and disadvantaged pupils, bidh an sgoil a’ breithneachadh air a cuid roghainnean airson na cloinne seo, bho shealladh cothroim agus anacothroim
advantageous a buannachdail, comp buannachdaile (to, do)
• tairbheach, comp tairbhiche
advantageously adv gu buannachdail, etc
advection n tar-ghluasad m, gen tar-ghluasaid
advent n 1 (ecclesiastical) (a) an Aidbheint f, gen na h-Aidbheint. Advent Sunday, a’ chiad Dòmhnach den Aidbheint
Advent calendar, mìosachan m Aidbheint, gen & pl mìosachain Aidbheint
• mìosachan m Nollaig, gen & pl mìosachain Nollaig
(b) The Second Advent, Ath-theachd an t-Slànaigheir
2 teachd m. The advent of the Normans, teachd nan Normanach
Until the advent of the motor car, gus an tàinig an càr a-mach
adventitious a tuiteamach, comp tuiteamaiche
• teagmhaiseach, comp teagmhaisiche. Adventitious streaks on leaves, strìochan teagmhaiseach air duilleagan
• air thuaiream
adventure1 n 1 euchd m, pl euchdan. Life of adventure, beatha làn euchdan, saoghal euchdach
• driodfhortan m, gen & pl driodfhortain. He told us all his adventures, dh’innis e dhuinn a chuid dhriodfhortan, a chuid sgiorraidhean
• guais-bheart f, gen guais-bheairt, pl guais-bheartan. He was not afraid of adventure, cha robh eagal air ro ghuais-bheart
• tachartas m, gen tachartais, pl tachartasan. You had quite an adventure today, nach ann agad a bha an tachartas an diugh
He had a lot of adventures during the holidays, thachair mòran ris tro na làithean-saora
Adventure games, geamannan dùbhlain
2 (commerce) guais f, pl guaisean
adventure2 1 v tr cuir an cunnart, vn cur an cunnart. We had adventured our lives, bha sinn air ar beatha a chur an cunnart
• cuir an guais, vn cur an guais. To adventure money upon a project, airgead a chur ann an guais air pròiseact
• meantraig, vn meantradh m. We adventured our money, mheantraig sinn ar cuid airgid
2 v i & pr To adventure (oneself) upon an undertaking, a dhùraigeadh air gnothach, ionnsaigh a thoirt air gnothach
adventurer n neach-dùraigidh m, gen neach-dhùraigidh, pl luchd-dùraigidh. The Fife adventurers, an luchd-dùraigidh Fìobhach
adventurous a dàna
• deuchainneach, comp deuchainniche
adverb n co-ghnìomhair m, pl co-ghnìomhairean
adverbial a co-ghnìomhaireil. Adverbial phrase, abairt cho-ghnìomhaireil. Adverbial particle, mion-fhacal co-ghnìomhaireil
adverbially adv gu co-ghnìomhaireil
adversary n (a) nàmhaid m, gen nàmhad, pl nàimhdean
• eascaraid m, pl eascairdean
• cèile-còmhraig m, gen cèile-chòmhraig
• cuspairiche m, pl cuspairichean
(b) The adversary, an t-aibhistear m, gen an aibhisteir
adverse a 1 (a) expressed with an aghaidh (plus gen). We had adverse gales, fhuair sinn gèileachan nar n-aghaidh
Adverse wind, gaoth chinn
(b) nàimhdeil, comp nàimhdeile
(c) mì-fhàbharach, comp mì-fhàbharaiche. Adverse situation, suidheachadh mì-fhàbharach. In adverse conditions, ann an suidheachadh mì-fhàbharach
2 expressed with mu choinneimh (plus gen)
The adverse page, an taobh-duilleig ma choinneimh
adversely adv (a) To act adversely to someone, a dh’oibreachadh an aghaidh neach
(b) To influence someone adversely, buaidh mhì-fhàbharach (a bhith agad) air neach
adversity n cruaidh-chàs m, gen cruaidh-chàis, pl cruaidh-chàsan. He suffered many adversities, is iomadh cruaidh-chàs a dh’fhuiling e
• cruadal m, gen cruadail. The day of adversity, là a’ chruadail
• teinn f, gen teinne. In adversity, ann an teinn
advert v i thoir luaidh, vn toirt luaidh (to, air). In adverting to the subject, ann a bhith a’ toirt luaidh air a’ chuspair
• dèan iomradh, vn dèanamh iomraidh (to, air). I shall now advert to some other matters, a-nis nì mi iomradh air gnothaichean eile
advertise v tr & i (a) cuir sanas, vn cur sanais. To advertise a job, sanas a chur (a-mach) mu obair. The job was advertised in the newspapers, chaidh sanas mun obair a chur sna pàipearan-naidheachd, bha sanas mun obair sna pàipearan-naidheachd. She advertised for a cook, chuir i sanas (a-mach) airson ban-chòcaire
(b) sanasaich, vn sanasachadh m. They do not advertise their products in these magazines, chan eil iad a’ sanasachadh an cuid bathair sna h-irisean seo
• dèan sanasachd mu, vn dèanamh sanasachd mu. In spring they advertised their new range of shoes, as t-earrach rinn iad sanasachd mun sreath ùr de bhrògan. It pays to advertise, is math as fhiach sanasachd a dhèanamh
You needn’t advertise the fact, cha ruig thu leas an sgeul a chur an cluasan an t-saoghail
advertising n sanasachd f. Advertising medium, meadhan sanasachd. Advertising agency, buidheann shanasachd. Advertising manager, manaidsear sanasachd
advertisement n (a) sanas m, gen sanais, pl sanasan. They will have to place an advertisement for the post, feumaidh iad sanas a chur a-mach airson na dreuchd
job advertisement, sanas-obrach m, gen sanais-obrach, pl sanasan-obrach. Looking through the job advertisements, a’ coimhead tro na sanasan-obrach
(b) sanas-reice m, gen sanais-reice, pl sanasan-reice. It was full of drink advertisements, bha e làn shanasan airson deoch
advertiser n neach-sanasachd m, gen neach-shanasachd, pl luchd-sanasachd
• sanasaiche m, pl sanasaichean
advice n 1 comhairle f. The advice offered here, a’ chomhairle a thathar a’ tairgse an seo. Good advice, comhairle mhath. Bad advice, droch comhairle
At, on, someone’s advice, air comhairle neach. He didn’t do it on my advice, cha d’rinn e air mo chomhairle-s’ e
To take advice, comhairle a ghabhail. Won’t you take advice! nach gabh thu comhairle! I don’t think he takes his father’s advice too well, cha chreid mi gun gabh e comhairle athar ro mhath
To take medical advice, barail dotair fhaighinn
To give someone advice, comhairle a thoirt do neach, comhairle a thoirt air neach. To give advice, comhairle a thoirt seachad. The advice I’d give you is not to give the money to any of them yet, ’s e a’ chomhairle bheirinn dhut, gun an t-airgead a thoirt do neach sam bith aca fhathast. I will give you advice, bheir mi comhairle ort, bheir mi a chomhairle ort. He did not follow the advice he was given, cha do lean e a’ chomhairle a chaidh a thoirt dha. It is easier to give advice than to take it, is fhasa comhairle a thoirt seachad na gabhail
To ask (someone) for advice, comhairle iarraidh (air neach)
To act on someone’s advice, comhairle neach a dhèanamh
2 (commerce) Advice note, bileag fhiosa. Letter of advice, litir fhiosa
3 fiosrachadh m, gen fiosrachaidh
• brath m, gen bratha. We have advices from abroad, fhuair sinn brath o chèin
advice-boat n bàta-teachdaireachd m, gen bàta-theachdaireachd, pl bàtaichean-teachdaireachd
advisability n (a) freagarrachd f
• iomchaidheachd f
(b) gliocas m, gen gliocais. I doubt the advisability of it, tha eagal orm nach e an gliocas e
advisable a 1 glic, comp glice. That would be more advisable for them, ’s e sin a bu ghlice dhaibh
It would be advisable to lock the door, b’ e an gliocas an doras a ghlasadh
2 freagarrach, comp freagarraiche. A course not now advisable, dòigh nach eil a-nis freagarrach
• iomchaidh, comp iomchaidhe. An advisable way to proceed, dòigh iomchaidh air a dhol air adhart
It might be advisable to consult him, dh’fhaodadh gum bu chòir comhairle a chur ris
If you deem it advisable, ma shaoileas tu gu bheil e freagarrach, gu bheil e ceart. As shall be deemed advisable by us, a-rèir mar a chì sinn iomchaidh
advisableness n = advisability
advise I v tr 1 comhairlich, vn comhairleachadh m. Both documents advise…, tha gach pàipear dhiubh sin a’ comhairleachadh…. I’m advising you to do it, tha mi gad chomhairleachadh a dhèanamh
• comhairlich do, vn comhairleachadh do. Teachers are advised to make descriptive notes of the pupil’s strengths and development needs, thathar a’ comhairleachadh do thidsearan notaichean a dhèanamh le iomradh air na feartan agus air na feumalachdan fàis aig a’ phàiste
• thoir comhairle do, vn toirt comhairle do, also thoir a chomhairle air, vn toirt a chomhairle air. I would advise you to do that, bheirinn a’ chomhairle ort sin a dhèanamh. Surely your mother advises you to go to church, is cinnteach gum bi do mhàthair a’ toirt a chomhairle ort a dhol gu eaglais
• tairg comhairle do, vn tairgsinn comhairle do. To advise on a situation, comhairle a thairgsinn air suidheachadh
To advise someone against doing something, neach a chomhairleachadh gun rud a dhèanamh, a thoirt a chomhairle air neach gun rud a dhèanamh
I strongly advise you to go, ’s e mo chomhairle dhut a dhol ann
• mol do, vn moladh do. What do you advise me to do? dè a tha thu a’ moladh dhomh a dhèanamh?
• earalaich air, vn earalachadh m air. They advised him not to do it, dh’earalaich iad air gun a dhèanamh
2 To advise someone of something, fiosrachadh a thoirt do neach air rud. We have not been advised of the date yet, cha d’fhuair sinn fiosrachadh air a’ cheann-latha fhathast
II advise v i To advise with someone (i) comhairle iarraidh air neach
(ii) comhairle a chur ri neach
advised a expressed with a dh’aona ghnothaich. This was the advised course he took, seo an cùrsa a ghabh e a dh’aona ghnothaich
He’d be ill-advised to go, cha bu ghlic dha a dhol ann. You’d be well-advised to do it, bu ghlic dhut, bu chiallach dhut, a dhèanamh
advisedly adv 1 a dh’aona ghnothaich. It was no accident, but a thing that he had done advisedly, chan e tuiteamas a bha ann, ach rud a rinn e a dh’aona ghnothaich
2 an dèidh beachdachaidh. It was no whim, but a thing that he had done advisedly, chan e faoideag a bha ann, ach rud a rinn e an dèidh beachdachaidh
adviser, advisor n comhairleach m, gen & pl comhairlich. Gaelic advisor, comhairleach Gàidhlig. Legal adviser, comhairleach lagha. Spiritual adviser, neach-comhairle spioradail
advisory a comhairleachaidh. With the advisory and other professional services, ris na seirbheisean comhairleachaidh agus na seirbheisean proifeiseanta eile
advocacy n 1 dreuchd f neach-thagraidh
2 tagradh m, gen tagraidh
Advocacy of a cause, tagradh airson adhbhair ; taic do dh’adhbhar
advocate1 n 1 neach-tagraidh m, gen neach-thagraidh, pl luchd-tagraidh. He is an advocate in Edinburgh, tha e na neach-tagraidh an Dùn Èidinn. We have an advocate with the Father, tha fear-tagraidh againn maille ris an Athair (scripture)
• tagrair m, pl tagrairean, also tagradair m, pl tagradairean
2 He is an advocate of drug legalisation, tha e airson gum bi drogaichean air an dèanamh laghail. The advocates of free trade, luchd-molaidh na saor-mhalairt
advocate2 v tr tagair, vn tagradh m. He has advocated many causes, is iomadh adhbhar a thagair e
• bi airson. Surely he must advocate free speech, is cinnteach gur ann a tha e airson saorsa cainnte
• mol, vn moladh. That is the course I should advocate, siod an cùrsa a mholainn
advowson n còir f ainmeachaidh, gen còrach ainmeachaidh, pl còraichean ainmeachaidh (do bheathachadh eaglais). The traffic in advowsons has never been prevented, cha deach casg a chur riamh air a’ mhalairt a tha air na còraichean ainmeachaidh do bheathachadh eaglais
adze n tàl m, gen tàil, pl tàlan
Aedile n aidileach m, gen & pl aidilich
Aegean (a) a Aigianach
(b) n Aigian m, gen Aigiain. A holiday in the Aegean, saor-làithean san Aigian
aegirine n (mineralogy) aigirin f
aegis n (Greek myth) sgiath f dhìona, gen sgèithe dìona, also aigis f
Under the aegis of the State, fo chomhairc na Stàite. Under the aegis of various groups, fo sgiath caochladh bhuidhnean
Aeneas Pr n Ainèas m, gen Ainèais
Aeneid Pr n (An) Ainiad f, gen (Na h-) Ainiaid
Aeolian a Aiòlach. Aeolian harp, cruit Aiòlach. Aeolian mode, modh Aiòlach
aeon n aois f, gen aoise, pl aoisean (den domhan)
(familiar) During aeons upon aeons, feadh nam mìltean de mhìltean bhliadhnachan. I haven’t seen you for aeons, chan fhaca mi thu bho chionn fhad an t-saoghail
aerate v tr 1 (a) èadharaich, vn èadharachadh m
(b) (physiology) To aerate the blood, an fhuil ocsaideanachadh
2 To aerate water, uisge èadharachadh, gas a chur ann an uisge
aerated a èadharaichte. Aerated drinks, deochan èadharaichte
Aerated wine, fìon èadharaichte, fìon drithleannach
aeration n èadharachadh m, gen èadharachaidh
aerial 1 a adharail. Aerial railway, càball adharail
aerial photograph, dealbh-camara f adharail, pl dealbhan-camara adharail ; also adhar-dhealbh f, pl adhar-dhealbhan
2 n (wireless telegraphy) (receiving aerial) iadhaire m, pl iadhairean. Receiving aerial, iadhaire glacadaireachd
• aer-ghath m, gen aer-ghatha, pl aer-ghathan
transmitting aerial, crann-sgaoilidh m, gen & pl croinn-sgaoilidh. These new channels will be received through the presently existing transmitting aerials, gheibhear na sianalan ùra seo tro na croinn-sgaoilidh a tha againn an-dràsta
aerobatics n (aviation and familiar) cleas-itealaich f
aerobic a aireòbach. Aerobic exercise, eacarsaich aireòbach. Aerobic system, seòl, siostam, aireòbach
aerobics n aireòbaich m pl
aerodrome n adhar-dròm m, gen adhar-dròim, pl adhar-dròman
aerodynamic a adhar-dionàmaigeach. The aerodynamic shape of the car, an cruth adhar-dionàmaigeach, an cruth sruth-loidhneach, a tha air a’ chàr
aerodynamics n pl adhar-dionàmaigs f
aero-engine n adhar-einnsean m, gen adhar-einnsein, pl adhar-einnseanan
aerofoil n adhar-foidhl f. The aerofoil of the wing had been computer developed, bha adhar-foidhl na sgèithe air a deilbh le coimpiutar
aerogram, aerogramme n adharagram m, gen adharagraim, pl adharagraman
aerolite, aerolith n dreag-chloiche f, gen dreige-cloiche, pl dreagan-cloiche
• adhar-liot m, pl adhar-liotan
aeronaut n adhar-sheòladair m, pl adhar-sheòladairean
aeronautical a adhar-sheòladaireach
aeronautics n adhar-sheòladaireachd f
aeroplane n plèana f, pl plèanaichean
• itealan m, gen & pl itealain
aerosol n aireosol m, gen aireosoil, pl aireosolan
aerospace n adhar-fhànas m, gen adhar-fhànais. The aerospace industry, an gnìomhachas adhar-fhànais
aerostatics n adhar-stataigs f
Aeschylus pr n Aiscileas m, gen Aiscileis
Aesop pr n Aiseòp m, gen Aiseòip. Aesop’s fables, fionn-sgeòil Aiseòip
aesthete n aistèat m, gen aistèit, pl aistèatan
aesthetic a aistèataigeach, comp aistèataigiche. Aesthetic pleasure, toileachas aistèataigeach
To give satisfaction and aesthetic pleasure, gus riarachadh agus toileachas-inntinn a thoirt seachad
• expressed with ealdhain. Pupils are expected to appreciate the aesthetic effects used in a text, thathar a’ sùileachadh gum bi a’ chlann a’ cur meas air na buaidhean ealdhain a thathar a’ cleachdadh ann an teacsa
• expressed with ann am mothachadh na bòidhchid. Including intellectual, emotional and aesthetic development, agus sin a gabhail a-staigh fàs ann an tuigse, ann am faireachadh agus ann am mothachadh na bòidhchid
aesthetically adv gu h-aistèataigeach
aesthetics n aistèataigs f
aestival a samhranda
Vernal, aestival and autumnal garlands, lus-chrùintean an earraich, an t-samhraidh is an fhoghair
aestivate v i caidil an samhradh, vn cadal an t-samhraidh
aestivation n cadal m an t-samhraidh, gen cadail an t-samhraidh
afar adv. I saw it from afar, chunnaic mi fada bhuam e. I saw you coming from afar, chunnaic mi a’ tighinn sibh is sibh fad air falbh
afar off, fad às, fad air falbh. When they were still afar off, nuair a bha iad fhathast fad air falbh
affability n suairceas m, gen suairceis. Such good humour and affability, a leithid a ghean is a shuairceas
• fosgarrachd f
affable a suairc, comp suairce. He’s an affable fellow, ’s e gille suairc a th’ ann
• fosgarra. Obliging and affable, èasgaidh fosgarra
affair n cùis f, gen cùise, pl cùisean. Affairs are not too bad just now, chan eil cùisean ro-dhona an-dràsta
• gnothach m, gen gnothaich, pl gnothaichean. A private affair, gnothach dìomhair. That is my affair, sin mo ghnothach-sa. The affairs of this world, gnothaichean an t-saoghail seo
• nì m, gen nithean. I admire your management of that affair, tha mi a’ moladh mar a làimhsich thu an nì sin
Affair of honour, còmhrag f dithis, gen còmhraig dithis
She was having an affair at the time, bha i a’ cumail ri neach eile aig an àm
The house is a poor affair, cha mhòr as fhiach, as fiù, an taigh
It is a sad state of affairs, ’s e gnothach truagh a th’ ann, is bochd an sgeul e
affect1 v tr 1 (a) cleachd, vn cleachdadh m. To affect new fashions, fasanan ùra a chleachdadh
(b) He affects to be an artist, tha e a’ cur an ìre gur e ealantair a tha ann. He affects the high-brow, bidh e a’ cur an cèill gur e duine inntleachdail a th’ ann. He affects big words, bidh e a’ cleachdadh fhaclan mòra
(c) gabh ort, vn gabhail ort, also leig ort, vn leigeil ort. He affects stupidity, gabhaidh e air gu bheil e claon, leigidh e air gu bheil e claon
2 (of animals) tathaich, vn tathaich f
affected1 a (a) (of person, manners) leòmach, comp leòmaiche
• sgòdach, comp sgòdaiche
(b) (feigned) brèige. She showed affected interest, nochd i ùidh bhrèige. He maintained an affected indifference, bha e a’ leigeil air gu robh e coma
affectedly adv gu leòmach, etc
affect2 v tr 1 tha buaidh agad air. How aspects of delivery can affect the success of talk, mar a dh’fhaodas buaidh a bhith aig lìobhraigeadh air mar a shoirbhicheas le labhairt. These rocks have been affected by volcanic activity, tha buaidh air a bhith aig gnìomhachd bholcànach air na creagan seo. The cost of printing affects it, tha buaidh aig cosgais a’ chlò-bhualaidh air. That affected the course of the war, bha buaidh aige siod air cùrsa a’ chogaidh
• thoir buaidh air, vn toirt buaidh air. That affected the whole affair, thug siod buaidh air a’ ghnothach air fad
• buail air, vn bualadh air. The more I think about it, the more it affects me, mar as motha tha mi smuaineachadh oirre, ’s ann as motha tha e a’ bualadh orm. It was after she got home that it affected her, ’s ann às dèidh dhi thighinn dhachaigh a bhuail e oirre. It affects me personally, tha e a’ bualadh ormsa gu sònraichte. That does not affect the matter, chan eil sin a’ bualadh air a’ ghnothach
• innis air, vn innse air. It’s afterwards that it will affect her, ’s ann às dèidh làimhe a dh’innseas e oirre. He was doing too much from the beginning and there was no way it wouldn’t affect him, bha esan a’ dèanamh cus bho thùs agus cha robh rian nach innseadh e air. It has affected me more than I could tell you, dh’innis e orm còrr na b’ urrainn dhomh innse dhut. The climate is affecting his health, tha an aimsir ag innse air a shlàinte. It affected his heart, dh’innis e air a’ chridhe aige
• beir air, vn beireachd air. The cold is affecting the sore part of my arm, tha am fuachd a’ beireachd air an àite a tha goirt nam ghàirdean
• ruig air, vn ruighinn air, also ruig, vn ruighinn. I think the new tax will actually affect Mr Macdonald, with all the houses he has, cha chreid mi nach ruig a’ chìs ùr air an Dòmhnallach fhèin, leis na tha aige a thaighean. The rain hasn’t affected the ground at all, cha d’ràinig an t-uisge an talamh idir
• expressed with freagair, vn freagairt f. I got a blow and it affected my ankle, fhuair mi buille agus bha i a’ freagairt anns an adhbrann. I had stabbing pains in my ear and they affected the side of my neck, bha saighdidhnean nam chluais agus bha iad a’ freagairt ann an taobh m’amhaich, bha saighdidhnean nam chluais agus bha taobh m’amhaich a’ freagairt. I stumbled and it affected my leg from the knee to the ankle, thug mi clìobadh is fhreagair mo chas bhon ghlùin chun an adhbrainn. Every joint that was in my body was affected, a h-uile h-alt a bha nam chorp, bha e a’ freagairt
affect badly, thoir droch bhuaidh air, vn toirt droch bhuaidh air. The matter affected him badly, thug an gnothach droch bhuaidh air
It wasn’t affecting him badly at all, cha robh e a’ sgath air idir
2 drùidh air, vn drùidheadh air. The play affected him greatly, dhrùidh an dealbh-chluich gu mòr air
• meath, vn meath m. She affected each heart, mheath i gach cridhe
I was affected by the sight of it, thàinig reachd orm nuair a chunnaic mi e
affected2 a (a) He is well, ill, affected towards me, tha bàidh, tnùth, aige dhomh
(b) He is affected with the disease, tha an galar air. His lungs are affected (by the disease), tha e anns na sgamhain aige
(c) I was very much affected by what she said, dhrùidh an rud a thubhairt i orm gu mòr
affecting a meathach, comp meathaiche. The children’s cartoon was most affecting, dhèanadh an dealbh-èibhinn a rinn a’ chlann do mheath gu mòr
affectation n 1 cur m an ìre, gen cuir an ìre, also cur m an cèill, gen cuir an cèill
He had such affectation, bha e cho mòr às fhèin
2 leòmachas m, gen leòmachais, also leòm f, gen leòime
affection n 1 mothachadh m, gen mothachaidh. Without affection, gun mhothachadh, gun chàil
To play on someone’s affections, brath a ghabhail air faireachdainnean neach
2 bàidh f, gen bàidhe. They don’t have the same affection for each other, chan eil an aon bhàidh aca ri chèile
• gràdh m, gen gràidh, also gaol m, gen gaoil. He gained her affections, bhuannaich e an gràdh aice. His affection for his children, an gaol a bha aige da chloinn
• spèis f, gen spèise. He didn’t show them much affection at all, cha do nochd e spèis mhòr sam bith dhaibh
He has an affection for her, he feels an affection to her, tha e an geall oirre
He has everyone’s affections, tha deagh rùn gach neach aige. Evil affection, droch rùn
I have no great affection for any of them, chan eil mòran agam mu dheidhinn duine aca
3 (medical) tinneas m, gen tinneis, pl tinneasan. It was an affection of the heart, ’s e tinneas cridhe a bha ann
4 (philosophy : metaphysics) aificsean m, gen aificsein, pl aificseanan
affectionate a bàidheil, comp bàidheile. People aren’t so affectionate towards each other as they used to be, chan eil daoine cho bàidheil ri chèile ’s a bha iad
• gràdhach, comp gràdhaiche, also gaolach, comp gaolaiche. He is a very affectionate little boy, ’s e balach beag glè ghràdhach a tha ann. An affectionate daughter, nighean ghràdhach
• spèiseil
affectionately adv gu bàidheil, etc
Yours affectionately, is mise le spèis
affiance v tr dèan ceangal-pòsaidh ri, vn dèanamh ceangail-phòsaidh ri
affianced a To be affianced to someone, a bhith fo cheangal-pòsaidh aig neach. Affianced couple, càraid a tha fo cheangal-pòsaidh aig a chèile
affidavit n mionn-sgrìobhainn f, pl mionn-sgrìobhainnean. Evidence taken on affidavit, fianais mionn-sgrìobhainn
They have a sworn affidavit (from a person), tha iad air fianais a ghabhail bho dhuine fo mhionnan
affiliate v tr 1 (of a society) To affiliate members, buill a cho-cheangal, buill a ghabhail a-steach (do chomann)
2 To affiliate someone to, with, a society, neach a cheangal ri comann, neach a ghabhail a-steach do chomann. He affiliated himself to the society, cho-cheangail e e fhèin ris a’ chomann, ghabh e mar bhall den chomann
These clubs are all affiliated, tha na clubaichean seo uile cleamhnaichte ri chèile
affiliation n 1 (a) co-cheangal m, gen co-cheangail
• cleamhnachadh m, gen cleamhnachaidh
(b) What are her political affiliations? dè a’ bhuidheann phoileataigeach ris a bheil e ga ceangal fhèin?
2 Affiliation order, òrdugh m athaireachd, gen òrduigh athaireachd, pl òrduighean athaireachd
affinity n (a) spèis f, gen spèise. They had a natural affinity for each other, ghabh iad spèis dha chèile gu nàdarrach. There was an affinity between them, bha spèis eatarra, bha spèis aca dha chèile
• dìlseachd f. The affinity they had for each other, an dìlseachd a bha aca dha chèile
Spiritual affinity, càirdeas spioradail
(b) coltas m, gen coltais, also co-choslas m, gen co-choslais. An affinity in their characteristics, coltas nam beusan
(c) (philology, natural history, chemistry) aifinideachd f
(d) cleamhnas m, gen cleamhnais. Related by affinity, rather than consanguinity, càirdeach a thaobh cleamhnais, agus chan ann a thaobh na fala
• dàimh f (phòsaidh), gen dàimhe
affirm v tr 1 dearbh, vn dearbhadh m. He would affirm that black was white, dhearbhadh e gur e an dubh an geal
• deimhinnich, vn deimhinneachadh m.
2 (law) (a) dearbhaich, vn dearbhachadh m. It is permitted to affirm instead of swearing, tha e ceadaichte dearbhachadh a dhèanamh an àite mionnachaidh
(b) daingnich, vn daingneachadh m
• deimhinnich, vn deimhinneachadh m. To affirm a judgement, breith a dhaingneachadh, breith a dheimhinneachadh
affirmation n 1 (a) deimhinneachadh m, gen deimhinneachaidh, pl deimhinneachaidhean
(b) (law) dearbhachadh m, gen dearbhachaidh. Affirmation instead of swearing, dearbhachadh an àite mionnachaidh
2 (law) deimhinneachadh m, gen deimhinneachaidh
• daingneachadh m, gen daingneachaidh. Affirmation of a judgement, deimhinneachadh air breith, daingneachadh air breith
affirmative 1 a dearbhach
• deimhinneach
(grammar) aontach. The affirmative form, an riochd aontach
He made an affirmative sign, rinn e comhar aontachaidh
2 n He answered in the affirmative, thug e freagairt dhearbhach. The answer is in the affirmative, ’s e freagairt dhearbhach a tha ann
One holds the affirmative, the other the negative, their an darna fear tha, is am fear eile chan eil
affirmatively adv gu dearbhach, etc
affirmatory a dearbhach
affix1 v tr ceangail, vn ceangal m (to, ri)
• tàth, vn tàthadh m (to, ri)
To affix a stamp to a letter, stampa a chur air litir. To affix a seal to a document, seula a chur air sgrìobhainn
To affix a signature to a document, ainm-sgrìobhte a chur ri sgrìobhainn
affix2 n (grammar) leasachan m, gen & pl leasachain
afflatus n spreigeadh m, gen spreigidh. Divine afflatus, spreigeadh diadhaidh
afflict v tr sàraich, vn sàrachadh m
• claoidh, vn claoidheadh m
• dèan leatrom air, vn dèanamh leatruim air
The afflicted, luchd a’ bhròin
affliction n 1 airc f, gen airce. Bread of affliction, aran na h-airce
2 àmhghar, àmhghair m, gen àmhghair, pl àmhgharan, àmhghairean. He looked on my affliction, dh’amhairc e air m’ àmhghar
• doilgheas m, gen doilgheis
• sàrachadh m, gen sàrachaidh. Affliction of spirit, sàrachadh spioraid
3 tubaist f, pl tubaistean
• calldachd f
The afflictions of old age, leatrom na h-aoise
afflictive a àmhgharach, comp àmhgharaiche
• leatromach, comp leatromaiche
affluence n 1 sluagh m mòr, gen sluaigh mhòir
2 pailteas m, gen pailteis. They lived in affluence, bha iad beò ann am pailteas
• saidhbhreas m, gen saidhbhreis
• toic f, gen toice
affluent1 a 1 pailt, comp pailte. Affluent fortune, am fortan pailt
2 saidhbhir, comp saidhbhire. They grew affluent, dh’fhàs iad saidhbhir
toiceach, comp toiciche
He is in affluent circumstances, tha beatha shaidhbhir aige
The affluent society, an comann-sòisealta soirbheasach
affluent2 n (geography) in-sruth m, gen in-srutha, pl in-sruthan
afflux n 1 sruthadh m, gen sruthaidh. An afflux of blood to the head, sruthadh de dh’fhuil chun a’ chinn
2 cruinneachadh m, gen cruinneachaidh
Afflux of strangers, brùthadh mòr shrainnsearan, dòmhlachd mhòr shrainnsearan
afford v tr 1 (a) ruig air, vn ruighinn air, ruigsinn air. Can you afford it? an ruig thu air? I couldn’t afford to buy a car, cha ruiginn air càr a cheannach. It wasn’t easy for me to afford them, cha robh e furasta dhomh ruighinn orra
• expressed with neg plus na phàigheas, na phàigheadh. He cannot afford it, chan eil aige na phàigheas e
I can’t afford it, cha ruig mi air, tha e ro dhaor dhomh
I cannot afford to be idle, cha leig an saoghal dhomh a bhith dìomhain
He can well afford to build a house, ’s ann dha as fhasa taigh a thogail
(b) expressed with is urrainn. We could afford to speak freely, b’ urrainn dhuinn bruidhinn gu fosgailte
I can afford to wait, cha mhisde mi fuireach
Can you afford the time? a bheil ùine gu leòr agad?
2 (give, provide) thoir do, vn toirt do. These trees afforded us but little shelter, is beag fasgadh a thug na craobhan seo dhuinn
afforest v tr coilltich, vn coillteachadh m. An attempt to afforest large areas, oidhirp air farsaingeachd mhòr a choillteachadh
• cuir chraobh, vn cur chraobh. That ground was afforested last year, chaidh craobhan a chur san talamh sin an uiridh
afforestation n coillteachadh m, gen coillteachaidh
affranchise v tr saor, vn saoradh m (o dhaorsa, o dhleastanas)
affranchisement n saoradh m, gen saoraidh
affray n caonnag f, gen caonnaig, pl caonnagan. Many affrays in the glen, iomadh caonnag sa ghleann
• tuasaid f, pl tuasaidean. In the affray, san tuasaid
affricate n (linguistics) aifricead m, gen aifriceid, pl aifriceadan
affront n tàmailt f. To put an affront on someone, neach a thàmailteachadh. To suffer an affront (at the hands of someone), tàmailt fhaighinn (o neach)
• masladh m, gen maslaidh. What an awful affront she suffered, dè am masladh a fhuair i
She took an affront (at it), ghabh i tàmailt (leis), ghabh i gu dona e, ghabh i san t-sròin e
affront v tr tàmailtich, vn tàmailteachadh m. I was affronted, bha mi air mo thàmailteachadh. We were all affronted by her, bha sinn uile air ar tàmailteachadh leatha
• maslaich, vn maslachadh m
affronting a tàmailteach, comp tàmailtiche. It’s most affronting, tha e glè thàmailteach. It was most affronting for her, bha e glè thàmailteach dhi
Afghan pr n 1 Afganach m, gen & pl Afganaich
2 (language = Pashto) Afganais f
Afghan a Afganach
Afghanistan pr n an Afganastain f, gen na h-Afganastain
afield adv (a) (literary) To be afield (of labourer) a bhith san achadh ; (of warrior) a bhith ann an cogadh, a bhith air an fhaiche
(b) on bhaile. They drive their cattle afield, tha iad a’ saodachadh an cuid chruidh on bhaile
Far afield, fad on bhaile, fad air falbh. Farther afield, nas fhaide air falbh, nas fhaide a-mach
afire adv & pred a na theine
To be afire with desire to…, a bhith a’ losgadh le miann gu.
aflame adv & pred a na lasair
To be aflame with colour, a bhith air lasadh le dathan. This rumour set the country aflame, chuir am fathann an dùthaich na theine
afloat adv & pred a 1 (a) air bhog, air snàmh, air uachdar. Is the dinghy afloat yet? a bheil a’ gheòla air bhog fhathast? What remained afloat, a mheud is a dh’fhuirich air snàmh, air uachdar
• air fleòdradh, air fleod. Is she still afloat? a bheil i fhathast air fleòdradh, air fleod?
To set a ship afloat, soitheach a chur air an uisge, soitheach a chur gu muir
Is she afloat or aground? a bheil i air snàmh no air grunnd? Is she afloat or ashore, a bheil i aig muir no air tràigh?
Ann’s house was afloat with the heavy rain that came the other night, bha an taigh aig Anna a’ seòladh leis an tuil a thàinig an oidhche roimhe
(familiar) (of solvency) If he can keep afloat, mas urrainn dha cumail os cionn nam fiach
(b) Service afloat, seirbheis air bòrd soithich. He served afloat, bha e na mharaiche
2 (of rumour) To be afloat, a bhith a’ falbh. This notion is afloat again, tha am beachd seo a’ togail (a chinn) a-rithist
afoot adv 1 To go, come, afoot, a dhol, a thighinn da chois. She came afoot, thàinig i da cois
2 She is early afoot, ’s ann tràth a tha i air a cois
3 What is afoot? dè tha air chois? There is something afoot, tha rudeigin air chois. A plan is afoot, tha plan air bhonn. Their is mischief afoot, tha an t-olc a’ togail
afore adv & prep 1 (nautical) Afore the mast, ron chrann
2 (archaic and dialect) = before
afore-cited, afore-named, afore-mentioned a ro-ainmichte, ro-luaidhte
aforesaid a ro-ainmichte
aforethought a With malice aforethought, le droch-rùn ro-thionnsgainneach
afraid a expressed with tha eagal m ort (or agad) (of, ro). I’m afraid, tha eagal orm. Don’t be afraid of him, na bitheadh eagal ort roimhe. I am afraid of you, tha eagal orm, agam, romhad. He is afraid of me, tha eagal air, aige, romham. She’s afraid of them, tha eagal oirre, aice, romhpa. Neil is afraid of Donald, tha eagal aig Niall ro Dhòmhnall. The dog is afraid of the bridge, tha eagal air a’ chù ron drochaid. Of whom should I be afraid? cò roimhe a bhitheadh eagal orm? I am afraid he will die, tha eagal orm gur e am bàs a bhitheas aige. I am afraid that he will not come, tha eagal orm nach tig e
Do you think he’ll come? — I’m afraid not, saoil an tig e? — tha eagal orm às
To make someone afraid, eagal a chur air duine
He is afraid to do it, cha leig an t-eagal leis a dhèanamh
I’m greatly afraid that the boys have got drunk, is mòr m’ eagal gun do ghabh na balaich daorach (song)
I am not at all afraid that that will happen, is beag m’ eagal gun tachair sin
• expressed with leis an eagal. I’m afraid, tha mi leis an eagal
• expressed with gabh eagal, vn gabhail eagail. Don’t be afraid, na gabh eagal
become afraid, gabh eagal, vn gabhail eagail. He became afraid, ghabh e eagal. They became afraid of him, ghabh iad eagal roimhe
• eagalach, comp eagalaiche. He is afraid, tha e eagalach
• expressed with cunnartach a. I’m afraid they’re not going to come after all, tha e cunnartach nach tig iad cheana. I’m afraid it’s a hard year that’s before us, tha e cunnartach gur e bliadhna chruaidh a tha romhainn. It’s actually going to rain I’m afraid, ’s e an t-uisge a tha e cunnartach a nì e
• expressed with duilich a. I’m afraid I can’t tell you that, tha mi duilich nach urrainn dhomh sin a ràdh riut. I’m afraid she’s out, tha mi duilich ach tha i a-muigh
afresh adv as ùr
• a-rithist
Africa pr n Afraga f
African 1 a Afraganach. African languages, cànain Afraganach
2 n Afraganach m, gen & pl Afraganaich
Afrikaans pr n (language) Afrikaans f
Afro-Asiatic a Afro-Àisianach. Afro-Asiatic languages, cànain Afro-Àisianach
aft adv (stationery) san deireadh
(motion towards) chun deiridh
Aft of the mast, air taobh deiridh a’ chroinn
after I adv 1 (place, order) To come after, a thighinn an dèidh sin. Jill came tumbling after, thàinig Sìleas car mu char na dhèidh. You speak first, I shall speak after, bruidhinn thusa an toiseach, bruidhinnidh mise às do dhèidh
2 (time) I never spoke to him after, cha do bhruidhinn mi riamh ris an dèidh sin. I heard of it after, ’s ann an dèidh sin, an dèidh làimhe, a chuala mi e. He was ill for years after, bha e a’ gearan airson bhliadhnachan an dèidh sin. Soon after, goirid an dèidh sin, an dèidh làimhe. Long after, fada an dèidh sin
The night after, an oidhche an dèidh sin, an oidhche na cheann
II after prep 1 (place) (a) an dèidh or às dèidh (plus gen), also an deaghaidh or às deaghaidh (plus gen)
(forms with personal pronouns) nam dhèidh(-sa), nad dhèidh(-sa), na dhèidh(-san), na dèidh(-se), nar dèidh(-ne), nur dèidh(-se), nan dèidh(-san) ; or às mo dhèidh(-sa), às do dhèidh(-sa), às a dhèidh(-san), às a dèidh(-se), às ar dèidh(-ne), às ur dèidh(-se), às an dèidh(-san)
To walk after someone, a choiseachd an dèidh neach. You might close the door after me, dh’fhaodadh tu an doras a dhùnadh às mo dhèidh. We went after him, chaidh sinn às a dhèidh. Where the strand ends after a few levels, far a bheil iall a’ crìochnachadh às dèidh beagan ìrean
(b) To run after someone, a ruith an dèidh neach. There were so many people after him, bha uibhir a dh’fheadhainn às a dhèidh
(familiar) To be after someone, something, a bhith an tòir air neach, air rud. The police are after you, tha am poileas gad lorg. He knew the police would be after him, bha fhios aige gum biodh na poileis an tòir air
I think they are after her croft, cha chreid mi nach eil an sùil anns an lot aice. The boys are after your apples, tha na balaich an tòir air do chuid ùbhlan
Everybody is after him for hay, tha a h-uile duine ag èigheachd ris airson feur. Weren’t they after him for everything? nach robh èigheamh aca air airson a h-uile dad? They’ll be after him for everything, as long as he’s near them, bidh èigheamh air airson a h-uile sìon, fhad ’s a bhios e nam bun-san
What is he after? (i) dè a tha na cheann? What is she after now? dè a tha i ag iarraidh a-nis?, dè a tha a dhìth oirre a-nis?
(ii) dè a tha e air a thòir?
2 (time) an dèidh or às dèidh (plus gen). To reign after someone, a rìoghachadh an dèidh neach. They arrived after us, ràinig iadsan às ar dèidh-ne. I don’t know where the sheep went after the dipping, chan eil fhios agam càite an deach na caoirich an dèidh an doibidh. Ideas can be shared if, after group discussion, pupils’ opinions are displayed for others to read, faodar iomlaid a dhèanamh air bun-bheachdan ma tha barailean na cloinne air an taisbeanadh, an dèidh beachdachadh orra ann am buidhnean, gus an leugh càch iad. It is after five, tha e an dèidh còig. Kenny is at home till after New Year, tha Ceinnidh aig an taigh gu an dèidh Bliadhn’ Ùr
The teacher can focus on texts before, during and after reading, faodaidh an tidsear a bhith a’ cuimseachadh air teacsaichean mus leughar, fhad ’s a thathar a’ leughadh agus às dèidh làimhe
• an ceann (plus gen). She came back after a week, thill i an ceann seachdaine
• expressed with neg plus gus. All such steps will be taken after consideration of pupil progress, cha dèanar dad de na dh’ainmicheadh an seo gus an tèid beachdachadh air adhartas na cloinne
After this date, on latha seo suas, on cheann-latha seo suas. On and after the first of the month, air a’ chiad latha den mhìos agus on sin suas
The day after the battle, an latha an dèidh a’ chatha. The day after tomorrow, an earair
They entered one after the other, chaidh iad a-steach neach is neach, neach às dèidh neach
He read page after page of it, leugh e duilleagan is duilleagan dheth
Time after time I said it to him, thuirt mi ris e a-rithist is a-rithist
after all, cheana. It was Donald that did it after all, ’s e Dòmhnall a rinn e cheana. I’m going with the post after all, tha mi a’ falbh còmhla ris a’ phost cheana
• aig deireadh gnothaich, mu dheireadh thall
• an dèidh a h-uile nì, an dèidh sin agus na dhèidh
named after, see sv name v tr
3 (order) (a) After you, sir, às ur dèidh-se, a mhaighstir
(b) I put Milton after Dante, is fheàrr leam Dante na Milton
4 (manner) After a pattern, a-rèir ball-sampaill
III after conj expressed with an dèidh do. After he left, I locked the door, an dèidh dha falbh, ghlais mi an doras, also air dha falbh, ghlais mi an doras. I come after he goes, thig mise an dèidh dhàsan falbh. After drafting, pupils can mark possible errors, an dèidh dha dreachdadh a dhèanamh faodaidh am pàiste comharraidhean a chur far am faodadh mearachdan a bhith
• expressed with an uair plus rel. Pupils will engage in a programme which will occur after skills in talking and listening are well established, bidh a’ chlann a’ dol an sàs ann am prògram a bhios aca an uair a tha sgilean labhairt agus èisteachd air an làn stèidheachadh
After close reading and discussion, an uair a tha leughadh mionaideach agus beachdachadh seachad
• expressed with aon uair ’s gu. After the pupils have had experience of variety, aon uair ’s gu bheil a’ chlann air fiosrachadh fhaotainn air caochladh sheòrsachan
afterbirth (of cow) n 1 glanadh m na bà, gen glanaidh na bà
2 salchar m na bà, gen salchair
cast afterbirth v phr expressed with glan, vn glanadh. She hasn’t cast the afterbirth at all, cha do ghlan i idir
afternoon n feasgar m, gen & pl feasgair. It’s going to do an afternoon of rain, tha e a’ dol a dhèanamh feasgar de dh’uisg. The whole afternoon, fad an fheasgair
during the afternoon adv phr am fheasgar. The wind will get strong during the afternoon, fàsaidh a’ ghaoth mòr am fheasgar
good afternoon n phr 1 (greeting) feasgar math
2 (farewell) feasgar math leat (or leibh)
in the afternoon adv phr 1 am fheasgar. I’ll be there in the afternoon, bidh mi an sin am fheasgar
2 feasgar. I’ll see you at four o’clock in the afternoon, chì mi aig ceithir uairean feasgar thu
tomorrow afternoon n phr, adv phr feasgar m a-màireach
yesterday afternoon n phr, adv phr feasgar m an dè
afterthought n ath-smuain f
afterwards adv 1 an dèidh làimhe, or às dèidh làimhe. It’s afterwards that you remember things, ’s ann às dèidh làimhe a chuimhnicheas neach air rud
2 an dèidh sin. I saw her shortly afterwards, chunnaic mi i goirid an dèidh sin
again adv 1 a-rithist, a-rìs. Say that again, can sin a-rithist. When will you come again? cuine thig thu a-rithist? What did you say again? dè thuirt thu a-rithist?
2 uair eile
3 tuilleadh. I don’t know if he will ever come again, chan eil fhios agam an tig e a-chaoidh tuilleadh. Maybe we’ll never meet again, dh’fhaodadh nach coinnich sinn gu bràth tuilleadh
again and again adv phr a-rithist is a-rithist. He said it again and again, thuirt e a-rithist is a-rithist e
as much again n phr 1 (a) uiread m eile, urad m eile. You can put in as much again, faodaidh tu urad eile a chur ann. Half as much again, a leth uiread eile
(b) uimhir f eile, uibhir f eile
2 a cheart uiread m eile
now and again adv phr an-dràsta ’s a-rithist
time and again adv phr uair is uair. I’ve told you time and again, tha mi air innse dhut uair is uair
against prep 1 às aghaidh (plus gen) or an aghaidh (plus gen)
(forms with personal pronouns) (a) (às aghaidh) : à m’aghaidh(-sa), à t’aghaidh(-sa), às aghaidh(-san), às a h-aghaidh(-se), às ar n-aghaidh(-ne), às ur n-aghaidh(-se), às an aghaidh(-san)
They are against that, tha iadsan às aghaidh sin. It’s against the law of the church, tha e às aghaidh lagh na h-eaglais. There was a time they’d have been against that, bha uair a bhiodh iad às aghaidh sin. They’re always against us, tha iad an còmhnaidh às ar n-aghaidh. The day went against us, chaidh an latha às ar n-aghaidh. Is she against your going to meet him? a bheil i às aghaidh thu a dhol na choinneimh? I’m not against them being there, chan eil mi às aghaidh iad a bhith ann
(forms with personal pronouns) (b) (an aghaidh) : nam aghaidh(-sa), nad aghaidh(-sa), na aghaidh(-san), na h-aghaidh(-se), nar n-aghaidh(-ne), nur n-aghaidh(-se), nan aghaidh(-san)
He was against me, bha e nam aghaidh. I think she went against her will, cha chreid mi nach deach i an aghaidh a toil
2 (a) ri (plus dat). Put it against the wall, cuir ris a bhalla e. Be careful it doesn’t push that thing against the wall, feuch mas puisig e an rud sin ris a’ bhalla. Pupils will be encouraged to set their understandings of texts against their own knowledge, misnichear a’ chlann gu bhith a’ co-chur an tuigse air na teacsaichean ris an eòlas aca fhèin
(b) expressed with coimeas ri v phr, vn coimeas ri. A careful audit of existing programmes against this framework, tomhas faiceallach air na prògraman a tha ann cheana, gan coimeas ris na tha sna cuimsean
3 ro (plus dat). Nothing will hold against the spate, cha chùm rud sam bith ron an tuil
4 air (plus dat). He shut the door against me, dhùin e an doras orm. Watching for any opportunity against him, a’ gabhail fàth air
5 ann an (plus dat). Against such a socio-economic background, ann an leithid sin de shuidheachadh sluagh-eacanomaigeach
against which prep phr expressed with gus. The purpose will suggest the criteria against which the content of the talking or writing might be assessed, gheibhte anns an adhbhar na comharraidhean gus measadh a dhèanamh air susbaint na labhairt no an sgrìobhaidh
strongly against prep phr fad an aghaidh (plus gen). They are strongly against that, tha iad fad an aghaidh sin
agaric n (gill fungus, fleshy fungus bearing gills) agairg f, pl agairgean
agaric, fly n (Amanita muscaria) agairg f chuileag, pl agairg chuileag
agate n (mineralogy) agait f
age n 1 aois f, gen aoise, pl aoisean. What age is he? dè an aois a tha e? He thinks age won’t catch up with him, tha e an dùil nach beir an aois air. They are not directly related to age, chan eil ceangal dìreach aca ri aois. He has reached an advanced age, tha e air aois mhòr a ruighinn. He lived to a good old age, fhuair e aois mhath mhòr. She is under the age of driving, tha i fo aois dhràibhidh
2 expressed with beatha f. From as early an age as possible, cho tràth ’s a ghabhas nam beatha
3 expressed with saoghal m, gen saoghail. He lived to a good old age, fhuair e saoghal fada
3 linn f, pl linntean. The Ice Age, Linn na h-Eighe. From age to age, o linn gu linn
come of age v phr 1 thig gu aois, vn tighinn gu aois. When you come of age, nuair a thig thu gu aois
2 thig gu inbhe, vn tighinn gu inbhe
coming of age n phr 1 tighinn m gu aois
2 tighinn m gu inbhe
for ages adv phr 1 (past) bho chionn fhada. I haven’t seen her for ages, chan fhaca mi bho chionn fhad i
2 (past) o chian nan cian
3 (future) gu cian nan cian. I don’t expect her for ages yet, chan eil dùil agam ri gu cian nan cian fhathast
of age adv phr expressed with aois f. Is he of age to drive yet? a bheil e aois dhràibhidh fhathast?
2 inbheach. Are all the children of age now? a bheil a’ chlann air fad inbheach a-nis?
not of age adv phr expressed with neg plus aois f
2 neo-inbheach. He is not of age, tha e neo-inbheach
old age n phr 1 expressed an aois f, gen na h-aoise. Old age doesn’t come alone, cha tig an aois leatha fhèin (proverb)
2 seann aois f, gen seann aoise
same age n phr 1 aon aois. Mary and I are the same age, tha mi fhìn is Màiri an aon aois
2 expressed with co-aoisean pl. Mary and I are the same age, tha mi fhìn is Màiri sna co-aoisean. Mary and I are exactly the same age, tha mi fhìn is Màiri sna ceart cho-aoisean. I think that she and Ann were the same age, cha chreid mi nach robh i fhèin is Anna sna co-aoisean
under-age a phr fo-aoise. Under-age children, clann fo-aoise
2 expressed with fo aois adv phr. Under-age drinkers, òigridh ag òl fo aoise
under age adv phr fo aois. Many of them were drinking under age, bha mòran dhiubh ag òl fo aois
age v i fàs aosta, vn fàs aosta
aged a 1 aosta
2 sean, comp sine
agency n 1 buidheann f, gen buidhne, pl buidhnean
2 cumhachd m and f, pl cumhachdan. From the earliest years the mass media, like other social agencies, exert an influence on pupils’ lives, o thùs an òige tha buaidh aig na mòr mheadhain, mar a tha aig cumhachdan sòisealta eile, air beatha chloinne
3 rud m, pl rudan. They should be examined in their own right as agencies which can have great influence on children’s lives, tha còir an sgrùdadh air an sgàth fhèin mar rud aig am bi buaidh mhòr air beatha chloinne
4 (commerce) cead m reice
5 (a) obair f, gen obrach
(b) obrachadh m, gen obrachaidh. Through the agency of water, tro obrachadh uisge
agenda n clàr-gnothaich m, gen & pl clàir-ghnothaich
agent n 1 tagraiche
2 neach-ionaid m, pl luchd-ionaid
3 obraiche m, pl obraichean. Agent of erosion, obraiche bleithe-talmhainn, or bleitheadair. Chemical agent, obraiche ceimigeach
4 (semantics) obraiche m, pl obraichean
agent mod obraiche
agent noun n phr (grammar) ainmear m obraiche, gen ainmeir obraiche, pl ainmearan obraiche
agglomerate n (geology) creag-ceirtlein f, gen creige-ceirtlein
agglutinate v i co-ghlaodh, vn co-ghlaodhadh m
agglutination n (grammar) co-ghlaodhadh m, gen co-ghlaodhaidh
agglutinative a co-ghlaodhach
aggravate v tr 1 an-tromaich, vn an-tromachadh m
2 meudaich, vn meudachadh m
aggregate n meall m, gen & pl mill
aggression n 1 ionnsaigh m & f
2 bagarrachd f
aggressive a 1 ionnsaigheach
2 bagrach, comp bagraiche
agile a 1 fiuchair. She’s agile, tha i fiuchair
2 sgiolcanta. That was very agile of you, bha sin glè sgiolcanta dhìot
3 subailte. Perhaps I’m not as agile as I used to be, dh’fhaodadh nach eil mi cho subailte ’s a bha mi
4 lùthmhor
agility n sgiolcantachd f. What a show of agility! abair sgiolcantachd!
agitate v tr 1 cuir troimhe chèile, vn cur troimhe chèile. She agitated them, chuir i troimhe-chèile iad
2 gluais, vn gluasad m
agitated a 1 troimhe-chèile. She’s quite agitated about it, tha i gu math troimhe-chèile ma dheidhinn. It’s a bad wind — the sea is agitated with it, ’s e droch ghaoth a th’ ann — tha am muir troimhe-chèile leatha
2 (of cattle) ri mear. When you see the cattle agitated, that’s a sign of bad weather, nuair a chì thu an crodh ri mear, sin agad soighn air an droch thìde
agitation n 1 troimhe-chèile f
2 gluasad m, gen gluasaid
3 luasgadh m, gen luasgaidh
ago adv 1 expressed with o chionn or bho chionn prep (plus gen). A week ago, o chionn seachdain. Seven weeks ago, bho chionn seachd seachdainean. He arrived an hour ago, ràinig e o chionn uair a thìde. She came a little while ago, thàinig i o chionn dreiseig
2 bhuaithe. It’s a little while ago, tha e dreiseag bhuaithe. It’s not so long ago, chan eil e cho fada bhuaithe. I’m sure it’s fifty years ago, tha mi cinnteach gu bheil leth-cheud bliadhna bhuaithe. It’s a long time ago that he first came the way, ’s fhada bhuaithe o thàinig e an rathad an toiseach
3 air ais. Eight years ago, ochd bliadhna air ais. It happened some weeks ago, thachair e beagan sheachdainean air ais
4 expressed with gus. He was there a week ago tonight, bha e ann a sheachdain gus a-nochd. A fortnight ago yesterday, ce-la-deug gus an-dè. A year ago next month, bliadhna gus an ath-mhìos
a long time ago adv phr o chionn fhada
long ago adv phr o chionn fhada
agog pred a 1 togarrach
2 air bhiod
all agog a phr air bhiod
agony n cràdh m, gen cràidh
in agony a phr expressed with a’ cràdhadh. Some are in agony with rheumatism, tha cuid a tha cràdhadh leis an t-sèataig
agrarian a 1 expressed with a thaobh fearainn
2 (a) expressed with a thaobh àiteachais
(b) àiteachais
agree v i & tr 1 aontaich, vn aontachadh m (with, ri). I am not sure that I can agree, chan eil mi cinnteach gur h-urrainn dhomh aontachadh. I don’t agree with you there, chan eil mi ag aontachadh riut an sin. Why did I agree to get involved in it? carson a dh’aontaich mi a dhol an sàs ann? But in the end he agreed, ach mu dheireadh dh’aontaich e. If he would agree to give it to us, nan aontaicheadh e le thoirt dhuinn. He said that it had been agreed to close it, thuirt e gun deach aontachadh le dhùnadh. Pupils and teacher can agree on a checklist or grid which will be used for noting and recording observations, faodaidh an tidsear agus a’ chlann aontachadh air liosta-dearbhaidh no air clèith a bhithear a’ cleachdadh gu bhith a’ gabhail cunntais air beachdan. I agree to make every effort to sell all the tickets supplied to me, tha mi ag aontachadh gun dèan mi mo dhìcheall gus na tiocaidean a bheirear dhomh a reic gu h-iomlan
2 thig gu aonta, vn tighinn gu aonta. We shall just have to agree not to talk about politics, feumaidh sinn dìreach a thighinn gu aonta nach bi sinn a’ bruidhinn air poileataics
3 deònaich, vn deònachadh m. The committee agreed that they would begin to give prizes, dheònaich a’ chomataidh gun tòisicheadh iad air duaisean a thoirt seachad
agree to v phr gabh ri, vn gabhail ri. I agree to that, tha mi a’ gabhail ris a sin
agree with v phr 1 aontaich ri, vn aontachadh ri
2 cuir t’aonta ri, vn cur t’aonta ri. I agree with that, tha mi a’ cur m’aonta ris a sin
expressed with rach le, vn dol le. I agree with you, tha mi a’ dol leat. I don’t agree with you on that point at all, chan eil mi a’ dol leat air a’ phuing sin idir
2 (eg of food) còrd, vn còrdadh m. They don’t agree with you, chan eil iad gad chòrdadh. I don’t know whether the bananas will agree with me, chan eil fhios agam an còrd iad mise, na bananathan
3 expressed with thig air, vn tighinn air. Wet weather does not agree with me, chan eil an tìde fhliuch a’ tighinn orm
agree with each other v phr 1 (a) thig air a chèile, vn tighinn air a chèile. They didn’t agree with each other at all, cha robh iad a’ tighinn air a chèile idir
(b) thig a-rèir a chèile, vn tighinn a-rèir a chèile. How can those two things agree with each other? ciamar as urrainn don dà rud sin a thighinn a-rèir a chèile?
2 (of facts, situation) freagair a chèile, vn freagairt a chèile. The two facts don’t agree with each other, chan eil an dà rud a’ freagairt a chèile
agreed a 1 (a) aontaichte. They should reflect an agreed school policy, tha còir gum biodh iad a’ dol a-rèir poileasaidh aontaichte na sgoile. Apply agreed procedures for protecting children to all staff, cleachd modhan aontaichte gus clann a dhìon airson luchd-obrach gu lèir
(b) air plus poss adj plus aontachadh. The teaching of spelling should be part of an agreed scheme, tha còir aig teagasg litreachaidh a bhith na phàirt de sgeama a tha air a h-aontachadh. Using objectives agreed between teachers and pupils, a’ cleachdadh amasan a tha air an aontachadh leis an tidsear agus a’ chloinn
2 suidhichte
agreeable a 1 aontach, comp aontaiche. They will have to be agreeable to it, feumaidh iad a bhith aontach ris
2 leigte. I think everyone is agreeable to it, cha chreid mi nach eil a h-uile duine leigte ris
3 (a) taitneach, comp taitniche. Agreeable words, briathran taitneach
(b) ciatach, comp ciataiche
4 còrdaidh. How agreeable they are, ’s iad a tha còrdaidh
agreement n 1 (a) aonta m ; aontachd f. They said they’d come to an agreement, bha iad ag ràdh gun tigeadh iad gu aonta. There should be agreement across the curriculum, tha còir aig aonta a bhith ann feadh a’ chlàir-theagaisg
(b) co-aontas m, gen co-aontais
2 còrdadh m, gen còrdaidh, pl còrdaidhean. They made an agreement between them, rinn iad còrdadh eatarra
3 cùmhnant m, gen cùmhnaint, pl cùmhnantan
be in agreement with v phr cuir t’aonta ri, vn cur t’aonta ri. I understand that the group operates a policy on equal opportunities which I am in agreement with, tha mi a’ tuigsinn gu bheil a’ bhuidheann a’ cur an gnìomh poileasaidh air co-ionannachd chothroman ris a bheil mi a’ cur m’aonta
come to an agreement v phr 1 thig gu aonta, vn tighinn gu aonta
2 còrd, vn còrdadh m. They’re not really coming to an agreement about the bridge yet, chan eil iad a’ fìor chòrdadh mun drochaid fhathast
agricultural a àiteachail
agriculture n 1 (a) àiteachas m, gen àiteachais
(b) àiteachd f
2 tuathanachas m, gen tuathanachais
agrimony n (Agrimonia eupatoria) (i) muir-dhroighinn m
(ii) mirean-nam-magh m, gen mirein-nam-magh
(iii) geur-bhileach m, gen geur-bhilich
agrimony, bastard n (Agrimonia agrimonioides) muir-dhroighinn m brèige, gen muir-dhroighinn bhrèige
agrimony, fragrant n (Agrimonia procera) muir-dhroighinn m cùbhraidh, gen muir-dhroighinn chùbhraidh
agrimony, hemp n (Eupatorium cannabinum) cainb-uisge f
agrion, banded n (Agrion splendens) agrion m bannach, gen agrion bhannaich
aground adv 1 air grunnd. The boat is aground, tha am bàta air grunnd
2 an sàs. She went aground on a rock, chaidh i an sàs air sgeir
3 not directly expressed. She went aground on a rock, chaidh i air sgeir
go aground v phr expressed with gabh, vn gabhail m. The boat was going aground on a rock, bha ma bàta a’ gabhail air sgeir
ah int 1 a
2 och
3 ò
aha int ahà
ahead adv 1 air thoiseach
2 air adhart
ahead of prep phr air thoiseach air (plus dat)
aid n 1 (a) cuideachadh m, gen cuideachaidh. We did it without your aid, rinn sinn e às aonais do chuideachaidh. The microcomputer can be a valuable aid, faodaidh am mion-choimpiutar a bhith na chuideachadh air leth
(b) expressed with uidheam m gus cuideachadh le. The skills necessary to enable them to use word processors and other aids to writing, na sgilean a dh’fheumas iad gus dealbh-sgrìobhadairean agus uidheam eile a chleachdadh gus cuideachadh le sgrìobhadh
2 cobhair f, gen cobhrach or coibhre
3 còmhnadh m, gen còmhnaidh
in aid of prep phr airson (plus gen). We were fund-raising in aid of the hall, bha sinn a’ togail airgid airson an talla
what … in aid of, expressed with carson. What was that in aid of? carson a rinn thu sin? I don’t know what it is all in aid of, chan eil fhios agam carson a tha siod uile ann
aid v tr 1 (a) (i) cuidich, vn cuideachadh m. Tape recording can help pupils hear how fluency aids the conveying of meaning, cuidichidh teiprecòrdadh a’ chlann gu bhith a’ cluinntinn mar tha fileantachd a’ cuideachadh ann a bhith a’ cur brìgh an cèill. Pupils’ writing of poetry will be aided by their reading aloud, bidh a’ chlann air an cuideachadh ann a bhith a’ sgrìobhadh bàrdachd le bhith a’ leughadh a-mach
(ii) cuidich le, vn cuideachadh le. This will be aided by discussion, cuidichidh beachdachadh le seo. This can be aided by the provision of printed words, faodar cuideachadh le seo le bhith a’ toirt dhaibh fhaclan ann an clò. To aid their responses, gus cuideachadh le an cuid fhreagairtean
(b) expressed with faigh cuideachadh, vn faighinn cuideachaidh. With the ability to recognise genre, readers and listeners are also aided in making predictions, le comas a bhith aca air mar aithnichear gnè, gheibh luchd-leughaidh agus luchd-èisteachd cuideachadh ann a bhith ri fàisneachd
(c) expressed with na chuideachadh. Word processing aids re-drafting, tha dealbh-sgrìobhadh na chuideachadh do dh’ath-dhreachdadh. They aid categorization of spoken texts, tha iad nan cuideachadh ann a bhith a’ seòrsadh theacsaichean labhairt
2 (a) dèan còmhnadh le, vn dèanamh còmhnaidh le. Aid us, dèan còmhnadh leinn
(b) dèan cobhair air, vn dèanamh cobhrach air. Aid us, dèan cobhair òirnn
ail v tr 1 cuir air, vn cur air. What ails her? dè tha a’ cur oirre?
2 expressed with thig ri, vn tighinn ri. What ails her? dè tha a’ tighinn rithe?
3 gearain, vn gearan. She has been ailing for some time, tha i air a bhith a’ gearan ùine
ailing a 1 tinn
2 euslainteach
aileron n ailearan m, gen & pl ailearain
ailment n 1 eucail f, gen eucalach, pl eucailean
2 galar m, gen galair, pl galaran
3 tinneas m, gen tinneis, pl tinneasan
aim n 1 amas m, gen amais, pl amasan. The main aim in learning Gaelic, am prìomh amas ann a bhith ag ionnsachadh na Gàidhlig. The aims of study, amasan oideachaidh. Aims of Gaelic learning and teaching, ionnsachadh agus teagasg na Gàidhlig : na h-amasan. There are four broad aims, tha ceithir amasan coitcheann ann. By comparing the original aims with what pupils actually attain in relation to the targets, le bhith a’ dèanamh coimeas eadar na h-amasan a bha ann an toiseach agus na bheil na sgoilearan a’ coileanadh ann an da-rìreabh fa chomhair nan cuimsean.
2 cuimse f, pl cuimsean. But rather clarifying the aims and objectives for the whole class, ach a’ soilleireachadh chuimsean agus amasan don chlas air fad
3 rùn m, gen rùin, pl rùintean
with the aim being, expressed with a’ cuimseachadh. The process of development will continue, with the aim being to help pupils build up an easy flow, leanaidh cothrom fàis air, a’ cuimseachadh air clann a chuideachadh gus dòigh shaor shiùbhlach a thogail
aim v i 1 (a) cuimsich, vn cuimseachadh m (at, air or ri). He was aiming at the target, bha e a’ cuimseachadh air an targaid. He was aiming a blow at him, bha e a’ cuimseachadh buille ris
(b) cuimsich air vn cuimseachadh air. Schools should aim to bring pupils to the stage of broadly equal competence, tha còir aig sgoiltean a bhith a’ cuimseachadh air a’ chlann a thoirt an ìre mhaith gu comas co-ionnan
2 (a) (i) amais, vn amas m, amaiseadh m (at, air). He was aiming at the target, bha e ag amaiseadh air an targaid
(ii) amais air, vn amas air. The response to discriminatory behaviour will aim to be sensitive to the feelings of the victim or victims, ann a bhith a’ dèiligeadh ri gnìomhan lethbhreitheach bithear ag amas air a bhith mothachail air faireachdainnean an neach no na feadhna a dh’fhuiling
(b) expressed with bi plus mar amas dhut. We aim to ensure that all who wish to work in our pre-school have an equal chance to do so, tha e mar amas dhuinn a dhèanamh cinnteach gu bheil aig na h-uile leis am miann a bhith ag obair nar ro-sgoil cothrom co-ionann sin a dhèanamh
3 cuir romhad. Schools will aim to enable all pupils, bidh na sgoilean a’ cur romhpa cothrom a thoirt don chloinn air fad
aimed at a phr 1 expressed with aig a bheil e mar amas. A number of local and national production programmes exist, aimed at producing teaching resources, tha grunnan ann de phrògraman deasachaidh ionadail agus nàiseanta, aig a bheil e mar amas goireasan-teagaisg a thoirt a-mach
2 expressed with a tha a’ cuimseachadh air. Ancillary material and facilities aimed at enhancement and enrichment of the core Gaelic course, stuthan faice agus sochairean faice a tha a’ cuimseachadh air leasachadh air a’ bhun-chùrsa Ghàidhlig agus air a bhith a’ cur ris
air n 1 àile m. The air is cold, tha an àile fuar. Fresh air, àile glan
2 (a) èadhar m & f, gen èadhair, pl èadharan. What cold air is coming in? dè an èadhar fhuar a tha a’ tighinn a-staigh? Air sacs, còsagan èadhair. The air pressure, brùthadh an èadhair, or brùthadh na h-èadhair
(b) àidhear m, gen àidheir
3 gaoth f, gen gaoithe. I’ll have to put air in the tyres, feumaidh mi gaoth a chur anns na taidhrichean
4 adhar m, gen adhair. The cars were flying up in the air with the bombing, bha na càraichean a’ leum an àird anns an adhar leis a’ bhomaigeadh
5 (appearance) aogas m, gen aogais, pl aogaisean
air charter firm n phr buidheann f fhastaidh itealan, gen buidhne fastaidh itealan, pl buidhnean fastaidh itealan
air photograph n phr, see aerial photograph n phr, sv aerial a
air resistance n phr bacadh-èadhair m, gen bacaidh-èadhair
breath of air n phr deò f
by air adv phr 1 air itealan. We travelled by air, shiubhail sinn air itealan
2 (mail) air a’ phost-adhair. She sent the letter by air, chuir i an litir air falbh air a’ phost-adhair
in mid air adv phr eadar speur is talamh
in open air adv phr fon adhar. It’s good to be out in the open air, tha e math a bhith a-muigh fon adhar
light air n phr 1 (Beaufort Scale, force 1) èadhar f aotrom, gen èadhair aotruim, pl èadharan aotrom
2 èadharag f, gen èadharaig, pl èadharagan
air n (music) fonn m, gen & pl fuinn
air n (appearance) 1 aogas m, gen aogais, pl aogaisean
2 coltas m, gen coltais. He has a prosperous air, tha coltas air gu bheilear a’ soirbheachadh leis
give yourself airs v phr bi mòr asad fhèin. She is really giving herself airs, nach i tha mòr aiste fhèin
air v tr 1 leig an t-àile gu, vn leigeil an àile gu. Have you aired the sheets? an do leig thu an t-àile chun nan siotachan?
2 (a) cuir an cèill, vn cur an cèill. She was airing her grievances, bha i a’ cur an cèill a cuid ghearanan
airborne a 1 air sgèith
2 air iteig
aircraft n 1 itealan m, gen & pl itealain
2 plèana f, pl plèanaichean
aircraft carrier n phr soitheach-giùlain m itealan, gen soithich-ghiùlain itealan, pl soithichean-giùlain itealan
airfield n raon-adhair m, gen raoin-adhair, pl raontan-adhair
airline n 1 buidheann-adhair f, gen buidhne-adhair, pl buidhnean-adhair. He is an airline pilot, tha e na phìleat do bhuidhinn-adhair
2 companaidh phlèanaichean m, pl companaidhean-phlèanaichean
airlock n stopadh-èadhair m, gen stopaidh-èadhair, pl stopaidhean-èadhair
airmail n post-adhair m, gen puist-adhair
airport n port-adhair m, gen & pl puirt-adhair
airstream n sruth-èadhair m, pl sruthan-èadhair
airstrip n raon-laighe m, gen raoin-laighe, pl raontan-laighe
airt n àird f, gen àirde, pl àirdean. What airt is the wind from? cò an àirde às a bheil a’ ghaoth?
airtight a èadhar-dhìonach
airwave n tonn-adhair, gen & pl tonnan-adhair
aisle n (ecclesiastical architecture) taobhroinn f, gen taobhroinne, pl taobhroinnean
2 (between seats) (a) pasaid f, pl pasaidean
(b) trannsa f, pl trannsaichean
ajar a 1 expressed with gròbadh m, gen gròbaidh. Leave the door a slightly ajar, fàg gròbadh beag aig an doras
2 sgeòideach. Don’t leave the door ajar like that, na fàg an doras sgeòideach mo siod
akin a 1 càirdeach
2 (a) coltach (to, ri)
(b) coltach ri chèile
alabaster n oillbhastair m
alacrity n 1 sùrd, gen sùird. She moved with alacrity, ghluais i le sùrd
2 sunnd m
alarm n 1 alàram, gen & pl alàraim
2 rabhadh m, gen rabhaidh, pl rabhaidhean. They raised the alarm immediately, thug iad rabhadh air ball
alarm v tr 1 thoir rabhadh do, vn toirt rabhaidh do
2 cuir eagal air, vn cur eagail air
alarmed a 1 eagalach
2 expressed with bi plus eagal ort. Don’t be alarmed, na bitheadh eagal ort. You don’t need to be alarmed about them in the least, cha ruig sibh a leas a bheag a dh’eagal a bhith oirbh air an son-san
alarming a eagalach
alarm-clock n 1 gleoc-alàraim m, pl gleocaichean-alàraim
2 gleoc-rabhaidh m, pl gleocaichean-rabhaidh
alas int 1 och
2 mo chreach
3 mo thruaighe
Albania pr n Albàinia f
Albanian pr n 1 Albàinianach m, gen & pl Albàinianaich
2 (language) Albàinianais f
Albanian a Albàinianach
albatross n (ornithology) (family Diomedeidae) albatras m, gen & pl albatrais
albatross, black-browed n (Diomedea melanophris) albatras m mala-duibhe, gen & pl albatrais mhala-duibhe
albeit conj ged as ann fhèin. They will show a readiness to talk, albeit with some adult assistance, nochdaidh iad gu bheil iad deònach a bhith a’ còmhradh, ged as ann fhèin le cuideachadh o inbhich
albinism n ailbineachd f
albino n ailbineach m, gen & pl ailbinich
albino a ailbineach
albite n (mineralogy) ailbit f
album n 1 albam m, gen & pl albaim
2 leabhar-chuimhneachan, gen leabhair-chuimhneachan, pl leabhraichean-chuimhneachan
alcohol n alcol m, gen alcoil, pl alcolan
alcoholic n alcolach m, gen & pl alcolaich
alcoholic a alcolach
alcoholism n alcolachd f
alder n (Alnus glutinosa) feàrna f. It’s alder right enough, ’s e feàrna a th’ ann ceart gu leòr
alder mod feàrna. Alder buckthorn, ramh-dhroigheann feàrna
alder, grey n (Alnus incana) feàrna f liath, gen feàrna lèithe
alder fly n (Sialis lutaria) cuileag f fheàrna, gen cuileig feàrna, pl cuileagan feàrna
alder-tree n (Alnus glutinosa) craobh-fheàrna f, gen craoibhe-feàrna, pl craobhan-feàrna
ale n leann m, gen leanna
alert a 1 mothachail, comp mothachaile. Pupils will be alert to the structures of words from specialist vocabularies, bidh a’ chlann mothachail air cumaidhean fhaclan à briathrachais speisealta
2 furachail, comp furachaile
3 beur, comp bèire ; or beurr, beurtha, comp beurra, beurtha
4 expressed with gabh ealla ri v, vn gabhail ealla ri. Teachers should be alert to the need to challenge some pupils, tha còir aig tidsearan a bhith a’ gabhail ealla ris gum feum cuid de chloinn an cur gu dùbhlan
on the alert adv phr furachail. They remained on the alert all night, dh’fhuirich iad furachail fad na h-oidhche
alert v tr 1 cuir am faireachadh, vn cur am faireachadh. The pupils should be alerted to these differences, bu chòir a’ chlann a chur nam faireachadh mu na h-eadar-dhealachaidhean a tha an-seo
2 cuir an sùilean, vn cur an sùilean. By alerting pupils to unfamiliar content, le bhith a’ cur an sùilean na cloinne susbaint air nach eil iad eòlach
alert-looking a (sharp-looking) beurr, also beurtha. The cat is very alert-looking, tha an cat glè bheurr
alertness n 1 expressed with beòthail a. Some may already possess good general alertness, faodaidh cuid a bhith gu math beòthail dhiubh fhèin
2 expressed with mothachail a. Pupils will develop a greater alertness to the changes in ideas, bidh a’ chlann a’ fàs nas mothachaile air na h-atharraichidhean ann am bun-smuaintean
Alexander pr n Alasdair m, gen Alasdair, pl Alasdairean
Alexanders n (Smyrnium olusatrum) 1 lus m Alasdair
2 lus-nan-gràn-dubh m
Alexanders, biennial n (Smyrnium perfoliatum) 1 lus m Alasdair dà-bhliadhnach, gen lus Alasdair dhà-bhliadhnaich
2 lus-nan-gràn-dubh m dà-bhliadhnach, gen lus-nan-gràn-dubh m dhà-bhliadhnaich
Alexander system n phr dòigh f MhicAlasdair
Alexandrite n (mineralogy) Alasdairit f
alfalfa n (Medicago lupulina) alfalfa m
alga n 1 alga f
2 (familiar) (a) lìonanach m, gen lìonanaich
(b) lìrean m, gen lìrein. When the river is low the stones are covered in alga, nuair a bhios an abhainn beag bidh na clachan làn lìrean. I cleaned the alga out of the well, ghlan mi an lìrean às an fhuaran. When the weather is too calm alga hangs in strands from the salmon nets, nuair a bhios an tìde ro fhèathach bidh an lìrean na shèapan a’ slaodadh ris na lìn aig an iasgach-gheal
brown algae n phr (Phaeophyceae) algae f pl dhonna
green algae n phr (Chlorophyceae) algae f pl uaine
red algae n phr (Rhodophyceae) algae f pl dhearga
alga, fresh-water n alga f fhìor-uisge, gen alga fìor-uisge
algal a algach
algebra n ailgeabra f, pl ailgeabraichean
algebraic a ailgeabrach
alias n ainm m brèige, gen ainme bhrèige, pl ainmean brèige
alias adv 1 (a) no air dòigh eile
(b) no air mhodh eile
2 no fo ainm eile
alien n 1 coigreach m, gen & pl coigrich
2 allmharach m, gen & pl allmharaich
3 àilianach, gen & pl àilianaich
alien a 1 coigreach
2 allmharach
3 àilianach
alienate v tr expressed with cuir an aghaidh, vn cur an aghaidh. His actions alienated people, chuir na rudan a rinn e daoine na aghaidh
alienated a expressed with cuir cùl ri (chèile). They became alienated, chuir iad cùl ri chèile
alight a 1 laiste
2 na theine
alight v i 1 teirinn, vn teàrnadh m
2 laigh, vn laighe m
alike pred a 1 coltach ri chèile. They were very much alike, bha iad fìor choltach ri chèile
2 co-ionann
alimony n airgead m sgaraidh, gen airgid sgaraidh
alison, hoary n (Berteroa incana) ailioson m liath, gen ailioson lèith
alison, small n (Alyssum alyssoides) ailioson m beag, gen ailioson bhig
alison, sweet n (Lobularia maritima) ailioson m milis, gen ailioson mhilis
alive a 1 beò, comp beòtha. I’m still alive, tha mi beò fhathast. There’s no-one alive would do that, chan eil duine beò a dhèanadh sin. He isn’t alive today, chan eil e beò an diugh. They won’t take him alive, cha ghlac iad beò e
2 beothail
alive and well a phr beò slàn. He got home alive and well, fhuair e dhachaidh beò slàn
barely alive a phr 1, He is barely alive, chan eil an còrr ann ach gu bheil e beò
2 expressed with beò air èiginn. We’re just barely alive here, tha sinn dìreach beò air èiginn an seo
3 (of animals only) expressed with neg plus an ràmhadh m. She’s barely alive, chan eil innte ach an ràmhadh
dead or alive a phr beò no marbh
alkali n alcalaidh m, pl alcalaidhean
alkaline a alcalaidheach
alkalinity n alcalaidheachd f
alkanet n 1 (dye) alcanat m, gen alcanait
2 (botany) (Anchusa officianalis) alcanat m, gen alcanait
alkanet, green n (Pentaglottis sempervirens) 1 bog-lus m
2 alcanat m uaine, gen alcanait uaine
alkanet, large blue n (Anchusa azurea) alcanat m mòr gorm, gen alcanait mhòir ghuirm
alkanet, yellow n (Anchusa ochroleuca) alcanat m buidhe, gen alcanait bhuidhe
all n 1 (a) gach neach m. The teacher must create a climate in which all feel confident, feumaidh an tidsear suidheachadh a chruthachadh anns am bi gach neach a’ faireachdainn misneachail
(b) gach aon m. All of these may stimulate thinking, faodaidh gach aon dhiubh sin brosnachadh a thoirt do smaoineachadh
2 (a) expressed with uile a following n. Reference to all of the strands is not necessarily required, cha leigear a leas iomradh a dhèanamh air na h-iallan uile
(b) expressed with uile a preceding n, leniting. It is not possible or desirable to assess all of a class’s activities in language all of the time, chan eil rian air, ’s cha mhotha tha iarraidh air, gum biodhte a’ measadh uile ghnìomhan clas ann an cànain fad na h-ùine
(c) expressed with a h-uile gin. It is likely that such pupils will demonstrate some or all of the following characteristics, bidh dùil gun nochd a leithid seo de chloinn cuid de na comasan a leanas, no a h-uile gin diubh
(d) na h-uile. And then all went out to the garden, agus an uair sin chaidh na h-uile a-mach don leas. We aim to ensure that all who wish to work in our pre-school have an equal chance to do so, tha e mar amas dhuinn a dhèanamh cinnteach gu bheil aig na h-uile leis am miann a bhith ag obair nar ro-sgoil cothrom co-ionann sin a dhèanamh
3 expressed with na rel pron. I’ll do all I can, nì mi nas urrainn dhomh. Oh dear! all she had to say, o shìorraidh! na chuir i às a corp
4 uilidh. I saw one trout, that’s all, chunna mi aon bhreac, sin uilidh
5 expressed with fad plus gen. It is not possible or desirable to assess all of a class’s activities in language all of the time, chan eil rian air, ’s cha mhotha tha iarraidh air, gum biodhte a’ measadh uile ghnìomhan clas ann an cànain fad na h-ùine
6 expressed with air fad. Note that not all of the procedures need be used, thoir an aire nach fheumar na h-iomairtean air fad a chleachdadh
7 expressed with neg plus ach conj. All he had in the van was silly stuff for children, cha robh aige anns a’ bhan ach gabhdradh do chloinn
all and sundry n phr a h-uile neach fon ghrèin
all but n phr uile … ach. All but two had been eaten, bha iad uile air an ithe ach a dhà
All Fools’ Day pr n Là m na Gocaireachd
all of you n phr expressed with uile. Come in all of you, thigibh a-steach uile
all he can do, expressed with tha e gu leòr dha. It was all he could do to walk over to him, bha e gu leòr dha choiseachd a-nall thuige
all that n phr expressed with na rel pron. I’ll do all that I can, nì mi nas urrainn dhomh. Oh dear! all that she had to say, o shìorraidh! na chuir i às a corp. We made tea for all that came, rinn sinn teatha do na thàinig
all the best n phr (eg in letter) gach deagh dhùrachd f
all those people n phr na plus tha etc plus a sin (or a siod) a shluagh. Then tea would be made for all those people, rachadh a-rèiste teatha dhèanamh do na bhiodh a sin a shluagh. He gave me a big kiss in front of all those people, thug thu an tè mhòr ud dhomhsa air beulaibh na bha siod a shluagh
all those things n phr 1 na rudan sin uile. All those things are important, tha na rudan sin uile cudthromach
2 a h-uile dad den sin. When all those things were finished didn’t we used to start shearing, nuair a bha h-uile dad den sin deis nach robh sinn a’ sìneadh air rùsgadh
3 expressed with repetition of n. She’s sorry because she hears all those things, tha i duilich on tha i a’ cluinntinn rud is rud is rud
my all n phr mo chuid den t-saoghal (air fad)
when all is said an done, 1 (a) aig deireadh gnothaich
(b) aig deireadh an latha
2 aig ceann na cùise
all a 1 (a) uile. Are they all there? a bheil iad uile ann? Why didn’t you all come? carson nach tàinig sibh uile? The herring were so good, they were all fat, bha an sgadan cho math, bha iad nam blonaig uile. As will all cross-curricular concerns, agus tha seo fìor a thaobh nan nithean uile a tha a’ gluasad feadh a’ chlàir-theagaisg. Thus are all women, mar seo na mnathan uile
(b) a h-uile. People are all so critical, tha a h-uile feadhainn cho biorach. They stole all my hens, ghoid iad a h-uile cearc a bh’ agam
(c) a h-uile nì. It is all changed, tha a h-uile nì air atharrachadh
(d) expressed with a h-uile … a tha ann. At all stages, aig a h-uile ìre a tha ann. To explore the underlying reasons for all viewpoints, rannsachadh a dhèanamh air na tha a’ gluasad a h-uile beachd a tha ann
2 (a) gach. By all those involved in the teaching of Gaelic, leis gach neach a tha an sàs ann an teagasg na Gàidhlig. Visual material of all kinds, stuth faicsinneach de gach seòrsa. Teachers should help all pupils to participate, is còir do thidsearan a bhith a’ cuideachadh gach pàiste gus pàirt a ghabhail. In Gaelic and all other languages, anns a’ Ghàidhlig agus anns gach cànain eile. We shall take all reasonable measures to ensure the safety and well-being of all members and leaders of the group, gabhaidh sinn gach ceum reusanta gus dèanamh cinnteach à sàbhailteachd is deagh chor buill is ceannardan na buidhne gu lèir
(b) gach aon, gach aona. All attempts at using Gaelic in the initial stages are praiseworthy, tha gach aon oidhirp a nithear air a bhith a’ cleachdadh na Gàidhlig aig toiseach cùise ri a moladh. Detailed assessment criteria for all the specific language tasks that pupils are likely to undertake, comharraidhean-measaidh mionaideach air gach aona ghnìomh cànain a bhitheas dùil againn a ghabhas a’ chlann os làimh. Traces of all three types of walling survive in this area, gheibhear lorg fhathast air gach aon de na trì seòrsaichean gàrraidh san àite seo
(c) gach seòrsa. All transport used should have forward-facing seats with seat-belts fitted, a thaobh gach seòrsa còmhdhalach a thèid a chur am feum, is còir gum bitheadh suidheachain a tha a’ coimhead chun an toisich air fad aca le criosan-sàbhalaidh air an cur a-steach
3 expressed with air fad adv phr. To develop in all pupils a range of positive attitudes, caochladh bheachdan fallain àrach anns a’ chloinn air fad. This should allow for the development of all the language skills, tha còir aige seo àite thoirt do leasachadh nan sgilean cànain air fad. All food must be hygienically prepared and stored, feumaidh am biadh air fad a bhith air ullachadh agus air a stòradh gu slàinteachail
4 expressed with gu h-iomlan adv. I agree to make every effort to sell all the tickets supplied to me, tha mi ag aontachadh gun dèan mi mo dhìcheall gus na tiocaidean a gheibh mi a reic gu h-iomlan
5 expressed with gu lèir adv. Good evening to you all, feasgar math dhuibh gu lèir. We shall take all reasonable measures to ensure the safety and well-being of all members and leaders of the group, gabhaidh sinn gach ceum reusanta gus dèanamh cinnteach à sàbhailteachd is deagh chor buill is ceannardan na buidhne gu lèir
6 expressed with na plus a prep, leniting. I think it will actually affect Mr Brown, with all the houses he has, cha chreid mi nach ruig e air Brown fhèin, le na tha aige a thaighean. He gave me a big kiss in front of all those people, thug thu an tè mhòr ud dhomhsa air beulaibh na bha siod a shluagh
7 expressed with def art. All four will interact, bidh na ceithir a’ dol an lùib a chèile. An important concept across all four outcomes of language, bun-bheachd cudthromach feadh nan ceithir builean cànain
8 expressed with sam bith. Phone this number for all customer enquiries, fòn an àireamh seo mar chustamair le ceist sam bith
9 expressed with a-mhàin. And that’s not all : he also broke the window, agus chan e sin a’ mhàin : bhris e an uinneag cuideachd
all in a phr (exhausted) anns an toirt thairis. I’m all in, tha mi anns an toirt thairis
all over a phr crìochnaichte. It’s all over now, tha an gnothach crìochnaichte a-nis
all set a phr 1 làn dheiseil
2 deiseil. Are you all set then? a bheil thu deiseil a-rèiste?
all the same a phr 1 uile (…) an aon rud. Are they all the same? a bheil iad uile an aon rud. They look all the same to me, tha iad uile a’ coimhead an aon rud dhomhsa
2 den aon ghnè
all there a phr, She is all there, cha b’ ann an dè a rugadh i
not all there a phr expressed with neg plus ann gu lèir. She is not all there I’m afraid, tha eagal orm nach eil i ann gu lèir
all adv uile gu lèir. There used to be all thatched houses, ’s e taighean-tughaidh a bha ann uile gu lèir
all the time adv phr 1 fad na tìde
2 fad na h-ùine
3 fad an t-siubhail
all along adv phr 1 fad na tìde
2 fad na h-ùine
3 fad an t-siubhail
all about, all around adv phr ceithir thimcheall. He looked all around, choimhead e ceithir thimcheall
all about, all around prep phr 1 ceithir thimcheall (plus gen)
2 ceithir thimcheall air (plus dat). They were playing all around me, bha iad a’ cluich ceithir thimcheall orm
all at once adv phr 1 còmhla. Everything was happening all at once, bha a h-uile nì a’ tachairt còmhla
2 gu h-aithghearr. All at once I realised what was wrong, gu h-aithghearr thuig mi dè a bha ceàrr
all but adv phr an coinneimh. I’m all but finished, tha mi an coinneimh a bhith deis. They were all but perished with the cold, bha iad an coinneimh a bhith air meileachadh leis an fhuachd
all day, all day long adv phr fad an latha. Have you been sitting there all day? a bheil thu air a bhith nad shuidhe a sin fad an latha?
all in adv phr (everything included) le gach nì gabhte a-steach. It cost £100 all in, chosg e ceud not le gach nì gabhte a-steach
all in all adv phr uile gu lèir. All in all, it wasn’t a bad day, uile gu lèir, chan e droch latha a bh’ ann
all out adv phr le làn neart. We were going all out to win the prize, bha sinn a’ feuchainn ris an duais a bhuannachd ler làn neart
all over (the place) adv phr 1 anns a h-uile àite. It the same weather all over just now, tha an aon tìde anns a h-uile àite an-dràsta
2 feadh an t-saoghail. You get them all over now, gheibh thu feadh an t-saoghail a-nis iad
all the same adv phr ge-tà. He shouldn’t have done it all the same, cha robh còir aige bhith air a dhèanamh ge-tà
at all adv phr 1 idir. He didn’t go there at all, cha deach e idir ann. That is not it at all, chan e sin idir e
2 sam bith. I didn’t go out much at all, cha deach mi mòran sam bith a-mach. She wasn’t at all to blame for the way the girl was, cha robh coire sam bith aicese ris mar a bha a’ chaileag
3 ann. We don’t play cards at all, chan eil sinn a’ cluich cairtean ann
not at all adv phr (eg on receiving thanks) expressed with na luaidhibh air
for all that conj phr 1 air a shon sin
2 an dèidh sin is na dhèidh. For all that, it turned out well in the end, an dèidh sin is na dhèidh thionndaidh e a-mach gu math aig deireadh gnothaich
allanite n (mineralogy) allainit f
allay v tr 1 ciùinich, vn ciùineachadh m
2 caisg, vn casgadh m
3 lùghdaich, vn lùghdachadh m
allegation n expressed with rud m, pl rudan, plus cuir às leth, vn cur as leth. A number of allegations were made against him, chaidh grunn de rudan a chur às a leth
allege v tr expressed with cuir às leth, vn cur as leth. He was alleged to have stolen the car, Chuireadh às a leth gun do ghoid e an càr
2 expressed with fàg air, vn fàgail air. It was alleged that he had been there, chaidh fhàgail air gu robh e an làthair
3 expressed with mas fhìor or ma b’ fhìor
alleged a 1 expressed with cuir às leth, vn cur às leth
2 expressed with thoir, vn toirt f. The alleged reason for it, an t-adhbhar a thugadh air a shon
allegiance n 1 ùmhlachd f
2 dìlseachd f, pl dìlseachdan
allegorical a 1 samhlaithriseach
2 samhlachail
allegory n samhlaithris f, pl samhlaithrisean
allele n aileal m, gen & pl aileil
allelomorph n ailealomorf m, pl ailealomorfan
allergy n aileirgidh m, pl aileirgidhean. Each child’s record sheet must contain information on any medical condition or allergies that the child suffers from, feumaidh fios a bhith air bileig-chlàraidh gach neach-chloinne a thaobh gnothaich mheidigich sam bith no aileirgidhean a bhitheas a’ cur air an neach-chloinne
alleviate v tr 1 lùghdaich, vn lùghdachadh m. As a way of alleviating any difficulties experienced as a consequence of a later start in Gaelic, mar dhòigh air na duilgheadasan a lughdachadh a bhitheas acasan a bha na b’fhaide gun tòiseachadh anns a’ Ghàidhlig
2 aotromaich, vn aotromachadh m
alleviation n 1 lùghdachadh m, gen lùghdachaidh
2 aotromachadh m, gen aotromachaidh
All fools Day n, see April Fools day n
all-good n (Chenopodium bonus-henricus), see Good King Henry n
all-heal, clown’s n, see woundwort, marsh n
alliance n 1 (a) caidreabhas m, gen & pl caidreabhais
(b) caidreachas m, gen & pl caidreachais
2 co-chòrdadh m, gen co-chòrdaidh, pl co-chòrdaidhean
3 càirdeas m, gen càirdeis
alligator n ailigeutair m, pl ailigeutairean
alligator, Mississippi n (Alligator mississippiensis) ailigeutair m Misisipeach, gen ailigeutair Mhisisipich, pl ailigeutairean Misisipeach
all-inclusive a expressed with còmhdaich na cùisean uile. These statements are intended to be neither all-inclusive nor conclusive, chan eilear a’ meas gum bi seo a’ còmhdach nan cùisean uile no a’ tighinn gu co-dhùnadh daingeann mun timcheall
alliteration n uaim f, gen uaime
alliterative a uaimeach
allocate v tr 1 cuir mu choinneamh, vn cur mu choinneamh. The relative proportion of time allocated to Gaelic and English language will vary in accordance with the needs of the child, bidh a’ chuibhreann ùine a thathar a’ cur mu choinneamh na Gàidhlig agus na Beurla ag atharrachadh a-rèir feuman a’ phàiste
2 thoir do, vn toirt do. Most of the time allocated to Gaelic, a’ mhòrchuid den ùine a thathar a’ toirt don Ghàidhlig
3 sònraich, vn sònrachadh m
allocation n 1 (a) cuibhreann. Time allocation, cuibhreann ùine. The Education Department suggested a minimum time allocation in the primary school of 15% for language, thog Roinn an Fhoghlaim gum biodh 15% na chuibhrinn iomchaidh do chànain anns a’ bhunsgoil
(b) expressed with cuibhreann a dh’fheumar a thoirt. Guidance concerning the minimum time allocation for Language, an stiùireadh a tha ann cheana mun chuibhrinn ùine a dh’fheumar a thoirt do chànain air a’ char as lugha
2 sònrachadh m, gen sònrachaidh
3 expressed with cuir mu choinneamh, vn cur mu choinneamh. The Council proposed a minimum time allocation of 20% for language and communication, thug a’ Chomhairle mun aire gum bu chòir 20% den ùine air a’ char bu lugha a chur mu choinneamh cànain is conaltraidh
allomorph n almorf m, pl almorfan
allophone n alfon m, pl alfonan
allotment n 1 cuibhreann m (talmhainn), gen cuibhrinn (thalmhainn), pl cuibhreannan (talmhainn). He’s working in the allotment, tha a ag obair air a’ chuibhreann thalmhainn aige
2 (croft) lot f, pl lotaichean
allow v tr 1 leig le, vn leigeil le. I allowed them to go, leig mi leotha a dhol ann. They were allowed to stay up late, chaidh leigeil leotha fuireach air an cois anmoch. They wouldn’t be allowed to do that, cha reigheadh leigeil leotha sin a dhèanamh. They allow pupils to consider experiences, leigidh iad le cloinn a bhith a’ beachdachadh air fiosrachaidhean. They will not allow him to perish, cha leig iad leis a dhol a dhìth
2 fuiling, vn fulang m. Some won’t allow him in the churches, chan fhuiling cuid anns na h-eaglaisean e. His mother wouldn’t allow anyone to say a word to him, chan fhuilingeadh a mhàthair guth a ràdh ris
3 (a) thoir cothrom do, vn toirt cothroim do. This allows learners to gauge more effectively their own progress and achievements, bheir seo cothrom do luchd-ionnsachaidh tomhas nas buadhmhoire a dhèanamh air an adhartas a rinn iad agus air na tha iad a’ toirt gu buil. It allows them to concentrate on the content of their own work, tha e a’ toirt cothroim dhaibh a bhith a’ bualadh air susbaint na h-obrach aca fhèin. To allow for the development of all the language skills, gus cothrom a thoirt do na sgilean cànain air fad a bhith air an leasachadh. And to say what are the markers which allowed them to make the distinction, agus a ràdh gu dè na comharraidhean a thug cothrom dhaibh an t-eadar-dhealachadh a dhèanamh
(b) thoir cothrom, vn toirt cothroim. But they may well offer information to allow the curriculum to be revised, ach faodaidh iad air a shon sin fiosrachadh a thoirt seachad a bheir cothrom ath-sgrùdadh a dhèanamh air a’ chlàr-theagaisg
(c) leig cothrom le, vn leigeil cothroim le. Group discussion will allow the development of ideas, leigidh beachdachadh ann am buidhnean cothrom fàis le bun-bheachdan
(d) expressed with faigh cothrom air, vn faighinn cothroim air. To allow them to hear, watch and reflect upon what they themselves and their classmates have said, gus cothrom fhaighinn air a bhith ag èisteachd, a’ coimhead agus a’ cnuasachadh air na thuirt iad fhèin agus feadhainn eile anns a’ chlas. Attractive displays of posters allow experience of variety in text and style, gheibhear cothrom air caochladh sheòrsachan theacsaichean agus stoidhle o thaisbeanaidhean tarraingeach de shanasairean
(e) expressed with bidh cothrom le. Studying media representations of males and females will allow discussion of stereotyping and gender roles, bidh cothrom ann, le bhith a’ gabhail ealla ris mar a tha fireann agus boireann gan cur far comhair anns na meadhain, air beachdachadh air lèir-sheiseachadh agus air an àite a tha aig boireann agus fireann
4 ceadaich, vn ceadachadh m
5 (a) thoir, vn toirt f. The teacher can allow time for reading purely for enjoyment, faodaidh an tidsear ùine thoirt airson a bhith a’ leughadh airson toileachaidh a-mhàin
(b) thoir àite do, vn toirt àite do. This should allow for the development of all the language skills, tha còir aige seo àite thoirt do leasachadh nan sgilean cànain air fad
6 expressed with faod v aux. The advantage of the rigs was that they allowed areas of thin soil to be deepened, ’s e a’ bhuannachd a bha ann am feannagan gum faodadh an ùir ann an àiteachan far nach robh i ach tana a bhith air a dèanamh na bu doimhne
allow for v phr cuir sa chunntas, vn cur cunntas. We shall have to allow for bad weather, feumaidh sinn droch aimsir a chur sa chunntas. It will cost a lot more after allowing for expenses, cosgaidh e mòran a bharrachd an dèidh na cosgaisean a chur sa chunntas
allowed a 1 ceadaichte. Dogs are not allowed, chan eil coin ceadaichte
2 expressed with faod v. Are you allowed to go in? am faod neach a dhol a-staigh? His father wasn’t allowed to take to do with him, chan fhaodadh athair obhnaigeadh
allowable a ceadaichte
allowance n cuibhreann m (airgid), gen cuibhrinn, pl cuibhreannan
make allowance for v phr cuir sa chunntas, vn cur sa chunntas. Allowance should be made for Neil’s limited mentality, bu chòir a chur sa chunntas gu bheil laige aig Niall a thaobh inntinn
alloy n laghd-mheatailt f, pl laghd-mheatailtean
all-powerful a uile-chumhachdach
allseed n (Radiola linoides) lus m meanbh meanganach, gen lus mheanbh mheanganaich
allseed, four-leaved n (Polycarpon tetraphyllum) lus m meanbh nan ceithir duilleag, gen lus mheanbh nan ceithir duilleag
All-souls pr n, see Hallow-tide pr n
allude v tr
allude to v tr phr thoir tarraing air, vn toirt tarraing air. Allude to things like … in your answer, thoir tarraing air nithean mar … nad fhreagairt
allusion n iomradh m, gen iomraidh, pl iomraidhean
make allusion to v phr 1 (a) thoir iomradh air, vn toirt iomraidh air
(b) dèan iomradh air, vn dèanamh iomraidh air. He made an allusion to me, rinn e iomradh orm
2 thoir tarraing air, vn toirt tarraing air. In what way does the author make allusion to the events without naming them, dè an dòigh anns a bheil an t-ùghdar a’ toirt tarraing air na nithean a thachair gun an ainmeachadh
alluvial a 1 aluibhium. Alluvial fan, sgiathan aluibhium
2 alùbhiach. Alluvial fan, fana alùbhiach
alluvium n aluibhium m ; alùbhium m
ally n 1 caraid, pl càirdean
2 caidreabhach m, gen & pl caidreabhaich
ally v tr ceangail, vn ceangal
2 dèan caidreabhas, vn dèanamh caidreabhais
almanac n 1 almanac f, pl almanacan
2 fèillire m, pl fèillirean
almandine n (mineralogy) almandain m
Almighty n. The Almighty, an t-Uile-Chumhachdach
almighty a uile-chumhachdach
almond n (Prunus dulcis) almon m, gen & pl almoin. An almond (nut), cnò almoin. Do you like almonds? an caomh leat cnothan almoin?
almond-tree n (Prunus dulcis) craobh-almoin f, gen craoibhe-almoin, pl craobhan-almoin
almost adv 1 expressed with cha mhòr. He almost fell, cha mhòr nach do thuit e. Almost as much came out of it as other people got out of two, cha mhòr nach tàinig uibhir às is a thàinig às na dhà aig feadhainn eile. This should be attainable by almost all pupils, tha seo so-ruigsinn cha mhòr leis a’ chloinn air fad
2 (a) gu ìre bhig. I’ve almost eaten them, tha mi air an ithe gu ìre bhig
(b) ach beag. I almost had them ready on Tuesday, bha iad deis agam ach beag Dimàirt
(c) is beag nach. I almost fell where I was standing, is beag nach do thuit mi às mo sheasamh
3 an ìre mhaith. Are you nearly ready? a bheil thu an ìre mhaith deiseil?
4 an coinneimh. I’ve almost eaten them, tha mi an coinneimh an ithe. I had almost finished when they arrived, bha mi an coinneimh bhith deiseil nuair a ràinig iad
5 ach gann. I almost had them ready on Tuesday, bha iad deis agam ach gann Dimàirt
6 expressed with gu bhith. I’m almost ready dear, tha mi gu bhith deiseil m’eudail
7 expressed with theab. Didn’t they almost kill themselves? nach do theab iad iad fhèin a mharbhadh? I almost did it, theab mi dhèanamh. I had almost done it, theab mi dhèanamh, or theab mi bhith air a dhèanamh
8 expressed with faisg air (plus dat). Almost five hundred names have been put to a petition, chaidh faisg air còig cheud ainm a chur ri athchuinge
alms n dèirc f, gen dèircean. Giving alms, a’ toirt dèirce. I’ll have to go begging for alms, feumaidh mi a dhol a shireadh na dèirce
Alness pr n Alanais
aloft adv 1 (a) (rest) gu h-àrd
(b) (motion) an àird. He went aloft, chaidh e an àirde
2 (a) (rest) shuas
(b) (motion) suas
alone a 1 expressed with prep pron from le plus fhèin. I was alone last night, bha mi leam fhèin a-raoir. She lived alone, bha i fuireach leatha fhèin. Were you alone? a robh thu leat fhèin?
2 na aonar. We are alone here, tha sinn nar n-aonar a seo. Is she alone? a bheil i na h-aonar? A letter addressed to my mother alone, litir air a seòladh gu mo mhàthair na h-aonar
3 expressed with neg plus aige ach e fhèin. He was alone, cha robh aige ach e fhèin. She was alone apart from Ann, cha robh aice ach i fhèin is Anna
4 expressed with ònrachan m, gen ònrachain, pl ònrachanan. Why are you staying alone over there? carson a tha thu a’ fuireach nad ònrachan thall a sin?
5 expressed with dùdag f. She’s none the better of that, to be staying in alone like that, chan fheàirrd i sin, a bhith a’ fuireach a-staigh na dùdag mar siod
all alone a phr 1 expressed with lethneach m. He always stayed all alone away from other people, bha e riamh a’ fuireach na lethneach bho chàch
2 expressed with lethfhear m. The drake would be the better of a duck, he wouldn’t be all alone over there, b’ fheàirrd an ràc tunnag, cha bhiodh e na lethfhear thall a sin
let alone conj phr expressed with gun luaidh air. You’d be proud with just one of them, let alone both, bhiodh pròis air neach le aon neach dhiubh, gun luaidh air na dhà
along prep 1 air. Cut it along its length, geàrr air fhad e. We were walking along the shore, bha sinn a’ coiseachd air a’ chladach. I was going along the road, bha mi a’ falbh air an rathad. I don’t go along the beach so much now, chan eil mi a’ dèanamh uibhir a dh’fhalbh air a’ chladach a-nis. Along which streets do John and Mary walk in opposite directions? dè na sràidean air am bi Iain agus Màiri a’ coiseachd an aghaidh a chèile?
2 air fad (plus gen). Now move your fingers down column F and along row 7 till they both meet in the same square, a-nis gluais do chorragan sìos colbh F agus air fad sreath 7 gus an coinnich na dhà anns an aon cheàrnaig
3 sìos, or suas. I was going along the road, bha mi a’ dol sìos, suas, an rathad. They might have made the road along the shore, dh’fhaodadh iad a bhith air an rathad a dhèanamh suas an cladach
4 expressed with a-null. The gap in the dyke going along to the peats, a’ chab air a’ ghàrradh a’ dol a-null chon na mòine
5 expressed with leatha prep pron. There’s hay from Donald’s house along to the south, tha feur ann bho thaigh Dhòmhnaill suas leatha
6 not directly expressed. I saw them going along hand-in-hand, chunnaic mi iad a’ falbh air làmhan a chèile. Did you walk along the Druim Ruadh alone at night? an do choisich thu an Druim Ruadh leat fhèin air an oidhche? The dyke goes along beside the burn, tha an gàrradh a’ falbh ri taobh an uillt
along with prep phr 1 (a) còmhla ri (plus dat). Who was along with you? cò bha còmhla riut? The teacher can demonstrate reading for pleasure along with pupils, faodaidh an tidsear leughadh airson toileachaidh fhoillseachadh còmhla ris a’ chloinn
(b) cuide ri (plus dat)
(c) maille ri (plus dat)
2 a thuilleadh air (plus dat). Along with audio and video recordings, a thuilleadh air teipichean-èisteachd agus bhideo
3 an cois (plus gen). They must follow the rules that come along with the dipping stuff, feumaidh iad na riaghailtean a leantainn a tha a’ tighinn an cois an stuth dhoibidh
alongside adv expressed with ri taobh (with prep pron). She came in alongside, thàinig i a-steach rir taobh
alongside prep 1 ri taobh (plus gen). She came in alongside the quay, thàinig i a-steach ri taobh a’ chidhe
2 làimh ri (plus dat). Right alongside them, ceart làimh riutha
aloud adv 1 a-mach. Reading aloud, a’ leughadh a-mach. Stories read aloud, stòiridhean air an leughadh a-mach. Reading aloud should be an every-day class activity, tha còir aig leughadh a-mach a bhith a’ dol gu làitheil anns a’ chlas. Developing the skills of reading aloud, a’ toirt air adhart sgilean leughaidh a-mach
2 os n-àird. They will also read, on occasion aloud, bidh iad cuideachd a’ leughadh, uairean os n-àird
3 gu h-àrd-ghuthach
alp n ailp f or alp m, gen ailp, pl ailpean or alpan
alphabet n aibidil f, pl aibidilean
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), Aibidil Fhogharach Eadar-Nàiseanta (AFE)
alphabetical a 1 aibidileach
2 na h-aibidil. In alphabetical order, ann an òrdugh na h-aibidil
Alpine a Ailpeach or Alpach
already adv 1 cheana, a cheana. Pupils who are already beyond Level E, clann a tha cheana seach Ìre E. Although the speech children bring to school already makes use of complex structures, ged a tha a’ chainnt-bheòil a tha a’ chlann a’ toirt don sgoil a’ dèanamh feum cheana de structairean ioma-fhillte. Some may have already started to recognise single words, bidh cuid, ’s dòcha, a bhitheas air tòiseachadh cheana air faclan fa leth aithneachadh. He had done that already, rinn e sin a cheana
2 mar-thà. The scones are getting hard already, tha na sgonaichean a’ fàs cruaidh mar-thà. He had done that already, rinn e sin mar-thà. She already has false teeth, tha fiaclan tilgte innte mar-thà
3 not directly expressed. Some may already possess good general alertness, faodaidh cuid a bhith gu math beòthail dhiubh fhèin
alright a 1 gu math. Perhaps if everything is alright he’ll come tomorrow, dh’fhaodadh ma bhios a h-uile cùis gu math gun tig e a-màireach
2 ceart gu leòr. Are you alright? a bheil thu ceart gu leòr?
3 (quite alright, perfectly alright) snasail. The sheep is quite alright, tha a’ chaora snasail. She is quite alright now, tha i snasail gu leòr a-nis. There wasn’t any leak, the house was quite alright, cha robh aoidean ann, bha an taigh snasail
4 expressed with an ìre mhath. They work was difficult for some, but I found it alright, bha an obair duilich do chuid, ach bha mise ga faighinn an ìre mhath
alsatian n (German shepherd dog) alsàiseach m, gen & pl alsàisich
also adv 1 cuideachd. He also lost a proportion of customers because of it, chaill e roinn chustamairean mar thoradh air cuideachd
2 mar an ceudna. He came also, thàinig esan mar an ceudna
3 aig a’ cheart àm. The types of activities described in the Programmes of Study will also require adaptations, feumar aig a’ cheart àm tomhas de dh’atharrachadh a dhèanamh air na seòrsachan obrach a tha air an cur a-mach anns na Clàran Oideachaidh
alter n altair f, gen altarach, altaire, pl altairean
alter v tr 1 atharraich, vn atharrachadh m
2 mùth, vn mùthadh m
3 expressed with fiaradh m. That did not make him alter his ways, cha tug sin fiaradh às
alteration n 1 atharrachadh m, gen atharrachaidh, pl atharrachaidhean
alternate a expressed with mu seach. Alternate permeable and impermeable layers, breathan so-dhrùidhteach agus neo-dhrùidhteach ma seach
alternately adv 1 mu seach. Do it alternately, dèan mu seach e
2 expressed with neach mu seach. We’ll do it alternately, nì sinn e neach ma seach
alternative n 1 (a) roghainn f, pl roghainnean. To offer alternatives and raise issues, roghainnean a chur an cèill agus puingean a thogail
(b) roghainn f eile, pl roghainnean eile. What alternatives does she have? dè na roghainnean eile a tha aice?
no alternative n phr 1 expressed with neg plus roghainn f eile. There is no alternative, chan eil roghainn eile ann
2 (a) expressed with neg plus dà dhòigh air. There is no alternative, chan eil dà dhòigh air
(b) expressed with neg plus dà rian air. The poor man had no alternative, cha robh dà rian aig an duine bhochd air
3 expressed with neg plus air plus ach. There was no alternative but to make for home, cha robh air ach dèanamh air an dachaigh
alternative a 1 eadar-dhealaichte. Some pupils may demonstrate their attainment by using alternative forms of communication, faodaidh cuid a bhith a’ nochdadh na bheil iad air a choileanadh le bhith a’ cleachdadh modhan conaltraidh eadar-dhealaichte. Respond relevantly by questioning, supporting an opinion or offering an alternative point of view, a’ freagairt gu h-iomchaidh le bhith a’ cur cheistean, a’ cur taice ri beachd no a’ tairgse barail eadar-dhealaichte
2 eile. Teachers should use texts in English on Gaelic matters to provide an alternative point of view, bu chòir do thidsearan teacsaichean Beurla air cùisean na Gàidhlig a chleachdadh gus beachd eile a chur
3 expressed with seach an àbhaist. Some pupils will have difficulties that may require the provision of alternative means of communication, bidh duilgheadasan aig cuid a dh’fheumas, ’s dòcha, modhan conaltraidh seach an àbhaist a chur nan tairgse
make alternative arrangements v phr cuir rian eile air dòigh, vn cur rian eile air dòigh. My child may only be collected by myself unless I make alternative arrangements with group staff, chan fhaod ach mi fhèin an neach-cloinne agam a thogail mur cuir mi rian eile air dòigh le luchd-obrach na buidhne
alternator n riaghladair m (sruth-dealain), pl riaghladairean
although conj 1 ged
2 ach. They may need a greater emphasis on oral work, although reading and writing skills should be encouraged, ’s dòcha gum bi feum aca air cudthrom nas motha a bhith air obair labhairt, ach bu chòir misneachadh a dhèanamh air obair leughaidh agus sgrìobhaidh
altitude n àirde f (os cionn)
altocumulus n altocumulus m
altocumulus mod altocumulus. Altocumulus cloud, sgòth altocumulus
altogether adv 1 cuideachd. Let’s go altogether, nach tèid sinn ann cuideachd
2 buileach. That was worse altogether, bha siod na bu mhiosa buileach. The other path is narrower altogether, tha an ceum eile nas caoile buileach
3 (a) gu lèir
(b) uile gu lèir
4 gu h-iomlan
5 còmhla. Altogether now! a h-uile duine còmhla a-nis!
(b) còmhla ri chèile. Sing altogether, seinnibh còmhla ri chèile
altostratus n altostratus m
altostratus mod altostratus. Altostratus cloud, sgòth altostratus
altruism n altrachas m, gen altrachais
altruist n altraidheach m, gen & pl altraidhich
altruistic a altraidheach
alum n alm m, gen ailm
alum salts n phr alm m, gen ailm
aluminium n 1 alùmanam m, gen alùmanaim. Aluminium sulphate, sulfait alùmanaim
2 almain m
alunite n (mineralogy) aluinit f
alveolar a ailbhealach
alveo-palatal a ailbheal-phalatach
alveoli n pl 1 ailbheoili m pl
2 còsagan f pl
always adv 1 daonnan. He’s always in a good mood, bidh fonn math air daonnan. But they should always be relevant to children’s own lives and experiences, ach tha còir aca daonnan a bhith a tighinn a-rèir beatha agus fiosraichidhean na cloinne fhèin. Poems may no longer always have rhymes, ’s dòcha nach bi comhardadh daonnan a-nis anns na duain. Such teaching should always be within a meaningful context, tha còir aig a leithid seo de theagasg a bhith daonnan ann an suidheachadh brìoghmhor
2 an-còmhnaidh. They always say the same thing, tha iad an còmhnaidh ag ràdh an aon rud. We always used to do it, bhiodh sinn ga dhèanamh an-còmhnaidh. I always have a list for him, tha liost agam dha an-còmhnaidh. He was always so friendly and he was always going to see people, bha e a-riamh cho duineil is bha e an-còmhnaidh a’ dol a choimhead air feadhainn
3 a ghnàth
4 gu sìorraidh. She’s always trailed in the mud like that, tha an aon roisean oirre gu sìorraidh
5 am-feast
6 (with past reference) a-riamh. He was always like that, bha e riamh mar sin. Fish always made me feel lacking in energy, bha an t-iasg a-riamh gam dhèanamh mì-shunndach. He was always so friendly and he was always going to see people, bha e a-riamh cho duineil is bha e an còmhnaidh a’ dol a choimhead air feadhainn
7 a h-uile uair
8 anns gach àm
Alzheimer’s disease n phr tinneas m Alzheimer, gen tinneis Alzheimer
am v i, see be v i
a.m., sa mhadainn. At seven a.m., aig seachd sa mhadainn. Abbreviated m. 10 a.m., 10 m.
amalgamate v tr 1 amalaich, vn amalachadh m
2 cuir le chèile, vn cur le chèile
amalgamated a 1 amalaichte
2 aonaichte
amaranth n 1 (dye) amarantas m, gen amarantais
2 (botany) (a) (Amaranthus spp.) amarantas m, gen & pl amarantais
(b) (Amaranthus caudatus), see love-lies-bleeding n
amateur n amaitearach m, gen & pl amaitearaich
amateur a 1 neo-dhreuchdail
2 amaitearach
amaze v tr 1 cuir mòr-iongnadh air, vn cur mòr-iongnaidh air. It amazed me, chuir e mòr-iongnadh orm
2 cuir iongnadh air, vn cur iongnaidh air
amazing a iongantach
amazement n mòr-iongnadh m, gen mòr-iongnaidh
2 iongnadh m, gen iongnaidh ; also iongantas m, gen iongantais
amazonite n = amazonstone n
amazonstone n (mineralogy) clach-amasoin f, gen cloiche-amasoin
ambassador n ambasadair m, pl ambasadairean
amber n òmar m, gen òmair
ambidextrous a co-dheaslamhach
ambience n àrainneachd f. A Gaelic ambience in the classroom, àrainneachd Ghàidhlig anns an rùm-theagaisg
ambiguity n dà-sheaghachd f, pl dà-sheaghachdan ; also dà-sheaghachas m, gen dà-sheaghachais, pl dà-sheaghachasan. If one were seeking a concise way to represent a type of metre definitely, without ambiguity, one would have to name the kind of feet occurring in the lines as well as give the formula for the syllables, nam bite a’ lorg dòigh ghoirid gus gnè mheadrachd a riochdachadh gu cinnteach, gun dà-sheaghachd, dh’fheumte an seòrsa throìghean a bha air na sreathan ainmeachadh cho math ri foirmle nan lidean a thoirt
ambiguous a dà-sheaghach
ambit n raon, gen raoin. That comes under its ambit, tha sin a’ tighinn san raon aige
ambition n 1 glòir-mhiann m, gen glòir-mhianna
2 euchd-mhiann m, gen euchd-mhianna
ambitious a 1 glòir-mhiannach. An ambitious man, duine glòir-mhiannach
2 dian-thograch
amblygonite n (mineralogy) aimbliogoinit f
ambulance n 1 carbad-eiridinn m, gen carbaid-eiridinn, pl carbadan-eiridinn
2 ambaileans f, pl ambaileansan
ambush n feall-fhalach m, gen & pl feall-fhalaich ; also feall-fholach m, gen & pl feall-fholaich
ambush v tr 1 dèan feall-fhalach air, vn dèanamh feall-fhalaich air
2 thig air gun fhios, vn tighinn air gun fhios
ameliorate v tr 1 cur am feabhas, vn cur am feabhas
2 dèan nas fheàrr, vn dèanamh nas fheàrr
amen adv amen
amenable a 1 fosgailte (to, do)
2 srìochdte. He was formerly short-tempered, but since illness has come his way he has become amenable, bha e roimhe goirid san nàdar, ach bho thàinig trioblaid air dh’fhàs e srìochdte
amend v tr 1 atharraich, vn atharrachadh m
2 leasaich, vn leasachadh m
amends n pl 1 dìoladh m, gen dìolaidh
2 èirig f
make amends v phr 1 dèan rèite, vn dèanamh rèite (to, ri)
2 thoir ceartas, vn toirt ceartais (to, do)
amendment n 1 atharrachadh m, gen atharrachaidh, pl atharraichidhean. Amendments to current practice, atharraichidhean air an obair a tha a’ dol an ceartuair
2 leasachadh m, gen leasachaidh, pl leasachaidhean
amenity n 1 goireas m, gen goireis, pl goireasan. The area has many amenities, tha mòran ghoireasan san àite
2 goireas-taitneis m, gen goireis-thaitneis, pl goireasan-taitneis. Water amenity, goireasan-taitneis co-cheangailte ri uisge
amenity mod ghoireasan. Amenity index, ìre ghoireasan
America pr n Ameireagaidh f
American n Ameireaganach m, gen & pl Ameireaganaich
American a Ameireaganach. American bittern, corra-ghràin Ameireaganach
amethyst n aimitis f, pl aimitisean
amiable a geanail
amicable a 1 càirdeil. An amicable chap, fear a tha càirdeil
2 suairce. He was quite amicable about it, bha e suairce gu leòr ma dheidhinn
amid, amidst prep 1 am measg (plus gen)
2 am meadhan (plus gen)
amino acid n phr searbhag f amino, gen searbhaig amino, pl searbhagan amino
amiss a ceàrr. Is there anything amiss? a bheil dad ceàrr?
ammonia n amòinia f
ammunition n 1 connadh-làmhaich m, gen connaidh-làmhaich
2 adhbhar-làmhaich m, gen adhbhair-làmhaich
amnesty n 1 mathanas m coitcheann, gen mathanais choitchinn
2 lèir-loghadh m, gen lèir-loghaidh
amoeboid a amoebeach
among, amongst prep 1 am measg (plus gen). Among us, nar measg-ne. Among you, nur measg-se. Among them, nam measg-san. The calf is running amongst the lambs, tha an laogh a’ ruith am measg nan uan. Put it amongst the rest, cuir e am measg a’ chorra. He’ll be amongst the others, bidh e am measg chàich. We divided them amongst ourselves, roinn sinn iad nar measg fhèin. The land was divided amongst the tenants into crofts, chaidh am fearann a roinn am measg nan teanantan na chroitean
2 air (plus dat). My father was among the first to go, chaidh m’athair ann air a’ chiad fheadhainn. He’d be amongst the oldest of them, bhiodh e air an fheadhainn a bu shine dhiubh
3 air feadh (plus gen)
4 eadar (plus rad). Among ourselves, eadarainn fhìn. Among yourselves, eadaraibh fhèin. Among yourselves, eatorra fhèin
amorous a gaolach
amount n 1 meud m. Amount of surface, meud uachdair
2 (a) uimhir f. The same amount, a cheart uimhir. She had the same amount of sense, bha a cheart uimhir de chèill aice
(b) uiread m, gen uireid. The same amount, a cheart uiread
3 (sum of money) suim f, gen suime, pl suimean, suimeannan. What amount of money did they want? dè an t-suim airgid a bha iad ag iarraidh? It’s not the amount but the spirit that counts, chan e an t-suim ach an spiorad a tha cunntadh
4 expressed with na plus faigh, vn faighinn. Pupils will begin to learn Gaelic at different points and the amount and nature of their experience of it will vary, bi a’ chlann a’ tòiseachadh air a’ Ghàidhlig aig amannan eadar-dhealaichte, agus chan ionnan na tha iad uile a’ faighinn dhith
5 not directly expressed. Progress will assume an adequate amount of time for learning, bithear a’ gabhail ris gum bi ùine gu leòr ann airson ionnsachaidh
amount v i
amount to v phr thig gu, vn tighinn gu. It amounts to a few pounds, tha e a’ tighinn gu beagan notaichean
amphibian n 1 dà-bheathach m, gen dà-bheathaich, pl dà-bheathaichean
2 muir-thìreach m, gen & pl muir-thìrich
amphibian a dà-bheathach
amphibious a 1 dà-bheathach. An amphibious vehicle, carbad dà-bheathach
• (botany) dà-bheathach
amphibole n (mineralogy) aimfibol m, gen & pl aimfiboil
amphibolite n (mineralogy) aimfiobailit f
amphitheatre n amharclann f, gen amharclainn, pl amharclannan
ample a 1 pailt
2 mòr
3 làn preceding n. Pupils should be given ample opportunity to hear Gaelic, tha còir làn chothrom a thoirt don chloinn a bhith a’ cluinntinn Gàidhlig
amplification n meudachadh m, gen meudachaidh
amplify v tr meudaich, vn meudachadh m
amplitude n meudachd f. Sound amplitude, meudachd fuaim
amputate v tr teasg, vn teasgadh m
2 expressed with thoir, vn toirt f, plus de. His leg was amputated, chaidh a’ chas a thoirt dheth
amputation n 1 teasgadh m, gen teasgaidh, pl teasgaidhean
2 expressed with thoir, vn toirt f, plus de
amuse v tr 1 toilich, vn toileachadh m
2 expressed with thoir gàire air, vn toirt gàire air
amusing a èibhinn
amusement n 1 fealla-dhà m
2 caitheamh-aimsire m, gen caitheimh-aimsire
3 faoin-chleas m, pl faoin-chleasan
amusement mod fhaoin-chleasan. Amusement arcade, ionad fhaoin-chleasan
amygdaloidal a (mineralogy) amagdaloideach
anachronism n às-aimsireachd f, pl às-aimsireachdan
anachronistic a às-aimsireil
anacoluthia n ao-cheangal m, gen ao-cheangail
anaconda n (Eunectes murinus) anacanda m, pl anacandathan
anaemia n 1 cion-fala m
2 anaemachd f
anaemic a 1 expressed with le cion-fala
2 anaemach
anaerobic a anaireòbach. Anaerobic respiration, analachadh anaireòbach
anaesthesia n an-fhaireachdainn m
2 anaisteisia f
anaesthetic n 1 an-fhaireachdair
2 anaisteataig
anaesthetise v tr anaisteataich, vn anaisteatachadh m
anaesthetist n anaisteataiche m, pl anaisteataichean
anagram n anagram f, gen anagraim, pl anagraman
analcime n (mineralogy) analsaim m
analogical a samhlachasail
analogous a coltach
2 coltach ri chèile
analogy n 1 samhlachas m, gen samhlachais, pl samhlachasan. What analogy is the poet drawing between … and…, dè an samhlachas a tha am bàrd a’ dèanamh eadar … agus…
2 expressed with samhlaich v, vn samhlachadh m. They will be encouraged to draw analogies between what a text is portraying and their own ideas, gheibh iad am misneachadh gu bhith a’ samhlachadh na tha teacsa a’ dealbhachadh ri an cuid bhun-bheachdan
analyse v 1 mìnich, vn mìneachadh m. Analyse what is in the poet’s mind when he says…, mìnich dè a tha ann an inntinn a’ bhàird an uair a tha e ag ràdh…
2 (grammar) bris sìos, vn briseadh sìos. Analyse the word ‘òigridh’, making clear how it is put together, bris sìos am facal ‘òigridh’, a’ dèanamh soilleir mar a tha e air a chur ri chèile
• dèan anailis f air, vn dèanamh anailis air
3 (a) sgrùd, vn sgrùdadh m. In analysing a taped performance, the pupils will recognise key points in the discussion, ann a bhith a’ sgrùdadh na chaidh a chur air teip de an cuid bheachdachaidh aithnichidh a’ chlann na nithean as cudthromaiche. Reports based on pupils’ reading will involve the teacher in helping them to analyse the text, cuiridh aithisgean a tha air am bonntachadh air leughadh chloinne an tidsear an greim ann a bhith gan cuideachadh gus sgrùdadh a dhèanamh air an teacsa
(b) geur-sgrùd, vn geur-sgrùdadh m. They may analyse reading strategies for evidence of skill or difficulties, faodaidh iad innleachdan leughaidh a gheur-sgrùdadh mar dhearbhadh air sgil no duilgheadasan. They may analyse by observation the nature of physical difficulties in handwriting, faodaidh iad geur-sgrùdadh a dhèanamh air gnè thrioblaidean corparra ann an làmh-sgrìobhadh
(c) mion-sgrùd, vn mion-sgrùdadh m
4 (a) rannsaich, vn rannsachadh m. This enables pupils to collect, organise, analyse and apply information through databases, tha seo a’ toirt cothroim do chloinn fiosrachadh a thional, a riaghladh, a rannsachadh agus a chur an sàs tro stòir-dàta
(b) mion-rannsaich, vn mion-rannsachadh m
5 (a) sgar, vn sgaradh m. In order to analyse issues raised in discussion, gus cùisean a sgaradh a chaidh a thogail rè beachdachaidh
(b) eadar-sgar vn eadar-sgaradh. An ability to analyse, comas eadar-sgaradh a dhèanamh
analysis n 1 mion-sgrùdadh m, gen mion-sgrùdaidh. Terms and concepts to be used in the analysis and study of texts, briathran agus bun-smuaintean a tha gus an cleachdadh ann am mion-sgrùdadh agus rannsachadh nan teacsaichean
2 eadar-sgaradh m, gen eadar-sgaraidh. Growing independence in the analysis of what is required, fàs ann an neo-eisimeileachd ann an eadar-sgaradh air na tha riatanach
3 (a) mion-rannsachadh m, gen mion-rannsachaidh
(b) expressed with rannsaich v, vn rannsachadh m. Studying representations of Gaelic culture for discussion and analysis, a’ gabhail ealla ri dòighean-riochdachaidh air dualchas na Gàidhlig gus am beachdachadh ’s an rannsachadh
4 (grammar) briseadh-sìos m, gen brisidh-sìos. Grammatical analysis, briseadh-sìos gràmarach
• anailis f
5 (chemistry) anailis f
analysis mod sgrùdaidh. They may use miscue analysis procedures in reading, faodaidh iad dòighean sgrùdaidh air iomrallan a chleachdadh ann an leughadh
analyst n 1 mion-sgrùdair m, pl mion-sgrùdairean
2 anailise m, pl anailisean
analytic a (linguistics) sgaoilte. Analytic verb, gnìomhair sgaoilte
anarchy n ain-riaghailt if
anatase n (mineralogy) anatàs m, gen anatàis
anatomical a 1 bodhaigeach
2 anatomach
anatomy n 1 eòlas-bodhaig m, gen eòlais-bhodhaig
2 anatomachd f
ancestor n sinnsear m, gen sinnsir, pl sinnsirean. But my ancestors, they’d use sickles, ach mo shinnsirean, bhiodh iad ag obair le corranan
ancestry n 1 sinnsearachd f
2 fineachas m, gen fineachais. It’s what you’d expect of someone of his ancestry, cha bu dol à fineachas dha e (said of someone who resembles someone else to whom he is related)
anchor n acair f, gen acrach, pl acraichean. A boat’s anchor, acair bàta. Coming to anchor, a’ tighinn gu h-acair. Dragging the anchor, a’ tarraing na h-acrach. The boat dragged the anchor with the force of the wind, tharraing am bàta an acair aig neart na gaoithe. Riding at anchor, a’ laighe ri h-acair, or a’ laighe air acair. They weighed anchor, thog iad an acair. Weighing anchor, a’ togail na h-acrach
stone-anchor n cruaidh f, gen cruadhach, pl cruadhaichean. They dropped the stone-anchor, chuir iad a-mach a’ chruaidh
anchor v 1 v tr (a) acraich, vn acrachadh m
(b) cuir air acair, vn cur air acair
2 v i tilg acair, vn tilgeil acrach. The ship anchored, thilg an long acair
anchored a 1 air acair
2 expressed with na laighe air acair
anchorage n acarsaid f, gen acarsaide, pl acarsaidean
anchovy n (Engraulis encrasiocolus) ainseabhaidh m, pl ainseabhaidhean
ancient a àrsaidh
anciently adv o shean
ancillary a faice. Ancillary material and facilities, stuthan faice agus sochairean faice
and conj 1 agus
2 is
and conj 1 (a) (i) agus
(ii) is, ’s
(b) expressed with an dà chuid … agus. They enable information to be relayed by means of a fast and cost-effective electronic process, tha iad a’ toirt cothroim do dh’fhiosrachadh a bhith air a lìobhraigeadh tro mheadhan-dealain a tha an dà chuid luath agus cosg-èifeachdach. Information, written and spoken, will be clearly communicated in as many languages as necessary, thèid fiosrachadh, an dà chuid air a sgrìobhadh agus air a labhairt, a chur an cèill gu soilleir ann an uiread de chànainean a tha riatanach
2 often omitted between adjectives in Gaelic. With colourful and interesting reading materials, le stuthan leughaidh dathail, inntinneach. Work should continue in a progressive and systematic fashion, tha còir gun leanadh an obair aca ann an dòigh adhartach, rianail
3 expressed with cho math ri. It should cover the language of personal interaction, and language related to the topics and processes involved in school work, bu chòir cànain phearsanta eadar dhaoine a ghabhail a-staigh, cho math ri cànain a tha co-cheangailte ris na cuspairean agus na gnìomhan a bhuineas do dh’obair-sgoile. Pupils will read short narrative texts, and transcripts of tapes and dialogues, bidh a’ chlann a’ leughadh theacsaichean-aithris goirid, cho math ri sgrìobhaidhean a thogadh o theipichean agus o chòmhraidhean
4 expressed with ach a, ach an, ach am (plus dep v). Come and see this, trobhad ach am faic thu seo
5 expressed with gus. This approach enables pupils to concentrate their minds and make the task manageable for both teacher and class, bheir sin cothrom don chloinn an inntinn a shocrachadh gus an gnìomh a làimhseachadh an dà chuid leis an tidsear agus leis a’ chlas
andalusite n (mineralogy) andaluisit f
andesite n (mineralogy) aindeisit f
andradite n (mineralogy) andraidit f
anecdote n naidheachd f, pl naidheachdan. She was full of anecdotes, bha i làn naidheachdan
anecdotal a naidheachdail
anecdote n naidheachd f, pl naidheachdan
anemometer n meidh-ghaoithe f, pl meidhean-gaoithe
anemone, beadlet n (Actinia equina) cìoch-thraghad f ghrìogaig, gen cìche-traghad grìogaig, pl cìochan-traghad grìogaig
anemone, dahlia n (Tealia felina) cìoch-thraghad f dhàilia, gen cìche-traghad dàilia, pl cìochan-traghad dàilia
anemone, sea n (order Actinaria) cìoch-thraghad f, gen cìche-traghad, pl cìochan-traghad ; cìochag-thraghad f, gen cìochaig-traghad, pl cìochagan-traghad
anemone, wood n (Anemone nemerosa) 1 lus m na gaoithe
2 flùr m na gaoithe, gen flùir na gaoithe
anemone, yellow n (Anemone ranunculoides) lus m buidhe na gaoithe, gen lus bhuidhe na gaoithe
anew adv 1 às ùr. They started anew, thòisich ias às-ùr
2 a-rithist. We’ll just have to start anew, feumaidh sinn dìreach tòiseachadh a-rithist
angel n aingeal m, gen aingil, pl ainglean. You’re an angel! tha thu nad aingeal!
angel-fish n (Squatina squatina) manach m, gen & pl manaich
angelic a 1 ainglidh ; also ainglidheach
2 mar aingeal
angelica n (Angelica sylvestris) 1 aingealag f, gen aingileig
2 gall-odharan m, gen gall-odharain ; also gall-fhiùran m, gen gall-fhiùrain
3 lus-nam-buadh m
angelica, garden n (Angelica archangelica) 1 aingealag f ghàrraidh, gen aingileig gàrraidh
anger n fearg f, gen feirge
anger v tr cuir fearg air, vn cur feirge air. He angered me, chuir e fearg orm. Don’t anger yourself, na cuir fearg ort fhèin
angina a aingine f
angle n ceàrn m, pl ceàrnan. Acute angle, ceàrn caol. Obtuse angle, ceàrn farsaing. Reflex angle, ceàrn fosgailte
at an angle adv phr air fiaradh
angled bracket n phr camag f bhiorach, pl camagan biorach
angle v tr iasgaich, vn iasgach m, (le slait)
angling n iasgach m (slaite), gen iasgaich (slaite). He’s keen on angling, tha e dèidheil air an iasgach
angler n 1 iasgair m (slaite), pl iasgairean (slaite)
2 see anglerfish n
anglerfish n (Lophius piscatorius) mac-làmhaich m
anglesite n (mineralogy) anglaisit f
anglophone a expressed with luchd na Beurla. To explore the underlying reasons for all viewpoints, including the dominance and attractions of anglophone culture, rannsachadh a dhèanamh air na tha a’ gluasad a h-uile beachd a tha ann, agus sin a’ gabhail a-staigh uachdranachd agus tarraingeachd dualchas luchd na Beurla
angry a 1 feargach, comp feargaiche. He got angry, dh’fhàs e feargach. He was angry with him, bha e feargach ris
2 diombach, comp diombaiche. Daddy will be angry with you, bidh Dadaidh diombach ort. If I didn’t comb my hair my Mummy would be angry, mur cìrinn mo cheann bhiodh mo Mhamaidh diombach
3 gnù. He was looking angry, bha e a’ coimhead gnù
4 expressed with greadan m air, gen greadain air. no-one ever saw him scowling or angry, chan fhaca duine a-riamh greann na greadan air
become angry v phr 1 fàs feargach, vn fàs feargach
2 gabh fearg f, vn gabhail feirge
very angry a phr 1 glè fheargach
2 expressed with an cuthach m, gen a’ chuthaich. He was very angry about it, bha an cuthach air ma dheidhinn
3 expressed with de thabhaill. The Lord will be very angry, bidh an Tighearna de thabhaill
anguish n 1 cràdh m, gen cràidh. The cause of my anguish, fàth mo chràidh
2 àmhghar m, gen àmhghair
3 dòrainn f
angular a 1 ceàrnach
2 geur. She was so thin and angular somehow, bha i cho caol is cho geur rathad-eigin
anhydrite n (mineralogy) anhidrit f
animal n 1 ainmhidh m, gen ainmhidhe, pl ainmhidhean. An animal may become a focus for imagined events, faodaidh ainmhidh a thighinn gu bhith ann an teis mheadhan nithean a tha a’ tachairt anns a’ mhac-mheanmna
2 beathach m, gen beathaich, pl beathaichean. There are no wild animals here, chan eil beathaichean fiadhaich ann an seo ann. Every animal has its own use, tha fheum fhèin aig a h-uile beathach. To protect the crops and to preserve the grazing the animals were moved to summer pastures, gus am bàrr a dhìon agus gus an talamh-ionaltraidh a ghlèidheadh bha na beathaichean air an gluasad gu àirighean san t-samhradh
3 brùid f, gen brùide, pl brùidean
animal mod ainmhidheach. Animal resources, stòras ainmhidheach
animalcule, wheel n (rotifer) rothanach m, gen & pl rothanaich
animate v tr beothaich, vn beothachadh m
animated a 1 beothaichte
2 beothail
animation n 1 beothachadh m, gen beothachaidh
2 beothalachd f
3 beò-dhealbh m, pl beò-dhealbhan
animosity n gamhlas m, gen gamhlais
anise cap n (aniseed toadstool, Clitocybe odora) ceap m ainise, gen cip ainise, pl ceapan ainise
ankerite n (mineralogy) ancairit f
ankle n 1 adhbrann f, gen adhbrainn, pl adhbrainnean. My ankles, m’adhbrainnean. My leg is sore down to the ankle, tha mo chas goirt a-bhàn don adhbrann. Down to the ankles, a-bhàn do na h-adhbrainnean
small of the ankle n phr expressed with caol m na coise, gen & pl caoil na coise
Annabel pr n 1 Barabal f, gen Barabail
2 (a) Anbaile or Anabaile f
(b) Anabal f, gen Anabail
annabergite n (mineralogy) annabeirgit f
annals n pl 1 eachdraidh f bhliadhnail
2 annaladh m, gen annalaidh
annex n 1 leas-thaigh m, gen leas-thaighe, pl leas-thaighean
2 leas-phàipear m, gen leas-phàipeir, pl leas-phàipearan
annihilate v tr 1 dìthich, vn dìtheachadh m
2 (a) (i) sgrios, vn sgrios m, sgriosadh m
(ii) dèan sgrios air, vn dèanamh sgrios air ; also bheir sgrios air, vn toirt sgrios air. I shall annihilate the lot of them, bheir mi sgrios air a h-uile gin aca
(b) (i) lèirsgrios, vn lèirsgrios
(ii) dèan lèirsgrios air, vn dèanamh lèirsgrios air
3 cuir às do, vn cur às do. They were annihilated, chuireadh às dhaibh
annihilation n lèirsgrios m
anniversary n 1 (a) cuimhneachan m bliadhnail, gen & pl cuimhneachain bhliadhnail
(b) cuimhneachan m latha, gen & pl cuimhneachain latha. A wedding anniversary, cuimhneachan latha-phòsaidh
2 ceann-bliadhna m, gen & pl cinn-bhliadhna
annotate v tr 1 notaich, vn notachadh m
2 sgrìobh notaichean, vn sgrìobhadh notaichean
annotated a le notaichean. The teacher can provide annotated lists of recommended books, faodaidh an tidsear liostaichean leabhraichean a thathar a’ moladh a thoirt seachad le notaichean
annotation n 1 notachadh m, gen notachaidh, pl notachaidhean
2 mìneachadh m, gen mìneachaidh, pl mìneachaidhean
announce v tr 1 ainmich, vn ainmeachadh m. It was announced in the church on Sunday, chaidh ainmeachadh anns an eaglais latha na Sàboid
2 cuir an cèill, vn cur an cèill
announcement n expressed with rud m plus ainmeachadh vn. Today’s announcements are…, ’s iad na rudan a tha rin ainmeachadh an-diugh…. Today’s announcements were…, ’s iad na rudan a chaidh ainmeachadh an-diugh….
announcer n neach-innsidh m, pl luchd-innsidh
annoy v 1 (a) cuir amhainn air, vn cur amhainn air ; also cuir athainn air. He annoyed me or I was annoyed by him, chuir e amhainn orm.
(b) cuir dragh air, vn cur dragh air. It will not annoy him, cha chuir e dragh air
(c) cuir tàmailt air, vn cur tàmailt air. It annoyed me or I was annoyed by it, chuir e tàmailt orm
(d) cuir comholc air, vn cur comholc air. What they said annoyed me, chuir an rud a thuirt iad comholc orm
(e) cuir conas air, vn cur conais air. It annoyed me, chuir e conas orm
2 buair, vn buaireadh m
3 anadaich, vn anadachadh m. He was trying to annoy me, bha e feuchainn ri m’anadachadh
4 expressed with bi ag obair air. He’s annoying me, tha e ag obair orm. Stop annoying me! sguir a dh’obair orm!
5 expressed with bi ri. Don’t be annoying the cat, na bi ris a’ chat
annoyed a 1 (a) amhainneach. They were so annoyed at my being there before and their not knowing it, bha iad cho amhainneach mi bhi ann roimhe is gun fhios a bhi aca
(b) expressed with amhainn air. They were annoyed that she didn’t go, bha amhainn orra nach deach i ann
2 diombach, comp diombaiche (with, air)
3 greannach, comp greannaiche. He was going to get annoyed when I started talking to him, ’s ann a bha e a’ dol a dh’fhàs greannach nuair a thòisich mi air bruidhinn ris
4 (a) air do shàrachadh
(b) sàraichte. How annoyed I am with you, cho sàraichte ’s a tha mi leat
5 expressed with leamh. How annoyed I am with you, is mi tha leamh dhìot
annoying a 1 amhainneach. That is annoying, tha sin amhainneach
2 tàmailteach. That is annoying, tha sin tàmailteach. The situation is so annoying, when people won’t come out, tha an rud cho tàmailteach, nuair nach tig sluagh a-mach
3 tàireil. I’m paying for everything, that’s what’s so annoying, tha mise a’ pàigheadh a h-uile dad, sin agad an rud a tha tàireil
4 leamh
annoyance n dragh m, gen dragha, pl draghannan
annual n 1 (publication) bliadhnachan m, gen & pl bliadhnachain
2 (plant) bliadhnag f, gen bliadhnaig, pl bliadhnagan. Annuals and biennials, bliadhnagan agus dà-bhliadhnagan
annual a bliadhnail. Annual average, cuibheas bliadhnail. Annual budget, buidsead bliadhnail. Annual precipitation, sileadh bliadhnail
annually adv 1 gach bliadhna
2 sa bhliadhna
annuity n 1 suim f bhliadhnail, gen suime bliadhnail, pl suimean bliadhnail. He settled an annuity on her, shuidhich e suim bhliadhnail oirre
2 bliadhnachas m, gen bliadhnachais, pl bliadhnachasan
annul n 1 cuir às do, vn cur às do. They annulled it, chuir iad às dha
2 cuir air cùl, vn cur air cùl
3 neo-dhèan, vn neo-dhèanamh m
4 neonich, vn neoneachadh, neonitheachadh m
annular n fàinneach
annulment n 1 neonitheachadh m, gen neonitheachaidh, pl neonitheachaidhean
2 cur m air cùl
anoint v tr ung, vn ungadh m
anointing n ungadh m, gen ungaidh
anon adv a dh’aithghearr
anonymous a 1 gun urra ; also gun urrainn
2 (a) gun ainm
(b) neo-ainmichte
anorak n anarag f, gen anaraig, pl anaragan
anorthosite n (mineralogy) anortaisit f
another pron fear eile, tè eile. It is not, however, the business of media education to choose one view at the expense of another, ach cha bhuin e do dh’oideachadh mu na meadhain a bhith a’ taghadh aon seallaidh ’s a’ cur sìos air fear eile
love one another, biodh gràdh agaibh da chèile
another a eile. Have another one, tog fear eile. Perhaps you’d be in another house the next night, dh’fhaodadh gur ann an taigh eile bhiodh tu an ath oidhche. I remember another Sunday he came to fetch me, tha cuimhne agam latha Sàboid eile a thàinig e gam iarraidh
answer n 1 (a) freagairt f, pl freagairtean ; also freagradh m, gen freagraidh, pl freagraidhean. I got no answer from him, cha d’fhuair mi freagairt bhuaidhe. I got no answer to my letter yet, cha d’fhuair mi freagairt dom litir fhathast
(b) fios m freagairt, gen fios fhreagairt. I got no answer to my letter yet, cha d’fhuair mi fios freagairt dom litir fhathast
2 expressed with guth m. I phoned but I got no answer, dh’fhònaig mi ach cha d’fhuair mi guth
3 fuasgladh m, gen fuasglaidh, pl fuasglaidhean. It is a difficult question to answer, ’s e ceist a tha innte a tha duilich a fuasgladh
answer v tr & i 1 freagair, vn freagairt f. Don’t answer back! na bi a’ freagairt air ais! Pupils are expected to question and answer relevantly, thathar a’ sùileachadh gum bi a’ chlann a’ cur ’s a’ freagairt cheist gu h-iomchaidh
2 (a) thoir freagairt, vn toirt freagairt. Won’t you answer! nach toir thu freagair!
(b) thoir freagairt do, vn toirt freagairt do. He didn’t answer me, cha tug e freagairt dhomh
3 fuasgail, vn fuasgladh m. They couldn’t answer the riddle, cha b’ urrainn dhaibh an tòimhseachan fhuasgladh
answerable a 1 freagrach (to, do) (for, à, or a thaobh). She is answerable for these duties, tha ise freagrach às na dleasdanasan seo. He is answerable to you for the quality of his work, tha e freagrach dhutsa a thaobh maitheas a chuid obrach
2 expressed with bi an urra ri. Mary is answerable for these duties, tha na dleasdanasan seo an urra ri Màiri
3 (a) (i) expressed with gabh freagairt. The question will one day be answerable, gabhaidh a’ cheist freagairt latha air choireigin. The question is not yet answerable, cha ghabh a’ cheist freagairt fhathast
(ii) expressed with is urrainnear freagairt. The question is not yet answerable, chan urrainnear a’ cheist freagairt fhathast
(b) expressed with gabh fuasgladh. The question will one day be answerable, gabhaidh a’ cheist fuasgladh latha air choireigin
ant n (Formicidae) seangan m, gen seangain, pl seangain, seanganan
ants’ eggs n pl phr (actually ants’ grubs) uighean-shneaghan m pl
ant’s nest n phr nead-shneaghan f, gen nide-shneaghan, pl neadan-shneaghan
ant, black garden n (Lasius niger) seangan m dubh, gen seangain dhuibh, pl seangain dhubha
ant, flying n phr (from mating swarms of Formicidae species) seangan-sgiathach m, gen seangain-sgiathaich, pl seangain-sgiathach, seanganan-sgiathach
ant, red n (Myrmica spp.) seangan m dearg, gen seangain dheirg, pl seangain dhearga
ant, wood n (Formica rufa) seangan m coille, gen & pl seangain choille
antagonise v tr rach a-mach air, vn dol a-mach air. To disagree without antagonizing others, a bhith a’ nochdadh easaonta gun a dhol a-mach air feadhainn eile
antagonist n 1 cèile-còmhraig m, gen cèile-chòmhraig, pl cèileachan-còmhraig
2 neach a tha nad aghaidh. He was my antagonist, is esan an neach a bha nam aghaidh
3 co-sheise m & f, pl co-sheiseachan
antagonistic a 1 eascàirdeil
2 expressed with cuir an aghaidh, vn cur an aghaidh
Antarctic pr n Antartaig f, Antarctaig
Antarctic mod na h-Antartaig. The Antarctic Circle, Cearcall na h-Antartaig, Cearcall na h-Antarctaig
Antarctic a Antartaigeach
Antarctica pr n Antartaigea, Antarctaiga
antecedent n (grammar) roi-theachdaire m, pl roi-theachdairean
antediluvian a ron tuil
antelope n antalop f, pl antalopan
2 bocanach m, gen & pl bocanaich
antepenultimate a roi-leth-dheireannach. The antepenultimate syllable, an lide roi-leth-dheireannach. In the fourth phrase of each strophe the second stress is on the antepenultimate syllable, anns a’ cheathramh abairt de gach stròf tha an dara cudthrom air an lide roi-leth-dheireannach
ant-fly n, see ant, flying n
ant-heap n, see ant-hill n
anthem n laoidh m, pl laoidhean
anther n antair m, pl antairean
ant-hill n dùn-shneaghan m, gen & pl dùin-shneaghan
anthology n 1 (a) cruinneachadh m, gen cruinneachaidh, pl cruinnichidhean. Attractive displays of posters, poems and short anthologies, taisbeanaidhean tarraingeach de shanasairean, de dhàin agus de chruinnichidhean goirid. A prose anthology, cruinneachadh ruisg. A poetry anthology, cruinneachadh bàrdachd. If you had to compile a poetry anthology of the work of the twentieth century, list three pieces of poetry you could not omit, nam bitheadh agad ri cruinneachadh bàrdachd a dhèanamh de dh’obair na ficheadamh linn, sgrìobh trì pìosan bàrdachd nach b’ urrainn dhut fhàgail às
(b) cruinneachadh m sgrìobhaidh, pl cruinnichidhean sgrìobhaidh
2 (of verse) duanaire m, pl duanairean
3 expressed with taghadh m, gen taghaidh, pl taghaidhean
anthophyllite n (mineralogy) antaifilit f
anthracite n antraisit f, antrasait f
anthropology n 1 daonn-eòlas, gen daonn-eòlais
2 antraipeòlas, gen antraipeòlas. Social anthropology, antraipeòlas sòisealta
antibiotic n antibiotaig f
antibody n anticorp m, gen & pl anticuirp
anticipate v tr 1 (a) sùilich, vn sùileachadh m
(b) bi plus sùil agad. You anticipated what I was going to say, bha sùil agad ris na bha mi a’ dol a’ ràdh
2 bi plus dùil agad. Once pupils anticipate the likely nature of the content of text, aon uair ’s gum bi dùil aig a’ chloinn ris an nàdar susbaint a tha dualtach a bhith anns an teacsa
3 thoir beachd ro làimh, vn toirt beachd ro làimh. To anticipate how it might be structured, gus beachd a thoirt ro làimh ach ciamar a dh’fhaodadh e bhith air a chur ri chèile
4 ro-ghabh, vn ro-ghabhail m
5 faigh aithne air, vn faighinn aithne air. By showing them how to anticipate what will come next in the text, le bhith a’ nochdadh dhaibh mar a gheibh iad aithne air an ath rud a thig anns an teacsa
6 ro-aithnich, vn ro-aithneachadh m
anticipation n 1 sùileachadh m, gen sùileachaidh
2 ro-ghabhail m
3 ro-aithneachadh m, gen ro-aithneachaidh
anti-climax n dubh-leagail f
anti-clockwise adv & pred a tuathail
antics n 1 expressed with agallaich f, pl agallaichean. What antics are you up to? dè an agallaich a tha ort? or dè na h-agallaichean a tha ort?
2 expressed with eacarsaidh f or eacarsaich f. What antics are you up to? dè an eacarsaidh a tha ort? He’s full of antics, tha e làn eacarsaich
anticyclone n ana-chuairt f èadhair, pl ana-chuairtean èadhair
antidote n ùr-chasg m, gen ùr-chaisg, pl ùr-chasgan
antigen n antigine f, pl antiginean
antigorite n (mineralogy) antiogoirit f
antimony n antamon m, gen antamaoin
anti-oxidant n anti-ogsaidear m
antipathy n 1 fuath f, gen fuatha
2 gràin, f, gen gràine
antiquarianism n àrsaidheachd f
antiquarian n, see antiquary n
antiquarian a expressed with àrsaidh. He has antiquarian interests, tha ùidh aige ann an nithean àrsaidh
antiquary n àrsaidhear m, gen àrsaidheir, pl àrsaidhearan, or àrsair m, pl àrsairean
antique n 1 seann-rud m, pl seann-rudan
2 ball-seanndachd m, gen & pl buill-sheanndachd
antique a 1 seanndaidh
2 seann-saoghlach
antiseptic n antiseipteig m, pl antiseipteigean
antiseptic a antiseipteach. Antiseptic cream, cè antiseipteach
antithesis n frith-choimeas m, gen frith-choimeis, pl frith-choimeasan. How suitable is the antithesis which the poet uses in these lines? dè cho freagarrach ’s a tha am frith-choimeas a tha am bàrd a’ cleachdadh anns na sreathan seo?
the antithesis of prep phr expressed with calg-dhìreach an aghaidh. This is the antithesis of his opinion, tha seo calg-dhìreach an aghaidh a’ bheachd aige
antler n 1 cabar m, gen & pl cabair. The antler was visible past the ear, bha an cabar am fradharc seachad air a’ chluais
2 cabar m fèidh, gen & pl cabair fhèidh
point of antler n phr meur m, gen meòir, pl meòirean
antlered a 1 cabrach, comp cabraiche
2 (poetic) cròiceach. The antlered stag, an damh cròiceach
ant-lion n (Myrmeleonidae) leomhann-shneaghan m, gen & pl leomhainn-shneaghan
antonym n frith-fhacal m, gen & pl frith-fhacail. Write down an antonym for each of the following words, sgrìobh sìos frith-fhacal mu choinneimh gach facail a leanas
anvil n innean m, gen innein, pl inneanan
anxiety n 1 iomagain f. You keep me in anxiety, tha thu gam chumail ann an iomagain
2 expressed with mun cuairt. The affair caused me much anxiety, chuir an rud a bha ann gu mòr mun cuairt mi
anxious a 1 (a) iomagaineach. I’m anxious about it, tha mi iomagaineach ma dheidhinn
(b) expressed with iomagain f. Are you anxious? a bheil iomagain oirbh?
2 expressed with iomnaidh f. I am anxious about them, tha iomnaidh orm air an son
3 (a) cùramach, comp cùramaiche. She is anxious about them, tha i cùramach air an son. He was anxious that you should come, bha e cùramach gun tigeadh tu
(b) expressed with fo chùram. They will be anxious about her, bithidh iad fo chùram air a son
4 expressed with an càs. He was anxious that you should come, bha e an càs gun tigeadh tu
any pron 1 duine m. I haven’t seen any of them this week, chan fhaca mi duine dhiubh an t-seachdain-sa. I doubt whether any of the ministers could actually do Gaelic, bhithinn teagmhach gun dèanadh duine de na ministearan Gàidhlig ann
2 neach m sam bith. The advice I’ d give you is not to give the money to any of them yet, ’s e a’ chomhairle bheirinn dhut, gun an t-airgead a thoirt do neach sam bith aca fhathast
3 gin m. Have you got any? a bheil gin agad? There aren’t any of my sheep getting in, chan eil gin de mo chuid-sa chaorach a’ faighinn a-steach. There’s not any left, chan eil gin air fhàgail
4 (a) rud m Did you manage to get any of it at all? an do thàr thu rud idir dheth fhaighinn?
(b) (informal) boi’d m (from Eng ‘bit’). Have you any at all of the song? a bheil boi’d idir dhen òran agad?
any more pron phr an còrr. There weren’t any more, cha robh an còrr ann
not any n phr also expressed with neg plus ann. There haven’t been any since after the war, cha robh iad ann bho an dèidh a’ chogaidh
any a 1 sam bith. It won’t do any harm, cha dèan e cron sam bith. There isn’t any difference between them, chan eil diofar sam bith eatarra. Any worthwhile Gaelic activity will move in and out of components, bidh gnìomh Gàidhlig sam bith as fhiach an t-saothair a’ gluasad a-mach agus a-steach à earrainnean. Such criteria should be limited to one or two at any one time, tha còir an leithid seo de bhun-chomharraidhean a bhith air an cuingealachadh ri aon no dhà aig àm sam bith
2 expressed with gach. By such means they get a rapid sense of the gist of any communication, tha iad anns an dòigh sin a’ faighinn tuigse gu h-ealamh air brìgh gach adhbhar-chonaltraidh. Any incident will be dealt with as soon as it occurs, thèid dèiligeadh ri gach tachartas cho luath ’s a ghabhas e àite
3 expressed with def art. As a way of alleviating any difficulties experienced as a consequence of a later start in Gaelic, mar dhòigh air na duilgheadasan a lughdachadh a bhitheas acasan a bha na b’ fhaide gun tòiseachadh anns a’ Ghàidhlig
4 expressed with following noun being indefinite. Did she have any brothers? a robh bràithrean aice? He doesn’t have any dog that can do a thing, chan eil cù aige a nì sìon. One mustn’t deny any person his own good, chan eil math a mhath fhèin a thoirt de neach (saying)
any adv not directly expressed. Perhaps that’s not any easier for them, dh’fhaodadh nach ann a sin as fhasa dhaibh e
anybody n, see anyone n
anyone n 1 (a) neach m sam bith. Does anyone know what it is? a bheil fhios aig neach sam bith dè a th’ ann?
(b) neach m. If anyone would see Donald then we’d know, na faiceadh neach Dòmhnall bhiodh fhios
2 not expressed directly. His mother wouldn’t allow anyone to say a word to him, chan fhuilingeadh a mhàthair guth a ràdh ris
anything n 1 (a) rud m. Is anything the matter? a bheil rud ceàrr? She comes on Saturday in case I’m needing anything over the weekend, bidh i a’ tighinn Disathairne mas bithinn feumach air rud air an deireadh sheachdain. The cat must have given up hope of getting anything, feumaidh e bhith gun tug an cat suas a dhùil gu faigheadh e rud. We weren’t getting half or anything like it before, cha robh sinne a’ faighinn a leth no rud nach ionann is e roimhe
(b) rud m sam bith. If he feels anything (any illness) he goes round the houses spreading it, ma dh’fhairicheas e rud sam bith ’s ann a’ falbh nan taighean a bhios e ga sgaoileadh. Watch the needle, that it doesn’t stick in you for anything, thoir an aire air an t-snàthaid, nach tèid i tromhad air rud sam bith
2 (a) nì m
(b) nì m sam bith
3 dad m. Did you get anything? an d’fhuair thu dad? Did he say anything? an tubhairt e dad? I don’t need anything, chan eil feum agam air dad. Is anything the matter? a bheil dad ceàrr?.You wouldn’t have known that there was anything wrong with her, chan aithnicheadh tu gu robh dad dochair rithe
4 càil m. Is anything the matter? a bheil càil ceàrr?
5 sìon m. Did you see anything? am faca tu sìon?
6 (with negative) (informal) steama. I can’t make anything of it, cha dèan mi steama dheth
7 (with a negative v expressing speech) guth m. He didn’t say anything, cha tubhairt e guth. None of her relatives said anything to her, cha tuirt duine de na bhuineadh dhi guth rithe. Have you heard anything about the Martinmas (rent)? an cuala tu guth man Fhèill-Mhàrtainn?
anything else n 1 dad m eile. Will you take anything else? an gabh thu dad eile?
2 rud m sam bith eile. Are you needing anything else? a bheil rud sam bith eile bhuaibh?
3 expressed with na plus faigh. baking soda was better for me than anything else, ’s e soda an arain a b’ fheàrr dhomh dhe na gheobhainn
anyway adv co-dhiù. He had a good fire on anyway, bha deagh theine aige air co-dhiù. It’s certainly wet just now anyway, gu dearbh tha i fliuch an-dràsta co-dhiù. I’d have to get up anyway to feed the cows and horses, dh’fheumainn-sa co-dhiù èirigh a bhiathadh a’ chruidh is na h-eich
anywhere adv 1 àite m sam bith
2 taobh m sam bith. You’ll eat something before you go anywhere, ithidh tu rud mun tèid thu taobh sam bith
anywhere else adv phr 1 expressed with ann an àite eile. I haven’t seen it anywhere else, chan fhaca mi e ann an àite eile
2 expressed with gach àite. Diabaig was as cold as anywhere else, bha Dìobaig cho fuar ri gach àite
aorist a ao-riochda. The aorist tense, an tràth ao-riochda
aorta n cuisle-chinn f, pl cuislean-cinn
apace adv 1 gu luath
2 gu brais
apart adv 1 air leth. We’ll have to keep the pieces apart, feumaidh sinn na pìosan a chumail air leth. They are living apart, tha iad a’ fuireach air leth
2 o chèile, bho chèile. The houses are a good bit apart, tha na taighean caob math bho chèile
apart from prep phr 1 saor o (plus dat)
2 a-mach air (plus dat)
3 expressed with ach a-mhàin. The land beside the river was cleared of people apart from the shepherd, chaidh an sluagh fhuadach às an fhearann ri taobh na h-aibhne, ach an cìobair a-mhàin
come apart v phr sgaoil, vn sgaoileadh. This wheelbarrow is coming apart, tha am bara seo a’ sgaoileadh
coming apart a phr expressed with drabhach (pronounced ‘dra’och’) a. This wooden partition is coming apart so badly, tha an talaint fhiodha seo cho drabhach. These clothes are coming apart, tha an t-aodach seo drabhach
tell apart v phr, see sv tell v
apartheid n apartheid f
apartment n 1 seòmar m, gen seòmair, pl seòmraichean
2 àrosan m, gen & pl àrosain
apathy n cion m ùidhe
apatite n (mineralogy) apaitit f
ape n apa m & f, pl apaichean
ape, barbary n (Macaca sylvana) apa m barbarach, gen apa bharbaraich, pl apaichean barbarach
ape v tr bi ag atharrais air ; also dèan atharrais air, vn dèanamh atharrais air. He aped me, rinn e atharrais orm
aperture n 1 fosgladh m, gen fosglaidh, pl fosglaidhean
2 toll m, gen & pl tuill
apex n 1 binnean m, gen binnein, pl binneanan
2 bàrr m, gen barran, pl barran
aphid n (very small pear-shaped sap-sucking homopteran bug) 1 aifid f, pl aifidean
2 mial-phlannda f
aphid, black bean n (Aphis fabae) (‘blackfly’) aifid f dhubh phònrach f, gen aifid duibhe pònrach pl aifidean dubha pònrach
aphid, cabbage n (Brevicoryne brassicae) aifid f chàil f, pl aifidean càil
aphid, rose n (Macrosiphum rosae) (‘greenfly’) 1 aifid f ròis f, pl aifidean ròis
2 cuileag f ghlas, gen cuileig glaise
aphid, woolly n (Eriosoma lanigerum) aifid f chlòimheach, gen aifid clòimhich, aifidean clòimheach
apiary n beach-lann f, gen beach-lainn, pl beach-lannan
apical a (linguistics) bàrr-teangaidh. An apical consonant, connrag bhàrr-teangaidh
apiece adv 1 an t-aon
2 am fear ; or an tè
3 an neach
apocope n eàrr-ghiorrachadh m, gen eàrr-ghiorrachaidh
apologise v i 1 (a) dèan leisgeul, vn dèanamh leisgeil
(b) thoir leisgeul, vn toirt leisgeil
2 iarr maitheanas, vn iarraidh maitheanais
apology n leisgeul m, gen leisgeil, pl leisgeulan
apologies n pl (meeting) leisgeulan m pl
apophyllite n (mineralogy) apaifilit f
apostle n abstol m, gen abstoil, pl abstoil, abstolan
apostrophe n 1 (grammar) (the mark ’) asgair m, pl asgairean, also ascair m, pl ascairean
2 (literature) gairmeachas m, gen gairmeachais
appal v tr cuir uamhas air, vn cur uamhais air
appalled a expressed with uamhas ort. We were simply appalled, bha fìor uamhas òirnn
appalling a uamhasach, comp uamhasaiche
apparatus n 1 acfhainn f
2 uidheam f, gen uidheim, pl uidheaman
apparent a 1 follaiseach, comp follaisich
2 soilleir, comp soilleire
apparently adv 1 expressed with bidh e coltach. Apparently he won’t be coming, tha e coltach nach eil e gu bhith a’ tighinn. She did it, apparently, ’s i a rinn e, bidh e coltach
2 expressed with is coltach. Apparently he can do that much, is coltach gun dèan e an uibhir ud
3 expressed with a shaoileadh tu. It will permit imaginative investigation of situations apparently remote from themselves, bheir e cothrom do rannsachadh tro mhac-meanmna air suidhichidhean a shaoileadh tu a tha aig astar bhuapa fhèin
apparition n 1 taibhse f, pl taibhsean. They saw an apparition, chunnaic iad taibhse
2 manadh m, gen manaidh, pl manaidhean. He saw an apparition, chunnaic iad manadh
3 sealladh m, gen seallaidh, pl seallaidhean. He was an apparition when he got home, bha e na shealladh nuair a fhuair e dhachaigh
appeal n 1 (law) (a) ath-agairt f, pl ath-agairtean
(b) tagradh m, gen tagraidh, pl tagraidhean. In the Court of Appeal, ann an Cùirt nan Tagraidhean
of appeal prep phr expressed with còrd v, vn còrdadh m. The specific audiences for whom texts would be of appeal, an luchd-amais sònraichte a chòrdadh na teacsaichean riutha
appeal v i 1 (a) tagair, vn tagairt f
(b) dèan tagradh, vn dèanamh tagraidh. He appealed to the king, rinn e tagradh ris an rìgh
2 (law) ath-agair, vn ath-agairt f
appeal against v phr cur às aghaidh (plus gen). He can appeal against the matter, faodaidh e cur às aghaidh an rud
appeal to v i phr expressed with thig ri càil, vn tighinn ri càil. Studying television programmes which appeal to pupils will provide a way of discussing content, ann a bhith a’ gabhail beachd air prògraman telebhisein a thig ri càil chloinne gheibhear dòigh air beachdachadh air na bheil annta
appear v i 1 nochd, vn nochdadh m. No matter its length, complexity or the component in which it appears, ge b’e air bith dè cho fada no cho toinnte ’s a bhitheas e no dè an earrann anns a bheil e a’ nochdadh. Where a feature identified earlier in a target does not appear subsequently in the strand, far a bheil rud air choireigin a chomharraicheadh na bu thràithe ann an cuimse a’ sgur a nochdadh as a dhèidh sin anns an èill. tasks that appear at Level E, obair a tha a’ nochdadh aig Ìre E
2 seall, vn sealltainn m. The sites of the old houses appear as patches of green ground among the more sombre coloured heather, tha làraichean nan seann taighean a’ sealltainn mar mhìrean de thalamh gorm am measg an fhraoich a tha nas duirche an dath
3 (a) thig am fradharc, vn tighinn am fradharc. He was appearing in order to ask for something from her, bha e a’ tighinn am fradharc a dh’iarraidh rud oirrese. The moon was quite straggly when it first appeared, bha a’ ghealach gu math sgèiteach nuair a thàinig i am fradharc an toiseach
(b) thig am fianais, vn tighinn am fianais. He appeared suddenly, thàinig e am fianais gu h-obann
(c) thig, vn tighinn. Here he appears on the horizon, seo e a’ tighinn eadar sinn is fàire
4 (informal) aipìrig. She appeared on Saturday, dh’aipìrig i Disathairne
5 (a) expressed with saoil, vn saoilsinn. The croft appears to be getting greener, saoilidh tu gu bheil an lot a’ fàs nas guirme
(b) expressed with coltas air. So it appears, sin an coltas a tha air
appear likely v phr 1 expressed with (an) coltas air. He appears likely to win, tha an coltas air gum buannaich e. It appears likely to rain, tha coltas an uisge oirre
2 expressed with a thuar air. They appeared likely to let him go, bha a thuar orra a leigil às
appearance n 1 coltas m, gen coltais. That’s the appearance he had, sin an coltas a bh’ air
2 aogas m, gen aogais, pl aogaisean
3 sealladh m, gen seallaidh. It gives people a different appearance, tha e a’ cur sealladh eile air feadhainn
bad appearance n phr mì-loinn f. It gives the house a bad appearance, tha e a’ cur mì-loinn air an taigh
good appearance n phr expressed with dreach m. It has lost its good appearance, tha e an dèidh a dhreach a chall
ill (unwell) appearance n phr expressed with droch thuar m, gen dhroch thuar ; also tuar m, gen tuair. He has an awfully ill appearance, dè an droch thuar a th’ air, or dè an tuar a th’ air
keep up appearances v phr cùm aghaidh ris an t-saoghal, vn cumail aghaidh ris an t-saoghal
make an appearance, put in an appearance v phr nochd, vn nochdadh m. He didn’t put in an appearance at all, cha do nochd e idir
to all appearances adv phr a-rèir a h-uile coltais
appease v tr 1 rèitich, vn rèiteachadh m
2 sìthich, vn sìtheachadh m
appellative n ainmear m gnàthach, gen ainmeir ghnàthaich, pl ainmearan gnàthach
append v tr 1 cuir, vn cur m. I appended a postscript to the letter, chuir mi fo-sgrìobhadh ris an litir
2 cuir ri, vn cur ri. Was their anything appended? an robh dad air a chur rithe?
appendage n 1 sgòdan m, gen & pl sgòdain
2 clibean m, gen clibein, pl clibeanan
appendicitis n 1 aipeandaigìteas m
2 (familiar) (a) an greim-mòr m, gen a’ ghreim-mhòir
(b) an greim-mionaich, gen a’ ghreim-mhionaich
appendix n 1 (a) eàrr-ràdh m, gen eàrr-ràidh, pl eàrr-ràidhean
(b) pàipear-taice m, gen pàipeir-thaice, pl pàipearan-taice
2 (body organ) aipeandaig f, pl aipeandaigean
appetite n càil (do bhiadh) m & f. You’ve a good appetite today, tha an deagh chàil agad an diugh. Has he an appetite (for food)? a bheil a’ chàil aige dha bhiadh? I have no appetite for food, chan eil càil do bhiadh agam. He has a good appetite, tha càil math aige. My appetite hasn’t come back to me properly, cha tàinig mo chàil air ais thugam ceart
give you an appetite v phr 1 thoir càil dhut, vn toirt càile dhut. It will give you a bit of an appetite, bheir e beagan càile dhut
2 expressed with càilear a. Being at sea gives you an appetite, tha a bhith aig muir càilear
lose your appetite v phr caill do chàil, vn call do chàile, or call do chàlach. She lost her appetite badly, chaill i a càil gu dona
whet you appetite v phr tog do chàil, vn togail do chàile. Here’s something to whet your appetite, seo rud a thogas do chàil
applause n 1 (a) bas-bhualadh m, gen bas-bhualaidh
(b) bualadh m bhas, gen bualaidh bhas. I could hear the sound of applause, bha mi a’ cluinntinn fuaim bualadh bhas
2 moladh m, gen molaidh. He got great applause for it, fhuair e àrd mholadh air a shon
apple n ubhal m, gen ubhail, pl ùbhlan. The apples aren’t ripe yet, chan eil na h-ùbhlan abaich fhathast
apple, crab n, see crab-apple n
apple of the eye n phr (pupil) clach f na sùla, gen cloiche na sùla
apple of one’s eye n phr (beloved person or object) 1 expressed with gràdhaichte. Donald is the apple of her eye, tha Dòmhnall fìor ghràdhaichte aice
2 expressed with miadhail. Donald is the apple of her eye, ’s e Dòmhnall as miadhaile leatha air fad
apple-pie order n phr expressed with fìor ghrinn. She had everything in apple-pie order, bha a h-uile nì fìor ghrinn aice
Applecross pr n a’ Chomraich f, gen na Comraich. In Applecross, air a’ Chomraich. The Applecross people, muinntir na Comraich
Applecross man n phr Comrach m, gen & pl Comraich. The tale of the Applecross man, sgeula a’ Chomraich
apple-tree n (Malus domestica) 1 craobh-ùbhlan f, gen craoibhe-ùbhlan, pl craobhan-ùbhlan
2 abhall m, gen & pl abhaill
appliance n goireas m, gen goireis, pl goireasan
applicable a 1 freagarrach, comp freagarraiche
2 iomchaidh
3 expressed with cleachd v, vn cleachdadh m. Many of the terms may also be applicable in other outcomes of language, faodaidh mòran de na briathran a bhith air an cleachdadh ann an toraidhean-cànain eile
applicable to prep phr expressed with a bhuineas do (plus dat). a summary of concerns and approaches applicable to programmes of study, geàrr-chunntas air na nithean cudthromach agus na dòighean a bhuineas do chlàran oideachaidh
not applicable a phr neo-iomchaidh
applicant n tagraiche m, pl tagraichean. The pre-school will treat fairly all applicants for jobs, buinidh an ro-sgoil gu cothromach ri gach tagraiche airson obrach. Treat all applicants in the same way, dèilig ri tagraichean gu lèir anns an aon dòigh
application n 1 iarrtas m, gen iarrtas, pl iarrtasan. He put in an application for it, chuir e a-steach iarrtas air a shon
2 tagradh m, gen tagraidh, pl tagraidhean
3 innleachd f, pl innleachdan. Databases, spreadsheets, teletext, view data, and multimedia applications generally, stòir-dhàta, duilleagan-sgaoilte, teleteacsa, lèir-dàta agus innleachdan ioma-mheadhanach anns an fharsaingeachd
4 expressed with mar a chleachdar. Applications of the computer for them are noted elsewhere, tha cunntas air a thoirt an àite eile air mar a chleachdar an coimpiutar leothasan
5 cur m an sàs, gen cuir an sàs
6 cuir gu buil, vn cur gu buil. They never made proper application of what they knew, cha do chuir iad riamh ceart gu buil na bha a dh’fhios aca
application form n phr 1 foirm-iarrtais m, pl foirmean-iarrtais
2 bileag-thagraidh f, gen bileig-tagraidh, pl bileagan-tagraidh
apply v tr 1 cuir, vn cur m. Apply it to yourself, cuir riut fhèin e
2 co-chuir, vn co-chur m. Applying it to ourselves, ga cho-chur rinn fhìn
3 (a) cuir an sàs, vn cur an sàs. It is the responsibility of the school to apply the attainment targets in ways which will permit pupils to demonstrate their attainments, tha e mar uallach air an sgoil na cuimsean coileanaidh a chur an sàs ann an dòighean a bheir cothrom do chloinn a bhith a’ nochdadh na tha a’ dol aca air a dhèanamh. This enables pupils to collect, organise, analyse and apply information through databases, tha seo a’ toirt cothroim do chloinn fiosrachadh a thional, a riaghladh, a rannsachadh agus a chur an sàs tro stòir-dàta
(b) cuir gu feum, vn cur gu feum. Apply the information acquired from a number of different sources, a’ cur gu feum am fiosrachadh a fhuaras o chunntas ghoireasan eadar-dhealaichte
(c) cuir an cèill, vn cur an cèill. Apply that knowledge in their own talking and writing, an t-eòlas sin a chur an cèill anns a’ chòmhradh ’s anns an sgrìobhadh aca fhèin
(d) cuir an gnìomh, vn cur an gnìomh. They will be expected to apply what they have learned, bithear a’ sùileachadh orra gun cuir iad an gnìomh na nithean a dh’ionnsaich iad
(e) cuir an greim, vn cur an greim. An ability to apply technical devices of communication, comas air modhan conaltraidh teicnigeach a chur an greim. Pupils will act individually in collating information and applying conventions, bidh a’ chlann ag obair air an ceann fhèin, a’ tional fiosrachaidh agus a’ cur chleachdaidhean an greim
4 cleachd, vn cleachdadh m. They will continue to be applied at later levels, leanar air an cleachdadh aig na h-ìrean as a dhèidh sin. Apply agreed procedures for protecting children to all staff, cleachd modhan aontaichte gus clann a dhìon airson luchd-obrach gu lèir
5 (a) cuir a-steach, vn cur a-steach ; also cuir a-staigh, vn cur a-staigh (for, airson plus gen). He applied for the job, chuir e a-steach airson na h-obrach
(b) cuir tagradh, vn cur tagraidh. For funding apply to the head office, airson maoineachaidh cuir tagradh chon a’ phrìomh oifis
(c) cuir, vn cur m. I had to apply to the council for it, bha agam ri chur chon na comhairle air a shon. She applied to the manager for redress, chuir i chon a’ mhanaidseir airson dìolaidh
applied a gnìomhaichte. Applied linguistics, cànanachas gnìomhaichte
apply to v phr buin ri, vn buntainn ri. Their advice and framework apply to all pupils, tha a’ chomhairle agus a’ bheairt aca sin a’ buntainn ris a’ chloinn air fad
apply your mind to v phr leig t’inntinn air, vn leigeil t’inntinn air. She applied her mind to it, leig i a h-inntinn air
appoint v tr 1 cuir an dreuchd, vn cur an dreuchd. The pre-school will appoint the best person for each job, cuiridh an ro-sgoil an dreuchd an neach as fheàrr do gach obair
2 suidhich, vn suidheachadh m. Arbitrators will be appointed, thèid luchd-rèiteachaidh a shuidheachadh
appointed a 1 a thèid a shuidheachadh
2 a thèid a shònrachadh. She came on the appointed day, thàinig i air an latha a chaidh a shònrachadh
2 a thèid a chur an dreuchd. The pre-school will treat fairly all applicants for jobs and all those appointed, buinidh an ro-sgoil gu cothromach ri gach tagraiche airson obrach agus riuthasan air fad a thèid a chur an dreuchd
4 stèidhte. The prime-minister’s cabinet is now appointed, tha cabanat a’ phrìomhair a-nis stèidhte
appointment n 1 (career) dreuchd f, pl dreuchdan
2 (meeting) (a) coinneamh m, gen coinneimh, pl coinneamhan. I have an appointment with him, tha coinneamh agam ris
(b) còmhdhail f, gen còmhdhalach, pl còmhdhailean. I have an appointment with the doctor, tha còmhdhail agam leis an dotair
make an appointment v phr 1 cuir coinneamh air bhonn, vn cur coinneimh air bhonn. I must make an appointment with them, feumaidh mi coinneamh a chur air bhonn leotha
2 cuir còmhdhail air bhonn, vn cur còmhdhalach air bhonn. I made an appointment with the doctor, chuir mi còmhdhail air bhonn leis an dotair
3 dèan ceann-latha, vn dèanamh cinn-latha (with, ri)
4 suidhich àm. vn suidheachadh ama. They made an appointment to meet, shuidhich iad àm airson coinneachadh
apportion v tr dèan roinn air, vn dèanamh roinne air. We had to apportion the food between us, b’ fheudar dhuinn roinn a dhèanamh air a’ bhiadh eadarainn
apportionment n 1 roinn f, gen roinne, pl roinnean
2 co-roinn f, gen co-roinne, pl co-roinnean. They got an apportionment of the common grazing, fhuair iad co-roinn den mhonadh choitcheann
apposite a iomchaidh
apposite to prep phr a bhuineas do. Apposite to both Parts 1 and 2, a bhuineas do Phàirt 1 agus do Phàirt 2
apposition n co-shuidheachadh m, gen co-shuidheachaidh. Words in apposition, facail ann an co-shuidheachadh
appraisal n 1 measadh m, gen measaidh, pl measaidhean
2 beachd m, pl beachdan. Give an appraisal of the stories, thoir do bheachd fhèin air na sgeulachdan
appraise v tr 1 (a) meas, vn measadh m
(b) dèan measadh air, vn dèanamh measaidh air. The jeweller appraised the ring, rinn an seudair measadh air an fhàinne
2 expressed with beachd m. Appraise how suitable is…, dè do bheachd air cho freagarrach ’s a tha…
appreciate v tr 1 (a) cuir meas air, vn cur meas air. In order to recognise and appreciate textual conventions, gus cleachdaidhean teacsa aithneachadh agus meas a chur orra. Pupils are expected to appreciate the aesthetic effects used in a text, thathar a’ sùileachadh gum bi a’ chlann a’ cur meas air na buaidhean ealdhain a thathar a’ cleachdadh ann an teacsa
(b) dèan meas air, vn dèanamh meas air. Pupils will recognise and appreciate textual conventions, bidh a’ chlann ag aithneachadh chleachdaidhean co-cheangailte ri teacsaichean agus a’ dèanamh meas orra
(c) dèan lèirmheas air, vn dèanamh lèirmheas air. Pupils can discuss and appreciate the many varieties of language, faodaidh a’ chlann beachdachadh agus lèirmheas a dhèanamh air gach iomadh seòrsa cànain a tha ann
2 (a) tuig, vn tuigsinn f. Pupils will begin to appreciate linguistic diversity, tòisichidh clann air tuigsinn cho iomachruthach ’s a tha cànain
(b) faigh tuigse air, vn faighinn tuigse air. Rather, it is the business of media education to appreciate the strengths of Gaelic culture, ’s e a tha fa-near do dh’oideachadh mu na meadhain, tuigse fhaotainn air cho neartmhor ’s a tha dualchas na Gàidhlig
(c) tuig gu math, vn tuigsinn gu math
3 cuir luach air, vn cur luach air. You don’t appreciate a single thing that’s done for you, chan eil sibh a’ cur luach air rud idir a thèid a dhèanamh dhuibh. He appreciated her endeavour, chuir e luach air an spàirn aice
4 (financial) àrdaich, vn àrdachadh m
appreciation n 1 breithneachadh m, gen breithneachaidh. Respond in a way that shows some appreciation of the differing viewpoints of characters, a’ freagairt ann an dòigh a tha a’ nochdadh breithneachadh air diofar bharail na tha a’ gabhail pàirt
2 tuigse f. Showing some appreciation of the differing viewpoints of characters, a’ nochdadh tuigse air na beachdan eadar-dhealaichte aig na pearsachan. The curriculum must establish the setting for the growth of appreciation in these vital areas of the Gaelic experience, feumaidh an clàr-teagaisg na crìochan a shuidheachadh anns am bi tuigse a’ fàs air na raointean ro-chudthromach seo de dh’fhiosrachadh na Gàidhlig
3 barail f chothromach. Give an appreciation of…, thoir barail chothromach air…
4 expressed with dòighean f pl. The study of mass media enables pupils to increase their critical appreciation and enjoyment of the mass media, tha a bhith a’ beachdachadh air na mòr mheadhain a’ toirt comais do chloinn leudachadh air na dòighean anns an dèan iad measadh orra agus anns am faigh iad toileachadh asta
5 àrdachadh m, gen àrdachaidh. Appreciation in value, àrdachadh ann an luach
apprehend v tr 1 thoir fa-near, vn toirt fa-near
2 (law) glac, vn glacadh m
apprehensive a eagalach, comp eagalaiche
apprentice n 1 preantas m, gen preantais, pl preantasan
2 foghlamaiche m, pl foghlamaichean
apprentice v tr cuir, vn cur. Neil should be apprenticed to some trade, bu chòir Niall a chur ri ceàird air choireigin
apprenticeship n 1 preantasachd f, pl preantasachdan
2 expressed with tìde f ri ceàird. He served his apprenticeship in Glasgow, chuir e a-steach a thìde ri ceàird ann an Glaschu
3 oileanachadh m, gen oileanachaidh. An apprenticeship for the acquisition of a third language, oileanachadh airson an treas cànain a thogail
approach n 1 (a) dòigh f, pl dòighean. What is unusual about the approach the author has chosen to make his view clear? dè a tha annasach mun dòigh a thagh an t-ùghdar gus a bheachd a dhèanamh soilleir? To ensure progression, balance and consistency of approach and content at different ages and stages, gus daingneachadh a dhèanamh air leantainneachd agus air co-ionnanachd a thaobh dhòighean teagaisg agus a thaobh na thathar a’ teagasg aig caochladh aoisean agus ìrean. Visual approaches, dòighean-lèirsinn. a summary of concerns and approaches applicable to programmes of study, geàrr-chunntas air na nithean cudthromach agus na dòighean a bhuineas do chlàran oideachaidh. Such approaches should stress the richness and diversity of gaelic culture, tha còir aig dòighean den t-seòrsa seo cudthrom a chur air cho saidhbhir agus cho ioma-chruthach ’s a tha dualchas na Gàidhlig. These approaches to teaching and learning presuppose that…, tha na dòighean ionnsachaidh agus teagaisg seo a’ gabhail ris gu bheil…. The programmes of study which follow provide some teaching and learning approaches, tha na Clàran Oideachaidh a leanas a’ tairgse cuid de dhòighean teagaisg agus ionnsachaidh
(b) dòigh-obrach, f, pl dòighean-obrach. Teachers will use a variety of approaches, bidh tidsearan a’ cleachdadh caochladh dhòighean-obrach. The teaching of Gaelic from P1 to B2, a unitary process with similar approaches across the age range, teagasg na Gàidhlig bho B1 gu A2, oir is obair aonaichte, leantainneach sin, le dòighean obrach den aon ghnè o aois gu aois. They cannot identify all the possible approaches to be followed, chan eil rian aca air a h-uile dòigh obrach a ghabhas fheuchainn a chomharrachadh. From such approaches, schools will create appropriate contexts for learning, is ann às a leithid sin de dhòighean obrach a chruthaicheas sgoiltean suidhichidhean freagarrach foghlaim
(c) dòigh f fhreagarrach, gen dòigh freagarraich, pl dòighean freagarrach. Teaching and learning approaches, dòighean freagarrach airson teagaisg agus ionnsachaidh
(d) expressed with dòigh f air coimhead air, pl dòighean air coimhead air. One approach to the relationship between text and task is set out in the following diagram, tha aon dòigh air coimhead air an dàimh eadar teacsa agus gnìomh air a chur an cèill anns a’ chlàr a leanas
2 (a) modh m, pl modhan. The language programme may take the form of a less structured topic-based approach, faodaidh am prògram cànain a bhith ann an riochd modh nach eil buileach cho stèidhichte ach air a shuidheachadh air cuspairean. It will be necessary to provide regular challenges through teaching and learning approaches, feumar iad sin a chur gu an dùbhlan gu cunbhalach le modhan teagaisg agus ionnsachaidh
(b) modh-teagaisg m, pl modhan-teagaisg. Language activities and approaches designed to meet special educational needs will vary according to the particular requirements of pupils, bithear a’ cleachdadh caochladh sheòrsachan ghnìomhan agus mhodhan-teagaisg gus feuman foghlaim shònraichte a choileanadh, agus sin a rèir nam feuman fa leth aig cloinn
(c) modh-gabhail m, pl modhan-gabhail
3 expressed with lean slighe v phr, vn leantainn slighe. Some will need different approaches to these targets, feumaidh cuid slighean eadar-dhealaichte a leantainn a dh’ionnsaigh nan cuimsean seo
4 not directly expressed. Using discussion or a dramatic approach, bidh iad fhathast a’ rannsachadh teacsa tro dhràma no cho-bheachdachadh. Pupils with specific learning difficulties may require a diagnostic approach, dh’fhaodadh gum bi feum air geur-bhreithneachadh aig clann le duilgheadasan ionnsachaidh sònraichte. This approach enables pupils to concentrate their minds and make the task manageable for both teacher and class, bheir sin cothrom don chloinn an inntinn a shocrachadh gus an gnìomh a làimhseachadh an dà chuid leis an tidsear agus leis a’ chlas
approach to prep phr expressed with dòighean plus gen. Which sets out the approach to learning, a tha a’ toirt far comhair nan dòighean ionnsachaidh
reading approach n phr dòigh-leughaidh f, pl dòighean-leughaidh. Pupils will be helped to adjust reading approaches to the different ways information is presented, cuidichear a’ chlann gu bhith ag atharrachadh dhòighean-leughaidh a rèir dhòighean eadar-dhealaichte anns a bheil fiosrachadh ga chur an cèill
teaching approach n phr dòigh-theagaisg f, pl dòighean-teagaisg Teaching approaches, tasks and experiences will motivate and support pupils, bidh a’ chlann air an gluasad le dòighean-teagaisg, le obair agus le fiosrachadh, agus a’ faotainn taice bhuapa
visual approach n phr dòigh-lèirsinn f, pl dòighean-lèirsinn
writing approach n phr dòigh-sgrìobhaidh f, pl dòighean-sgrìobhaidh. They should be introduced to a variety of authors, styles and writing approaches, tha còir an cur an aithne caochladh ùghdairean, stoidhlichean agus dòighean-sgrìobhaidh
approach v tr 1 teann ri, vn teannadh ri. Approaching land, a’ teannadh ri tìr
2 dlùthaich ri, vn dlùthachadh ri. We were approaching the town, bha sinn a’ dlùthachadh ris a’ bhaile
3 bi a’ streap ri. The time is now approaching twenty minutes past eight, tha an uair a-nis a’ streap ri fichead mionaid an dèidh h-ochd. He is approaching eighty, tha e a’ streap ri ceithir fichead
3 rach faisg air, vn dol faisg air
4 rach a dh’ionnsaigh, vn dol a dh’ionnsaigh ; also thig a dh’ionnsaigh, vn tighinn a dh’ionnsaigh
5 rach an sàs an, vn dol an sàs an. Ways in which the kinds of learning outlined can be approached, dòighean anns am faodar a dhol an sàs anns na seòrsachan ionnsachaidh air a bheilear a’ dèanamh iomraidh. In approaching language awareness in this way, ann a bhith a’ dol an sàs ann am mothachadh air cànain anns an dòigh seo
6 feuch air, vn feuchainn air. A pupil with visual impairment may approach Reading in ways that are perhaps dependent on Braille, ’s dòcha gum bi pàiste a tha gann anns an fhradharc a’ feuchainn air leughadh le dòighean a tha an urra ri Braille
approbation n 1 moladh m, gen molaidh. They won respect and approbation, choisinn iad cliù is moladh
2 deagh bharail f
appropriate a 1 iomchaidh. As appropriate, an uair a tha sin iomchaidh. Where appropriate, far a bheil sin iomchaidh. And show, when appropriate, that they can use what has been heard, agus a’ nochdadh gun cuir iad gu feum na chualas ma tha sin iomchaidh. That teachers have access to an appropriate range of resources, gu bheil cothrom aig tidsearan air sreath iomchaidh de ghoireasan. In an appropriate context, ann an suidheachadh iomchaidh. Pupils are expected to attain an appropriate level of spelling, thathar a’ sùileachadh gum bi a’ chlann ag amas air ìre iomchaidh litreachaidh. It will be appropriate for pupils to give information, bidh e iomchaidh don chloinn fiosrachadh a thoirt
2 freagarrach, comp freagarraich. which can usually be overcome by an appropriate methodology, gheibhear thairis orra sin mar as trice le dòighean-teagaisg freagarrach. There will be a need for all such pupils to be provided with appropriate programmes of study, bidh e riatanach clàran oideachaidh freagarrach a thoirt do an leithid sin a chloinn air fad. From such approaches, schools will create appropriate contexts for learning, is ann às a leithid sin de dhòighean obrach a chruthaicheas sgoiltean suidhichidhean freagarrach foghlaim. The teacher will make sure that contexts are realistic and appropriate, bidh an tidsear a’ dèanamh cinnteach gu bheil na suidhichidhean iomchaidh agus freagarrach. At an appropriate stage, aig ìre fhreagarraich. Pupils will be reminded of the appropriate terminology, cuirear an cuimhne na cloinne am briathrachas a tha freagarrach. Or simple flowcharts, as appropriate, no clàir-srutha shìmplidh, mar a bhitheas freagarrach. This will be aided by discussion, with appropriate teacher intervention, cuidichidh beachdachadh le seo, agus an tidsear a’ tighinn a-staigh mar a bhitheas sin freagarrach
3 cubhaidh
4 dòigheil, comp dòigheala
as appropriate conj phr mar a bhitheas iomchaidh
if appropriate conj phr ma tha sin iomchaidh
appropriate to prep phr 1 (a) freagarrach air. Texts should be simple but varied and appropriate to age and stage, tha còir aig teacsaichean a bhith sìmplidh ach de chaochladh gnè agus freagarrach air aois is ìre
(b) expressed with a’ freagairt air, or a fhreagras air. In contexts appropriate to the needs of individuals, an lùib chuspairean a tha a’ freagairt air feuman na cloinne fa leth. In ways appropriate to their ages, needs and attainments, ann an dòighean a fhreagras air an aois, air am feuman agus air na tha iad a’ coileanadh
(c) expressed with gus freagairt air. This work should be set within a context based on work appropriate to the age of the pupils, bu chòir don obair seo a bhith air a suidheachadh gus freagairt air cloinn den aois seo
(d) expressed with mar a fhreagras air. Texts of differing degrees of difficulty appropriate to the needs of different pupils, teacsaichean de chaochladh ìrean duilgheadais mar a fhreagras air feuman sgoilearan fa leth. Pupils will write to convey meaning in Gaelic appropriate to audience and purpose, bidh sgoilearan a’ sgrìobhadh ach an cuir iad brìgh an cèill ann an Gàidhlig mar a fhreagras air luchd-amais agus adhbhar
2 expressed with a’ bointinn ri. Things that were appropriate to each area, rudan a bha bointinn ris gach raon
3 a-rèir plus gen. Appropriate to their abilities, a-rèir an cuid chomasan. To respond to more complex visual stimuli appropriate to their age, freagairt a dhèanamh ri nithean faicsinneach a tha nas ioma-fhillte agus a tha a rèir an aois
appropriately adv 1 (a) gu h-iomchaidh. To use Gaelic appropriately, a’ Ghàidhlig a chleachdadh gu h-iomchaidh. They will talk appropriately about experiences, opinions, feelings and texts, bidh iad a’ bruidhinn gu h-iomchaidh mu dheidhinn fhiosraichidhean, bheachdan, fhaireachdainnean agus theacsaichean
(b) ann an dòigh iomchaidh. To respond appropriately, gus freagairt ann an dòigh iomchaidh. They will learn to ask questions appropriately, ionnsaichidh iad ceistean a chur ann an dòigh iomchaidh
2 gu freagarrach. Contribute appropriately to the purpose of the activity, a’ cur gu freagarrach ri adhbhar na h-obrach
appropriate v tr 1 gabh seilbh air, vn gabhail seilbhe air. They appropriated the money, ghabh iad seilbh air an airgead
2 cuir an dara taobh, vn cur an dara taobh
appropriateness n 1 freagarrachd f. Appropriateness of theme is a main criterion for choice of text, ’s e prìomh chomharra-stiùiridh air taghadh teacsa freagarrachd a’ chuspair. In order to recognise and categorize the appropriateness of information sources, gus freagarrachd tùsan fiosrachaidh aithneachadh agus a sheòrsadh
2 expressed with dè cho freagarrach. For example, the appropriateness of the language used for the purpose of the text, mar eisimpleir, dè cho freagarrach ’s a tha a’ chànain a thathar a’ cleachdadh a thaobh adhbhar an teacsa
approval n 1 toileachadh m, gen toileachaidh
2 expressed with riaraichte a
approve v tr 1 aontaich ri, vn aontachadh ri
2 gabh ri, vn gabhail ri
3 is math le. I approve of your having done it, is math leam gun d’rinn thu e
4 expressed with taitinn riut, vn taitinn riut. I don’t approve of your friends, chan eil na càirdean agad a’ taitinn rium
5 ceadaich, vn ceadachadh m
not approve v phr also expressed with is beag air. I don’t approve of their carry-on at all, is beag orm an dol-a-mach a th’ aca
approximate a tuairmseach, comp tuairmsich
approximately adv 1 mu thuairmeas
2 mu thuaiream
approximate v i 1 thig dlùth air, vn tighinn dlùth air. It approximates to the truth, tha e a’ tighinn dlùth air an fhìrinn
2 dlùthaich, vn dlùthachadh. He will not approximate to it, cha dhlùthaich e air
approximation n tuairmse f
apricot n (Prunus armeniaca) apragod m, gen apragoid, pl apragodan
apricot-tree n (Prunus armeniaca) craobh-apragoid f, gen craoibhe-apragoid, pl craobhan-apragoid
April pr n 1 an Giblean m, gen a’ Ghiblein (standard term)
2 (dialect) an Giblidh m, gen a’ Ghiblidh. The month of April, mìos a’ Ghiblidh
April fool’s day n phr latha m na gocaireachd
send on an April fool’s errand, cuir air ghocaireachd. Were you sent on an April fool’s errand? an deach do chur air ghocaireachd?
apron n 1 aparan m, gen aparain, pl aparain, aparanan
2 (timber behind stem-post or stern-post of boat) aparan m, gen aparain. The apron in a boat is a piece that is seamed to the stem-post or stern-post, ’s e tha anns an aparan ann an eathar, pìos a tha air fhuaigheal ris an steama
stem apron or inner stem-post n phr aparan m toisich, gen aparain thoisich
stern apron or inner stern-post n phr aparan m deiridh, gen aparain dheiridh
apron-strings n phr pl criosan m pl aparain
he is tied to his mothers apron-strings, tha e fo smàig aig a mhàthair
apropos a iomchaidh
apropos of prep phr a thaobh (plus gen)
apt a 1 deas
2 ealamh
apt to prep phr buailteach do
aptitude n 1 sgil m pl sgilean
2 expressed with comasan m pl. Regardless of their aptitude, ge b’e air bith dè na comasan a tha aca
aquaculture n tuathanachas m uisge, gen tuathanachais uisge
aquamarine n clach-mhara f, gen cloiche-mara
aquamarine a gormghlas
aquatic a uisgeil, comp uisgeile. Aquatic plants, lusan uisgeil. In an aquatic habitat, ann an àrainn uisgeil
aqueduct n uisge-duct m, pl uisge-ductan
aquifer n creag-uisge f, gen creige-uisge, pl creagan-uisge
• clach-uisge f, gen cloiche-uisge, pl clachan-uisge
Arab pr n Arabach m, gen & pl Arabaich
Arabian a Arabach
Arabic n (language) Arabais f
Arabic a Arabach
Arabic numerals n phr figearan m pl Arabach
arable n talamh-àitich m, gen talmhainn-àitich f
arable a expressed with àitich. Arable land, talamh àitich, or fearann àitich
aracari, collared n (Pteroglossus torquatus) arasaraidh m coileireach, gen arasaraidh choileirich
aragonite n (mineralogy) aragainit f
Aramaic n (language) Aramais f
arbitrary a 1 neo-shuidhichte. Arbitrary standard, slat-tomhais neo-shuidhichte
2 neo-riaghailteach
arbitration n eadar-bhreith f
arbitrator n 1 neach-rèiteachaidh, pl luchd-rèiteachaidh. Arbitrators will be appointed, thèid luchd-rèiteachaidh a shuidheachadh
2 neach-eadraiginn, pl luchd-eadraiginn
arbutus n (Arbutus unedo) caithne f
arch n 1 stuagh f, gen stuaigh, pl stuaghan and stuaghannan. Coastal arch, stuagh cladaich
2 bogha m, pl boghachan. The arch of the bridge, bogha na drochaide
archaeologist n arc-eòlaiche m, pl arc-eòlaichean
archaeology n arc-eòlas m, gen arc-eòlais
archaeological a arc-eòlasach
archaic a àrsaidh
archaism n 1 àrsaidheachd f
2 cainnt f àrsaidh
archangel, yellow n (Lamiastrum galeobdolon) 1 àrd-aingeal m buidhe, gen àrd-aingil bhuidhe
2 deanntag-mharbh-bhuidhe f, gen deanntaig-mairbhe-buidhe, pl deanntagan-marbha-buidhe
archbishop n àrd-easbaig m, pl àrd-easbaigean
arch-druid n àrd-dhraoidh m, gen àrd-dhraoidhean ; àrd-dhrùidh m, gen àrd-dhrùidhean
archer n 1 fear-bogha m, gen & pl fir-bhogha. Two Macrae archers, dithis fhear-bogha Crathach
2 boghadair m, pl boghadairean
archery n boghadaireachd f
archetypal a prìomh-shamhlachail
archetype n prìomh-shamhla m, gen prìomh-shamhlaidh, pl prìomh-shamhlaidhean
Archimedean screw n phr sgriubha f Aircimeadach, gen sgriubha Aircimeadaich, pl sgriubhaichean Aircimeadach
architect n ailtire m, pl ailtirean
architectural a a thaobh ailtireachd ; a bhuineas do dh’ailtireachd
architecture n ailtearachd f
archive n tasglann f, gen tasglainn, pl tasglannan
archivist n tasglannaiche m, pl, tasglannaichean
Arctic n Artaig f, Arctaig f
Arctic mod na h-Artaig, na h-Arctaig. The Arctic Circle, Cearcall na h-Artaig, Cearcall na h-Arctaig
Arctic a Artaigeach
ardent a 1 dian
2 dìorrasach
arduous a 1 trom, comp truime. I do not think your task will be too arduous, cha chreid mi gum bi an obair ro throm ort
2 deacair
are v i, see be v i
area n 1 raon m, gen raoin, pl raointean. Advice on each area of the curriculum, comhairle air gach raon den chlàr-teagaisg. Available across all curricular areas and modes, a tha ri fhaotainn feadh gach raoin agus gach modh den chlàr-theagaisg. In particular areas of provision, ann an raointean obrach sònraichte. Within an enlarged range of topic areas and contexts, ann an sreath mheudaichte de raointean agus de shuidhichidhean cuspaireach. Drama provides a medium for the active exploration of areas of complex meaning, tha dràma na mheadhan air a bhith a’ dian-rannsachadh raointean de thuigse ioma-fhillte
2 roinn f, roinne, pl roinnean. For all areas of the curriculum, airson gach roinn den chlàr-theagaisg. This will include the requirements of the main areas of the curriculum, bidh seo a’ gabhail a-staigh feumalachdan nam prìomh roinnean den chlàr-theagaisg. Including specialist vocabulary from different curriculum areas, agus nam measg sin briathrachas speisealtach o roinnean eadar-dhealaichte den chlàr-theagaisg
3 àite m, pl àiteachan. It’s frightening that such a thing could happen in a rural area, tha e eagalach gun tachradh a leithid ann an àite dùthchail. This recognises that language exists both as a discrete area and as a permeating element across the curriculum, tha seo a’ gabhail ris gu bheil àite sònraichte aig cànain an dà chuid dhi fhèin agus mar nì a tha a’ dol air feadh a’ chlàir-theagaisg gu lèir. For some schools in non-Gaelic speaking areas, do chuid de sgoiltean ann an àiteachan far nach eil a’ Ghàidhlig na cànain choimhearsnachd. The advantage of the rigs was that they allowed areas of thin soil to be deepened, ’s e a’ bhuannachd a bha ann am feannagan gum faodadh an ùir ann an àiteachan far nach robh i ach tana a bhith air a dèanamh na bu doimhne
4 àrainn f, pl àrainnean. It is assumed that work in this area will continue, gabhar ris gum bi obair anns an àrainn seo a’ leantainn
5 earann f, gen earrainn, pl earrannan. Word processing should permeate all areas of the curriculum, tha còir aig dealbh-sgrìobhadh a bhith a’ sgaoileadh a-mach tro gach earrainn den chlàr-theagaisg
6 coimhearsnachd f, pl coimhearsnachdan. It will mirror the diversity of the area the school serves, bidh i a’ comharrachadh cho iomachruthach ’s a tha coimhearsnachd na sgoile
7 ceàrn or ceàrnaidh m & f, gen ceàrnaidh, pl ceàrnaidhean. Catchment area, ceàrnaidh tionail. Now look at the same area in the plan, a-nis coimhid ris an aon cheàrnaidh ann a’ phlana. The map shows the area the children know well, tha am mapa a’ sealltainn na ceàrnaidh air a bheil a’ chlann eòlach. Part of her job is to visit families in the area, ’s e pàirt de h-obair a bhith a’ tadhal air teaghlaichean anns a’ cheàrnaidh aice
8 (extent) farsaingeachd f. The area of the triangle, farsaingeachd an triantain. A greater area, farsaingeachd nas motha. A smaller area, farsaingeachd nas lugha. Surface area, farsaingeachd uachdair
9 (a) expressed with mu thimcheall prep plus gen. The Inverness area today, mu thimcheall Inbhir Nis an diugh
(b) expressed with mu prep. The moraines formed by the melting glaciers are particularly evident in this area, tha na morainean a dh’fhàg na h-eigh-shruthan is iad a’ leaghadh gu h-àraidh follaiseach mun seo
10 expressed with far a bheil. It is recommended that you return by following the route marked on the map, which involves crossing the area of stony moraines, thàtar a’ moladh gun till thu le bhith a’ leantainn a’ chùrsa a tha comharraichte air a’ mhapa, nì a tha a’ ciallachadh a bhith a’ dol tarsainn air far a bheil na morainean clachach
11 not directly expressed. A framework is needed, clearly establishing the most important features of this curricular area, tha feum air beairt a stèidhicheas gu soilleir na nithean as cudthromaiche a tha a’ buntainn ris a’ chlàr-theagaisg seo. Non-narrative writing is often undertaken in the context of other curriculum areas, bidh sgrìobhadh neo-sheanchasail gu tric ga ghabhail os làimh ann an suidhichidhean eile sa chlàr-theagaisg. The surviving stone buildings show that this was generally an area of permanent settlement, tha na togalaichean cloiche a tha air mhaireann a’ sealltainn gu robhar a’ tuineachadh an seo sa chumantas fad na bliadhna
area mod ceàrnaidh. An area guide, leabhar-iùil ceàrnaidh
area around prep phr expressed with àrainn plus gen. Does she know what the area around the farm is like? a bheil fios aige cò ris a tha arainn an tuathanais coltach? The area around Anna’s school is a bit like a maze, tha àrainn sgoil Anna rudeigin coltach ri ioma-shlighe. Try to draw a street map of the area around your school, feuch air mapa shràid a dhèanamh de dh’àrainn do sgoile
wide area a phr mòr-àrainn. Wide area and computer network systems are particularly relevant in the geographical context of the Gaelic speaking world, tha siostaman mòr-àrainn agus obair-lìn coimpiutair air leth freagarrach ann an suidheachadh saoghal na Gàidhlig
arête n arête f
argentite n (mineralogy) airgeidit f
argon n argon m
argue v tr 1 bi ag argamaid. We weren’t arguing, cha robh sinn ag argamaid. Although we argue, ged a bhios sinn ag argamaid
2 (a) bi a’ deasbad
(b) dèan deasbad, vn dèanamh deasbaid. The setting within which pupils can argue points, an suidheachadh anns am faod a’ chlann deasbad a dhèanamh air cùisean àraidh
3 bi a’ dearbhadh (with, air). They were arguing, bha iad a’ dearbhadh. They began arguing, thòisich iad air dearbhadh. I was saying the lamb is without a mother, John was arguing with me that it isn’t, bha mise ag ràdh gu bheil an t-uan gun mhàthair, bha Iain a’ dearbhadh orm nach eil
4 (informal) (a) bi a’ dusbaigeadh
(b) expressed with dusbaigeadh m. How that man argues, an dusbaigeadh a th’ air an duine sin
5 connsaich, vn connsachadh m
6 agair, vn agairt f. They are right in arguing that the overall aim should be facilitation rather than coercion, tha iad ceart ann a bhith ag agairt gur e bu chòir a bhith mar amas coitcheann ach an t-slighe a rèiteachadh, agus chan ann a cho-èigneachadh
argument n 1 argamaid f, gen argamaide, pl argamaidean. Show that they can use at least the following terms : argument, statement, conversation, debate, a’ nochdadh gun cuir iad gu feum, air a’ char as lugha, na faclan a leanas : argamaid, ràdh, còmhradh, deasbad. To follow closely the line of an argument or explanation, gus a bhith a’ dlùth leantainn argamaid no mìneachaidh mar a tha iad a’ dol air adhart. How an account of a battle differs from an argument for attending to dental health, mar tha cunntas air blàr eadar-dhealaichte o argamaid airson aire thoirt do shlàinte fhiaclan
2 connsachadh m, gen connsachaidh
argumentative a 1 argamaideach
2 connsachail
Argyll pr n Earra-Ghàidheal
arid a 1 (a) tioram, comp tiorama
(b) ro-thioram
2 gun bhrìgh
aright adv gu ceart
arise v i 1 (a) èirich, vn èirigh f
(b) èirich suas, vn èirigh suas
2 fàs, vn fàs m. Writing of this kind may arise from activities, faodaidh sgrìobhadh den t-seòrsa seo fàs a-mach à gnìomhan
3 thig, vn tighinn m. A storm arose, thàinig i na stoirm
4 sruth, vn sruthadh m. Opportunities for Gaelic activities and development arising out of the child’s experience of family, gach cothrom airson gnìomhan agus leasachadh co-cheangailte ris a’ Ghàidhlig a tha a’ sruthadh à fiosrachadh a’ phàiste air a theaghlach
should the occasion arise that v phr expressed with nan tachradh gu
arising from/out of v phr expressed with mar thoradh air. Short messages arising out of the daily business of the class, fiosan goirid a tha mar thoradh air obair làitheil a’ chlas. Difficulties in handwriting arising from lack of motor control, duilgheadasan ann an làmh-sgrìobhadh a tha mar thoradh air cion altachadh-buill
aristocracy n 1 uas-fhlaitheachd f. Some members of the aristocracy and gentry, cuid den uas-fhlaitheachd agus de na h-uaislean
2 uaislean m pl. The aristocracy, na h-uaislean
3 maithean m pl
aristocrat n 1 uas-fhlath m, pl uas-fhlaithean
2 uasal m, gen uasail, pl uaislean
3 pl maithean m pl
aristocratic a 1 uas-fhlathail, comp uas-fhlathaile
2 uasal, comp uaisle
arithmetic n 1 àireamhachd f
2 cunntas m, gen cunntais. They are doing arithmetic, tha iad ris a’ chunntas
arithmetical a àireamhachdail
arithmetically adv 1 gu h-àireamhachdail
2 a thaobh àireamhachd
ark n àirc f, gen àirce, pl àircean. Noah’s Ark, an Àirc aig Noah
arkose n (geology) arcos m, gen arcois
arm n 1 gàirdean m, gen gàirdein, pl gàirdeanan. My arm, arms, mo ghàirdean, mo ghàirdeanan. he folded his arms, phaisg e a ghàirdeanan. He bared his arm, rùisg e a ghàirdean. He spread his arms, sgaoil e a ghàirdeanan. She had the child in her arms, bha an leanabh aice na gàirdeanan. I’ve a pain in my arm, tha dèireach nam ghàirdean. It’s in her arms here and there (of rheumatism), tha i anns na gàirdeanan aice a siod ’s a seo
2 expressed with làmh f. A long arm and opportunity to stretch (it), làmh fhada is cothrom sìneadh (saying)
3 achlais f, gen achlaisean, pl achlaisean. He had something under his arm, bha rudeigin aige fo achlais or na achlais
arm in arm adv phr air gàirdeanan a chèile. They were walking arm in arm, bha iad a’ coiseachd air gàirdeanan a chèile
arms folded, gàirdeanan paisgte. he was standing with his arms folded, bha e na sheasamh agus na gàirdeanan aige paisgte
under his arm prep phr expressed with na achlais f. he was carrying a shirt under his arm, bha lèine aige na achlais
object under the arm n phr achlasan m, gen achlasain. She looks like she has something or other under her arm, tha i mar gu robh achlasan air choireigin aice
up in arms adv phr 1 feargach
with open arms adv phr expressed with fial. They welcomed her with open arms, chuir iad fàilte fial oirre
2 expressed with de thabhaill. Mary will be up in arms about it, bidh Màiri de tabhaill ma dheidhinn
arm v tr armaich, vn armachadh m
armed a armaichte. He was armed with a gun, bha e armaichte le gunna
arming n armachadh m, gen armachaidh
armband n bann-gàirdein m, gen bainn-ghàirdein, pl bannan-gàirdein
armchair n cathair-ghàirdeanach f, gen cathrach-gàirdeanaich, pl cathraichean gàirdeanach
Armenia pr n Airmeinia
Armenian pr n 1 Airmeinianach m, gen & pl Airmeinianaich
2 (language) Airmeinianais
Armenian a Airmeinianach
armful n 1 ultach m, pl ultaich or ultaichean. An armful of hay, ultach feòir. He was fetching it in armfuls, bha e ga thoirt leis ann an ultaichean. I gave the cow an armful of hay, thug mi ultach feòir don bhó. He took three armfuls of hay over to the cows, thug e trì ultaich feòir a-null don chrodh. Another person’s child is an armful of fire, ’s e ultach teine a th’ ann an leanabh neach eile (saying)
2 (properly a truss of hay, 56 lb bundle) muillean (pronounced with ui diphthong) m, gen muillein, pl muilleanan. An armful of hay, muillean feòir
3 achlasan m, gen & pl achlasain
armorial a 1 armanach
2 suaicheantach
armorial bearing n phr suaicheantas m, gen & pl suaicheantais
armour n armachd f
armpit n 1 achlais f, gen achlaise, pl achlaisean
2 lag na h-achlaise, gen luig na h-achlaise
army n 1 arm m, gen & pl airm. He was in the army during the war, bha e anns an arm aig àm a’ chogaidh. he was an army man, ’s e fear airm a bh’ ann. He joined the army, ghabh e san arm
2 armailt f, pl armailtean
3 feachd f, pl feachdan
around adv, see round adv
around prep, see round prep
arouse v tr 1 dùisg, vn dùsgadh m
2 mosgail, vn mosgladh m
Arran pr n Arainn
Arran islander, person from Arran n phr Arainneach m, gen & pl Arainnich
of Arran, from Arran a phr Arainneach
arrange v tr 1 (a) cuir air dòigh, vn cur air dòigh. Targets relating to the levels run across the page, arranged in strands, tha cuimsean a rèir nan ìrean a’ ruith tarsainn na duilleig, air an cur air dòigh nan iallan
(b) cuir a-mach, vn cur a-mach. Arranged in three parts, air a chur a-mach ann an trì pàirtean. Eight was the time that was arranged, ’s e ochd an uair a chaidh a chur a-mach
(c) cuir an òrdugh, vn cur an òrdugh. Who arranged them like that? cò chuir iad an òrdugh mar sin?
2 riaraich, vn riarachadh m. They were starting to arrange the tables (for communicants, in church), bha aid a’ toiseachadh air riarachadh na bùird
3 rèitich, vn rèiteachadh m. The entries are arranged as follows, tha na h-altan air an rèiteachadh mar a leanas
4 socraich, vn socrachadh m. He arranged the matter, shocraich e an gnothach
5 expressed with òrdugh m, gen òrduigh. John has arranged to go to meet him at the bridge, tha òrdugh aig Iain a dhol ga choinneachadh aig an drochaid
arrangement n 1 rian m, pl rianan. They are in good, bad arrangement, ’s e deagh, droch rian a tha orra. It is out of arrangement, tha e a-mach à rian. They would have to make some arrangement for their living, dh’fheumadh iad rian a dhèanamh airson am beòshlaint
2 suidheachadh m, gen suidheachaidh, pl suidheachaidhean. Arrangements for the safe arrival and departure of children, an suidheachadh a thaobh a’ chlann a bhith a’ ruighinn agus a’ falbh gu sàbhailte
3 riarachadh m, gen riarachaidh. They weren’t in very good arrangement, cha deach riarachadh ro mhath a dhèanamh orra. That wasn’t a good arrangement at all, cha b’ e riarachadh math a bha siod air a’ ghnothach idir
4 rèiteachadh m, gen rèiteachaidh. What arrangement were the entries in? dè an rèiteachadh a bha air na h-altan?
5 not directly expressed. Appropriate support arrangements for the teaching of Gaelic, taice iomchaidh do theagasg na Gàidhlig
make arrangements v phr cuir rian air dòigh, vn cur rian air dòigh. My child may only be collected by myself unless I make alternative arrangements with group staff, chan fhaod ach mi fhèin an neach-cloinne agam a thogail mur cuir mi rian eile air dòigh le luchd-obrach na buidhne. The local GP should be contacted and arrangements made to discuss her/his attendance in an emergency, is còir fios a leigeil air dotair-teaghlaich na sgìre agus rian a chur air dòigh gus beachdachadh air mar a bhitheas i/e a’ frithealadh ann an suidheachadh-èiginn
by arrangement with prep phr expressed with le cead bho. Access to the trail is by arrangement with the landowner, thèidear air an t-slighe le cead bho uachdaran an fhearainn
arrant a expressed with dearg preceding n. He is an arrant fool, tha e na dhearg amadan
array n sreath m, gen sreatha, pl sreathan. He was faced with a bewildering array of forms, bha sreath de riochdan mu choinneimh a chuireadh neach na bhreislich
array v tr 1 cuir an òrdugh, vn cur an òrdugh
2 sgeadaich, vn sgeadachadh m
arrears n fiachan m pl gun dìoladh
arrest n glacadh m, gen glacaidh
arrest warrant n phr barantas-glacaidh m, gen barantais-ghlacaidh, pl barantasan-glacaidh
arrest v tr 1 (a) cuir an greim, vn cur an greim. He was arrested yesterday, chaidh a chur an greim an dè
(b) cuir an làimh, vn cur an làimh. Arrest him, cuir an làimh e
arrival n 1 teachd m, pl teachdan. Arrivals and departures, teachdan agus imeachdan
2 expressed with thig v, vn tighinn m. The term ‘gròt’ was common until the arrival of decimalisation, bha am briathar ‘gròt’ cumanta gus gun tàinig deicheachadh an airgid
3 (a) ruigheachd f
(b) expressed with ruig, vn ruigheachd f, ruighinn f. On our arrival, air dhuinn ruighinn
(c) expressed with a bhith a’ ruighinn. Arrangements for the safe arrival and departure of children, an suidheachadh a thaobh a’ chlann a bhith a’ ruighinn agus a’ falbh gu sàbhailte
arrive v i 1 ruig, vn ruigheachd f, ruighinn f. They arrived yesterday, ràinig iad an dè. Have they arrived yet? an d’ràinig iad fhathast. Had you arrived? an robh thu air ruighinn? We’ve arrived, tha sinn an dèidh ruighinn. I think she arrived safely, cha chreid mi nach d’ràinig i sàbháilte. Will he arrive tonight? an ruig e a-nochd?
2 thig, vn tighinn m. I arrived five minutes too early, ràinig mi còig mionaidean ro thràth. I spoke to him when he arrived, bhruidhnich mi ris air dha tighinn
3 dèan dheth, vn dèanamh dheth. When did he finally arrive home? cuine rinn e an taigh dheth mu dheireadh?
arrive at v i phr 1 ruig, vn ruigheachd f, ruighinn f. To use talk in structured play to arrive at outcomes, gus còmhradh a chleachdadh ann an cluiche òrdaichte gus builean a ruigheachd
2 thig gu, vn tighinn gu. The evidence collected by the teacher will be used in arriving at the professional judgements, cleachdar an dearbhadh a thèid a chruinneachadh leis an tidsear ann a bhith a’ tighinn chun a’ bhreithneachaidh phroifeiseanta. Beyond the cliff formed by the ridge of rock one arrives at a large hill-field, seachad air a’ chreagan a tha an druim creige a’ dèanamh an seo thigear gu achadh mòr
arrogance n 1 àrdan m, gen àrdain
2 uaibhreachas m, gen uaibhreachais. It was a foolish thing that she did, due to arrogance, ’s e rud gòrach a rinn i, a thoradh air an uaibhreachas
arrogant a 1 àrdanach, comp àrdanaiche
2 ceannasach, comp ceannasaiche
arrow n saighead f, gen saighde, pl saighdean, saigheadan
arrow-grass, marsh n (Triglochin palustris) 1 bàrr-a’-mhilltich m
2 bàrr-a’-mhilltich m fèithe, gen bàrr-a’-mhilltich fhèithe
arrow-grass, sea n (Triglochin maritima) 1 bàrr-a’-mhilltich m mara, gen bàrr-a’-mhilltich m mhara
arrow-head n (Sagittaria sagittifolia) rinn-saighde f
arsenal n arm-lann f, gen arm-lainn, pl arm-lannan
arsenic n arsnaig f
arsenopyrite n (mineralogy) arsnaipirit f
art n ealdhain f, and ealain f. Practical activities including art, gnìomhan prataigeach, a’ gabhail a-staigh ealdhain
arts n pl ealdhain f pl, and ealain f pl. In the arts, anns na h-ealain. Gaelic arts and crafts should be displayed, bu chòir ealdhain agus ciùird Ghàidhlig a thaisbeanadh. We are heartened by developments in the Gaelic arts, broadcasting and education, tha sinn air ar deagh mhisneachadh le na tha a’ gabhail àite sna h-ealain, an craoladh agus am foghlam Gàidhlig
Arts Council pr n Comhairle f nan Ealain
performing arts n phr na h-ealain chleas
artery n cuisle f, pl cuislean
artesian a àirtèisianach
artful n 1 innleachdach, comp innleachdaiche. She’s artful, tha i innleachdach. He can be very artful sometimes, bidh e gu math innleachdach uaireannan
2 seòlta
3 carach, comp caraiche
artfully adv gu seòlta. She finds things out so artfully, she gets round people, gheobh i a-mach rud cho seòlta, thèid i timcheall air feadhainn
arthritis n 1 airtriteas m, gen airtritis
2 (familiar) tinneas-nan-alt, gen tinneis-nan-alt
artichoke n (Cynara scolymus) 1 bliosan m, gen & pl bliosain
2 farrusgag f, gen farrusgaig, pl farrusgagan
artichoke, Jerusalem n (Helianthus tuberosus) bliosan m grèine, gen & pl bliosain ghrèine
article n 1 (prose) (a) artaigil m, pl artaigilean
(b) alt m, gen uilt, pl uilt, altan
2 (grammar) alt m, gen & pl uilt. The definite article, an t-alt cinnteach. The indefinite article, an t-alt neo-chinnteach. The article is completely elided here, occurring as it does between the final vowel of ‘mi’ and word-initial ‘l-’ of ‘làmh’, tha an t-alt air a bhàthadh gu h-iomlan an seo, is e eadar an fhuaimreag dheireannach de ‘mi’ agus an ‘l-’ aig toiseach an fhacail ‘làmh’
3 ball m, gen & pl buill. An article of clothing, ball aodaich. I’m of the opinion that it’s a good article of furniture, tha mi an dùil gur math am ball àirneis e
articulate a 1 siùbhlach
2 fileanta
3 pongail or pungail. An articulate speaker, labhraiche pongail
4 snasail. He spoke most articulately, bhruidhnich e glè shnasail
articulate v tr & i 1 cuir an cèill, vn cur an cèill. The teacher will help pupils acquire words to articulate their feelings, cuidichidh an tidsear a’ chlann gus faclan a thogail leis an cuir iad am faireachdainnean an cèill. In order to articulate personal responses to experiences in texts, gus freagairtean pearsanta do dh’fhiosraichidhean ann an teacsaichean a chur an cèill
2 (of joints, speech sounds ) altaich, vn altachadh m
articulation n 1 (linguistics) altachadh m, gen altachaidh. Place of articulation, àite altachaidh. Manner of articulation, dòigh altachaidh
2 expressed with labhairt f phungail. Problems in speech production and articulation, duilgheadasan ann an cainnt ’s ann an labhairt phungail
articulator n altaiche m, pl altaichean
articulatory a altach
artificial a 1 co-dhèanta. An artificial thread that is very light, snàithleach co-dhèanta a tha glè aotram
2 innealta. Artificial fibre, snàithlean innealta. Artificial fertiliser, stuth-mathachaidh innealta
3 innleachdach. Artificial insemination, sìolachadh innleachdach
4 brèige
artificially adv 1 gu h-innealta
2 a dh’aon ghnothach. The loch was drained artificially a number of years ago, chaidh an loch a dhrèanadh a dh’aon ghnothach o chionn grunn bhliadhnachan
artisan n neach-ceàirde m, pl luchd-ceàirde
artist n 1 neach-ealain m, pl luchd-ealain
2 (painter) (a) dealbhadair m, pl dealbhadairean, or dealbhaiche m, pl dealbhaichean
(b) peantair m, pl peantairean
3 ealantair m, pl ealantairean. A literary artist, ealantair litreachais
artistic a ealanta
artistry n ealantas m, gen ealantais. Mackenzie here reaches a level of ornamentation in his verse that demonstrates to us how high in his artistry it is possible for a bard that is not of the first degree to go when he is working in a firm tradition, tha MacCoinnich an seo a’ ruighinn inbhe de sgeadachadh na bhàrdachd a sheallas dhuinn cho àrd na ealantas ’s a tha e an comas do bhàrd nach eil den chiad ìre a dhol, agus e ag obair ann an dualchas daingeann
arum, bog n (Calla palustris) àram m fèithe, gen àraim fhèithe
as adv expressed with ri prep (plus dat). There is actually such a word as it, tha leithid a dh’fhacal ann ris cheana
as long as adv phr, see sv long a
as …adj… as adv phr cho … ri, or cho … is. She’s not as big as him, chan eil i cho mòr ris-san. You can wait as long as you like, dèan fuireach cho fad is a thogras tu. When I go to bed I’m as warm as though I were in an oven, nuair a thèid mi laighe tha mi cho blàth is ged a bhithinn ann an àmhainn
as…adj… as ever adv phr cho … ’s a bha … riamh. Its suet was as good as ever, bha an tanaidh aige cho math ’s a bha i riamh
as…adj… as that adv phr cho … sin. Is it as heavy as that? a bheil e cho trom sin? The people of that township weren’t as sober as that, cha robh fir a’ bhaile ud cho stuaim sin. People weren’t going as deeply as that into grammar, cha robhar a’ dol cho domhainn sin ann an gràmar
the same …n… as adv phr an aon … ri. You’re the same height as John now, tha thu an aon àird ri Iain a-nis. It’s the same length as the other one, tha e an aon fhad ris an fhear eile
times as… adv phr, see sv times n
as conj 1 (a) mar a. As I said before, mar a thuirt mi roimhe. Everything is as it is ordained to be, tha a h-uile rud mar a tha air òrdachadh dha a bhith. Gaelic as a second language, a’ Ghàidhlig mar dhàrna chànain. As pupils gain in confidence, mar a bhitheas a’ chlann a’ gabhail misnich
(b) mar a tha. Teacher support will be less evident but will still offer guidance as necessary, cha bhi taice tidseir cho follaiseach ach fhathast bi seo a’ comhairleachadh mar a bhitheas sin riatanach
(c) (i) ceart mar a (tha)
(ii) expressed with ceart mar a tha a’ chùis. As in Wales, a phased approach towards strengthening Gaelic as a living language is required, ceart mar a tha a’ chùis sa Chuimrigh, tha feum air dòigh-obrach a fhreagras air gach ceum gus a’ Ghàidhlig a neartachadh mar chànan beò
2 fhad ’s a. Pupils will learn to make rough notes as they listen, bidh a’ chlann a’ tòiseachadh air notaichean a dhèanamh fhad ’s a tha iad ag èisteachd. Teaching approaches will motivate pupils as they gain a set of essential but complex skills, bidh a’ chlann air an gluasad le dòighean-teagaisg fhad ’s a tha iad a’ togail cunntas sgilean a tha èiseil ach ioma-fhillte
3 seach gu. As the paper costs 20 pence per sheet from the suppliers we have to charge for the translations, seach gu bheil am pàipear a’ cosg 20 sgillinn an duilleag bho na solaraichean feumaidh sinn suim a chur mu choinneimh nan eadar-theangachaidhean
4 (a) nuair a
(b) expressed with an uair a tha. And intervening only as necessary, agus a’ tighinn a-staigh don chùis a-mhàin an uair a tha e riatanach. Plot and dialogue will be necessary terms as pupils explore fiction, ’s e ainmean air am bi feum a tha ann am plota agus còmhradh an uair a bhitheas a’ chlann a’ beachdachadh air ficsean. As appropriate, an uair a tha sin iomchaidh
5 expressed with prep pron formed from an. He was awfully full of pranks as a boy, bha e uamhlaidh adhmailteach na bhalach. He was noted as a shot, bha e foirmeil na urchair. The roundhouses survive as low circles of stone or earth, tha na taighean-cruinne air mhaireann nan cearcaill ìosal de chloich no de dh’fhàl
6 expressed with is (= agus). He fell off the chair as he was yelling at the sheep, thuit e dhen t-seithear is e a’ garrchdail ris a’ chaora
7 expressed with anns plus article plus vn. John came in as he was coming up, or as he was going down, one or the other, thàinig Iain a-staigh anns an tighinn an àirde, no anns an dol a-bhàn, an dàrna cuid
8
9 not directly expressed. She said that she doesn’t regard them as correct, thuirt i nach eil i faicinn iad ceart
as if conj phr mar gu. It’s as if a load is off you when everything is paid, tha e mar gu bheil eallach dhìot nuair a tha a h-uile rud pàighte. He was talking as if he knew nothing about it, bha e a’ bruidhinn mar nach robh fhios aige dad ma dheidhinn
as is v phr 1 expressed with agus tha seo fìor a thaobh. As will all cross-curricular concerns, agus tha seo fìor a thaobh nan nithean uile a tha a’ gluasad feadh a’ chlàir-theagaisg
2 expressed with maille ri prep. Time for reading and discussion before writing are essential, as are good exemplars, tha ùine airson a bhith a’ leughadh agus a’ beachdachadh ro sgrìobhadh do-sheachnaichte, maille ri deagh eisimpleirean
as it is v phr mar th’ aige. It’s dry enough as it is, tha e (i) tioram gu leòr mar th’ aige (th’ aice)
as for prep phr 1 (with personal pron) (a) air son (plus poss pron, emphatic). As for me, air mo shon-sa
(b) airson (plus poss pron, emphatic) plus dheth. As for me, air mo shon-sa dheth
2 a thaobh (plus gen). As for Donald, a thaobh Dhòmhnaill
as they say v phr mun tuirt iad
as to prep phr expressed with agus (or is, ’s) plus gu, gun, gum plus dep form of v. Would you be so good as to do it for me? am biodh tu cho math is gun dèanadh tu dhomh e? If he was so foolish as to take it to heart, ma bha e cho faoin is gun tug e fa-near e. They have been clarified in such a way as to enable pupils’ language ability to be progressively extended, rinneadh soilleireachadh orra ann a leithid de dhòigh is gum faodar comas-cànain na cloinne a leudachadh mean air mhean
as well adv phr 1 cuideachd
2 a bharrachd
as well as conj phr 1 (a) a thuilleadh air (plus dat). As well as another European language, a thuilleadh air cànain Eòrpaich eile. As well as particular local circumstances, a thuilleadh air cùisean ionadail sònraichte. Pupils’ confidence in the use of language, English as well as Gaelic, misneach cloinne ann a bhith a’ cleachdadh cànain, a’ Bheurla a thuilleadh air a’ Ghàidhlig
(b) agus … a thuilleadh air a sin. Here is found a variety of grassland species as well as bracken, gheibhear an seo caochladh sheòrsachan de ghnèithean lusraich a bhuineas do thalamh-feòir, agus raineach a thuilleadh air a sin
2 a bharrachd air (plus dat). As well as through performance, a bharrachd air iad fhèin a bhith a’ gabhail pàirt
3 a bhàrr air (plus dat)
4 cho math ri (plus dat). Count the eggs you eat in cakes and puddings as well as the ones you eat on their own, cunnt na h-uighean a dh’itheas tu ann an cèiceachan agus am mìlseanan cho math ris an fheadhainn a dh’itheas ti leotha fhèin
as with prep phr expressed with mar conj. As with any other aspect of the curriculum, it should begin from where the child is, tha seo mar roinn sam bith eile den chlàr-theagaisg : tha còir aige tòiseachadh far a bheil am pàiste
asarabacca n (Asarum europaeum) asair m, pl asairean
asbestos n aisbeist f, gen aisbeiste
blue asbestos n aisbeist f liath, gen aisbeiste lèithe
ascend v tr & i 1 (a) dìrich, vn dìreadh m. We were ascending the hill, bha sinn a’ dìreadh a’ bhruthaich
(b) dìrich ri, vn dìreadh ri. We were ascending the hill, bha sinn a’ dìreadh ris a’ bhruthach
2 streap, vn streap m. We were ascending the mountain, bha sinn a’ streap na beinne
3 (a) rach suas, vn dol suas. We were ascending the hill, bha sinn a’ dol suas am bruthach
(b) rach ri, vn dol ri. We were ascending the hill, bha sinn a’ dol ris a’ bhruthach
4 tog ri, vn togail ri. We were ascending the hill, bha sinn a’ togail ris a’ bhruthach
ascendancy n 1 làmh-an-uachdar. He got the ascendancy over you, fhuair e làmh-an-uachdar ort
2 ceannas m, gen ceannais
ascendant n 1 (ascendancy) làmh-an-uachdar
2 (ancestor) sinnsear m, gen sinnsir, pl sinnsirean
3 (on the ecliptic) puing-èirigh f
in the ascendant a phr expressed with ag èirigh ann am buaidh
ascent n 1 dìreadh m, gen dìridh
2 (a) dol m suas
(b) dol an àirde
ascertain v tr 1 (a) faigh a-mach, vn faighinn a-mach
(b) faigh fios, vn faighinn fios
2 dèan cinnteach à, vn dèanamh cinnteach à
3 cuir à teagamh, vn cur à teagamh. She ascertained the facts, chuir i à teagamh na cùisean
ascribe v tr cuir às leth, vn cur às leth. It was ascribed to him, bha e air a chur às a leth
ascription n cur m às leth, vn cuir às leth
ash n 1 luath f, gen luatha or luathann. Ashes, luath. The ash bucket or pail, peile na luathann. The ash midden, an t-òtrach luathann. Putting out the ashes, a’ cur a-mach na luatha or na luathann. Volcanic ash, luath bholcànach
2 luaithre f
reduce to ashes v phr 1 cuir na luath, vn cur na luath. They reduced it to ashes, chuir iad na luath e
(b) dèan luath de, vn dèanamh luatha de
2 cuir na smàl, vn cur na smal
ash n (Fraxinus excelsior) uinnseann m, gen uinnsinn
ash, weeping n (Fraxinus excelsior var. pendula) uinnseann m silteach, gen uinnsinn shiltich
ash, mountain n (Sorbus aucuparia), see rowan n
ashamed a 1 (a) nàraichte
(b) expressed with bi plus nàire f air. Are you ashamed? a bheil nàire ort? You ought to be ashamed of yourself, bha còir agad nàire a bhith ort
(c) expressed with nàraich, vn nàrachadh m. We were just ashamed, bha sinn dìreach air ar nàrachadh
(d) is nàr do. I’m not ashamed to say that, cha nàr dhomh sin a ràdh
(e) fo nàire
2 expressed with air a thàmailteachadh. She’s (feeling) ashamed just now, tha i air a tàmailteachadh an dràsda
3 (extremely) expressed with air a mhaslachadh. I was very ashamed, bha mi air mo mhaslachadh. We were very ashamed because of him, bha sinn air ar maslachadh leis
need not be ashamed v phr expressed with neg plus bu nàr do. They needn’t be ashamed to do that, cha bu nàr dhaibh sin a dhèanamh
ashet n aiseid f, pl aiseidean
ashore adv air tìr
wash ashore v phr 1 v i phr expressed with thig air tìr, vn tighinn air tìr. Investigation of a substance washed ashore that has caused a number of people to become ill, rannsachadh air stuth a thàinig air tìr agus a dh’fhàg grunn dhaoine gu tinn
2 v tr phr cuir air tìr, vn cur air tìr. Something the sea has washed ashore, rud a chuir am muir air tìr
ashtray n soitheach-luaithre m & f, gen soithich-luaithre, pl soithichean-luaithre
ash-tree n (Fraxinus excelsior) craobh-uinnsinn f, gen craoibhe-uinnsinn, pl craobhan-uinnsinn
Asia pr n an Àisia f, gen na h-Àisia
Asian n Àisianach m, gen & pl Àisianaich
Asian a Àisianach
aside adv 1 (a) a thaobh. I took him aside to speak to him, thug mi a thaobh e gus bruidhinn ris
(b) an dàrna taobh. He put everything else aside, chuir e a h-uile dad eile an dàrna taobh
(c) a leth-taobh
2 air leth
3 mu seach. They’d be glad if they’d get a thousand (pounds) to put aside, bu bhuidhe leotha nam faigheadh iad mìle ri chur mu seach
take aside v tr thoir an dara (or dàrna) taobh, vn toirt an dara taobh. Children who misbehave will be taken aside and the playleader will explain why such behaviour is unacceptable, thèid clann a bhitheas ri droch-ghiùlan a thoirt an dara taobh agus mìnichidh an neach-stiùiridh carson nach tèid gabhail ris a leithid a ghiùlan
ask v tr & i 1 (a) faighnich, vn faighneachd f. Pupils will ask name, age, bidh a’ chlann a’ faighneachd ainm, aois. You’re always asking things, tha thu an còmhnaidh a’ faighneachd rudan. You’re asking too many things, tha thu a’ faighneachd cus rudan. They will be encouraged to ask questions, bithear gam misneachadh gus ceistean fhaighneachd. They didn’t ask who I was, cha d’fhaighnich iad cò mi. He was asking what time it was, bha e a’ faighneachd dè an uair a bhiodh e. I think I made a mistake when you were asking that question, cha chreid mi nach d’rinn mi iomrall nuair a bha thu a’ faighneachd na ceist a bha sin
(b) faighnich de, vn faighneachd de ; or faighnich ri, vn faighneachd ri. Ask her, faighnich dhith. Ask him if he knows where it is, faighnich ris a bheil fios aige far a bheil e. He asked me who you were, dh’fhaighnich e dhìom cò bh’ annad. You’re asking me a lot, tha thu a’ faighneachd mòràn rium. Don’t ask ‘John Duncan’ in case he tells a lie, na faighnich ri ’An Donnchaidh mus innis e breug (answer to unwanted question)
2 feòraich, vn feòrach m, feòrachadh m
3 (a) iarr, vn iarraidh. The children of the village were asked to tea there, bha cloinn a’ bhaile air an iarraidh gu teatha ann
(b) iarr air, vn iarraidh air. Did they ask them to get them for them? an d’iarr iad orra am faighinn daibh? The teacher should ask the pupils to suggest which it is, bu chòir don tidsear iarraidh air a’ chloinn beachd a thoirt air dè an seòrsa a tha ann. Pupils will be asked to convey information, bithear ag iarraidh air cloinn fiosrachadh a chur an cèill. Pupils will be asked to take account of the needs of the audience, iarrar air a’ chloinn feumalachdan an luchd-amais a ghabhail a-staigh. Children will be asked to produce short accounts, thèid iarraidh air a’ chloinn cunntasan goirid a chur ri chèile
4 sùilich air, vn sùileachadh air. They will be asked to extend their ability to write non-narrative texts, bithear a’ sùileachadh orra gun leudaich iad an comas air a bhith a’ sgrìobhadh theacsaichean a bharrachd air stòiridhean. It would be wrong for a pupil’s listening development to be stunted by asking for too much evidence of it in a component like writing, cha bhitheadh e ceart idir casg a chur air fàs pàiste ann an èisteachd le bhith a’ sùileachadh cus dearbhaidh air ann an earrainn-obrach mar a tha sgrìobhadh
ask after v phr faighnich, vn faighneachd f. She asked after you, bha i gad fhaighneachd. Did they ask after me? a robh iad gam fhaighneachd? or an d’fhaighnich iad mi? Tell him I was asking after him very kindly, can ris gu robh mi ga fhaighneachd glè spèiseil. Make sure you say to them that I’m asking after them both, feuch gun can thu riutha gu bheil mi gam faighneachd le chéile
ask for v phr 1 (a) iarr, vn iarraidh m. What was she asking for? dè a bha i ag iarraidh? She was asking for an ice-cream, bha i ag iarraidh reòiteag
(b) iarr air, vn iarraidh air. He was appearing in order to ask for something from her, bha e tighinn am fradharc a dh’iarraidh rud oirrese. What were you asking Santa for? dè bha thu ag iarraidh air Santa. Pupils can be asked for a personal response, faodar freagairt phearsanta iarraidh air cloinn
2 sir, vn sireadh m. When they are asking for general information, an uair a tha iad a’ sireadh fiosrachaidh choitchinn. It will be appropriate for pupils to give and ask for information, bidh e iomchaidh don chloinn fiosrachadh a thoirt agus a shireadh
3 sùilich, vn sùileachadh. By providing questions which ask for literal responses, le bhith a’ cur cheistean a tha a’ sùileachadh fhreagairtean litireil
he asked for it (he brought trouble on himself) expressed with thug e air fhèin e. He was asking for trouble, thug e an dragh air a cheann fhèin
ask a question, ask questions I v i phr 1 cuir ceist, vn cur ceist ; cuir ceistean, vn cur cheist. They will learn to ask questions appropriately, ionnsaichidh iad ceistean a chur ann an dòigh iomchaidh
2 (inquire) feòraich, vn feòrach m. He isn’t going to be asking questions, chan eil e a’ dol a bhith a’ feòrach
II ask a question v tr phr cuir ceist air, vn cur ceiste air
asking n 1 faighneachd f
2 feòrachadh m
(always) asking for a phr expressed with iarratach. He’s not always asking for things, in that way, chan eil e iarratach mar sin
askew adv 1 claon
2 air fhiaradh, or air fiaradh
3 chon an dara taoibh. The picture is askew, tha an dealbh chon an dara taoibh
aslant adv 1 air fhiaradh, or air fiaradh
asleep adv nad chadal. Are you still asleep? a bheil thu nad chadal fhathast? They’re asleep, tha iad nan cadal. She’d prefer to be asleep, b’ fhèarr leatha a bhith na cadal
half-asleep a sgleocach. You look half-asleep, tha thu a’ coimhead sgleocach
asp n 1 (Vipera aspis) asp f, pl aspan
2 (poetical : any venomous serpent) nathair f nimheil, gen nathrach nimheil, pl nathraichean nimheil
asp n (Aspius aspius) asp f, pl aspan
asparagus n (Asparagus officinalis) aspàrag f, gen aspàraig
asparagus, wild n (Asparagus officinalis) 1 aspàrag f fhiadhaich, gen aspàrag fhiadhaich
2 creamh m na muice fiadhaich
aspect n 1 aogas m, gen aogais, pl aogaisean. She had a gloomy aspect, bu ghruamach a h-aogas
2 snuadh m, gen snuaidh. It is a place of the gloomiest aspect, ’s e àite a tha ann as gruamaiche snuadh
3 (a) nì m, pl nithean. They will still need to be supported by the teacher when tackling more complex aspects, bidh feum aca fhathast air taice bhon tidsear an uair a tha iad a’ dol an sàs ann an nithean nas ioma-fhillte. They should be made aware of non-verbal aspects, bu chòir mothachadh a thoirt dhaibh air nithean nach buin idir do dh’fhaclan. Teaching the strategies which will help them to make sense of aspects such as plot is essential, tha e ro-èiseil a bhith a’ teagasg nan sgilean a chuidicheas iad gu bhith a’ tuigsinn nithean mar a tha plota. There will be a range of aspects to assess, bidh sreath nithean ri mheasadh
(b) expressed with nì m a bhuineas do, pl nithean a bhuineas do. Revealing some reaction to one aspect of the text, a’ nochdadh gu bheilear a’ gabhail gu ìre ri aon nì a bhuineas don teacsa. All the important aspects of Gaelic, na nithean cudthromach uile a bhuineas don Ghàidhlig. The simpler aspects of the writer’s craft, na nithean as sìmplidh a bhuineas do cheàird an sgrìobhaiche. They should consider the contribution to the text of simple aspects of sound effects, bu chòir dhaibh beachd a ghabhail air na thathar a’ cur ris an teacsa le nithean sìmplidh a bhuineas do bhuaidhean fuaim
(c) expressed with nì m àraidh co-cheangailte ri, pl nithean etc. This has two aspects, tha dà nì àraidh co-cheangailte ri seo
(d) expressed with nì m a tha a’ bualadh air, pl nithean etc. Working in this way pupils will be introduced to aspects of performance, ann a bhith ag obair anns an dòigh seo gheibh clann aithne air nithean a tha a’ bualadh air a bhith a’ gabhail pàirt
4 (a) cùis f, gen cùise, pl cùisean. Advice on this aspect will be found in…, gheibhear comhairle air a’ chùis seo ann am…. While cultural aspects should be included as part of the programme, ged tha còir cùisean a bhuineas do dhualchas a ghabhail a-staigh mar phàirt den phrògram. The catalogue will contribute information on progress in aspects of reading and writing, gheibhear fiosrachadh air adhartas ann an cùisean leughaidh agus sgrìobhaidh anns a’ chatalog
(b) cùis f a tha a’ dol, pl cùisean etc. For more formal aspects of classroom business, airson na cùisean car foirmeil a tha a’ dol anns an rum-theagaisg
5 (geography : of slope) sealladh-aghaidh m, gen seallaidh-aghaidh, pl seallaidhean-aghaidh. It has an aspect to the north, tha sealladh-aghaidh aige ri tuath
• sealladh m, gen seallaidh, pl seallaidhean. It has an aspect to the north, tha sealladh aige ri tuath
6 (linguistics) aogas m, gen aogais, pl aogaisean. Inchoative aspect, aogas tòiseachail
7 roinn f, gen roinne, pl roinnean. Aspects of learning, roinnean ionnsachaidh. As with any other aspect of the curriculum, it should begin from where the child is in place and time, tha seo mar roinn sam bith eile den chlàr-theagaisg : tha còir aige tòiseachadh far a bheil am pàiste, an t-àite agus an tìm anns a bheil e
8 meur m, gen meòir, pl meuran. Each one with a number of strands or aspects of learning, gach aon le àireamh iallan no meuran ionnsachaidh. The socio-economic reasons should also be an aspect of history, tha còir cuideachd na h-adhbhair shòiseo-eacanomaigeach a bhith mar mheur de dh’eachdraidh
9 earrann f, gen earrainn, pl earrannan. In these texts each aspect may be dealt with in turn, anns na teacsaichean seo faodar dèiligeadh ris gach earrainn, tè mu seach. A strand is a sequence of targets in a key aspect of skills, ’s e a tha ann an ‘iall’ ach sreath de chuimsean ann an earrainn chudthromaich air choireigin de sgilean
10 raon m, gen raoin, pl raointean. Which stimulates pupils’ imaginations and their interest in and enjoyment of language in all its aspects, a bheothaicheas mac-meanmna na cloinne agus an ùidh a tha aca anns gach raon de chànain agus an tlachd a gheibh iad asda seo
11 suidheachadh m, gen suidheachaidh, pl suidheachaidhean. On both aspects, mun dà shuidheachadh sin
12 (a) expressed with na bhuineas do. The nature of the language components have been re-defined and their aspects identified, chomharraicheadh as ùr nàdar nan earrainnean-cànain, agus chuireadh aithne air na bhuineas dhaibh
(b) expressed with cuid de na bhuineas do. To discuss aspects of the activities in the strands above, a bhith a’ beachdachadh air cuid de na bhuineas do na gnìomhan anns na h-iallan gu h-àrd
13 not directly expressed. Respond in a way that shows some reaction to one aspect of the text, a’ freagairt ann an dòigh a tha a’ nochdadh na h-uiread de thuigse air an teacsa. How aspects of delivery can affect the success of talk, mar a dh’fhaodas buaidh a bhith aig lìobhraigeadh air mar a shoirbhicheas le labhairt
aspen n (Populus tremula) critheann m, gen crithinn
aspen-tree n (Populus tremula) craobh-chrithinn f, gen craoibhe-crithinn, pl craobhan-crithinn
asperity n 1 gairbhe f
2 geurachd
3 gairge f
asphodel, bog n (Narthecium ossifragum) 1 bliochan m, gen bliochain
2 bliochan m Sasannach, gen bliochain Shasannaich
asphodel, Scottish n (Tofieldia pusilla) bliochan m Albannach, gen bliochain Albannaich
aspiration n 1 analachadh m, gen analachaidh
2 = lenition n, qv
3 dèidh f, gen dèidhe, pl dèidhean
aspirate v tr 1 anailich, vn analachadh m
2 = lenite v tr, qv
aspire v i dùraig, vn dùraigeadh m, dùrachdainn m
aspire to v phr 1 bi an dèidh air
aspiring a expressed with miannach a. He is an aspiring actor, tha e miannach air a bhith na actair
ass n asal f, gen asail, pl asalan ; or aiseal m, gen aiseil, pl aisealan
assail, v tr thoir ionnsaigh air, vn toirt ionnsaigh air
assailant n 1 (a) neach-ionnsaigh m, pl luchd-ionnsaigh
(b) neach a thug ionnsaigh, pl daoine a thug ionnsaigh
2 ionnsaighear m, gen ionnsaigheir, pl ionnsaighearan
assassin n 1 foill-mhortair m, pl foill-mhortairean
2 mortair m, pl mortairean
assassinate v tr 1 foill-mhort m, gen foill-mhoirt
2 mort m, gen moirt
assassination n 1 foill-mhort, vn foill-mhort m
2 mort, vn mort m
assault n ionnsaigh f, pl ionnsaighean. An indecent assault, ionnsaigh dhrabasta
assault v tr thoir ionnsaigh air, vn toirt ionnsaigh air. He assaulted me, thug e ionnsaigh orm
assemblage n (of people) bannal m, gen bannail, pl bannalan ; also banal m, gen banail, pl banalan
assemble v tr & i 1 (a) cruinnich, vn cruinneachadh m
(b) co-chruinnich, vn co-chruinneachadh m
2 thoir an ceann a chèile, vn toirt an ceann a chèile
assembled a 1 (a) air an cruinneachadh
(b) cruinn. The people were assembled, bha an sluagh cruinn
2 an ceann a chèile
assembly n 1 (a) cruinneachadh m, gen cruinneachaidh, pl cruinneachaidhean
(b) co-chruinneachadh m, gen co-chruinneachaidh, pl co-chruinneachaidhean
2 còmhlan m, gen & pl còmhlain. A large assembly of people, còmhlan mòr de shluagh
3 tional m, gen tionail, pl tionalan
4 mòr-dhail m, pl mòr-dhàilean
5 (Presbyterian Churches) àrd-sheanadh m, gen àrd-sheanaidh, pl àrd-sheanaidhean. The General Assembly, an t-Àrd-Sheanadh
6 cur m ri chèile, gen cuir ri chèile. Assembly instructions, stiùireadh airson cuir ri chèile
assent n aonta, aontadh, gen aonta, aontaidh, pl aontan, aontaidhean
assent v i 1 aontaich, vn aontachadh m (to, ri)
2 thoir aonta, vn toirt aonta (to, ri or do)
assert v tr 1 tagair, vn tagairt f, tagradh m
2 agair, vn agairt m & f
3 dearbh, vn dearbhadh m
assertion n 1 tagradh m, gen tagraidh, pl tagraidhean
2 dearbhadh m, gen dearbhaidh, pl dearbhaidhean
assertive n 1 tagrach, comp tagraiche
2 dian-bharalach
assess v tr 1 meas, vn measadh m. They should include occasions when pupils learn to assess their own work, tha còir gun gabh iad a-staigh amannan a bhitheas a’ chlann ag ionnsachadh mar a mheasas iad an cuid obrach fhèin. The school will identify, assess and respond to all such needs, bidh an sgoil a’ comharrachadh, a’ measadh agus a’ freagairt gach feum den t-seòrsa sin. Contexts which will give opportunities to monitor, or more formally assess, the progress of individual pupils, suidhichidhean a bhitheas a’ toirt cothroim gus sùil a chumail air adhartas chloinne fa leth, no gus sin a mheasadh nas foirmeile. It is nevertheless assumed that work relating to the strand will begin in the years before attainment is assessed, gabhar ris air a shon sin gum bi obair a bhuineas ris an iall a’ tòiseachadh anns na bliadhnachan mum bi coileanadh air a mheasadh
2 (a) dèan measadh air, vn dèanamh measaidh air. For assessing what is needed to improve performance, airson measadh a dhèanamh air na tha riatanach gus obair a dhèanamh nas fheàrr. The setting within which pupils can assess their own performance, an suidheachadh anns am faod a’ chlann measadh a dhèanamh air na tha iad fhèin a’ cur ris
(b) expressed with measadh m air. Basic points about assessing language, puingean bunaiteach mu mheasadh air cànain
assessment n 1 measadh m, gen measaidh, pl measaidhean. It explains how assessment should be developed, tha e a’ mìneachadh mar as còir measadh a thoirt air adhart. Including the assessment of achievements, agus sin a’ gabhail a-staigh measadh air na thathar a’ toirt gu buil. The form of assessment of these ideas should be one which allows pupils to record their understandings, tha còir aig cruth measadh nam bun-smuaintean seo cothrom a thoirt don chloinn a bhith a’ dèanamh iomraidh air na nithean a tha iad a’ tuigsinn. A structure for assessment and recording, structar airson measaidh agus clàraidh. How are these assessments to be recorded? ciamar a thathar a’ dol a chlàradh nam measaidhean seo?
2 expressed with meas v, vn meas or measadh. Improved assessment of pupils’ progress, adhartas na cloinne a mheas nas fheàrr. Assessment of listening should be varied, bu chòir caochladh dhòighean a chleachdadh air èisteachd a mheasadh. If schools decide that pupils for whom a Record of Needs has been opened should become involved in the system of assessment described here, ma tha sgoiltean a’ cur romhpa gum bi clann a tha na feuman aca gan clàradh air am measadh a rèir nan dòighean a tha air an comharrachadh an seo. It is important to recognise that the form of assessment has to match the aims of the teaching process, tha e cudthromach a thuigsinn gum bi an dòigh anns a bheilear a’ measadh ann an dàimh ri amasan teagaisg. The increasing responsibility given to pupils in the structuring and assessment of their own learning, an t-uallach a thathar a’ cur air cloinn ann a bhith a’ deilbh ’s a’ measadh an cuid ionnsachaidh fhèin a’ dol am meud
3 expressed with dèan measadh, vn dèanamh measaidh. Both the process and the products will offer the teacher opportunities for assessment, bidh an dà chuid an dòigh-obrach agus na thig às an obair a’ toirt cothroim don tidsear air measadh a dhèanamh
peer-assessment n 1 measadh m cho-aoisean, gen measaidh cho-aoisean. To assist in self- and peer-assessment, gus cuideachadh le fèin-mheasadh agus measadh cho-aoisean
2 measadh m co-aoise, gen measaidh co-aoise. Through introducing peer- and self- assessment, le bhith a’ toirt a-steach measadh co-aoise agus fèin-mheasaidh
self-assessment n fèin-mheasadh m, gen fèin-mheasaidh. To assist in self-assessment, gus cuideachadh le fèin-mheasadh. Part 3 suggests a degree of self and peer assessment for all pupils, tha Pàirt 3 a’ moladh na h-uiread de dh’fhèin-measadh agus de mheasadh cho-aoisean don chloinn air fad. Through introducing peer- and self- assessment, le bhith a’ toirt a-steach measadh co-aoise agus fèin-mheasaidh
assessment mod measaidh. Pupil progress in the teaching or the evaluation phases of the assessment cycle, adhartas na cloinne anns na fo-rèisean teagaisg no breithneachaidh sa chuairt mheasaidh. Contexts are the motivating situations within which teaching, learning and assessment activities take place, is ann an suidhichidhean a ghluaiseas an inntinn a thèid gnìomhan teagaisg, ionnsachaidh agus measaidh air adhart
assessment centre n phr ionad m measaidh, gen ionaid mheasaidh, pl ionadan measaidh
assessment procedure n phr dòigh-mheasaidh f, gen dòigh-measaidh, pl dòighean-measaidh. Assessment procedures should be planned as part of the teaching and learning processes, tha còir dòighean-measaidh air cànain a dheilbh mar phàirt de chùisean teagaisg agus ionnsachaidh
assessment profile n phr teisteanas-measaidh m, gen & pl teisteanais-mheasaidh. The use of an assessment profile should be flexible, tha còir cleachdadh an teisteanais-mheasaidh a bhith fosgailte
assessment schedule n phr clàr-measaidh m, gen clàir-mheasaidh, pl clàran-measaidh. An assessment schedule could be devised, dh’fhaodaiste clàr-measaidh a dheilbh
assessor n measadair m, pl measadairean
asset n 1 taic f, gen taice
2 maoin f, gen maoine
3 (a) nì m feumail, pl nithean feumail. It is increasingly seen as an asset, thathar a’ sìor thuigsinn gur nì feumail e
(b) expressed with nì m feumail, pl nìthean feumail, plus a bhith ann. Bilingual and multilingual children and adults are an asset, is nì feumail e clann agus inbhich dhà-chànanach agus ioma-chànanach a bhith ann
assets n pl 1 maoin f, gen maoine
2 so-mhaoin f, gen so-mhaoine
assiduity n 1 dìcheall m, gen dìchill
2 dùrachd f
assiduous a 1 dìcheallach, comp dìcheallaiche
2 dùrachdach, comp dùrachdaiche
assign v tr 1 cuir air leth, vn cur air leth (to, do)
2 (a) dèan thairis (còir), vn dèanamh thairis (còrach)
(b) thoir thairis (còir), vn toirt thairis (còrach)
3 comharraich, vn comharrachadh m
4 sònraich, vn sònrachadh m
assignation n 1 cur m air leth, gen cuir air leth
2 expressed with thoir thairis (còir), vn toirt thairis (còrach). He made an assignation of the croft, thug e thairis còir air a’ chroit
3 sònrachadh m, gen sònrachaidh, pl sònraichaidhean
4 (a) coinneamh f, gen coinneimh, pl coinneamhan
(b) coinneamh-leannan f, gen coinneimh-leannan, pl coinneamhan-leannan
assignment n 1 gnìomh m, pl gnìomhan. Provide pupils with varied, interesting assignments, gnìomhan tarraingeach de chaochladh sheòrsachan a thairgse don chloinn
2 iomairt f, pl iomairtean. Rather than as ‘right/wrong’ assignments, ’s chan ann mar iomairtean ‘ceart no ceàrr’
3 (a) obair-shònraichte f, gen obrach-sònraichte, pl obraichean-sònraichte
(b) dleastanas m sònraichte, gen dleastanais shònraichte, pl dleastanasan sònraichte
assimilate v tr 1 gabh a-steach, vn gabhail a-steach. He assimilated the food, ghabh e a-steach am biadh
2 sùgh, vn sùghadh m
3 dèan coltach, vn dèanamh coltach
4 (grammar) co-choslaich, vn co-choslachadh m
assimilation n 1 gabhail m a-steach
2 sùghadh m, gen sùghaidh
3 (grammar) co-choslachadh m, gen co-choslachaidh
assist I v tr 1 cuidich le, vn cuideachadh le. The Programmes of Study are designed to assist schools in reviewing their practices, tha na clàran oideachaidh air an cur ri chèile gus cuideachadh le sgoiltean ann a bhith a’ breithneachadh air na dòighean obrach aca. We are committed to assisting groups provide equality of opportunity for all children, tha sinn a’ toirt gealltanais gus cuideachadh le buidhnean gu bhith a’ toirt co-ionannachd chothroman do gach aon neach-cloinne
2 expressed with cuideachadh m, gen cuideachaidh. This assists them in measuring its success, tha seo na chuideachadh dhaibh gus tomhas a dhèanamh air a h-èifeachd. To assist them, they may need linguistic formulae, ’s dòcha gum bi feum aca sin air cuideachadh le ràdhan foirmeil
II assist v i cuidich, vn cuideachadh m. Assessment should assist in building a positive relationship between teacher and pupil, tha còir aig measadh a bhith a’ cuideachadh ann a bhith a’ togail dàimh dheimhinnich eadar an tidsear agus am pàiste. The teacher should be involved in assisting with the selection of ideas, tha còir aig an tidsear a bhith a’ gabhail pàirt ann an cuideachadh le bhith a’ taghadh bhun-bheachdan. To assist in self-assessment, gus cuideachadh le fèin-mheasadh. The teacher’s role is to assist in that process, ’s e àite an tidseir a bhith a’ cuideachadh leis na tha a’ dol
assistance n 1 cuideachadh m, gen cuideachaidh. They will show a readiness to talk, albeit with some adult assistance, nochdaidh iad gu bheil iad deònach a bhith a’ còmhradh, ged as ann fhèin le cuideachadh o inbhich. To seek advice and assistance, a bhith a’ sireadh comhairle is cuideachaidh
2 cobhair f, gen cobhrach, coibhre
3 taice f. This is not just a matter of sympathetic assistance in advancing the pupil’s developing skills, chan eil seo a’ ciallachadh a-mhàin taice cho-fhaireachail ann a bhith a’ toirt air adhart sgilean a’ phàiste mar a tha iad a’ fàs
assistant n neach-cuideachaidh m, pl luchd-cuideachaidh
associate n 1 companach m, gen & pl companaich
2 neach-compàirt m, pl luchd-compàirt
3 pàirtiche m, pl pàirtichean
associate v tr 1 (a) rach am pàirt (with, le). I associated with Donald in doing it, chaidh mi am pàirt le Dòmhnall ann a bhith ga dhèanamh
(b) bi pàirteach
2 co-chuir, vn co-chur m (with, ri). Pupils will be given opportunities to associate listening with other forms of communication, bidh a’ chlann a’ faighinn cothroim air èisteachd a cho-chur ri seòrsachan eile de chonaltradh
associate with v phr (think of together with) expressed with dèan co-cheangal eadar … agus, vn dèanamh co-cheangail…. I always associate Donald with black puddings, tha mi daonnan a’ dèanamh co-cheangail eadar Dòmhnall agus maragan dubha
associated a expressed with co-cheangailte ri. From their associated purposes, bho na h-adhbhair a tha co-cheangailte riutha
associated with prep phr 1 co-cheangailte ri. The activities associated with these outcomes cannot usually be separated, cha ghabh sgaradh a dhèanamh air na gnìomhan a tha co-cheangailte ris na builean seo. To identify the main forms associated with functional writing, gus aithne chur air na prìomh mhodhan a tha co-cheangailte ri sgrìobhadh gnìomhachail
2 a bhuineas do. Pupils will discuss terms associated with knowledge about language, bidh a’ chlann a’ beachdachadh air ràdhan a bhuineas do dh’eòlas air cànain
association n 1 comann m, gen & pl comainn
2 co-chuideachd f
3 buidheann f, gen buidhen, pl buidhnean
4 (a) ceangal m, gen ceangail, pl ceanglaichean. Within a framework of increasingly rich associations, agus siud uile taobh a-staigh cheanglaichean a tha a’ sìor fhàs buannachdail agus beairteach
(b) expressed with ceangail ri v, vn ceangal ri. Association of words with activity is another important device for indicating meaning, ’s e cleas cudthromach a tha ann cuideachd a bhith a’ ceangal fhaclan ri gnìomh gus brìgh a chur an cèill
5 (grammar) co-cheangal m, gen co-cheangail
in association with prep phr ann an co-bhonn ri. Writing will be developed in association with the other three outcomes, bidh sgrìobhadh a’ fàs ann an co-bhonn ris na trì builean eile
assonance n amas m, gen amais. This unstressed rhyme occurs in a number of lines, and perhaps also in line 6d if one counts the assonance between ‘co-dhùnadh : chuir’, tha an comhardadh gun chudthrom a tha seo a’ tachairt ann an grunnan shreathan, agus dh’fhaodadh cuideachd ann an sreath 6d nam bite a’ cunntadh an amais eadar ‘co-dhùnadh : chuir’
assonate v i dèan amas, vn dèanamh amais. These syllables usually do not rhyme, but sometimes two or three of them at least assonate, mar as trice chan eil na lidean seo a’ dèanamh comhardaidh ann, ach uaireannan tha a dhà no a thrì dhiubh a’ dèanamh amais co-dhiù
assortment n measgachadh m, gen measgachaidh, pl measgachaidhean
assuage v tr 1 caisg, vn casg m
2 traogh, vn traoghadh m. Has she assuaged her anger yet, an do thraogh i an fhearg fhathast?
3 lùghdaich, vn lùghdachadh m
assuagement n 1 traoghadh m, gen traoghaidh
2 lùghdachadh m, gen lùghdachaidh
assume v tr 1 (a) (i) gabh ort (fhèin), vn gabhail ort (fhèin). He assumed control. ghabh e ùghdarras air fhèin
(ii) gabh os làimh, vn gabhail os làimh. He assumed command himself, ghabh e fhèin ùghdarras os làimh
(b) thoir ort (fhèin), vn toirt ort (fhèin). She is assuming a new name, tha i a’ toirt ainm ùr oirre fhèin
2 gabh ri, vn gabhail ri. It is nevertheless assumed that work relating to the strand will begin in the years before attainment is assessed, gabhar ris air a shon sin gum bi obair a bhuineas ris an iall a’ tòiseachadh anns na bliadhnachan mum bi coileanadh air a mheasadh. It is assumed that work in this area will continue, gabhar ris gum bi obair anns an àrainn seo a’ leantainn. Progress will assume an adequate amount of time for learning, bithear a’ gabhail ris gum bi ùine gu leòr ann airson ionnsachaidh
3 expressed with cinnteach a. It cannot be assumed that children will have acquired the necessary skills by the time they enter P1, chan urrainn dhuinn a bhith cinnteach gum bi clann air na sgilean èiseil a thogail ron am a thig iad a-steach do B1
assumption n 1 gabhail m (ort)
2 (a) beachd m, pl beachdan. The assumption was that use needed to be preceded by knowledge, bha am beachd a’ dol gum feumadh eòlas a bhith ann mus bitheadh an cleachdadh ann
(b) barail f, gen baraile, pl barailean. An unproven assumption, barail gun dearbhadh
3 (a) expressed with thathar a’ gabhail ris. It has been a basic assumption that the resources required for the achievement of these targets will be made available, thathar air a bhith a’ gabhail ris mar nì bunaiteach gum bi na goireasan gan sealbhachadh air a bheil feum gus na cuimsean seo a choileanadh
(b) expressed with nì a thathar a’ gabhail ris, pl nithean a thathar a’ gabhail riutha. Pupils are expected to evaluate the assumptions expressed in a text, thathar a’ sùileachadh gum bi a’ chlann a’ tomhas nan nithean a thathar a’ gabhail riutha ann an teacsa
assurance n 1 dearbhachd m
2 cinnteachd f
3 (insurance for certainties) àrachas m, gen àrachais. Life assurance, àrachas-beatha
assure v tr 1 expressed with rach an urras do. He will come, I assure you, thig e, thèid mi an urras dhut
2 expressed with bi cinnteach. He will come, I assure you, thig e, faodaidh tu bhith cinnteach
3 expressed with geall do, vn gealladh do. He will come, I assure you, thig e, tha mi a’ gealladh dhut
aster, sea n (Aster tripolium) neòinean m sàilein, gen neòinein shàilein, pl neòineanan sàilein
aster, stink n (Ditricchia graveolens) neòinean m breun, gen neòinein bhrèin, pl neìneanan breuna
asterisk n reul f, gen rèil, pl reultan
astern adv 1 (position on ship) na deireadh
2 (backwards) (a) gu a deireadh
(b) a thaobh a deiridh. She was going astern, bha i a’ dol a thaobh a deiridh
asteroid n mion-phlanaid f, pl mion-phlanaidean
• asteroid f, pl asteroidean
asthma n 1 a’ chuing f, gen na cuinge
2 an sac m, gen an t-saic
3 am mùchadh m, gen a’ mhùchaidh. He has asthma, tha am mùchadh ann. Does she have asthma? a bheil am mùchadh innte? She was taking medicine for asthma, bha i a’ gabhàil stuth airson a’ mhùchaidh. It was an asthma attack that killed her, ’s e meall mùchaidh a mharbh i
astonish v tr 1 cuir iongantas air, vn cur iongantais air
2 cuir mòr-iongantas air, vn cur mòr-iongantais air
astonishing a iongantach, comp iongantaiche. That’s just astonishing, tha siod dìreach iongantach
astonishment n 1 iongantas m, gen iongantais. To my astonishment they were no longer there, chuir e iongantas orm nach robh iad ann tuilleadh
2 mòr-iongantas m, gen mòr-iongantais
astral a reultach
astray a 1 air seachran or air sheachran. The sheep went astray, chaidh a’ chaora air seachran. Even though he were a Christian he might go astray, ged a bhiodh e na Chrìosdaidh dh’fhaodadh e dhol air sheachran
2 (a) air iomrall
(b) iomrall. He went astray, chaidh e iomrall. It went astray in the post, chaidh e iomrall anns a’ phost
lead astray v phr cuir air seachran, vn cur air seachran. That led me astray completely, chuir siod air seachran buileach mi
astrologer n reuladair m, pl reuladairean
astrology n reuladaireachd f
astronaut n speuradair m, pl speuradairean
astronomer n reul-eòlaiche m, pl reul-eòlaichean
astronomy n reul-eòlas m, gen reul-eòlais. Non-fiction itself includes journalism, works of history, astronomy, tha fìorsgeul fhèin a’ gabhail a-staigh naidheachdas, sgrìobhaidhean eachdraidh, reul-eòlas
asunder adv às a chèile
asylum n 1 teàrmann m, gen teàrmainn
2 (lunatic asylum) (a) taigh-chaoich m, pl taighean-chaoich
(b) ionad-teàrmainn m, gen ionaid-theàrmainn, pl ionadan-teàrmainn
at prep 1 (a) aig (not leniting) (plus dat)
(forms with article) aig an, aig a’, aig na
(pronominal forms) agam(sa), agad(sa), aige(san), aice(se), againn(e), agaibh(se), aca(san)
At the door, aig an doras. At the window, aig an uinneig. Who’s at the door? cò th’ aig an doras? His boat was at the Creag Mhaol, bha an t-eathar aige aig a’ Chreag Mhaol. She’s knitting and at other things, tha i a’ fighe is aig eile. He was terribly busy at the dipping and everything, bha e uamhasach dripeoil aig an doibeadh is aig a h-uile rud
(b) expressed with agus sin aig. statements of minimum competency or attainment targets, at five broad levels of development, iomraidhean air comasan aig a’ char as lugha, no cuimsean coileanaidh, agus iad sin aig còig ìrean farsaing de dh’adhartas
2 air (not leniting) (plus dat). You’re good at reading, tha thu math air leughadh. She’s good at talking, tha i math air bruidhinn. He isn’t good at training them, chan eil e math air an ionnsachadh. You’re better at getting eggs than me, tha thu nas fheàrr air faighinn uighean na mise. The boys were throwing stones at each other, bha na balaich a’ caitheamh clachan air a chèile. She lives at Laide, tha i a’ fuireach air an Leathad. In Kyleakin at the fair, an Caol Acainn air an fhèill (song). The handsome, well-shaped young man who met me at Garve fair, an t-òigfhear foinneamh dealbhach a thachair air Fèill Ghairbh mi (song)
3 ri. Don’t be at the dog like that, na bi ris a’ chù mar sin. My coat is hanging at the wardrobe, tha mo chòta a’ crochadh ris a’ phreas-aodaich. Perhaps they were both at the drink, dh’fhaodadh gu robh iad le chèile ris an deoch. They were only playing at it, cha robh iad ach a’ ceilbheis ris
4 gu. She’s very good at work, tha i glè mhath gu obair. It must be that she’s hardy at doing things, feumaidh gu bheil i treubhach gu rud a dhèanamh
5 expressed with ag obair air. Don’t be (going on) at her like that, na bi ag obair oirre mar sin. If they’d be in a heap perhaps the cows would be at it, nam biodh iad ann an dais dh’fhaodadh gum biodh an crodh ag obair air
6 expressed with agus plus vn. Gaining a command of Gaelic is a process involving the gradual acquisition and expansion of knowledge, skills and understanding at increasing levels of difficulty and demand, gus a’ Ghàidhlig ionnsachadh feumar eòlas, sgilean agus tuigse a thogail agus a leudachadh mean air mhean, agus ìrean duilgheadais a’ sìor mheudachadh
7 sometimes unexpressed in Gaelic with expressions of time. He expected to come to get them at the beginning of the week, bha e an dùil ri thighinn gan iarraidh toiseach na seachdaineach. There were flocks of them at the beginning of spring, bha sgaorran ann dhiubh toiseach an earraich
at all adv phr, see sv all adv
at that adv phr aige siod
atacamite n (mineralogy) atacaimit f
atheism n ain-diadhachd f
atheist n 1 ain-diadhach m, gen & pl ain-diadhaich
2 neach-àicheidh m, pl luchd-àicheidh
atheistic, atheistical a ain-diadhach, comp ain-diadhaiche
Athens pr n an Àithinn f. The City of Athens, Baile na h-Àithne
athlete n lùth-chleasaiche m, pl lùth-chleasaichean
athletic a 1 (of person) lùthmhor, comp lùthmhoire
2 (game, event) lùth-chleasach, comp lùth-chleasaiche
athletics n lùth-chleasachd f
athwart adv 1 tarsainn
2 air a tharsainn
athwart prep tarsainn (plus gen)
Atlantic n 1 Atlantach m, gen Atlantaich
Atantic Ocean pr n 1 Cuan m Atlantach, gen Cuain Atlantaich
2 Cuan m Siar, gen Cuain Siar
Atlantic a 1 Atlantach
2 a’ Chuain Siar
(b) a bhuineas don Chuan Siar
atlas n 1 atlas m, pl atlasan. You may need an atlas to help you, is dòcha gu feum thu atlas airson do chuideachadh
2 leabhar m mhapaichean, gen leabhair mhapaichean, pl leabhraichean mapaichean
atmosphere n 1 (air) àile m
2 atmasfear m
3 (feeling) (a) fair-shuidheachadh m, gen fair-shuidheachaidh. They can so easily be related to the writer’s purpose : to create an atmosphere, tha e cho furasta an cur ann an dàimh ris an adhbhar-sgrìobhaidh : gus fair-shuidheachadh a chruthachadh
(b) expressed with àile m. Sentence structures can be discussed in terms of how they create meaning, mood and atmosphere, faodar beachdachadh air cumaidhean sheantansan a thaobh ’s mar a tha iad a’ cruthachadh brìgh, suidheachadh-inntinn agus ‘àile’
(c) faireachdainn m. There was an amazing atmosphere in the place, bha faireachdainn anns an àite a bha mìorbhaileach
atmospheric a 1 an àile. Atmospheric pressure, brùthadh an àile
2 an atmasfear
atoll n atal m, gen atail, pl atalan
atom n atam m, pl ataman
atomic a atamach
atone v tr dèan rèite, vn dèanamh rèite (for, airson plus gen)
atonement n rèite f
atrocious a uabhasach
atrocity n 1 uabhas m, gen uabhais, pl uabhasan
2 buirbe f
attach v tr 1 ceangail, vn ceangal
2 (a) expressed with cuir, vn cur. Schools should attach a priority to helping children, cuiridh na sgoiltean mòr-chudthrom air a bhith a’ cuideachadh clann
(b) cuir an greim, vn cur an greim. Attach the tube connector to the tube, cuir an ceangladair tiuba an greim air an tiuba
attached a 1 (a) (i) ceangailte. He is very attached to her, tha e glè cheangailte rithe
(ii) expressed with ceangal m, gen ceangail, plus aig. I was very attached to John, bha ceangal mòr agam fhèin ri Iain
(b) co-cheangailte. Have attached to them attainment targets, tha cuimsean coileanaidh co-cheangailte riutha
2 expressed with mòr aig. I was very attached to John, bha Iain glè mhòr agam. These two are greatly attached to each other, tha an dithis aca seo glè mhòr aig a chèile
3 (a) expressed with an cois (plus gen). Most strands have attached to them statements of minimum competency, an cois na mòrchodach de na h-iallan tha iomraidhean air comasan aig a’ char as lugha
(b) expressed with an lùib (plus gen)
strings attached adv phr 1 (a) expressed with cumhaichean, cumhachan f pl. I’m afraid there are strings attached, tha eagal orm gum bi cumhaichean air. He told me there were no strings attached, dh’innis e dhomh nach robh cumhaichean air a’ ghnothach
(b) expressed with fo chumhaichean
2 expressed with fo cheanglaichean
attachment n 1 ceangal m, gen ceangail
2 ceangaltan m, gen & pl ceangaltain
3 dàimh m & f
2 spèis f, gen spèise
3 gràdh m, gen gràidh
attack n 1 ionnsaigh m & f, pl ionnsaighean
2 (bout, as of illness ; fit, as of rage) (a) taom m, gen taoma. An attack of fever, taom fiabhrais. An attack of rage, taom feirge
(b) meall m, gen mill. An attack of asthma, meall mùchaidh
word attack n phr gleachd-ri-faclan m. Through a programme which should develop skills of word attack, tro phrògram a dh’fheumadh sgilean gleachd-ri-faclan a thoirt air adhart
attack v tr 1 thoir ionnsaigh air, vn toirt ionnsaigh air
2 thoir aghaidh air, vn toirt aghaidh air. He attacked me, thug e aghaidh orm
3 (a) dall air, vn dalladh air. They were really attacking him, bha iad a’ dalladh air dha-rìreabh. He attacked his dinner, dhall e air a dhìothad
(b) buail air, vn bualadh air
4 (verbally) thoir slaic air, vn toirt slaic air
attacker n neach-ionnsaigh m, pl luchd-ionnsaigh
attain v 1 (a) ruig, vn ruigheachd f, ruigsinn f. Until pupils have attained Level A targets, gus a bheil a’ chlann air cuimsean coileanaidh Ìre A a ruigheachd. Pupils who attain Level E, sgoilearan a ruigeas Ìre E. To illustrate how each of the attainment targets may be attained, gus sealltainn mar a dh’fhaodar gach aon de na cuimsean coileanaidh a ruigsinn
(b) ruig air, vn ruigheachd air, ruigsinn air. I cannot attain to it, cha ruig mi air
2 coilean, vn coileanadh m. For those who have attained Level E work should continue in a progressive fashion, iadsan a tha air Ìre E a choileanadh, tha còir gun leanadh an obair aca ann an dòigh adhartach. Alternative ways of attaining targets should be available to them, tha còir dòighean eadar-dhealaichte a thairgse dhaibh gus na cuimsean a choileanadh
3 amais air, vn amas air. Pupils are expected to attain an appropriate level of spelling, thathar a’ sùileachadh gum bi a’ chlann ag amas air ìre iomchaidh litreachaidh
4 buannaich, vn buannachd f
5 faigh, vn faighinn f
attainable a so-ruigsinn ; also so-ruighinn. Should be attainable in the course of P1-P3, so-ruigsinn eadar B1 agus B3
attainment n 1 (a) expressed with coileanadh m, gen coileanaidh. At five levels of attainment, aig còig ìrean coileanaidh. The successful attainment of these targets will result in the following outcomes, ma ruigear na cuimsean coileanaidh seo thig na builean a leanas gu ìre. It is nevertheless assumed that work relating to the strand will begin in the years before attainment is assessed, gabhar ris air a shon sin gum bi obair a bhuineas ris an iall a’ tòiseachadh anns na bliadhnachan mum bi coileanadh air a mheasadh. Materials geared to the appropriate levels of pupil attainment, stuthan a tha ann an dàimh ri ìrean freagarrach na cloinne a thaobh coileanaidh
(b) expressed with coilean v, vn coileanadh m. For a few in Gaelic medium programmes, language development will not involve attainment of the targets, tha àireamh bheag a tha gan oideachadh tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig nach bi a’ coileanadh nan cuimsean ann an cànain
(c) expressed with na tha plus coilean v, vn coileanadh m. In ways appropriate to their ages, needs and attainments, ann an dòighean a fhreagras air an aois, air am feuman agus air na tha iad a’ coileanadh. In ways appropriate to their age and attainments, ann an dòighean a tha a’ freagairt air an aois agus air na choileanas iad
(d) expressed with na bheil … air a choileanadh. Some pupils may demonstrate their attainment by using alternative forms of communication, faodaidh cuid a bhith a’ nochdadh na bheil iad air a choileanadh le bhith a’ cleachdadh modhan conaltraidh eadar-dhealaichte
(e) expressed with na thèid aig … air a choileanadh. Contexts which will give opportunities to monitor the progress and attainments of individual pupils, suidhichidhean a bhitheas a’ toirt cothroim gus sùil a chumail air adhartas chloinne fa leth agus na thèid aca air a choileanadh
(f) expressed with coilean cuimsean v phr, vn coileanadh chuimsean. There will be pupils in S2 for whom attainments at Level D, or earlier levels, will be major achievements, ’s e fìor adhartas mòr a bhitheas ann do chuid ann an A2 ma thèid aca air cuimsean a choileanadh aig Ìre D, no ìrean nas ìsle na sin
2 (a) expressed with na thèid aig … air a thoirt gu buil. Teaching and learning approaches which will extend their attainments, modhan teagaisg agus ionnsachaidh a nì leudachadh air na thèid aca air a thoirt gu buil
(b) expressed with na tha a’ dol aig … air a dhèanamh or na thèid aig … air a dhèanamh. It is the responsibility of the school to apply the attainment targets in ways which will permit pupils to demonstrate their attainments, tha e mar uallach air an sgoil na cuimsean coileanaidh a chur an sàs ann an dòighean a bheir cothrom do chloinn a bhith a’ nochdadh na tha a’ dol aca air a dhèanamh. Rather than having the gap exposed between their present attainments and some ideal level of performance, ’s chan ann a’ foillseachadh na beàrna eadar na thèid aca air a dhèanamh an-ceartuair agus ìre choileanaidh air choireigin as àirde tha ri fhaotainn
3 ruigsinn m
4 adhartas m, gen adhartais. In ways appropriate to pupils’ ages and attainment, ann an dòighean a tha a’ freagairt air aoisean agus air adhartas na cloinne
5 sgil m, pl sgilean
attainment mod 1 coileanaidh. Attainment outcomes, builean coileanaidh. Attainment targets, cuimsean coileanaidh or tomhaisean-coileanaidh
2 not directly expressed. Some language attainment targets may be incapable of being fully realised, faodaidh e bhith nach gabh cuid de chuimsean cànain an coileanadh gu h-iomlan
attempt n 1 (a) oidhirp f, pl oidhirpean. Praise will be made of attempts, however limited, bithidh moladh ga dhèanamh air oidhirpean, beag ’s gum bi iad. An attempt was made repeatedly to stop them, thugadh oidhirp uair is uair air stad a chur orra
(b) expressed with oidhirp a nithear. All attempts at using Gaelic in the initial stages are praiseworthy, tha gach aon oidhirp a nithear air a bhith a’ cleachdadh na Gàidhlig aig toiseach cùise ri a moladh
2 ionnsaigh f, pl ionnsaighean. He made three attempts to lift the load on his back, thug e trì ionnsaighean a’ togail an eallaich air fhéin
3 àird f, gen àirde. They’re making no attempt to help themselves, chan eil iad a’ dèanamh àird sam bith airson iad fhèin a chobhair
4 ìobairt f, pl ìobairtean. He was making a good attempt at walking, bha e a’ dèanamh ìobairt mhath air coiseachd
make an attempt v phr also expressed with feuch air, vn feuchainn air. Won’t you make some attempt to do it? nach fheuch thu air a dhèanamh idir?
make a great attempt v phr also expressed with dèan do dhìcheall, vn dèanamh do dhìchill. She made a great attempt to do it, rinn i a dìcheall gu dhèanamh
that was a courageous attempt, cha b’ olc an tairgse sin
attempt v tr 1 (a) oidhirpich, vn oidhirpeachadh m
(b) dèan oidhirp, vn dèanamh oidhirp. They will attempt more complex narratives, nì iad oidhirp air stòiridhean car ioma-fhillte. While most pupils will attempt to achieve the targets, ged a nì a’ mhòrchuid den chloinn oidhirp air na cuimsean a choileanadh
2 thoir ionnsaigh, vn toirt ionnsaigh. He attempted to do it, thug e ionnsaigh air a dhèanamh
3 feuch, vn feuchainn f
attend v tr 1 fritheil, vn frithealadh m. When attending a dramatic performance, nuair a thathar a’ frithealadh dràma
2 fritheil do, vn frithealadh do. That’s the doctor who was attending him, sin an dotair a bha a’ frithealadh dha
3 freasdail, vn freasdal m
attend to v phr 1 fritheil air, vn frithealadh air. Noting and attending to specific problems which may impede the learning process, a’ gabhail cunntais air duilgheadasan sònraichte a dh’fhaodas bacadh a chur air ionnsachadh, agus a’ frithealadh orra
2 (a) thoir aire do, vn toirt aire do. An argument for attending to dental health, argamaid airson aire thoirt do shlàinte fhiaclan
(b) thoir fa-near do, vn toirt fa-near do
attending n frithealadh m, gen frithealaidh. She has a lot of attending to do, tha frithealadh mòr aice
good at attending, regularly attending a phr fritheilteach. The minister said how good at attending and how well-behaved the young people were, thuirt am ministear cho fritheilteach is cho stòilte is a bha an fheadhainn òga
attendance n 1 (a) frithealadh m, gen frithealaidh. Sixty attendances at school this term, seasgad frithealadh san sgoil air an teirm seo
(b) expressed with fritheil, vn frithealadh m. The local GP should be contacted and arrangements made to discuss her/his attendance in an emergency, is còir fios a leigeil air dotair-teaghlaich na sgìre agus rian a chur air dòigh gus beachdachadh air mar a bhitheas i/e a’ frithealadh ann an suidheachadh-èiginn
2 freasdal m, gen freasdail
3 not directly expressed. His attendances at church are fairly frequent, tha e meadhanach tric anns an eaglais
in attendance adv phr 1 an làthair. He was in attendace at the meeting, bha e an làthair aig a’ choinneimh. A lifeguard must be in attendance at all times, feumaidh neach-teasairginn a bhith an làthair daonnan
2 expressed with thig gu, vn tighinn gu. A doctor was in attendance on him every day, bha dotair a’ tighinn thuige a h-uile latha
3 expressed with fritheil, vn frithealadh m. Was anyone in attendance on her? a robh duine idir ga frithealadh?
attendant n neach-frithealaidh m, pl luchd-frithealaidh
attention n 1 aire f. Which will need special attention or development, a chuireas feum air aire no air leasachadh sònraichte. Attention to their individual weightings is necessary, feumar aire thoirt don chudthrom a chuirear orra fa leth. Each of the following issues is given further attention in Part 3, tha an tuilleadh aire air a toirt ann am Pàirt 3 do gach cùis a leanas. They will pay careful attention to punctuation and structure, bidh iad a’ toirt deagh aire do phungadh agus do structar. Set out completed work, giving attention to presentation and layout, a’ cur obair a tha air a crìochnachadh air dòigh le aire air sealladh agus dreach. To develop skills in attention and recall, gus sgilean aire agus cuimhne a thoirt air adhart. Teachers will draw attention to examples of printed information, bidh na tidsearan a’ tarraing aire na cloinne a dh’ionnsaigh eisimpleirean de dh’fhiosrachadh ann an clò. The teacher will draw attention to covers, bidh an tidsear a’ tarraing an aire gu còmhdaichean. The policy statement should be brought to the attention of all staff, bu chòir aithris a’ phoileasaidh a thoirt gu aire luchd-obrach uile
2 expressed with frithealadh m, gen frithealaidh. He needs a lot of attention, tha frithealadh mòr air. People like that need a lot of attention anyway, tha frithealadh mòr an cois feadhainn mar sin co-dhiù
lack of attention n cion àird. The cow died due to lack of attention, bhàsaich a’ bhò mar thoradh air cion àird
call attention to v phr thoir aire (dhaoine) do, vn toirt aire (dhaoine) do
pay attention to v phr 1 thoir feart air, vn toirt feart air. Pay no attention to him, na toir feart air. Pay no attention to what he says, na toir feart air na their e. Perhaps nobody will pay attention to him, dh’fhaodadh nach tèid feart a thoirt air
2 thoir an aire do, vn toirt an aire do. He did not pay much attention to the complaint, cha tug e mòran aire don ghearan
3 (a) gabh beachd air, vn gabhail beachd air
(b) thoir beachd air, vn toirt beachd air. They don’t pay any attention to what they see on the hill, chan eil iad a’ toirt beachd air na chì iad air a’ mhonadh
4 gabh suim de, vn gabhail suime de. She doesn’t pay any attention to those things, chan eil i a’ gabhail suim de na rudan sin
attention span n phr expressed with an ùine a tha … a’ toirt aire. The pupils’ attention span will be developed, thig fàs air an ùine a bhitheas a’ chlann a’ toirt aire
attentive a 1 furachail. You will have to be attentive, feumaidh tu bhith furachail
2 fritheilteach, comp fritheiltiche. He is very attentive to me, tha e glè fhritheilteach orm
3 (a) (i) aireach comp airiche
(ii) aireachail
(b) (i) expressed with aire f. You must be attentive to what she says, feumaidh tu an aire a thoirt air na bhitheas i ag ràdh
(ii) expressed with làn aire n phr. Teachers must be attentive to pupils abilities, feumaidh làn aire bhith aig tidsearan air comasan cloinne
4 cùiseil. He’s so attentive to the cat, tha e cho cùiseil mu dheidhinn a’ chait
attentively adv 1 gu furachail. This includes listening attentively, tha seo a’ gabhail a-staigh a bhith ag èisteachd gu furachail
2 gu fritheilteach
attenuate v tr 1 tanaich, vn tanachadh m
2 caolaich, vn caolachadh m ; also caoilich, vn caoileachadh m
3 lùghdaich, vn lùghdachadh m
attest v tr 1 thoir fianais, vn toirt fianais
2 dearbh, vn dearbhadh m
attestation n 1 dearbhadh m, gen dearbhaidh
2 fianais f
attire n 1 aodach m, gen aodaich
2 trusgan m, gen trusgain
attitude n 1 beachd m, pl beachdan. Offer a personal response to the feelings or attitudes of those involved in the text, a’ freagairt gu pearsanta fa chomhair faireachdainnean is beachdan nan daoine a tha a’ gabhail pàirt anns an teacsa. Offer a personal response to some of the more complex feelings or attitudes of those involved in the text, a’ freagairt gu pearsanta fa chomhair nam faireachdainnean agus nam beachdan ioma-fhillteach acasan a tha a’ gabhail pàirt anns an teacsa. The development of a range of positive attitudes and opportunities for personal development, fàs ga thoirt air caochladh bheachdan neartmhor agus air cothroman fàis phearsanta
2 barail f, pl barailean. To the feelings or attitudes of those involved in the text, ris na faireachdainnean agus ris na barailean acasan a tha a’ gabhail pàirt anns an teacsa
3 (a) sealladh m, gen seallaidh, pl seallaidhean. Tone, used in relation to the attitude of a speaker, will be used when pupils discuss spoken communications, bithear a’ cleachdadh dòigh-labhairt, an co-cheangal ri sealladh neach-labhairt, an uair a bhios clann a’ beachdachadh air conaltradh-beòil. Discussions will take account of the views and attitudes of those involved in the texts, bidh beachdachadh a’ coimhead ri barail agus sealladh na feadhnach a tha a’ gabhail pàirt anns na teacsaichean. Pupils will identify specific information and attitudes, bidh a’ chlann ag èisteachd gus fiosrachadh agus seallaidhean sònraichte a chomharrachadh
(b) expressed with sealladh m air an t-saoghal, gen seallaidh air an t-saoghal. Pupils might consider the feelings and attitudes of characters, dh’fhaodadh a’ chlann beachd a ghabhail air faireachdainnean nam pearsachan agus an sealladh air an t-saoghal
(c) expressed with sealladh m air cùisean, gen seallaidh air cùisean. Their own emotions and attitudes, am faireachdainnean fhèin agus an sealladh fhèin air cùisean
4 rùn m, gen rùin, pl rùintean. Comment briefly on the opinions and attitudes of the writer, a’ beachdachadh ann an aithghearrachd air beachdan agus rùintean an sgrìobhaiche
5 seasamh m, gen seasaimh
6 faireachadh m, gen faireachaidh, pl faireachaidhean
7 spiorad m, gen spioraid. A positive attitude to multi-language use, spiorad neartmhor a thaobh ioma-chànanais
attract v tr 1 tarraing, vn tarraing f. How can we attract people? ciamar as urrainn dhuinn daoine a tharraing? He attracts many customers, tha e a’ tarraing mòran don bhùth. The magnet attracts, tha an magnait a’ tarrainn
2 tàlaidh, vn tàladh m. How can we attract people? ciamar as urrainn dhuinn daoine a thàladh?
attraction n 1 (a) tarraing f. Magnetic attraction, tarraing mhagnaiteach. There was an (electrostatic) attraction in my jacket, bha tarraing anns an t-seacaid agam
(b) tarraingeachd f. To explore the underlying reasons for all viewpoints, including the dominance and attractions of anglophone culture, rannsachadh a dhèanamh air na tha a’ gluasad a h-uile beachd a tha ann, agus sin a’ gabhail a-staigh uachdranachd agus tarraingeachd dualchas luchd na Beurla
2 (a) adhbhar m tàlaidh, gen adhbhair tàlaidh
attractive a 1 tarraingeach, comp tarraingiche. She’s very attractive, tha i glè tharraingeach. Attractive displays of posters, taisbeanaidhean tarraingeach de shanasairean. For some children they seem more ‘modern’ and therefore more attractive than the lives they themselves lead, tha iad ann an sealladh cuid de chloinn nas ‘ùr-fhasanta’ agus mar sin nas tarraingiche na an caitheamh-beatha aca fhèin
2 tàlaidheach, comp tàlaidhiche
3 tlachdmhor, comp tlachdmhoire. It is essential that libraries are attractive places, feumaidh leabharlannan a bhith nan àiteachan tlachdmhor
4 sealltanach, comp sealltanaiche. Pupils with difficulties in handwriting will produce attractive writing, bidh clann le duilgheadasan ann an làmh-sgrìobhadh a’ toirt sgrìobhaidh shealltanaich gu buil. In providing formats for attractive presentation, ann a bhith a’ toirt cothroim air dòighean-foillseachaidh sealltanach
5 inntinneach, comp inntinniche. It’s not so attractive for them to come during this bad weather, chan eil e cho inntinneach dhaibh a thighinn leis an droch thìde seo
attractively adv 1 (a) gu tlachdmhor
(b) expressed with tlachdmhor a. Attractively produced reading materials, stuth leughaidh tlachdmhor
2 (a) gu tarraingeach
(b) expressed with le dreach tarraingeach. Set out completed work clearly and attractively, a’ cur obair a tha air a crìochnachadh air dòigh gu soilleir agus le dreach tarraingeach
attribute v tr
attribute to v pr 1 cuir às leth, vn cur às leth
2 cuir air, vn cur air. He was the boy’s father, or the boy was attributed to him anyway, ’s e b’ athair don bhalach, no ’s ann air a chaidh a chur co-dhiù
It can only be attributed to coincidence, chan urrainnear a ràdh ach gur e turchairt a tha ann
attributive a buaidh-aithriseach. Attributive adjective, buadhair buaidh-aithriseach
attrition n 1 caitheamh m, gen caitheimh
2 (geography) bleith-chreige f, gen bleithe-creige
attune v tr
attune to v phr 1 cuir an co-rèir ri, vn cur an co-rèir ri
2 cuir an co-chòrdadh ri, vn cur an co-chòrdadh ri. I’ll have to attune myselt to it, feumaidh mi mi fhìn a chur an co-chòrdadh ris
attuned to prep phr expressed with 1 (a) bi an co-rèir ri. I’m attuned to the work now, tha mi an co-rèir ris an obair a-nis
(b) thig a-rèir, vn tighinn a-rèir (plus gen). They are attuned to each other now, tha iad a’ tighinn a-rèir a chèile a-nis
2 bi a’ freagairt ri. They are attuned to each other, tha iad a’ freagairt ri chèile
auburn a 1 buidhe-ruadh. Auburn hair, falt buidhe-ruadh
2 buidhe-dhonn
auction n 1 reic-tairgse f
2 (informal) roi’p. They were bought at an auction, chaidh an ceannachd aig roi’p
audacity n 1 dànadas m, gen dànadais. They showed great audacity, nochd iad dànadas mòr
2 expressed with a bhathais. Do not have the audacity to come here, na biodh a bhathais ort a thighinn a seo
audible a 1 ri chluinntinn
2 expressed with cluinn v. He was scarcely audible, ’s ann air èiginn a chluinneadh neach e
audibly adv expressed with gus gun cluinnear or gus an cluinnear. Talking clearly and audibly, a’ labhairt gu soilleir gus gun cluinnear iad
audience n 1 luchd-amais m. Audience is an important concept, ’s e bun-bheachd cudthromach a tha ann an luchd-amais. Target audience, luchd-amais sònraichte. A sense of purpose and audience gives greater control, tha mothachadh air adhbhar ’s air luchd-amais a’ toirt barrachd smachd. They will talk appropriately, showing an awareness of audience and purpose, bidh iad a’ bruidhinn gu h-iomchaidh, a’ nochdadh mothachaidh air luchd-amais agus air adhbhar. When pupils are themselves the audience for a performance or programme, an uair a tha a’ chlann fhèin nan luchd-amais air iomairt no air prògram. The use of it will be extended to the audiences for which pupils are speaking or writing, as a dhèidh sin faodar a leudachadh a-mach gus an luchd-amais do bheil a’ chlann a’ labhairt no a’ sgrìobhadh. Language appropriate to different audiences, cànain a tha a’ freagairt air luchd-amais eadar-dhealaichte
2 luchd-èisteachd m. To different audiences, ri caochladh luchd-èisteachd
in the audience prep phr 1 am measg an luchd-èisteachd
2 expressed with anns an èisteachd
target audience n phr luchd-amais m sònraichte, gen luchd-amais shònraichte. Target audience develops from the broad idea of audience, tha luchd-amais sònraichte a’ fàs a-mach às a’ bheachd choitcheann a tha ann air luchd-amais. They should be introduced to the idea of target audience, tha còir an cur an aithne bun-bheachd ‘luchd-amais sònraichte’
audio a 1 expressed with èisteachd. Audio tape, teip-èisteachd. Along with audio and video recordings, a thuilleadh air teipichean-èisteachd agus bhideo. Others will be audio or video recordings, is e clàir èisteachd no clàir bhideo a bhitheas ann an cuid eile
2 expressed with teip-èisteachd. Audio materials, stuthan teip-èisteachd
3 expressed with cluaise. They will learn to use audio or video recorders, bidh iad ag ionnsachadh mar a chleachdas iad innealan-clàraidh cluaise agus bhideo
4 clàistinn
audiotape n tèip-èisteachd f, pl teipichean-èisteachd. Making an audiotape or a video, a bhith a’ dèanamh teip-èisteachd no bhideo
audio-typist n clò-sgrìobhaiche m clàistinn, gen clò-sgrìobhaiche chlàistinn, pl clò-sgrìobhaichean clàistinn
audio-visual a phr 1 lèir-chlaistinneach. In order to make inferences from other audio-visual sources of information, gus foidheaman a thoirt à stuthan lèir-chlaistinneach eile anns a bheil fiosrachadh. Pupils will use audio-visual formats of presentation, bidh a’ chlann a’ cleachdadh modhan-taisbeanaidh lèir-chlaistinneach
2 expressed with cluais agus sùla. Audio-visual equipment, innealan clàraidh cluais agus sùla
audit n 1 sgrùdadh m, gen sgrùdaidh, pl sgrùdaidhean
2 tomhas m, gen tomhais, pl tomhasan. A careful audit, tomhas faiceallach
audit v tr sgrùd, vn sgrùdadh m
auditor n 1 neach-sgrùdaidh m, pl luchd-sgrùdaidh
2 sgrùdaire m, pl sgrùdairean
auditory a 1 claistinneach
2 cluaise. A programme which will involve developing auditory discrimination, prògram a tha a’ gabhail a-steach fàs ann an comas cluaise
auger (for boring holes in stone) n tora m, pl torachan. Auger and boring-hammer, tora is òrd-bòraigidh
augite n (mineralogy) àigit f
augment v tr 1 cuir ri, vn cur ri. Use of volunteers will help to augment the teacher’s input, bidh luchd-cuideachaidh saor-thoileach a’ cuideachadh le bhith a’ cur ris na tha an tidsear a’ dèanamh. Learning a language will augment confidence and self-esteem, cuiridh a bhith a’ togail cànain ri misneach agus ri fèin-spèis
2 leasaich, vn leasachadh m
3 meudaich, vn meudachadh m
augmented a leasaichte. Augmented conjunction, naisgear leasaichte
augmentative a (grammar) facal-leasachail
augury n 1 tuar m, gen tuair
2 fàisneachd f
August pr n an Lùnasdal m, gen an Lùnasdail (standard term)
auk n (ornithology) (family Alcidae) falcag f, gen falcaig, pl falcagan
auk, great n (Pinguinis impennis) 1 falcag f mhòr, gen falcaig mòire, pl falcagan mòra
2 gearra-ball m, pl gearra-ball, gearraidhean-ball
auk, little n (Alle alle) 1 falcag f bheag, gen falcaig bige, pl falcagan beaga
aunt n antaidh f, pl antaidhean. She’s an aunt of Donald’s wife, antaidh do bhean Dhòmhnaill a th’ innte
(maternal) aunt n phr piuthar f màthar, or piuthar f do mhàthair, pl peathraichean màthar
(paternal) aunt n phr piuthar f athar, or piuthar f do dhthair, pl peathraichean athar. Mary was a (paternal) aunt of Donald’s, ’s e piuthar do dh’athair Dhòmhnaill a bh’ ann am Màiri
aurichalcite n (mineralogy) àiriochailsit f
aurora borealis n na fir chlis
auspices n pl
under the auspices of prep phr fo sgèith plus gen
auspicious a 1 fàbharach, comp fàbharaiche
2 rathail, comp rathaile
austere a 1 geur, comp geòire
2 teann, comp teinne
3 smachdail, comp smachdaile
4 cruaidh, comp cruaidhe
austerity n teanntachd f
Australasia pr n Astralàsia f
Australasian a Astralàsianach
Australia pr n Astràilia f
Australian pr n Astràilianach m, gen & pl Astràilianaich
Australian a Astràilianach. Australian languages, cànain Astràilianach
Austria pr n an Ostair f, gen na h-Ostair
Austrian pr n Ostaireach m, gen & pl Ostairich
Austrian a Ostaireach
authentic a 1 fìor, comp fìora, fìre
2 dearbhte
3 cinnteach, comp cinntiche
authenticity n 1 fìrinn f
2 dearbhachd f
3 cinnteachd f
author n ùghdar m, gen ùghdair, pl ùghdaran. Who is the author of news stories? cò as ùghdar do naidheachdan?. Some aspects of author’s point of view and purpose, cuid de nithean a bhuineas do shealladh agus do dh’adhbhar an ùghdair
authorise v tr 1 (a) ùghdarraich, vn ùghdarrachadh m
(b) thoir ùghdarras do, vn toirt ùghdarrais do. Who authorised you to do that? cò thug ùghdarras dhut sin a dhèanamh?
2 ceadaich do, vn ceadachadh do. Do not authorise him to leave, na ceadaich dha falbh
authorised a ùghdarraichte. New Gaelic words authorised by the interdepartmental groups for Gaelic education, faclan ùra Gàidhlig ùghdarraichte leis na buidhnean eadar-roinneil airson foghlaim Ghàidhlig
authoritative a ùghdarrasail
authority n 1 ùghdarras m, gen ùghdarrais, pl ùghdarrasan. Full authority, làn ùghdarras. Education authorities, ùghdarrasan foghlaim
2 smachd m. I got authority over them, fhuair mi smachd orra
3 ceannsal m, gen ceannsail. The whole village was under his authority, bha am baile air fad fo cheannsal aige
person in authority n phr 1 neach m aig a bheil ùghdarras, pl daoine aig a bheil ùghdarras
2 expressed with àrd-inbheach m, gen & pl àrd-inbhich. She’s one of the persons in authority, ’s e tè dhe na h-àrd-inbhich a th’ innte
authoritarian a ceannsalach, comp ceannsalaiche. He was rather authoritarian, ’s e duine gu math ceannsalach a bha ann
authorship n dreuchd f ùghdair. The concept of authorship can be considered, faodar beachdachadh air dreuchd ùghdair
autobiography n fèin-eachdraidh f, pl fèin-eachdraidhean
auto-ignition n fèin-lasadh n, gen fèin-lasaidh. Auto-ignition temperature, teothachd fèin-lasaidh
automatic a 1 fèin-ghluasadach, comp fèin-ghluasadaiche
2 atamadaig
automatically adv 1 (a) gu fèin-ghluasadach
(b) gu h-atamadaig
2 (a) expressed with gun smaoineachadh. He stood up automatically, dh’èirich e na sheasamh gun smaoineachadh
(b) expressed with gun fhios dhut fhèin. I did it kind of automatically, rinn mi e gun fhios dhomh fhìn rathad-eigin
automation n fèin-ghluasad f, gen fèin-ghluasaid
automaton n 1 (device) fèin-ghluaiseadair m, pl fèin-ghluaiseadairean
2 (of person) expressed with air cuibhleachan. He is just going about like an automaton just now, chan eil e ach (mar gum biodh e) a’ falbh air cuibhleachan an-dràsta
autonomy n ùghdarras m, gen ùghdarrais. Pupils will have a greater autonomy in the choice of topic to be explored, bidh barrachd ùghdarrais aig a’ chloinn ann a bhith a’ taghadh cuspair gus a rannsachadh
autosome n autosom m, pl autosoman
autumn n foghar m, gen foghair, pl fogharan, fogharaichean. The beginning of autumn, toiseach an fhoghair. It’s autumn, ’s e am foghar a th’ ann. There used to be good autumns in those days, ’s ann a sin a bha na fogharaichean matha. An autumn new moon (coming) on a Saturday, king of seven new moons, solas Sathairne foghair, na rìgh air seachd solais (saying)
autunite n (mineralogy) àtainit f
auxiliary n 1 neach-cuideachaidh m, pl luchd-cuideachaidh
2 neach m a tha air fhastadh, pl feadhainn a tha air am fastadh. Use of volunteers and auxiliaries will help to augment the teacher’s input, bidh luchd-cuideachaidh saor-thoileach agus feadhainn a tha air am fastadh a’ cuideachadh le bhith a’ cur ris na tha an tidsear a’ dèanamh
auxiliary a taiceil. Auxiliary verb, gnìomhair taiceil
avail n
of little avail a phr 1 gun fheum
2 gu beag fheum, or air bheag feum
avail v tr & i dèan feum, vn dèanamh feum
available a 1 (a) ri faotainn or ri faighinn. It’s available to all the children, tha e ri fhaighinn don chloinn uile. They are available locally and nationally, tha iad ri am faotainn gu h-ionadail agus gu nàiseanta. Appropriate word processing software is available for all stages, tha bog-bhathar freagarrach airson dealbh-sgrìobhaidh ri fhaotainn airson gach aois is ìre
(b) a tha ri faotainn or na tha ri fhaotainn. They suggest only a few of the available options, chan eil iad a’ togail ach àireamh bheag de na roghainnean a tha ri am faotainn. Available across all curricular areas and modes, a tha ri fhaotainn feadh gach raoin agus gach modh den chlàr-theagaisg. Currently available resources for delivery of some areas of the curriculum are generally acknowledged to be below a desirable level, thathar gu coitcheann ag aideachadh nach eil na tha ri fhaotainn an-ceartuair de ghoireasan airson cuid de raointean a’ chlàir-theagaisg a thoirt gu buil cho math ’s bu mhiann leinn
(c) a gheibhear. By the additional support available in most schools, leis an taice a bharrachd a gheibhear anns a’ chuid as motha de sgoiltean
2 expressed with tairg v, vn tairgse f. Alternative ways of attaining targets should be available to them, tha còir dòighean eadar-dhealaichte a thairgse dhaibh gus na cuimsean a choileanadh
3 expressed with cothrom m air. A wide selection of texts should be available, tha còir cothrom a bhith ann air mòran sheòrsachan de theacsaichean. Non-fiction should be readily available, tha còir làn chothrom a bhith ann air leabhraichean a thuilleadh air ficsean
4 expressed with ri làimh. A variety of texts should be available, tha còir aig caochladh sheòrsachan theacsaichean a bhith ri làimh. A fully equipped first aid box should be readily available at all times, is còir gum bi bocas ciad-fhuasglaidh làn uidheamaichte deiseil ri làimh daonnan
5 expressed with thoir v, vn toirt f. Access to more advanced programmes of study should be available for pupils who are beyond Level E, tha còir cothrom a thoirt do chlann a tha seachad air Ìre E air prògraman obrach nas adhartaiche
6 expressed with gabh v plus làmh a thoirt air. By demanding skills which are not yet immediately available, le bhith a’ sùileachadh sgilean nach gabh làmh a thoirt orra sa mhionaid
available for prep phr mu choinneimh (plus gen). There are seats available for everyone, tha suidheachain ann mu choinneimh a h-uile duine
available to prep phr expressed with bi plus cothrom aig air (plus dat). The means of assessment listed below illustrate possible approaches available to the teacher, tha na modhan measaidh a tha air an cur sìos gu h-ìosal mar eisimpleir air cuid de dhòighean air a bheil cothrom aig an tidsear
become available v phr expressed with thig, vn tighinn m. Until appropriate resources become available, gus an tig goireasan freagarrach
make available to v phr expressed with cuir an tairgse, vn cur an tairgse. Methods for making texts available to the widest range of pupils, dòighean air teacsaichean a chur an tairgse chloinne de gach uile seòrsa comais
avalanche n maoim-shneachda f, pl maoimean-sneachda
avanturine n, see aventurine n
avarice n 1 sannt m
2 glut m (an airgid). It’s avarice that’s wrong with him, ’s e glut an airgid a tha cur ris
avaricious a 1 sanntach, comp sanntaiche
2 glutach, comp glutaiche. She was so avaricious, bha i cho glutach
avenge v tr dìol, vn dìoladh m
avens, mountain n (Dryas octopetala) machall-monaidh m, gen machaill-mhonaidh
avens, water n (Geum rivale) machall-uisge m, gen machaill-uisge
avens, wood n, see herb Bennet n
aventurine n (mineralogy) abhantarain m
avenue n 1 craobh-shlighe f, pl craobh-shlighean
2 lonach m, gen lonaich, pl lonaichean. Pine Avenue, Lonach a’ Ghiuthais
explore every avenue v phr expressed with lorg gach cùil, vn lorgadh gach cùil. We shall explore every avenue, bidh sinn a’ lorg gach cùil. We shall leave no avenue unexplored, chan fhàg sinn cùil gun a lorg
average n 1 cuibheas m, gen cuibheis, pl cuibheasan. Investigating averages, a’ rannsachadh chuibheasan
2 thar-cheann m, gen & pl thar-chinn
3 meadhan m, gen meadhain, pl meadhanan
above the average adv phr thar a’ choitcheannais
on average adv phr 1 sa choitcheannas
2 an cumantas
average a 1 cuibheasach. Average temperature, teothachd chuibheasach. Average mean temperature, teothachd mheadhain chuibheasach. Average range of temperature, raon teothachd cuibheasach
2 cumanta
3 gnàthach
averin n, see cloudberry n
aversion n 1 gràin f, gen gràine. She has an aversion to dogs, tha gràin aice air na coin. He has an awful aversion to them, tha gràin bàis aige orra
2 fuath m
avert v tr 1 tionndaidh an dara taobh, vn tionndadh an dàra taobh. She averted her gaze, thionndaidh i a sùil an dara taobh
2 cùm bhuat, vn cumail bhuat. She averted the blow, chùm i a’ bhuill bhuaipe
avid a 1 dèidheil, or fìor dhèidheil. He’s an avid reader, tha e fìor dhèidheoil air leughadh
2 (selfishly) gionach. They’re avid to get something for themselves, tha iad gionach airson rud fhaighinn daibh fhèin
avocet n (Recurvirostra avosetta) ceàrra-ghob m, gen ceàrra-ghuib
avoid v tr 1 seachainn, vn seachnadh m. He was trying to avoid the other car, bha e a’ feuchainn ris an càr eile a sheachnadh. Materials will be chosen to help children to respect other people by avoiding stereotypes, thèid stuthan a thaghadh gus cuideachadh le cloinn gu bhith a’ toirt urraim do dhaoine eile tro bhith a’ seachnadh lèir-sheiseachaidhean
2 expressed with eagal ’s gu. It will be essential that the pupil or pupils work with other classmates to avoid isolation, bidh e do-sheachnaichte gum bi am pàiste no na pàistean ag obair còmhla ri càch anns a’ chlas, eagal ’s gum bi iad ann an uaigneas
3 expressed with neg plus bi plus ann. If necessary preventative physical action may be taken to avoid the risk of injury to a child, ma bhitheas e riatanach faodar gnìomh corporra bacaidh a dhèanamh gus nach bi cunnart ann gun tèid neach-cloinne a dhochann
await v tr fuirich ri, vn fuireach ri. He is awaiting the result, tha e a’ fuireach ris an toradh
awake a na dhùisg. Are you awake? a bheil thu nad dhùisg? Granny’s awake, tha Granaidh na dùisg. I was awake for a long time last night, bha mi fada nam dhùisg a-raoir
awake v tr & i 1 dùisg, vn dùsgadh m
2 mosgail, vn mosgladh m
award n 1 duais f, gen duaise, pl duaisean
2 (legal) binn f, gen binne
award v tr thoir duais, vn toirt duaise
aware a 1 (a) mothachail (of, air). The teacher will encourage pupils to be aware of their listeners, bidh an tidsear a’ misneachadh na cloinne gu bhith mothachail air an luchd-èisteachd. Pupils are expected to be aware of the situation of the discussion, thathar a’ sùileachadh gum bi a’ chlann mothachail air suidheachadh a’ bheachdachaidh
(b) expressed with bi plus mothachadh aig. There will be a corresponding need for listeners to be more aware of purposes, an co-cheangal ri seo feumaidh luchd-èisteachd barrachd mothachaidh a bhith aca air adhbhair. They will be aware of their own role, bidh mothachadh aca air an àite fhèin
2 fiosrach, comp fiosraiche. Are you aware of that? a bheil thu fiosrach air a sin? I’m not aware of anything else, chan fhiosrach mi air dad eile. Did she have any brothers? — I’m not aware that she did, a robh bràithrean aice? — chan fhiosrach mi gu robh
3 expressed with thoir fa-near, vn toirt fa-near. They’d need to be aware of that, dh’fheumadh iad sin a thoirt fa-near
become aware of v phr 1 fairich, vn faireachdainn m. I became aware of this humming beneath me, dh’fhairich mi an torghan a bha seo fodham
2 faigh mothachadh air, vn faighinn mothachaidh air. The pupils can become aware of good role models, faodaidh a’ chlann mothachadh fhaighinn air deagh eisimpleirean gus an leantainn
make aware v phr 1 thoir mothachadh do, vn toirt mothachaidh do (of, air). Make pupils aware of the importance of Gaelic, a’ toirt mothachaidh do chloinn air cho cudthromach ’s a tha a’ Ghàidhlig
2 dèan mothachail, vn dèanamh mothachail (of, air). It is important that children are made aware of the following ground rules, tha e cudthromach gum bi a’ chlann air an dèanamh mothachail air na riaghailtean bunaiteach a leanas
awareness n 1 mothachadh m, gen mothachaidh. In so doing they will achieve an awareness of genre and knowledge about language, ann a bhith a’ dèanamh seo thig iad gu mothachadh air gnè cànain agus gu eòlas air cànain. They will talk appropriately, showing an awareness of audience and purpose, bidh iad a’ bruidhinn gu h-iomchaidh, a’ nochdadh mothachaidh air luchd-amais agus air adhbhar. So as to show awareness of others’ opinions, suggestions and/or feelings, gus mothachadh a nochdadh air beachdan agus/no air faireachdainnean chàich. Audience awareness, mothachadh air luchd-amais. Increasing awareness of audience will be encouraged, misnichear am barrachd ’s am barrachd mothachaidh air luchd-amais
2 expressed with mothachail a, comp mothachaile. Children should be encouraged to develop a growing awareness of the language, bu chòir clann a mhisneachadh gus a bhith nas mothachaile agus nas mothachaile air a’ chànain. They will be shown the need for awareness of others, bithear a’ sealltainn dhaibh cho riatanach ’s a tha e a bhith mothachail air feadhainn eile
away adv 1 air falbh. He went away, chaidh e air falbh. Your relations away are well? tha na bhuineas dhut air falbh gu math? They used to grow it to keep the fairies away, bha iad ga fhàs airson cumail na sìthichean air falbh
2 às. A short distance away, astar goirid às. We didn’t take so much as a tea-spoon away, cha tug sinn uibhir ri spàin-teatha às
away from prep phr air falbh o (plus dat). Toxic substances must be stored within appropriate locked cupboards away from the children, feumar stuthan tocsaineach a stòradh am broinn phreasan glaiste freagarrach air falbh on chloinn
away (with you)! adv phr 1 (go away) (a) teich! ; teich bhuam ; teich à mo rathad
2 (I don’t believe you) bi sàmhach! Away with you! Was it that cold? bi sàmhach! a robh e cho fuar sin?
far away adv phr fad às. They can’t be far away, chan urrainn gu bheil iad fad às
awful a 1 (a) cianail. Stop that awful noise, sguir dhen fhuaim chianail a tha sin. The weather was so awful, bha an tìde cho cianail. I’m awfully reluctant to go out, tha mi cianail leisg air a dhol a-mach. He was awfully down on them, bha e cianail a-bhàn orra. They are so awful for it, cho cianail is a tha iad thuice
(b) expressed with cianaileas m. That place is awful these days, tha an t-àite ud na chianaileas an diugh
2 uabhasach, comp uabhasaiche
3 eagalach, comp eagalaiche
4 (of a person’s appearance) expressed with tuar m. He looks just awful, dè an tuar a th’ air
awfully adv 1 cianail. It’s awfully cold, tha i cianail fuar
2 uamhlaidh. Shingles is awfully infectious, tha an teine-dè uamhlaidh gabhaltach. They used to say that they liked her awfully, bha iad ag ràdh gur uamhlaidh caomh leotha i
awhile adv 1 greiseag
2 tacan
awkward a 1 croiseil, comp croiseile. These things are awkward to lift, tha na rudan seo croiseil an togail. It’s awkward (of a broken wrist), tha i croiseil
2 mì-ghoireasach. It’s an awkward place to work in, ’s e àite mì-ghoireasach a th’ ann airson obair ann
3 cearbach, vn cearbaiche
4 toisg. Children say awkward things sometimes, tha clann ag ràdh rudan toisg uaireannan
awkwardly adv 1 gu mì-ghoireasach
2 gu croiseil
3 cearbach. She can only get about awkwardly, chan eil ach cearbach a’ cuairteachadh
awl n minidh m, pl minidhean. If there had been nobody here but me and my bloodhound my awl wouldn’t be lost, mar a robh a seo ach mi fhéin ’s mo chù-dubh, cha bhiodh mo mhinidh air chall (proverb, said when one wishes to blame someone else for something going astray)
awlwort n (Subularia aquatica) 1 lus-a’-mhinidh m
2 ruideag f, gen ruideig
awry adv & pred a 1 claon
2 cam
3 air fiaradh
axinite n (mineralogy) acsainit f
axe n 1 tuagh f, gen tuaigh, pl tuaghan
2 làmhthuagh f, gen làmhthuaigh, pl làmhthuaighnean and làmhthuaghan. He’s got a really big axe, abair gu bheil làmhthaugh mhòr aige. He’s chopping wood with the axe, tha e a’ gearradh fiodh leis an làmhthaugh. The mark of the axe, marc na làmhthuaigh
axiom n 1 aicsiom m, pl aicsioman
2 fìrinn f shoilleir, gen fìrinn soilleir
axiomatic a aicsiomach
axis n 1 aiseal f, gen aiseil, pl aisealan. The major (minor) axis of the ellipse, mòr-aiseal (mion-aiseal) an eileaps
2 axis f
axle n aiseal f, gen aiseil, pl aislean, aisealan
axolotl n (Siredon mexicanum) acsalatal m, gen acsalatail
aye adv 1 aidh
2 seadh
aye adv gu bràth
aye int aidh
aye aye int aidh aidh
azalea, wild or trailing n (Loiseleuria procumbens) lusan m Albannach, gen lusain Albannaich
azure-spar n (mineralogy), see lazulite n
azurite n (mineralogy) (not azure-spar which is lazulite) asuirit f
B
B, b (the letter) B, b f (pronounced in Gaelic when reciting the alphabet [bè]). The letter “b”, an litir “b”. Capital “B”, ceannlitir “B”. Small “b”, “b” bheag. Lower case “b”, “b” chèise bige
babble n 1 (a) glagadaich f
(b) glagaireachd f
2 glagais f
babble I v i 1 (of speech) (a) bi a’ glagadaich ; dèan glagadaich, vn dèanamh glagadaich
(b) bi a’ glagaireachd ; dèan glagaireachd, vn dèanamh glagaireachd
2 (of speech or a stream) (a) bi a’ plubadaich ; dèan plubadaich, vn dèanamh plubadaich
(b) bi a’ plubraich ; dèan plubraich, vn dèanamh plubraich
II babble v tr 1 (in attributing speech) abair sa ghlagadaich, vn ràdh sa ghlagadaich. “…,”he babbled, “…,” thubhairt e sa ghlagadaich
2 expressed with glagadaich f. He babbled some excuse, thug e glagadaich de lethsgeul air chòireigin
babbling n 1 glagadaich f
2 plubadaich f
babbling a 1 glagach
2 plubrach. A babbling brook, allt plubrach
babe n
babe in arms n phr 1 naoidhean m, gen naoidhein, pl naoidheanan
2 naoidhean m cìche, gen naoidhein chìche, pl naoidheanan cìche. I was just a babe in arms at the time, cha robh annam ach an naoidhean cìche aig an àm
baby n 1 leanabh m, gen leanaibh, pl leanaibh, leanabhnan. She’s only a baby, dè th’ innte ach an leanabh? She has a little baby with her, tha leanabh beag aice còmhla rithe. It was she who took the vows for the baby, ’s ise ghabh na bòidean airson an leanaibh. They take the babies there, tha iad a’ toirt nan leanaibh ann a sin. I was holding the baby myself, bha mi a’ cumail an leanaibh mi fhìn
2 (very young, new born) naoidhean m, gen naoidhein, pl naoidheanan. Four babies, ceathrar naoidhean
3 bèibidh m, pl bèibidhean
bachelor n 1 seana-ghille m, pl seana-ghillean. He had a house and crofts, but he remained a bachelor all his life, bha taigh is lotaichean aige, ach dh’fhuirich e na sheana-ghille fad a bheatha
2 fleasgach m, gen & pl fleasgaich
3 baidsealair m, pl baidsealairean
back n 1 druim m, gen droma, pl dromannan. My back, mo dhruim. I’ve a pain in my back, tha pian nam dhruim. He’s lying on his back, tha e na laighe air a dhruim. His back is to the wall now, tha a dhruimm ris a’ bhalla a-nis. Putting out the midden in a creel on his back, a’ cur a-mach an òtraich ann an cliabh air a dhruim
2 cùl m, gen cùil, pl cùiltean. We were in the front and they were in the back, bha sinne anns a’ bheul is bha iadsan anns a’ chùl. The back of the house, cùl an taighe. My leg is sore down the back of the calf, tha mo chas goirt a-bhàn cùl a’ chalpa. They nest in a bush at the back of the house, bidh iad a’ neadachadh ann am preas aig cùl an taighe. The road would have had to be out the back, dh’fheumadh an rathad a bhith a-mach an cùl. The deer went round the back last night, chaidh am fiadh timcheall an cùl a-raoir
3 cùlaibh m. Where is the back of the skirt? càite bheil an cùlaibh aig an sgiort? Which is its back? càite bheil an cùlaibh aige? His back was to the door, bha a chùlaibh ris an doras
4 deireadh m, gen deiridh. The back of the car, deireadh a’ chàr. We were in the front and they were in the back, bha sinne anns an toiseach is bha iadsan anns an deireadh
at the back of prep phr air cùlaibh (plus gen). At the back of the house, air cùlaibh an taighe
back formation n phr cùl-riochdachadh m, gen cùl-riochdachaidh, pl cùl-riochdachaidhean. This pronunciation occurs, by a kind of back formation, even in loan-words like “fùirneis”, gheibhear am fuaimneachadh seo, tro sheòrsa de chùl-riochdachadh, fiù ’s ann am faclan-iasaid mar tha “fùirneis”. We have here an unusual singular form created by back formation from the plural, ’s e a tha againn an seo riochd singilte neo-àbhaisteach a thàinig tro chùl-riochdachadh bhon iomarra
behind your back prep phr air cùl do chinn. They did it behind your back, rinn iad e air cùl do chinn
(flat) on your back a phr expressed with air do dhruime-dìreach. I fell flat on my back, thuit mi air mo dhruime-dìreach. I’m lying flat on my back, tha mi nam laighe air mo dhruime-dìreach. He found a heifer of Ann’s on her back, fhuair e ainmhide le Anna air a druime-dìreach
put your back out v phr expressed with leum v, vn leum plus do dhruim ort. I’ve put my back out, leum mo dhruim orm. I think that was the way the nurse put her back out, cha chreid mi nach ann mar sin a leum a druim air an nurs
put your back up v phr expressed with tog v, vn togail plus do nàdar. It really put my back up, thog e mo nàdar dha rìreabh
2 expressed with cuir conas ort, vn cur conais ort. It put his back up, chuir e conas air
small of the back n phr caoldruim m. I’ve a pain in the small of my back, tha pian anns a’ chaoldruim agam
back a 1 cùil. Back teeth, fiaclan cùil. Back door, doras cùil. The back road, an rathad cùil
2 deiridh. The back seat of the car, suidheachan deiridh a’ chàir. Back legs, casan deiridh
3 cùlaibh. Back vowel, fuaimreag chùlaibh
back adv 1 air ais. Keep back, fan air ais. The cows went back, thill an crodh air an ais. You came back, thàinig thu air t’ ais. We came back, thànaig sinn air ais or thàinig sinn air ar n-ais. A sheep path will be seen leading back to the gate, chithear ceum chaorach a bhitheas gad thoirt air ais chon a’ gheata
2 (a) an coinneimh do chùil
(b) a thaobh do chùil
3 a-rithist. This involves climbing back up the ridge of the hill, tha seo a’ ciallachadh a bhith a’ dìreadh an àirde ris an druim a-rithist
back and fore, back and forth adv phr air ais is air adhart. I was going back and fore, bha mi a’ dol air ais is air adhart
back and front adv phr cùlaibh is beulaibh. I cleaned it back and front, ghlan mi e cùlaibh is beulaibh
back the way adv phr a-null. Give it a prod back the way, thoir bruideag a-null dha
back to front adv phr cùlaibh air a’ bheulaibh. You’ve got it on back to front, tha e cùlaibh air a’ bheulaibh ort
turn back v phr, see sv turn v
back I v tr 1 seas, vn seasamh
2 thoir taic do, vn toirt taice do
3 (gambling) cuir (airgead) air, vn cur (airgid) air
4 cuir a thaobh do chùil, vn cur a thaobh do chùil
II back v i 1 rach air ais, vn dol air ais
2 rach a thaobh do chùil, vn dol a thaobh do chùil
backache n 1 (a) pian f droma, gen pèin droma
(b) cràdh m droma, gen cràidh dhroma
2 drumlachan m, gen drumlachain. I’ve got backache, tha an drumlachan orm
back-bite v dèan cùl-chàineadh, vn dèanamh cùl-chàinidh
back-biting n cùl-chàineadh m, gen cùl-chàinidh
backbiter n 1 neach m cùl-chàinidh, pl luchd cùl-chàinidh
2 expressed with cùl-chàineadh m, gen cùl-chàinidh. What backbiters they were! mar bha iad gu cùl-chàineadh!
backbone n cnàimh m an droma. My backbone, cnàimh mo dhroma
backgammon n tàileasg m, gen tàileisg. They were playing backgammon, bha iad ag iomairt tàileisg. The backgammon men (pieces), foireann an tàileisg. A backgammon man, fear-fòirne tàileisg
background n 1 (a) suidheachadh m, gen suidheachaidh, pl suidheachaidhean, suidhichidhean. Against such a socio-economic background, ann an leithid sin de shuidheachadh sluagh-eacanomaigeach
(b) seòrsa suidhichidh, pl seòrsachan shuidhichidhean. Practice in Gaelic medium schools varies, reflecting this range of language backgrounds, tha caochladh dhòighean a’ dol anns na sgoiltean Gàidhlig mar thoradh air na tha ann de sheòrsachan shuidhichidhean a thaobh cànain
2 àrainneachd f. Children from a variety of backgrounds, clann o chaochladh àrainneachd. To provide children from non-Gaelic backgrounds with basic oral competence in Gaelic, comas-labhairt bunaiteach a bhuileachadh air clann à àrainneachd gun Ghàidhlig. The school will respond positively to these very different pupil backgrounds, bidh an sgoil a’ gabhail gu taiceil, seasmhach ris na seòrsachan àrainneachd chloinne seo a tha cho fìor eadar-dhealaichte
3 cùl-fhiosrachadh m, gen cùl-fhiosrachaidh. This gave them a kind of background to the subject, bha seo a’ toirt dhaibh seòrsa de chùl-fhiosrachadh air a’ chuspair
4 timcheallachd f
5 not directly expressed. Gaelic caters for pupils from a range of home and cultural backgrounds, tha a’ Ghàidhlig a’ gabhail ri cloinn à caochladh sheòrsachan dachaigh is dualchais. Pupils from a home or community background where Gaelic is a regular feature of their language environment, clann à dachaighean no à coimhearsnachdan anns a bheil a’ Ghàidhlig na pàirt cunbhalach den àrainneachd-chànain aca
in the background prep phr expressed with às an t-sealladh. They rather kept themselves in the background, chùm iad iad fhèin às an t-sealladh gu ìre
background mod expressed with taiceil a. Background studies, eòlas taiceil
backside n 1 tòin f, gen tòine, pl tòinean. I’ll give you a kick on the backside, bheir mi cioc dhut anns an tòin. If you’d take that much whisky it’d put you on your backside, nan gabhadh tu sin a dh’uisge-beatha chuireadh e air do thòin thu
2 manchan m, gen manchain. I’ll give you a hot backside, stiallaidh mi do mhanchan
at his backside prep phr expressed with na thòin. John will be at his backside everywhere he goes, bidh Iain na thòin a h-uile h-àite thèid e
backslide v i cùl-shleamhnaich, vn cùl-shleamhnachadh m
backsliding n cùl-shleamhnachadh m, gen cùl-shleamhnachaidh
backswimmer n (Notonecta spp.) 1 tàillear m snàmh-droma, gen tàilleir shnàmh-droma, pl tàillearan snàmh-droma
2 snàmhair-droma m, gen snàmhair-dhroma, pl snàmhairean-droma
backward a 1 air ais. Backward motion, gluasad air ais
2 (shy) (a) diùid
(b) sochaireach
3 (unprogressive) (a) slaodach
(b) fadalach
backwards adv 1 (a) expressed with an comhair do chùil prep phr. She came down it backwards, thàinig i sìos ann an comhair a cùil
(b) an coinneimh do chùil
2 (a) a thaobh do chùil prep phr. I fell backwards, thuit mi a thaobh mo chùil. We used to come in backwards because we were so afraid of ghosts, bhiodh sinn a’ tighinn a-steach a thaobh ar cùil leis an eagal a bh’ òirnn ro thathaisg. I walked in backwards but she walked in forwards, choisich mise a-steach a thàobh mo chùil ach choisich ise a-steach a’ gabhail air adhart
(b) a thaobh do thòin prep phr. I’d better go in backwards, ’s fheàrr dhomh a dhol a-staigh a thaobh mo thòin
3 gu chùlubh. She was leaning backwards, bha stadhadh innte gu cùlubh
4 air ais. I moved it backwards, ghluais mi air ais e. They sat leaning backwards, shuidh iad agus an druim air ais ri taic
5 chon an deiridh. Does the seat of the car fold down forwards or backwards? a bheil suidheachan a’ chàr a’ pasgadh a-bhàn chon an toisich no chon an deiridh?
backwards and forwards adv phr air ais is air adhart. I’ve been backwards and forwards all day, bha mi air ais is air adhart fad an latha
backwash n (receding wave) tonn-tillidh m, gen tuinn-thillidh
bacon n muicfheoil f, gen muicfheola
save your bacon v phr expressed with glèidh do chuid. That saved his bacon, ghlèidh siod a chuid dha
bacteria n bacteiria m
bacterial a 1 bacteiriach. Hygiene measures adopted should be sufficient to prevent the spread of bacterial, viral and parasitic conditions, bu chòir gum bitheadh na dòighean-obrach slàinteachais a thèid a chur an gnìomh gu leòr gus casg a chur air galaran baicteiriach, bhìorasach agus parasaiteach o bhith a’ sgaoileadh
2 baictearach
bacteriologist n baictear-eòlaiche m, pl baictear-eòlaichean
bacteriology n baictear-eòlas m, gen baictear-eòlais
bacterium n 1 bacterium m, pl bacteria
2 baictear m, gen baicteir, pl baicteir, baictearan
Bactrian a Baictriach. Bactrian camel, càmhal Baictriach
bad a 1 dona, comp miosa (or, when referring to health, sometimes dona). They’re not bad, chan eil iad dona. That wasn’t so bad was it? cha robh sin (cho) dona a robh? It is bad for you, tha e dona dhut. I am not so bad as that, chan eil mi cho dona (ri) sin. May your every day be happy, with none bad at all, a h-uile làtha sona dhuibh, gun latha idir dona dhuibh (rhyme). Some of the cows were bad with “tiormachd” after that, bha feadhainn dhen chrodh dona le tiormachd an dèidh sin. We’re worse off now, tha sinn nas miosa dheth a-nis. He’s not worse (of health), chan eil e nas dona
2 olc, comp miosa
3 droch (precedes n). You’ve a really bad opinion of me, tha fìor dhroch bharail agad orm. A bad sign on the weather, droch shoighn air an aimsir. It was a bad year for rheumatism, ’s e droch bhliadhna airson na sèataig a bh’ ann
4 trom, comp truime. This weather is bad for rheumatism, tha an tìde seo trom airson na sèataig
5 (difficult) expressed with negative plus deic. It’s bad (enough) how dear everything is, cha deic cho daor is a tha a h-uile dad
bad lot, bad egg n phr droch isean m, gen droch isein, pl droch iseanan. He was a bit of a bad lot I’m afraid, tha eagal orm gu robh rud den droch isean ann
bad luck n phr droch shealbh m, gen droch sheilbh
bad name n phr droch cliù m. That gave him a bad name, fhuair e droch cliù a thoradh air sin
bad news n phr droch naidheachd f. I heard bad news today, chuala mi droch naidheachd an diugh
from bad to worse adv phr 1 nas miosa is nas miosa
2 expressed with bi a’ sìor fhàs nas miosa. Things went from bad to worse, bha cùisean a’ sìor fhàs na bu mhiosa
go bad v phr 1 (of food) (a) rach a dholaidh, vn dol a dholaidh. The potatoes have gone bad, chaidh na buntàta a dholaidh
(b) rach am mùth, vn dol am mùth ; or thig am mùth, vn tighinn am mùth. I wanted to cook it before it would go bad, bha mi airson a bhruich mas reigheadh e am mùth. Use those herrings tonight, before they go bad, iùsaig na sgadánan sin a-nochd, mun tig iad am mùth
2 (of liquids) rach aog, vn dol aog. This medicine has gone bad, chaidh a’ chungaidh seo aog
4 (fester) expressed with iongraich, vn iongrachadh m. Some of my teeth were going bad, bha fiaclan ag iongrachadh annam
in a bad way prep phr 1 ann an droch staid
2 air dhroch càradh
with bad grace adv phr gu mìcheatach, or gu mì-chiatach
badly adv dona. The ground is hard underneath, they won’t trample the straw so badly, tha an talamh cruaidh foithe, cha chuir iad am fodar fon casan cho dona
badly behaved (“wicked”) a phr miosa. He was badly behaved sometimes, bha e miosa uaireannan cuideachd
badderlocks n (Alaria esculenta) 1 mircean m, gen mircein, pl mirceanan ; or milcean m, gen milcein, pl milceanan. We used to get badderlocks, bha sinn a’ faighinn milceanan. People used to eat the bone in the badderlocks when they were working on seaweed, bhite ag ithe a’ chnàimh a tha sa mhilcean nuair a bha sluagh ag obair anns a’ bharra-dhearg. The narrow midrib in badderlocks is good to eat, tha e math gu ithe, an stamh caol a th’ ann am meadhan a’ mhilcein
badge n 1 baidse f, pl baidseachan
2 suaicheantas m, gen suaicheantais
badger (Meles meles) n broc m, gen & pl bruic
badminton n badmantan m, gen badmantain
badness n donas m, gen donais
bad-tempered a 1 greannach
2 droch-nàdarach
baffle v tr 1 (a) cuir an imcheist, vn cur an imcheist
(b) cuir an teagamh, vn cur an teagamh
2 (a) expressed with fairtlich ort, vn fairtleachadh ort. It baffled me, dh’fhairtlich e orm
(b) expressed with dèan a’ chùis air, vn dèanamh na cùise air. It baffled me, rinn e a’ chùis orm. That baffled me and I had to abandon it, rinn siod a’ chùis orm agus b’ fheudar dhomh mo chùl a thoirt da
bag n 1 poca m, pl pocaichean, pocannan. What have you got in the bag there? dè th’ agad anns a’ phoc a sin? He ordered two bags of coal, dh’òrdaich e dà phoca ghuail. I don’t know if there is full measure in the bags, chan eil fhios agam a bheil an tomhas anns na pocaichean
2 baga m, pl bagaichean, bagannan. Where did I leave my bag? càite an d’fhàg mi am bag agam?
bag and baggage n phr expressed with thu fhèin ’s na th’ agad. He packed up bag and baggage, thug e a chasan leis e fhèin ’s na bh’ aige
paper bag n phr 1 poca m paipeir, gen poca phàipeir, pl pocaichean pàipeir, pocannan pàipeir
2 expressed with pàipear m, gen pàipeir, pl pàipearan. Try the scones, there are more in the bag, feuch air na sgonaichean, tha tuilleadh anns a’ phàipear. They’re not so good in a brown paper bag, chan eil iad cho math ann am pàipear donn
it’s in the bag, tha e agad
the whole bag of tricks, a h-uile càil a bh’ ann
baggage n 1 (a) baigileis f. She brought an awful lot of baggage with her, thug i leatha an t-uamhas baigileis
(b) bagaiste f
2 treallaichean
bagpipe n 1 pìob f, gen pìoba, pl pìoban. The sound of the bagpipes, fuaim na pìoba. He plays the bagpipes, bidh e a’ cluich na pìoba. He is an expert player of the bagpipes, tha e ealanta air cluich na pìoba
2 pìob-chiùil f, gen pìoba-ciùil
sing a bagpipe tune n phr expressed with bi a’ canntaireachd
bail n 1 fuasgladh m air urras, gen fuasglaidh air urras
2 urras m, gen urrais. He was released on bail, chaidh a leigeil mu sgaoil air urras
bail v tr 1 fuasgail air urras, vn fuasgladh air urras
2 thoir urras air, vn toirt urrais air
go bail v phr rach an urras (for, airson). I will go bail for you, thèid mise an urras air do shon
bail v tr taom, vn taomadh m. He was bailing the boat, bha e a’ taomadh a’ bhàta
bailiff n 1 bàillidh m, pl bàillidhean
2 earraid m, pl earraidean
3 maor m, gen & pl maoir
baillie n bàillidh m, pl bàillidhean
Bain pr n 1 (male) (a) MacGillebhàin, gen MhicGillebhàin. Murdo Bain, Murchadh MacGillebhàin. Mr Murdo Bain, Mgr Murchadh MacGillebhàin. Murdo Bain’s house, taigh Mhurchaidh MhicGillebhàin
(b) expressed with Bànach m, gen Bhànaich, pl Bànaich. Murdo Bain, Murchadh Bànach. Mr Murdo Bain, Mgr Murchadh Bànach. Murdo Bain’s house, taigh Mhurchaidh Bhànaich. He’s a Bain, ’s e Bànach a th’ ann. He’s of the Bains, ’s ann de na Bànaich a tha e. I was talking to Bain or to Mr Bain, bha mi bruidhinn ris a’ Bhànach
2 (female) (a) (maiden name) (i) NicGillebhàin. Ann Bain, Anna NicGillebhàin. Ann Bain’s house, taigh Anna NicGillebhàin
(ii) expressed with Bhànach. Ann Bain, Anna Bhànach. Ann Bain’s house, taigh Anna Bhànach
also expressed with Bànach m, gen Bhànaich, pl Bànaich. She’s a Bain, ’s e Bànach a th’ innte. She’s of the Bains, ’s ann de na Bànaich a tha e i
(b) (married name) (i) expressed with Bean plus gen of husband’s name. Mrs Murdo Bain, Bean Mhurchaidh MhicGillebhàin or Bean Mhurchaidh Bhànaich. I was talking to Mrs Bain, bha mi bruidhinn ri Bean a’ Bhànaich
(ii) expressed with A’ Bhean-Phòsta or A’ Bh-Ph, gen na Mnà-Pòsta, plus husband’s surname, either with Nic in place of Mac : NicGillebhàin, or lenited : Bhànach. Mrs Ann Bain, A’ Bh-Ph Anna NicGilleBhàin or A’ Bh-Ph Anna Bhànach. Mrs Ann Bain’s house, taigh na Mnà-Pòsta Anna NicGillebhàin or taigh na Mnà-Pòsta Anna Bhànach
bait n 1 biadhadh m, gen biadhaidh. Have you good bait? a bheil biathadh math agad? The fish was taking bites at the bait, bha an t-iasg a’ sgobadh a’ bhiadhaidh. That one went off with the bait, thug e siod leis am biathadh
2 (a) baoiteag f, gen baoiteig
(b) baoit f. Have you good bait? a bheil baoit mhath agad?
3 maghar m, gen maghair. Have you good bait? a bheil maghar math agad?
bait v tr 1 biadh, vn biadhadh m
2 cuir biadhadh air, vn cur biadhaidh air
3 (annoy) sàraich, vn sàrachadh m
bake v tr 1 fuin, vn fuine f. He baked a scone, dh’fhuin e bonnach sgona
2 bi a’ bèicearachd, or dèan bèiceireachd f. I was baking, bha mi a’ bèiceireachd. I baked the potatoes, rinn mi na buntàta bhèicearachd
3 (a) ròst anns an amhainn, vn ròstadh anns an àmhainn. I baked the potatoes, rinn mi na buntàta ròstadh anns an amhuinn
(b) bruich anns an amhainn, vn bruich anns an amhainn
baked a 1 (a) air a bhèiceireachd. Baked potatoes, buntàta air am bèiceireachd. I like roe baked in the oven, is caomh lium iuchair air a bèiceireachd anns an àmhuinn
(b) beucaichte. Baked clay, crèadh bheucaichte
2 air a ròstadh. I like roe baked in the oven, is caomh lium iuchair air a ròstadh anns an àmhainn
baking n 1 (a) (i) fuine f. Do you want to help me with the baking? a bheil thu airson mo chobhair leis an fhuine? The baking went wrong on me today, chaidh an fhuine dochair orm an diugh. It’s a scant baking we have today, ’s e fuine thana a th’ againn an diugh
(ii) expressed with a bhith a’ fuine. Activities such as baking, gnìomhan mar a bhith a’ fuine
(b) fuineadaireachd f
2 bèiceireachd f. Do you like my baking? a bheil a’ bhèiceireachd agam gad chòrdadh?
baking mod fuine. Baking powder, fùdar fuine
baking case n phr cèis-chèic f, gen cèise-cèic, pl cèisean-cèic
baking soda n phr soda m an arain, sòda m arain
roll out, pat out, (baking) v phr cuir a-mach, vn cur a-mach. He’s rolling out the scone, tha e cuir a-mach am bonnach
baker n 1 fuineadair m, pl fuineadairean
2 bèicear m, gen bèiceir, pl bèicearan. The elder one’s husband was a baker, bha an duine aig an tè bu shine na bhèicear
bakehouse n taigh-fuine m, pl taighean-fuine
bakery n 1 taigh-fuine m, pl taighean-fuine
2 bùth-fhuine f, pl bùthan-fuine
balance n 1 (implement) (a) meidh f, gen meidhe, pl meidhean
(b) meidh-chothroim f, gen meidhe-cothroim, pl meidhean-cothroim
2 (a) cothrom m, gen cothroim
(b) cothromachadh m, gen cothromachaidh. The balance in A2 will be different from the balance in B1, chan ionnan cothromachadh ann an A2 agus ann an B1. The balance of the primary curriculum, cothromachadh clàr-teagaisg na bun-sgoile
(c) expressed with cothromach a. To ensure balance and progression, gus sin a dhèanamh cothromach agus adhartach. To ensure balance, breadth, continuity, coherence and progression gus cùisean a dhèanamh da-rireabh cothromach, farsaing, leantainneach, cunbhalach agus adhartach
(d) expressed with cothromaich v, vn cothromachadh m. It will be important to reflect an appropriate balance of approaches, bidh e cudthromach gum bi na dòighean air an cothromachadh gu freagarrach
3 co-chòrdadh m, gen co-chòrdaidh. In order to achieve the kind of breadth and balance suggested, gus ruighinn air an t-seòrsa farsaingeachd agus co-chòrdaidh a thathar a’ toirt mun aire
4 co-ionnanachd f. To ensure progression, balance and consistency of approach and content at different ages and stages, gus daingneachadh a dhèanamh air leantainneachd agus air co-ionnanachd a thaobh dhòighean teagaisg agus a thaobh na thathar a’ teagasg aig caochladh aoisean agus ìrean
5 (financial) còrr m
6 fuidheall m, gen fuidhill
balance of payments n phr cothromachadh m malairt, gen cothromachaidh mhalairt
balance mod cothromachaidh. Balance point, puing chothromachaidh
on balance adv phr le gach uile nì a mheas
strike a balance v phr expressed with thig gu cuimseachd, vn tighinn gu cuimseachd. We must strike a balance over it, feumaidh sinn thighinn gu cuimseachd ma dheidhinn
balance v tr 1 (a) cuir an cothromachd, vn cur an cothromachd. Balance listening, talking, reading, and writing, a’ cur èisteachd, labhairt, leughadh agus sgrìobhadh an cothromachd
(b) cothromaich, vn cothromachadh m
(c) co-chothromaich, vn co-chothromachadh m. He was balancing (himself), bha e ga cho-chothromachadh fhèin
(d) expressed with bi cothrom. The account balanced, bha dà thaobh a’ chunntais cothrom
2 cuir air mheidh, vn cur air mheidh. I balanced the stick on my finger, chuir mi am bioran air mheidh air mo chorraig
balanced a 1 cothromach, comp cothromaiche. Within a curriculum that is balanced, has breadth, and is continuous, ann an clàr-teagaisg a tha cothromach, farsaing agus leantainneach. Provided that it helps teacher and pupil to achieve a balanced view of the pupil’s performance, fhad ’s a chuidicheas e an tidsear agus am pàiste gus sealladh cothromach fhaotainn air na tha am pàiste a’ coileanadh
2 cothromaichte. Balanced forces, fòrsaichean cothromaichte
balancing mod cothromachaidh. Balancing forces, lùthan cothromachaidh
balcony n 1 for-uinneag f, gen for-uinneige, pl for-uinneagan
2 balcanaidh m, pl balcanaidhean
bald a 1 (a) maol, comp maoile. He got awfully bald, dh’fhàs e cianail maol
(b) expressed with maoil-mhullaich f, gen maoile-mullaich. He became bald when he was young, thàinig a’ mhaoil-mhullaich air na òige
2 (a) le sgall. He’s bald now, tha e le sgall a-nis
(b) expressed with sgall air. He became bald when he was young, thàinig sgall air na òige
bald spot n phr spailc m maol, gen spailc mhaoil, pl spailcean maola. You’ve got a bald spot, tha spailc maol ort
bald (on top) a phr expressed with maoil-mhullaich f, gen maoile-mullaich. He’s bald on top, tha maol-mhullaich air. He is as bald as a coot, tha maoil-mhullaich air chon nan cluasan (saying)
balderdash n treamsgal m
baldmoney n (Meum athamanticum), see spignel n
baldness n maoile f
bale n bèile f, pl bèileachan, bèilichean. Twenty bales, fichead bèile. these bales are heavy, tha na bèileachan seo trom. Round bales, bèileachan mòra
bale v tr bèilig, vn bèileadh m. He’s baled all the hay, bhèilig e am feur uileadh
bale again, re-bale v (phr) bèilig air ais, vn beileadh air ais. He had to re-bale the hay, thàinig air am feur a bhèileadh air ais
baled a air a bheileadh. I hope he’ll get the hay baled since he’s taken to do with it, tha mi ag earbsa gu faigh e am feur air a bheileadh seach gun do ghabh e gnothach ris
bale v tr
bale out v phr (escape by parachute) leum a-mach le parasiut, vn leum a-mach le parasiut
ball n (dance) bàl m, gen & pl bàil
ball n 1 ball m, gen & pl buill. The ball is at their feet, tha am ball fon casan
2 cèise-ball m, pl cèise-buill
3 bàla m, pl bàlaichean ; also bàlla m, pl bàllaichean. Playing with a ball, a’ cluich le bàla. He was bouncing a ball, bha e a’ toirt air bàla leum
4 (of wool) ceirsle f, pl ceirslean
ball and socket mod phr cuaich is ubhail. Ball and socket joint, alt cuaich is ubhail
on the ball prep phr expressed with pongail. She’s quite on the ball in that way, tha i pongail gu leòr san dòigh sin. Wasn’t he on the ball when he remembered that, nach e bha pongail nuair a chuimhnich e air a siod. When I was speaking to Ann she was really on the ball, nuair a bha mi a’ bruidhinn ri Anna bha i cho pongail
shinty ball n phr cnag f, gen cnaig, pl cnagan
snowball n cnap m sneachd, gen & pl cnip shneachd
ballad n bailead m, gen baileid, pl baileadan
ballast n balaiste f
ball-bearing n giùlan-bàla m, gen & pl giùlain-bhàla
ballet n bailè m
balloon n balùn m, gen balùin, pl balùnaichean ; or bailiùn m, pl bailiùnaichean. Hot-air balloon, balùn èadhair-theth. The great balloon race, rèis mhòr nam balùn. This balloon needs blowing up, tha ’m balùn seo ri shéideadh
ballot n 1 baileat m, gen baileit. He was chosen by ballot, chaidh a thaghadh le baileat
2 ball-thaghadh m, gen ball-thaghaidh, pl ball-thaghaidhean. The matter was decided by ballot, thàinigeas gu co-dhùnadh mun chùis le ball-thaghadh
3 bhòtadh m, gen bhòtaidh. It will be referred to the ballot, thèid a chur gu bhòtadh
4 (a) crannchur m, gen crannchuir
(b) tilgeil f chrann
ballot paper n phr pàipear m baileit, gen pàipeir bhaileit pl pàipearan baileit
ballot-box n bocas m baileit, gen & pl bocais bhaileit
balm n 1 (medicinal) ìocshlaint f, pl ìocshlaintean
2 (soothing substance) balsam m, gen balsaim
balm n (Melissa officinalis) lus m na malla
balm, bastard n (Melittis melissophyllum) lus-na-malla m brèige, gen lus-na-malla bhrèige
balsa n mod balsa. Balsa wood, fiodh balsa
balsam n 1 balsam m, gen balsaim
2 ola-leighis f
balsam, Himalayan n (Impatiens glandulifera) balsam m Hiomalaidheanach, gen balsaim Hiomalaidheanaich
balsam, small n (Impatiens parviflora) balsam m beag, gen balsaim bhig
balsam, touch-me-not n (Impatiens noli-tangere) balsam m buidhe, gen balsaim bhuidhe
Baltic, The pr n a’ Bhaltaic f, gen na Baltaic
Baltic a Baltaiceach. Baltic languages, cànain Bhaltaiceach
bamboo n (Bambusoideae) 1 bambù m
2 cuilc f Innseanach, gen cuilce Innseanaich, pl cuilcean Innseanach
bamboo, Himalayan n (Arundinaria jaunsarensis) bambù m Hiomalaidheanach, gen bambù Hiomalaidheanaich
bamboo worm n (Maldanidae) boiteag-bhambù f, gen boiteig-bambù, pl boiteagan-bambù
bamboozle v tr 1 meall, vn mealladh m
(b) thoir car à, vn toirt car à. He bamboozled us all, thug e an càr asainn uile
2 cuir an imcheist, vn cur an imcheist. I’m quite bamboozled by it, tha e gam chur an imcheist dha-rìreabh
ban n toirmeasg m, gen toirmisg. I am under a ban, tha mi fo thoirmeasg
ban v tr 1 toirmisg, vn toirmeasg m. He banned smoking in the house, thoirmisg e a bhith a’ smaocadh san taigh
2 toirmisg do, vn toirmeasg do. The doctor banned me from smoking, thoirmeasg an dotair dhomh a bhith a’ smocadh
banned a 1 (a) air do thoirmeasg. I’m banned from that one as well, tha mi air mo thoirmeasg bhon fhear sin cuideachd. I’m banned from smoking, tha smocadh air a thoirmeasg dhomh
(b) toirmeasgte
banana n banana m, pl bananathan. Watch you don’t squash the bananas, feuch nach pronn thu na bananathan. A beautiful bunch of ripe bananas, bagaid ghrinn de bhananathan abaich
band n 1 bann m, gen bainne, pl bannan, banntan, banntaichean
2 (people) còmhlan m, gen & pl còmhlain
3 (music) còmhlan m (ciùil), gen & pl còmhlain (chiùil)
bandage n 1 bann m, gen bainne, pl bannan, banntan
2 stal m, pl stalan. He had a bandage on, bha stal air. I’ll have to put a bandage on it, feumaidh mi stal a chur air. Crepe bandages, stalan creip. Cotton bandages, stalan cotain. Triangular bandages, stalan triantanach
3 stìom-cheangail f, gen stìoma-ceangail, pl stìoman-ceangail
bandy v tr 1 tilg a-null ’s a-nall, vn tilgeil a-null ’s a-nall
bandy words v phr bi a’ gearradaireachd. They bandied words with each other, bha iad a’ gearradaireachd ri chèile
bandy-legged a camachasach
baneful n 1 neimheil, comp neimheala
2 dochannach, comp dochannaiche
bang n 1 brag m, gen braig, pl bragan. The gun went bang, rinn an gunna brag
2 trost m, pl trostan. The door shut with a bang, dhùin an doras le trost
3 buille f, pl buillean. I got a bang on the head, fhuair mi buille mun cheann
bang v tr & i buail, vn bualadh m. Who’s banging at the door? cò tha a’ bualadh aig an doras? He banged it down on the counter, bhuail e sìos air a’ chunntair e
banging n bualadh m, gen bualaidh. I can hear a banging at the door, tha mi a’ cluinntinn bualadh aig an doras
banish v tr 1 fògair, vn fògradh m. They were banished to another city, chaidh am fògradh gu baile eile. It will banish all sorrow from us, fògraidh e bhuainn gach doilgheas
2 fuadaich, vn fuadach m
banish from v phr also expressed with cuir de, vn cur de. It will banish all sorrow from us, cuiridh e dhinn gach doilgheas
banishment n 1 fògradh m, gen fògraidh
2 fuadach m, gen fuadaich
banjo n bainsio m, pl bainsiothan
bank n 1 banca m, pl bancaichean, bancan. Whether in the form of a structured course or of banks of materials, an dàrna cuid air chumadh cùrsa dheasaichte no bhancaichean de stuthan
2 tasgadh m, gen tasgaidh. A bank of the most commonly used functional words can be built, faodar tasgadh a dhèanamh air na faclan gnìomhachail as trice thathar a’ cleachdadh. Personal banks can be drawn up and learned, faodar tasgadh pearsanta a dhèanamh agus ionnsachadh
3 bruach f, gen bruaich, pl bruaichean. The bank of the river, bruach na h-aibhne
4 (fishing bank) banca m, pl bancaichean. A sand-bank, banca-gainmhich
5 (peat-bank) (a) bac m (-mòine), gen & pl baic (-mhòine). A long (peat) bank with a good spreading ground, bac fada le deagh sgaoilteach
(b) poll m (-mònach), gen & pl puill (-mhònach)
6 bòrd m. The bank of the loch, bòrd an locha
Bank of Scotland pr n Banca m na h-Alba
clearing bank n phr banca m rèitich, pl bancaichean rèitich
Clydesdale Bank pr n Banca m Shrath Chluaidh
gravel bank n phr 1 bruach f ghrinneil, gen bruaiche grinneil, pl bruachan grinneil
2 expressed with bruach f dhearg (often pronounced “broch dhearg”), gen bruaiche deirge, pl bruachan dearga
peat-bank n phr bac-mòine m, gen & pl baic-mhòine
Royal Bank of Scotland pr n Banca m Rìoghail na h-Alba
word bank n phr banca m fhaclan, pl bancaichean fhaclan. Word banks should be introduced, tha còir tòiseachadh air bancaichean fhaclan
bank v tr cuir sa bhanc, vn cur sa bhanc
bank on v phr rach an urras air, vn dol an urras air. I was banking on those ones, bha mi a’ dol an urras orra siod
banking n bancaireachd f
bank-draft n tarraing-bhanca f, gen tarraing-banca, pl tarraingean-banca
banker n 1 bancair m, pl bancairean
2 neach m a’ bhanca
banker’s order n phr òrdugh-banca m, gen òrduigh-bhanca, pl òrduighean-banca
bank-rate n riadh m a’ bhanca
bankrupt n neach m a bhrist
bankrupt a briste
become bankrupt, go bankrupt v phr bris, vn briseadh m
bankruptcy n briseadh m, gen brisidh, pl brisidhean
banner n bratach f, gen brataich, pl brataichean
bannock n 1 bonnach m, gen & pl bonnaich
2 breacag f, gen breacaig, pl breacagan
banns n pl bannan m pl. Their banns were proclaimed in church today, bha na bannan aca air an gairm san eaglais an diugh
banquet n 1 bangaid f, pl bangaidean
2 fèist f, gen fèiste, pl fèistean
3 fleadh m, gen fleadha, pl fleadhan
4 ròic m, pl ròicean
banqueting n fleadhachas m, gen fleadhachais
bantam n 1 (hen) cearc gheàrr f, gen circe geàrr, pl cearcan gearra
2 (cock) coileach geàrr m, gen coilich gheàrr, pl coilich ghearra. Three starlings, two white doves and a bantam cock and hen, trì druidean dubha, dà chalman gheala, coileach is cearc gheàrr (from a rhyme)
banter n tarraing-às f
2 gearradaireachd f
baptise v tr baist, vn baisteadh m. It was he who baptised me, ’s e bhaist mise. The child was baptised last Sunday, chaidh an leanabh a bhaisteadh an t-Sàbaid a chaidh seachad
baptised a air a bhaisteadh. John used to cast up to me that I wasn’t baptised, bhiodh Iain a’ tilgeil orm nach robh mi air mo bhaisteadh
baptism n baisteadh m, gen baistidh, pl baistidhean
baptismal a expressed with baistidh m gen. It was she who took the baptismal vows, ’s ise ghabh bòidean a’ bhaistidh
Baptist n Baisteach m, gen & pl Baistich
bar n 1 (a) crann m, gen & pl crainn
(b) crann-tarsainn m, gen & pl crainn-tharsainn
2 cnap m, gen cnaip, cnip, pl cnapan, cnip. A bar of soap, cnap siabainn
3 (obstruction) bacadh m, gen bacaidh, pl bacaidhean
4 (legal) (a) crannag f, gen crannaig, pl crannagan
(b) bàr m, gen bàir, pl bàraichean
5 (harbour, sand-) oitir f (chalaidh), pl oitirean (calaidh). Sand bar, oitir ghainmhich
• bàr m, gen bàr, pl bàran. Sand bar, bàr gainmhich
6 (music) bàr m, gen bàr, pl bàran
bar graph n phr graf m bhann, pl grafaichean bhann
• graf m bàr, pl grafaichean bàr
bar n (public bar) 1 (a) bàr m, gen bàr, pl bàraichean
(b) cunntair m, pl cunntairean
2 taigh-sheinnse m, gen taigh-sheinnse, pl taighean-seinnse
bar n (air pressure) bàr m, gen bàir, pl bàraichean
bar v tr 1 (a) dùin, vn dùnadh m
(b) dùin le crann, vn dùnadh le crann
2 toirmisg, vn toirmeasg m
barb (of hook) n 1 friobhag f, gen friobhaige, pl friobhagan ; also friofag f, gen friofaige, pl friofagan
2 gath m, gen gatha, pl gathan, gathannan
barb v tr cuir friofag air, vn cur friofaig air
barbed a 1 (a) friofagach
(b) friofaig
2 gathach
3 stobach. Barbed wire, uèir stobach
barbarian n 1 neach m borb, gen neach bhuirb, pl daoine borba
2 allmharach m, gen & pl allmharaich
barbarian a borb, comp buirbe
barbaric a borb, comp buirbe
barbarism n 1 (a) borbachd f
(b) buirbe f
2 (linguistics, grammar) borb-ràdh m, gen borb-raidh, pl bòrb-ràdhan
barbarity n 1 borbachd f
2 buirbe f
barbarous a borb, comp buirbe
barbastelle n (Barbastellus barbastellus) 1 ialtag f bharbastail, gen ialtaig barbastail, pl ialtagan barbastail
2 barbastail f, pl barbastailean
barbel n (fleshy filament) gàilleach m, gen gàillich, pl gàillichean
barbel n (Barbus barbus) 1 barbal m, gen & pl barbail
2 breac-feusagach m, gen bric-fheusagaich, pl bric-fheusagach
3 mial-ghàilleach f, gen miala-gàillich, pl mialan-gàilleach
barbel, mediterranean n (Barbus meridionalis) 1 barbal m meadhan-thìreach, gen barbail mheadhan-thìrich, pl barbail mheadhan-thìreach
barbelgudgeon, Dalmatian n (Aulopyge hugeli) barbal-bhronnag f Dhalmàisianach, gen barbal-bhronnaig f Dalmàisianaich, pl barbal-bhronnagan f Dalmàisianach
barber n 1 borbair m, pl borbairean
2 bearradair m, pl bearradairean
barberry n (Berberis vulgaris) barbrag f, gen barbraig, pl barbragan
bard m bàrd m, gen & pl bàird. He always used to wear the clothes the bard describes in the song, bhiodh e an còmhnaidh is an t-aodach air a tha am bàrd ag ainmeachadh anns an òran
bardic a 1 bàrdail
2 bàrdachd, na bàrdachd
3 bhàrd, nam bàrd
bare a 1 lom, comp loma, luime. Everywhere is so bare, and I don’t know what will happen, tha a h-uile h-àite cho lom agus chan eil fhios agam dè dh’èireas
2 rùisgte
3 expressed with ris
make bare v phr 1 lom, vn lomadh. When the cow makes the park bare she’ll have nothing to eat, nuair a lomas a’ bhò a’ phàirc cha bhi dad aice a dh’itheas i
2 dèan lomadh, vn dèanamh lomaidh. They’ve really made you bare! nach iad a rinn do lomadh! (of a haircut)
barely adv gann. One penny barely reaches (as far as) the next one, chan eil an dàrna sgillinn ach gann a’ beireachd air an tè’ ile
barefaced a 1 gun nàire
2 beag-nàrach
barefoot adv casruisgte
barefooted a casruisgte. He is barefooted, tha e casruisgte
bareheaded a & adv ceannruisgte. I’m going bareheaded, tha mi a’ falbh ceannruisgte
bare-legged a & adv luirg-rùisgte
bargain n 1 cùmhnant m, gen cùmhnaint, pl cùmhnantan
2 (a) bargan m & f, gen bargain, pl bargain, barganan. It’s a bargan, ’s e bargan a th’ ann. There’s not many can get a bargain from a tinker, cha mhòr a gheibh bargàn bhon cheàird
(b) deagh bhargan m, gen & pl deagh bhargain. It was a (real) bargain, ’s e deagh bhargan a bh’ ann
into the bargain adv phr an cois sin. And he got a lot more into the bargain, agus fhuair e mòran a bharrachd an cois sin
strike a bargain v phr dèan bargan, vn dèanamh bargain (with, ri). They finally struck a bargain, mu dheireadh rinn iad bargan ri chèile
bargain v i 1 (a) cùmhnantaich, vn cùmhnantachadh m
(b) dèan cùmhnant, vn dèanamh cùmhnaint
2 (a) barganaich, vn barganachadh m. They were bargaining for a long time, chaith iad ùine mhòr a’ barganachadh
(b) dèan bargan, vn dèanamh bargain
barge n 1 bàirdse m, pl bàirdsean, bàirdsichean
2 (pleasure boat) bìrlinn f, pl bìrlinnean
barium n bairiam m
bark n (tree) 1 cairt f, gen cairt, cairteach, pl cairtean
2 rùsg m, gen & pl rùisg
bark n (of dog) comhart m, gen comhairt, pl comhartan. The dog gave a few barks, rinn an cù beagan comhartan
bark v tr cairt, vn cartadh m. They were barking nets, bha iad a’ cartadh lìon
bark v i 1 (a) bi comhartaich. The dog was barking at us, bha an cù a’ comhartaich rinn
(b) dèan comhart, vn dèanamh comhairt
2 expressed with comhartaich f. What’s the dog barking for? dè a’ chomhartaich a th’ air a’ chù?
barking n comhartaich f
bark-chewer n (insect) cagnaiche-cairteach m, pl cagnaichean-cairteach
barklouse n (Psocidae) mial-chairteach, f, gen miala-cairteach, pl mialan-cairteach
barley (Hordeum vulgare) n eòrna m. There used to be barley planted here, bhite a’ cur eòrna seo roimhe. Clean hands won’t do barley (baking), cha dèan làmh ghlan eòrna (proverb)
barley scone (or barley bannock) n bonnach arain-eòrna m, pl bonnaich arain-eòrna. She baked a barley scone, dh’fhuin i bonnach arain-eòrna
barley, foxtail n (Hordeum jubatum) eòrna m earbaill-shionnaich
barley, meadow n (Hordeum secalinum) eòrna m cluaine, gen eòrna chluaine
barley, sea n (Hordeum marinum) eòrna m mara, gen eòrna mhara
barley, six-rowed n (Hordeum vulgare) eòrna m sia-shreathach, gen eòrna shia-shreathaich
barley, two-rowed n (Hordeum distichon) eòrna m dà-shreathach, gen eòrna dhà-shreathaich
barley, wall n (Hordeum murinum) eòrna m balla, gen eòrna bhalla
barley, wood n (Hordelymus europaeus) eòrna m coille, gen eòrna choille
barley-bread n aran-eòrna m, gen arain-eòrna
barm n (yeasty froth) cobhar m brachaidh, gen cobhair bhrachaidh
barn n sabhal m, gen sabhail, pl saibhlean, sabhalan. We used to fill the barns first, bha sinn a’ lìonadh nan saibhlean an toiseach
barnacle n (Archaeogastropoda), see limpet n
barnacle, acorn n (Balanus spp, Semibalanus balnoides, etc) expressed with sgreagag f, gen sgreagaig. There are a lot of barnacles on those stones, tha na clachan sin làn sgreagaig
barnacle, buoy-making n (Lepas fascicularis) giùran m dèanaimh-bolla, gen & pl giùrain dhèanaimh-bolla
barnacle, goose n (Lepas anatifera) giùran m, gen & pl giùrain. There are goose-barnacles on that driftwood, tha giùrain air an fhiodh sin a thàinig air tìr
barnacle, parasitic n (Sacculina carcini) giùran m parasaiteach, gen & pl giùrain pharasaitich
barn-yard n iodhlann f, gen iodhlainn, pl iodhlannan
barometer n 1 baroimeatar m, gen baromeatair, pl baroimeataran
2 glainne-shìde f, gen glainne-sìde, pl glainneachan-sìde
barque n bàrc m, gen bàrca, bàirc, pl bàrcannan
Barra pr n Barraigh
belonging to Barra a phr Barrach
inhabitant of Barra n phr Barrach m , gen & pl Barraich
barracks n 1 taigh-feachd m, pl taighean-feachd
2 bearaic f
confined to barracks a phr 1 air do chuibhreachadh sa bhearaic
2 (figurative) expressed with air do chumail aig port. I’m confined to barracks here, tha mi air mo chumail aig port a seo
barracuda n (Sphyraena sphyraena) barracùda m, pl barracùdathan
barrage n balla-casg m, gen balla-chasg, pl ballachan-casg
barrel n baraille m, pl baraillean. We used to fill big barrels of herring, bhiodh sinn a’ lìonadh baraillean mòra de sgadan. She had a board on top of the barrel, making a kind of table, bha clàr aice air uachdar a’ bharaille, a’ dèanamh seòrsa de bhòrd. They broached the barrel, leig iad am baraille
barren a 1 (botany) seasg. Barren brome, bròmas seasg
2 fàs
3 neo-thorrach
barrenness n 1 seasgachd f
2 neo-thorrachas m, gen neo-thorrachais
barricade n balla-bacaidh m, gen balla-bhacaidh, pl ballachan-bacaidh
barrier n 1 balla-bacaidh m, gen balla-bhacaidh, pl ballachan-bacaidh
2 bacadh m, gen bacaidh. Barrier wall, balla-bacaidh
barrow n bara m, pl barachan, baraichean
barrow (with wheel but no legs, having curved shafts and box with convex bottom) bara-làir m, pl barachan-làir
hand-barrow n phr (having no wheel and four trams) bara m dà-làimhe, gen bara dhà-làimhe. pl barachan dà-làimhe
Paddy barrow n phr (wheelbarrow with no box) bara-ceapaig m, gen bara-cheapaig, pl barachan-ceapaig
wheelbarrow n (with box) bara-cuibhlidh m, gen bara-chuibhlidh, pl barachan-cuibhlidh
barter n 1 iomlaid f. The barter system, siostam na h-iomlaid
2 malairt f
barter v tr 1 iomlaidich, vn iomlaideachadh m
2 (a) malairtich, vn malairteachadh m
(b) dèan malairt air, vn dèanamh malairt air. They bartered commodities, bha iad a’ dèanamh malairt air bathair
bartsia, Alpine n (Bartsia alpina) bartsia f Ailpeach, gen bartsia Ailpich
bartsia, red n (Odontites verna) 1 bartsia f dhearg, gen bartsia deirge
2 modhalan m coitcheann, gen modhalain choitchinn
bartsia, yellow n (Parentucellia viscosa) bartsia f bhuidhe, gen bartsia buidhe
baryte n (mineralogy) bairit f
basalt n basalt m, gen basailt
base n 1 bonn m, gen & pl buinn. The stone has been re-erected and set in a cement base, chaidh a’ chlach a chur suas a-rithist agus a shuidheachadh ann am bonn saimeant
2 bun m, gen buna or buin, pl buin or bunan. At the base of the mountain, aig bun na beinne
3 bunait m & f, pl bunaitean
4 stèidh f, gen stèidhe, pl stèidhean
5 (chemical base, alkali) bun m ceimigeach, pl bunan ceimigeach
base a 1 suarach, comp suaraiche
2 neo-luachmhor. Base metal, meatailt neo-luachmhor
3 ìosal, comp ìsle. Of base extraction, de shloinneadh ìosal
base v tr bonntaich, vn bonntachadh m. The attainment targets are based on the following descriptions of levels of attainment, tha na cuimsean coileanaidh air am bonntachadh air na cunntasan seo air ìrean coileanaidh. The programmes of study are closely based on the attainment targets, tha na clàran oideachaidh air am bonntachadh gu mionaideach air na cuimsean coileanaidh. This should be based on broad and slender vowels, tha còir seo a bhonntachadh air fuaimreagan leathann agus caola
based a 1 (a) bonntaichte
(b) air a bhonntachadh. Reports based on pupils’ reading will involve the teacher in helping them to analyse the text, cuiridh aithisgean a tha air am bonntachadh air leughadh chloinne an tidsear an greim ann a bhith gan cuideachadh gus sgrùdadh a dhèanamh air an teacsa. Teaching materials based on modern communicative methodology, stuthan teagaisg air am bonntachadh air dòighean conaltraidh an latha an diugh
2 (a) stèidhichte. This area is based on rocks that were deposited on top of the gneiss, tha an t-àite seo stèidhichte air creagan a chaidh a leigeil a-nuas air uachdar na gneiss
(b) air a stèidheachadh
3 (a) suidhichte. Perhaps based on the reading programme, ’s dòcha suidhichte air a’ phrògram leughaidh
(b) air a shuidheachadh. Themes, topics, projects, or text-based studies, cuspairean no pròiseactan no obair a tha air an suidheachadh air teacsa
4 expressed with air bhonn. Show that they can make a choice or decision based upon what has been heard, a’ nochdadh gun tèid aca air roghainn no co-dhùnadh a dhèanamh air bhonn na chualas
5 not directly expressed. This work should be set within a context based on work appropriate to the age of the pupils, bu chòir don obair seo a bhith air a suidheachadh gus freagairt air cloinn den aois seo
baseball n 1 ball-beusa m, gen buill-bheusa
2 ball-stèidhe m, gen buill-stèidhe
bashful a 1 sochaireach, comp sochairiche
2 diùid, comp diùide
3 nàrach
bashfulness n 1 sochairidh f. You need not feel the least bashful, cha ruig thu leas sochairidh sam bith a bhith ort
2 diùide f
3 (a) nàire f
(b) nàrachd f
basic a 1 (a) (i) bunaiteach, comp bunaitiche. To provide children from non-Gaelic backgrounds with basic oral competence in Gaelic, comas-labhairt bunaiteach a bhuileachadh air clann à àrainneachd gun Ghàidhlig. A conclusion may be built up from a basic set of facts or premises, faodar oibreachadh a dh’ionnsaigh co-dhùnaidh bho fhiosrachadh no ro-stèidh bunaiteach. This might include the production of basic captions, dh’fhaodadh seo gabhail a-staigh caipseanan bunaiteach
(ii) bunailteach, comp bunailtiche
(b) expressed with as bunaitiche. Some may already possess good general alertness, others may not have acquired the basic habits, faodaidh cuid a bhith gu math beòthail dhiubh fhèin, cuid eile nach do thog na cleachdaidhean as bunaitiche
(c) expressed with mar nì bunaiteach. It has been a basic assumption that the resources required for the achievement of these targets will be made available, thathar air a bhith a’ gabhail ris mar nì bunaiteach gum bi na goireasan gan sealbhachadh air a bheil feum gus na cuimsean seo a choileanadh
(d) expressed with bunaitean f pl. To provide a basic framework, gus bunaitean a leagail
2 bunasach, comp bunasaiche
3 expressed with bun-. Pupils should learn to recognise some of the basic structures, bu chòir gun aithnicheadh a’ chlann cuid de na bun-structairean. Pupils will learn the basic skills of reading, bidh a’ chlann ag ionnsachadh bun-sgilean leughaidh. Basic knowledge, bun-eòlas
4 bonntachail. A basic thesis may be supported by evidence and facts, faodar argamaid bhonntachail a chur an cèill le taice bho dhearbhadh agus bho fhiosrachadh
5 sìmplidh. By showing pupils how to turn basic story ideas into plays, le bhith a’ sealltainn don chloinn mar a chuireas iad bun-bheachdan sìmplidh stòiridh ann an riochd dhealbh-chluichean
basil, cow n (Vaccaria pyramidata) basail f bhò
basil, wild n (Clinopodium vulgare) basail f fhiadhaich, f basail fiadhaich
basil thyme n (Acinos arvensis), see thyme, basil n
basin n 1 (utensil) (a) mias f, gen mias, mèise, pl miasan. Wash your hands in the basin, glan do làmhan anns a’ mhèis
(b) gogan m, gen gogain, pl goganan
2 (geography) (a) lag m, gen luig, pl lagan. A rock basin, lag-creige
(b) lag-drèanaidh m, gen luig-dhrèanaidh, pl lagan-drèanaidh. A river basin, lag-drèanaidh aibhne
basis n 1 (a) bunait m & f, pl bunaitean. Awareness of letter sequence will be a basis for understanding of wordbanks, bidh mothachadh air òrdugh litrichean na bhunait airson tuigse air bancaichean fhaclan. Such study might also form a basis for employment in the expanding range of media industries. Dh’fhaodadh a leithid seo de bheachdachadh a bhith na bhunait airson dreuchd a ghabhail ann an gnìomhachais nam meadhan, a tha a’ sìor leudachadh. Exploring the images of Gaelic-speaking communities will provide a basis for later work, bidh rannsachadh air na h-ìomhaighean de choimhearsnachdan Gàidhlig na bhunait do dh’obair a nithear a-rithist
(b) bonn m, gen & pl buinn. We have only one version of this song, the one in E, which is also the basis of the one in GC, chan eil againn ach aon innse air an òran seo, am fear ann an E, a tha na bhonn cuideachd aig an fhear ann an GC
(c) expressed with bonn m is bunait f. Stories, songs and legends, powerful oral bases of the culture, sgeulachdan, òrain is uirsgeulan, beul-aithris chumhachdach a tha aig bonn ’s aig bunait an dualchais
(d) bun m, gen buna or buin, pl buin or bunan
2 (a) stèidh f, gen stèidhe, pl stèidhean. It is the oral outcomes that will provide the main basis for thinking about experiences, ’s e cainnt-bheòil a’ phrìomh stèidh gus smaoineachadh mu nithean a dh’fhiosraich iad. The waiting-list is not operated on a first come, first served basis, chan eil an liosta-fheitheinh air a h-obrachadh air stèidh a’ chiad neach a thig, ’s e a’ chiad neach a gheibh riarach
(b) bonn-stèidh f, gen bonn-stèidhe, pl bonn-stèidhean. To use as a basis, a chleachdadh mar bhonn-stèidh
(c) bun-stèidh f, gen bun-stèidhe, pl bun-stèidhean
3 màthair-adhbhair f, gen màthar-adhbhair. Drawings which will be elaborated to provide detail and form the basis of a story, dealbhan a bhithear a’ leudachadh orra gus làn fhiosrachadh a thoirt seachad agus gus a bhith nam màthair-adhbhair aig stòiridh
on the basis of prep phr air bhonn (plus gen). Banks of materials organised on the basis of functions and notions or of topics, bancaichean de stuthan air an cur air dòigh air bhonn ghnìomhan agus smuaintean no air bhonn chuspairean
bask v i blian, vn blianadh m
basket n basgaid f, pl basgaidean
small-line basket n phr sgùlan m, gen sgùlain, pl sgùlanan
waste basket n phr basgaid-sgudail f, pl basgaidean-sgudail
basketball n ball-basgaid m, gen & pl buill-bhasgaid
basking shark n, see shark, basking n
Basque pr n Bascach m, gen & pl Bascaich
2 (language) Bascais f
bass n (music) beus m, pl beusan
bass (sea bass) n (Dicentrarchus labrax) 1 basan m, gen & pl basain
2 basan m mara, gen & pl basain mhara
bass, black n (Micropterus salmoides, M. dolomieui) basan m dubh, gen basain dhuibh, pl basain dubha
bass, largemouth n (Micropterus salmoides) basan m beul-mhòr, gen basain bheul-mhòir, pl basain bheul-mhòra
bass, rock n (Ambloplites rupestris) basan m creige, gen & pl basain chreige
bass, smallmouth n (Micropterus dolomieui) basan m beul-bheag, gen basain bheul-bhig, pl basain bheul-bheaga
bass a (music) beus
bastard n 1 bastard m, gen bastaird, pl bastardan. The bastard! am bastard!
2 neach m dìolain, pl daoine dìolain
bastard a 1 dìolain. A bastard child, leanabh dìolain
2 (botany) brèige. Bastard balm, lus-na-malla brèige
bastardy n dìolanas m, gen dìolanais
bat n (implement) bata m, pl bataichean
off your own bat adv phr de t’ùghdarras fhèin. He did it off his own bat, rinn e de ùghdarras fhèin e
bat n (creature) ialtag f, gen ialtaig, pl ialtagan. There’s a bat flying about the tree, tha ialtag ag itealaich mun chraoibh. Just in the darkening, the bats used to be out, dìreach anns a’ chiarachadh bhiodh na h-ialtagan a-muigh
bat, Bechstein’s n (Myotis bechsteini) ialtag f Bechstein, gen ialtaig Bechstein, pl ialtagan Bechstein
bat, Daubenton’s n (Myotis daubentoni) ialtag f Daubenton, gen ialtaig Daubenton, pl ialtagan Daubenton
bat, horseshoe, greater n (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum) ialtag f chrudha-eich mhòr, gen ialtaig crudha-eich mòire, pl ialtagan crudha-eich mòra
bat, horseshoe, lesser n (Rhinolophus hipposideros) ialtag f chrudha-eich bheag, gen ialtaig crudha-eich bige, pl ialtagan crudha-eich beaga
bat, Leisler’s n (Nyctalus leisleri) ialtag f Leisler, gen ialtaig Leisler, pl ialtagan Leisler
bat, long-eared, brown n (Plecotus auritus) ialtag f fhad-chluasach dhonn, gen ialtaig fad-chluasaich duinne, pl ialtagan fad-chluasach donna
bat, long-eared, grey n (Plecotus austriacus) ialtag f fhad-chluasach ghlas, gen ialtaig fad-chluasaich glaise, pl ialtagan fad-chluasach glasa
bat, mouse-eared, greater n (Myotis myotis) ialtag f luch-cluasach mhòr, gen ialtaig luch-cluasaich mòire, pl ialtagan luch-cluasach mòra
bat, Natterer’s n (Myotis nattereri) ialtag f Natterer, gen ialtaig Natterer, pl ialtagan Natterer
bat, noctule n (Nyctalus noctula) ialtag f noctula, gen ialtaig noctula, pl ialtagan noctula
bat, pond n (Myotis dasycneme) ialtag f òb, gen ialtaig òb, pl ialtagan òb
bat, whiskered n (Myotis mystacinus) ialtag f mholach, gen ialtaig molaich, pl ialtagan molach
batch n 1 grunnan m, gen grunnain, pl grunnanan
2 baidse m, pl baidseachan
3 dòrlach m, gen & pl dòrlaich
bath n 1 (a) amar-ionnlaid m, gen amair-ionnlaid, pl amaran-ionnlaid
(b) amar m, gen amair, pl amaran
2 tuba m & f, pl tubannan. You’re in the bath, tha thu anns an tuba. Are you going in the bath? a bheil thu a’ dol anns an tuba?
3 expressed with faithrigeadh vn, or failceadh vn. It’s bath night tonight, seo an oidhche bhios tu a’ dèanamh t’fhaithrigeadh
have a bath, take a bath v phr 1 (a) (i) bi gad fhaithrigeadh. I’m having a bath, tha mi gam fhaithrigeadh. You’ll have to have a bath, feumaidh tu t’fhaithrigeadh. She has a bath every night before she goes to bed, bidh i ga faithrigeadh a h-uile h-oidhche mus tèid i a laighe
(ii) bi gad fhailceadh
(b) dèan t’fhaithrigeadh, vn dèanamh t’fhaithrigeadh. I think I’ll take a bath, cha chreid mi nach dèan mi m’fhaithrigeadh
2 expressed with tuba m & f. She has a bath every night before she goes to bed, bidh i anns an tuba a h-uile h-oidhche mus tèid i a laighe
bathe I v tr 1 (a) faithrig, vn faithrigeadh m
(b) failc, vn failceadh m
2 ionnlaid, vn ionnlad m. Bathe it with a little clean water, dean ionnlad le beagan uisge ghlain
II bathe v i 1 (a) bi gad fhaithrigeadh. We were bathing in the sea, bha sinn gar faithrigeadh anns a’ mhuir
(b) bi gad fhailceadh
2 dèan t’fhaithrigeadh, vn dèanamh t’fhaithrigeadh
bathroom n seòmar-ionnlaid m, gen seòmair-ionnlaid, pl seòmraichean-ionnlaid
baton n 1 batan m, gen batain, pl batain, batanan
2 (policeman’s) siulpan m, gen siulpain, pl siulpanan
battalion n 1 cath-bhuidheann f, gen cath-bhuidhne, pl cath-bhuidhnean
2 batailian m, gen & pl bataliain. Fourth Battalion, Seaforth Highlanders, a’ Cheathramh Batalian, na Sìophortaich
batter v tr 1 pronn, vn pronnadh m
2 slac or slaic, vn slacadh
3 (by wind, of plants) bi a’ labradh. The wind is battering the plants, tha a’ ghaoth a’ labradh nam planndais
battering n 1 pronnadh m, gen pronnaidh
2 (by wind, of plants) labradh m, gen labraidh. The daffodils will be getting a battering tonight, bidh lusan a’ chroma-chinn a’ faighinn an labradh a-nochd
battery n bataraidh m, pl bataraidhean. Inside these large buildings are rows of cages called batteries, am broinn nan togalaichean mòra seo tha sreathan de cheidsichean air a bheil bataraidhean.
battery mod bataraidh. Battery houses, taighean bataraidh
battle n 1 (a) blàr m, gen blàir, pl blàir, blàran. They won the battle, bhuannaich iad am blàr. How an account of a battle differs from a description of the life cycle of a butterfly, mar tha cunntas air blàr eadar-dhealaichte o iomradh air cearcall-beatha dealain-dè
(b) blàr-cogaidh m, gen & pl blàir-chogaidh
2 cath m, gen catha, pl cathan, cathannan. In battle array, an òrdugh catha
3 batail, batal m, pl batailean. They have battles on the phone, bidh batailean aca air a’ fòn
battle royal n phr expressed with blàr m nan con, gen blàir nan con. They had a right battle royal, bha fìor bhlàr nan con aca
fight a battle v phr 1 cuir cath, vn cur catha
2 cuir blàr, vn cur blàir. The first battle they fought, a’ chiad bhlàr a chuir iad
battle-cry n gaoir-chatha f, gen gaoire-catha, pl gaoirean-catha
bauxite n (mineralogy) bàicsit f
bawdy a 1 drabasta
2 (a) rapach, comp rapaiche
(b) salach, comp salaiche
3 (a) siùrsachail
(b) shiùrsach
bawl v 1 (cry, also low loudly, of cattle) ràn, vn rànail m. The baby is bawling, tha an leanabh a’ rànail. The cattle are bawling, tha an crodh a’ rànail
2 glaodh, vn glaodhaich m
3 (shout) (a) bi a’ sgarbhail f
(b) expressed with sgarbhail f. What are you bawling like that for? dè an sgarbhail a th’ ort?
4 (low loudly) (a) bi a’ beucail
(b) expressed with beucail f. What’s the cow bawling for? dè a’ bheucail a th’ air a’ bhò?
5 bi a’ ràcail. I can hear a lamb bawling, tha mi a’ cluinntinn uan a’ ràcail
bay n 1 camas m, gen camais, pl camais, camasan. There’s a bay below the cliff, tha camas fo na creagan
2 lùb f, gen lùibe, pl lùban. The boat’s out in the bay, tha an t-eathar a-muigh air an lùb
3 òb m, gen òba, pl òban
4 bàgh m, gen bàigh, pl bàghan, bàghannan. They were gathering seaweed in the bay, bha iad a’ cruinneach feamainn anns a’ bhàgh
bay n (of hound) tabhann m, gen tabhainn
bay v i tabhainn, vn tabhainnich, tabhannaich f. They were baying at the moon, bha iad a’ tabhannaich ris a’ ghealaich
bayonet n beugaileid f, pl beugaileidean
be v i 1 (substantive verb) (a) bi. I am tired, tha mi sgìth. I’m here, tha mi an seo. Are you there? a bheil thu an sin? She is busy, tha i trang. Are you well? a bheil thu gu math? The dog is under the table, tha an cù fon bhòrd. They are eating it, tha iad ga ithe. There’s no doubt about it, chan eil teagamh ma dheidhinn. There’s no doubt it’s a special place, chan eil teagamh nach e àite sònraichte a th’ ann. It’s as well to be quiet, tha cho math a bhith sàmhach. The house is being tiled, thathar a’ cur an sglèat air an taigh. Are the clocks changed tonight? a bheilear a’ sioftadh na h-uairean a-nochd? Will you be coming? — yes, am bi thu a’ tighinn? — bithidh. She’ll be going there, bidh i a’ dol ann. Who’s coming? cò bhios a’ tighinn? They’ll be building them next year, bithear gan togail an ath bhliadhna. Does one put salt in? am bithear a’ cur salainn ann? People say such things, bithear ag ràdh a leithid. Perhaps things are being moved, dh’fhaodadh gum bithear a’ sioftadh rud. I was there, bha mi ann. He wasn’t there, cha robh esan ann. He got so stocky that you could hardly believe it was him, dh’fhàs e cho tiugh is cha mhòr gun creideadh tu gur h-e bh’ ann. If they hadn’t been at home what would have happened, mur an robh iadsan aig an taigh dè bha air èirigh. They aren’t so friendly here today as they used to be, chan eil iad cho càirdeil a seo an diugh is a bhathar. You wouldn’t be long before you’d be tired, cha bhiodh tu fada mas biodh tu sgìth. He had an easy life compared to how he’d have been here, bha beò socrach aige an taca ri mar bhiodh e seo. If I hadn’t been strong I couldn’t have stood it, mur bithinn làidir cha sheasainn e. Even though he were a Christian he might go astray, ged a bhiodh e na Chrìosdaidh dh’fhaodadh e dhol air sheacharan. Nests would be being built, bhite a’ dèanamh nead. Let it be like that, mar sin bitheadh e. If I move that, the pots will be down on top of you, ma ghluaiseas mi sin tha na poitean a-bhàn air do mhuin
(b) (i) bi plus an prep. When I was a boy, nuair a bha mi nam bhalach. She is a teacher, tha i na tidsear. The teacher will be a model, bidh an tidsear fhèin na eisimpleir. I was sitting on the chair, bha mi nam shuidhe air an t-sèithear. Look, cover, write, check is one example from several, tha seall, còmhdaich, sgrìobh, dearbh na aon eisimpleir a-mach à grunnan. Understand questions about what something is, ceistean a thuigsinn mu dè a tha ann an rud àraidh
(ii) bi plus ann prep pron. Let there be light, bitheadh solas ann. There are midges (about), tha a’ mheanbhchuileag ann. There is actually such a word as it, tha a leithid a dh’fhacal ann ris cheana. There should be agreement across the curriculum, tha còir aig aonta a bhith ann feadh a’ chlàir-theagaisg
(c) expressed with bi plus mar (lenites). Situations where Gaelic is the language of the home and the community, suidhichidhean anns a bheil a’ Ghàidhlig mar chànain na dachaigh agus na coimhearsnachd. Such talk should be a natural part of class activities, tha còir aig labhairt den t-seòrsa seo a bhith mar phàirt nàdarra de dh’obair a’ chlas. The socio-economic reasons should also be an aspect of history, tha còir cuideachd na h-adhbhair shòiseo-eacanomaigeach a bhith mar mheur de dh’eachdraidh. Newspapers should be everyday features of the work of the classroom. bu chòir do phàipearan-naidheachd a bhith mar phàirt de dh’obair làitheil an ruim-theagaisg
(d) expressed with bi plus air. Draw a plan to show what shape you think it is, dèan plana a’ sealltainn a’ chumaidh a shaoileas tu a th’ air
(e) expressed with bi plus agus. They should consider whether the text is likely to challenge, tha còir aca beachdachadh air co-dhiùbh a tha an teacsa agus coltas air gun toir e dùbhlan
(f) expressed with bi plus a’ cleachdadh. Texts will be fiction and non-fiction, bidh teacsaichean ficsein agus fìorsgeoil gan cleachdadh
(g) expressed with bi plus a’ cur. The main emphasis will be on securing the best conditions for pupils’ learning, bithear a’ cur prìomh chudthroim air na suidhichidhean as fheàrr a ghabhas cruthachadh airson clann a bhith ag ionnsachadh
(h) expressed with bi plus a’ gabhail a-staigh. But culture is more than language and literature. It is also, for example, history, music, and the visual arts, ach chan e dualchas idir cànain agus litreachas a-mhàin. Tha e a’ gabhail a-staigh cuideachd, mar eisimpleir, eachdraidh, ceòl, agus lèir-ealdhain
(i) expressed with bi plus a’ dol. The assumption was that use needed to be preceded by knowledge, bha am beachd a’ dol gum feumadh eòlas a bhith ann mus bitheadh an cleachdadh ann
(j) expressed with bi plus ri fhaotainn. There should be Gaelic versions of all official documents, bu chòir gum bitheadh sgrìobhainnean oifigeil air fad rim faotainn ann an tionndadh Gàidhlig
2 (copula) (a) is, bu. At first, the audience will be teacher or parent, aig toiseach cùise, ’s e an tidsear no pàrant an luchd-amais. The first paragraph of a ghost story is where you make it feel like an eerie place, ’s e a’ chiad pharagraf de sgeulachd mu thaibhsean far a bheil thu ga dhèanamh coltach ri àite uamhalta. The principal criteria in setting attainment targets is whether the attainment of particular targets is educationally valid, b’ e am prìomh chomharra-stiùiridh ann a bhith a’ suidheachadh Cuimsean Coileanaidh co-dhiù tha coileanadh chuimsean sònraichte iomchaidh a thaobh foghlaim
(b) ’s e … a tha ann an…. Soft, slow and loud are simple terms, ’s e briathran sìmplidh a tha ann an sèimh, mall, agus cruaidh. Letter and word are terms which pupils will encounter first in their reading, ’s e briathran a tha ann an litir agus facal a bhitheas a’ chlann a’ coinneachadh riutha an toiseach nan cuid leughaidh
(c) ’s e a tha ann an … ach…. A strand is a sequence of targets in a key aspect of skills, ’s e a tha ann an ‘iall’ ach sreath de chuimsean ann an earrainn chudthromaich air choireigin de sgilean. Gaelic is a living, growing language, ’s e tha anns a’ Ghàidhlig ach cànain bheò, agus cànain a tha a’ fàs
(d) ’s e as. The main aim in learning Gaelic is that pupils should be able to communicate effectively in that language, ’s e as prìomh amas ann a bhith ag ionnsachadh na Gàidhlig comas a bhith aig a’ chloinn conaltradh a dhèanamh gu dòigheil anns a’ chànain sin
(e) ’s ann. The second means by which additional demand can be made is through independent learning, an dàrna dòigh air barrachd iarraidh air cloinn ’s ann tro ionnsachadh neo-eisimeileach
(f) expressed with is copula plus gu. Producing a re-draft (which may be the final copy), a’ toirt ath-dhreachd gu buil (agus is dòcha gur e seo an dreachd chrìochnaichte)
present tense of verb “to be” in English expressed in Gaelic with present tense of copula (plus present tense of substantive verb where appropriate). It’s him, ’s e th’ ann. It’s not him, chan e th’ ann. I think Donald is a great support to the church as well, cha chreid mi nach e taic mhòr don eaglais a tha an Dòmhnall cuideachd
future tense of verb “to be” in English expressed in Gaelic with present tense of copula (plus future tense of substantive verb when present). It’ll be him, ’s e bhios ann. It won’t be him, chan e bhios ann. It’ll be easier for me to stay at the church, ’s fhasa dhomh fuireach aig an eaglais
past tense of verb “to be” in English (a) expressed in Gaelic with past tense of copula (plus past tense of substantive verb when present). It wasn’t her, cha b’ i bh’ ann. It was nothing at all for a sheep to be lost for two years, cha bu rud sam bith caora a bhith air chall dà bhliadhna
(b) expressed in Gaelic with present tense of copula (plus past tense of substantive verb when present). It was her, ’s i bh’ ann. It was in the winter, ’s ann anns a’ gheamhradh a bh’ ann. Since it wasn’t her herself who made them, bho nach e i fhèin a rinn aid
3 substantive verb bi used like copula (a) with words or phrases expressing time. You’re time enough, tha thu tìde gu leòr. It won’t be long till the twelfth day comes, cha bhi fad ’s gun tig an dusanamh latha. They were a fortnight without seeing a drop of rain, bha iad cola-deug gun bhoinne uisge fhaicinn. He’s in the teens of months anyway, tha e deugnachadh mhìosan co-dhiù
(b) with other words or phrases. Ann — that was my grandmother, Anna — bha sin mo sheanmhair. That’s five people, tha sin còigear. That was just craftiness, cha robh sin ach an t-seòltachd. It was going to be an awful money, bha e gu bhith airgead uamhasach. He doesn’t need to think he’ll be what he was at sixty, cha ruig e leas a bhith an dùil gum bi e an rud a bha e aig trì fichead
4 expressed with gabh a-steach, vn gabhail m a-steach. Such work can be independent group discussion, faodaidh obair den t-seòrsa seo gabhail a-steach beachdachadh le buidhinn air an ceann fhèin
5 expressed with faigh vn faighinn f. There is also a sense of purpose and structure since the creation of media products involves the children in learning skills, gheibh a’ chlann mothachadh cuideachd air adhbhar agus air structar, a chionn le bhith a’ cruthachadh adhbhair-mheadhain tha iad gan cur an greim ann a bhith a’ togail sgilean
6 (with adj) expressed with neg plus ach plus a. These responses will be simple and uncritically accepted, cha bhi na freagairtean seo ach sìmplidh agus gabhar riutha gun cheist
7 not directly expressed. But who was she? ach cò ì? They didn’t ask who I was, cha d’fhaighnich iad cò mi. She was very nicely the other day, and she was so cheerful, bha i glè shnog an latha roimhe, agus i cho fonnail. I wouldn’t like to be him, cha bu toigh leam a bhith na àite
be among those, the (persons) v phr expressed with bi air an fheadhainn. He was amongst those who came, bha e air an fheadhainn a thàinig
be among the first ones, persons v phr expressed with air a’ chiad fheadhainn. My father was among the first ones to go, chaidh m’athair ann air a’ chiad fheadhainn
be as much as (one) can do v phr, see sv do v
be one of v phr expressed with air neach (fear, tè) de. My mother was one of those, bha mo mhàthair air neach dhiubha sin. My father was one of the first ones, bha m’athair air fear den cheud fheadhainn. He was one of those who left, bha e air neach de na dh’fhàg. John is one of that kind, tha Iain air fear den t-seòrsa sin. Britain is now one of the world leaders in this field, tha Breatainn a-nis air tè de na dùthchannan as adhartaiche san t-saoghal sa chùis seo
be the first one, person v phr expressed with air a’ chiad neach or air a’ chiad fhear. Peggy was the first one to rise, dh’èirich Peigi air a’ chiad neach. She was the first one to go out, chaidh ise a-mach air a’ chiad neach. She was the first person I saw coming, chunnaic mi a’ tighinn i, air a’ chiad fhear
if it wasn’t for v phr. See sv if conj
being n 1 bith f, gen bithe, pl bithean
2 (person) (a) creutair m, pl creutairean
(b) neach m
being participle a bhith. Pupils could be encouraged to undertake different roles, for example being a secretary, dh’fhaoidte misneachadh a dhèanamh air a’ chloinn gus dleastanasan eadar-dhealaichte a ghabhail os làimh, m.e. a bhith nad rùnaire
being participle in passive constructions 1 expressed with impersonal form of bi : see above (at 1 (a)) for exx
2 expressed with passive marker ar. He came without being asked, thàinig e gunar iarraidh air. This metre may be represented by the following formula, without some lines which have an unstressed syllable more or less being included, dh’fhaoidte a’ mheadrachd seo riochdachadh leis an fhoirmle a leanas, gunar corra sreath air a bheil lide gun chudthrom a dhìth no bharrachd a ghabhail a-steach
3 expressed with bhith. I never heard a question like that being asked before, cha chuala mi a bhith a’ faighneachd ceist mar sin a-riamh roimhe. Pupil tastes and choice will be developed by being encouraged to justify preferences and choices, gheibh roghainnean agus taghadh chloinne cothrom fàis le bhith air am misneachadh gu roghainnean agus taghaidhean a dhearbhadh
are being (plus adjective) v phr : the word “being” is not directly expressed in Gaelic. We’re being good, tha sinn math. Are you being good today? a bheil sibh buidhe an diugh? I was being good, bha mi buidhe. Be quiet! – I’m being quiet, bi sàmhach! — thà mi sàmhach. He wasn’t being very reasonable, cha robh e glè reusanta
have been v phr 1 sometimes expressed with bha. He has been good, bha e math. Have you been good? robh thu math?
2 sometimes expressed with tha. I’m just depressed with everything that has been happening, tha mise dubhach leis a h-uile rud a th’ ann
beach n 1 tràigh f, gen tràighe, tràghad, pl tràighean, tràghannan. We’ll go to the beach, thèid sinn chon na tràighe or thèid sinn chon na tràghad
2 cladach m, gen cladaich, pl cladaichean
3 (shingly) mol m, gen moil, mola, pl molan
beacon n 1 teine-rabhaidh m, pl teintean-rabhaidh
2 leus-mara m, gen & pl leòis-mhara
bead n grìogag f, gen grìogaig, pl grìogagan
beads, prayer-beads n pl paidirean m, gen paidirin, pl paidirinean
beagle n tòlair m beag, gen tòlair bhig, pl tòlairean beaga
beak n gob m, gen guib, pl guib, goban
beaker n bìocar m, gen bìocair, pl bìocaran
beak-sedge, brown n (Rhynchospora fusca) gob-sheisg f dhonn, gen gob-sheisge duinne
beak-sedge, white n (Rhynchospora alba) gob-sheisg f gheal, gen gob-sheisge gile
beam n 1 (in house) (a) sail f, pl sailean or sailthean
(b) (crossbeam) spàrr m, gen sparra, pl sparran
2 (apparatus) crann m, gen & pl crainn
3 (of loom) (a) gàrmainn f, pl gàrmainnean
(b) garmainn-uchd f, pl garmainnean-uchd
4 (light) (a) gath m, pl gathan or gathannan
(b) boillsgeadh m, gen boillsgidh, pl boillsgidhean
beam v i 1 deàlraich, vn deàlradh m
2 boillsg, vn boillsgeadh m
3 (smile) bi plus faite-gàire ort
beam-balance n stailleart m, gen stailleirt, pl stailleartan
bean n pònair f, gen pònarach, pl pònairean. There are beans on the floor, tha pònairean air an làr. What big beans these are, dè na pònairean mòra tha seo
beans n pl pònair f, gen pònarach. Do you eat beans? an ith thu pònair? Broad beans, pònair leathan. Butter beans, pònair mhòr. Kidney beans, pònair àirneach. Runner beans, pònair ruithe. Soya beans, pònair shoighe
full of beans a phr glè bheothail. She is full of beans today, tha i glè bheothail an diugh
without a bean, gun sgillinn ruadh. I haven’t got a bean, chan eil sgillinn ruadh agam
bear n 1 mathan m, gen & pl mathain
2 math-ghamhainn m, gen math-ghamhna, pl math-ghamhainnean
bear, American black n (Ursus americanus) mathan m dubh Ameireaganach, gen mathain dhuibh Ameireaganaich, pl mathain dhubha Ameireaganach
bear, brown n (Ursus arctos) mathan m donn, gen mathain dhuinn, pl mathain dhonna
bear, Himalayan black n (Selanarctos thibetanus) mathan m dubh Himalaidheanach, gen mathain dhuibh Himalaidheanaich, pl mathain dhubha Himalaidheanach
bear, polar n (Thalarctos maritimus) mathan m bàn, gen mathain bhàin, pl mathain bàna
bear v tr & i 1 beir, vn breith f. She bore a son, rug i mac
2 giùlain, vn giùlan m. It bears more fruit that way, tha e a’ giùlan còrr toraidh mar sin. They bore them away, ghiùlain iad air falbh iad
3 fuiling, vn fulang m. I can’t bear them near me, chan fhuiling mi iad faisg orm
4 gabh, vn gabhail m. It would certainly bear enquiry, ghabhadh e cnuasachd ceart gu leòr
bear down on v i phr tarraing dìreach air, vn tarraing dìreach air. They were bearing down on us, bha iad a’ tarraing dìreach òirnn
bear false witness v phr 1 thoir fianais bhrèige, vn toirt fianais brèige
2 tog fianais bhrèige, vn togail fianais brèige. They bore false witness against her, thog iad fianais bhrèige na h-aghaidh
bear in mind v phr 1 cùm cuimhne air, vn cumail cuimhne air. Teachers should read this section bearing in mind the statement in Part 3, ann a bhith a’ leughadh na h-earrainn seo, bu chòir do luchd-teagaisg cuimhne a chumail air na chanar ann am Pàirt 3. That they must bear in mind the purpose of the audience, gum feum iad cuimhne a chumail air adhbhar an luchd-èisteachd
2 thoir aire do, vn toirt aire do. They will be constructed bearing in mind the above principles, cuirear iad air dòigh le aire thoirt do na prionnsabalan a chaidh an ainmeachadh
bear out v phr (confirm) dearbh, vn dearbhadh m. That bears out what I said before, tha sin a’ dearbhadh na thuirt mi roimhe
bear up v phr tog ort, vn togail ort
bear with v phr 1 cuir suas le, vn cur suas le. We’ll have to bear with it, feumaidh sinn cur suas leis. I have borne with you long enough already, tha mi air cur suas leat fada gu leòr mar-thà
2 expressed with foighidinn f. If you’ll just bear with me for a minute, ma bhios foighidinn agaibh rium mionaid. We must bear with one another, feumaidh sinn foighidinn a bhith againn ri cach a chèile
bear witness v phr 1 thoir fianais, vn toirt fianais
2 tog fianais, vn togail fianais
bring to bear v phr 1 leig air, vn leigeil air. We brought our minds to bear on it, leig sinn ar n-inntinn air. He brought his mind to bear on the problem, leig e inntinn air a’ cheist. He brought all his strength to bear on the lever, leig e uile neart air an luamhan
2 expressed with thig air, vn tighinn air. We brought considerable pressure to bear on him to do it, thàinig sinn gu math cruaidh air gus a dhèanamh
can bear, could bear (can, could put up with) v phr 1 expressed with fuilingidh, dh’fhuilingeadh respectively. We can’t bear it, chan fhuiling sinn e. Sometimes you couldn’t bear your clothes on, the house was so warm, uaireannan chan fhuilingeadh tu do chuid aodaich, bha an taigh cho blàth
2 expressed with faod, dh’fhaodadh respectively. She couldn’t bear to see it (anywhere) near her, chan fhaodadh i fhaicinn air a sùilean
bearing n 1 (direction, navigation) (a) cùrsa m, pl cùrsaichean. We lost our bearings, chaill sinn ar cùrsa
(b) cùrsa-cèarna m, pl cùrsaichean-ceàrna. He took a bearing on the mountain, thomhais e an cùrsa-ceàrna chun na beinne
2 ceangal m, gen ceangail. What bearing does that have on the subject? dè an ceangal a tha aig a sin ris a’ chùis?
3 gnothach m, gen gnothaich. That has no bearing on it, chan eil gnothach aig a sin ris
lose your bearings v phr also expressed with 1 rach air chall, vn dol air chall
2 rach air seachran, vn dol air seachran
bearberry n (botany) (Arctostaphylos spp.) 1 (a) grainnseag f, gen grainnseig, pl grainnseagan
(b) cnàimhseag f, gen cnàimhseig, pl cnàimhseagan. The Knoll of the Bearberries, Cnoc nan Cnàimhseag (place-name)
2 braoileag f, gen braoileig, pl braoileagan
bearberry, black n (Arctostaphylos alpina) grainnseag f dhubh, gen grainnseig duibhe, pl grainnseagan dubha
bearberry, red n (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi) grainnseag f dhearg, gen grainnseig deirge, pl grainnseagan dearga
beard n 1 feusag f, gen feusaig, pl feusagan. He has a beard, tha feusag air. A full beard, feusag dhùinte
2 (of grain-crop) calg m, gen cuilg
beard v tr thoir aghaidh air, vn toirt aghaidh air. We’ll have to beard him sometime, feumaidh sinn aghaidh a thoirt air uaireigin
bearded a 1 feusagach, comp feusagaiche
2 (botany) feusagach. Bearded bellflower flùr-cluigeanach feusagach
beard-grass, annual n (Polypogon monspeliensis) feur-feusaig m bliadhnail, gen feòir-fheusaig bhliadhnail
beard-grass, perennial n (( Agropogon littoralis) feur-feusaig m iol-bliadhnail, gen feòir-fheusaig iol-bhliadhnail
bearer n neach-giùlain m, gen neach-ghiùlain, pl luchd-giùlain (of, air). I never liked to be a bearer of bad news, cha bu chaomh lium a-riamh a bhith nam neach-giùlain air droch naidheachd
beast n 1 beathach m, gen beathaich, pl beathaichean. She’s a nice for a young beast, tha i snog de bheathach òg. They were like wild beasts, bha iad cleas beathaichean fiadhaich
2 ainmhidh m, pl ainmhidhean. The man was a danger to man and beast on the road, bha an duine na chunnart do dhuine is ainmhidh air an rathad
3 (a) biast f, gen bèiste, pl biastan
(b) bèist f, gen bèiste, pl bèistean
4 brùid m, pl brùidean
beastie n biastag f, gen biastaig, pl biastagan
beastly a 1 ainmheil. He was beastly to him, bha e ainmheil dha. He was beastly and boorish, bha e ainmheil ùmadail (saying)
2 biastail
beat n buille f, pl buillean. The beats of the music, buillean a’ chiùil. My heart-beat, buille mo chridhe
beat v tr 1 buail, vn bualadh m. They beat me, bhuail iad mi. They were beating at the door, bha iad a’ bualadh aig an doras
2 gabh air, vn gabhail air. They were beating him with sticks, bha iad a’ gabhail air le slatan
3 (a) (i) dèan an gnothach air, vn dèanamh a’ ghnothaich air. We beat you, rinn sinn an gnothach oirbh
(ii) dèan a’ chùis air, vn dèanamh na cùise air
(b) bèat, vn bèatadh m. We beat you, bhéat sinn sibh
beat back v phr brùth air ais, vn bruthadh air ais
beat down v phr 1 brùth sìos, vn bruthadh sìos
2 (of price) thoir sìos, vn toirt sìos. I finally beat him down to a pound, thug mi sìos mu dheireadh gu not e
beat it, thoir do chasan leat ; also teich às a seo
beat up v phr dèan droch dhìol air, vn dèanamh droch dhìol air. They beat him up badly, rinn iad fìor dhroch dhìol air
beaten a 1 air a bhualadh
2 air a bhèatadh
3 (of food) (a) air a thogail
(b)air obrachadh. Beaten eggs, uighean air an obrachadh
beating n 1 bualadh m, gen bualaidh
2 gabhail m air
3 pronnadh m, gen pronnaidh, pl pronnaidhean. Many’s the beating he got as a boy, ’s iomadh pronnadh a fhuair e na bhalach
dead beat a phr 1 anns an toirt thairis. I’m dead beat tonight, tha mi anns an toirt thairis a-nochd
2 expressed with cho sgìth ris a’ chù. You look dead beat, tha thu a’ coimhead cho sgìth ris a’ chù
Beaton pr n 1 (male) (a) (i) Beuton, gen Bheutoin. Murdo Beaton, Murchadh Beuton. Mr Murdo Beaton, Mgr Murchadh Beuton. Murdo Beaton’s house, taigh Mhurchaidh Bheutoin
(ii) Peuton, gen Pheutoin. Murdo Beaton, Murchadh Peuton. Mr Murdo Beaton, Mgr Murchadh Peuton. Murdo Beaton’s house, taigh Mhurchaidh Pheutoin
(b) (i) expressed with Beutonach, gen Bheutonaich, pl Beutonaich. Murdo Beaton, Murchadh Beutonach. Mr Murdo Beaton, Mgr Murchadh Beutonach. Murdo Beaton’s house, taigh Mhurchaidh Bheutonaich. He’s a Beaton, ’s e Beutonach a th’ ann. He’s of the Beatons, ’s ann de na Beutonaich a tha e. I was talking to Beaton or to Mr Beaton, bha mi bruidhinn ris a’ Bheutonach
(ii) expressed with Peutonach, gen Pheutonaich, pl Peutonaich. Murdo Beaton, Murchadh Peutonach. Mr Murdo Beaton, Mgr Murchadh Peutonach. Murdo Beaton’s house, taigh Mhurchaidh Pheutonaich. He’s a Beaton, ’s e Peutonach a th’ ann. He’s of the Beatons, ’s ann de na Peutonaich a tha e. I was talking to Beaton or to Mr Beaton, bha mi bruidhinn ris a’ Pheutonach
2 (female) (a) (maiden name) (i) Bheuton. Ann Beaton, Anna Bheuton. Ann Beaton’s house, taigh Anna Bheuton
also Pheuton. Ann Beaton, Anna Pheuton. Ann Beaton’s house, taigh Anna Pheuton
(ii) expressed with Bheutonach. Ann Beaton, Anna Bheutonach. Ann Beaton’s house, taigh Anna Bheutonach
also expressed with Pheutonach. Ann Beaton, Anna Pheutonach. Ann Beaton’s house, taigh Anna Pheutonach
also expressed with Beutonach m, gen Bheutonaich, pl Beutonaich. She’s a Beaton, ’s e Beutonach a th’ innte. She’s of the Beatons, ’s ann de na Beutonaich a tha i
also expressed with Peutonach m, gen Pheutonaich, pl Peutonaich. She’s a Beaton, ’s e Peutonach a th’ innte. She’s of the Beatons, ’s ann de na Peutonaich a tha i
(b) (married name) (i) expressed with Bean plus gen of husband’s name. Mrs Murdo Beaton, Bean Mhurchaidh Bheuton or Bean Mhurchaidh Pheuton, or Bean Mhurchaidh Bheutonaich or Bean Mhurchaidh Pheutonaich. I was talking to Mrs Beaton, bha mi bruidhinn ri Bean a’ Bheutonaich or Bean a’ Pheutonaich
(ii) expressed with A’ Bhean-Phòsta or A’ Bh-Ph, gen na Mnà-Pòsta, plus husband’s surname, lenited. Mrs Ann Beaton, A’ Bh-Ph Anna Bheuton or A’ Bh-Ph Anna Pheuton, or A’ Bh-Ph Anna Bheutonach or A’ Bh-Ph Anna Pheutonach
Beaufort Scale pr n Sgèile f Beaufort
calm n (force 0) fèath m, gen fèatha, pl fèathan
light air n phr (force 1) èadhar f aotrom, gen èadhair aotruim, pl èadharan aotrom
light breeze n phr (force 2) oiteag f aotrom, gen oiteig aotruim, pl oiteagan aotram
gentle breeze n phr (force 3) oiteag f shocair, gen oiteig socair, pl oiteagan socair
moderate breeze n phr (force 4) oiteag f chuimseach, gen oiteig cuimsich, pl oiteagan cuimseach
fresh breeze n phr (force 5) oiteag f bheothail, gen oiteig beothail, pl oiteagan beothail
strong breeze n phr (force 6) oiteag f làidir, oiteig làidir, pl oiteagan làidir
moderate gale n phr (force 7) gèile cuimseach, gen gèile chuimsich, pl gèileachan cuimseach
fresh gale n phr (force 8) gèile m beothail, gen gèile bheothail, pl gèileachan beothail
strong gale n phr (force 9) gèile m làidir, pl gèileachan làidir
whole gale n (force 10) làn-ghèile m, pl làn-ghèileacahn
storm n (force 11) stoirm f, gen stoirme, pl stoirmean
hurricane n (force 12) doineann f, gen doininn, pl doineannan
wind force n phr neart m gaoithe, gen neart gaoithe. A force five breeze, oiteag neart a còig. A force ten gale, or gale force ten, gèile neart a deich
Beauly pr n a’ Mhanachainn f, gen na Manachainn ; also Manachainn ’IcShimidh. The people of Beauly, muinntir na Manachainn
Beauly Priory pr n a’ Mhanachainn f, gen na Manachainn. We went to Beauly to see the remains of the priory there, chaidh sinn don Mhanachainn a dh’fhaicinn làrach na manachainn a sin
beautiful a 1 àlainn, comp àlainne. A beautiful day, latha àlainn. It’s a beautiful calm evening, ’s e feasgar àlainn ciùin a th’ ann
2 (a) àillidh
(b) àilleach, comp àilliche
3 brèagha, comp brèagh, comp brèagha, brèaighe. She’s beautiful, tha i brèagha. It’s a beautiful quiet and peaceful evening, ’s e feasgar brèagha socrach sèimh a th’ ann
4 bòidheach, comp bòidhche. His beautiful wife, a bhean bhòidheach
5 maiseach, comp maisiche
beautiful calm and sunny a phr àineil. It’s a beautiful, calm sunny day, tha i àineil an diugh
beauty n 1 àilleachd f. Her beauty was unequalled, bha a h-àilleachd gun chomas
2 àlainneachd f
3 bòidhchead f, gen bòidhcheid
4 maise f
5 sgèimh f, gen sgèimhe
beauty spot n phr (on skin, artificial or natural, ie mole) ball-seirce m, gen & pl buill-sheirce
beaver n 1 beathadach m, gen & pl beathadaich
2 bìobhar m, gen bìobhair, pl bìobharan
beaver, European n (Castor fiber) bìobhar m Eòrpach, gen bìobhair Eòrpaich, pl bìobharan Eòrpach
becalm v tr
becalmed a expressed with fèath f, gen fèatha. We were becalmed, thàinig fèath òirnn
because conj 1 a chionn gu, a chionn ’s gu. I drank it because I was thirsty, dh’òl mi i a chionn ’s gu robh am pathadh orm. Because language is central to children’s intellectual development, a chionn ’s gu bheil cànain ann an teis meadhan fàs chloinne a thaobh tuigse. Because writing is essential for communicating within society, a chionn ’s gu bheil sgrìobhadh èiseil dhuinn gus conaltradh a dhèanamh anns an t-saoghal mhòr. Because they would not do it, a chionn nach dèanadh iad e
2 (a) airson gu, airson ’s gu. I stayed in because it was wet, dh’fhuirich mi staigh airson ’s gu robh e fliuch
(b) expressed with airson. I think he was actually swearing because the boy was going there, cha chreid mi nach robh e a’ mionnan airson am balach a bhith a’ dol a siod
3 a thaobh ’s gu. I stayed in because it was wet, dh’fhuirich mi a-staigh a thaobh ’s gu robh e fliuch. I didn’t go because someone came to see me, cha deach mi ann a thaobh ’s gun tàinig neach-eigin a choimhead orm. I went home because it was getting late, chaidh mi dhachaigh a thaobh ’s gu robh e a’ fàs anmoch
4 do bhrìgh ’s gu. Because he did not go, do bhrìgh ’s nach deach e ann
5 oir. It is difficult to tell which is larger because one is nearer to you than the other, tha e duilich a ràdh dè as motha oir tha aon dhiubh nas fhaisge ort na am fear eile
6 bhon, on (plus rel). I didn’t eat anything today because I was sick, cha do dh’ith mi dad an diugh bhon a bha mi gu tinn. She’s sorry because she hears all those things, tha i duilich on tha i a’ cluinntinn rud is rud is rud
because of prep phr 1 airson (plus gen). I think he was actually swearing because of the boy’s going there, cha chreid mi nach robh e a’ mionnan airson am balach a bhith a’ dol a siod
2 air sgàth (plus gen). I can’t get away because of my work, chan fhaigh mi air falbh air sgàth m’obrach
3 air tàillibh (plus gen)
4 a thaobh (plus gen). The money she’s making because of the children, na tha i a’ dèanamh a dh’airgead a thaobh na cloinne
5 a bhrìgh, do bhrìgh (plus gen)
6 a chionn (plus gen)
7 a thoradh air (plus dat). Because of the medicines she’s getting, a thoradh air na stoi’fan a tha i a’ faighinn
8 mar chomachd ri or mar choimeachd ri (plus dat). She fell because of the ice, thuit i mar chomachd ris an deigh. I fell because of that rug, thuit mi mar chomachd ris an ruga a tha sin. She missed the bus because of you, chaill i am bus mar chomachd riut. It’s because of you I left it, ’s ann mar chomachd riutsa dh’fhàg mi e. You’ve a lot to put up with because of him, tha mòran agad ri cur suas ris mar chomachd ris. People suffer because of other people, tha feadhainn a’ fulang mar chomachd ri feadhainn eile. He lost a proportion of customers because of it as well, chaill e roinn chustamairean mar chomachd ris cuideachd
9 le (plus dat). It’s better than being in debt because of them, tha e nas fheàrr na a bhith ann am fiachan leotha. Donald will be upset because of his mother, bidh Dòmhnall air a chuir mu chuairt le ’mhàthair. He would maintain to me that he couldn’t do it because of his hand, chumadh e a-mach rium nach b’ urrainn e dhèanamh le làimh. She gave up because of the state of the road, leig i roimhpe le staid an ròid. She had enough trouble because its being leaky, fhuair i gu leòr a shàrachadh le e bhith aoideanach
10 expressed with coire f mhath. It’s (largely) because of it, tha coire mhath aige ris
beckon v tr smèid air, vn smèideadh air. She was beckoning to him, bha i a’ smèideadh air. He beckoned to me to come nearer to him, smèid e orm a thighinn na bu dhlùithe dha
become v i 1 (a) expressed with bi. That was before I became a father, bha siod mus robh mi nam athair. Drama gives pupils the confidence to become more able users of Gaelic, tha dràma a’ toirt misnich do chloinn a bhith a’ cleachdadh na Gàidhlig ann an dòigh nas comasaiche. Talking will become more structured, bidh barrachd òrduigh ga chur air labhairt. Their writing will develop and become more varied, bidh an sgrìobhadh aca a’ tighinn air adhart agus bidh barrachd sheòrsachan ann dheth
(b) expressed with gu bhith. It is also a matter of the gradual encouragement for the pupil to become an independent learner, tha e cuideachd a’ ciallachadh a bhith mean air mhean a’ misneachadh a’ phàiste gu bhith ag ionnsachadh air a cheann fhèin
2 (a) thig gu bhith, vn tighinn gu bhith. Which year did he become a sergeant? dè a’ bhliadhna a thàinig e gu bhith na sheàirdseant? Note making will become a regular practice, thig gabhail notaichean gu bhith na chleachdadh cunbhalach. An animal may become a focus for imagined events, faodaidh ainmhidh a thighinn gu bhith ann an teis mheadhan nithean a tha a’ tachairt anns a. mhac-mheanmna. A personal spelling book becomes a reference for the pupil, thig leabhar-litreachaidh pearsanta gu bhith na fhiosrachadh don phàiste. More rectangular structures were being built, and these became the preferred style of house, bha structaran eile na bu cheart-cheàrnaiche gan togail, agus thànaig iad seo gu bhith nan seòrsa taighe a bu roghnaiche le daoine
(b) expressed with thig, vn tighinn m. He became bald when he was young, thàinig a’ mhaoil-mhullaich air na òige
3 (a) expressed with rach, vn dol m. As pupils get older contexts for Listening will become more complex, mar a bhitheas a’ chlann a’ fàs nas sine bidh suidhichidhean Èisteachd a’ dol nas ioma-fhillte. Pupils of all abilities become involved in listening and reading, tha clann de gach comas a’ dol an sàs ann an èisteachd ’s ann an leughadh
(b) expressed with rach plus na etc (augmented preposition). It happened a year or two before I became a councillor, thachair e bliadhna no dhà mus deach mi nam chomhairliche. We’ll have to become members of this society then, feumaidh sinn a dhol nar ball den chomann seo a-rèist
4 (a) expressed with fàs, vn fàs m. It’s becoming cold, tha i a’ fàs fuar. He became better at it, dh’fhàs e na b’ fheàrr air. He became bald when he was young, dh’fhàs e maol na òige. Since accuracy of recall will become more important, seach gum bi e a’ fàs nas cudthromaiche a bhith a’ cuimhneachadh gu mionaideach. As texts become more demanding, mar a bhitheas na teacsaichean a’ fàs nas duilghe. As pupils become more confident readers and writers, mar a tha a’ chlann a’ fàs nas misneachaile ann an leughadh ’s ann an sgrìobhadh
(b) expressed with cinn, vn cinntinn m
5 expressed with faigh, vn faighinn f. The pupils can become aware of good role models, faodaidh a’ chlann mothachadh fhaighinn air deagh eisimpleirean gus an leantainn. As the pupils’ reading becomes less supported by illustrations, mar a bhitheas leughadh na cloinne a’ faighinn nas lugha de thaice o dhealbhan
6 expressed with dèan, vn dèanamh m. He’s becoming an old man, tha e a’ dèanamh bodach. It has become an awful pet, rinn e peata cianail. That peat bank, it became earth and it wasn’t any good latterly, am bac a tha sin, rinn e talamh agus cha robh feum ann mu dheireadh
7 (suit) (a) thig math do, vn tighinn math do. Does that become you? am math thig sin dhut?
(b) thig air, vn tighinn air. It does not become you, cha tig e ort
(c) is ion do. It becomes them to do that, is ion daibh sin a dhèanamh
8 not directly expressed. Clearly, the more able the pupil the greater become the opportunities for such assessment, tha e soilleir mar as comasaiche am pàiste gur ann as motha an cothrom air a leithid sin de mheasadh
become available v phr expressed with thig, vn tighinn m. Until appropriate resources become available, gus an tig goireasan freagarrach
become familiar with v phr cuir eòlas air, vn cur eòlais air. Such reading will help pupils become familiar with textual features, bidh leughadh den t-seòrsa seo na chuideachadh don chloinn gus eòlas a chur air nithean a bhuineas do theacsaichean
become involved in v phr expressed with bi. If schools decide that pupils for whom a Record of Needs has been opened should become involved in the system of assessment described here, ma tha sgoiltean a’ cur romhpa gum bi clann a tha na feuman aca gan clàradh air am measadh a rèir nan dòighean a tha air an comharrachadh an seo
become more extensive v phr rach am meud, vn dol am meud. The range of topics, social contexts and language will become more extensive, bidh na seòrsachan a tha ann de chuspairean, de shuidhichidhean sòisealta agus de chainnt a’ dol am meud
become of v phr èirich do, vn èirigh do. I don’t know what will become of us, chan eil fhios agam dè dh’ èireas dhuinn
bed n 1 leabaidh f, gen leapa, pl leapannan. At the head of the bed, aig ceann na leapa. At the foot of the bed, aig cas na leapa. He’s lying on his bed, tha e na laighe air a leabaidh. A feather bed, leabaidh itean. He took to his bed, thug e a leabaidh air. He got into bed, chaidh e a-steach don leabaidh. He got out of bed, dh’èirich e às a leabaidh. Bed and breakfast, leabaidh ’s bracaist
2 (of river) (a) leabaidh f, gen leapa, pl leapannan. The bed of the river, leabaidh na h-aibhne
(b) amar m, gen amair, pl amaran, amraichean. The bed of the river, amar na h-aibhne
bed linen n phr anart-leapa m, gen anairt-leapa
go to bed v phr 1 rach a laighe, vn dol a laighe ; also falbh a laighe, vn falbh a laighe. They’ve gone to bed, chaidh iad a laighe. I’m going to bed, tha mi a’ dol a laighe. She’s gone to bed, chaidh i a laighe. Then we’d go to bed, rachadh sinn a laighe a-rèiste. When I go to bed I’m as warm as though I were in an oven, nuair a thèid mi a laighe tha mi cho blàth ’s ged a bhithinn ann an àmhainn, It’ll be in your favour to go to bed early, bidh e nad fhàbhar a bhith a dol a laighe luath
2 laigh, vn laighe m & f. I was able to go to bed, fhuair mi cead laighe
3 thoir do leabaidh ort, vn toirt do leapa ort, toirt do leabaidh ort. It’s time for you to go to bed, tha e thìde dhut do leabaidh thoirt ort. I’ll be going to bed early, bidh mi a’ toirt mo leabaidh orm luath
in bed prep phr na laighe. I’m as comfortable as can be in bed, tha mi cho cofhurtail ’s a ghabhas nam laighe. Are you (pl) in bed? a bheil sibh nur laighe?
make the bed v phr càraich an leabaidh, vn càradh na leapa. Have you made the bed? an do chàraich thu an leabaidh? I’m making the bed, tha mi a’ càradh na leapa. We’ll make the beds later on, càraichidh sinn na leapannan a-rithist
shakedown bed n phr seid f, pl seidean. We’ll make shakedowns for the children, nì sinn seidean don chloinn. A wee shakedown bed on a wisp in the poor fellow’s house, seideag air sop, an taigh bhròinein bhochd (rhyme)
bed v tr
bedding n aodach-leapa m, gen aodaich-leapa. We must put the bedding away, feumaidh sinn an t-aodach-leapa chur seachad
bedding plane n phr (geology) leabaidh-chlàir f, gen leapa-clàir, pl leapannan-clàir. Sheets of lava forced through the rock along its bedding planes, siotachan làbha a chaidh a sparradh tron chreig anns na leapannan-clàir aice
bedclothes n aodach-leapa m, gen aodaich-leapa
bed-post n post m leapa, gen & pl puist leapa
between you, me and the bedpost, eadarainn fhìn is ceann an taighe
bedrock n fo-chreag f, gen fo-chreige
bedroom n 1 seòmar-leapa m, gen seòmair-leapa, pl seòmraichean-leapa
2 seòmar-cadail m, gen seòmair-chadail, pl seòmraichean-cadail
3 seòmar-laighe m, gen seòmair-laighe, pl seòmraichean-laighe
bedstead n stoc-leapa m, gen & pl stuic-leapa
bedstraw, fen n (Galium uliginosum) màdar m boglaich, gen màdair bhoglaich
bedstraw, heath n (Galium saxatile) màdar-fraoich m, gen màdair-fhraoich
bedstraw, lady’s n (Galium verum) 1 lus m an leasaich
2 rùdh m ; also rùdh m Muire
bedstraw, limestone n (Galium sterneri) màdar m cloiche-aoil, gen màdair chloiche-aoil
bedstraw, marsh or common marsh n (Galium palustre) màdar m fèithe, gen màdair fhèithe
bedtime n àm m dol a laighe m, gen ama dol a laighe, pl amannan dol a laighe
bee n 1 seillean m, gen seillein, pl seilleanan. Wild bees, seilleanan fiadhaich. Bee grubs, cnuimhean sheilleanan. A bee sting, gath seillein
2 beach m, gen beacha, pl beachan
bee, bumble n (Bombus spp., eg. B. hortorum, B. lucorum) 1 seillean-mòr m, gen seillein-mhòir, pl seilleanan-mòra
2 seillean-dubh m, gen seillein-duibh, pl seilleanan-dubha
bee, bumble, tawny n (eg. Bombus monticola, B. distinguendus) seillean-ruadh m, gen seillein-ruaidh, pl seilleanan-ruadha. A tawny bumble bee at the base of the thistle, gathering from it quarrelsomely, seillean-ruadh aig bun a’ chluarain is e ga bhuain le dranndan (proverb)
bee, carder n (Anthidium spp., Callanthidium spp.) seillean m càrdair, gen seillein chàrdair, pl seilleanan càrdair
bee, carpenter n (Xylocopinae, eg. Xylocopa violacea) seillean m saoir, gen seillein shaoir, pl seilleanan saoir
bee, cuckoo n (Psithyrus spp.) seillean-cuthaig m, gen seillein-chuthaig, pl seilleanan-cuthaig
bee, digger n (Nomadinae) seillean m cladhaiche, gen seillein chladhaiche, pl seilleanan cladhaiche
bee, drone n 1 seillean m lunndach, gen seillein lunndaich, pl seilleanan lunndach
2 lunndair m, pl lunndairean
bee, honey n (Apis mellifera) 1 seillean-meala m, gen seillein-mheala, pl seilleanan-meala
2 seillean-sgip m, gen seillein-sgip, pl seilleanan-sgip
bee, leaf-cutter n (Megachile spp.) seillean m gearradair-dhuilleag, gen seillein ghearradair-dhuilleag, pl seilleanan gearradair-dhuilleag
bee, mason n (Osmia spp.) seillean m clachair, gen seillein chlachair, pl seilleanan clachair
bee, mining n (Andrenidae) seillean m mèinnidh, gen seillein mhèinnidh, pl seilleanan mèinnidh
bee, plasterer n (Colletes spp.) seillean m plàstair, gen seillein phlàstair, pl seilleanan plàstair
bee, queen n 1 cràin-sheillean, gen cràin-sheillein, pl cràin-sheilleanan
2 màthair-ghuir, gen mathar-guir, pl màthraichean-guir
bee, sweat n (Lassioglossum spp.) seillean m fallais, gen seillein fhallais, pl seilleanan fallais
bee, worker n seillean-obrach m, gen seillein-obrach, pl seilleanan-obrach
bee, yellow-faced n (Hylaeus spp.) seillean m aodainn-bhuidhe, gen seillein aodainn-bhuidhe, pl seilleanan aodainn-bhuidhe
beech n (Fagus sylvatica) faidhbhile f. It’s beech, ’s e faidhbhile a th’ ann. In the beech wood, anns a’ choille fhaidhbhile. Even the beech is growing there, tha an fhaidhbhile fhèin a’ fàs a sin
copper beech n (Fagus sylvatica) faidhbhile f ruadh, gen faidhbhile ruaidhe. Copper beech trees, craobhan faidhbhile ruaidhe
beechen a 1 faidhbhile
2 de dh’fhaidhbhile
beech-grove n doire m faidhbhile, gen doire fhaidhbhile, pl doirean faidhbhile
beech-mast n meas m faidhbhile, gen meas fhaidhbhile
beech-nut n cnò f fhaidhbhile, gen cnò faidhbhile, pl cnòthan faidhbhile
beech-tree n craobh-fhaidhbhile f, gen craoibhe-faidhbhile, pl craobhan-faidhbhile
beef n mairtfheoil f, gen mairtfheola. Do you like roast beef? an caomh leat mairtfheoil ròsta?
beehive n sgeap f, gen sgip, pl sgeapan or sgeapaichean
bee-killer n (Philanthus triangulum) marbhaiche-sheillean m, pl marbhaichean-sheillean
bee-line n
make a bee-line for v phr expressed with dèan dìreach air, vn dèanamh dìreach air. We made a bee-line for the pub, rinn sinn dìreach air an taigh-sheinnse
beer n lionn m, gen lionna, pl lionntan ; also leann m, gen leanna, pl leanntan. This is sweet beer, ’s e lionn milis a tha seo. I’ll take a drink of beer, gabhaidh mi deoch leanna. Strong beer, leann làidir
small beer n phr 1 leann m aotrom, gen leanna aotruim
2 expressed with neg plus cùirteil. It’s rather small beer, chan e rud cùirteil a th’ ann. It’s no small beer, tha e cùirteil gu leòr
beer-house n taigh-lionna. There’s a beer-house in the village, tha taigh-lionna anns a’ bhaile
beet n (Beta vulgaris) biotas m, gen & pl biotais
beet, sea n (Beta vulgaris ssp maritima) biotas m mara, gen biotais mhara
beetle n (mallet) 1 fairche m, pl fairchean
2 simid m, pl simidean
beetle (Coleoptera) n daolag f, gen daolaig, pl daolagan. You were looking at a beetle last night, bha thu a’ coimhead ri daolag a-raoir. Beetle grubs, cnuimhean dhaolagan
flying beetle n daolag sgiathach f, gen daolaig sgiathaich, pl daolagan sgiathach
beetle, asparagus n (Crioceris asparagi) daolag f aspàraig, gen daolaig aspàraig, pl daolagan aspàraig
beetle, bacon n (Dermestes lardarius), see beetle, larder
beetle, bark n (Scolytidae) daolag f chairteach, gen daolaig cairteach, pl daolagan cairteach
beetle, bean n (Acanthoscelides obtectus) daolag f phònarach, gen daolaig pònarach, pl daolagan pònarach
beetle, bee n (Trichius fasciatus) daolag f sheillein, gen daolaig seillein, pl daolagan seillein
beetle, biscuit n (Stegobium paniceum) daolag f bhriosgaid, gen daolaig bhriosgaid, pl daolagan bhriosgaid
beetle, blister n (Timarcha tenebricosa) daolag f bhalg-craicinn, gen daolaig bhalg-craicinn, pl daolagan bhalg-craicinn
beetle, bloody-nosed n (Meloidae) daolag f shròn-fhuilteach, gen daolaig sròn-fhuiltich, pl daolagan sròn-fhuilteach
beetle, bombardier n (Brachinus crepitans) daolag f bhraigheach, gen daolaig braighich, pl daolagan braigheach
beetle, burying n (Silphidae), see beetle, sexton n
beetle, cardinal n (Pyrochroa spp.) daolag m chairdinealach, gen daolaig cairdinealaich, pl daolagan cairdinealach
beetle, carpet n (Anthrenus spp.) daolag f olla, gen daolaig olla, pl daolagan olla
beetle, churchyard n (Blaps mucronata) daolag f chille, gen daolaig cille, pl daolagan cille
beetle, click n (Elateridae) 1 gobhachan m, gen & pl gobhachain
2 (a) buail-an-t-òrd m & f
(b) buail-a’-chnag m & f
beetle, Colorado n (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) daolag f Cholorado, gen daolaig Colorado, pl daolagan Colorado
beetle, death-watch n (Xestobium rufovillosum) 1 bodach m a’ cheapain, gen & pl bodaich a’ cheapain
2 bìog-ghairm m
beetle, diving, great n (Dytiscus marginalis) 1 daolag f thumaidh mhòr, gen daolaig tumaidh mòire, pl daolagan tumaidh mòra
2 dairbeart m tumaidh mòr, gen dairbeirt thumaidh mhòir, pl dairbeartan tumaidh mòra
beetle, dor n (Geotrupes spp.), see beetle, dung n
beetle, dung n (Geotrupes spp.) ceàrdabhan m buachair, gen & pl ceàrdabhain bhuachair
beetle, flea n (Phyllotreta spp., Psylliodes spp.) daolag f dheargaid, gen daolaig deargaid, pl daolagan deargaid
beetle, flour n (Tribolium spp.) daolag f fhlùir, gen daolaig flùir, pl daolagan flùir
beetle, fur n (Attagenus spp.) daolag f bhèin, gen daolaig bèin, pl daolagan bèin
beetle, furniture n (Anobium punctatum) cuileag f reudain, gen cuileig reudain, pl cuileagan reudain
beetle, grain, saw-toothed n (Oryzaephilus surinamensis) daolag f ghràin shàbh-fhiaclach, gen daolaig gràin sàbh-fhiaclaich, pl daolagan gràin sàbh-fhiaclach
beetle, ground n (part of Carabidae) daolag f thalmhainn, gen daolaig talmhainn, pl daolagan talmhainn
beetle, hide n (Dermestes maculatus) daolag f sheiche, gen daolaig seiche, pl daolagan seiche
beetle, larder n (Dermestes lardarius) daolag f thaigh-feòla, gen daolaig taigh-feòla, pl daolagan taigh-feòla
beetle, leaf n (Chrysomelidae) daolag f dhuilleig, gen daolaig duilleig, pl daolagan duilleig
beetle, longhorn n (Cerambycidae) daolag f fhad-adharcach, gen daolaig fad-adharcach, pl daolagan fad-adharcach
beetle, mealworm n (Tenebrio molitor) daolag f chnuimhe-mine, gen daolaig cnuimhe-mine, pl daolagan cnuimhe-mine
beetle, minotaur n (Typhaeus typhoeus) daolag f mhinotaur, gen daolaig minotaur, pl daolagan minotaur
beetle, museum n (Anthrenus museorum) daolag f thaigh-thasgaidh, gen daolaig taigh-thasgaidh, pl daolagan taigh-thasgaidh
beetle, musk n (Aromia moschata) daolag f mhusg-bholtrach, gen daolaig musg-bholtraich, pl daolagan musg-bholtrach
beetle, pea n (Bruchus pisorum) daolag f pheasrach, gen daolaig peasrach, pl daolagan peasrach
beetle, pine-shoot n (Tomicus piniperda) daolag f fhaillean-giuthais, gen daolaig faillean-giuthais, pl daolagan faillean-giuthais
beetle, plaster n (Lathridiidae) daolag f phlàsta, gen daolaig plàsta, pl daolagan plàsta
beetle, pleasing fungus n (Erotylidae) daolag f fhungais thaitneach, gen daolaig fungais taitnich, pl daolagan fungais taitneach
beetle, pollen n (Nitidulidae) daolag f phoilein, gen daolaig poilein, pl daolagan poilein
beetle, raspberry n (Byturus tomentosus) daolag f shùibh-chraoibh, gen daolaig sùibh-chraoibh, pl daolagan sùibh-chraoibh
beetle, rove n (Staphylinidae) daolag f fhàrsain, gen daolaig fàrsain, pl daolagan fàrsain
beetle, scarab n (Scarabaeidae) daolag f scaraib, gen daolaig scaraib, pl daolagan scaraib
beetle, scavenger n (Histeridae) daolag f chlàbaraiche, gen daolaig clàbaraiche, pl daolagan clàbaraiche
beetle, screech n (Hygrobia herrmanni) 1 daolag f sgreucha, gen daolaig sgreucha, pl daolagan sgreucha
2 dairbeart m sgreucha, gen dairbeirt sgreucha, pl dairbeartan sgreucha
beetle, sexton n (Silphidae) daolag f thiodhlacaidh, gen daolaig tiodhlacaidh, pl daolagan tiodhlacaidh
beetle, soldier n (Cantharidae) daolag f shaighdeir, gen daolaig saighdeir, pl daolagan saighdeir
beetle, spider n (Ptinidae) daolag f dhamhain-allaidh, gen daolaig damhain-allaidh, pl daolagan damhain-allaidh
beetle, stag n (Lucanidae ; Lucanus cervus) daolag f adharcach, gen daolaig adharcaich, pl daolagan adharcach
beetle, strawberry n (Pterostichus madidus) daolag f shùibh-làir, gen daolaig sùibh-làir, pl daolagan sùibh-làir
beetle, tiger n (Cicindelidae) daolag f thìgearach, gen daolaig tìgearaich, pl daolagan tìgearach
beetle, timberman n (Acanthocinus aedilis) daolag f fhiodhraich, gen daolaig fiodhraich, pl daolagan fiodhraich
beetle, tortoise n (Cassida spp.) daolag f shligeanach, gen daolaig sligeanach, pl daolagan sligeanach
beetle, wasp n (Clytus arietis) daolag f choinnspeachach, gen daolaig coinnspeachaich, pl daolagan coinnspeachach
beetle, water n (Dytiscidae ; part of Hydrophilidae) 1 daolag-uisge f, gen daolaig-uisge, pl daolagan-uisge
2 dairbeart m, gen dairbeirt, pl dairbeartan
beetle, water, great silver n (Hydrophilus piceus) 1 daolag-uisge f gheal mhòr, gen daolaig-uisge gile mòire, pl daolagan-uisge geala mòra
2 dairbeart m geal mòr, gen dairbeirt ghil mhòir, pl dairbeartan geala mòra
beetle, whirligig n (Gyrinidae ; Gyrinus natator) (ingestion of this beetle was thought to cause the disease of “an lon-craois”, identified with diabetes : it was therefore carefully avoided when drawing water from a well) n 1 tàillear m loin-chraois, gen tàilleir loin-chraois, pl tàillearan loin-chraois
2 lon-chraois m, gen loin-chraois, pl lonan-craois ; also lon-chraoisg. There are whirligig beetles in the well, tha lonan-craois a’s an fhuaran. For in the middle of my life a whirligig beetle entered my body. A whirligig beetle entered my body, with greed and covetousness … My aspect in sin is the worse that I did not avoid the whirligig beetle, Oir ann am meadhan m’aois Chaidh lon-chraois a’m chorp. Chaidh lon-chraois a’m chorp Aig gionach ’s aig sannt … ’S mòide m’fhiamh am peac’ Nach do sheachainn mi ’lon-chraois (hymn “Aon do rinneadh leis an sgrìobhair” by Donnchadh MacRath, LSMR p. 107)
beetroot (Beta vulgaris) n 1 biotas m, gen & pl biotais
2 meacan m biotais, gen meacain bhiotais, pl meacanan biotais
befall I v tr 1 thig air, vn tighinn air. No harm will befall you, cha tig beud sam bith ort
2 èirich do, vn èirigh do. What has befallen you is sad, is bochd mar a dh’èirich dhut
II befall v i 1 èirich, vn èirigh. Whatever shall befall, ge brith dè dh’èireas
2 expressed with tàrlaidh. It so befell that he was away from home, thàrlaidh gu robh e bhon taigh
befit v tr 1 (a) freagair, vn freagairt f. It befits you well, tha e gad fhreagairt gu math
(b) freagair air, vn freagairt air
2 is ion do. It would befit them to do it, b’ ion daibh a dhèanamh
3 is cubhaidh do. Won’t you do as befits you, nach dèan thu mar bu chubhaidh dhut
befit more v phr expressed with bu chàra do. It would befit you more to go to home, bu chàra dhut dol dhachaigh
befitting a 1 iomchaidh. It’s not really befitting, is it? chan eil e glè iomchaidh, a bheil?
2 expressed with is ion do. It is befitting that I should praise you, is ion domh a bhith gad mholadh
more befitting a phr also expressed with bu chàra do. It would be more befitting for them to go to bed, bu chàra dhaibh dol a laighe
before adv 1 roimhe. I knew that before, bha fhios agam air a sin roimhe
2 air thoiseach
3 not directly expressed. I’m getting a treat I never got before, tha mise a’ faighinn trèat nach d’fhuair mi a-riamh
before prep 1 (a) ro (leniting) (plus dat)
(forms with article) ron, ro na
(forms with relative pronoun) ro, rom, ron
(forms with possessive adjective) rom, rod, ro, ro, ror, ror, rom/ron
(pronominal forms) romham(sa), romhad(sa), roimhe(san), roimhpe(se), romhainn(e), romhaibh(se), romhpa(san)
He came before me, thàinig e romham. I’ll be there before you, bidh mi ann romhad. I’m afraid it’s a hard year that’s before us, tha e cunnartach gur e bliadhna chruaidh a tha romhainn. The cow pushed the gate (before her), chuir a’ bhò an geata roimhpe. The day before that, an là roimhe sin. Pupils will discuss, before, during and after activity, bidh a’ chlann a’ beachdachadh ron obair, fhad ’s a tha i a’ dol, agus as dèidh làimhe
(b) expressed with roimhe sin adv phr. Before or during the first year of secondary school, sa chiad bhliadhna den àrdsgoil no roimhe sin
2 fo (leniting). They were saying there would be drops of rain before night, bha iad ag ràdh gum biodh stideagan uisg ann fo h-oidhche. You will be hungry again before morning, traoghaidh tu fo mhadainn
3 air beulaibh (plus gen)
4 air thoiseach air (plus dat)
5 am fianais (plus gen)
before conj 1 mum, mun ; mus (plus dep form of verb). They won’t have long before they’ll have to come in, cha bhi fad aca mum feum iad a thighinn a-steach. That before writers could use nouns, they needed to know what a noun was, gum feumadh luchd-sgrìobhaidh fios a bhith aca dè bha ann an ainmear mus cuireadh iad ainmearan am feum
2 gus an, gus am (plus dep form of verb). It will be some time before we see him, bithidh ùine ann gus am faic sinn e
beforehand adv ro làimh
befriend v tr 1 bi càirdeil ri. He befriended me in the city, bha e càirdeil rium sa bhaile
2 gabh mar charaid, vn gabhail mar charaid
beg v tr & i 1 bi a’ baigearachd. He’s always begging, tha e an còmhnaidh a’ baigearachd
2 (cadge, Scots “thig”) bi a’ faoighe ; dèan faoighe, vn dèanamh faoighe. She used to be begging, bhiodh i a’ faoighe. I’m begging today, tha mi a’ faoighe an diugh
3 guidh air, vn guidhe air. Help me, I beg you, cuidich mi, tha mi a’ guidhe ort. He begged me to do it, ghuidh e orm a dhèanamh
4 iarr, vn iarraidh m. Beg, Furan! (to a dog), iarr e, Furan!
beg for mercy v phr aslaich treòcair, vn aslachadh treòcair. They were begging for mercy from him, bha iad ag aslachadh treòcair air
begging n 1 baigearachd f
2 faoighe f
beget v tr gin, vn gineadh m, gineamhainn m
beggar n 1 baigear m, gen baigeir, pl baigearan. He gave it to the beggar, thug e don bhaigear e. Bob the beggar, baigear Bob (name of a dog)
2 dèirceach m, gen & pl dèircich
beggars can’t be choosers, chan eil taghadh aig fear na faoighe
beggar v tr 1 cuir a dh’iarraidh na dèirce, vn cur a dh’iarraidh na dèirce. The last two years have beggared him, tha an dà bhliadhna mu dheireadh air a chur a dh’iarraidh na dèirce
2 creach, vn creach f. It completely beggared them, chreach e buileach iad
beggar description v phr expressed with cha ghabh innse air. The sight they saw biggers description, cha ghabh innse air an t-sealladh a chunnaic iad
begin I v i 1 tòisich, vn tòiseachadh m. We’ll begin now, bidh sinn a’ tòiseachadh a-nis. Studying the media cannot begin too early, chan urrainn rannsachadh air na meadhain tòiseachadh tuilleadh agus tràth. The week began dry but ended wet, thòisich an t-seachdain tioram ach chrìochnaich i fliuch
2 sìn, vn sìneadh m. We’d better begin, ’s fheàrr dhuinn sìneadh
II begin v tr 1 tòisich air, vn tòiseachadh air. I began to do that, thòisich mi air sin a dhèanamh, or thòisich mi air dèanamh sin. I began to scythe the corn yesterday, thòisich mi air spealadh a’ choirc an dé. Beginning to use paragraphs, a’ tòiseachadh air paragrafan a chleachdadh. They will begin to learn how to take part in discussion activities, bidh iad a’ tòiseachadh air ionnsachadh mar a ghiùlaineas iad iad fhèin ann an beachdachadh. The work begun at the previous level, an obair air an deach tòiseachadh aig an ìre roimhe seo As a new story is begun, an uair a bhithear a’ tòiseachadh air sgeulachd ùir. Acquiring writing skills begins in the earliest years, tòisichear aig an fhìor thoiseach air sgilean sgrìobhadh a thogail. As pupils begin to read more widely, mar a bhitheas a’ chlann a’ tòiseachadh air barrachd leughaidh a dhèanamh. This may involve beginning to read simple signs, faodaidh seo a bhith a’ ciallachadh a bhith a’ tòiseachadh air soidhnichean sìmplidh a leughadh
2 sìn air, vn sìneadh air. They began to get ready, shìn iad air dèanamh deiseil. When the snow began to melt, nuair a shìn an sneachd air leaghadh
3 teann ri, vn teannadh ri. We’d better begin it, ’s fheàrr dhuinn teannadh ris
4 leig air, vn leigeil air. He began scratching it, leig e air a thachas
beginning n 1 (a) tòiseachadh m, gen tòiseachaidh, pl tòisichidhean. Beginnings in fiction now take different forms, tha caochladh dhòighean a-nis air tòiseachadh ann am ficsean
(b) toiseach m, gen toisich. Let’s begin at the beginning, tòisichidh sinn aig an toiseach. At the very beginning, aig an fhìor thoiseach. I wasn’t at the beginning of the matter, cha robh mi aig toiseach a’ rud. He expected to come to get them at the beginning of the week, bha e an dùil ri thighinn gan iarraidh toiseach na seachdaineach. By looking at beginnings, middles and endings, le bhith a’ coimhead air toiseach, meadhan agus deireadh
(c) expressed with tòisich v, vn tòiseachadh m. Stories frequently share simple beginnings, tha stòiridhean gu tric a’ tòiseachadh ann an dòigh shìmplidh
2 (a) (a) tùs m, gen tùis
(b) expressed with fìor thùs m. In this lies the beginning of drama, seo far a bheil fìor thùs dràma
from the beginning adv phr 1 bho thoiseach
2 bho thùs. He was doing too much from the beginning and it was certain to affect him, bha esan a’ dèanamh cus bho thùs agus cha robh rian nach innseadh e air
from beginning to end adv phr 1 bho thùs gu èis
2 bho thoiseach gu deireadh
make a beginning v phr faigh tòiseachadh, vn faighinn tòiseachaidh. I’m impatient to make a beginning on the work, tha fadachd orm gus gu faigh mi tòiseachadh air an obair
begone pp (used as imp) 1 teich
2 (sg) toir do chasan leat ; (pl) thoiribh ur casan leibh
beguile v tr 1 meall, vn mealladh m. You beguiled me, mheall thu mi
2 thoir an car à, vn toirt a’ char à. They beguiled him completely, thug iad an car às buileach glan
beguiling a mealltach, comp mealltaiche
behalf n
on behalf of prep phr às leth (plus gen)
behave v i 1 giùlain (fhèin), vn giùlan m (fhèin). She behaved very well in public, ghiùlain i i fhèin glè mhath am measg an t-sluaigh. You behaved very badly, is olc a ghiùlain thu thu fhèin
2 ceannsaich, vn ceannsachadh m. Behave yourself, ceannsaich thu fhèin. You must behave yourself, feumaidh tu thu fhèin a cheannsachadh. How are the children behaving themselves in this bad weather? ciamar a tha a’ chlann gan ceannsachadh fhèin ris an droch thìde seo?
3 dèan, vn dèanamh m. He behaved just like the rest, rinn e dìreach cleas chàich
4 buin, vn buntainn m. He behaved badly to her, bhuin e gu h-olc rithe
5 expressed with fhuaradh, or fhuaras. Didn’t you behave well! is math a fhuaras tu! You behaved very badly, is olc a fhuaradh tu
badly behaved a phr mì-mhodhail
well-behaved a phr 1 modhail. It’s a nice, well-behaved obedient puppy, ’s e cuilean snog modhail umhailte a th’ ann
2 (in course of doing something) ceannsaichte. You must be well-behaved, feumaidh tu bhith ceannsaichte
3 (inherent quality) sùmhail. He’s a well-behaved boy, ’s e balach sùmhail a th’ ann
4 (obedient) umhail, comp umhaile, or umhailte, comp umhailte. The children were quite well behaved today, bha a’ chlann gu math umhailte an diugh
5 (of children, well-settled) stòilte. The minister said how good at attending and how well-behaved the young people were, thuirt am ministear cho fritheilteach is cho stòilte ’s a bha an fheadhainn òga
6 (of adults, temperate) stuaim. Those people are very well-behaved, tha na daoine sin glè stuaim
behaviour n 1 giùlan m, gen giùlain. Behaviour policy, poileasaidh air giùlan. Your bad behaviour, do dhroch ghiùlan. Pupils should be helped to identify with characters and to comment in terms of their behaviour and reasons, tha còir a’ chlann a chuideachadh gus a bhith a’ dlùthachadh ris na pearsachan agus a bhith a’ toirt tarraing air an giùlan ’s air an adhbhair. Children need simple guidelines to help them understand what is acceptable behaviour within the pre-school and what is not acceptable, tha feum aig a’ chloinn air stiùireadh sìmplidh a bheir cuideachadh dhaibh gus tuigsinn cò an giùlan a thèid gabhail ris san ro-sgoile agus cò nach tèid gabhail ris. They may observe listening behaviour in order to detect a possible listening impairment, faodaidh iad coimhead air giùlan ann an èisteachd gus ròs fhaighinn air uireasbhaidh claisneachd a dh’fhaodadh a bhith ann
2 modh f, gen modha, pl modhannan. That was the behaviour he saw amongst them, sin na modhannan a chunnaic e nam measg
3 expressed with gnìomhan m pl. Discriminatory behaviour, gnìomhan lethbhreitheach. The response to discriminatory behaviour will aim to be sensitive to the feelings of the victim or victims, ann a bhith a’ dèiligeadh ri gnìomhan lethbhreitheach bithear ag amas air a bhith mothachail air faireachdainnean an neach no na feadhna a dh’fhuiling
4 dol-a-mach m. I am sick tired of your behaviour, tha mi air mo shàrachadh leis an dol-a-mach agad
bad behaviour n phr also expressed with mì-mhodh f, gen mì-mhodha. I don’t want any more bad behaviour, chan eil mi ag iarraidh an tuilleadh mì-mhodha
good behaviour n phr also expressed with 1 modh f, gen modha
2 modhail. You must be on your good behaviour, feumaidh tu bhith modhail
behead v tr 1 toir an ceann de, vn toirt a’ chinn de. They beheaded the king, thug iad an ceann den rìgh
2 dì-cheannaich, vn dì-cheannadh m. He was beheaded in London, chaidh a dhì-cheannadh an Lunnainn
behind adv 1 air dheireadh. Some behind and some in front, cuid air dheireadh agus cuid air thoiseach
2 air chùl
behind prep 1 air cùl (plus gen), or air chùl (plus gen). Behind the byre, air cùl a’ bhàithich. Behind the counter, air chùl a’ chunntairHe’s happy as long as he’s behind the wheel, tha e air a dhòigh fhad ’s a tha e air cùl na cuibhle. Grasping the purposes behind a piece of talk or writing, greim fhaighinn air na h-adhbhair a tha air cùl earrann labhairt no sgrìobhaidh. The garden is behind the house, tha an leas air chùl an taighe
2 air cùlaibh (plus gen), or air chùlaibh (plus gen). The garden is behind the house, tha an leas air cùlaibh an taighe. They were behind the barn, bha iad air chùlaibh an t-sabhail. They were standing right behind me, bha iad nan seasamh dìreach air mo chùlaibh
3 às dèidh or an dèidh (plus gen). There was a landrover up there with an awfully big trailer behind it, bha landrover an àird a sin is trèalar mòr cianoil às a dhèidh
behind the scenes adv phr air chùl gnothaich. He preferred to stay behind the scenes, bu roghnaiche leis fuireach air chùl gnothaich
behind the times adv phr seann-fhasanta
behind-hand adv an dèidh làimhe
beholden a
beholden to prep phr an comain (plus gen). I’m very much beholden to you, tha mi glè mhòr nad chomain
beholdenness n comain or comaine f. That wasn’t (according to) your beholdenness, my friend cha b’ e do chomaine, a charaid. That wasn’t (according to) their beholdenness, I think, cha b’ e an comain, cha chreid mi
behove v tr impers is cubhaidh do. It behoves us to go home, is cubhaidh dhuinn dol dhachaigh
being n, see be v
being v participle, see be v
belabour v tr thoir slacan air, vn toirt shlacan air. They used to belabour each other, bhiodh iad a’ toirt shlacan air a chèile
belch n brùchd m, gen brùchda, pl brùchdan. He gave a big belch, rinn e brùchd mòr
belch v i 1 brùchd, vn brùchdail f, brùchdadh m. He is belching, tha e a’ brùchdail
2 dèan brùchd, vn dèanamh brùchd. He belched, rinn e brùchd
belching a brùchdach
nickname for a person who belches frequently, Brùchdaidh m
belemnite n (palaeontology) beileimnit f, pl beileimnitean
Belgian n Beilgeach m, gen & pl Beilgich
Belgian a Beilgeach
Belgium pr n a’ Bheilg f, gen na Beilge
belie v tr 1 breugnaich, vn breugnachadh m. That belied what he had said before, bheugnaich sin na thuirt e roimhe
2 toir a’ bhreug do, vn toirt na brèige do. His behaviour belied his words, thug a ghiùlan a’ bhreug da bhriathran
belief n 1 (a) creideamh m, gen creideimh, pl creideamhan. We believe that no family should be excluded from the group’s activities on the grounds of culture, religion or belief, tha sinn a’ creidsinn nach bu chòir gum bitheadh teaghlach sam bith air an dùnadh a-mach bho ghnìomhan na buidhne mar thoradh air cultar, cràbhadh no creideamh
(b) expressed with an nì m anns a bheil … a’ creidsinn, pl na nithean anns a bheil … a’ creidsinn. Pupils might consider the feelings and beliefs of characters, dh’fhaodadh a’ chlann beachd a ghabhail air faireachdainnean nam pearsachan agus na nithean anns a bheil iad a’ creidsinn
2 creud f, gen creuda, pl creudan. They have some kind of belief(s), I suppose, tha creud air choireigin aca, tha mi ’n dùil
beyond belief a phr do-chreidsinn. It is quite beyond belief, tha e buileach do-chreidsinn
to the best of my belief, cho fad ’s as aithne dhomh
believe v tr 1 (a) (i) creid, vn creidsinn m. Don’t you believe him, na creid idir e. I can hardly believe it, is doirbh leam a chreidsinn. Would you believe it? an creideadh tu e?
(ii) expressed with double neg plus creid, vn creidsinn m. I believe they’ll come tonight, cha chreid mi nach tig aid a-nochd
(b) thoir creideas do, vn toirt creideis do
2 (suppose) bi a’ dèanamh dheth. I believe he’s coming tomorrow, tha mi a’ dèanamh dheth gu bheil e a’ tighinn a-màireach
3 (mainly with 1st person sg pres) expressed with cha tuirt … nach. Is that one of the auctioneers? I believe it is, an e sin fear dhe na h-auctioneers? cha duirt mi nach e
we’ll believe that when we see it (referring to a person who makes a doubtful claim that he or she will do or has done something), O! chì e geàrr!
believer n creidmheach m, gen & pl creidmhich
belittle v tr 1 cuir an neo-shuim, vn cur an neo-shuim
2 cuir an neo-phrìs, vn cur an neo-phrìs
bell n clag m, gen & pl cluig. The dinner bell, clag an dìnneir. Who is ringing the (door-) bell? cò tha a’ bualadh a’ chluig? She rung the (hand-) bell, chrath i an clag. They rang all the church-bells, sheinn iad cluig nan eaglaisean air fad. The steeple bells were ringing, bha na cluig san stìobaill a’ seinn
bellbine n (Calystegia sepium), see bindweed, hedge n
bellbird, naked-throated n (Procnias nudicollis) clag-eun m amhaich-nochdaidh, gen & pl clag-eòin amhaich-nochdaidh
bellflower n (mainly Campanula spp.) 1 flùr-cluigeanach m, gen fluir-chluigeanaich, pl flùraichean-cluigeanach
2 bàrr-cluigeanach m, gen barra-chluigeanaich
bellflower, bearded n (Campanula barbata) 1 flùr-cluigeanach m feusagach, gen fluir-chluigeanaich fheusagaich, pl flùraichean-cluigeanach feusagach
bellflower, clustered n (Campanula glomerata) 1 flùr-cluigeanach m bagaideach, gen fluir-chluigeanaich bhagaidich, pl flùraichean-cluigeanach bagaideach
bellflower, creeping n (Campanula rapunculoides) 1 flùr-cluigeanach m snàigeach, gen fluir-chluigeanaich snàigich, pl flùraichean-cluigeanach snàigeach
bellflower, giant n (Campanula latifolia) 1 flùr-cluigeanach m famhaireach, gen fluir-chluigeanaich famhairich, pl flùraichean-cluigeanach famhaireach
bellflower, ivy-leaved n (Wahlenburgia hederacea) 1 flùr-cluigeanach m eidheann-duilleagach, gen fluir-chluigeanaich eidheann-duilleagaich, pl flùraichean-cluigeanach eidheann-duilleagach
bellflower, nettle-leaved n (Campanula trachelium) 1 flùr-cluigeanach m deanntag-dhuilleagach, gen fluir-chluigeanaich dheanntag-dhuilleagaich, pl flùraichean-cluigeanach deanntag-dhuilleagach
bellflower, peach-leaved n (Campanula persicifolia) 1 flùr-cluigeanach m peitse-dhuilleagach, gen fluir-chluigeanaich pheitse-dhuilleagaich, pl flùraichean-cluigeanach peitse-dhuilleagach
bellflower, rampion n (Campanula latifolia) 1 flùr-cluigeanach m raipeanach, gen fluir-chluigeanaich raipeanaich, pl flùraichean-cluigeanach raipeanach
bellflower, round-leaved n (Campanula rotundifolia), see harebell n
bellflower, spreading n (Campanula patula) 1 flùr-cluigeanach m sgaoilteach, gen fluir-chluigeanaich sgaoiltich, pl flùraichean-cluigeanach sgaoilteach
bellow n (roar) 1 beuc m, pl beucan
2 bùirean m, gen & pl bùirein
3 geum m, gen geuma, gèime, pl geuman
bellow v i 1 (a) beuc, vn beucail f, beucach m, beucadh m
(b) dèan beuc, vn dèanamh beuc
(c) expressed with beucail f. Why is the cow bellowing? dè a’ bheucail a th’ air a’ bhò? They were really bellowing, dè a’ bheucail a bh’ orra
2 (a) (i) bi bùrrail ; dèan bùrrail, vn dèanamh bùrrail. The stags are bellowing, tha na daimh a’ bùrrail
(ii) expressed with bùrrail f. What are they bellowing at? dè a’ bhùrrail a th’ orra?
(b) (i) bi bùirich ; dèan bùirich, vn dèanamh bùirich
(ii) expressed with bùirich f. What are you bellowing at? dè a’ bhùirich a th’ ort?
3 (a) bi rànail ; dèan rànail, vn dèanamh rànail. The stags are bellowing, tha na daimh a’ rànail
(b) expressed with rànail f. What are they bellowing at? dè an rànail a th’ orra?
4 dèan geum, vn dèanamh geuma
bellowing n 1 beucach m, gen beucaich. The Pass of the Bellowing, Cadh’a’ Bheucaich (place-name)
2 bùirich f
3 langanaich f
4 geumnaich f
bellows n 1 balg m, gen & pl builg
2 balg-séididh m, gen & pl builg-shèididh
belly n 1 brù f, broinn f, gen bronn, broinn, dat broinn, pl brùthan, broinnean. What a belly he has! dè a’ bhroinn a th’ air!
2 expressed with bronnach a. What a belly he has! nach e tha bronnach!
3 expressed with balgach a. What a belly he has! nach e tha balgach!
4 (pot-belly) pudan m, gen pudain, pl pudanan
big-bellied, pot-bellied, having a big belly a 1 bronnach. A big-bellied calf, laogh bronnach. He’s got pot-bellied, dh’fhàs e bronnach. The big-bellied, pot-bellied, big bellied man, the big-bellied man is the piper of Sand, ’s e ’fear bronnach balgach bronnach, ’s e ’fear bronnach pìobair Shannda (song)
2 balgach. A calf with a (nice) big belly, laogh balgach. I can tell she’s in calf, her belly’s so big, tha mi ag aithneachadh gu bheil laogh innte, cho balgach ’s a tha i
3 puideach (nickname given to someone who has a pudan, a pot belly)
belly-ache n brù f ghoirt, gen broinn goirte, pl brùthan goirte
belly-button n imleag f, gen imleig, pl imleagan
bellyful n 1 làn m broinn, gen & pl làin bhroinn
2 expressed with sàth m, gen sàith. He has had his bellyful of it, fhuair e a shàth dheth
Belnahua pr n Beul na h-Uamha
belong v i
belong to v i phr 1 buin do, vn buntainn do. She belongs to Dingwall, buinidh i do dh’Inbhir Pheofharain. He doesn’t belong to the Black Isle, cha bhuin e don Eilean Dubh. He belonged to Skye, bhuineadh e don Eilean Sgitheanach. It’s Ullapool way he belongs to, ’s e rathad Ulapul dom buin e. The building must have belonged to a substantial tenant such as a tacksman, feumaidh gum buineadh an togalach do theanant chudthromach leithid fear-taca. To whom does this belong? co dhà a bhuineas seo? The person it belongs to, belonged to, an neach dom buin e, dom buineadh e. “Genre” is a term used to describe a property of texts, that each text belongs to a group, or set, of texts with which it shares common features, tha “Gnè” air a chleachdadh gus iomradh a dhèanamh air nàdar theacsaichean, a’ comharrachadh gum buin a h-uile teacsa do bhuidheann theacsaichean agus gu bheil dòighean anns a bheil e coltach riutha sin
2 is plus le. They belong to Ann, ’s ann le Anna a tha iad. They belong to the proprietor, is leis an uachdaran iad. To whom does this belong? co leis a tha seo? The person it belongs to, an neach leis an leis e, or an neach leis a bheil e. The person it belonged to, an neach leis am bu leis e, or an neach leis an robh e
beloved n 1 ciall f, gen cèille. My beloved, mo chiall
2 gràdh m geal, gen gràidh ghil. Beloved of my heart, a ghràidh ghil mo chridhe
beloved a 1 (a) gràdhach, comp gràdhaiche
(b) gràdhaichte
2 expressed with gaoil. My beloved son, a mhic mo ghaoil. The children of my beloved mother, clann mo mhàthar ghaoil
3 ionmhainn. My beloved son, mo mhac ionmhainn
below adv 1 gu h-ìosal. The means of assessment listed below, na modhan measaidh a tha air an cur sìos gu h-ìosal. Big William with the five rows of teeth, three above and two below, Uilleam Mòr nan còig breath fhiacail, a trì gu h-àrd ’s a dhà gu h-ìosal (rhyme)
2 (a) (rest) shìos
(b) (motion) sìos
3 fodha, foipe
below prep 1 fo (leniting) (plus dat). Below the ground, fon talamh. Below a bridge, fo dhrochaid. Below school age, fo aois sgoile. Below her breath, fo h-anail. You will find them below the end of the beach, gheibh thu iad fo cheann na tràghad
2 taobh shìos (plus gen). We used to cut peats down below the road, bhiodh sinn a’ buain na mòine a-bhàn taobh shìos an rothaid
3 expressed with nas ìsle na
below a desirable level prep phr expressed with neg plus cho math ’s bu mhiann leinn. Currently available resources for delivery of some areas of the curriculum are generally acknowledged to be below a desirable level, thathar gu coitcheann ag aideachadh nach eil na tha ri fhaotainn an-ceartuair de ghoireasan airson cuid de raointean a’ chlàir-theagaisg a thoirt gu buil cho math ’s bu mhiann leinn
belt n 1 crios m, pl criosan
2 bann m, gen bainn, pl bannan or banntan Belt of land, bann fearainn. Narrow belts of land, bannan caola fearainn
below the belt adv phr expressed with cothrom m nach eil ceart, gen cothroim. He hit below the belt, ghabh e cothrom nach robh ceart
Beltane n Bealltainn f
Benbecula pr n Beinn na Bhadhla
belonging, pertaining to Benbecula a phr Badhlach
inhabitant of Benbecula n phr Badhlach m, gen & pl Badhlaich
bench n being f, gen beinge, pl beingean. I was sitting on the bench, bha mi nam shuidhe air a’ bheing. Did the judge say that from the bench? an tuirt am britheamh sin on bheing?
bend n 1 (a) lùb f, gen lùibe, pl lùban. The river bends, lùban na h-aibhne. The white bends, na Lùban Bàna (place-name). It has a bend, tha lùb ann
(b) lùbadh m, gen lùbaidh, pl lùbaidhean
2 fiaradh m, gen fiaraidh, pl fiaraidhean
3 car m, gen cuir, pl cuir, caran. The stick has a bend in it, tha car anns a’ mhaide
4 bac m, gen baic, pl baic, bacan. The bend of the arm, bac an righe
round the bend prep phr expressed with dh’fhalbh an t-saoghail. That noise put me round the bend, chuir am fuaim a bha siod dh’fhalbh an t-saoghail mi. It’s just driving me round the bend, tha e dìreach gam chuir a dh’fhalbh an t-saoghail
bend v tr & i 1 (a) lùb, vn lùbadh m. Don’t bend it, na lùb e
(b) expressed with lùb f, gen lùibe, pl lùban. She was bent double with laughing, bha i na lùban a’ gàireachdaich
2 crom, vn cromadh m. It is difficult for me to bend with my back, tha e duilich dhomh cromadh le mo dhruim
3 aom, vn aomadh m
4 (a) fiar or fiaraich, vn fiaradh m
(b) cuir fiaradh ann, vn cur fiaraidh ann. Do not bend it, na cuir fiaradh ann
5 cam, vn camadh m. You bent the stick, cham thu am maide
bent a 1 cam, comp caime
2 crom, comp cruime. He’s become very bent, dh’fhàs e glè chrom. It wouldn’t be surprising for him to be bent at that age, cha bhiodh e iongantach e bhith crom aig an aois sin. The anvil for making holes in the ground was in James’s hands, they had a lot of bent poles with twine joining them, Bha ’n t-innean airson toll a chur sa ghrunnd an làmhan Sheumais, Bha tòrr de shlatan crom aca is tobha sreing gan teumadh (song)
3 lùbte
4 fiar, comp fiara
bent on prep phr 1 socraichte air. His heart bent on sin, a chridhe socraichte air peacadh
2 (a) suidhichte air
(b) expressed with rùn m suidhichte, gen rùin shuidhichte. He is bent on going away, tha rùn suidhichte aige falbh
3 air tì. He is bent on ruining you, tha e air tì do chreachadh
beneath prep fo (leniting) (plus dat). I became aware of this humming beneath me, dh’fhairich mi an torghan a bha seo fodham
beneath you adv phr (not worthy of you) 1 expressed with chan fhiach leat. It is beneath me, chan fhiach leam e. It was beneath them, cha b’ fhiach leotha e
2 expressed with cha diù leat. That is beneath me, cha diù leam sin
benediction n beannachadh m, gen beannachaidh, pl beannachaidhean
benefaction n 1 deagh-ghnìomh m
2 tabhartas m, gen tabhartais
benefactive n (semantics) tairbheartach m, gen tairbheartaich
benefactor n tairbheartach m, gen tairbheartaich
benefice n 1 beathachadh m (eaglais), gen beathachaidh, pl beathachaidhean. The young minister got a benefice, fhuair am ministear òg beathachadh
2 stìpinn m, pl stìpinnean
beneficent a deagh-ghnìomhach
beneficial a 1 tairbheach, comp tairbhiche
2 luachmhor, comp luachmhoire
benefit n 1 buannachd f, pl buannachdan. It is of no benefit to me, chan eil buannachd ann dhòmhsa. It conferred a benefit on him, thug e buannachd dha
2 leas m. For the benefit of the public, a chum leas a’ mhòr-shluaigh
3 sochair f, pl sochairean. The level of social benefits must be examined, feumar sùil a thoirt air ìre nan sochairean sòisealta
4 tàbhachd f. It is of no benefit at all to me, chan eil tàbhachd sam bith ann dhomhsa
benefit of the doubt n phr sochair na h-aimhreite. I’ll give you the benefit of the doubt, bheir mi dhut sochair na h-aimhreite
for the benefit of prep phr a chum leas plus gen. For the benefit of the whole group, a chum leas na buidhne air fad
of benefit prep phr expressed with feumail a. The computer is of particular benefit to pupils with difficulties, tha an coimpiutar air leth feumail do chloinn aig a bheil duilgheadasan
benefit v i 1 expressed with bi plus feumail do. Pupils will benefit from working with real models of effective Gaelic, bithidh e feumail don chloinn a bhith ag obair le eisimpleirean dligheach de Ghàidhlig dhòigheil
2 (a) faigh buannachd às, vn faighinn buannachd às. The teacher will help pupils to benefit from these, bheir an tidsear cuideachadh don chloinn gus buannachd fhaotainn asta sin
(b) expressed with buannachdail a. Development of these skills will benefit from practice and discussion, bidh cleachdadh agus beachdachadh buannachdail gus fàs a thoirt air na sgilean seo
3 expressed with faigh, vn faighinn f. An opportunity to benefit from the expanding range of Gaelic related jobs, cothrom fhaighinn air na tha ann de dh’obraichean co-cheangailte ris a’ Ghàidhlig agus iad a’ sìor dhol am meud
benevolence n deagh-ghean m
benevolent a 1 coibhneil, comp coibhneile
2 expressed with làn deagh-ghean
benighted a 1 expressed with thuit an oidhche air. We were benighted, thuit an oidhche òirnn
2 ainfhiosach. A benighted people, sluagh ainfhiosach
benign a 1 coibhneil, comp coibhneile
2 (medical) (a) neo-aillseach
(b) aotrom
bent a, see sv bend v tr & i
bent n 1 togradh m, gen tograidh. He has a bent towards it, tha togradh aige ris
2 aomadh m inntinn, gen aomaidh inntinn
3 rùn m suidhichte, gen rùin shuidhichte
4 alt m, gen uilt, pl uilt, altan. He has a bent for it, tha alt aige air
bent n (Agrostis spp.) 1 beinteach f, gen beintich
2 feorthainn f, gen feorthann (this is specifically A. stolonifera)
bent, black n (Agrostis gigantea) beinteach f dhubh, gen beintich duibh
bent, bristle n (Agrostis curtisii = A. setacea) beinteach f chuilg, gen beintich cuilg
bent, brown n (Agrostis vineale) beinteach f dhonn, gen beintich duinne
bent, common n (Agrostis capillaris = A. tenuis) beinteach f chumanta, gen beintich cumanta
bent, creeping n (Agrostis stolonifera) 1 feorthainn f, gen feorthann ; also fioran m, gen fiorain
2 beinteach f shnàigeach, gen beintich snàigich
bent, velvet n (Agrostis canina) beinteach f mheilbheid, gen beintich meilbheid
benumb v tr 1 meilich, vn meileachadh m
2 lapaich, vn lapachadh m
become benumbed v phr meilich, vn meileachadh m. We were becoming benumbed otside, bha sinn a’ meileachadh a-muigh
benumbed a 1 air meileachadh. Brr! We’re just benumbed, dudagaidh dudagaidh! Tha sinn dìreach air meileachadh
2 air lapachadh. I was benumbed with cold, bha mi air lapachadh leis an fhuachd
3 balbh, or air fàs balbh. My hands were benumbed with the cold, bha mo làmhan air fàs balbh leis an fhuachd
bequeath v tr 1 tiomnaich, vn tiomnadh m. I bequeath, tiomnam
2 fàg mar dhìleab, vn fàgail mar dhìleab
bequest n 1 tiomnadh m, gen tiomnaidh, pl tiomnaidhean
2 dìleab f, gen dìleib, pl dìleaban
bere n (Hordeum vulgare) eòrna m
2 not directly expressed. Small enclosures were made to grow oats and a primitive kind of barley called bere, chaidh àiteachan-iadhaidh beaga a dhèanamh anns am bitheadh coirce a’ fàs agus seòrsa primideach de dh’eòrna
bereave v tr 1 thoir air falbh o, vn toirt air falbh o
2 buin o, vn buntainn o
3 (a) expressed with caill, vn call m. An accident bereaved him of his father, chaill e athair a thoradh air tubaist
(b) expressed with call m, gen calla. Malcolm’s family were sorely bereaved, ’s e call goirt a bh’ ann don teaghlach aig Calum
4 expressed with neg plus fàg, vn fàgail f. Anger had bereft him of speech, cha robh smid air fhàgail aige leis an fheirg
bereaved n expressed with neach m (pl feadhainn f, gen feadhna) a bhuineas don neach a chaochail. The bereaved were sitting in the front pews, bha an fheadhainn a bhuineadh don neach a chaochail nan suidhe anns an suidheachain bheòil
bereaved a expressed with a chaill. A bereaved daughter, nighean a chaill a mathair, a h-athair
berkelium n beirceiliam m
Berneray pr n Beàrnaraigh
person from Berneray n phr Beàrnarach m, gen & pl Beàrnaraich
belonging to Berneray a phr Beàrnarach
berry n 1 (a) dearcag f, gen dearcaig, pl dearcagan
(b) dearc f, pl dearcan
2 (a) suibheag f, gen suibheig, pl suibheagan ; also subhag f, gen subhaig, pl subhagan
(b) sùbh m, gen sùibh, pl sùbhan
3 caor f, gen caoir, caora, pl caoran
berth n 1 leabaidh m, gen leapa, pl leapannan (san trèana, sa bhàta)
2 (for anchoring) àite m acrachaidh, pl àiteachan acrachaidh
give a wide berth v phr seachain, vn seachnadh m. He gave her a wide berth for a few day, bha e ga seachnadh beagan làithichean
beryl n (mineralogy) beiril f
beryllium n beiriliam m
beseech v tr 1 athchuingich, vn athchuingich f ; also achanaich, vn achanaich f
2 aslaich, vn aslachadh m. They were beseeching him for mercy, bha iad ag aslachadh tròcair air
3 (a) guidh air, vn guidhe air. I beseech you, tha mi a’ guidhe ort
(b) dèan guidhe air, vn dèanamh guidhe air
beside prep 1 làmh ri (plus dat). This guidance is placed beside relevant information to be found in other advice, tha an stiùireadh seo ga chur làmh ri fiosrachadh iomchaidh a gheibhear ann an comhairle eile
2 (a) ri taobh (plus gen). he was beside me, bha e ri mo thaobh. Who was sitting beside you? cò bha na shuidhe ri do thaobh? Who were you sitting beside? cò an neach a bh’ ann a bha thu nad shuidhe ri thaobh?
(b) taobh ri taobh ri. Stories, songs and legends should be set beside some of the easier poems of writers like Iain Crichton Smith, tha còir sgeulachdan, òrain is uirsgeulan a bhith taobh ri taobh ri cuid de na dàin as fhasa aig sgrìobhaichean mar tha Iain Crichton Mac a’ Ghobhainn
3 an cois (plus gen)
4 am bun (plus gen). She stayed beside her until the end came, dh’fhuirich i na bun gus gun tàinig a’ chrìoch
5 aig beul (plus gen). The house is beside the sea, tha an taigh aig beul na mara
beside the point adv phr cha bhuin plus don ghnothach. That is rather beside the point, cha mhòr gum buin sin don ghnothach
beside yourself adv phr nad bhreislich. He was beside himself, bha e na bhreislich
right beside prep phr 1 (dìreach) ri taobh (plus gen)
2 (of a person) expressed with ri cluais (plus gen). Hunch-backed Murdo is right beside you, tha Murchadh crotach ri do chluais (the Rev Murdo Mackenzie, Free Church Minister Inverness, who had a deformity of the spine, said this to his servant on his overhearing her saying to a young man flirting with her : “Leig às mi mun tig Murchadh crotach”)
besides adv 1 (a) a bhàrr air a sin
(b) a bharrachd (air a sin). And many more (or others) besides, agus mòran eile a bharrachd
(c) a thuilleadh (air a sin)
2 expressed with nan cois. And many more (or others) besides, agus mòran eile nan cois
3 (agus) co-dhiù. It is too late ; besides, I am tired, tha e ro anmoch ; agus co-dhiù, tha mi sgìth
besides prep 1 (a) a bhàrr air (plus dat)
(b) a bharrachd air (plus dat). And many more (or others) besides us, agus mòran eile a bharrachd òirnne
(c) a thuilleadh air (plus dat)
2 expressed with gun chunntadh, gun a bhith a’ cunntadh. We were four besides John, bha sinn ceathrar ann gun Iain a chunntadh (or gun a bhith a’ cunntadh Iain)
besides which adv phr expressed with (agus) gun luaidh air a sin. Besides which, he was ill, agus gun luaidh air a sin bha e gu tinn
besiege v tr cuir sèist m & f air, vn cur sèiste air. They besieged the castle, chuir iad sèist air a’ chaisteal
besmear v tr 1 salaich, vn salach m, salachadh m
2 eabair, vn eabradh m
3 sliob, vn sliobadh m
4 luidir, luidrich, vn luidreadh m
5 smeur, vn smeuradh m
besmeared a 1 salaichte
2 expressed with na eabair
3 sliobte
besom (of heather) n geug-fhraoich f, gen gèige-fraoich, pl geugan-fraoich. Give it a brush with the besom, dèan a sguabadh leis a’ gheug-fhraoich
bespatter v tr spolt, vn spoltadh. They bespattered their opponents with mud, spolt iad
best n 1 (a) an rud as fheàrr. He made the best of it, rinn e an rud as fheàrr dheth
(b) expressed with as fheàrr. He was the best of the lot of them (for working) on tin, ’s e b’ fheàrr den lot aca air an toi’n
2 (a) taghadh m. It the best of food, ’s e tagha a’ bhidhe a tha ann
(b) roghainn f. The best of cedar, roghainn de sheudar
all the best, a h-uile latha chì ’s nach fhaic
at best adv phr 1 airson na codach as fheàrr
2 expressed with an latha as fheàrr. He is not very well at best, chan eil e ro mhath an latha as fheàrr e
do your best 1 v phr expressed with dèan an rud as fheàrr as urrainn dut. She did her best anyway, rinn i an rud a b’ fheàrr a b’ urrainn dhi co-dhiù
2 expressed with dèan do dhìcheall, vn dèanamh do dhìcheall. I did my best, rinn mi mo dhìcheall. She was doing her best, bha i a’ dèanamh a dìcheall
like best v phr, see sv like v tr
of the best prep phr 1 dhen fheadhainn as fheàrr
2 expressed with de na h-eòin as fheàrr, or de na h-eòin. That fellow wasn’t of the best, cha robh am fear ud de na h-eòin a b’ fheàrr. John wasn’t of the best himself, cha robh Iain fhèin de na h-eòin
3 expressed with as fheàrr na chèile. They are fed with everything of the best, tha iad air am biathadh leis a h-uile nì as fheàrr na chéile
4 (a) expressed with rogha m (plus gen). I lost a knife of the best the other day, chaill mi rogha na sgine an là roimhe
(b) expressed with tagha m (plus gen). I lost a knife of the best the other day, chaill mi tagha na sgine an là roimhe
(c) expressed with brod m (plus gen). I lost a knife of the best the other day, chaill mi brod na sgine an là roimhe
that’s best (of all), ’s e sin as ro-feàrr
best sup a as fheàrr
best man n phr 1 gille m, pl gillean. Who will be you best man? cò an gille a bhitheas agad?
2 fleasgach m, gen & pl fleasgaich
best not a phr expressed with ’s e gun (a bhith). Oh well, it’s best not to say a word about it, ò uill, ’s e gun a bhith ag ràdh guth ma dheidhinn. It’s best not to say a thing to a living soul, ’s e gun ghuth a ràdh ri duine beò
best of all a phr 1 ’s fheàrr sam bith. It’s best of all, ’s e ’s fheàrr sam bith
2 as ro feàrr. That’s best of all, ’s e sin as ro feàrr
best thing n phr also expressed with as fheàrr. Are you married? — No — That’s the best thing, you can be permanently courting, a bheil thu pòsta? — Chan eil — ’S e sin as fheàrr, faodaidh tu bhith a’ suirghe gu bràch (remark made by Rev Mackinnon who was in Aultbea)
second best a phr san dara àite
best sup adv 1 (a) as fheàrr. She did it best, ’s ise b’ fheàrr a rinn e. People listen best when the information is of importance to them and when they have to take some action on it, is ann an uair a tha am fiosrachadh cudthromach dhaibh agus an uair a dh’fheumas iad a chuir gu buil ann an dòigh air choireigin as fheàrr a dh’èisteas daoine
(b) expressed with an dòigh as fheàrr. These are best used as…, an dòigh as fheàrr gus iad seo a chleachdadh ’s ann mar…
2 expressed with use of comp form of following a. They should consider whether the text is best suited to be read unaided, tha còir aca beachdachadh air co-dhiùbh a tha an teacsa nas freagarraiche airson a leughadh gun taice
bestial a 1 brùideil, comp brùideile
2 ainmheil, comp ainmheile
bestir v tr
bestir yourself v phr 1 (a) caraich, vn carachadh m
(b) cuir car dhìot, vn cur car dhìot. We’ll have to bestir ourselves, feumaidh sinn car a chur dhinn
2 (a) expressed with bi plus sgoinn f ort. Bestir yourself! bitheadh sgoinn ort!
(b) cuir sgoinn ort, vn cur sgoinn ort. If you don’t bestir yourself you wont get there in time, mur cuir thu sgoinn ort cha ruig thu ann an tìde
bestow v tr builich, vn buileachadh m. Everything God has bestowed on you, gach nì a bhuilich Dia ort
bet v tr 1 (a) (i) cuir geall, vn cur gill. I bet he won’t come, cuiridh mi geall nach tig e. I bet ten pounds on the horse, chuir mi geall deich not air an each
(ii) cuir an geall, vn cur an geall. What will you bet? dè chuireas tu an geall?
(b) cuir, vn cur. I bet ten pounds on the horse, chuir mi deich not air an each. The money that I bet on the horse, an t-airgead a chuir mi air an each. I’ll bet you ten to one she wont come, cuiridh mi deich air an aon dhut nach tig i
2 rach an urras, vn dol an urras. I bet she won’t come, thèid mi an urras nach tig i
you bet, boy! abair fhèin e, a bhalaich!
betting n 1 gealladh m, gen geallaidh
2 expressed with geall m, gen & pl gill. The betting ran high, bha gill throma ann
betting shop n phr bùth f gheall, gen bùtha gheall, pl bùthan gheall
betake v tr
betake yourself v phr 1 tog ort, vn togail ort. He betook himself to the hills, thog e air chon a’ mhonaidh
2 expressed with thoir ort fhèin, vn toirt ort fhèin. He betook himself to the city, thug e am baile mòr air fhèin
3 (a) falbh, vn falbh m. He betook himself to the city, dh’fhalbh e chon a’ bhaile mhòir
(b) imich, vn imeachd f. He betook himself to the city, dh’imich e chon a’ bhaile mhòir
4 gabh, vn gabhail (to, gu, or a dh’ionnsaigh). They betook themselves to fighting, ghabh iad chon na sabaid
betimes adv 1 tràth. Do it betimes, dèan tràth e
2 gu tràthail
betony n (Stachys officinalis) 1 beatanaidh m
2 lus-Beathaig m
betray v tr 1 brath, vn brathadh m. He that betrayed him, esan a bhrath e
2 dèan feall air, vn dèanamh feall air
3 leig ris, vn leigeil ris. That betrays your bad intention, tha sin a’ leigeil ris do dhroch rùin
betrayer n 1 (a) neach-brathaidh m, gen neach-bhrathaidh, pl luchd-bhrathaidh
(b) brathadair m, pl brathadairean
2 mealltair m, pl mealltairean
betroth v tr geall ann am pòsadh, vn gealladh ann am pòsadh. He betrothed his daughter to him, gheall e a nighean ann am pòsadh dha
betrothed a fo ghealladh-pòsaidh
betrothal n 1 (espousal) rèiteach m, gen & pl rèitich
2 (a) gealladh-pòsaidh m, gen geallaidh-phòsaidh, pl geallaidhean-pòsaidh
(b) ceangal-pòsaidh m, gen & pl ceangail-phòsaidh
better n expressed with nas fheàrr, as fheàrr
any the better a phr expressed with as fheàrr. I think I may say that they didn’t get on any the better, saoilidh mi gum faod mi a ràdh nach b’ fheàrr a dh’èirich dhaibh
2 expressed with chan ann … as fheàrr. It wasn’t any the better during those hot days at all, cha b’ ann ris na làithichean teth ud a b’ fheàrr i idir
be the better of a phr expressed with is fheàirrde. We’re the better of that, ’s fheàirrde sin siod (always said after food). I was none the better of it, cha b’ fheàirrde mi idir e. I don’t think he’s a bit the better of Donald, cha chreid mi gum b’ fheàirrd e Dòmhnall dad. That’s something else the matter wasn’t the better of, sin rud eile nach b’ fheàirrd a’ chùis (ie “that’s something else that made matters worse”)
be none the better of a phr expressed with neg plus is fheàirrde. he’s none the better of her being as daft as she is, chan fheàirrd e ise bhi na gabhd mar tha i. They’ve gone, and there aren’t any, and things are none the better of that, dh’fhalbh iad, ’s chan eil iad ann, ’s chan fheàirrd an saoghal sin
get the better of v phr 1 brathaich air, vn brathachadh air. The fire got the better of him three times today, bhrathaich an teine air an diugh trì troibean. The sheep were getting the better of us, bha na caoraich a’ brathachadh oirnn. Though things get the better of them in the end, ged a tha rudan a’ brathachadh orra an dèidh sin
2 dèan an gnothach air, vn dèanamh a’ ghnothaich air. He won’t get the better of me at all, cha dèan e an gnothach orm idir
better comp a nas fhèarr, as fheàrr. I am feeling better today, tha mi a’ faireachdainn nas fheàrr an diugh. Peggy actually looks far better than her, ’s e Peigi as fheàrr a tha a’ coimhead na i, fada. This will be better for you, bidh seo nas fheàrr dhut. It would be better for you to do it, bhiodh e na b’ fheàrr dhutsa dhèanamh. It couldn’t be better, cha b’ urrainn e bhith na b’ fheàrr. baking soda was better for me than anything else, ’s e soda ’n arain a b’ fheàrr dhomh dhe na gheobhainn. It was actually far better, ’s e b’ fhìor fheàrr. It is better than it looks, tha e nas fheàrr na choltas. You know better, ’s ann agad fhèin as fhèarr a tha fios. We had better say nothing about it, ’s fheàrr dhuinn gun guth a ràdh ma dheidhinn
better not a phr 1 expressed with’s fheàrr plus gun. We had better not say a word about it, ’s fheàrr dhuinn gun guth a ràdh ma dheidhinn. Oh well, it’s better not to say a word about it, ò uill, ’s fheàrr gun a bhith ag ràdh guth ma dheidhinn
one is no better than the other, chan fheàrr siùd no seud dhiubh (saying)
better comp adv 1 nas fhèarr, as fheàrr. She did it better than him, rinn ise e na b’ fheàrr na esan. She did it better, ’s ise b’ fheàrr a rinn e. If it’s what you understand better, mas e ’s fheàrr a thuigeas tu. Since it’s what you understand better, bhon as e ’s fheàrr a thuigeas tu. It wouldn’t suit you any better, cha b’ fheàrr na sin thigeadh e dhut. The better preserved of these two roundhouses is to the east, ’s e am fear a tha gun ear as fheàrr a tha air a ghlèidheadh den dà thaigh-chruinn seo
2 expressed with barrachd plus gen. Readers will be better able to comprehend the content of a text, bidh barrachd comais aig luchd-leughaidh air na tha anns an teacsa a thuigsinn
better off a phr 1 nas fheàrr dheth
2 nas fheàrr. So one would be better off in a little thatched house, bhiodh neach na b’ fheàrr a-rèiste ann am bothan tughaidh
do better, be better v phr b’ fheàrr dha. You’d do better not to listen to the wireless, the things that are on it, b’ fheàrr dhut gun a bhith ag èisteachd ris a’ wireless, na rudan a th’ oirr’. You’d be much better to stay at home, ’s fheàrr dhut mòran fuireach aig an taigh
had better v aux is fheàrr do. We had better do it, ’s fheàrr dhuinn a dhèanamh. Hadn’t we better go to bed? nach fheàrr dhuinn a bhith ‘ a’ dol a laighe
between prep 1 (a) eadar (not leniting) (plus rad)
(pronominal forms) eadarainn(e) or eadrainn(e), eadaraibh(se), eatarra(san)
There was a big difference between her and the other one, bha diofar mòr eadar i is an tè eile. There is no difference between you and me, chan eil diofar sam bith eadar mise is tusa. What came between us? dè thàinig eadarainn? Between ourselves, eadarainn fhèin. Between you, me and the gatepost, eadarainn fhèin is ceann an taighe. There’s a great difference between them, tha diofar mòr eatarra. There’s not much time between them, chan eil mòran ùine eatarra. They made an agreement between them, rinn aid còrdadh eatarra. Between Glasgow and Edinburgh, eadar Glaschu is Dùn Èideann. Between jest and earnest, eadar fealla-dhà is da-rìribh. No clear separation can be made between the four outcomes, cha ghabh sgaradh soilleir a dhèanamh eadar na ceithir builean. Assessment should assist in building a positive relationship between teacher and pupil, tha còir aig measadh a bhith a’ cuideachadh ann a bhith a’ togail dàimh dheimhinnich eadar an tidsear agus am pàiste. This secondary stress is clearly less than the two main stresses between which it occurs, tha an darnacha cudthrom seo gu follaiseach nas lugha na an dà phrìomh chudthrom eadar a bheil e a’ tachairt
(b) eadar (leniting) (plus rad). Between little and big there are eleven of them (of children), eadar bheag is mhòr tha iad aon phearsa deug ann
2 le (plus dat). Using objectives agreed between teachers and pupils, a’ cleachdadh amasan a tha air an aontachadh leis an tidsear agus a’ chloinn
between them prep phr 1 eatarra
2 expressed with san eadraiginn. Two sheep started fighting, and then another one came between them, thòisich dà chaora air sabaid, agus a-rithist thàinig tè eile san eadraiginn
in between adv phr 1 eatarra sin. They may be in Gaelic Learners classes beginning either in P1, or in S2, or at points in between, faodaidh iad a bhith ann an clasaichean luchd-ionnsachaidh, agus iad a’ tòiseachadh air a’ Ghàidhlig ann am B1 no an A1, no aig ìre air choireigin eatarra sin
2 expressed with san eadraiginn. Two sheep started fighting, and then another one came in between, thòisich dà chaora air sabaid, agus a-rithist thàinig tè eile san eadraiginn
bevel n 1 beibheal m, gen beibheil, pl beibhealan
2 oir f fhiar, gen oire fiaire, pl oirean fiara
3 oiseann f, gen oisinn, pl oisnean
bevel v tr 1 beibhealaich, vn beibhealadh m
2 (a) cuir oir fhiar air, vn cur oire fiaire air
3 oisinnich, vn oisinneachadh m
(b) cuir oiseann air, vn cur oisinn air
bevelled a 1 beibhealta
2 (a) fiar, comp fiara
(b) air fiaradh
3 oisinneach, comp oisinniche
bevelled edge n phr 1 oir f bheibhealta, gen oire beibhealta, pl oirean beibhealta
2 oir f fhiar, gen oire fiaire, pl oirean fiara
3 oir f oisinneach, gen oire oisinnich, pl oirean oisinneach
bevel-wheel n 1 roth m beibhealta, gen rotha bheibhealta, pl rothan beibhealta
2 roth m oisinneach, gen rotha oisinnich, pl rothan oisinneach
bevel-gear n 1 giothar-beibhealta m, gen giothair bheibhealta
2 obair-oisinneach f, gen obrach oisinnich
bewail v tr 1 caoidh airson, vn caoidh airson
2 dèan tuireadh airson, vn dèanamh tuiridh airson
beware v tr 1 thoir an aire, vn toirt an aire (of, air)
2 bi air t’fhaiceall (of, ro)
bewilder v tr 1 cuir iomrall, vn cur iomrall
2 cuir ann an ceò, vn cur ann an ceò. They just bewildered me, chuir iad dìreach nam cheò mi
3 cuir am breislich, vn cur am breislich
bewildered a 1 nad cheò
2 nad bhreislich
become bewildered v phr rach am breislich, vn dol am breislich. I became bewildered, chaidh mi am breislich
bewildering a expressed with cuir am breislich, vn cur am breislich. He was faced with a bewildering array of forms, bha sreath de riochdan mu choinneim a chuireadh neach na bhreislich
bewitch v tr 1 cuir fo gheasaibh, vn cur fo gheasaibh
2 (a) cuir draoidheachd air, vn cur draoidheachd air
(b) cuir buidseachd air, vn cur buidseachd air
3 meall, vn mealladh m
bewitched a 1 fo gheasaibh
2 expressed with draoidheachd ort. I’m bewitched, bothered and bewildered, btha draoidheachd, dragh is drip orm
bewitching a meallach. She was a bewitching creature, ’s e tè mheallach dha-rìreabh a bh’ innte
beyond adv thall
beyond prep 1 (a) seach (plus rad). Beyond Level E, seach Ìre E. Beyond those offered at Level E. Seach na thathar a’ tairgse aig Ìre E. For some time beyond the immersion period, car greiseig seach an ùine dhrùdhaidh. In and beyond the environment of the school, ann an àrainneachd na sgoile agus seach sin. The teacher can also go beyond the immediate purposes of the reading, faodaidh an tidsear a dhol seach nan adhbhar leughaidh a tha ann an-ceartuair
(b) seachad air (plus dat). Beyond the cliff formed by the ridge of rock one arrives at a large hill-field, seachad air a’ chreagan a tha an druim creige a’ dèanamh an seo thigear gu achadh mòr
2 os cionn (plus gen). The attainment targets are not intended to be ceilings beyond which learning does not progress, tha e a-cheart cho fìor nach eilear a’ ciallachadh gu bheil na cuimsean coileanaidh cho àrd ’s nach eil ionnsachadh a’ dol os an cionn
3 thairis air (plus dat). Beyond many, thairis air mòran. He went beyond that, chaidh e thairis air sin. Helping them to go beyond the simple statement, gan cuideachadh gus a dhol thairis air ràdh sìmplidh
4 thar (plus gen). It is beyond expression, tha e thar labhairt. The millions beyond counting, na milleanan thart chunntais. Teachers will take pupils beyond purely literal responses, bheir na tidsearan a’ chlann thar fhreagairt a tha litireil a-mhàin. They will write about matters which go beyond their real-life experiences, bidh iad a’ sgrìobhadh mu nithean a tha a’ dol thar am fiosrachaidh anns an t-saoghal sa bheil iad beò
5 air taobh thall (plus gen)
6 (except) (a) a thuilleadh air (plus dat)
(b) ach. He has nothing but his wages, chan eil nì ach a thuarastal aige
bias n 1 (a) claonadh m, gen claonaidh
(b) claon-bheachd m. To identify elements such as bias, gu bhith a’ comharrachadh nithean mar tha claon-bheachd
(c) claon-bhreith f. Fact and opinion are used to discuss the identification of intentional or unintentional bias, bithear a’ cleachdadh fìrinn agus beachd gus beachdachadh air a bhith a’ cur aithne air claon-bhreith, biodh sin san rùn no air a chaochladh
(d) claon-bhàidh f
2 leathtrom m, gen leathtruim
bib n 1 boibidh m, pl boibidhean. I’ll put your bib on, cuiridh mi do bhoibidh ort
2 brèid-uchd m, pl brèidean-uchd
best bib an tucker n phr expressed with aodach m caomhnaidh, gen aodaich chaomhnaidh. She had on her best bib and tucker, bha i agus a h-aodach caomhnaidh oirre
bib n (Trisopterus luscus), see pout n
bible n bìoball m, gen & pl bìobaill. The Holy Bible, am Bìoball Naomh
biblical a 1 bìoballach
2 sgriobtarail
bibliographer n leabhar-eòlaiche m, pl leabhar-eòlaichean
bibliographic(al) a leabhar-eòlasach
bibliography n 1 leabhar-eòlas m, gen leabhar-eòlais
2 (a) clàr m leabhraichean, gen clàir leabhraichean, pl clàran leabhraichean
(b) also leabhar-chlàr m, gen leabhar-chlàir, pl leabhar-chlàran
3 liosta f leabhraichean, pl liostaichean leabhraichean ; also leabhar-liosta f, pl leabhar-liostaichean
biceps n fèith f dhà-cheannach, gen fèithe dà-cheannaich
bicker v i 1 bi a’ dranndan (with, ri). He’s bickering, tha e a’ dranndan. They’re bickering with each other, tha iad a’ dranndan ri chèile
2 (including the sense of witty, cutting talk — “gearradh-cainnt”) bi a’ cabastaireachd
bickering n cabastaireachd f
bicycle n 1 baidhsagal m, gen baidhsagail, pl baidhsagalan
2 rothair m, pl rothairean
3 dà-chuibhleach m, gen dà-chuibhlich, pl dà-chuibhlichean
bid n 1 tairgse f, pl tairgsean
2 (informal) boi’d m, pl boi’dachan
bid v tr & i 1 (at auction) thoir tairgse, vn toirt tairgse (for, air). He bid ten pounds for it, thug e tairgse de deich not air
2 iarr, vn iarraidh m
3 àithn, vn àithne f, àithneadh m
4 (cards) glaodh, vn glaodhach m. I bid three hearts, tha mi a’ glaodhach trì heart
bid farewell v phr fàg beannachd aig, vn fàgail beannachd aig. He bid them farewell, dh’fhàg e beannachd aca. He left without bidding anyone goodbye, dh’fhalbh e gun beannachd fhàgail aig duine
bid welcome v phr cuir fàilte air, vn cur fàilte air
bidden expressed with iarr, vn iarraidh m. Do as your bidden, dèan mar a thèid iarraidh ort
bidding n 1 (at auction) expressed with tairgsean f pl. The bidding opened at ten pounds, thòisich na tairgsean aig deich not. The bidding rapidly rose to ten thousand, chaidh na tairgsean gu luath suas gu deich mìle
2 expressed with iarr, vn iarraidh m. He does my bidding well enough, nì e mar a dh’iarras mi air math gu leòr
3 (cards) glaodhach m, gen glaodhaich. He is poor at bidding, chan eil e math air a’ ghlaodhach
biddable a 1 umhailte. The children were quite biddable today, bha a’ chlann gu math umhailte an diugh
2 so-chomhairleach, comp so-chomhairliche
bide v i 1 fuirich, vn fuireach m
2 (a) gabh còmhnaidh, vn gabhail còmhnaidh
(b) bi a chòmhnaidh
bide your time v phr fuirich ort, vn fuireach ort. You bide your time, fuirich thusa ort. He can bide his time, fuiricheadh e air
biennial n (plant) dà-bhliadhnag f, gen dà-bhliadhnaig, pl dà-bhliadhnagan. Annuals and biennials, bliadhnagan agus dà-bhliadhnagan
biennial a dà-bhliadhnach
bier n 1 carbad-giùlain m, gen carbaid-ghiùlain, pl carbadan-giùlain
2 carbad m, gen carbaid, pl carbadan
big a 1 mòr, comp motha, mò. A big boy, balach mòr. Between little and big there are eleven of them (of children), eadar bheag is mhòr tha iad aon phearsa deug ann
2 tapaidh. A big boy, he was eight pounds, balach tapaidh, bha ochd puinnd ann
great big a phr 1 fìor mhòr
2 mòr mòr. Red cattle with great big horns, crodh ruadh is adharcan mór mór orra
bigamist n dà-chèileach m, gen & pl dà-chèilich
bigamy n dà-chèileachas m, gen dà-chèileachais
bigot n 1 dalm-bheachdaiche m, pl dalm-bheachdaichean
2 dall-chreidmhiche m, pl dall-chreidmhichean
bigoted a expressed with dalm-bheachd m. He had many bigoted opinions, bha iomadh dalm-bheachd aige. He was rather bigoted, bha e le dalm-bheachd gu ìre
bigotry n 1 dalm-bheachd m
2 dall-chreideamh m, gen dall-chreideimh
bike n (informal) bàic m, pl bàicichean ; baidhc m, pl baidhcichean
bilabial n dà-liopach m, gen & pl dà-liopaich
bilabial a dà-liopach
bilateral a dà-thaobhach
bilberry n (Vaccinium myrtillus) n 1 (a) dearc-fhraoich f, gen dearca-fraoich, pl dearcan-fraoich ; also dearcag-fhraoich f, gen dearcaig-fraoich, pl dearcagan-fraoich
(b) dearc-coille f, gen dearca-coille, pl dearcan-coille
2 caora-mhitheag f
bilberry, northern n (Vaccinium uliginosum) n dearc-fhraoich f thuathach, gen dearca-fraoich tuathaich, pl dearcan-fraoich tuathach
bile n domblas m, gen idomblais
bilingual a dà-chànanach. In bilingual schools, ann an sgoiltean dà-chànanach. Bilingual and multilingual children and adults are an asset, is nì feumail e clann agus inbhich dhà-chànanach agus ioma-chànanach a bhith ann
bilingualism n dà-chànanas m, gen dà-chànanais. The advantages of bilingualism should have an important place in teaching and learning, bu chòir àite cudthromach a bhith aig na buannachdan a tha an cois dà-chànanais ann an teagasg ’s ann an ionnsachadh
bilious a domblasach, comp domblasaiche
bilious attack n phr, biliousness n 1 (properly) a’ ghlas-sheile f, gen na glas-sheile
2 (familiar = nausea or vomiting) (a) tligheachd f. He was off school with a bilious attack, bha e den sgoil le tligheachd air
(b) cliabh-sgeathrach f, gen cliabh-sgeathraich
bill n (of bird) gob m, gen guib, pl guib, goban
bill n 1 (account) (a) cunntas m, gen cunntais, pl cunntasan
(b) bileag f, gen bileig, pl bileagan
2 (parliamentary) bile m, pl bilean
bill of fare n phr clàr m bidhe, gen & pl clàir bhidhe
bill of sale n phr bile m reic, pl bilean reic
billet-doux n litir-leannanachd f, gen litreach-leannanachd, pl litrichean-leannanachd
billion n billean m, gen billein, pl billeanan
billow n 1 tonn m & f, gen tuinn, tuinne, pl tuinn, tonnan. On the billows, air na tonnan
2 sumainn f, pl sumainnean
bin n biona, bine f, pl bionaichean, binichean
binary a 1 dà-fhillte
2 càraideach
3 dà-àireimh, Binary opposition, aghaidheachadh dà-àireimh
bind v tr 1 ceangail, vn ceangal m
2 cuibhrich, vn cuibhreachadh m
3 naisg, vn nasgadh m
bound a 1 ceangailte
2 air a cheangal
bound hand and foot a phr expressed with ceangal nan còig caol. He was bound hand and foot, bha ceangal nan còig caol air
bound to a phr 1 expressed with mar dhleastanas air plus infin. He is (duty) bound to do it, tha e mar dhleastanas air a dhèanamh
2 (a)expressed with chan urrainn plus neg. He is bound to come, chan urrainn dha gun tighinn. He is bound to win, chan urrainn nach buannaich e
(b) expressed with chan eil seachnadh air gu. It is bound to happen, chan eil seachnadh air gun tachair e
I’ll be bound, thèid mi an urras. He’ll come, I’ll be bound, thig e, thèid mi an urras
binder n (corn binder) ceangladair m, pl ceangladairean
bindweed, black n (Fallopia convolvulus) glùineach-dhubh f, gen glùinich-duibhe
bindweed, copse n (Fallopia dumetorum) glùineach-dhoire f, gen glùinich-doire
bindweed, field n (Convolvulus arvensis) iadh-lus m achaidh
bindweed, great n (Calystegia silvatica) iadh-lus m mòr, gen iadh-lus mhòir
bindweed, hairy n (Calystegia pulchra) iadh-lus m molach, gen iadh-lus mholaich
bindweed, hedge n (Calystegia sepium) iadh-lus m callaid
bindweed, sea n (Calystegia soldanella) flùr m a’ Phrionnsa, gen flùir a’ Phrionnsa
biochemical a bith-cheimiceach
biochemist n bith-cheimicear m, gen bith-cheimiceir, pl bith-cheimicearan
biochemistry n bith-cheimiceachd f
biodegradable a bith-chnàmhach, comp bith-chnàmhaiche
biographer n beath-eachdraiche m, pl beath-eachdraichean
biographical a 1 beath-eachdraidheil
2 (a) expressed with de dh’eachdraidh beatha. Short biographical items, pìosan goirid de dh’eachdraidh beatha
(b) expressed with mu bheatha. Biographical details about poets, fiosrachadh mu bheatha nam bàrd
biography n 1 eachdraidh f bheatha, pl eachdraidhean beatha
2 beath-eachdraidh f, gen beath-eachdraidhe, pl beath-eachdraidhean
biological a bith-eòlasach. Biological weathering, sìde-chaitheamh bith-eòlasach
biologist n bith-eòlaiche m, pl bith-eòlaichean
biology n bith-eòlas m, gen bith-eòlais
biosphere n 1 bith-chruinne f
2 bith-sfear m
biotite n (mineralogy) bioitit f
biped n dà-chasach m, gen & pl dà-chasaich
birch n (Betula spp.) beith, beithe m & f. It’s birch, ’s e beith a th’ ann. In the birch wood, anns a’ choille bheith. Even the birch is growing there, tha am beithe fhèin a’ fàs a sin
birch, downy n (Betula pubescens) beithe f chlòimheach, gen beithe clòimhich
birch, dwarf n (Betula nana) beithe f bheag, gen beithe bige
birch, silver n (Betula pendula) 1 beithe f gheal, gen beithe gile
2 beithe f dhubhach, gen beithe dubhaich
birch-tree n craobh-bheithe f, gen craoibhe-beithe, pl craobhan-beithe
bird n 1 eun m, gen & pl eòin
2 eunlaith f, gen eunlaithe. The black grouse cock and the hen are there, every kind of bird is there, tha an coileach-dubh ’s tha an liath-chearc ann, tha a h-uile seòrsa dh’eunlaith ann (song)
birds n pl eunlaith f, gen eunlaithe
cock bird n phr coileach m, gen & pl coilich
early bird n phr neach m na mochaireach, pl luchd na mochaireach
hen bird n phr cearc f, gen circe, pl cearcan
bird cherry n (Prunus padus), see cherry, bird n
birdie n eunan m, gen eunain, pl eunanan. From tree to tree the birdie, from mouth to mouth the yawn, bho chraoibh gu craobh an t-eunan, bho bheul gu beul am meuran (saying)
birdsfoot n (Ornithopus perpusillus) crùbh-eòin m
birdsfoot, orange n (Ornithopus pinnatus) crùbh-eòin m orains
birdsfoot trefoil, (common) n (Lotus corniculatus) bàrr m a’ mhìslein (cumanta), gen barra mhìslein (chumanta)
birdsfoot trefoil, greater n (Lotus uliginosus) bàrr m a’ mhìslein mòr, gen barra mhìslein mhòir
birdsfoot trefoil, hairy n (Lotus subbiflorus = L. hispidus) bàrr m a’ mhìslein molach, gen barra mhìslein mholaich
birdsfoot trefoil, long-fruited (= birdsfoot trefoil, slender) n (Lotus angustissimus) bàrr m a’ mhìslein fad-mheasach, gen barra mhìslein fhad-mheasaich
birdsfoot trefoil, marsh (= birdsfoot trefoil, greater) n (Lotus uliginosus) bàrr m a’ mhìslein fèithe, gen barra mhìslein fhèithe
birdsfoot trefoil, narrow-leaved n (Lotus tenuis) bàrr m a’ mhìslein caol-dhuilleagach, gen barra mhìslein chaol-dhuilleagaich
birdsfoot trefoil, slender n (Lotus angustissimus) bàrr m a’ mhìslein caol, gen barra mhìslein chaoil
birdsnest, yellow n (Monotropa hypopitys) nead-eòin m buidhe, gen nead-eoin bhuidhe
birth n 1 breith f, pl breithean
2 expressed with sinnsireachd f
birth certificate n phr teisteanas m breith, gen teisteanais bhreith, pl teisteanasan breith
birth rate n phr ràta f bhreith, pl ràtaichean breith
give birth to v phr beir, vn breith f. The sheep had a lot of trouble giving birth to it, fhuair a’ chaora a sàrachadh ga bhreith
birthday n 1 (a) co-là-breith m, pl co-làithean-breith
(b) là-breith m, pl làithean-breith
2 ceann m bliadhna. gen & pl cinn bhliadhna
he was in his birthday suit, bha e dearg rùisgte
birthright n còir-bhreith f, gen còire-breith, còrqach-breith, pl còraichean-breith
birthwort n (Aristolochia clematitis) lus-breith m, gen lus-bhreith
biscuit n briosgaid f, pl briosgaidean. There’s a packet of biscuits on the table there, tha pacaid bhriosgaid air a’ bhòrd a sin
bisect v tr 1 dèan dà leth air, vn dèanamh dà leth air
2 gearr sa mheadhan, vn gearradh sa mheadhan
bishop n easbaig, m, pl easbaigean
bishop’s mitre n (Aelia acuminata) crùn-easbaig m, gen crùin-easbaig, pl crùintean-easbaig
bishop’s weed n (Aegopodium podagraria), see elder, ground n
bismuth n biosmat m, gen biosmait
bismuthinite n biosmatainit f
bison n (Bison bonasus) bìoson m, gen & pl bìosoin
bison, American n (Bison bison) bìoson m Ameireaganach, gen bìosoin Ameireaganaich, pl bìosoin Ameireaganach
bistort, (common) n (Polygonum bistorta) glùineach-bhiostoirt f (chumanta), gen glùinich-biostoirt (cumanta)
2 glùineach-nathrach f (chumanta), gen glùinich-nathrach (cumanta)
bistort, alpine n (Polygonum viviparum) glùineach f Ailpeach, gen glùinich Ailpich
bistort, amphibious n (Polygonum amphibium) glùineach an uisge f, gen glùinich an uisge
bit n 1 criomag f, gen criomaig, pl criomagan. It was a little bit nearer the shore, bha e criomag na b’ fhaisg air a’ chladach. A bit south above Donald’s ground, criomag shuas os cinn talamh Dhòmhnaill. The fish was breaking into bits in the pan, bha ’n t-iasg a’ falbh na chriomagan air a’ phana
2 caob m, pl caoban. I got a bit of venison from the butcher, fhuair mi caob fèidhfheoil bhon bhuidsear. The houses are a good bit apart, tha na taighean caob math bho chèile
3 sprodag f, gen sprodaig, pl sprodagan. Bring in a wee bit of wood, thoir a-steach sprodag fiodh. There are bits on the carpet, tha sprodagan air a’ charpat
4 bloigh f, gen bloighe, pl bloighean. There’s a bit of a dinner there I can eat, tha bloigh dìothad a sin a dh’fhaodas mi ghabhail. They gave me a bit of a song, thug iad dhomh bloigh de dh’òran
5 gràin, gràine f. He ate every bit, dh’ith e a h-uile gràin. There wasn’t a bit to be had, cha robh gràine ri fhaighinn. The smoke was blowing down before, every bit, bha an ceò roimhe a’ tilleadh, a h-uile gràin
5 mìr m, gen mìre, pl mìrean. He ate every bit, dh’ith e a h-uile mìr
6 smod m. Every bit (of ground) in the village used previously to be cultivated, bhathar ag àiteach a h-uile smod anns a’ bhaile roimhe. There’s not a bit of snow on the mountains, chan eil smod sneachd air na beanntaichean
7 roinneag f, gen roinneig. There’s not a bit of snow on the mountains, chan eil roinneag shneachd air na beanntaichean
8 (a) bìd m, gen bìde, pl bìdean
(b) bìdeag f, gen bìdeig, pl bìdeagan
(c) boi’d m. I ploughed every bit of that ground, threabh mi a h-uile boi’d talmhuinn a tha sin
9 ealbh m. It’s a bit cold, tha e ealbh fuar. I’m a little bit deaf, tha mi ealbh beag bodhar. His voice was getting a little bit rough sometimes, bha an guth aige a’ fàs ealbh beag garbh uaireannan
10 (of something soft, but not entirely liquid, eg of porridge, brose, pudding, jelly, but not soup, broth) sgobag f, gen sgobaig, pl sgobagan. I’ll take a bit of porridge, gabhaidh mi sgobag lit. Take a bit with the spoon, tog sgobag air an spàin. He’s cleaning a (wee) bit out of the byre, tha e a’ toirt sgobag às a’ bhàitheach
11 (with neg) deò f. I haven’t a bit of pain, chan eil deò phian orm. There isn’t a bit of wind, chan eil deò ghaoth ann. I don’t know a bit (about it), chan eil deò dh’fhios agam
a bit adv phr expressed with bloigh f. I think I recognise the woman a bit, tha mi a’ dèanamh bloigh aithneachaidh air a’ bhoireannach, cha chreid mi
bit by bit adv phr 1 (a) a lìon beag is beag
(b) beag air bheag
2 uidh air n-uidh
3 expressed with pronn. It’s eaten just bit by bit, ’s ann pronn a dh’ithear e
bit missing n phr expressed with cab m, pl caban. When i looked there was a bit missing out of the moon, nuair a thug mi sùil ’s ann a bha cab às a’ ghealaich
every bit as adv phr a cheart cho. The new one is every bit as big, tha am fear ùr a cheart cho mòr
in bits adv phr expressed with na mhonasg. They were in bits, bha iad nam monasg. After the accident the cars were just in bits, às dèidh na tubaist bha na càraichean nam monasg
tiny bit, tiniest bit n phr expressed with bìdeag f, gen bìdeig, pl bìdeagan. I didn’t recognise the tiniest bit of you, cha d’aithnich mi bìdeag dhìot
bit n (horse’s) cabstair m, pl cabstairean
bitch n 1 galla f, pl gallachan. They were at a fox den and they got the dog, the bitch and the whelps, bha iad aig saobhaidh mada-ruaidh agus fhuair iad an cù, a’ ghalla is na cuileanan
2 soigh f, gen soighe, pl soighean ; also saigh f, gen saighe, pl saighean
3 (as insult) bidse f, pl bidseachan. You bitch! a bhidse!
bite n 1 greim m, gen greime, pl greimeannan, greimean. I took a bite out of it, thug mi greim às. She took big bites of it, bha i a’ toirt ghreimeannan mòr às
2 (morsel) sgeamhadh m, gen sgeamhaidh. I didn’t eat a bite today, cha d’ith mi sgeamhadh an diugh. You’re not eating a bite, chan eil thu ag ithe sgeamhadh. You’re going to get a bite (to eat), tha thu a’ dol a dh’fhaighinn sgeamhadh
3 spiol m. He ate every bite, dh’ith e a h-uile spiol
4 (a) bìd m, gen bìde, pl bìdean
(b) bìdeadh m, gen bìdidh, pl bìdidhean
5 (in fishing) (a) sgobadh m, gen sgobaidh, pl sgobaidhnean. I felt a bite, dh’fhairich mi sgobadh. I can feel a bite, tha mi a’ faireachdainn sgobadh. I got a bite, fhuair mi sgobadh. The fish made a bite, rinn an t-iasg sgobadh. I didn’t get anything but a couple of bites, cha d’fhuair mi dad ach sgobadh na dhà
(b) (a quick bite or tug) spiodadh m, gen spiodaidh, pl spiodaidhean. I got a couple of bites, fhuair mi spiodadh na dhà
take bites at (in fishing) v phr bi a’ sgobadh. The fish was taking bites at the bait, bha ’n t-iasg a’ sgobadh a’ bhiadhaidh
bite v tr 1 geàrr, vn gearradh m. The dog bit me, gheàrr an cù mi. His dog bites sometimes, gearraidh an cù aige uaireannan
2 expressed with cuir na fiaclan an, vn cur nam fiaclan an. Don’t bite your sister, na bi a’ cur nam fiaclan nad phiuthar. It won’t bite, cha chuir e na fiaclan annad
3 thoir greim à, vn toirt greime à. Donald bit me, thug Dòmhnall greim asam. It won’t bite, cha toir e greim asad
4 bìd, vn bìdeadh
5 (of insect) sgob, vn sgobadh m. The midge bit me, sgob a’ mheanbhchuileag mi. I’ve been bitten by a cleg, sgob creithleag mi, or fhuair mi sgobadh bho chreithleag
bite nails v phr bi a’ caobadh nan ìnean. Don’t bite your nails, na bi a’ caobadh t’ìnean. He bites his nails, bidh e caobadh ’ìnean
biting a 1 expressed with a sgobas
2 bìdeach
bitter a 1 searbh, comp seirbhe. It has a bitter taste, tha blas searbh dheth. Some kinds of water are more bitter than others, tha cuid a dh’uisgeachan nas seirbhe na chèile
2geur, comp geòire
3 cairtidh. This tea is too bitter, tha ’n teatha seo ro chairtidh
4 craobhaidh. It’s bitter (cold) tonight, tha i craobhaidh a-nochd
5 (mental attitude) (a) guineach, comp guiniche
(b) neimheil, comp neimheala
bitterly cold a phr 1 craobhaidh fuar. It’s bitterly cold tonight, tha i craobhaidh fuar a-nochd
2 (a) gointe fuar. It was bitterly cold last night, bha i gointe fuar a-raoir
(b) expressed with gonadh fuachd. It was bitterly cold, bha gonadh fuachd ann
3 (a) expressed with neimh m. It’s bitterly cold, tha neimh ann
(b) expressed with neimheil a. It’s bitterly cold, tha e neimheil. There was a storm which was bitterly cold, bha caoir ann is i neimheil (song)
bittercress, coralroot n (Cardamine bulbifera) searbh-bhiolair fhreumh-chorail, gen searbh-bhiolair freumh-chorail
bittercress, hairy n (Cardamine hirsuta) searbh-bhiolair mholach, gen searbh-bhiolair molaich
bittercress, large n (Cardamine amara) searbh-bhiolair mhòr, gen searbh-bhiolair mòire
bittercress, narrow-leaved n (Cardamine impatiens) searbh-bhiolair chaol-dhuilleagach, gen searbh-bhiolair caol-dhuilleagaich
bittercress, wavy n (Cardamine flexuosa) searbh-bhiolair chasta, gen searbh-bhiolair casta
bitterling n (Rhodeus sericeus) searbhan m, gen & pl searbhain
bittern n (Botaurus stellaris) 1 bonnan m, gen & pl bonnain
2 (a) (i) corra-ghràin f, pl corrachan-gràin, corran-gràin
(ii) corra-ghrian f, pl corrachan-grian, corran-grian
(b) gràineag f, gen gràineig, pl gràineagan
bittern, American n (Botaurus lentiginosus) bonnan m Ameireaganach, gen bonnain Ameireaganaich, pl bonnain Ameireaganach
bittern, little n (Ixobrychus minutus) bonnan m beag, gen bonnain bhig, pl bonnain bheaga
bitterness n 1 (a) searbhachd f
(b) searbhlachd f
2 neimh m
bittersweet n (Solanum dulcamara) searbhag-mhilis f. gen seirbheig-milis
bitumen n bitiuman m, gen bitiumain
bituminous a bitiumanach
black n expressed with dubh a. When he died they didn’t wear the least bit of black, nuair a chaochail e cha do chuir iad ciotag dhubh orra
black a 1 dubh, comp duibhe. As black as the raven, cho dubh ris an fhitheach (saying). This one is blacker, tha am fear-sa nas duibh
2 dorch, comp duirche
3 (of mood) gruamach
black and blue a phr expressed with fuil f bhrùite. There’s a black and blue bruise on your leg, tha bruthadh air do chas is fuil bhrùite ann
black and white a phr grìseann. A black and white and grey cow, bò ghrìseann ghlas
black eye n phr sùil f ghorm, gen sùla guirme, pl sùilean gorma. She has a black eye, tha sùil ghorm innte
black look n phr droch shùil f, pl droch shùilean. He was giving me black looks, bha e a’ toirt droch shùil orm
black magic n phr sgoil f dhubh, gen sgoile duibhe
black out v phr 1 (become unconscious) rach bho chainnt, vn dol bho chainnt. He blacked out, chaidh e bho chainnt
2 (obliterate) dubh a-mach, vn dubhadh a-mach
Black Watch pr n (regiment) Am Freiceadan Dubh, gen An Fhreiceadain Dhuibh
blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) n smeur f, gen smeura, pl smeuran
blackberry-bush n (Rubus fruticosus) dris f, gen drise, pl drisean
blackbird (Turdus merula) n lon-dubh m, gen loin-duibh, pl loin-dubha, lonan-dubha
blackboard n bòrd-dubh m, gen bùird-dhuibh, pl buird-dhubha, bùird-dubha
blackbuck, Indian n (Antilope cervicapra) dubh-bhoc m Innseanach, gen dubh-bhuic Innseanaich, pl dubh-bhuic Innseanach
blackcap n (Sylvia atricapilla) 1 ceap-dubh m, gen ceap-dhuibh, pl ceapan-dubha
2 ceann-dubh m, gen cinn-dhuibh, pl cinn-dhubha (the name ceann-dubh is also used for the marsh tit, Parus palustris)
black cock or black game n, see grouse, black n
blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum) n dearcag (dhubh) f, gen dearcaig (duibhe), pl dearcagan (dubha). Blackcurrant bushes, pris dhearcag or craobhan dhearcag. I’m awfully fond of rhubarb and blackcurrant jam, is uamhlaidh caomh lium silidh rùbrab is silidh dearcag
blacken v tr 1 dubh, vn dubhadh m
2 dèan dubh, vn dèanamh dubh
blacken character v phr 1 mill cliù, vn milleadh cliù
2 cuir sìos air cliù, vn cur sìos air cliù
black-eyed Susan n (Rudbeckia hirta) Siùsaidh na sùla duibhe
blackface n (blackface sheep) dubh-cheannach m gen & pl dubh-cheannaich
blackface ewe n phr caora f dhubh-cheannach, gen caorach dubh-cheannaich, pl caoraich dhubh-cheannach, caoirich dhubh-cheannach, gen pl caorach dubh-cheannach. The land currently supports a stock of 200 blackface ewes, an ceartuair tha stoc de 200 caora dhubh-cheannach air an talamh
blackface ram n phr reithe m dubh-cheannach, gen reithe dhubh-cheannaich, pl reitheachan dubh-cheannach
blackfly n cuileag-dhubh f, gen cuileige-duibhe
blackguard n blaigeard m, gen blaigeird, pl blaigeardan
blackhead n guirean m dubh, gen guirein dhuibh, pl guireanan dubha
blacking n (black boot polish) bleac m. I’ll have to put blacking on my boots, feuma mi bleac a chuir air mo bhrògan
black Jack n, see sphalerite n
blackness n duibhead m, gen duibheid
blackout n (faint) expressed with rach bho chainnt, vn dol bho chainnt. Did he actually have a blackout? an ann bho chainnt a chaidh e?
blacksmith n gobha m, gen gobhann, pl goibhnean, goibhne
blackthorn n (Prunus spinosa) 1 sgitheach-dhubh m, gen sgithich-dhuibh
2 preas m nan àirneag, gen & pl prìs nan àirneag
bladder n 1 (organ for urine) aotraman m, gen aotramain, pl aotramain, aotramanan. I’ve a full bladder, tha an t-aotraman agam làn
2 balg m, gen & pl builg
bladder-nut n (Staphylea pinnata) cnò-bhalgach f, gen cnò-balgaich
bladderseed n (Physospermum cornubiense) sìol-bhalgach f, gen sìl-bhalgaich
bladderwort, greater, or common n (Utricularia vulgaris) lus m nam balgan mòr, gen lus nam balgan mhòir
bladderwort, intermediate n (Utricularia intermedia) lus m nam balgan meadhanach, gen lus nam balgan mheadhanaich
bladderwort, lesser n (Utricularia minor) lus m nam balgan beag, gen lus nam balgan bhig
bladderwort, western n (Utricularia iarach) lus m nam balgan iarach, gen lus nam balgan iaraich
bladderwrack n (Fucus vesiculosus) n 1 feamainn-dubh f, gen feamainn-duibhe. Bladder wrack is a black seaweed which is full of small bubbles, ’s e feamainn-dubh feamainn dhubh ’s i làn de bhuilg bheaga. We used to gather the bladderwrack with a sickle, bhiodh sinn a’ buain an fheamainn-dubh le corran
2 feamainn f bhuilgeanach, gen feamainn builgeanaich (this name also apparently used for knotted wrack, Ascophyllum nodosum)
dried bladderwrack n phr sgrèidhean m, gen sgrèidhein
blade n 1 (knife, etc) (a) lann f, gen lanna or lainne, pl lannan. A thin blade, lann thana
(b) expressed with fadhbhar m, gen & pl fadhbhair. Be careful of the blade, bi toidheach air an fhadhbhar. It has a long blade, tha fadhbhar fad aice
(c) expressed with iarann m, gen iarainn, pl iarannan. The saw blade, iarann an t-sàibh. The blade of the knife, iarann na sgine. The blade of the scythe, iarann na speala
2 (oar, etc) liagh f, gen lèigh, pl liaghan. The blade of the oar, liagh an ràimh. The helicopter blades, liaghan an heileacoptair
3 (of grass) bileag f, gen bileig, pl bileagan. A blade of grass, bileag fheòir
4 (linguistics). Blade of the tongue, liagh na teanga
blaeberry n (Vaccinium myrtilis), see bilberry n
blamable a 1 coireach
2 ciontach
blame n 1 coire f. She put the blame on them, chuir i a’ choire orrasan
2 cron m, gen croin. The blame of that lies on you, tha a chron sin ort
blame v tr 1 coirich, vn coireachadh m
2 (a) faigh coire do, vn faighinn coire do. Are you blaming me for it? a bheil thu a’ faighinn coire dhomhsa air a shon?
(b) (i) cuir a’ choire air, vn cur na coire air. She blamed them for it, ’s ann orrasan a chuir i a’ choire air a shon
(ii) cuir coire às leth (plus gen), vn cur coire às leth
3 faigh cron do, vn faighinn croin do
to blame v phr 1 expressed with is coireach, bu choireach. The weather is to blame, ’s e an tìde as coireach. It was her that was to blame, not me, ’s ise bu choireach is cha mhise. They themselves were to blame, ’s e iad fhèin a bu choireach
2 ri choireachadh. He has only himself to blame, chan eil ach e fhèin ri choireachadh. Nobody was to blame for that but themselves, cha robh duine ri choireachadh airson sin ach iad fhèin
3 expressed with coire f aig. She wasn’t at all to blame for the way the girl was, cha robh coire sam bith aicese ris mar a bha a’ chaileag. I was myself to blame, ’s ann agam fhèin a bha a’ choire. He realised that he himself was to blame, ghabh e thuige fhèin gur ann aige fhèin a bha a’ choire
blameless a 1 neo-choireach
2 neo-chiontach
blanch I v tr gealaich, vn gealachadh m
II blanch v i fàs bàn, vn fàs bàn
bland a blian, comp bliaine
blank n beàrn f, gen bèirn, beàirn, pl beàrnan. His death leaves a blank, fàgaidh a bhàs beàrn
blank a 1 falamh, comp falaimhe. The rest of the tape is blank, tha an còrr den teip falamh
2 bàn, comp bàine. Blank paper, pàipear bàn
blank verse n phr 1 bàrdachd f gun chomhardadh
2 dubh-rannaigheachd f
blanket n 1 plaingeid f, pl plaingeidean ; also plangaid f, pl plangaidean
2 plaide f, gen plaidean
old blankets n phr (or old clothes, old sheets) expressed with ciullaichean f pl. Those old blankets, na seann chiullaichean a tha sin
blasphemous a toibheumach
blasphemy n toibheum m, gen toibheim, pl toibheuman
blast n 1 (of wind) (a) sgal m (gaoithe), gen sgala, pl sgalan
(b) onfhadh m, gen onfhaidh, pl onfhaidhean
(c) sian f, gen sìne. Going against the blast, a’ dol an aghaidh na sìne
2 (explosion) spreadhadh m, gen spreadhaidh, pl spreadhaidhean
blast v tr 1 spreadh, vn spreadhadh m
2 loisg, vn losgadh m. It was blasted by lightning, bha i loisgte le dealanaich
blaze n 1 gabhail f, gen gabhalach. There’s a blaze in the fire, tha gabhail air an teine
2 teine m lasrach, gen teine lasraich
3 caoir f, gen caoire
blaze v i 1 bi plus na chaoir. The heather was blazing, bha am fraoch na chaoir
2 las, vn lasadh m
3 rach na bhuidealaich, vn dol na bhuidealaich. It blazed, chaidh e na bhuidealaich
4 expressed with lasair f, gen lasrach, pl lasraichean. The fire was really blazing, abair gu robh lasair mhòr aig an teine
blazing fire n phr 1 (a) buidealaich f, pl buidealaichean. A big blazing fire, buidealaich mhòr teine
(b) ùitealaich f, pl ùitealaichean. He had a big blazing fire going, bha ùitealaich mhòr aige
2 expressed with lasair f mhòr, or lasraichean mòra. He had a real blazing fire going, bha teine math aige is lasraichean mòra dha-rìribh
bleach n 1 (bleaching material) stuth-gealachaidh m, gen stuth-ghealachaidh, pl stuthan-gealachaidh. A bottle of bleach, botal de stuth-gealachaidh
2 (act of bleaching in sun) todhar m, gen todhair
bleach v tr & i 1 (with bleaching material) gealaich, vn gealachadh m
2 (in sun) todhair, vn todhar m
out to bleach adv phr expressed with air todhar. Put it out to bleach, cuir air todhar e. I put it out to bleach, chuir mi a-mach air todhar e. They’re out to bleach, tha iad air todhar. They’ve been out to bleach, bha iad air todhar
clothes (that are) out to bleach n phr todhar m, gen todhair. She used to put clothes out to bleach on that pile of stones, bhiodh i a’ cur an todhair air an dùn chlachan ud
bleached a 1 (with bleaching material) gealaichte
2 (in sun) expressed with air todhar. The clothes are well bleached, tha an t-aodach air todhar gu math
bleak n (Alburnus alburnus) gilmean m, gen gilmein, pl gilmeanan
bleak a 1 lom, comp luime
2 fuaraidh
blear-eyed, bleary-eyed a prab-shùileach
bleat n 1 (sheep & lambs) mèile f. The lamb had a sore-sounding bleat, bha mèile ghoirt aig an uan
2 (goats & kids) meigead m, gen meigeid, pl meigeadan
bleat v i 1 (sheep & lambs) bi a’ mèilich ; also dèan mèilich f. The sheep was bleating, bha a’ chaora a’ mèilich
2 (goats & kids) (a) meigeall, vn meigeallaich f
(b) bi a’ meigeadaich ; also dèan meigeadaich f
bleating n 1 (sheep and lambs) mèilich f
2 (goats & kids) meageallaich f, meigeadaich f
bleed v i 1 sil (fuil), vn sileadh (fala). My nose is bleeding, tha mo shròin a sileadh. He’s bleeding, tha e sileadh
2 caill fuil, vn call fala
bleed to death v phr dèabh, vn dèabhadh m. The lamb bled to death, dhèabh an t-uan. I nearly bled to death because of them, theab mi dèabhadh leotha
blemish n 1 gaoid f, gen gaoide, pl gaoidean. Without blemish or disease, gun ghaoid gun ghalar
2 giamh m, gen giamha, pl giamhan. Thou hero wothout blemish, a churaidh gun ghiamh
3 gò m. Two rams without blemish, dà reithe gun ghò
blend n 1 cothlamadh m, gen cothlamaidh
2 coimeasgadh m, gen coimeasgaidh
blend v tr 1 cothlaim, vn cothlamadh m
2 coimeasgaich, vn coimeasgachadh m
blending mod cothlamaidh. Through a programme which should develop phonic and blending skills, tro phrògram a dh’fheumadh sgilean fuaim agus cothlamaidh a thoirt air adhart
blende n, see sphalerite n
blenny n (Blenniidae) caplachan m, gen caplachain, pl caplachanan. The “caplachan” (blenny) is the fish found in the shore pools, about six inches long, brown, and thickset, ’s e an caplachan an t-iasg anns na h-òban aig a’ chladach, ma shia òirlich a dh’fhad, donn, is mogach tiugh
blenny, butterfly n (Blennius ocellaris) gròmag f, gen gròmaig, pl gròmagan (from its habit of feeding on coralline alga, in Gaelic “gròm”)
blenny, viviparous n (Zoarces viviparus), see eelpout n
blepharitis n 1 bleafaraiteas m
2 (familiar) iongrachadh m nan rosgan, gen iongrachaidh nan rosgan
bless v tr beannaich, vn beannachadh m. Bless me! beannaich mise!
blessed a 1 beannaichte
2 naomh
blessing n 1 beannachd f, pl beannachdan. Ask a blessing on the food, iarr beannachd air a’ bhiadh. It’s a blessing, ’s e beannachd a th’ ann. Health and blessings to the young couple, slàint is beannachd don chàraid òg
2 beannachadh m, gen beannachaidh
blether v i 1 expressed with sruth m (bruidhne). Wasn’t he blethering awfully, nach cianail an sruth (bruidhne) a bh’ air
2 bleidrig, vn bleidrigeadh m. He’s blethering on the phone, tha e a’ bleidrigeadh air a’ fòn
blewit n (Tricholoma saevum) balg-ghormain m, gen & pl builg-ghormain
blewit, field n (Lepista saeva) balg-ghormain m achaidh, gen & pl builg-ghormain achaidh
blight n gaiseadh m, gen gaisidh
potato blight n (Phytophthora infestans) gaiseadh m (buntàta), gen gaisidh (buntàta). The potatoes have got the blight, tha an gaiseadh anns a’ bhuntàta
blind n sgàil, sgàile f, gen sgàile, pl sgàilean
blind a dall, comp doille. As blind as a mole cho dall ri famh (saying)
blind drunk a phr expressed with dubh air a. You’re blind drunk, tha i dubh ort
blind man n phr dall m, gen & pl doill
blind man’s buff n phr an dalla-dàiteachan m, gen an dalla-dàteachain. We’ll play blind man’s buff, cluichidh sinn an dalla-dàiteachan
turn a blind eye to v phr expressed with leig ort nach fhaic. He turned a blind eye to it, leig e air nach fhaca e e. We’d better turn a blind eye to these things, ’s fheàrr dhuinn leigeil òirrn nach eil sinn a’ faicinn nan rudan seo
blind v tr dall, vn dalladh m. Your torch is blinding me, tha an toirds agad gam dhalladh
blindfold n expressed with sgàil f air sùilean. They put a blindfold on him, chuir iad sgàil air a shùilean
blindfold a expressed with sgàil f air sùilean. He was blindfold, bha sgàil air a shùilean
blindfold v tr expressed with cuir sgàil air sùilean, vn cur sgàile air sùilean. They blindfolded him, chuir iad sgàil air a shùilean
blindness n doille f
blink n 1 priobadh m, gen priobaidh, pl priobaidhean. In the blink of an eye, ann am priobadh na sùla. There wasn’t a blink of light, cha robh priobadh solais ann
2 poills f. There wasn’t a blink of light, cha robh poills solais ann
blink v tr & i priob, vn priobadh m
blinks n (Montia fontana) fliodh m uisge
bliss n 1 aoibhneas m, gen aoibhneis
2 sonas m, gen sonais
blissful n aoibhneach
blister n 1 balg m, gen & pl builg. They gave up before it was dinner-time with blisters on them that would fill a bottle, ghèill iad mus robh e tràth-dìothad is builg orra lìonadh an stòp (song)
2 leus m, gen & pl leòis
blister v i 1
2 thig plus balg air
blister I v tr 1 thoir balg air, vn toirt builg air
2 thoir leus air, vn toirt leòis air
II blister v i 1 (a) thig plus balg air. Hopefully my foot won’t blister, dh’fhaodadh sealbh nach tig balg air mo chas
(b) thig plus leus air
2 builg plus ort, vn builgeadh m. It blistered, for all that, bhuilg e ormsa, airson sin (of a scald)
blithe a 1 aoibhinn
2 ait
blizzard n cabhadh-sneachda m, gen cabhaidh-shneachda, pl cabhaidhean-sneachda
bloat v tr & i 1 bòc, vn bòcadh m
2 (a) at suas, vn at suas
(b) sèid suas, vn sèideadh suas
block n 1 bloc m, gen bloca, pl blocaichean. Playing with blocks, a’ cluich le blocaichean. A block of flats, bloca fhlataichean
2 sgonn m, gen sgoinn, sguinn, pl sgonnan. The hillside is covered in tumbled quartzite blocks, tha an slios làn sgonnan èiteig air muin a chèile
3 cnap m, gen cnaip, cnip, pl cnapan, cnip
4 ceap m, gen cip, pl cip, ceapan
5 earrann f, gen earrainn, pl earrainnean. It is suggested that such a profile might be updated at the end of blocks of teaching. thathar a’ cur mun aire gum faodaiste cur ri a leithid seo de theisteanas aig deireadh earrainnean teagaisg
block mod bloca
block diagram n phr diagram m bloca, pl diagraman bloca
block graph n phr graf m bloca, pl grafaichean bloca
block v tr 1 stop, vn stopadh m
2 duin, vn dùnadh
3 caisg, vn casg m
block up I v phr transitive stop, vn stopadh. I blocked it up, stop mi e
II block up v phr intransitive bi a’ brùchdadh. The stream is blocking up, tha an t-allt a’ brùchdadh
blocked up a phr stopte. A blocked up nose, cogais stopte. It’s blocked up, tha i stopte
blockhead n 1 buamastair m, pl buamastairean. I don’t think his blockhead of a son is any use, cha chreid mi gu bheil feum sam bith anns a’ bhuamastair mhic a th’ aige
2 bumailear m, gen bumaileir, pl bumailearan
3 ùmaidh m, pl ùmaidhean
blonde n tè f bhàn, gen tè bàine, pl nigheanan bàna. She’s a blonde, ’s e tè bhàn a th’ innte
blonde a bàn
blood n fuil f, gen fala. He lost a lot of blood, chaill e mòran fala. The colour of the blood, dath na fala. Did you get blood taken at the hospital? an d’fhuair thu t’fhuil asad aig an ospadal? Brose is good for making blood in a person, tha am prothas math gu fuil àrach ann an neach. She gave everything to a man who didn’t have a drop of her blood, thug i h-uile dad do dhuine nach robh boinne de fuil ann. Blood will be shed, thèid fuil a dhòirteadh
bad blood n phr seann naimhdeas m, gen seann naimhdeis. There is bad blood between them, tha seann naimhdeas eatarra
blood mod fala
blood group n phr seòrsa m fala, pl seòrsachan fala
blood pressure n phr brùthadh m fala, gen brùthaidh fhala. High blood pressure, brùthadh fala àrd
blood system n phr cuairt f na fala
blood transfusion n phr leasachadh-fala m, gen leasachaidh-fala, pl leasachaidhean-fala
blood-drop emlets n (Mimulus luteus) meilleag f nam boinnean-fala, gen meilleig nam boinnean-fala
blood-feud n folachd f, pl folachdan
bloodhound n cù-dubh m, gen coin-duibh, pl coin-dhubha
bloodshed n 1 dòrtadh m fala, gen dòrtaidh fala
2 expressed with dòirt fuil, vn dòirteadh fala. There was a great deal of bloodshed, chaidh mòran fala a dhòirteadh
bloodstone n clach-fhala f, gen cloiche-fala
bloodstream n sruth-fala m
bloodthirsty a fuilteach, comp fuiltiche. Terriers are bloodthirsty, tha na h-abhaig fuilteach
blood-vessel n phr 1 caochan-fala m, gen & pl caochain-fhala
2 fuil-fheadan m, gen & pl fuil-fheadain
bloody a fuilteach
bloom n 1 blàth m, gen blàith, pl blàthan. In full bloom, fo làn bhlàth
2 ùr-fhàs m, gen ùr-fhàis
blossom n blàth m, gen blàtha, pl blàthan
in blossom a phr fo bhlàth
blossom v i 1 cuir a-mach blàth, vn cur a-mach blàtha
2 (a) expressed with fàs, vn fàs m. She blossomed into a fine girl, dh’fhàs i na caileag bhrèagha
(b) expressed with dèan, vn dèanamh m. She is blossoming into a fine girl, tha i a’ dèanamh caileag bhrèagha
blot n 1 dubhadh m, gen dubhaidh, pl dubhaidhean
2 smal m, gen & pl smail
blot v tr cuir smal air, vn cur smal air
blotting-paper n pàipear-sùghaidh m, gen pàipeir-shùghaidh
blot out v phr 1 dubh às, vn dubhadh às
2 falaich, vn falach m
blotch n spailc m, pl spailcean. He’s got blotches on his skin, tha spailcean air a’ chraiceann aige. There are blotches on the wall, tha spailcean air a’ bhalla. Some people used to believe if you ate kidneys that a blotch would come out in someone in your family, bha cuid a’ creidsinn nan itheadh tu àirnean beathaich gun tigeadh spailc a-mach air neach a bhuineadh dhut
blouse n blobhsa f, pl blobhsaichean
blow n 1 buille f, pl buillean. I got a blow, fhuair mi buille. His death was a sore blow to me, ’s e buille ghoirt a bha na bhàs dhomhsa. Blow for blow, buile air a’ bhuille
2 beum m, gen beuma, pl beumannan, beuman
3 sgleog f, pl sgleogan. She gave them a blow on the backside, thug i sgleog dhaibh air an tòin
4 slac m, pl slacan. He used to give us blows, bhiodh e toirt dhuinn slacan
5 (very light blow, skiff) sgifeag f, gen sgifeig pl sgifeag. She gave him a (wee) blow, thug i sgifeag dha
6 (from an object) (a) sgailleag f, gen sgailleig, pl sgailleagan. I got a blow from the door, fhuair mi sgailleag bhon doras
(b) stèac f. I got a blow from the door, fhuair mi stèac bhon doras
7 (due to falling, “clatter”, “shake”) glioganach f, gen glioganaich. He got a blow when he fell off the bicycle, fhuair e glioganach nuair a thuit e den bhaidhsagail
blow on side of head n phr sglabhart m, gen sglabhairt. What a blow on the side of the head they got from her, dé an sglabhart a fhuair iad bhuaipe
blow v tr & i 1 sèid, vn sèideadh m. The wind was blowing strongly, bha a’ ghaoth a’ sèideadh gu mòr
2 (throw, lift, of wind) siab, vn siabadh m. The wind was blowing him to and fro, bha a’ ghaoth ga shiabadh a-null ’s a-nall
blow away v i phr expressed with falbh, vn falbh m. We used to put nets on them in case they would blow away with the wind, bhiodh sinn a’ cur lìn orra mus fholbhadh iad leis a’ ghaoith
blow down v phr (of smoke in chimney) till, vn tilleadh m. The smoke is blowing down, tha an ceò a’ tilleadh. The smoke was blowing down before, every bit, bha an ceò roimhe a’ tilleadh, a h-uile gràin
blow hard v phr 1 sèid gu mòr, vn sèideadh gu mòr
2 (of wind) expressed with sgal m air. The wind is blowing hard, tha sgal air a’ ghaoith. It’s really blowing, tha sgal dha-rìreabh oirre
3 (of wind) expressed with callan m gaoithe, gen callain ghaoithe. The wind is blowing hard, tha callan gaoithe ann
blow out n phr 1 sèid, vn sèideadh m. Did he blow out all his candles? an do shèid e a chainnlean uileadh?
2 sèid às, vn sèideadh às
blow over v phr rach seachad, vn dol seachad. It will soon blow over, chan fhada ’s gun tèid e seachad
blow up v phr 1 (inflate) sèid, vn sèideadh m. I was blowing up the balloons, bha mi a’ sèideadh nam balùnaichean
2 (explode) spreadh, vn spreadhadh m
3 (increase in size) cuir am meud, vn cur am meud
blow the expense, coma dè a’ chosgais
blowhole n toll-sèididh m, gen & pl tuill-shèididh
blow-out n spreadhadh m, gen spreadhaidh. Oil-well blow-out, spreadhadh tobar-ola
blubber n saill f muice-mara, gen saille muice-mara
blubbery a 1 làn saille
2 (of speech) glogach. He talked in a blubbery way, bha e a’ bruidhinn glogach
blue a 1 gorm, comp guirme. The colours of the rainbow are violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange, and red, ’s iad dathan a’ bhogha-fhroise liath or bàn-phurpaidh, gorm-liath or guirmeanach, gorm, buidhe-ghorm or uaine, buidhe, dearg-bhuidhe or orains, agus dearg
2 liath, comp lèithe. There was a blue van at the gate, bha bhan liath aig a’ gheat
dark blue a phr 1 gorm, comp guirme
2 dorcha ghorm
pale blue, light blue a phr 1 liath, comp lèithe. Give me that pale blue cloth, thoir dhomh an clobht liath a tha sin
2 soilleir ghorm
navy blue a phr 1 gorm, comp guirme. A navy blue suit, deise ghorm
2 nèibhidh
out of the blue prep phr expressed with às an tomada-tàmh. It came out of the blue, thànaig e às an tomada-tàmh. She did it out of the blue, rinn i e às an tomada-tàmh
turn blue v phr (with cold) gorm, vn gormadh m. The others were getting blue outside, bha càch a’ gormadh a-muigh. Donald kept them so long they nearly turned blue, chùm Dòmhnall cho fad iad ’s gun do ghorm aid cha mhòr
blue-bag (washing blue, “dolly” blue) n guirmeán m, gen guirmein
bluebell n (wild hyacinth) (Hyacinthoides non-scripta = Endymion non-scriptus) 1 (a) fuath-mhuc m. Bluebell flowers, flùraichean fuath-mhuc
(b) expressed with flùra m & f fuath-mhuc, pl flùraichean fuath-mhuc. There are lots of bluebells growing in the wood, tha mòran de fhlùraichean an fhuath-mhuc a’ fàs anns a’ choille
2 (dialect) (a) am bulaidh-mhuc m, gen a’ bhulaidh-mhuc. That’s as wet as a bluebell (bulb), tha sin cho fliuch ris a’ bhulaidh-mhuc (proverb, frequently referring to a wet potato)
(b) am bogha-mhuc, gen a’ bhogha-mhuc ; also am bò-mhuc, gen a’ bhò-mhuc
3 ceanna-gorm m, gen cinne-ghuirm, pl cinne-ghorma
bluebell bulb n phr meacan m fuath-mhuc, gen meacain fhuath-mhuc, pl meacanan fuath-mhuc
bluebell flower n phr flùra m & f fuath-mhuc, pl flùraichean fuath-mhuc
bluebell, Scottish n (Campanula rotundifolia), see harebell n
bluebell, Spanish n (Endymion hispanicus) fuath-mhuc m Spàinneach, gen fuath-mhuc Spàinnich
bluebottle (Calliphora spp) n 1 cuileag-mhòr f, gen cuileige-mòire, pl cuileagan-mòra
2 cuileag-ghorm f, gen cuileig-guirme, pl cuileagan-gorma
bluebottle n (Centaurea cyanus), see cornflower n
blue-eyed grass n (Sisyrinchium bermudiana) feur m sùil-ghorm, gen feòir shuil-ghuirm
blue-eyed Mary n (Omphalodes verna) Màiri f ghorm shùileach
blue John n (mineralogy) fluairit f
blueness n 1 guirme f
2 guirmead m, gen guirmeid
bluethroat n (Luscinia svecica) 1 gorm-amhach f, gen gorm-amhaich. Red-spotted blue-throats, gorm-amhach dearg-bhallach. White-spotted blue-throats, gorm-amhach gheal-bhallach
2 ceileiriche m gorm-amhach, gen ceileiriche ghorm-amhaich, pl ceileirichean gorm-amhach
blue tit (Parus caeruleus) n, see tit, blue n
bluff n 1 mealladh m, gen meallaidh
2 cur m an ìre, gen cuir an ìre
call his bluff v phr expressed with thoir air a chuid fhaclan a chur an gnìomh
bluff v tr 1 meall, vn mealladh m
2 thoir an car à, vn toirt a’ char à
blunder n iomrall m, gen & pl iomraill
blunt a maol, comp maoile. This axe is so blunt, tha an làmhthuagh seo cho maol. As blunt as the tongs, cho maol ris a’ chlobha (saying). As blunt as a calf’s ear, cho maol ri cluais laoigh (saying). The knife is as blunt as a calf’s ear, tha an sgian cho maol ri cluais laoigh
blunt v tr maolaich, vn maolachadh m
blunt-end, blunt-ended a barra-mhaoil. Blunt-end scissors, siosar bharra-mhaoil
bluntness n maoilead m, gen maoileid
blur n 1 sgleò m, pl sgleòthan. I can only see a blur, chan eil mi a’ faicinn ach sgleò. It’s just a blur, tha e dìreach na sgleò. My old glasses were full of blurs, bha na seann speuclanan agam làn sgleòthan
2 expressed with ceò m. The years go by in a blur, thèid na bliadhnaichean seachad nan ceò
blur v tr & i 1 (a) dèan sgleòthach, vn dèanamh sgleòthach
(b) cuir sgleò air, vn cur sgleò air
2 dèan doilleir, vn dèanamh doilleir
blurred a 1 sgleòthach, comp sgleòthaiche. It’s blurred, tha e sgleòthach. My eyes are so blurred, tha mo shùilean cho sgleòthach
2 expressed with sgleò m, pl sgleòthan. My sight is so blurred, tha sgleò air mo shùil
blurry a sgleòthach, comp sgleòthaiche
blurt v tr expressed with thig a-mach le, vn tighinn a-mach le. He blurted it out without thinking, thàinig e a-mach leis gum smaoineachadh
blush n rudhadh m (gruaidhe), gen rudhaidh
at (the) first blush adv phr air a chiad amharc
blush v i expressed with thig rudhadh an, or thig rudhadh an gruaidhean. She blushed, thàinig rudhadh innte, or thàinig rudhadh na gruaidhean. He was blushing, bha rudhadh ann
make blush v phr cuir rudhadh an, vn cur rudhaidh an. It would make you blush, chuireadh e rudhadh annad
blusher n (Amanita rubescens) balg-rudhaidh, gen & pl builg-rudhaidh
bluster v i bagair, vn bagairt f, bagradh m
blustery a rannsail. The wind was blustery last night, bha a’ ghaoth rannsail a-raoir
boa, sand n (Eryx jaculus) bua m gainmhich, gen bua ghainmhich, pl buathan gainmhich
boa constrictor n (Constrictor constrictor) bua-theannaiche m, pl bua-theannaichean
boar n torc m, gen & pl tuirc
boar, wild n (Sus scrofa) torc m fiadhaich, gen & pl tuirc fhiadhaich
board n 1 clàr m, gen & pl clàir. She had a board on top of the barrel, making a kind of table, bha clàr aice air uachdar a’ bharaille, a’ dèanamh seòrsa de bhòrd
2 dèile f, pl dèileachan
3 bòrd m, gen & pl bùird. The Electricity Board, Bòrd an Dealain. The Board of Agriculture, Bòrd an Àiteachais, or am Bòrd. The board of directors, bòrd an luchd-stiùiridh
bread board n phr clàr-arain m, gen & pl clàir-arain
ironing board n phr bòrd-iarnaigidh m, gen & pl bùird-iarnaigidh. On the ironing board, air a’ bhòrd-iarnaigidh
on board adv phr air bòrd
on board prep phr ar bòrd (plus gen). On board the ship, air bòrd na luinge
board I v tr (nautical) 1 rach air bòrd, vn dol air bòrd. They boarded (the) ship, chaidh iad air bòrd na luinge
2 rach air, vn dol air. They boarded the train, chaidh iad air an trèana
II board v i bi a’ loidseadh
boarding-house n 1 taigh-loidsidh m, pl taighean-loidsidh
2 taigh-aoigheachd m, pl taighean-aoigheachd
boarding-school n sgoil-chòmhnaidh f, pl sgoiltean-còmhnaidh
boarder n loidsear m, gen loidseir, pl loidsearan
boast n bòst m, gen bòsta
boast v i 1 (a) dèan bòst, vn dèanamh bòst (about, of, à). He was boasting, bha e a’ dèanamh bòst. She was boasting about that, bha i a’ dèanamh bòst às a sin. They were boasting plenty about that today, bha iad a’ dèanamh bòst gu leòr as a sin an diugh. She wasn’t going to boast about buying hats every year, cha robh i a’ dol a dhèanamh bòst à bhith a’ ceannach na h-adan a h-uile bliadhna
(b) dèan uaill, vn dèanamh uaille (about, of, à). Formerly they used to hide it, today they boast of it, roimhe bha iad ga fhalach, an diugh tha iad a’ dèanamh uaill às. Boast not of tomorrow, na dèan uaill às an là màireach
2 (a) bi raidh (about, air). He was boasting about himself, bha e raidh air fhéin
(b) dèan raidh, vn dèanamh raidh (about, air). She’s always boasting so much, na tha i a’ dèanamh dhe raidh an còmhnaidh
boasting n 1 (a) bòst m
(b) uaill f, gen uaille. Whyere is there cause for boasting? càite a bheil adhbhar uaille?
2 raidh f. He’s awful for boasting, tha e cianail le raidh
boaster n bòstair m, pl bòstairean
boastful a bòstail, comp bòstaile
boat n 1 bàta m, pl bàtaichean. That’s a fine boat, it’s sailing well, bàta brèagha tha sin, tha i seòladh gu math. The boat became leaky, dh’fhàs am bàta aoideanach. In the prow or bow of the boat, ann an toiseach a’ bhàta. In the stern of the boat, ann an deireadh a’ bhàta. The boat dragged the anchor, tharraing am bàta an acair. The boat is high and dry on the beach, tha am bàta tioram tràighte air a’ chladach. They were hauling the boat, bha iad a’ tarraing a’ bhàta. The boat’s seams are coming apart, tha sgaran a’ bhàta a’ sgaoileadh. We shall launch the boat, cuiridh sinn am bàta air bhog. He was bailing the boat, bha e a’ taomadh a’ bhàta
2 eathar m & f, gen eathair, pl eathraichean. His boat was at the Creag Mhaol, bha an t-eathar aige aig a’ Chreag Mhaol. He was working at painting something to do with the boat, bha e ag obair a’ peantadh rud a bhuineadh don eathar
ferry-boat n bàt-aiseig m, pl bàtaichean-aiseig
fire-boat n bàta-teine m, pl bàtaichean-teine
fishing-boat n 1 bàta-iasgaich, bàt-iasgaich m, pl bàtaichean-iasgaich
2 eathar-iasgaich m, gen eathair-iasgaich, pl eathraichean-iasgaich
lifeboat n 1 bàta-teasairginn, bàta-teasraiginn m, pl bàtaichean-teasairginn, bàtaichean-teasraiginn
2 bàta-sàbhalaidh m, pl bàtaichean-sàbhalaidh
pleasure boat n phr 1 bàt-athais m, pl bàtaichean-athais
2 bìrlinn f, pl bìrlinnean
rowing-boat n 1 bàta-iormaich m, pl bàtaichean-iormaich
2 bàta-ràmh m, pl bàtaichean-ràmh
sailing boat n 1 bàta-siùil m, pl bàtaichean-siùil
2 bàta-seòlaidh m, pl bàtaichean-seòlaidh
speed-boat n bàta-luais m, pl bàtaichean-luais
steamboat n bàta-smùid m, pl bàtaichean-smùid
tug-boat n bàta-slaodaidh m, gen bàta-shlaodaidh, pl bàtaichean-slaodaidh
boat v i
boating n luingeanachd f
boat-builder n saor-eathraichean m, gen & pl saoir-eathraichean. He is a boat-builder, tha e na shaor-eathraichean
boat-train n trèan-bhàta f, pl trèanaichean-bàta
bob v i bi a’ bobadaich
bob about, bob along v phr bi a’ bobadaich. He used to bob along on his bicycle, bhiodh e a’ bobadaich air a’ bhaidhsagail
bobbin n 1 boban m, gen bobain, pl bobanan
2 iteachan m, gen iteachain, pl iteachanan
bobcat n (Felis rufa) bob-chat m, gen & pl bob-chait
bodiless a 1 gun chorp
2 neo-chorporra
bodily adv (“the whole thing as it is”) 1 (a) expressed with mar sheòl e. He took it bodily, ghabh e e dìreach mar sheòl e. They got the whole house (with all its contents), fhuair iad an taigh mar sheòl e
(b) expressed with às a dhearglaraich. He lifted it bodily, thog e e às a dhearglaraich
2 eadar cheann is casan
body n 1 corp m, gen & pl cuirp. My body, mo chorp. Their bodies, na cuirp aca. You’d be the better of a little food in your body, b’ fheàirrd thu a dh’ealbh bhiadh nad chorp. The warmth of my body, blàths mo chuirp. Every joint that was in my body was affected, a h-uile h-alt a bha nam chorp, bha e freagar
2 bodhaig f, pl bodhaigean. She’s healthy in her body, tha i slàn na bodhaig. The gland of the body which purifies the blood, fàireag na bodhaige a ghlanas an fhuil
3 colann, colainn f, gen colainn, colna, pl colainnean. Body warmth, blàths na colainn
4 neach m, pl daoine
5 creutair m, pl creutairean. He’s a queer body, ’s e creutair èibhinn a th’ ann
6 cnap m, gen cnaip, cnip, pl cnapan. Only when a substantial body of work has been completed, dìreach an uair a tha cnap math obrach air a chrìochnachadh
7 buidheann f, gen buidhne, pl buidhnean. A public body, buidheann phoblach. The details of the legislation should be worked out by a Scottish body similar to the Welsh Language Board, bu chòir gum bitheadh cruth an lagha air obrachadh a-mach gu mionaideach le buidhinn Albannaich coltach ri Bòrd a’ Chànain Chuimris
8 còmhlan m, gen & pl còmhlain
9 cuideachd f
10 not directly expressed. An increasing range of texts which will require them to use and develop this existing body of knowledge, barrachd sheòrsachan theacsaichean a bheir orra an t-eòlas seo a tha aca a-cheana a chleachdadh agus a thoirt air adhart
body mod 1 cuirp. Body fluids, lionnaichean cuirp. Protective gloves must be used when wiping up blood or other body fluids, feumar miotagan dìonach a chleachdadh nuair a thathas a’ suathadh fala no lionnaichean cuirp eile
2 bodhaig
body language n phr 1 cànain f bhodhaig. When an interpretation of body language may be necessary to understand fully the overall communication, agus feum air cànain bhodhaig a bhreithneachadh gus tuigse iomlan fhaighinn air a’ chonaltradh anns an fharsaingeachd
2 cainnt f bhodhaig. Such as body language and visual images, mar tha cainnt bhodhaig agus ìomhaighean faicsinneach
body posture n phr altachadh m cuirp
dead body n phr 1 corp m, pl cuirp
2 expressed with closach m, gen closaich, pl closaichean. They’ve found a lot of dead bodies there, tha iad an dèidh mòran chlosaichean fhaighinn a sin
in a body adv phr cruinn còmhla. They arrived in a body, ràinig iad cruinn còmhla
boehmite n (mineralogy) boehmit f
Boer War pr n Cogadh m Afraca. Her father was in the Boer War, bha a h-athair ann an Cogadh Afraca
bog n 1 (a) boglach f, gen boglaich, pl boglaichean. I got stuck in the bog, chaidh mi an sàs anns a’ bhoglach. I’m frightened they’ve gone in the bogs at the back of John’s croft, tha eagal orm gun deach iad anns na boglaichean aig cùl lot Iain
(b) bogach f, gen bogaich, pl bogaichean
(c) bog m, gen buig, pl bogachan
2 fèith f, gen fèithe, pl fèithean. Our hill is full of bogs, tha am monadh againn làn fhèithean. Though his foot went in the bog when he sided with Rainy, ged chaidh a chos anns an fhèith ann an toirt a bhroillich do Rainy (song)
3 (with stream rising in it) caochan m, gen caochain, pl caochanan
bogs n pl also expressed with breunlochan or breulochan m pl ; also breòlaichean, breadhlaichean m pl. The burn rises in bogs up there, tha an t-allt a’ tighinn à breulochan urrad a sin. It’s nothing but bogs, dè a th’ ann ach breòlaichean
boggy ground n phr 1 boglach f, gen boglaich, pl boglaichean. My feet got stuck in the boggy ground, chaidh mo chasan an sàs anns a’ bhoglach
bog that drowns beasts n phr bàsadair m, pl bàsadairean. Their hill is full of bogs that drown beasts, tha am monadh aca làn bhàsadairean. There are no bogs that drown beasts in their ground, chan eil bàsadairean anns an talamh acasan
bog v i
bogged a am bogadh
bog asphodel n (Narthecium ossifragum), see asphodel, bog n
bogbean n (Menyanthes trifoliata) pònair-chapaill f, gen pònarach-capaill
bog-cotton n, see cotton-grass n
bogey n 1 (in nose) bodach m, gen & pl bodaich. You’ve got a big bogey in your nose, tha bodach mòr nad shròin
2 (apparition) (a) bodach m, gen & pl bodaich
(b) bòcan m, gen & pl bòcain, also bòcaidh m, pl bòcaidhnean. People used to see bogeys, bhite a’ faicinn bhòcaidhnean
boggle v i 1 bi an teagamh
2 bi nad bhoil
boggy a bog, comp buige. That ground is boggy (even) during the best weather, tha an talamh sin bog an uair a b’ fheàrr
2 expressed with boglach f, gen boglaich, pl boglaichean. The trail involves steep slopes and boggy areas, tha leòidean casa agus boglaichean air an t-slighe
bogle n 1 (a) bodach m, gen & pl bodaich
2 bòcan m, gen & pl bòcain
bog-myrtle n (Myrica gale) roid f, gen roide. That’s lovely bog-myrtle, ’s e roid bhrèagha tha sin
bog rosemary n (Andromeda polifolia) ròs-mhàiri f fhiadhaich
bog-rush, black n (Schoenus nigricans) seimhean m dubh, gen seimhein dhuibh
bog-rush, brown n (Schoenus ferrugineus) seimhean m donn, gen seimhein dhuinn
bog violet n (Pinguicula vulgaris), see butterwort n
boil n (on skin) niosgaid f, pl niosgaidean ; also neasgaid f, pl neasgaidean
boil v tr & i 1 goil, vn goil f. The kettle is boiling, tha an coire a’ goil. I’ve boiled the kettle, ghoil mi an coire. I’ll boil them, goilidh mise iad. The engine is boiling over, tha an t-einnsinn a’ goil thairis
2 (cook by boiling) bruich, vn bruich f. Go and boil the potatoes, falbh is bruich am buntàta. I’m boiling the potatoes, tha mi a’ bruich a’ bhuntàta. I’m going to boil a hen, tha mi a’ dol a bhruich cearc. We boiled them, bhruich sinn iad
boil dry v phr sùigh, vn sùghadh m. I hope the pan won’t boil dry, tha mi an dòchas nach sùigh am pana
boil lightly, pour boiling water on v phr 1 (particularly of shellfish) slaop, vn slaopadh m
2 thoir plotaigeadh bruich do. First you boil it lightly, tha thu an toiseach a’ toirt plotaigeadh bruich dha
boil over v phr (of pot, pan) 1 thig mun teine, vn tighinn mun teine. It’s boiling over, tha e a’ tighinn mun teine. The argument boiled over, thàinig an dearbhadh mun teine
2 cuir thairis, vn cur thairis. I was making porridge, and it (the pan) boiled over, bha mi dèanamh lit, is chuir e tharais
boiled a 1 air a ghoil
2 (cooked) (a) bruich. They’re boiled, tha iad bruich. A boiled egg, ugh bruich
(b) air a bhruich. They’re boiled, tha iad air am bruich
boiling a (of the weather) 1 bruicheil. It is boiling today, tha e bruicheil an diugh
2 expressed with bruich f. It’s really boiling just now, it’s so sultry, tha fìor bhruich ann an dràsda, tha i cho bruthainneach
boiling point n phr ìre f ghoil
boiler n goileadair m, pl goileadairean
boisterous a 1 ròlaiseach, comp ròlaisiche. They children are so boisterous today, tha a’ chlann cho ròlaiseach an diugh
2 (weather) rannsail, comp rannsaile. A boisterous night, oidhche rannsail
bold a 1 treubhach, comp treubhaiche
2 fearail, comp fearala
3 dàn, comp dàine. We were bolder when we were speaking to you, bhiodh sinn na bu daìne nuar as ann riutsa a bha sinn a’ bruidhinn
4 (forward, cheeky) (a) dàsanach, also darsainneach, comp dàsanaiche, darsainniche. They were bold, everyone of them, bha iad dàsanach, a h-uile duine dhiubh. He can be very bold when he wants, is ainthe dha bhith gu math darsainneach
(b) spreachail, comp spreachaile. She was rather bold for her age, bha i gu math spreachail dhe h-aois
(c) ladarna
bold type n phr clò m trom, gen clò thruim. They are identified in bold type, tha iad air an comharrachadh le clò trom
boldness n 1 treubhantas m, gen treubhantais
2 dànadas m, gen dànadais
3 tapachd f
bolete, Jersey cow n (Suillus bovinus) boletus m bà-Deirsidh, gen boletus bhà-Deirsidh
bolete, penny-bun n (Boletus edulis) boletus m buna, gen boletus bhuna
boletus, devil’s n (Boletus satanas) boletus m an donais
boll n (fruit of flax, cotton) bola m, pl bolaichean
boll n (measure of 140lbs) bola m, pl bolaichean. A boll of meal, bola mine
bolster n babhstair m, pl babhstairean ; or bobhstair, pl bobhstairean
bolster v tr 1 (a) cùm taice ri, vn cumail taice ri
(b) cuir taice ri, vn cur taice ri
2 cuir ri, vn cur ri
3 misnich, vn misneachadh m
bolt n 1 (mechanical engineering) (a) bolta m, pl boltaichean
(b) babht m, pl babhtaichean
2 crann m, gen & pl croinn
3 (door-bolt) cloidhean m, gen cloidhein, pl cloidheanan. The bolt is broken, tha an cloidhean brist. And a gold bolt on it to keep it locked, agus cloidhean òir air airson a chumail glaist (song). Slide the bolt shut on the door, cuir an cloidheàn air an doras
4 (roll of eg wallpaper) bolta m, pl boltaichean
a bolt from the blue n phr expressed with às an tomada-tàmh. It came like a bolt from the blue, thàinig e às an tomada-tàmh
bolt v tr 1 glais, vn glasadh m
2 cuir crann air, vn cur croinn air
II bolt v i 1 (of wegatable growth) laom, vn laomadh m. My lettuces have bolted, tha na leiteasan agam air laomadh
2 (flee) (a) thoir na buinn asad, vn toirt nam bonn asad. It’s time we bolted, tha e thìde dhuinn na buinn a thoirt às
(b) teich, vn teicheadh m
(c) (i) dèan air falbh, vn dèanamh air falbh
(ii) gabh air falbh, vn gabhail air falbh. He bolted off for dear life, ghabh e air falbh aig peileir a bheatha
(iii) falbh nad ruith, vn falbh nad ruith. The horse bolted, dh’fhalbh an t-each na ruith
bomb n boma m, pl bomaichean
bomb v tr 1 bomaig, vn bomaigeadh m
2 leig bomaichean air, vn leigeil bhomaichean air
bombing n bomaigeadh m, gen bomaigidh. The cars were flying up in the air with the bombing, bha na càraichean a’ leum an àird anns an adhar leis a’ bhomaigeadh
bombast n earra-ghlòir f
bombastic a earra-ghlòireach
bond n 1 bann m, gen bainne, pl bannan, banntan. Making bonds with the children, a’ dèanamh bhannan leis a’ chloinn
2 ceangal m, gen ceangail, pl ceangail, ceanglaichean
3 (promise) gealladh m, gen geallaidh, pl geallaidhean
bondage n 1 braighdeanas m, gen braighdeanais
2 daorsa f
bone n cnàimh or cnàmh m, gen cnàimh, cnàmha, pl cnàimhean or cnàmhan. There’s still a bone in them, tha cnàmh annta fhathast. The marrow of the bone, smior a’ chnàimh. I’ve got sore bones, tha mo chnàimhean goirt. He’s nothing but skin and bone, chan eil ann ach an craiceann ’s na cnàimhean. A bone of contention, cnàmh spàirne. Gnawing the bones, Criomadh nan Cnàimhean (name of the smallest member of the family of giants that lived at Rubha an Fhomhair at Loch Maree)
bone dry a phr expressed with cho tioram ris an spìon ; also cho tioram ris a’ chrogas
boneless n gun chnàimh
bonfire n 1 (a) teine-aighir m, pl teintean-aighir. A bonfire on every knoll, teine-aighir air gach cnoc
(b) teine-èibhinn m, pl teinntean-èibhinn
2 expressed with teine m a-muigh, pl teintean a-muigh. He made a bonfire in the garden, rinn e teine a-muigh anns an leas
bonnet n 1 (cap) bonaid m & f, pl bonaidean
2 (of car) bonaid m & f, pl bonaidean
peak n (of the bonnet) bile f (na bonáid), pl bilean
bonny a 1 bòidheach, comp bòidhche
2 maiseach, comp maisiche
bonus n1 bònas m, gen bònais, pl bònasan
2 duais-airgid f, gen duaise-airgid, pl duaisean-airgid
3 (a) duais-chorra f, gen duaise-corra, pl duaisean-corra
(b) expressed with còrr m, gen corra
bony a cnàmhach, comp cnàmhaiche
book n 1 leabhar m, gen leabhair, pl leabhraichean. This can be extended by comparison with other books read, faodar leudachadh air seo le coimeas ri leabhraichean eile a chaidh a leughadh. When will your book be published? cuine bhitheas an leabhar agad air fhoillseachadh?. The telephone book, leabhar a’ fòn. A book of tickets, leabhar thiocaidean
2 (betting) leabhar-gheall m, gen leabhair-gheall
bring to book v phr thoir air cunntas a thoirt (for, air). He was brought to book for what he had done, thugadh air cunntas a thoirt air na rinn e
book v tr buc, vn bucadh m ; also bucaig, vn bucaigeadh m. If one wishes to join in these workshops must one book? ma tha neach airson a dhol air na buidhnean-obrach a tha seo am feum neach bucadh?
book-binder n 1 (a) leabhar-cheanglair m, pl leabhar-cheanglairean
(b) leabhar-cheangladair m, pl leabhar-cheangladairean
2 neach m còmhdach leabhraichean, pl luchd còmhdach leabhraichean
bookcase n 1 preas-leabhraichean m, gen & pl pris-leabhraichean
2 cèis-leabhraichean f, gen cèise-leabhraichean, pl cèisean-leabhraichean
book-keeper n neach m cumail leabhraichean, pl luchd cumail leabhraichean
book-keeping n leabhar-cunntas m, gen leabhar-cunntais
booklet n leabhran m, gen leabhrain, pl leabhranan
booklouse n (Liposcelidae) mial m leabhair, gen miala leabhair pl mialan leabhair
bookseller n leabhar-reiceadair m, pl leabhar-reiceadairean
bookselling n leabhar-reiceadaireachd f
bookshop n bùth-leabhraichean m, pl bùthan-leabhraichean, bùithtean-leabhraichean
bookworm n 1 (entomology : larva of Anobium hirtum) cruimh f leabhair, gen cruimhe leabhair
2 (familiar) leughadair m craosach, gen leughadair chraosaich, pl leughadairean craosach
boon n expressed with nì m feumail, gen nì fheumail, pl nithean feumail
boor n 1 burraidh m, pl burraidhean. He was just a boor, dè bh’ ann ach burraidh
2 ùmaidh m, pl ùmaidhean
3 amhasg m, gen & pl amhaisg
boorish a 1 ùmadail. He was boorish and beastly, bha e ùmadail ainmheil. Though John was so very boorish, ged a bha Iain cho ùmadail ’s a bha e
2 amhasgail
boorishness n 1 ùmadaileachd f
2 amhasgachd
boost v 1 thoir am barrachd de, vn toirt am barrachd de
2 thoir am barrachd mòr de, vn toirt am barrachd mòr de. Learning a language will boost an awareness of language generally, bheir a bhith a’ togail cànain am barrachd mòr de mhothachadh air cànain anns an fharsaingeachd
booster n 1 neartaiche m, pl neartaichean
2 bustair m, pl bustairean. Booster rocket, rocaid bhustair
booster seat n phr suidheachan-leasachaidh m, gen & pl suidheachain-leasachaidh. Seat-belts must be worn by all children and appropriate child seats and booster seats provided where necessary, feumaidh a’ chlann air fad criosan-sàbhalaidh a chur orra, agus feumaidh suidheachain-chloinne agus suidheachain-leasachaidh fhreagarrach a bhith rim faotainn far a bheil seo riatanach
booster shot n phr (of injection) annstealladh m neartachaidh, gen annsteallaidh neartachaidh, pl annsteallaidhean neartachaidh
boot n 1 (a) bròg f, gen bròige, pl brògan. Get her to buy you a pair of boots, thoir oirre paidhir bhròg a cheannach dhut. He got the boot, fhuair e a’ bhròg
(b) bròg-mhòr f, gen bròige-mòire, pl brògan-mòra
2 (high boot, Wellington boot) (a) bòtann m, gen bòtainn, pl bòtannan
(b) bòt m, pl bòtan
the boot is on the other foot now, tha diofar sgeul a-nis ann
boot n
to boot adv phr a bharrachd
boot-jack n sgalag-bhòt m, gen sgalaig-bhòt, pl sgalagan-bhòt
bootless a 1 gun bhròg
2 casruisgte
bootless a neo-thairbheach
booty n 1 cobhartach m, gen cobhartaich
2 creach f, gen creiche
booze n 1 stuth m òil
2 òl m, gen òil. He’s back on the booze, tha e ris an òl a-rithist
3 deoch f, gen dighe, deoch. He’s back on the booze, tha e air ais air an deoch
booze v i 1 òl, vn òl m
2 rach air an òl, vn dol air an òl
3 rach air an deoch, vn dol air an deoch
4 rach air mhisg, vn dol air mhisg
boozer n neach m deoch, pl luchd deoch
boracic a bòrasach
borage n (Borago officinalis) barraist m ; also borraist m
borax n bòracs m
border n 1 crìoch f, gen crìche, pl crìochan
2 oir f, gen oire, pl oirean
3 iomall m, gen & pl iomaill. Black border (on letter paper), iomall dubh
border v tr 1 (a) crìochnaich ri, vn crìochnachadh ri
(b) bi nad chrìch aig. The river borders it, tha an abhainn na crìch aige
2 sìn ri taobh, vn sìneadh ri taobh. It borders the road, tha e a’ sineadh ri taobh an ròid
border on v i phr thig faisg air, vn tighinn faisg air. It borders on a lie, tha e a’ tighinn faish air a’ bhrèig
bordering on prep phr 1 (a) expressed with cha mhòr
(b) expressed with ach beag. A colur bordering on red, dath a tha dearg ach beag
2 expressed with neg plus fada. A statement bordering on truth, sgeul nach eil fada on fhìrinn
borderer n neach m àiteach nan crìoch, pl luchd àiteach nan crìoch
bore v tr (produce hole) 1 (a) dèan toll, vn dèanamh tuill
(b) toll, vn tolladh m
2 cladhaich, vn cladhach m
bore v tr (make weary) 1 sàraich, vn sàrachadh m
2 (a) leamhaich, vn leamhachadh m
(b) expressed with leamh a. He bored me stiff, bha mi buileach leamh dhe
bored a 1 sàraichte
2 leamh
3 expressed as follows : He is bored, chan eil fhios aige dè nì e leis fhèin. He was bored, cha robh fhios aige dè dhèanadh e leis fhèin. He will be bored, cha bhi fhios aige dè nì e leis fhéin. She was bored due to idleness, cha robh fhios aice dè dhèanadh i leatha fhèin leis an dìomhanas
boring a 1 sàrachail
2 blian comp bliaine. Don’t be so boring, na bi cho blian
3 expressed with thig trom air, vn tighinn trom air. I found the play rather boring, bha an dealbh-chluich a’ tighinn trom orm
boreal a tuathach
bore-hole n toll-lorgaidh m, gen & pl tuill-lorgaidh. They sank a bore-hole, chuir iad sìos toll-lorgaidh
born pp 1 expressed with rugadh. I was born here, rugadh mi seo. When were you born? cuine rugadh tu. What day was the calf born? dè an latha a rugadh an laogh? Our Ann was born and the cow calved the same day, rugadh Anna againn is rug a’ bhò an aon latha
2 (a) air a bhreith. I was born here, bha mi air mo bhreith a seo. It’s born in him, tha e air a bhreith ann. The week after John was born, an t-seachdain às dèidh do dh’Iain a bhith air a bhreith. After you were born, an dèidh dhut a bhith air do bhreith
(b) expressed with periphrastic passive of beir. I was born here, chaidh mo bhreith a seo
borne pp, see bear v tr
bornite n (mineralogy) boirnit f
boron n bòron m, gen bòroin
borough n borgh m, gen & pl boirgh
borrow v tr 1 (a) gabh air iasad, vn gabhail air iasad
(b) faigh iasad de, vn faighinn iasaid de
(c) iarr iasad de, vn iarraidh iasaid de
2 faigh coingheall de, vn faighinn coinghill de. May I borrow a spade? am faigh mi coingheall de spaid?
borrower n 1 neach m gabhail iasaid, pl luchd gabhail iasaid
bort n (mineralogy) bort m
bosom n 1 broilleach m, gen broillich, pl broillichean. What a bosom she has, dè am broilleach a th’ oirre
2 uchd m, pl uchdan
boss n cnap m, gen cnaip, cnip, pl cnapan, cnip
boss n 1 ceann m, gen & pl cinn
2 ceannard m, gen ceannaird, pl ceannardan
boss v tr
bossing n 1 odhrmanachd f. You’re awful for bossing, tha thu cianail le odhrmánachd
2 odhrmanachadh m, gen odhrmanachaidh. Some maintained that she was doing too much bossing, bha cuid a’ cumail a-mach gu robh i dèanamh cus odhrmanachaidh
bossy a expressed with le odhrmanachd. She’s very bossy, tha i dona le odhrmanachd
botanic, botanical a 1 luibh-eòlasach
2 luibhean
botanic garden n phr gàrradh-luibhean m, gen gàrraidh-luibhean, pl gàrraidhean-luibhean
botanically adv 1 gu luibh-eòlasach
2 a thaobh luibh-eòlais
botanist n luibh-eòlaiche m, pl luibh-eòlaichean
botany n luibh-eòlas m, gen luibh-eòlais
both pron na dhà. You’d be proud with just one of them let alone both, bhiodh pròis air neach le aon neach dhiubh gun luaidh air na dhà. It may be a combination of both, faodaidh e bhith na chothlamadh de na dhà
both of prep phr 1 an dà. Both of the books are valuable, tha an dà leabhar luachmhor
2 an dithis aig. Why are both of you in Iain’s room? carson a tha an dithis agaibh san rum aig Iain?
3 expressed with le chèile. Both of them are dead, tha iad le chèile marbh. Both of us saw it, chunnaic sinn le chèile e. Is she breast-feeding both of them? a bheil i a’ toirt a broilleach dhaibh le chèile?
both a 1 an dà. There’s writing on both sides, tha sgrìobhadh air an dà thaobh
2 gach … dhiubh sin. Both documents advise, tha gach pàipear dhiubh sin a’ comhairleachadh
on both sides prep phr 1 air an dà thaobh
2 air gach taobh
3 taobh air thaobh. Faults on both sides, coire taobh air thaobh
both adv 1 le chèile. We’re both tired now, tha sinn sgìth le chèile a-nis. Both A and B, A agus B le chèile. They can both drive, dràibhigidh iad le chéile. They’re both working, tha iad le chèile a’ cosnamh. Perhaps they were both at the drink, dh’fhaodadh gu robh iad le chèile ris an deoch. Make sure you say to them that I’m asking after them both, feuch gun can thu riutha gu bheil mi gam faighneachd le chèile. In terms they both understand, ann an dòigh a thuigeas iad le chèile. Reading should always have a purpose which is clear to both the teacher and the pupil, tha còir aig leughadh daonnan adhbhar a bhith aige, agus sin a bhith soilleir don tidsear agus don phàisde le chèile
2 an dà chuid. A personal spelling book becomes both a reference for the pupil and a record for the teacher, thig leabhar-litreachaidh pearsanta gu bhith an dà chuid na fhiosrachadh don phàiste agus na chlàr don tidsear
3 araon, ar-aon. Both you and he, araon thus’ agus esan
4 eadar prep (leniting) (plus rad). Both good and bad, eadar mhath agus olc. Both great and small, eadar bheag agus mhòr. Both women and children, eadar mhnathan is chlann. Both head and foot, eadar cheann is chasan
5 not directly expressed. Both at this stage and those to follow, aig an ìre seo agus na h-ìrean as dèidh seo. Both in group situations and in understanding texts, ann an suidhichidhean bhuidhnean agus ann a bhith a’ tuigsinn theacsaichean. Both in listening to and reading texts, ann a bhith ag èisteachd ri teacsaichean agus gan leughadh
bother n 1 sàrachadh m, gen sàrachaidh
2 tàir f, gen tàire
3 bodraigeadh m, gen bodraigeadh
4 expressed with ceannach m, gen ceannaich. It’ll cause you bother, bidh ceannach agad air. It’s causing you bother, is ceannach dhut air. It’s a bother to you what I’m asking, is ceannach dhut na tha mi ag iarraidh ort
5 expressed with faireachdainn m. It’s no bother to me, chan eil faireachdainn agam air. When I’m sitting there’s nothing causing me any bother, nam shuidhe chan eil faireachdainn agam air dad
6 (with negative) expressed with stuadh f, gen stuaidh. That won’t cause me much bother, cha chuir sin mòr stuaidh orm
bother v tr 1 (a) bi a’ cur air. Something’s bothering her, tha rudeigin a’ cur oirre. What is bothering you? dè tha a’ cur ort? It’s the plane that was bothering him, ’s e am plèana a bha a’ cur air
(b) bi a’ cur ri. He was complaining greatly about the thing that was bothering him, dè a’ ghaoir a bh’ aige mun rud a bha a’ cur ris
2 dèan dragh do, vn dèanamh dragh do. It’ll be bothering him, bidh e a’ dèanamh dragh dha
3 gabh saothair ri, vn gabhail saothair ri, gabhail saothrach ri. I wouldn’t bother too much with it, cha ghabhainn cus saothair ris. It’s always the thing you least bothered with that would turn out best, ’s e an còmhnaidh an rud ris am bu lugha ghabhadh tu a shaothair a b’ fheàrr a bha a’ tionndadh a-mach
4 bodraig, vn bodraigeadh m. I wouldn’t be bothered with him, cha bhithinn air mo bhodraigeadh leis. I can’t be bothered, cha bhodraiginn. I’m surprised she’d bother to be a home-help, is iongantach liumsa gum bodraigeadh i ri bhith na home-help. I didn’t bother with it a third time, cha do bhodraig mi an trìtheamh turas ris
5 sàraich, vn sàrachadh m
not need to bother v phr 1 expressed with neg plus ruig leas. You don’t need to bother, that won’t fetch him, cha ruig thu leas, cha toir sin leis e
2 expressed with neg plus leig leas. he need not bother, cha leig e leas
bothy n 1 (a) bothan m, gen & pl bothain
(b) bothag f, gen bothaig, pl bothagan
(c) both m, gen botha, pl bothan
2 bosaidh m, pl bosaidhean. At that time the squad were staying in a bothy, aig an àm sin bha an sguada a’ fuireach ann am bosaidh
botryoidal a (mineralogy) botrathoideach
bottle n 1 botal m, gen & pl botail, boiteil. Tins, packets, bottles and jars, canastairean, pacaidean, botail agus crogain. A brown bottle, botal ruadh. Where’s the bottle, càite bheil am botal. She used to come to take bottles out of the well, bhiodh i a’ tighinn a thoirt leis boiteil às an fhuaran. Unscrew (the top on) the bottle or undo (the screw-top on) the bottle, tuanaig am botal
2 buideal m, gen & pl buideil
3 searrag f, gen searraig, pl searragan
hot-water bottle n phr botal-teth m, gen & pl botail-theth
milk bottle n phr, see sv milk n
bottle v tr cuir am botal, vn cur am botal
bottle up v phr 1 cùm agad fhèin, vn cumail agad fhèin. I bottled it up for years, chùm mi agam fhèin e bliadhnachan
2 cùm greim air, vn cumail greim air. He bottled up his anger, chùm e greim air fhearg
bottom n 1 bonn m, gen & pl buinn. The bottom drawer, an drathair buinn. The bottom wire and the top wire, an uèir bhuinn agus an uèir mhullaich. That’s what’s at the bottom of the matter, shin agad an rud a th’ aig bonn na cùise. I was digging the top of the plot and the bottom of it, bha mi a’ ruamhar bràigh a’ bhallain, agus am bonn aige
2 bun m, gen buna, buin, pl buin, bunan. The cows are at the bottom of the knoll, tha an crodh aig bun a’ chnuic. What is at the bottom of the matter? dè tha aig bun na cùise?
3 tòn, tòin f, gen tòine, pl tònan. The bottom went out of the kettle, dh’fhalbh an tòin às a’ choire. The bottom’s gone out of the milk bottle, dh’fhalbh an tòin às a’ bhotal bhainne. If that chair had a proper bottom, nan robh tòin cheart anns an t-seithear sin. The bottom in this creel is loose, tha an tòin anns a’ chliabh a tha seo las
4 (of person) (a) (i) tòn f, gen tòine, pl tònan. He got a smack on the bottom, fhuair e deillseag air an tòin
(ii) tòineag f, gen tòineig, pl tòineagan. Make sure you wash your bottom, feuch gun glan thu do thòineag
(b) màs m, gen màis, pl màsan
(c) manchan m, gen manchain. I’ll give you a hot bottom, stiallaidh mi do mhanchan
5 ìochdar m, gen ìochdair
6 ùrlar m, gen ùrlair. He was walking along the bottom of the glen, bha e a’ coiseachd ann an ùrlar a’ ghlinne
7 (of sea) grunnd m, gen gruinnd, grunnda. It went to the bottom (of the sea), chaidh i chon a’ ghrunnd. A net on the bottom of the sea, lìon air grunnd na mara
from top to bottom adv phr o bhonn gu bàrr
go on one’s bottom (of baby) v phr bi a’ slèideagan. She’s going about on her bottom now, tha i a’ slèideagan a-nise, or tha i a’ falbh a’ slèideagan a-nise
bottom a gu h-ìosal. The bottom end of the field, ceann gu h-ìosal a’ raoin
bottomless a gun ghrunnd
bough n 1 geug f, gen gèige, pl geugan. A bird on every bough, eun air gach geìg
2 meanglan m, gen meanglain, pl meanglanan. Those boughs are withered, tha na meanglanan sin air seargadh
bought a, see sv buy v tr
boulangerite n (mineralogy) bulangairit f
boulder n ulbhag f, gen ulbhaig, pl ulbhagan ; also ulpag f, gen ulpaig, pl ulpagan. He sat on a boulder, rinn e suidhe air ulbhag. Dumps of sand, gravel, stones and boulders that date from the last glaciation, dùin de ghainmhich, de ghrinneal, de chlachan agus de dh’ulbhagan a chaidh fhàgail aig àm an eigheachaidh mu dheireadh
boulder trail n phr slighe f ulbhag, pl slighean ulbhag
boulder-clay n crèadh-chlach f, gen crèadha-chlach
bounce I v i 1 (a) leum, vn leum m
(b) thoir leum air ais, vn toirt leum air ais. The cup fell and bounced off the floor and even then it didn’t break, thuit an copan is thug e leum air ais den làr is an dèidh sin cha do bhris e
2 expressed with buail air ais, vn bualadh air ais. The ball bounced off the wall, bhuail am bàla air ais den bhalla
II bounce v tr 1 thoir air (rud) leum
2 thoir leum à, thoir leumannan à, vn toirt lèim à, toirt leumannan à
3 buail, vn buaileadh m. He was bouncing the ball off the ground, bha e a’ bualadh a’ bhàla den talamh
bouncy a expressed with leum v air ais. The ball is round and bouncy, ’s e bàla cruinn a th’ ann is leumaidh e air ais glè mhath
bound n 1 sìnteag f, gen sìnteig, pl sìnteagan
2 sùrdag f, gen sùrdaig, pl sùrdagan
3 cruinnleum m, gen cruinnleim, pl cruinnleuman. He gave a bound, thug e cruinnleum
bound n crìoch f, gen crìche, pl crìochan
out of bounds a phr 1 toirmisgte
2 expressed with bi plus toirmeasg air. That part of the city was out of bounds, bha toirmeasg air a’ phàirt sin den bhaile
within reasonable bounds adv phr am measarrachd
bound a, see bind v tr
bound v i 1 (a) thoir sìnteag, vn toirt sìnteig
(b) thoir sùrdag, vn toirt sùrdaig
(c) thoir leum, vn toirt leum
2 falbh nad chruinnleum, vn falbh nad chruinnleum. He bounded away, dh’fhalbh e na chruinnleum
bound v tr cuir crìoch ri, vn cur crìche ri
boundary n crìoch f, gen crìche, pl crìochan. That will be at the boundary of his croft, bidh sin aig crìoch na lot aige. The boundary between the Erradale and Redpoint hill-grazing, a’ chrìoch eadar monadh Eàrradail agus an Rubha Dheirg. These dykes were major land boundaries, ’s e crìochan cudthromach air fearann a bha anns na gàrraidhean seo
boundary n crìoch f, pl crìochan
bountiful a fialaidh
bourgeois a bùirdeasach, comp bùirdeasaiche
bournonite n (mineralogy) burnoinit f
bourtree n (Sambucus nigra), see elder n
bow n 1 bogha m, pl boghachan. Fiddle and bow, fidheall is bogha. He tied it in a bow, cheangail e na bhogha e
2 (archery) (a) bogha m, pl boghachan. Bow and arrow, bogha is saighead
(b) bogha-saighead m, pl boghachan-saighead ; or bogha-saighde m, pl boghachan-saighde
bow n (of boat) toiseach m, gen toisich, pl toisichean. In the bow of the boat, ann an toiseach a’ bhàta
bow n (salutation) ùmhlachd f
bow v i 1 dèan ùmhlachd, vn dèanamh ùmhlachd
2 (a) crom, vn cromadh m
(b) lùb, vn lùbadh m
3 (a) strìochd, vn strìochdadh m
(b) gèill, vn gèilleadh m. We must bow to the inevitable, feumaidh sinn gèilleadh don nì nach gabh a sheachnadh
bowels n innidh f
bowl n (in bowls) bobhla m, pl bobhlaichean
bowl n (vessel) 1 bobhla m, pl bobhlaichean
2 cuach f, gen cuaich, pl cuachan
bowl v tr 1 roilig, vn roiligeadh. He was bowling a hoop, bha e a’ rolaigeadh cearcaill
2 (bowls) caith, vn caitheamh m (bobhla)
3 (cricket) bobhlaig, vn bobhladh m, bobhlaigeadh m. He bowled him out, bhobhlaig e a-mach e
bowling n 1 bobhladh m, gen bobhlaidh
2 bobhlaireachd
bowling-alley n ionad-bobhlaidh m, gen ionaid-bhobhlaidh, pl ionadan-bobhlaidh
bowling green n phr faiche f bobhlaidh, pl faichean bobhlaidh
bowl over v phr 1 cuir troimhe-chèile, vn cur troimhe-chèile
2 expressed with iongantas m, gen iongantais. I was quite bowled over, ghabh mi iongantas dha-rìribh
bow-legged a camachasach
bowlingite n (mineralogy) bobhlaingit f
bowsprit n crann-spreòid m, gen & pl croinn-spreòid
bowstring n taifeid m, pl taifeidean
box n 1 (a) bogsa m, pl bogsaichean ; or bocsa m, pl bocsaichean. The eggs are taken to a packing station where they are packed in boxes, thèid na h-uighean a thoirt do stèisean pacaidh far a bheileas gam pacadh ann am bogsaichean
(b) bocas m, gen & pl bocais ; or bucas m, gen & pl bucais
2 ciste f, pl cisteachan
box n (blow) 1 sglabhart m, gen sglabhairt, pl sglabhartan. A box on the ear, sglabhart mun chluais
2 buille f, pl buillean
box n (Buxus sempervirens) bucsa m ; also bocsa m
box v tr & i (fight) 1 bogsaig, vn bogsaigeadh m, bogsadh m ; or bocsaig, vn bocsaigeadh m, bocsadh m
2 dèan sabaid, vn dèanamh sabaid
box v tr cuir ann am bocas, vn cur ann am bocas
box the compass v phr gabh a’ chombaist, vn gabhail na combaist. See also compass n for the compass boxed in Gaelic
boxen a 1 bucsach ; also bocsach
2 de bhucsa
boxer n 1 bogsair m, pl bogsairean ; also bocsair m, pl bocsairean
2 neach-sabaid m, pl luchd-sabaid
boxer n (dog) bogsair m, pl bogsairean
box-tree n craobh f bhucsa f, gen craoibhe bucsa, pl craobhan bucsa
boy n 1 balach m, gen & pl balaich. Two boys, dithis bhalach or dithis bhalaich. Boys and girls, balaich agus caileagan. A healthy boy who’s growing eats like a quern grinds, balach fileanta ’s e fàs ithidh e mar bhleitheas brà (saying). Hello boys, uill a bhalacha
2 gille m, pl gillean. They are seven girls and the boy, tha iad seachdnar nigheanan ann agus an gille
big boy n phr 1 balach m mòr, gen balaich mhòir, pl balaich mhòra
2 expressed with steòc m. He’ll be a big boy now, bidh am balach na steòc a-nis
3 (aged about 10 to 12 years) rot m. He’s got quite a big boy now, tha e na rot a-nis
boy who wastes time going uselessly back and fore, gille-flidear m
brace n (pair) 1 paidhir f, paidhirichean. He sent us a brace of pheasants, chuir e thugainn paidhir feusain
2 càraid f, pl càraidean
brace n 1 ceangal m, gen ceangail, pl ceanglaichean, ceangail
2 daingneachadh m, gen daingneachaidh, pl daingneachaidhean
3 teannachadh m, gen teannachaidh, pl teannachaidhean
4 (dental) taic-fhiaclan f, pl taicean-fhiaclan
brace v tr 1 daingnich, vn daingneachadh m
2 teannaich, vn teannachadh m
bracelet n 1 làmh-fhailean m, gen làmh-fhailein, pl làmh-fhaileanan
2 bràislead m, gen bràisleid, pl bràisleadan
braces n 1 strapaichean f pl. One of your braces is undone, tha tè de na strapaichean agad tuanaichte
2 (a) galaisean pl
(b) galars pl
bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) n 1 raineach f, gen rainich. Here is found a variety of grassland species as well as bracken, gheibhear an seo caochladh sheòrsachan de ghnèithean lusraich a bhuineas do thalamh-feòir, agus raineach a thuilleadh air a sin
2 (dialects) fraineach f ; raithneach f ; roithneach f
bracket n camag f, gen camaig, pl camagan. Angled brackets, camagan biorach. Round brackets, camagan cruinne. Square brackets, camagan ceàrnach
brae n 1 bruthach or bruthaich m, or bruthaich f, gen bruthaich, pl bruthaichean. The sheep is on the brae, tha a’ chaora anns a’ bhruthach. I’ve seen our brae, that you couldn’t get up or down it for snow, chunnaic mi a’ bhruthaich againn, nach fhaigheadh tu a-bhàn no an àird innte le sneachd. He was out over the brae like lightning after him, bha e a-mach a’ bhruthaich mar an dealanach às a dhèidh
2 leathad m, gen leathaid, leothaid, pl leathaidean, leòidean
brag n 1 bòst m, gen bòsta
2 spaglainn f
brag v i 1 dèan bòst, vn dèanamh bòst (about, of, à)
2 dèan uaill, vn dèanamh uaille (about, of, à)
braid n 1 figheachan m, gen & pl figheachain
2 pleat m, pl pleatan ; pleatadh m, pl pleataidhean
3 dual m, gen duail, pl dualan
braid v tr 1 figh, vn fighe m
2 cuir ann am pleatan, vn cur ann am pleatan
3 cuir ann an dualan, vn cur ann an dualan
braided a 1 pleatach. Braided hair, falt pleatach. Braided stream, sruth pleatach
2 dualach
brain n 1 eanchainn f
2 expressed with inntinn f. He has it on the brain, tha e a’ laighe air inntinn
3 expressed with ceann m, gen cinn. She has great brains, tha an deagh cheann aice
brains n pl eanchainn f. It nearly knocked my brains out, theab e an eanchainn a chur asam. I haven’t got the brains for it, chan eil an eanchainn agamsa air a shon
brain v tr cuir an eanchainn à, vn cur na h-eanchainn à
brake n 1 breig f, gen breige, pl breigean ; also breic f, gen breice, pl breicean
2 casgan m, gen casgain, pl casganan
bramble n (Rubus fruticosus) 1 (bush) dris f, gen drise, pl drisean
2 (berry) smeur f, gen smeura, pl smeuran
bramble, arctic n (Rubus articus) sùbh m artaigeach, gen sùibh artaigich, pl sùbhan artaigeach
bramble, stone n (Rubus saxatilis) 1 sùbh m bhan mìne, gen sùibh bhan mìne, pl sùbhan bhan mìne ; also sùbh m nam ban mìne, gen sùibh nam ban mìne, pl sùbhan nam ban mìne
2 caor f bhan mìne, gen caora bhan mìne, pl caoran bhan mìne
bramble-berry (Rubus fruticosus) n smeur f, gen smeura, pl smeuran
brambling n (Fringilla montifringilla) 1 breacan-caorainn m, gen & pl breacain-chaorainn
2 lùth-eun m, gen & pl lùth-eòin
brambly a driseach ; also druiseach. The brambly headland, an Àird Druiseach (home of bard William Ross)
bran n 1 pronn m, gen proinn. I’ll get sacks of bran for the cows, gheobh mi pocaichean proinn don chrodh
2 garbhan m, gen garbhain
3 bran m
branch n 1 (of tree) (a) geug f, gen gèige, pl geugan. Branches that fell from the tree, geugan a thuit den chraoibh. John came with some gorse branches, thàinig Iain is geugan conaisg aige
(b) meanglan m, gen meanglain, pl meanglanan. Those branches are withered, tha na meanglanan a tha sin air seargadh
(c) meur m & f, gen meòir, pl meòir, meòirean. There’s a dead calm outside, there’s not a branch of the tree moving, tha fèath dubh a-muigh, chan eil meur dhen a’ chriùbh gluasad
2 (of society, firm) meur f, gen & pl meòir. A branch of An Comunn, meur den Chomunn
3 earrann f, gen earrainn, pl earrannan
4 expressed with sliochd m
branches n pl barrach m, gen barraich
branch pipe n phr meur-phìob f, pl meur-phìoban
branch v i 1 sgaoil, vn sgaoileadh m
2 cuir (a-mach) meuran, vn cur mheur
branch out v phr 1 sgaoil a-mach, vn sgaoileadh a-mach
2 leudaich, vn leudachadh m
branched a (botany) meurach. Branched broomrape, mùchag mheurach
brand n 1 (burnt piece of wood) aithinne m, pl aithinnean, aithinntean
2 (particular product) seòrsa m, pl seòrsaichean
3 (a) iarann m dearg, gen iarainn dheirg, pl iarannan dearga
(b) comharr m, pl comharran (iarainn deirg)
brand v tr 1 loisg le iarann dearg, vn losgadh le iarann dearg
2 dàth, dòth, le iarann dearg, vn dàthadh m, dòthadh m, le iarann dearg
3 comharraich le iarann dearg, vn comharrachadh le iarann dearg
brander n branndair m, pl branndairean
see also gridiron n
brandish v tr 1 crath, vn crathadh m. He was brandishing his stick at them, bha e a’ crathadh a bhata riutha
2 beartaich, vn beartachadh m
brand-new a ùr-nodha. There was a brand-new cover on it, bha coibhear ùr-nodha air
brandy n branndaidh f
brash (cut branches off tree) v tr snaidh, vn snaidheadh m. Brashing trees, a’ snaidheadh craobhan
brass n pràis f
brass mod pràise
I haven’t got a brass farthing, chan eil sgilling ruadh agam
brassy a pràiseach
braunite n (mineralogy) bràinit f
brat n isean m, gen isein, pl iseanan. You brat! a dhroch isein (a tha thu ann)!
brave a 1 treubhach m, gen treubhaiche
2 treun, comp treasa, treise
3 gaisgeil, comp gaisgeile
4 calma
brave man n phr àrmann m, gen & pl àrmainn
bravery n 1 treubhanras m, gen treubhantais
2 (a) gaisge f
(a) gaisgeachd f
brawl n 1 tuasaid f, pl tuasaidean
2 sabaid f, pl sabaidean
3 còmhstri f, pl còmhstrithean
4 stairirich f
brawl v i 1 (a) dèan còmhstri, vn dèanamh còmhstri
(b) dèan stairirich, vn dèanamh stairirich
2 (of a stream) sruth gu fuaimeil, vn sruthadh gu fuaimeil
brawling a 1 sabaideach
2 tuasaideach
3 (of a stream) (a) fuaimeil
(b) labhar. The Brawling Brook, an t-Alltan Labhar (place-name)
brawny a 1 fèitheach
2 tomaltach
3 calma
braxy n bragsaidh f
bray n 1 sitir f
2 beuc m
3 ràn m, gen ràin
bray v i 1 (a) bi a’ sitrich
(b) dèan sitrich f
2 bi a’ rànail
(b) dèan rànail f
bray v tr pronn, vn pronnadh m
braze v tr 1 (decorate with or make of brass) pràisich, vn pràiseachadh m
2 (join with brass) tàth le pràis, vn tàthadh le pràis
brazed a 1 (a) pràisichte
(b) air a phràiseachadh
2 air a thàthadh le pràis
brazen a 1 pràiseach
2, also brazen-faced (a) dàsanach, also darsainneach
(b) ladarna
(c) gun nàire. That was a brazen lie, ’s e breug gun nàire a bha siod
brazen v tr. He brazened it out, rinn e an gnothach gu dàn air
Brazil pr n a’ Bhrasail, gen na Brasail
Brazilian n Brasaileach m, gen & pl Brasailich
Brazilian a Braisaileach
Brazil-nut n cnò f Bhrasaileach, gen cnò brasailich, pl cnothan Brasaileach
breach n 1 beàrn f, gen beirne, beàirn, pl beàrnan. A breach in the wall, beàrn sa bhalla
2 bealach m, gen bealaich, pl bealaichean
3 (a) briseadh m, gen brisidh, pl brisidhean. A breach in the mountainn, briseadh air a’ bheinn. It was a breach of faith, ’s e briseadh geallaidh a bh’ ann
(b) mealladh m, gen meallaidh, pl meallaidhean
breach v tr 1 (a) dèan beàrn an, vn dèanamh beàirn an
(b) thoir beàrn air, vn toirt beàirn air
bread n 1 aran m, gen arain. I was eating the bread, bha mi ag ithe an arain. Daily bread, aran làitheil
2 (loaf bread) (a) aran m lof, gen arain lof
(b) lofa f. The bread isn’t too good, chan eil a’ lofa ro mhath. A piece of bread, pìos lof
bread made from flour and hot water, aran m sgalaigidh, gen arain sgailigidh (cf Sc “scallit scone”)
gingerbread n 1 aran m donn, gen arain duinn
2 aran m dainnseir, gen arain dainseir
oat-bread n (oatcake) aran-coirce m, gen arain-choirce. A piece of oat-bread, pìos arain-choirce
piece of loaf bread or oat-bread with butter (and cheese) on it, ceapaire m, pl ceapairean
breadcrumb n 1 sprodag f arain, gen sprodaig arain, pl sprodagan arain
2 criomag f arain, gen criomaig arain, pl criomagan arain
breadcrumbs n also expressed with smùrach m arain, gen smùraich arain. The mice ate the breadcrumbs, dh’ith na luchan smùrach an arain
breadth n 1 leud m, gen leòid
2 (a) farsaingeachd f. In order to achieve the kind of breadth and balance suggested, gus ruighinn air an t-seòrsa farsaingeachd agus co-chòrdaidh a thathar a’ toirt mun aire
(b) expressed with farsaing a. To ensure balance, breadth, continuity, coherence and progression gus cùisean a dhèanamh da-rireabh cothromach, farsaing, leantainneach, cunbhalach agus adhartach. Within a curriculum that is balanced, has breadth, and is continuous, ann an clàr-teagaisg a tha cothromach, farsaing agus leantainneach
bread-winner n 1 neach-cothachaidh m, pl luchd-cothachaidh
2 neach-cothachaidh m teaghlaich, pl luchd-cothachaidh teaghlaich. She is the bread-winner, ’s ise neach-cothachaidh an teaghlaich
break n 1 bristeadh m, gen bristidh, pl bristidhean
2 sgàineadh m, gen sgàinidh, pl sgàinidhean
3 sgaradh m, gen sgaraidh, pl sgaraidhean
break v tr & i 1 (a) bris, vn briseadh m ; also brist, vn bristeadh m. Have you broken it? an do bhris thu e? He broke his leg, bhris e a chas. They broke their journey there, bhris iad an turas an sin. His heart is breaking, tha an cridhe aige a’ briseadh. They broke away, bhris iad air falbh. The broke into the house, bhris iad a-steach don taigh. The good weather broke, bhris an tìde mhath. They were breaking stones, bha iad a’ briseadh chlachan
(b) bris air, vn briseadh air. That nearly broke the bank, theab siod briseadh air a’ bhanca
2 sgàin, vn sgàineadh m. The cup has broken, sgàin an copan
3 sgar, vn sgaradh m
4 (of horses) (a) bris, vn briseadh m. He used to break the horses there, ’s ann an sin a bhitheadh e a’ briseadh nan each. He was breaking the horses in, bha e a’ briseadh a-steach nan each
(b) stamh, vn stamhadh ; also stamhnaich, vcn stamhnachadh
break down v phr tr & i bris sìos, vn briseadh sìos. The bus broke down, bhris am bus sìos
break free v phr tuanaig, vn tuanaigeadh. The icebergs were breaking free in the northern ocean, bha na cnuic-eighe a’ tuanaigeadh sa chuan a-tuath
break into pieces v i phr 1 bris nad chriomagan, vn briseadh nad chriomagan
2 falbh nad chriomagan, vn falbh nad chriomagan. The fish was breaking into pieces in the pan, bha an t-iasg a’ falbh na chriomagan air a’ phana
3 rach na phìosan. It broke into pieces, chaidh e na phìosan
break out v phr 1 (a) bris a-mach, vn briseadh a-mach. They broke out of prison, bhris iad a-mach às a’ phrìosan
(b) bris, vn briseadh m. The cold started on him too, and his mouth broke out, shìn an cnatan air fhèin, is bhris am beul aige
2 thòisich, vn tòiseachadh m. When the war broke out, nuair a thòisich an cogadh
3 expressed with rach plus an prep, vn dol plus an prep. A fire broke out in the house, chaidh an taigh na thèine
break up v phr (school) sgaoil, vn sgaoileadh. School breaks up next week, bithidh an sgoil a’ sgaoileadh an ath sheachdain
broken a briste. They are broken, tha iad briste. Donald has a broken leg, tha Dòmhnall is a chas briste. Better broken Gaelic than Gaelic in the coffin, b’ fheàrr Gàidhlig bhriste na Gàidhlig anns a’ chiste
broken down a phr briste sìos. He was quite broken down when his father died, bha e gu math briste sìos nuair a chaochail athair
break-down n briseadh m sìos, gen brisidh sìos. A nervous breakdown, briseadh-sìos nearbhach
break-down lorry n phr làraidh-thobhaidh f, pl làraidhean-tobhaidh
breaker n 1 (a) neach-brisidh m, gen neach-bhrisidh, pl luchd-brisidh. Breakers of oaths, luchd-bhrisidh mhionn
(b) briseadair m, pl briseadairean
2 (wave) (a) tonn m, gen tuinne, pl tonnan, plus a’ briseadh. Breakers ahead! tonnan a’ briseadh romhainn!
(b) expressed with sùmainn f, pl sùmainnean, plus a’ briseadh. Great breakers on the shore, sùmainnean mòra a’ briseadh air a’ chladach
breakfast n 1 bracaist f, pl bracaistean ; also bracfast f, and bracfaist f. Have you eaten your breakfast? an do ghabh thu do bhracaist? An egg for your breakfast, ugh gu do bhracfast
2 biadh-maidne m, gen bìdh-mhaidne, pl biadhan-maidne. When is breakfast served? cuine bhitheas am biadh-maidne deiseil?
breakfast-time n trath-bracoist f, or trath-bracfaist
break-neck a. He went off at break-neck speed, dh’fhalbh e fon ghiodaidh dhearg
breakwater n 1 (artificial) tonnchasg m, gen tonnchaisg, pl tonnchasgan
• balla-fasgaidh m, gen balla-fhasgaidh, pl ballachan-fasgaidh
2 (natural) doirlinn f fhasgaidh, gen doirlinn fasgaidh, pl doirlinnean fasgaidh
bream, black n (black sea-bream, Spondyliosoma cantharus) carbhanach m dubh, gen carbhanaich dhuibh, pl carbhanaich dhubha
bream, common n (Abramis brama) briantadh m cumanta, gen briantaidh chumanta
bream, river n (Abramis brama, Blicca bjoerkna) briantadh m, gen briantaidh
bream, red n (red sea-bream, Pagellus bogaraveo) carbhanach m dearg, gen carbhanaich dheirg, pl carbhanaich dheargak
bream, sea n (Spondyliosoma cantharus, Pagellus bogaraveo) carbhanach m, gen & pl carbhanaich
bream, silver n (Blicca bjoerkna) briantadh m geal, gen briantaidh ghil
breast n 1 cìoch f, gen cìche, dat cìch, pl cìochan. She has the baby on the breast, tha an leanabh aice air a’ chìch. Her two breasts were sore, bha a dà chìch goirt
2 broilleach m & f, gen broillich. She has the baby on the breast, tha an leanabh air a’ bhroilleach aice, or tha an leanabh air a’ bhroillich aice
3 (a) uchd m, pl uchdan
(b) (in topography) uchdan m, gen uchdain, pl uchdanan
make a clean breast of it, aidich gu tur e
breastbone n cnàmh m uchda, gen cnàimh uchda, pl cnàmhan uchda
breast-feed v tr 1 thoir do bhroilleach do, vn toirt do bhroilleach do. She is breast-feeding the baby, tha i a’ toirt a broilleach don leanabh. Is she breast-feeding both of them? a bheil i a’ toirt a broilleach dhaibh le chèile?
2 expressed with bi plus (an leanabh) air a’ bhroillich or a’ bhroilleach. She’s breast-feeding the baby, tha an leanabh air a’ bhroilleach aice. She’s breast-feeding him, tha e aice air a’ bhroillich
3 expressed with bi plus (an leanabh) aice air a’ chìch. She is breast-feeding the baby, tha an leanabh aice air a’ chìch
4 expressed with bi biathadh (an leanaibh) i fhèin. She is breast-feeding the baby, tha i a’ biathadh an leanaibh i fhèin
breast-fed a 1 expressed with thoir do bhroilleach do. Her baby is breast-fed, tha i a’ toirt a broilleach don leanabh
2 expressed with bi plus (an leanabh) aice air a’ chìch. Her baby is breast-fed, tha an leanabh aice air a’ chìch
3 expressed with bi plus (an leanabh) aice air a’ bhroillich. Her baby is breast-fed, tha an leanabh aice air a’ bhroillich
4 expressed with bi biathadh (an leanaibh) i fhèin. Her baby is breast-fed, tha i a’ biathadh an leanaibh i fhèin
breast-pocket n pòcaid-bhroillich f, gen pòcaid-broillich, pl pòcaidean-broillich. In my breast-pocket, nam phòcaid-bhroillich
inside breast-pocket n phr pòcaid-achlais f, pl pòcaidean-achlais
breath n 1 anail f, gen analach, pl anailean
2 (of wind, in negative expressions) deò f. There wasn’t a breath of wind, cha robh deò ghaoithe ann
bad breath n phr expressed with fàileadh m de dh’anail, gen fàilidh de dh’anail. You have bad breath, tha fàileadh de t’anail, or tha mi a’ faighinn fàileadh de t’anail
out of breath a phr 1 expressed with neg plus anail aig. I’m out of breath, chan eil anáil agam
2 a-mach à anail. I’m out of breath, tha mi a-mach à anail
3 expressed with anail na uchd. She was out of breath, bha a h-anail na h-uchd
breath of fresh air n phr 1 (literal) làn-beòil m de dh’àile glan, gen & pl làin-bheòil de dh’àile glan
2 (figurative) urachadh m, gen ùrachaidh. It was a breath of fresh air to me, bha e na ùrachadh dhomh
in the same breath adv phr aig an aon àm
short of breath a phr goirid san anail
shortness of breath n phr giorr-analach f
under your breath adv phr fo t-anail. He said it under his breath, thubhairt e e fo anail
breathalyse v tr 1 dearbh anail, vn dearbhadh analach
2 (familiar) cuir am poca air, vn cur a’ phoca air. He was breathalysed last night, chaidh am poca chur air a-raoir
breathalyser n 1 poca m analach, pl pocannan analach
2 analadair m, pl analadairean
breathe v i 1 anailich, vn analachadh m
2 expressed with anail f. Breathe in, tarraing (a-steach) t’anail, or thoir a-staigh t’anail. Breathe out, cuir a-mach t’anail, or leig a-mach t’anail. He’s breathing, tha e a’ tarrainn anail. I can’t breathe, chan fhaigh mi anail. Is she breathing? a bheil anail innte? We were breathing deeply, bha sinn a’ tarraing anail mhòr. Breathe on a window, sèid t’anail air uinneig
don’t breathe a word of it, na luaidh de do bheul e ; also na can smid ma dheidhinn
he breathed his last, dh’fhàg an anail e ; also chaidh am beò às
breathing n (linguistics) analachadh m, gen analachaidh. Rough, smooth, breathing, garbh-analachadh, sèimh-analachadh
breather n 1 (rest) anail f, gen analach, pl anailean. We’ll have a breather for a minute, leigidh sinn ar n-anail mionaid
2 (vent for equalisation of pressure) anailiche m, pl analaichean. Is the breather blocked? a bheil an t-anailiche stopte?
breathless n 1 goirid san anail
2 expressed with bi a’ plosgartaich
3 expressed with seathan m air, gen seathain air
breccia n (geology) breccia f
breech n tòn f, gen tòine
breech birth, breech delivery n phr expressed with a thaobh na tòine. He was a breech birth, rugadh e a thaobh a thòine. It will be a breech delivery, thèid a’ leanabh a bhreith a thaobh a thòine
breeches n 1 briogais f
2 triubhas m, gen triubhais
breed n 1 briod m, gen brioda, pl briodan, briodaichean
2 seòrsa m, pl seòrsaichean
3 gnè f
4 sìol m, gen sìl
breed I v tr 1 gin, vn gintinn f
2 briod, vn briodadh m ; also brid, vn brideadh m, brideachadh m. He breeds sheep, tha e a’ briodadh chaorach
II breed v i 1 gin, vn gintinn f. The deer are breeding, tha na féidh a’ gintinn
2 tarmaich, vn tarmachadh m
breeding n 1 oilean m, gen oilein. Bad breeding, droch oilean
2 ionnsachadh m, gen ionnsachaidh
3 modh m, gen modha
4 munadh m, gen munaidh
breeks n briogais f, pl briogaisean
breeze n 1 oiteag f, gen oiteig, pl oiteagan
2 osag f, gen osaig, pl osagan
3 brìos m, pl brìosan ; brìosan m, gen brìosain, pl brìosanan. There’s a nice breeze, tha brìosan snog ann. There’s a good breeze, tha brìosán math oirre. There’s a nice breeze today, tha brìos snog an diugh ann. There’s quite a breeze of wind now, tha brìos math air a’ ghaoith a-nis. If there’d be a breeze outside the fire would go better, nam biodh brìos a-muigh rachadh an teine na b’ fheàrr
4 èireag f, gen èireig, pl èireagan. There’s a nice breeze today, tha èireag shnog an diugh ann. You’d be pleased with a cool breeze, bhiodh tu toilichte le èireag fhuar
5 tlàth-ghaoth f, gen tlàth-ghaoithe, pl tlàth-ghaothan
6 soirbheas m, gen soirbheis
favourable breeze n phr 1 soirbheas m, gen soirbheis
2 còmhdhail f, gen còmhdhalach. We got a favourable breeze across, fhuair sinn còmhdhail a-null
fresh breeze n phr (Beaufort scale force 5) oiteag f bheothail, gen oiteig beothail, pl oiteagan beothail
gentle breeze n phr 1 (Beaufort scale force 3) oiteag f shocair, gen oiteig socair, pl oiteagan socair
2 fannan m, gen fannain, pl fannanan
light breeze n phr (Beaufort scale force 2) oiteag f aotrom, gen oiteig aotruim, pl oiteagan aotram
moderate breeze n phr (Beaufort scale force 4) oiteag f chuimseach, gen oiteig cuimsich, pl oiteagan cuimseach
soft breeze n phr 1 oiteag f mhaoth, gen oiteig maoithe, pl oiteagan maotha
2 fann-ghaoth f, gen fann-ghaoithe, pl fann-ghaothan
strong breeze n phr (Beaufort scale force 6) oiteag f làidir, oiteig làidir, pl oiteagan làidir
breezy a 1 oiteagach
2 uspagach
3 expressed with bi plus brìos ann. It’s breezy, tha brìos ann, or tha brìos oirre, tha brìosán oirre
brethren n pl bràithrean
Breton pr n 1 Breatnach m, gen & pl Breatnaich
2 (language) Breatnais f
brevity n 1 aithghearrachd f
2 giorrad m, gen giorraid
brew I v tr 1 (beer, etc) (a) tog, vn togail f
(b) dèan grùdaireachd, vn dèanamh grùdaireachd
2 (tea) tarraing, vn tarraing f
II brew v i (tea) tarraing, vn tarraing f
2 (a) dèan, vn dèanamh
(b) expressed with bi a’ dol a dhèanamh. There’s a storm brewing, tha i a’ dol a dhèanamh stoirm
brewer n grùdaire m, pl grùdairean
brewery n taigh-grùide m, pl taighean-grùide
briar n dris f, gen drise, pl drisean
briar, sweet n (Rosa rubiginosa) 1 dris f chùbhraidh, gen drise cùbhraidh, pl drisean cùbhraidh
2 cùr-dhris f, gen cùr-dhrise, pl cùr-dhrisean
bribe n brìb f, gen brìbe, pl brìbean, brìbeachan. Who has not accepted a bribe? cò nach do ghabh brìb?
bribe v tr brìb, vn brìbeadh m
bribery n brìbeireachd f
brick n breige f, pl breigichean, breigeachan ; also breice f, pl breicichean, breiceachan
he dropped a brick, rinn e iomrall
brick v tr
brick up v phr dùin le breigichean, vn dùnadh le breigichean. The window was bricked up, chaidh an uinneag a dhùnadh le breigichean
brick cap n (Hypholoma sublateritium) ceap m breige, gen cip bhreige, pl ceapan breige
bricklayer n 1 breigeire m, pl breigeirean ; also breiceire m, pl breiceirean
2 breigeadair m, pl breigeadairean ; also breiceadair m, pl breiceadairean
bridal a 1 (a) pòsta
(b) pòsaidh. bridal garments, aodach pòsaidh
2 bainnse. The bridal party, luchd na bainnse
bride n 1 bean-bhainnse f, gen mnà-bainnse, pl mnathan-bainnse
2 bean-òg f, gen mnà-òige, pl mnathan-òga
3 bean f nuadh-phòsta, gen mnà nuadh-phòsta, pl mnathan nuadh-phòsta
bridegroom n 1 fear-bainnse m, gen & pl fir-bhainnse
2 duine-òg m, gen duine-òig, pl daoine-òga
3 fear m nuadh-phòsta, gen & pl fir nuadh-phòsta
bridesmaid n 1 maighdeann-phòsaidh f, gen maighdinn-pòsaidh, pl maighdeannan-pòsaidh
2 maighdeann f, gen maighdinn, pl maighdeannan. How many bridesmaids did she have? co mheud maighdeann a bh’ aice?
bridge n drochaid f, gen drochaide, pl drochaidean. The dog’s afraid of the bridge, tha eagal air a’ chù ron drochaid. The arch of the bridge, bogha na drochaide. The Forth Bridge, Drochaid na Foirthe
bridge v tr 1 cuir drochaid air, vn cur drochaid air
2 expressed with lìon, vn lìonadh m. To bridge the differences between the two forms of Gaelic education, gus a’ bheàrn a lìonadh eadar an dà sheòrsa foghlaim Ghàidhlig
bridle n srian f, gen srèine, pl srianan or sriantan, srèinean
bridle v tr 1 (a) cuir srian air, vn cur srèine air. He bridled the horse, chuir e srian air an each
(b) cùm srian air, vn cumail srèine air
2 ceannsaich, vn ceannsachadh m
brief n (legal) geàrr-sgrìobhadh m (cùise), gen geàrr-sgrìobhaidh (chùise), pl gèarr-sgrìobhaidhean (chùisean)
I hold no brief for him, chan eil taobh agam ris
brief a 1 (a) goirid, comp giorra. In small group discussions of brief tasks, far a bheil buidhnean beaga a’ co-bheachdachadh air gnìomhan goirid. They will be able to tell or re-tell brief stories, bidh comas aca stòiridhean goirid aithris no atharrais. This brief list, an liosta goirid seo
(b) expressed with rè ùine ghoirid. Cues which help them to sustain a brief line of argument, comharraidhean a bheir cothrom dhaibh argamaid a chumail a’ dol rè ùine ghoirid
2 geàrr, comp giorra
3 aithghearr, comp aithghearra, aithghiorra
in brief adv phr 1 (a) gu goirid
(b) gu geàrr
2 ann am beagan fhaclan
briefly adv 1 (a) gu goirid
(b) expressed with goirid a. They will report briefly on what they have heard, bheir iad cunntas goirid air na chuala iad
2 gu geàrr. Write briefly for a simple practical purpose, a’ sgrìobhadh gu geàrr airson adhbhair ghnìomhaich shìmplidh
3 (a) gu h-aithghearr
(b) ann an aithghearrachd. Comment briefly on the opinions and attitudes of the writer, a’ beachdachadh ann an aithghearrachd air beachdan agus rùintean an sgrìobhaiche
4 ann am beagan bhriathran. This section deals specifically and briefly with methods of planning assessment in language, tha an earrann seo a’ buntainn gu sònraichte ann am beagan bhriathran ri dòighean air a bhith a’ deasachadh measaidh air cànain
brief v tr
briefing n not directly expressed. The teacher will help pupils to benefit from these by preparatory briefing, bheir an tidsear cuideachadh don chloinn gus buannachd fhaotainn asta sin le bhith gan ullachadh ro làimh
briefness n 1 giorrad m, gen giorraid
2 aithghearrachd f
brier n = briar n
brigand n 1 spùinneadair m, pl spùinneadairean
2 sladaiche m, pl sladaichean
bright a 1 soilleir, comp soilleire. It is bright today, tha e soilleir an diugh. A bright, sunny day, latha soilleir grianach
2 (a) boillsgeil, comp boilsgeile. The sun is bright today, tha a’ ghrian boillsgeil an diugh. It was brighter yesterday, bha i na bu bhoillsgeile an dè. Sometimes sun-dogs are very bright, uaireannan bidh na doman glè bhoillsgeil. I saw two dog-tooth rainbows beside each other, they were very bright, but one was fading away, chunnaic mi dà cheanna-cruaidh ri taobh a chèile, bha iad glè bhoillsgeil, ach bha an dàrna fear a’ crìonadh air falbh
(b) boillsgeach, comp boillsgiche
3 geal, comp gile
4 glan, comp glaine
5 (clever, of intellect) (a) geur, comp geòire
(b) tuigseach, comp tuigsiche
(c) pungail, comp pungaile. Weren’t you bright! nach tu bha pungail!
he, she, is a bright spark, ’s e gille pungail a th’ ann, ’s e tè phungail a th’ innte
brighten v tr & i soillsich, vn soillseachadh m
brightness n soilleireachd f
brill (Scophthalmus rhombus) n bradan-sligeach m, gen bradain-sligich, pl bradanan-sligeach
brilliant a 1 boillsgeach, comp boillsgiche
2 lainnireach, comp lainniriche
3 (of intellect) (a) expressed with àrd inntleachd f
(b) expressed with air leth geur
brim n 1 beul m, gen & pl beòil. The basin is full to the brim, tha a’ mhias làn gu beul
2 bile f, pl bilean
3 oir m, gen oire, pl oirean
full to the brim a phr 1 làn gu beul
2 loma-làn
brimful, brimfull (postpositive a) 1 làn gu beul
2 loma-làn
he is brimful of health, tha e cho fallain ri fiadh ; tha e cho fallain ris a’ bhreac
brine n 1 (pickle) picil f
2 mearalas m, gen mearalais. As salt as brine, cho saillt ris a’ mhearalas (proverb)
3 (sea-water) sàl m, gen sàil
see also pickle n
bring v tr 1 (a) thoir, vn toirt f. So she brought her sister there, thug i a-rèiste a piuthar ann. I’m sorry for poor Donald though he actually brought it on himself, tha mi duilich airson Dòmhnall bochd ged as e e fhèin a thug air fhéin e. Although the speech children bring to school already makes use of complex structures, ged a tha a’ chainnt-bheòil a tha a’ chlann a’ toirt don sgoil a’ dèanamh feum cheana de structairean ioma-fhillte. Sections of stories can be read, discussed, re-drafted before being brought together, faodar earrainnean stòiridhean a leughadh, beachdachadh orra, an ath-dhreachdadh mus toirear cruinn còmhla iad. That brought them alive, thug siod beò iad. Bring those things to me, thoir thugam na rudan sin. He brought to me the sheep I had missed, thug e thugam a’ chaora air nach d’fhuair mi lorg
(b) thoir leat, vn toirt leat. bring your jacket, thoir leat do sheacaid. Did she bring her book, an tug i leatha an leabhar. The spoken language that pupils bring to school, a’ chainnt-bheòil a tha a’ chlann a’ toirt leotha don sgoil. Parents must not bring sick or infectious children to the day care facility, chan fhaod pàrantan clann a tha tinn no gabhaltach a thoirt leotha (or a thoirt leis) don ghoireas chùraim-làtha
2 beir, vn breith f
3 expressed with co-chuir, vn co-chur m. The teacher will encourage pupils to bring to their experience of stories their awareness of self, bidh an tidsear a’ misneachadh na cloinne gu bhith a’ co-chur ri am fiosrachadh air stòiridhean am mothachadh orra fhèin
bring about v phr 1 thoir gu buil, vn toirt gu buil. I brought it about, thug mi gu buil e
2 coisinn, vn cosnamh m. It was Anne who brought about for me that I got the money, ’s e Anna a choisinn domhsa gun d’fhuair mi an t-airgead
bring along with you v phr 1 thoir leat, vn toirt leat. What have you brought along with you there? dè rud a thug thu leat an sin?
2 thoir leat còmhla riut, vn toirt leat còmhla riut. She brought Donald along with her, thug i leatha Dòmhnall còmhla rithe
bring down v phr thoir sìos, vn toirt sìos. It brought down the goverment, thug e sìos an riaghaltas
bring forth v phr thoir a-mach, vn toirt a-mach. They brought forth blooms, thug iad a-mach blàthan
bring forward v phr (in time) 1 thoir air adhart, vn toirt air adhart. The date was brought forward, bha an ceann-latha air a thoirt air adhart
2 thoir a-staigh, vn toirt a-staigh. The communion has been brought forward a week, chaidh na h-òrduighean a thoirt a-staigh seachdain
bring home to v phr, see home adv
bring in v phr thoir a-steach, vn toirt a-steach. They brought in new ground, thug iad a-steach talamh ùr
bring into being v phr thoir gu bith, vn toirt gu bith. It brought into being a new way of thinking, thug e gu bith dòigh-smaoineachaidh ùr
bring off v phr thoir gu buil, vn toirt gu buil. You finally brought it off, mu dheireadh thall thug thu buil e
bring on v phr thoir air adhart, vn toirt air adhart
bring out v phr thoir a-mach, vn toirt a-mach. They were bringing out the full meaning of the subject, bha iad a’ toirt a-mach làn brìgh na cùis
2 seulaich, vn seulachadh m. The criteria might be to bring out the signs that the victim is a little bit afraid, ’s e na bun-chomharraidhean, is dòcha, na comharraidhean a sheulachadh gu bheil car de dh’eagal air an neach air a bheil brath
bring round v phr 1 thoir timcheall, vn toirt timcheall. The cold water brought him round, thug an t-uisge fuar timcheall e
2 thoir mun cuairt, vn toirt mun cuairt
bring to a close v phr, see close n
bring to a conclusion v phr, see conclusion n
bring to bear v phr, see bear v tr
bring together v phr 1 thoir còmhla, vn toirt còmhla
2 thoir gu chèile, vn toirt gu chèile. He brought us together, thug e sinn gu chèile
bring to notice v phr, see notice n
bring up v phr 1 (from a lower place) thoir a-nìos, vn toirt a-nìos
2 (a) thoir suas, vn toirt suas. Why have you brought that point up? carson a thug thu suas a’ phuing sin?
(b) thoir an àirde, vn toirt an àirde
3 (of children) (a) àraich, vn àrach m. Where were you brought up? càite an deach t’àrach? He was brought up in Glasgow, chaidh àrach an Glaschu
(b) (i) tog, vn togail f. Who brought them up then? Cò thog iad a-réiste? His father’s sister brought him up, ’s e piuthar athar a thog e. They were brought up in Glasgow, chaidh an togail an Glaschu
(ii) thoir togail do, vn toirt togail do. She’s bringing them up well, tha i toirt deagh thogail daibh
bring word v phr, see word n
bring yourself to v phr expressed with is urrainn dhut. I could not bring myself to believe it, cha b’ urrainn dhomh creideas a thoirt dha. Could you bring yourself to do such a thing? am b’ urrainn dhut a leithid a nì a dhèanamh?
brought a 1 air an toirt leis
2 expressed with thig, vn tighinn m. The goods that are sold in the shop are brought by lorry, bidh na gnothaichean a bhithear a’ reic sa bhùth a’ tighinn ann an làraidh
be brought v phr expressed with impersonal of tig. It’ll be brought to me, thigear thugam leis. One was brought to her, thànaigear thuice le fear
get brought, have brought v phr expressed with thig, vn tighinn. She’s getting meals brought to her, tha na biadhan a’ tighinn thuice
brink n 1 oir m, gen oire, pl oirean
2 bruach f, gen bruaiche, pl bruachan
brisk a 1 beothail, comp beothaile
2 sunndach, comp sunndaiche
3 sgairteil, comp sgairteile
brisket n 1 broilleach m, gen broillich. A piece of brisket, pìos broillich
2 mìr-uchd m
briskness n beothalachd f
2 sunndachd
3 smioralachd f
bristle n 1 gaoisdean m, gen gaoisdein, pl gaoisdeanan
2 (botany) calg m, gen & pl cuilg
3 frioghan m, gen & pl frioghain
bristle mod (botany) cuilg. Bristle bent, beinteach chuilg
bristle v 1 v tr expressed with cuir calg air, vn cur cuilg air. The dog bristled his hair, chuir an cù calg air fhèin
2 v i (a) thig plus calg air
(b) tog frioghan air, vn togail frioghain air
bristle-grass, foxtail n (Setaria italica) feur-cuilg m earbaill-shionnaich, gen feòir-chuilg earbaill-shionnaich
bristle-grass, green n (Setaria viridis) feur-cuilg m uaine, gen feòir-chuilg uaine
bristletail n (order Thysanura) eàrr-calgach m, gen earra-chalgaich, pl earran-calgach
bristleworm n (Polychaeta) boiteag-chuilg f, gen boiteig-cuilg, pl boiteagan-cuilg
bristly a 1 calgach, comp calgaiche
2 frioghanach, comp frioghanaiche
3 lan ghaoisdeanan
Britain pr n Breatainn f. Britain is now one of the world leaders in this field, tha Breatainn a-nis air tè de na dùthchannan as adhartaiche san t-saoghal sa chùis seo
British a 1 Breatannach
2 Breatainn. British Telecom, Telecom Breatainn
Briton n Breatannach m, gen & pl Breatannaich
brittle a 1 pronn. Wasn’t it brittle? nach e bha pronn? As brittle as cast-iron, cho pronn ris a’ phràis (proverb)
2 brisg, comp brisge
3 briseach, comp briseiche
brittleness n brisgealachd f
brittle-star n (Ophiuroidea) crasgag-bhrisg f, gen crasgaig-brisge, pl crasgagan-brisge
brittle-star, common n (Ophiothrix fragilis) crasgag-bhrisg f chumanta, gen crasgaig-brisg cumanta, pl crasgagan-brisge cumanta
broach v tr 1 toll, vn tolladh m
2 (a) leig, vn leigeil m. They broached the barrel, leig iad am baraille
(b) leig ruith le, vn leigeil ruith le
3 (of a topic) (a) tog, vn togail f. He broached the subject, thog e an cuspair
(b) cuir an cèill, vn cur an cèill
broad a 1 (a) farsaing, comp farsainge. The rationale describes the main features of the Gaelic curriculum in terms of the four broad attainment outcomes, tha an Fheallsanachd a’ toirt cunntais air na prìomh nithean a bhuineas do chlàr-teagaisg na Gàidhlig mar cheithir builean coileanaidh farsaing. statements of minimum competency or attainment targets, at five broad levels of development, iomraidhean air comasan aig a’ char as lugha, no cuimsean coileanaidh, agus iad sin aig còig ìrean farsaing de dh’adhartas. At a simple level, there are broad genres, aig ìre gu math sìmplidh tha seòrsachan farsaing ann de ghnè
(b) expressed with anns an fharsaingeachd. A number of broad attainment outcomes, mar àireamh de bhuilean coileanaidh a bhithear a’ stèidheachadh anns an fharsaingeachd
2 leathan, leathann, comp leatha, leotha. The other path is broader, tha an ceum eile nas leotha. Texts will have a broader range of language, bidh na teacsaichean nas leatha ann an cànain. Broad vowels, fuaimreagan leathann. The Broad Bay, an Camas Leathan (place-name)
3 coitcheann, comp coitcheanna. There are four broad aims, tha ceithir amasan coitcheann ann. Target audience develops from the broad idea of audience, tha luchd-amais sònraichte a’ fàs a-mach às a’ bheachd choitcheann a tha ann air luchd-amais
4 (vulgar) mì-stuama
broader a comp 1 (a) nas farsainge, as farsainge
(b) nas leatha, as leatha
(c) nas coitcheanna, as coitcheanna
2 expressed with barrachd. Teaching and learning in the classroom will involve pupils in a broader range of language activities, cuiridh teagasg agus ionnsachadh anns a’ chlas a’ chlann an sàs ann am barrachd ghnìomhan-cànain
broadly adv 1 (a) gu farsaing
(b) ann an dòigh fharsaing. Tone, used in relation to the sound of a communication, and more broadly to the attitude of a speaker, will be used when pupils discuss spoken communications, bithear a’ cleachdadh dòigh-labhairt, an co-cheangal ri fuaim conaltraidh agus ann an dòigh fharsaing ri sealladh neach-labhairt, an uair a bhios clann a’ beachdachadh air conaltradh-beòil
2 expressed with an ìre mhaith. Schools should aim to bring pupils to the stage of broadly equal competence, tha còir aig sgoiltean a bhith a’ cuimseachadh air a’ chlann a thoirt an ìre mhaith gu comas co-ionnan
broadly speaking adv phr airson na mòr chodach
broadcast n prògram-craolaidh m, pl prògraman-craolaidh. Including schools and other broadcasts, a’ gabhail a-staigh prògraman-craolaidh sgoiltean agus eile
broadcast mod craolaidh. Schools’ broadcast programmes, prògraman craolaidh airson sgoiltean
broadcast v tr 1 craol, vn craoladh m
2 craobh-sgaoil, vn craobh-sgaoileadh m
broadcasting n craoladh m, gen craolaidh. Useful texts are also provided by educational broadcasting, gheibhear teacsaichean feumail o chraoladh foghlaim. And by expanded provision for broadcasting, agus tha leudachadh air a thighinn air craoladh
broadcaster n 1 craoladair m, pl craoladairean. Journalists and broadcasters, luchd-naidheachd agus craoladairean
2 craobh-sgaoileadair m, pl craobh-sgaoileadairean
broaden v tr leudaich air, vn leudachadh air. The teacher will broaden pupils’ experience, leudaichidh an tidsear air fiosrachadh nas cloinne
broadleaved a leathan-duilleach. Broadleaved wood, coille leathan-duilleach
broad-minded a expressed with inntinn f fhosgailte. They took a broad-minded approch to the problem, thòisich iad air a’ cheist le inntinn fhosgailte
broad-mindedness n farsaingeachd f inntinn
broadness n leud m, gen leòid
2 farsaingeachd f
brochure n 1 bileag-fhiosrachaidh f, pl bileagan-fiosrachaidh. Newsletters, papers, reports, and brochures, litrichean-naidheachd, pàipearan, aithisgean agus bileagan-fiosrachaidh
2 (a) sanas-leabhran m, gen sanas-leabhrain, pl sanas-leabhranan
(b) leabhran m, gen leabhrain, pl leabhranan
brogue n bròg f èille, gen bròige èille, pl brògan èille
brogue n 1 blas m, gen blais, pl blasan
2 dualchainnt f, pl dualchainntean
broil n 1 sabaid f, pl sabaidean
2 caonnag f, gen caonnaig, pl caonnagan
broil v tr 1 grìosaich, vn grìosachadh
2 gril, grilig, vn grileadh
broiling mod 1 grilidh
2 expressed with airson a ghrileadh. I bought a broiling fowl, cheannaich mi cearc airson a grileadh
broker n 1 neach-gnothaich m, gen neach-ghnothaich, pl luchd-gnothaich
2 bròiceir m, pl bròiceirean. An insurance broker, bròiceir àrachais
brokerage n 1 (profession) bròiceireachd f
2 (commission) (a) coimisean m bròiceireachd, gen coimisein bhròiceireachd
(b) duais f neach-ghnothaich
brome n (Bromus spp.) bròmas, gen bròmais
brome, barren n (Bromus sterilis) bròmas m seasg, gen bròmais sheisg
brome, compact n (Bromus madritensis) bròmas m co-dhlùth, gen bròmais cho-dhlùith
brome, drooping n (Bromus tectorum) bròmas m crom-cheannach, gen bròmais chrom-cheannaich
brome, false n (Brachypodium sylvaticum) bròmas m brèige, gen bròmais bhrèige
brome, field n (Bromus arvensis) bròmas m achaidh, gen bròmais achaidh
brome, hairy n (Bromus ramosus) bròmas m molach, gen bròmais mholaich
brome, hairy, lesser n (Bromus benekenii) bròmas m molach beag, gen bròmais mholaich bhig
brome, meadow n (Bromus commutatus) bròmas m cluaine, gen bròmais chluaine
brome, rye n (Bromus secalinus) bròmas m seagail, gen bròmais sheagail
brome, rye, false n (Bromus pseudosecalinus) bròmas m seagail brèige, gen bròmais sheagail bhrèige
brome, smooth n (Bromus racemosus) bròmas m mìn, gen bròmais mhìn
brome, soft n (Bromus hordeaceus = Bromus mollis) bròmas m bog, gen bròmais bhuig
brome, soft, least n (Bromus hordeaceus ssp. ferronii) bròmas m bog as lugha, gen bròmais bhuig as lugha
brome, soft, lesser n (Bromus hordeaceus ssp. thominii) bròmas m bog beag, gen bròmais bhuig bhig
brome, soft, slender n (Bromus lepidus) bròmas m caol bog, gen bròmais chaoil bhuig
brome, upright n (Bromus erectus) bròmas m dìreach, gen bròmais dhìrich
bromate n bròmait f
bromide n bròimid f. Bromide paper, pàipear bròimid
bromine n bròimin m
bronchial a 1 sgòrnanach
2 broncach
bronchitis n 1 at m sgòrnain
2 broincìteas m, gen broinciteis
bronze n umha f
bronze mod 1 umha
2 an umha. Bronze Age Linn an Umha. A Bronze Age urn, poit de Linn an Umha
bronze medal n phr bonn m umha, gen & pl buinn umha
bronzed a (of skin) 1 (a) donn
(b) le craiceann donn. Like a bronzed Greek god, samhail an dè Ghreugaich le craiceann donn
2 lachdann
bronzite n (mineralogy) uimhit f
brooch n 1 bràiste f, pl bràistean
2 broidse m, pl broidseachan. My mother found the brooch after that, fhuair mo mhàthar am broidse an dèidh sin
brood n 1 àl m, gen àil
2 (of chicks) linn f. Hen and brood, cearc is linn
3 sìol m, gen sìl
4 sliochd m
brood v i guir, vn gur
broody a expressed with guir. Broody hen, cearc ghuir. Broody hens, cearcan guire
brook n 1 (a) allt m, gen & pl uillt
(b) alltan m, gen & pl alltain
2 sruthan m, gen & pl sruthain
brookite n (mineralogy) broigit f
brooklime n (Veronica beccabunga) lochal m, gen lochail
brookweed n (Samolus valerandi) falcaire m uisge
broom n (brush) 1 sguab f, gen sguaibe, pl sguaban. She’ll have to sweep the floor with the broom, feumas i an làr a sguabadh leis an sguab
2 bruis f, pl bruisean
broom (Cytisus scoparius) n bealaidh m
broom, butcher’s n (Ruscus aculeatus) 1 bealaidh m Chataibh
2 calg-bhrudhainn f
broom, clustered (Chamaecytisus supinus) n bealaidh m bagaideach, gen bealaidh bhagaidich
broomrape n (Orobanche spp.) mùchag f, gen mùchaig, pl mùchagan
broomrape, branched n (Orobanche ramosa) mùchag f mheurach, gen mùchaig meuraich
broomrape, carrot n (Orobanche maritima) mùchag f churrain, gen mùchaig currain
broomrape, clove-scented n (Orobanche caryophyllacea) mùchag f chlòbh-bholtrach, gen mùchaig clòbh-bholtraich
broomrape, common n (Orobanche minor), see broomrape, lesser n
broomrape, greater n (Orobanche rapum-genistae) mùchag f mhòr, gen mùchaig mòire
broomrape, ivy n (Orobanche hederae) mùchag f èidhne, gen mùchaig èidhne
broomrape, knapweed n (Orobanche elatior) mùchag f chnapain-duibh, gen mùchaig cnapain-duibh
broomrape, lesser n (Orobanche minor) mùchag f bheag, gen mùchaig bige
broomrape, ox-tongue n (Orobanche loricata) mùchag f theanga-dhaimh, gen mùchaig teanga-dhaimh
broomrape, picris n (Orobanche picridis) mùchag f picris, gen mùchaig picris
broomrape, purple n (Orobanche purpurea) mùchag f phurpaidh, gen mùchaig purpaidh
broomrape, red n (Orobanche alba), see broomrape, thyme n
broomrape, tall n (Orobanche elatior), see broomrape, knapweed n
broomrape, thistle n (Orobanche reticulata) mùchag f chluarain, gen mùchaig cluarain
broomrape, thyme n (Orobanche alba) 1 mùchag f thìme, gen mùchaig tìme
2 mùchag f dhearg, gen mùchaig deirge
brose n prothas m, gen prothais. Do you like brose? an caomh leat prothas? A bowl of brose, bobhla prothais. Brose-meal, min-phrothais. I didn’t like white meal in brose at all, cha robh agam air a’ mhin gheal sa phrothas idir
broth n 1 brot m, gen brota. Do you like broth? an caomh leat brot? She took a little broth, ghabh i a dh’ealbh bhrot
2 (of whey and oatmeal, without vegetables) eanraich f ; also brot-eanraich m
brothel n taigh-siùrsachd m, pl taighean-siùrsachd
brother n bràthair m, gen bràthar, pl bràithrean. My brother’s house, taigh mo bhràthar. How many brothers and sisters have you? cò meud bràthair is piuthar a th’ agad?
brotherhood n bràithreachas m, gen bràithreachais
brother-in-law n bràthair-cèile m, gen bràthar-chèile, pl bràithrean-cèile
brotherly a bràithreil
brow n 1 bathais f, pl bathaisean
2 maoile f, pl maoilean
3 (eyebrow) mala f, pl malaichean, malaidhean
4 (of hill) mala f, pl malaichean, malaidhean. On the brow of the hill, air mala a’ chnuic
browbeat v tr 1 co-èignich, vn co-èigneachadh m. He browbeat me into doing it, cho-èignich e mi gu dhèanamh
2 farraich air, vn farrach air. I was browbeaten into doing it, chaidh farrach orm a dhèanamh
brown a 1 donn, comp duinne. Brown shoes, brògan donna. The brown stag, an damh donn. As brown as can be, cho donn ris a’ chladach (proverb). They’re not so good in a brown paper bag, chan eil iad cho math ann am pàipear donn. The Brown Fairy-knolls, na Cathraichean Donna (place-name)
2 glas, comp glaise. Brown paper, pàipear glas
3 (browny-grey) odhar, comp odhair, uidhre. The hill’s turned brown awfully early this year, dh’fhàs am monadh odhar cianail tràth am bliadhna. You brown buzzard! a chlamhain odhair! (taunt)
4 ruadh, comp ruaidhe. A brown bottle, botal ruadh
brownness n duinne f
browse v i 1 criom, vn criomadh m
2 (graze) ionaltair, vn ionaltradh m
3 (eg through books) thoir ruith air, vn toirt ruithe air. He was browsing among the books, bha e a’ toirt ruith air na leabhraichean
brr! int (it’s cold) dudagaidh dudagaidh!
brucite n (mineralogy) bruisit f
bruise n bruthadh m, gen bruthaidh, pl bruthaidhnean. You’ve got a bruise on your arm, tha bruthadh air do ghairdean
bruise v tr 1 brùth, vn bruthadh m. It’s bruised you, bhrùth e thu
2 thoir bruthadh air, vn toirt bruthaidh air. It’s bruised you, thug e bruthadh ort
brunette n tè f dhonn, gen tè dhuinne, pl nigheanan donna. She’s a blonde, ’s e tè dhonn a th’ innte
brunt n 1 expressed with ceann m trom
2 expressed with ceann m garg
brush n 1 bruis f, gen bruise, pl bruisean. Clothes brush, bruis aodaich. She’ll have to sweep the floor with the brush, feumaidh i an làr a sguabadh leis a bhruis
2 sguab f, gen sguaibe, pl sguaban
brush v tr 1 bruisig, vn bruiseadh m, bruisigeadh m
2 sguab, vn sguabadh m. I’ll brush the floor, sguabaidh mi an làr
brush up v phr 1 sguab, vn sguabadh
(b) sguab suas, vn sguabadh suas. I must brush up the crumbs, feumaidh mi an smùrach a sguabadh suas
2 ath-ionnsaich, vn ath-ionnsachadh m. I must brush up my French, feumaidh mi ath-ionnsachadh a dhèanamh air mo chuid Fraingis
brushwood n barrach m, gen barraich
brusque a goirid
Brussels pr n am Bruiseal m, gen a’ Bhruiseil. In Brussels, anns a’ Bhruiseal
Brussels sprout n buinneag f Bhruisealach, gen buinneig Bruisealaich, pl buinneagan Bruisealach
brutal a 1 brùideil, comp brùideile
2 garg, comp gairge
brutality n brùidealachd f
brute n 1 brùid m, pl brùidean. What a brute you are! nach tu am brùid!
2 beathach m, gen beathaich, pl beathaichean
brute force n phr neart m brùideil, gen neart bhrùideil
brutish a brùideil, comp brùideile
2 borb, comp buirbe
bryony, black n (Tamus communis) 1 crotharnach f, gen crotharnaich
2 unach f dhubh, gen unaich duibhe
bryony, white n (Bryonia cretica) unach f gheal, gen unaich gile
bubble n 1 (a) balg f, gen & pl builg. Bladder wrack is a black seaweed which is full of small bubbles, ’s e feamainn-dubh feamainn dhubh ’s i làn de bhuilg bheaga
(b) builgean m, gen builgein, pl builgeanan
2 gucag f, gen gucaig, pl gucagan
bubble v i 1 (a) builg, vn builgeadh m. Drink it while it’s bubbling, òl e fhad ’s a tha e a’ builgeadh
(b) dèan builg, vn dèanamh bhalg
(c) thig plus builgeanan air. It is bubbling, tha builgeanan a’ tighinn air
2 (in the nose, due to a cold) (a) bi a’ sruthladh. My nose was bubbling, bha mo shròn a’ sruthladh
(b) expressed with sruthladh m. Your nose is really bubbling, dè an sruthladh a tha nad shròin
bubbly a 1 (a) balgach, comp balgaiche
(b) builgeanach, comp builgeanaiche
2 (lively) beothail. She had a bubbly personality, bha nàdar beothail aice
bubonic a bùbonach
bubonic plague n phr plàigh f bhùbonach, gen plàighe bùbonaich
2 a’ phlàigh f dhubh, gen na plàighe duibhe
buck n boc m, gen & pl buic. Roe-deer bucks, buic earbaichean
buck v i
buck up v phr 1 v i phr. Buck up! tog ort!
2 v tr phr thoir togail do, vn toirt togail do. I bet that bucked him up, thèid mi an urra gun tug siod togail dha
bucket n 1 (particularly one made of wooden staves, for milking) (a) bucaid f, pl bucaidean
(b) cuinneag f, gen cuinneig, pl cuinneagan
2 peile m, pl peileachan, peilichean
buckie n (Buccinum undatum) cnomhagan m, gen & pl cnomhagain
buckle n bucall m, gen & pl bucaill. Silver buckles, bucaill airgid
buckle v tr 1 bucallaich, vn bucallachadh m
2 (a) ceangail bucall air, vn ceangal bucaill air. He buckled his shoes, cheangail e bucaill a chuid bhròg
(b) ceangail, vn ceangal m. He buckled on his sword, cheangail e air a chlaidheamh
buckle to v phr 1 teann ort, vn teannadh ort. We must buckle to, feumaidh sinn teannadh òirnn
2 (a) teann air, vn teannadh air. We must buckle to the task, feumaidh sinn teannadh air an obair
(b) rach an ceann, vn dol an ceann. We must buckle to the task, feumaidh sinn a dhol an ceann na h-obrach
buckled a (having buckles) bucallach. Buckled shoes, brògan bucallach
buckram n bucram m, gen bucraim
buckskin n leathar m fèidh, gen leathair fhèidh
buckskins n pl expressed with aodach m de leathar fèidh, gen aodaich de leathar fèidh
buckskin mod de leathar fèidh. Buckskin boots, bòtan de leathar fèidh
buckthorn n (Rhamnus catharticus) ramh-dhroigheann m, gen ramh-dhroighinn
buckthorn, alder n (Frangula alnus) ramh-dhroigheann m feàrna, gen ramh-dhroighinn fheàrna
buckthorn, sea n (Hippophae rhamnoides) ramh-dhroigheann m mara, gen ramh-dhroighinn mhara
bud n 1 gucag f, gen gucaig, pl gucagan
2 guc m, pl gucan
buddleia, purple n (Buddleia davidii) buddleia f phurpaidh, gen buddleia f purpaidh
budge I v i 1 caraich, vn carachadh m. Won’t you budge? nach caraich thu?
2 gluais, vn gluasad m. He didn’t budge an inch, cha do ghluais e òirleach
3 crith, vn crith f. It didn’t budge, cha do chrith e. The children never budged at all, cha do chrith a’ chlann idir
4 clìob, vn clìobadh m. The children wouldn’t budge when she was there, cha chlìobadh a’ chlann nuair a bhiodh i ann
5 rach às a’ bhad, vn dol às a’ bhad. It won’t budge, cha tèid e às a’ bhad
II budge v tr 1 caraich, vn carachadh m. I can’t budge it at all, cha charaich mi idir e
2 gluais, vn gluasad m
budgerigar n buidsidh m, pl buidsidhean
budget n 1 (financial) (a) buidsead f, gen buidseid, pl buidseadan
(b) càin-aisneis f, pl càin-aineisean
2 (bag) (a) màileid f, pl màileidean
(b) spliùchan m, gen & pl spliùchain
buff a buidhe-bhàn
buffalo, American n (Bison bison), see bison, American n
buffalo, Cape n (Syncerus caffer) buabhall m Ceap, gen & pl buabhaill Cheap
buffalo, water, Asiatic n (Bubalus bubalis) buabhall m uisge, gen & pl buabhaill uisge
buffet n (food) bufat m, gen bufait
buffoon n baothaire m, pl baothairean
buffoonery n baothaireachd f
bug n 1 (insect of order Hemiptera) (a) (entomology) bògas m, gen & pl bògais
(b) (familiar) biastag f, gen biastaig, pl biastagan
2 (illness, particularly cold or flu) n (a) galar m, gen galair, pl galaran
(b) trèamhla m, pl trèamhlaichean. He has a bug, tha trèamhla air. They have a nasty bug, ’s e droch threamhla th’ aca. I had a terrible bug, bha treamhla uamhasach orm. There’s a bug going round, tha trèamhla a’ dol mun cuairt
big bug n phr 1 urra m mòr, gen urra mhòir, pl urracha mòra
2 àrd-inbheach m, gen & pl àrd -inbhich
bug, assassin n (Reduviidae) bògas m marbhteach, gen bògais mharbhtich, pl bògais mharbhteach
bug, bed n (Cimex lectularius) mial m leapa, gen miala leapa, pl mialan leapa
bug, beet n (Piesma maculatum, P. quadratum) bògas m bhiotais, gen & pl bògais bhiotais
bug, broad-headed n (Alydidae) bògas m ceann-leathan, gen bògais cheann-leathain, pl bògais cheann-leathan
bug, damsel n (Nabidae) bògas m rìbhinneach, gen bògais rìbhinnich, pl bògais rìbhinneach
bug, fern n (Bryocoris pteridis) bògas m rainich, gen & pl bògais rainich
bug, fire n (Pyrrhocoris apterus) bògas m teine, gen & pl bògais theine
bug, flower n (Anthocoridae) bògas m dhìthean, gen & pl bògais dhìthean
bug, forest n (Pentatoma rufipes) bògas m coille, gen & pl bògais choille
bug, ground n (Lygaeidae) bògas m talmhainn, gen & pl bògais thalmhainn
bug, hot-bed n (Xylocoris galactinus) bògas m leapa-teth, gen & pl bògais leapa-teth
bug, lace n (Tingidae) bògas m làsa, gen & pl bògais làsa
bug, mealy n (Pseudococcidae) bògas m flùrach, gen bògais fhlùraich, pl bogais fhlùrach
bug, pine flat- n (Aradus cinnamomeus) flat-bhògas m giuthais, gen & pl flat-bhògais ghiuthais
bug, pine cone n (Gastrodes grossipes) bògas m durcain-ghiuthais, gen & pl bògais dhurcain-ghiuthais
bug, spruce cone n (Gastrodes abietum) bògas m durcain-sprùis, gen & pl bògais dhurcain-sprùis
bug, shield n (Pentatomidae) bògas m sgèithe, gen & pl bògais sgèithe
bug, shore n (Saldidae) bògas m cladaich, gen & pl bògais chladaich
bug, spittle n (froghopper, Cercopidae) bògas m seile, gen & pl bògais sheile
bug, stilt n (Berytidae) bògas m corra-chasach, gen bògais chorra-chasaich, pl bògais chorra-chasach
bugle n dùdach f, gen dùdaiche, pl dùdaichean
bugle n (Ajuga reptans) 1 glasair-choille f, gen glasrach-coille
2 lasair-choille, gen lasrach-coille
bugle, blue n (Ajuga genevensis) glasair-choille f ghorm, gen glasrach-coille guirme
bugle, pyramidal n (Ajuga pyramidalis) glasair-choille f bhiorramaideach, gen glasrach-coille biorramaidich
bugloss n (Anchusa arvensis) 1 bog-lus m
2 lus m teanga an daimh
bugloss, viper’s n (Echium vulgare) lus m na nathrach
bugloss, purple viper’s, n (Echium plantagineum) lus m na nathrach purpaidh, gen lus na nathrach phurpaidh
build v tr 1 tog, vn togail f. He built a new house, thog e taigh ùr. They’re going to build a house in the village, tha iad a’ dol a thogail taigh anns a’ bhaile. Assessment should help to build the confidence necessary to cope with increasing challenge, tha còir gun tog measadh a’ mhisneach a dh’fheumar gus gabhail ris an dùbhlan mar a tha e a’ meudachadh. Children play naturally, and in such play build understanding of themselves and the world in which they live, tha e nàdarrach do chloinn a bhith a’ cluiche, agus ann an cleasan den t-seòrsa sin tha iad a’ togail tuigse orra fhèin agus air an t-saoghal anns a bheil iad beò. Assessment should assist in building a positive relationship between teacher and pupil, tha còir aig measadh a bhith a’ cuideachadh ann a bhith a’ togail dàimh dheimhinnich eadar an tidsear agus am pàiste. We shall build upon what we have achieved so far, togaidh sinn air na choilean sinn gu ruige seo
2 (a) cuir ri chèile, vn cur ri chèile. The teacher will help pupils make notes on a radio or TV programme and to build reports from these notes, cuidichidh an tidsear a’ chlann gus notaichean a dhèanamh air prògram rèidio no telebhisein agus gus aithisgean a chur ri chèile o na notaichean seo. Before being brought together to build longer, more fully-shaped works, mus toirear cruinn còmhla iad gus obraichean nas fhaide a chur ri chèile air an làn chumadh
(b) cuir còmhla, vn cur còmhla. As facts built towards a conclusion, mar nithean fìrinneach air an cur còmhla a dh’ionnsaigh cò-dhùnaidh
3 dèan, vn dèanamh m. A bank of the most commonly used functional words can be built, faodar tasgadh a dhèanamh air na faclan gnìomhachail as trice thathar a’ cleachdadh
build into v phr snìomh a-steach an, vn snìomh a-steach an. To build assessment procedures into classroom programmes, gus dòighean measaidh a shnìomh a-steach ann am prògraman a’ chlas
build on v phr tog air, vn togail air. The school will build on the linguistic skills, togaidh an sgoil air na sgilean cànain. It is now crucial to build on these achievements so that Gaelic maintains its dynamic as a living language in Scotland, tha e a-nis do-sheachnaichte cudthromach gum bithear a’ togail air na chaidh a thoirt gu buil mar-thà gus an glèidh a’ Ghàidhlig a clì mar chànan beò ann an Alba
build peats into a stack v phr, see sv peat n
build up v phr 1 tog, vn togail f. The process of development will continue, with the aim being to help pupils build up an easy flow, leanaidh cothrom fàis air, a’ cuimseachadh air clann a chuideachadh gus dòigh shaor shiùbhlach a thogail
2 àraich, vn àrach m. Confidence should be built up by the teacher, tha còir aig an tidsear misneach àrach
3 thoir gu buil, vn toirt gu buil. Through awareness built up in reading, tro mhothachadh a tha air a thoirt gu buil ann an leughadh
4 oibrich a dh’ionnsaigh, vn oibreachadh a dh’ionnsaigh. A conclusion may be built up from a basic set of facts or premises, faodar oibreachadh a dh’ionnsaigh co-dhùnaidh bho fhiosrachadh no ro-stèidh bunaiteach
5 neartaich, vn neartachadh m
6 cuir ri chèile, vn cur ri chèile
building n 1 (a) togalach m, gen togalaich, pl togalaichean. There are a lot of new buildings going up, tha mòran thogalaichean ùra a’ dol an àirde. It’s a big, roomy building, ’s e togalach mòr rumail a th’ ann. These buildings have not been excavated, cha deach na togalaichean seo a chladhach gu h-arc-eòlasach
(b) togail f, gen togalach, pl togailean. She’s awfully keen on old buildings, tha i cianail airson seann togailean
2 aitreabh m, gen aitreibh, pl aitreabhan
buildings (particularly farm buildings, barns, byres, sheds) n treobhairean. What an awful lot of buildings they’ve got round the place, dè na treobhairean cianail a th’ aca mun àit
building mod 1 a thaobh thogalaichean. This change was strengthened by the building traditions of the Viking settlers, chaidh an t-atharrachadh seo a dhaingneachadh le traidiseanan an luchd-thuineachaidh Lochlannaich a thaobh thogalaichean
2 den tèid … a thogail. These moraines will have been the source of building stone for the later houses, ’s ann às na morainean seo a thigeadh a’ chlach den deach na taighean a thogail às dèidh làimhe
building society n phr comann m thogalach, gen & pl comainn thogalach
well-built a phr 1 calma. A well-built man, , duine calma
2 tapaidh. She’s a good-looking, well-built woman, ’s e boireannach glan, tapaidh th’ ann
built-up a 1 fo thogalaichean. Built-up areas, àrainnean fo thogalaichean
2 togalaichte
builder n 1 (a) neach-togail m, pl luchd-togail
(b) neach-togalach m, pl luchd-togalach
2 togalaiche m, pl togalaichean
build-up n (deposition) tasgadh m, gen tasgaidh
built-up a togalaichte. Built-up area, àrainn thogalaichte
bulb n 1 (electrical) (a) bolgan m, gen bolgain, pl bolganan
(b) bolg m, gen & pl builg
2 (botany) bolgan m, gen bolgain, pl bolganan
Bulgaria pr n Bulgàiria f
Bulgarian pr n 1 Bulgàirianach m, gen & pl Bulgàirianaich
2 (language) Bulgàirianais f
Bulgarian a Bulgàirianach
bulge n 1 bulg m, bolg m, gen & pl builg. There is a bulge in the tank, tha bulg air an tanca
2 brù f, broinn f, gen bronn, broinn, dat broinn, pl brùthan, broinnean. There is a bulge in the wall, tha brù air a bhalla
3 bogha m, pl boghachan. The wall has a great bulge, tha bogha mòr air a’ bhalla
4 (specifically of wall) bruan f, pl bruanan. there’s a big bulge in the wall of the barn, tha bruan mhòr air balla an t-sabhail. Didn’t the bulge (in the wall) really give way, nach e a’ bhruan (a bh’ air a’ bhalla) a dh’fhalbh. The bulge fell or the bit that was bulging fell, thuit a’ bhruan
bulge v i 1 dèan bulg, dèan bolg, dèan balg, vn dèanamh builg
2 bi a’ brughadh. It is bulging out, tha e a’ brughadh a-mach
3 (specifically of wall) (a) bi a’ bruanadh. The wall is bulging, tha am balla a’ bruanadh
(b) expressed with bruan f. The bit of the wall that was bulging fell, thuit a’ bhruan a bha air a’ bhalla
4 aom, vn aomadh m. The wall is bulging, tha am balla ag aomadh
bulk n 1 meudachd f
2 tomad m, gen tomaid
3 mòrchuid f, gen mòrchodach. The bulk of the evidence the teacher requires should normally come from the first of these sources, anns a’ chumantas ’s ann às a’ chiad raon dhiubh seo as còir a’ mhòrchuid den dearbhadh a thighinn air a bheil feum aig an tidsear. Pupils receiving the bulk of their education through the medium of Gaelic, clann a tha a’ faotainn na mòrchodach den fhoghlam aca tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig
bulk carrier n phr soitheach-giùlain m tomaid, gen soithich-ghiùlain thomaid, pl soithichean-giùlain tomaid
bulky a 1 mòr, comp motha
2 tomadach, comp tomadaiche. It would fill a bulky volume, lìonadh e leabhar tomadach
3 dòmhail, comp dòmhala ; also dùmhail, comp dùmhala. He has grown big and bulky, dh’fhàs e mòr, dòmhail
4 (cumbersome) lòdail, comp lòdaile. You look so bulky in all that clothing, tha thu a’ coimhead cho lòdail anns na tha sin a dh’aodach
bull n tarbh m, gen & pl tairbh. The bull’s tail, earball an tairbh
bull v tr & i 1 v i expressed with dàir f. The cow is bulling, tha an dàir air a’ bhò, or tha a’ bhò fo dhàir
2 v tr dàir, vn dàir f. He’s bulled the cow now, dhàir e a’ bhò a-nis. Perhaps he bulled her at night, dh’fhaodadh gun do dhàir e i air an oidhche. The cow was bulled today, chaidh a’ bhò dhàir an diugh
second bulling n phr (when a cow comes back bulling a week or so after she had already been bulling) tadhair f. She’s bulling for a second time, tha tadhair oirre
bullace n plumas m fiadhaich, gen & pl plumais fhiadhaich
bulldog n tarbh-chù m, gen & pl tarbh-choin
bulldozer n 1 dòsair m, pl dòsairean
2 tarbh-chrann m, gen & pl tarbh-chroinn
bullet n peilear, peileir m, gen peileir, pl peileirean. He fired a bullet, loisg e peileir. I was going like a bullet, bha mi a’ dol aig peileir mo bheath
bulletin n 1 iomradh m, gen iomraidh, pl iomraidhean
2 cùirt-iomradh m, gen cùirt-iomraidh, pl cùirt-iomraidhean
news bulletin n phr 1 naidheachd f, pl naidheachdan
2 iomradh m naidheachd, gen iomraidh naidheachd, pl iomraidhean naidheachd
bullfinch n (Pyrrhula pyrrhula) 1 corcan-coille m, gen & pl corcain-choille
2 deargan-coille m, gen & pl deargain-choille
3 buidhean-coille m, gen buidhein-choille, pl buidheanan-coille
bullhead n (Cottus gobio) carrachan m aibhne, gen & pl carrachain aibhne
bullhead, armed n (Agonus cataphractus) 1 carrachan m armaichte, gen & pl carrachain armaichte
2 poidsear-mara m, gen poidseir-mhara, pl poidsearan-mara
bullock n damh m, gen & pl daimh
bully n 1 burraidh m, pl burraidhean. He was a bully at school, bha e na bhurraidh aig an sgoil
2 bumailear m, gen bumaileir, pl bumailearan
3 pulaidh m, pl pulaidhean
bully v tr 1 bi ri burraidheachd ri
2 bi nad bhurraidh do. He used to bully the small children at school, bha e na bhurraidh don chloinn bhig san sgoil
bullying n burraidheachd f. No hitting, kicking, spitting or bullying in the group, cha cheadaichear bualadh, breabadh, caitheamh smugaidean no burraidheachd sa bhuidhinn
bulrush n (Scirpus lacustris = Schoenoplectus lacustris), see club-rush, common n
bulrush n (Reedmace, cattail) (Typha latifolia) 1 (a) bodan m, gen & pl bodain
(b) bodan-dubh m, gen bodain-dhuibh, pl bodain-dhubha
2 cuigeal f nam ban sìthe, gen cuigeil nam ban sìthe, pl cuigealan nam ban sìthe
bulrush, lesser n (Typha angustifolia) 1 bodan m beag, gen bodain bhig, pl bodain bheaga
2 cuigeal f nam ban sìthe bheag, gen cuigeil nam ban sìthe bige, pl cuigealan nam ban sìthe beaga
bulwark n bàbhan m, gen bàbhain, pl bàbhanan. The bulwarks of the castle, bàbhanan a’ chaisteil
bum n 1 tòn f, gen tòine, pl tònan. Sit down on your bum, dèan suidhe air do thòin
2 màs m, gen màis, pl màsan
bump n 1 meall m, gen & pl mill
2 (in ground) (a) cnap m, gen & pl cnip. What are those bumps in the ground? dé na cnip a tha sin anns an talamh?
3 (on head or skin, after blow) (a) put m, pl putan. You’ve got a bump on the forehead, tha put air do bhathais. It gave me a bump, thug e put orm
(b) (on head or skin, due to insect bite) (i) (hard) meall m, gen & pl mill. I’m out in bumps with the midges, tha mi a-mach nam mhill le na meanbhchuileagan
(ii) (soft) balg m, pl builg. I’m out in bumps with the midges, tha mi a-mach nam bhuilg le na meanbhchuileagan
4 (impact) (a) bualadh m, gen bualaidh, pl bualaidhean
(b) slaic f, gen slaice, pl slaicean
bumper n (of car) bumpair m, pl bumpairean
bumpy a 1 cnapach, comp cnapaiche. This is the bumpy bit of the road, seo a’ chriomag den rathad a tha cnapach
2 mì-chòmhnard, comp mì-chòmhnairde. This road is bumpy, tha an rathad seo mì-chòmhrad
3 (stony, rocky) gallanach, comp gallanaiche. A bumpy road, rathad gallanach
4 (cloddy) plocanach or plocach. A bumpy road, rathad plocanach, or rathad plocach
bun n 1 buna m, pl bunaichean
2 bonnach m, gen & pl bonnaich
3 lof f mheasan
bunch n 1 bagaid f, pl bagaidean. A bunch of grapes, bagaid fhìon-dearcan. Try a bunch of grapes, feuch bagaid de na fìon-dhearcan
2 (familiar) (of bananas, grapes etc) (a) (if small) expressed with beagan, or a dh’ealbh etc. He bought a bunch of bananas, cheannaich e beagan bhananathan
(b) (if large) expressed with mòran, or steall f mhath etc. She bought a big bunch of grapes for him, cheannaich i steall mhath dhearcan-fìona dha
3 paisg f, gen paisge, pl paisgean. A big bunch of keys, paisg mhòr iuchraichean
4 bad m, gen baid, pl badan. A bunch of trees, bad chraobhan
5 (group) cròilean m, gen cròilein, pl cròileanan. The cows were in a bunch on the hillside, bha an crodh nan cròilean air a’ bhruthaich
6 not directly expressed. He bought her a bunch of flowers, cheannaich e flùraichean dhi. What do you bunch want? dè tha sibhse ag iarraidh? They were quite a bunch of boys, b’ iad na balaich iad. He is the best of the bunch, ’s e as fhèarr aca air fad
bunch v i
bunched a bagaideach
bunchy a bagaideach
bundle n 1 pasgan m, gen pasgain, pl pasganan
2 ultach m, gen ultaich, pl ultaichean
bungalow n bungalo m, pl bungalothan
bungle v tr 1 dèan gu cearbach, vn dèanamh gu cearbach
2 dèan butarrais de, vn dèanamh butarrais de. They bungled the opportunity, rinn iad butarrais den chothrom
bungler n 1 (a) (female) clobhraisg f, pl clobhraisgean. Wasn’t I a bungler, nach bu mhi a’ chlobhraisg
(b) (male) clobhan m, gen clobhain, pl clobhanan. Don’t be such a bungler, na bi nad chlobhan cho mòr
2 cearbaire m, pl cearbairean
bunting n (ornithology) gealag f, gen gealaig, pl gealagan. I think it’s a bunting of some kind, saoilidh mi gur e gealag de sheòrsa air choireigin a th’ ann
buntings (ornithology ; family Emberizidae) gealagan f pl, gen pl ghealag. The family of buntings, teaghlach nan gealag
bunting, black-headed n (Emberiza melanocephala) gealag f dhubh-cheannach, gen gealaig dubh-cheannaich, pl gealagan dubh-cheannach
bunting, cinereous n (Emberiza cineracea) gealag f luaithreanta, gen gealaig luaithreanta, pl gealagan luaithreanta
bunting, cirl n (Emberiza cirlus) cirl-ghealag f, gen cirl-ghealaig, pl cirl-ghealagan
bunting, corn n (Emberiza calandra) gealag-bhuachair f, gen gealaig-buachair, pl gealagan-buachair
bunting, Cretzschmar’s n (Emberiza caesia) gealag f Cretzschmar, gen gealaig Cretzschmar, pl gealagan Cretzschmar
bunting, Lapland n (Calcarius lapponicus) gealag f Laplannach, gen gealaig Laplannaich, pl gealagan Laplannach
bunting, little n (Emberiza pusilla) gealag f bheag, gen gealaig bige, pl gealagan beaga
bunting, ortolan n (Emberiza hortulana) 1 gealag f ortalain, gen gealaig ortalain, pl gealagan ortalain
2 ortalan m, gen & pl ortalain
bunting, pine n (Emberiza leucocephala) gealag f ghiuthais, gen gealaig giuthais, pl gealagan giuthais
bunting, red-headed n (Emberiza bruniceps) gealag f dhearg-cheannach, gen gealaig dearg-cheannaich, pl gealagan dearg-cheannach
bunting, reed n (Emberiza schoeniclus) gealag-lòin f, gen gealaig-lòin, pl gealagan-lòin
bunting, rock n (Emberiza cia) gealag f chreige, gen gealaig creige, pl gealagan creige
bunting, rustic n (Emberiza rustica) gealag f rustach, gen gealaig rustaich, pl gealagan rustach
bunting, snow n (Plectrophenax nivalis) gealag f an t-sneachda, gen gealaig an t-sneachda, pl gealagan an t-sneachda
bunting, yellow-breasted n (Emberiza aureola) gealag f bhrù-bhuidhe, gen gealaig brù-bhuidhe, pl gealagan brù-bhuidhe
buoy n 1 (on net, creels or anchor) (a) bolla m, pl bollaichean. A mooring buoy, bolla acrachaidh
(b) puta m, pl putaichean
2 (for direction) (a) bolla m, pl bollaichean. A direction buoy, bolla-stiùiridh
(b) buidhe m, pl buidhichean
buoy v tr
buoy up v phr cùm air uachdar, vn cumail air uachdar
buoyancy n 1 fleodrachd f
2 aotramachd
buoyant a 1 fleodrach, comp fleodraiche
2 aotram, comp aotruime
burbot n (Lota lota) burbaid f, pl burbaidean
burden n 1 eallach m, gen & pl eallaich. A burden of sticks, eallach mhaidean. It was as if a burden dropped off me, bha e mar gun do thuit eallach dhìom
2 uallach m, gen & pl uallaichean. I should not like to be a burden to them, cha bu mhatha leam a bhith nam uallach orra
burden v tr 1 uallaich, vn uallachadh m
2 luchdaich, vn luchdachadh m
burdensome a 1 doilgheasach, comp doilgheasaiche
2 cudthromach, comp cudthromaiche
burdock (Arctium spp.) n searcan m, gen searcain ; also seircean m, gen seircein
burdock, greater (Arctium lappa) n searcan m mòr, gen searcain mhòir
burdock, lesser (Arctium minus) n searcan m beag, gen searcain bhig
bureau n biùro m, pl biùrothan
bureaucracy n biùrocrasaidh m
burgess n bùirdeasach m, gen & pl bùirdeasaich
burgh n 1 (a) baile m mòr, gen baile mhòir, pl bailtean mòra
(b) baile m margaidh, gen baile mhargaidh, pl bailtean margaidh
2 (a) burg m, gen & pl buirg
(b) borgh m, gen & pl boirgh
burgher n 1 burgair m, pl burgairean
2 bùirdeasach m, gen & pl bùirdeasaich
burglar n gadaiche-taighe m, pl gadaichean-taighe
burglary n gadachd-thaighe f
burial n 1 adhlacadh m, gen adhlacaidh, pl adhlacaidhean
2 tìodhlacadh m, gen tìodhlacaidh, pl tìodhlacaidhean
burlesque n sgeigeireachd f
burly a 1 tapaidh
2 dòmhail, comp dòmhala
Burma pr n Burma f
Burmese pr n 1 Burmach m, gen & pl Burmaich
2 (language) Burmais f
bur marigold, nodding n (Bidens cernua) 1 sgeachag f Muire, gen sgeachaig Muire
2 sgeachag f Muire ghogach, gen sgeachaig Muire gogaich
bur marigold, trifid n (Bidens tripartita) sgeachag f Muire thrì-roinnte, gen sgeachaig Muire trì-roinnte
burn n (brook) 1 allt m, gen & pl uillt
2 alltan m, gen & pl alltain
burn n (by heat) losgadh m, gen losgaidh, pl losgaidhnean. I got a burn, fhuair mi losgadh. The soreness of a burn, an goirteas a bh’ ann an losgadh. A burn before a wedding, losgadh ro phòsadh (saying)
burn I v tr loisg, vn losgadh m. He burnt them, loisg e iad. We burn about eight tons a year, bidh sinn a’ losgadh mu ochd tunna sa bhliadhna. I’ll burn the papers, loisgidh mi na pàipearan. He burnt his finger, loisg e a mheur
II burn v i 1 loisg, vn losgadh m
2 gabh, vn gabhail m. Is the wood burning yet? a bheil am fiodh a’ gabhail fhathast. The van was burning underneath, bha a’ bhan a’ gabháil foipe
3 expressed with bi na theine. They’re burning, tha iad nan teine
4 (of food, pan) dàth, vn dàthadh m. She put it on (the cooker), and it burnt, ’s ise chuir air e, agus dhàth e. Is it burning in the pan? a bheil e a’ dàthadh anns a’ phana? It nearly burnt, the fire was too hasty under it, theab e dàthadh, bha an teine ro ghrad foithe. Loaves are terrible for burning, tha na lofaichean uamhasach gu dàthadh ort
burn away v phr caith, vn caitheamh. The coal was burning away so quickly, bha an gual a’ caitheamh cho luath
burn down v phr loisg gu talamh, vn losgadh gu talamh
burn readily v phr expressed with bi ealamh (san teine). Gorse burns very readily in the fire, tha an conasg glè ealamh anns an teine
burn out v phr 1 caith, vn caitheimh. The fire has burnt out, chaith an teine
2 expressed with cnàmh air falbh, vn cnàmh air falbh. The fire has burnt out, chnàmh an teine air falbh
burn up v phr expressed with bris a-mach, vn briseadh a-mach. When the fire burns up the smoke won’t be so bad, nuair a bhriseas an teine a-mach cha bhi an ceò cho dona. Until the fire burns up there’s more smoke from it, gus am bris an teine a-mach tha còrr ceò air. The draught is going underneath it, and so the fire is burning up, tha a’ ghaoth a’ dol foithe, ’s mar sin tha an teine a’ briseadh a-mach
burning the rivers (fishing for autumn salmon and sea-trout, iasg-dubh, with torches) v phr losgadh m nan abhnaichean
smell of burning, burning smell n phr 1 expressed with fàileadh m loisgte. I’m getting a smell of burning, or I can smell burning, tha mi a’ faighinn fàileadh loisgte
2 (of food) expressed with fàileadh m dàite, or gaoth f dhàite. I can smell something burning, tha mi a’ faighinn gaoth dhàite.
burnt a loisgte
burnt-out a expressed with na smàl. His body was found beside a burnt-out car, fhuaradh an corp aige ri taobh càr a bha na smàl
burnet, great n (Saguisorba officinalis) bileach-loisgein m mòr, gen bilich-loisgein mhòir
burnet, salad n (Saguisorba minor) 1 bileach-loisgein m beag, gen bilich-loisgein bhig
2 bileach-loisgein m saileid, gen bilich-loisgein shaileid
burnet saxifrage n (Pimpinella saxifraga) loisgean m clach-bhriseach, gen loisgein chlach-bhrisich
burnet saxifrage, greater n (Pimpinella major) loisgean m clach-bhriseach mòr, gen loisgein chlach-bhrisich mhòir
burning bush n (Dictamnus albus) preas m loisgeach, gen pris loisgich
burnish v tr 1 lìomh, vn lìomhadh m
2 lainnrich, vn lainnreachadh m ; also loinnrich, vn loinnreachadh m
bur-reed, branched n (Sparganium erectum = S. ramosum) rìgh-sheisg f mheurach, gen rìgh-sheisg meuraich
bur-reed, floating n (Sparganium angustifolium) rìgh-sheisg f shnàmhach, gen rìgh-sheisg snàmhaich
bur-reed, least n (Sparganium minimum) rìgh-sheisg f bheag, gen rìgh-sheisg bige
bur-reed, unbranched n (Sparganium emersum = S. simplex) rìgh-sheisg f neo-mheurach, gen rìgh-sheisg neo-mheuraich
burrow n toll m (rabaid), gen & pl tuill (rabaid)
burrow v i 1 toll, vn tolladh m
2 cladhaich, vn cladhach m
bursary n bursaraidh m, pl bursaraidhean
burst n 1 spreadhadh m, gen spreadhaidh, pl spreadhaidhean. The burst was felt a large distance away, dh’fhairicheadh an spreadhadh astar mòr air falbh
2 (a) sgàineadh m, gen sgàinidh, pl sgàinidhean. Where was the burst in the pipe? càite an robh an sgàineadh anns a’ phìob?
(b) expressed with sgàin v, vn sgàineadh m. He got a burst in a front tyre, rinn tè de na taidhrichean toisich aige sgàineadh
3 briseadh m, gen brisidh, pl brisidhean. There was a burst in the dam, bha briseadh anns an dàm
4 (of activity) stralladh or strealladh m, gen strallaidh, streallaidh. I have a burst (of activity) now and again, bheir mi strealladh an-dràsta ’s a-rithist. He went out of the room with a burst, chaidh e a-mach às an rùm le stralladh
burst of laughter n phr glag m gàire, gen glaig ghàire. He gave a burst of laughter, rinn e glag gàire
burst I v i 1 bris, vn briseadh m, or brist, vn bristeadh m. The balloon burst, bhrist am balùn
2 brùchd, vn brùchdadh. The water burst out, bhrùchd an t-uisge a-mach
3 spreadh, vn spreadhadh m. It burst with a great noise, spreadh e le fuaim mòr
4 sgàin, vn sgàineadh m. He was like to burst, bha e an coinneimh sgàineadh
II burst v tr bris, vn briseadh m, or brist, vn bristeadh m. She burst the balloon, bhrist i am balùn
burst in v phr thig a-staigh le strealladh, vn tighinn a-staigh le strealladh. He burst into the room, thàinig e a-steach don rum le strealladh
the bubble burst (ie a good thing has ended), bhris am balg (saying). Her bubble has burst now, tha am balg aice an dèidh briseadh a-nis
bury v tr 1 tiodhlaic, vn tiodhlacadh m. He’ll be buried tomorrow, bidh e air a thiodhlacadh a-màireach. It was there that his mother was buried and his father, ’s ann a siod a bha mhàthair air a tiodhlacadh is athair. Two villages were buried by a landslide, chaidh dà bhaile a thiodhlacadh ann am maoim-shlèibhe
2 adhlaic, vn adhlacadh m
3 cuir fon talamh, vn cur fon talamh
he buried his face in his hands, chuir e a dhà bhois air aghaidh
buried a 1 air a thiodhlacadh
2 air adhlacadh
3 fon talamh
4 expressed with falaichte. I found it buried under my papers, fhuair mi e agus e falaichte fo mo chuid phàipearan
bus n bus m, pl busaichean
bus fleet n phr cabhlach m bhusaichean, gen cabhlaich bhusaichean, pl cabhlaichean bhusaichean
bus operator n phr companaidh m & f bhusaichean, pl companaidhean bhusaichean
bus station n phr 1 stèisean m bhusaichean, gen stèisein bhusaichean, pl stèiseanan bhusaichean
2 bus stèisean m, gen bus stèisein, pl bus stèiseanan
bus stop n phr stad-bhus m, pl stadan-bhus
bus terminal n phr ceann-uidhe m bhusaichean, gen & pl cinn-uidhe bhusaichean
bush n 1 preas m, gen pris, pl pris, preasan. Blackcurrant bushes, pris dhearcag. She’ll be up in the top of that bush, bidh i urrad ann am bràigh a’ phris sin
2 craobh f, gen craoibhe, pl craobhan. Blackcurrant bushes, criubhan dearcag
3 bad m, gen baid, pl badan
4 dos m, gen dois, duis, pl dois, duis, dosan
bush-cricket n (Tettigoniidae) greollan-pris m, gen & pl greollain-phris
bush-cricket, bog n (Metrioptera brachyptera) greollan-pris m boglaich, gen & pl greollain-phris bhoglaich
bush-cricket, dark n (Platycleis albopunctata) greollan-pris m dorcha, gen greollain-phris dhuirch, pl greollain-phris dorcha
bush-cricket, great green n (Tettigonia viridissima) greollan-pris m uaine mòr, gen greollain-phris uaine mhòir, pl greollain-phris uaine mhòra
bush-cricket, grey n (Platycleis albopunctata) greollan-pris m glas, gen greollain-phris ghlais, pl greollain-phris glasa
bush-cricket, long-winged conehead n (Conocephalus discolor) greollan-pris m ceann-chònach fad-sgiathach, gen greollain-phris cheann-chònaich fhad-sgiathaich, pl greollain-phris cheann-chònach fhad-sgiathach
bush-cricket, short-winged conehead n (Conocephalus dorsalis) greollan-pris m ceann-chònach geàrr-sgiathach, gen greollain-phris cheann-chònaich gheàrr-sgiathaich, pl greollain-phris cheann-chònach gheàrr-sgiathach
bush-cricket, speckled n (Leptophyes punctatissima) greollan-pris m bhreac, gen greollain-phris bhric, pl greollain-phris bhreaca
bush-cricket, wart-biter n (Decticus verrucivorus) greollan-pris m itheadair-fhoinnean, gen & pl greollain-phris itheadair-fhoinnean
bushy a preasach, comp preasaiche
2 dosach, comp dosaiche
business n 1 gnothach or gnothaich m, gen gnothaich, pl gnothaichean. It’s a nasty business, ’s e droch ghnothach a th’ ann. A particular business, gnothach sònraichte. Private business, gnothach dìomhair. It is a shameful business, ’s e gnothach nàr a tha ann. It’s none of our business, chan e gnothach neach e. What business is it of yours? dè an gnothach a tha agadsa ris? What is your business with him? dè do gnothach ris? She had no business to stick her nose in, cha robh gnothach aice a beul a chur ann. Have no business with it, na gabh gnothach ris. A business meeting, coinneamh ghnothaich. One who doesn’t take business to town will bring business back from it, neach nach toir gnothaich don bhaile mhòr, bheir e gnothaich às (proverb)
2 (a) gnothachas m, gen gnothachais, pl gnothachasan. They have a business in Inverness, tha gnothachas aca an Inbhir Nis. It is a business matter, ’s e nì a bhuineas do ghnothachas a tha ann
(b) expressed with luchd-gnothaich m pl. Business has come to value Gaelic, tha luchd-gnothaich air a thighinn gu bhith a’ cur luach air a’ Ghàidhlig
3 (a) obair f, gen obrach. Short messages arising out of the daily business of the class, fiosan goirid a tha mar thoradh air obair làitheil a’ chlas. Business hours, uairean obrach
(b) expressed with bi ag obair. He is in business for himself, tha e ag obair air a cheann fhèin
4 malairt f. They went out of business last year, sguir iad a mhalairt an uiridh
5 cùis f, gen cùise, pl cùisean. You will spoil the business, millidh tu a’ chùis
business mod gnothaich. Business people, luchd-gnothaich
business person n neach-gnothaich m, pl luchd-gnothaich
be the business of v phr 1 expressed with buin do, vn buntainn do. It is not, however, the business of media education to choose one view at the expense of another, ach cha bhuin e do dh’oideachadh mu na meadhain a bhith a’ taghadh aon seallaidh ’s a’ cur sìos air fear eile
2 expressed with bi fa-near do. Rather, it is the business of media education to explore the underlying reasons for all viewpoints, ’s e a tha fa-near do dh’oideachadh mu na meadhain, rannsachadh a dhèanamh air na tha a’ gluasad a h-uile beachd a tha ann
Central Business District, Prìomh Cheàrnaidh Gnothaich
mind your own business, chan e do ghnothach e
businessman n fear-gnothaich m, gen & pl fir-gnothaich
businessperson n neach-gnothaich m, pl luchd-gnothaich
bust n 1 broilleach m, gen broillich, pl broillichean
2 (of statue) ceann m is guaillean f pl
bustard, great n (Otis tarda) 1 bustard m mòr, gen bustaird mhòir, pl bustaird mhòra
2 coileach-Turcach m, gen coilich-Thurcaich, coilich-Thurcach, and cearc-Thurcach f, gen circe-Turcaich, pl cearcan-Turcach
bustard, little n (Otis tetrax) 1 bustard m beag, gen bustaird bhig, pl bustaird bheaga
bus-stop n stad-bhus m, gen stadan-bhus
bustle n 1 othail f
2 drip f
bustle v i 1 falbh gu dripeil, vn falbh gu dripeil. She was bustling about the house, bha i a’ falbh mun taigh gu dripeil
2 expressed with gu dripeil. They bustle in and out, tha iad a-mach is a-steach gu dripeil
busy a 1 trang, comp trainge. In a busy classroom, ann an clas trang. He is very busy this week, tha e glè thrang an t-seachdain-sa
2 dripeil, comp dripeala. I’m very busy, tha mi glè dhripeil. He’s so busy just now, tha e cho dripeil an-dràsta. He’s busy putting the tickets on the wool-bags, tha e dripeil a’ cur nan tiocaidean air na pocaichean-clòimhe. He was terribly busy at the dipping and everything, bha e uamhasach dripeil aig an doibeadh ’s aig a h-uile rud
3 dèanadach, comp dèanadaiche
4 gnìomhach, comp gnìomhaiche
busy with, busy at a phr expressed with a’ cur ris. What are you busy with just now, dè tha thu a’ cur ris an-dràsta
busybody n gabaire m, pl gabairean ; also gobaire m, pl gobairean
but adv 1 neg plus ach. She is but a child, chan eil innte ach an leanabh. He is but young, chan eil e ach òg
2 expressed with neg. He talks but little, chan abair e mòran
but prep ach (plus rad). There was nobody there but me, cha robh ann ach mise. Who will do it but me? cò eile a nì e ach mise?
but conj 1 (a) ach. It is cold but it is not wet, tha e fuar ach chan eil e fliuch. There was no alternative but to go, cha robh air ach falbh
(b) expressed with ach plus bi. Soft, slow and loud are simple but important terms, ’s e briathran sìmplidh a tha ann an sèimh, mall, cruaidh, ach tha iad cudthromach
2 expressed with agus, is. When pupils want to talk about an experience, but can only use English, an uair a tha a’ chlann ag iarraidh a bhith a’ bruidhinn air rud a dh’fhiosraich iad, ’s gun chomas aca ach ann am Beurla
3 tà. But, John, it wasn’t actually like that, tà, Iain, cha b’ ann mar sin a bha e
4 expressed with nach. I never go there but it rains, cha tèid mi ann uair sam bi nach bi an t-uisge ann
5 expressed with gun. I never go there but I think of you, cha tèid mi uair a sin gun smaoineachadh ort
6 gidheadh
but for conj phr mur b’ e. I wouldn’t go there but for Donald, cha d’reaghainn ann mar b’ e Dòmhnall
but rather conj phr ach. You won’t have any loss in it, but rather gain, cha bhi call sam bith agad ann, ach buannachd
butcher n 1 buidsear m, gen buidseir, pl buidsearan ; also bùidsear m, gen bùidseir, pl bùidsearan. In a butcher’s shop, ann am bùth bhuidseir, or ann am bùth bhùidseir
2 feòladair m, pl feòladairean
butcher’s broom n (Ruscus aculeatus), see broom, butcher’s n
butchery n 1 buidsearachd f, bùidsearachd f
2 feòladaireachd f
Bute pr n Bòd m, gen Bòid
belonging to Bute a phr Bòideach
man from Bute n phr Bòideach m, gen & pl Bòidich
woman from Bute n phr ban-Bhòideach f, gen & pl ban-Bhòidich
butler n 1 buidealair m, pl buidealairean
2 butlair m, pl butlairean
butler v i
butlering n 1 buidealaireachd f
2 butlaireachd f
butt n (thicker end of something) 1 bun m, gen buna, buin, pl buin, bunan
2 (of gun) stoc m, gen & pl stuic
butt end n phr bun m, gen buna, buin, pl buin, bunan
butt n 1 (a) (target) targaid f, pl targaidean
(b) (mound behind target) buta m, pl butaichean
(c) (barrier from behind which one shoots) buta m, pl butaichean
2 (target of ridicule) cùis-bhùirt f, gen cùise-bùirt, pl cùisean-bùirt
butt n 1 (cask) (a) baraille m, pl baraillean
(b) togsaid f, pl togsaidean
2 (as measure, of two hogsheads) buta m, pl butaichean
butt n (blow) 1 putadh m, gen putaidh, pl putaidhean
2 purradh m, gen purraidh, pl purraidhean
3 sàthadh m, gen sàthaidh, pl sàthaidhean
butt v tr 1 put, vn putadh m
2 purr, vn purradh m. The goat was butting with its horns, bha a’ ghobhar a’ purradh le h-adhaircean
3 sàth, vn sàthadh m
butt in v phr (conversation) bris a-steach, vn briseadh a-steach (le facal). He was always butting into the conversation, bha e an còmhnaidh a’ briseadh a-steach don chòmhradh
butte n butte m, pl buttes
butter n ìm m, gen ime. Fresh butter, ìm ùr. The taste of the butter, blas an ime. As if butter wouldn’t melt in her mouth, mar nach leaghadh an t-ìm na beul
ointment made of butter and a medicinal plant, for burns, ìm-èiginn m
butter v tr cuir ìm air, vn cur ime air
butterbur n (Petasites hybridus) gallan m mòr, gen gallain mhòir
butterbur, white n (Petasites albus) gallan m mòr geal, gen gallain mhòir ghil
butter cap n (Collybia butyracea) ceap m ime, gen cip ime, pl ceapan ime
buttercup (Ranunculus spp.) n 1 (a) buidheag f, gen buidheig, pl buidheagan. Look at those buttercups, seall na buidheagan a tha siod
(b) buidheag f an t-samhraidh, gen buidheig an t-samhraidh, pl buidheagan an t-samhraidh
2 cearban m, gen cearbain, pl cearbain, cearbanan. The yellow buttercups among the grass, na cearbanan buidhe am measg an fheòir (song)
buttercup, bulbous n (Ranunculus bulbosus) 1 tuile-thalmhainn f
2 fuile-thalmhainn f
buttercup, celery-leaved n (Ranunculus scleratus) torachas m biadhain, gen torachais bhiadhain
buttercup, corn n (Ranunculus arvensis) cearban m arbhair, gen & pl cearbain arbhair
buttercup, creeping n (Ranunculus repens) 1 cearban m, gen & pl cearbain
2 cearban m snàigeach, gen cearbain shnàigich, pl cearbain shnàigeach
buttercup, glacier n (Ranunculus glacialis) cearban m eigh-shrutha, gen & pl cearbain eigh-shrutha
buttercup, goldilocks n (Ranunculus auricomus) gruag f Muire, gen gruaige Muire
buttercup, hairy n (Ranunculus sardous) cearban m molach, gen & pl cearbain mholaich
buttercup, Jersey n (Ranunculus paludosus) cearban m Deirsidh, gen & pl cearbain Dheirsidh
buttercup, meadow n (Ranunculus acris) cearban m feòir, gen & pl cearbain fheòir
buttercup, small-flowered n (Ranunculus parviflorus) cearban m beag-fhlùrach, gen cearbain bheag-fhlùraich, pl cearbain bheag-fhlùrach
butterfingered a cliobach. Aren’t you butterfingered! nach tu tha cliobach! (if one has dropped something)
butterfingers int Butterfingers! nach tu an cliops!
butterfish n (Pholis gunnellus) cloitheag f, gen cloitheig, pl cloitheagan
butterfly n (part of Lepidoptera) 1 dealan-dè, gen dealain-dè, pl dealanan-dè. A description of the life cycle of a butterfly, iomradh air cearcall-beatha dealain-dè
2 tormachan-dé m, gen tormachain-dè, pl tormachanan-dé
apollo n (Parnassius apollo) apollo m, pl apollothan
apollo, clouded n (Parnassius mnemosyne) apollo m ceòthach, gen apollo cheòthaich, pl apollothan ceòthach
argus, brown n (Aricia agestis) argas m donn, gen argais dhuinn, pl argais dhonna
argus, Scotch n (Erebia aethiops) argas m Albannach, gen argais Albannaich, pl argais Albannach
blue n (part of Lycaenidae) gorman, gen & pl gormain
blue, chalk-hill n (Lysandra coridon) gorman m cnuic-cailce, gen & pl gormain chnuic-cailce
blue, common n (Polyommatus icarus) gorman m cumanta, gen & pl gormain chumanta
blue, holly n (Celastrina argiolus) gorman m cuilinn, gen & pl gormain chuilinn
blue, large n (Maculinea arion) gorman m mòr, gen gormain mhòir, pl gormain mhòra
blue, mazarine n (Cyaniris semiargus) gorman m masaraineach, gen gormain mhasarainich, pl gormain mhasaraineach
blue, silver-studded n (Plebejus argus) gorman m buill-airgeadach, gen gormain bhuill-airgeadach, pl gormain bhuill-airgeadach
blue, small n (Cupido minimus) gorman m beag, gen gormain bhig, pl gormain bheaga
brimstone n (Gonepteryx rhamni) buidheag f pronnasgach, gen buidheige pronnasgaich, pl buidheagan proinnasgach
brown n (Satyridae) donnag f, gen donnaige, pl donnagan
brown, Arran n (Erebia ligea) donnag f Arainneach, gen donnaige Arainnich, pl donnagan Arainneach
brown, hedge n (Pyronia tithonus), see gatekeeper n
brown, meadow n (Maniola jurtina) donnag f chluaine, gen donnaige cluaine, pl donnagan cluaine
brown, wall n (Lasiommata megera) donnag f bhalla, gen donnaige balla, pl donnagan balla
Camberwell beauty n (Nymphalis antiopa) fallaing f mhòr, gen fallaing mòire, pl fallaingean mòra
comma n (Polygonia c-album) cromag f, gen cromaige, pl cromagan
copper n (part of Lycaenidae) coprag f, gen copraige, pl copragan
copper, small n (Lycaena phlaeas) coprag f bheag, gen copraige bige, pl copragan beaga
dryad n (Minois dryas) driad f, gen driaide, pl driadan
fritillary n (part of Nymphalidae) fritilean m, gen fritilein, pl fritileanan
fritillary, dark green n (Argynnis aglaia) fritilean m dorch-uaine, gen fritilein dhorch-uaine, pl fritileanan dorch-uaine
fritillary, Duke of Burgundy n (Hamearis lucina) fritilean m Diùc Bhurguindi, gen fritilein Dhiùc Bhurguindi, pl fritileanan Diùc Bhurguindi
fritillary, heath n (Melitaea athalia) fritilean m fraoich, gen fritilein fhraoich, pl fritileanan fraoich
fritillary, high brown n (Argynnis adippe) fritilean m àrd donn, gen fritilein àird dhuinn, pl fritileanan àrda donna
fritillary, marsh n (Euphydryas aurinia) fritilean m fèithe, gen fritilein fhèithe, pl fritileanan fèithe
fritillary, pearl-bordered n (Boloria euphrosyne) fritilean m oir-neamhnaideach, gen fritilein oir-neamhnaidich, pl fritileanan oir-neamhnaideach
fritillary, Queen of Spain n (Argynnis lathonia) fritilean m Banrigh na Spàinne, gen fritilein Bhanrigh na Spàinne, pl fritileanan Banrigh na Spàinne
fritillary, silver-washed n (Argynnis paphia) fritilean m sgoladh-airgeadach, gen fritilein sgoladh-airgeadaich, pl fritileanan sgoladh-airgeadach
gatekeeper n (Pyronia tithonus) fear-geata m, gen & pl fir-gheata
grayling n (Hipparchia semele) glasan m, gen & pl glasain
hairstreak n (part of Lycaenidae) stiallach m, gen & pl stiallaich
hairstreak, black n (Strymonidia pruni) stiallach m dubh, gen stiallaich dhuibh, pl stiallaich dhubha
hairstreak, brown n (Thecla betulae) stiallach m donn, gen stiallaich dhuinn, pl stiallaich dhonna
hairstreak, green n (Callophrys rubi) stiallach m uaine, gen & pl stiallaich uaine
hairstreak, purple n (Quercusia quercus) stiallach m purpaidh, gen & pl stiallaich phurpaidh
hairstreak, white-letter n (Strymonidia w-album) stiallach m litreach-gile, gen & pl stiallaich litreach-gile
heath, large n (Coenonympha tullia) fraochan m mòr, gen fraochain mhòir, pl fraochain mhòra
heath, small n (Coenonympha pamphilus) fraochan m beag, gen fraochain bhig, pl fraochain bheaga
monarch n (Danaus plexippus) monarc m, pl monarcan
orange-tip n (Anthocharis cardamines) bàrr-orains m, gen barra-orains
painted lady n (Cynthia cardui) baintighearna f dhreachmhor, gen baintighearna dreachmhoire, pl baintighearnan dreachmhor
painted lady, American n (Vanessa huntera) baintighearna f dhreachmhor Ameireaganach, gen baintighearna dreachmhoire Ameireaganaich, pl baintighearnan dreachmhor Ameireaganach
peacock n (Inachis io) peucag f, gen peucaige, pl peucagan
purple emperor n (Apatura iris) ìompaire m purpaidh, gen ìompaire phurpaidh, pl ìompairean purpaidh
red admiral n (Vanessa atalanta) àrd-mharaiche m dearg, gen àrd-mharaiche dheirg, pl àrd-mharaichean dearga
ringlet n (Aphantopus hyperantus) fàinneag f, gen fàinneige, pl fàinneagan
ringlet, mountain n (Erebia epiphron) fàinneag f bheinne, gen fàinneige beinne, pl fàinneagan beinne
skipper n (Hesperiidae) leumadair m, pl leumadairean
skipper, chequered n (Carterocephalus palaemon) leumadair m breac-bhallach, gen leumadair bhreac-bhallaich, pl leumadairean breac-bhallach
skipper, dingy n (Erynnis tages) leumadair m lachdann, gen leumadair lachdainn, pl leumadairean lachdann
skipper, grizzled n (Pyrgus malvae) leumadair m grìs-fhionn, gen leumadair ghrìs-fhionn, pl leumadairean grìs-fhionn
skipper, large n (Ochlodes venata) leumadair m mòr, gen leumadair mhòir, pl leumadairean mòra
skipper, Lulworth n (Thymelicus acteon) leumadair m Lulworth, pl leumadairean Lulworth
skipper, silver-spotted n (Hesperia comma) leumadair m buill-airgeadach, gen leumadair bhuill-airgeadach, pl leumadairean buill-airgeadach
skipper, small n (Thymelicus sylvestris) leumadair m beag, gen leumadair bhig, pl leumadairean beaga
speckled wood n (Pararge aegeria) breac-dhealbhan m coille, gen & pl breac-dhealbhain choille
swallowtail n (Papilio machaon) eàrr-gobhlanach m, gen earra-ghobhlanaich, pl earran-gobhlanach
tortoiseshell, large n (Nymphalis polychloros) ruadhan m mòr, gen ruadhain mhòir, pl ruadhain mhòra
tortoiseshell, small n (Aglais urticae) ruadhan m beag, gen ruadhain bhig, pl ruadhain bheaga
two-tailed pasha n (Charaxes jasius) paiseà m dà-earbaill, gen paiseà dhà-earbaill, pl paiseàthan dà-earbaill
white n (Pieridae) bànag f, gen bànaige, pl bànagan
white admiral n (Limenitis camilla) àrd-mharaiche m geal, gen àrd-mharaiche ghil, pl àrd-mharaichean geala
white, Bath n (Pontia daplidice) bànag f Bhath, gen bànaige Bath, pl bànagan Bath
white, black-veined n (Aporia crataegi) bànag f chuisle-duibhe, gen bànaige cuisle-duibhe, pl bànagan cuisle-duibhe
white, green-veined n (Artogeia napi) bànag f chuisle-uaine, gen bànaige cuisle-uaine, pl bànagan cuisle-uaine
white, large n (Pieris brassicae) bànag f mhòr, gen bànaige mòire, pl bànagan mòra
white, marbled n (Melanargia galathea : actually a brown, family Satyridae) bànag f mhàrmorach, gen bànaige màrmoraich, pl bànagan màrmorach
white, small n (Artogeia rapae) bànag f bheag, gen bànaige bige, pl bànagan beaga
white, wood n (Leptidea sinapsis) bànag f choille, gen bànaige coille, pl bànagan coille
yellow, clouded n (Colias croceus) buidheag f cheòthach, gen buidheige ceòthaich, pl buidheagan ceòthach
yellow, clouded, pale n (Colias hyale) buidheag f cheòthach bhlian, gen buidheige ceòthaich bliain, pl buidheagan ceòthach bliana
buttermilk n blàthach f, gen blàthaich. Give me a drink of buttermilk, thoir dhomh deoch bhlàthaich. A drink of buttermilk was good for cleaning the liver, bhiodh deoch bhlàthaich math airson glanadh an adha aig neach
butter-up v tr (flatter) expressed with sglaidhb or sglàib f. He’s always buttering (people) up, dè an sglaidhp a th’ ann, or tha mòran sglaidhb air. They were buttering-up, bha sglàib orra
butterwort, common n (Pinguicula vulgaris) 1 bodan-measgain m, gen & pl bodain-mheasgain ; also badan-measgain m, gen & pl badain-mheasgain
2 mòthan m, gen & pl mòthain
butterwort, greater n = butterwort, large-flowered
butterwort, large-flowered n (Pinguicula grandiflora) 1 bodan-measgain m mòr-fhlùrach, gen bodain-mheasgain mhòr-fhlùraich, pl bodain-mheasgain mhòr-fhlùrach
2 saidhbheag-shlèibhe f, gen saidhbheig-slèibhe, pl saidhbheagan-slèibhe
butterwort, pale n (Pinguicula lusitanica) bodan-measgain m blian, gen bodain-mheasgain bhliain, pl bodain-mheasgain bhliana
buttery a ìmeach, comp ìmiche
buttock n 1 màs m, gen màis, pl màsan
2 tòn f, gen tòine, pl tònan
button n putan m, gen putain, pl putanan. You’ll have to make the button pretty trustworthy, feumaidh tu am putan a dhèanamh gu math barantach. I have a button to be sewn on, tha putan agam ri chur
button v tr 1 dùin na putanan air, vn dùnadh nam putan air
2 putanaich, vn putanachadh m
button-hole n tolla-putain m, gen & pl tuille-phutain
buttonweed n (Cotula coronopifolia) lus-putain m, gen lus-phutain, pl lusan-putain
buttress n 1 balla-taice m, gen balla-thaice, pl ballachan-taice
2 taice f
buxom a 1 beadarach
2 puilceach, puilchdeach
buy n bargan m, gen bargain, pl bargain, barganan. It is a good buy, ’s e deagh bhargan a tha ann
buy v tr 1 ceannaich, vn ceannach m. We bought a new car, cheannaich sinn càr ùr. He’s buying some, tha e a’ ceannach feadhainn. There were two old women here once, and they were going to buy hats, bha dà chailleach ann a seo uaireigin, ’s bha iad a’ dol a cheannach adan. Get her to buy you a pair of boots, thoir oirre paidhir bhròg a cheannach dhut
buy off v phr ceannaich, vn ceannach m. They tried to buy us off, dh’fheuch iad rir ceannach
buy out v phr ceannaich a-mach, vn ceannach a-mach
buy up v phr ceannaich na tha air fhàgail de, vn ceannach na tha air fhàgail de. They bought up the stock, cheannaich iad na bha air fhàgail den stoc
bought a 1 air a cheannach
2 ceannaichte
3 expressed with cond of ceannaich. I actually prefer it to a bought cake, b’ fheàrr liumsa i na cèic a cheannaichinn
buyer n 1 neach-ceannachd m, pl luchd-ceannachd
2 ceannaiche m, pl ceannaichean
buzzard n (Buteo buteo) 1 clamhan m, gen clamhain, pl clamhain, clamhanan
2 bleidir m, gen bleidirean
buzzard, honey n (Pernis apivorus) 1 clamhan-riabhach m, gen clamhain-riabhaich, pl clamhain-riabhach
2 bleidir-riabhach m, gen bleidir-riabhaich, pl bleidirean-riabhach
3 Para m riabhach, gen Para riabhaich
buzzard, rough-legged n (Buteo lagopus) 1 (a) clamhan-molach m, gen clamhain-mholaich, pl clamhain-mholach
(b) clamhan-tònach m, gen clamhain-thònaich, pl clamhain-thònach
2 (a) bleidir-molach m, gen bleidir-mholaich, pl bleidirean-molach
(b) bleidir-tònach m, gen bleidir-thònaich, pl bleidirean-tònach
by adv 1 an dara taobh. I put by a hundred pounds, chuir mi ceud not an dara taobh
2 seachad. She went by, chaidh i seachad
by and by adv phr uair no uaireigin
by prep 1 (agency, means) (a) (i) le (not leniting) (plus dat). She used to keep herself alive by rock-fishing, bha i ga cumail fhèin beò le creagach. These statements are intended to be read by teachers, thathar a’ ciallachadh gun leughar na tha air a chur sìos an-seo le tidsearan. Some pupils may demonstrate their attainment by using alternative forms of communication, faodaidh cuid a bhith a’ nochdadh na bheil iad air a choileanadh le bhith a’ cleachdadh modhan conaltraidh eadar-dhealaichte
(ii) (of authorship) le (not leniting) (plus dat). A novel by Dickens, nobhail le Dickens
(b) air (not leniting) (plus dat). To call someone by name, cuideigin a ghairm air ainm. Three feet by four, trì troighean air ceithir. You wouldn’t think that by her face, cha shaoileadh tu sin air an aghaidh aice
(c) o (leniting) (plus dat). Sensitive prompting by the teacher will help pupils develop their responses, bidh coiteachadh mothachail on tidsear na chuideachadh don chloinn gu bhith a’ toirt an cuid freagairtean an aghaidh
(d) tro (leniting) (plus dat). In talking with pupils and by demonstration, le bhith a’ bruidhinn ris a’ chloinn agus tro eisimpleir
(e) eadar (not leniting) (plus rad). To listen to demonstration dialogues by two teachers, a bhith ag èisteachd ri còmhraidhean taisbeanaidh eadar dithis thidsearan
2 (near) (a) mu (leniting) (plus dat). The flat land by the river, an talamh còmhnard mun abhainn. The house is by the shore, tha an taigh mun chladach
(b) am bun (plus gen). The house is by the shore, tha an taigh am bun a’ chladaich. He was waiting by them, bha e fuireach nam bun
(c) faisg air (plus dat)
(d) ri taobh (plus gen)
3 (of point in time) (a) (i) ro (leniting) (plus dat). By this stage pupils will be learning to listen, ron ìre seo bidh a’ chlann ag ionnsachadh a bhith as èisteachd
(ii) expressed with ron àm. By the end of P7, ron àm a dh’fhàgas iad B7. For most pupils this will be reached by P6 or P7, ruigear seo anns a’ chuid mhòir de chloinn ron àm a thig iad gu B6 no B7. By P3, ron àm a ruigeas iad B3
(b) an prep (non leniting) (plus dat). By 1000 AD roundhouses may still have been used, ann an 1000 AD dh’fhaodadh e a bhith gu robh taighean-cruinne fhathast gan cleachdadh
(c) fo (leniting) (plus dat). Perhaps it will be wet by evening, dh’fhaodadh gum bi e fliuch fo fheasgar. You’ll be hungry again by morning, traoghaidh tu fo mhadainn. Perhaps the road will be better by then, dh’fhaodadh gum bi an rathad nas fheàrr fon àm sin
4 (according to) a-rèir (plus gen). I can sort by colour, nì mi seòrsachadh a-rèir dath. He is paid by the hour, tha e air a phàigheadh a-rèir nan uairean (a thìde)
5 mu choinneimh (plus gen). He is paid by the week, by the month, tha e air a phàigheadh mu choinneimh na seachdaine, mu choinneimh na mìosa
6 expressed with ma plus rel v. By encouraging the pupils to participate imaginatively, ma tha clann air am misneachadh gu bhith a’ gabhail pàirt tro mhac-mheanmna
by boat adv phr air bàta
by car adv phr ann an càr
by day adv phr 1 tron là
2 san là
by degrees adv phr uidh air n-uidh
by foot adv phr de chois. People travelling by foot, daoine a tha a’ siubhal don cois (or den cois)
by himself adv phr 1 leis fhèin. He did it by himself, rinn e e leis fhèin. She is by herself tonight, tha i leatha fhèin a-nochd
2 na aonar. She is by herself tonight, tha i na h-aonar a-nochd
3 expressed with neg plus aige ach e fhèin. She is by herself tonight, chan eil aice ach i fhèin a-nochd
by means of prep phr, see means n pl
by now adv phr 1 roimhe seo
2 thuige seo
by sight adv phr ri fhaicinn. I know her by sight, aithnichidh mi i ri faicinn
by the way prep phr on thathas a’ bruidhinn air
by train adv phr san trèana
by which prep phr 1 le plus dep form of v
2 an prep plus dep form of v. The means by which additional demand was made on them, an dòigh san deach barrachd iarraidh orra
3 expressed with air. The second means by which additional demand can be made is through independent learning, an dàrna dòigh air barrachd iarraidh air cloinn ’s ann tro ionnsachadh neo-eisimeileach
by yourself prep phr expressed with neg plus agad ach thu fhèin. He was by himself, cha robh aige ach e fhèin. So you’re by yourself, chan eil agad ach thu fhèin a-reiste
by and by adv phr 1 a dh’aithghearr
2 uaireigin
bye-bye inter tìoraidh ; tìoraidh-ò. Bye-bye then, tìoraidh-ò ma thà
bye-byes n pl (sleep) bà-bà. Going bye-byes, a’ dol bà-bà. She’s gone bye-byes, chaidh i bà-bà
bye-law n 1 lagh-baile m, gen lagha-bhaile, pl laghannan-baile
2 fo-lagh m, gen fo-lagha, pl fo-laghannan
• frith-lagh m, gen frith-lagha, pl frith-laghan
by-election n 1 fo-thaghadh m, gen fo-thaghaidh, pl fo-thaghaidhean
2 frith-thaghadh m, gen frith-thaghaidh, pl frith-thaghaidhean
bygone a expressed with seachad adv
bygone days n phr na làithean a dh’aom
bygones n pl. Let bygones be bygones, an rud a tha seachad bithead e seachad
by-name n 1 frith-ainm m, pl frith-ainmean
2 far-ainm m, pl far-ainmean
bypass n seach-rathad m, gen seach-rothaid, pl seach-ròidean
by-product n far-stuth m, pl far-stuthan
byre n bàthach, bàthaich m & f, gen bàthaich, bàthcha, pl bàthaichean ; or bàitheach m, gen bàithich, pl bàithichean. In the byre, anns a’ bhàitheach. She went to the byre, chaidh i don bhàitheach. The byre midden, òtrach a’ bhàithich. He’s mucking the byre, tha e a’ cartadh a’ bhàithich
floor (under cow in byre) n imeach f
bystander n neach-amhairc m, pl luchd-amhairc
bytownite n (mineralogy) biotoinit f
by-way n frith-rathad m, gen frith-rothaid, pl frith-ròidean
by-word n 1 (perfect example) gnàth-fhacal m, gen gnàth-fhacail, pl gnàth-fhaclan. Their name is a by-word for service, tha an t-ainm aca na ghnàth-fhacal airson seirbheis
2 (object of scorn) cùis sgeige, gen cùise sgeige, pl cùisean sgeige. He is the by-word of the town, tha e na chùis sgeige aig a’ bhaile
3 (proverb) (a) seanfhacal m, gen seanfhacail, pl seanfhaclan
(b) gnàth-fhacal m, gen gnàth-fhacail, pl gnàth-fhaclan
C
cabbage n càl m, gen càil. Eat up all your cabbage, ith an càl agad uile
cabbage (plant) n stocan m càil m, gen stocain chàil, pl stocanan càil. A cabbage, stocan càil. She bought three cabbages, cheannaich i trì stocanan càil
Savoy cabbage n càl m geamhraidh, gen càil gheamhraidh
caber n cabar m, gen & pl cabair. Tossing the caber, tilgeil a’ chabair
cabinet n cabanat m, gen cabanait. The prime-minister’s cabinet is now appointed, tha cabanat a’ phrìomhair a-nis stèidhte
cable n càball m, gen càbaill, pl càbaill or càballan
cable mod càbaill
cable-way n slighe-chàbaill f, pl slighean-càbaill
cackle v i bi a’ gogadaich. The hens are cackling, tha na cearcan a’ gogadaich
cactus n cactas m, gen cactais, pl cactasan
cadaverous a (thin) 1 reangach, comp reangaiche; or riùngach, comp riùngaiche
2 expressed with reang, or riùng f. He was cadaverous, bha e na riùng. He’s simply cadaverous, chan eil ann ach riùng
cadge (Scots “thig”) v tr bi a’ faoighe. I’m cadging, tha mi a’ faoighe. She used to cadge, bha i a’ faoighe
caesura n caesur m. The caesura sometimes comes after a dactylic foot, and sometines after a trochaic foot, tha an caesur uaireannan a’ tighinn an dèidh troighe dactailich, agus uaireannan an dèidh troighe tròicich
caffeine n caifein m
cage n cèidse f, pl cèidsichean. Inside these large buildings are rows of cages called batteries, am broinn nan togalaichean mòra seo tha sreathan de chèidsichean air a bheil bataraidhean
cairn n càrn m, gen & pl cùirn
Cairngorms, the pr n am Monadh m Ruadh, gen a’ Mhonaidh Ruaidh
cajole v tr breug, vn breugadh m
cake n 1 cèic f, gen cèice, pl cèicean, cèiceachan. A piece of cake, piece cèic. Sticky cakes, cèiceachan steigeach
2 bonnach m, gen & pl bonnaich
3 breacag f, gen breacaig, pl breacagan
calamity n call m, gen calla. The Gaick calamity, call Ghàdhaig
calcareous a cailcreach. Minute calcareous shells, sligean bìodach cailcreach
calcium n cailciam m, gen cailciam. Calcium carbonate, carbonait chailciam
calculation n àireamhachd f
calculate v tr bi ag annaladh. We were calculating how many people live in our area, bha sinn ag annaladh co mheud duine a tha a’ fuireach anns an sgìre againn
2 dèan annaladh air, vn dèanamh annalaidh air. We calculated this many times, rinn sinn annaladh air an seo iomadh uair
calculation n annaladh m, gen annalaidh, pl annalaidhean
calculator n 1 (device) annalair m, pl annalairean
2 àireamhair m, pl àireamhairean
3 (person) annaladair m, pl annaladairean
caldera n caldara m, pl caldarathan
calendar n mìosachan m, gen mìosachain, pl mìosachanan
calf n (of leg) calpa m, pl calpan, calpannan. My leg is sore down the back of the calf, tha mo chas goirt a-bhàn cùl a’ chalpa
calf n 1 laogh m, gen & pl laoigh. It’s a male (a female) calf, ’s e laogh fireann (boireann) a th’ ann. Many a thing will happen to a frolicking calf that its mother never thought of, is iomadh rud a thig air laogh mear nach do shaoil a mhàthair (proverb)
2 (pet name) pruigean m, gen pruigein, pl pruigeanan. How are the calves today? ciamar a tha na pruigeanan an diugh? Look at the calves running, seall na pruigeanan a’ ruith. The Red Calf, am Pruigean Ruadh (a man’s nickname)
bull calf n phr 1 laogh m fireann, gen & pl laoigh fhireann
2 expressed with fireann a. The small one made relatively more as it was a bull calf, rinn a’ fear beag dha rèir fhèin còrr on bha e fireann
heifer calf n phr 1 laogh m boireann, gen & pl laoigh bhoireann
2 expressed with boireann a
in calf prep phr 1 ann an laogh. The cow is in calf, tha a’ bhò ann an laogh
2 expressed with laogh plus an prep. I can tell she’s in calf, her belly’s so big, tha mi ag aithneachadh gu bheil laogh innte, cho balgach ’s a tha i. Are they in calf? a bheil laogh unnta?
the calf has been born, tha an laogh air an imeach (commonly said to express pleasure on birth of calf)
call n 1 gairm f, gen gairme, pl gairmean, gairmeannan
2 (telephone) brath-fòn m, pl brathan-fòn. Calls will be charged at local rate, thèid cur mu choinneimh nam brathan-fòn aig ìre ionadail
call to calf, pruigean! int. Come here calfie, trobhad a phruigean
call to cow, pruidh pruidh! int
call to horses, proch proch! int
call to ram, toib toib! int
call to sheep, ciridh ciridh! int
call v tr & i 1 (a) èigh, vn èigheach f, èigheachd f
(b) èigh air, vn èigheach air, èigheachd air. He called me, dh’èigh e orm. He was calling me, bha e ag èigheachd orm
2 gairm, vn gairm f. To call someone by name, cuideigin a ghairm air ainm
3 (of birds) bi a’ goirsinn. The diver is calling, tha an learg a’ goirsinn
4 (call in, visit) guthaich, vn guthachadh. They won’t leave without calling (in), chan fhalbh aid gun ghuthachadh
5 (name) abair ri, vn ràdh ri. What else would you call it? dè an còrr a theireadh tu ris? I don’t know what I call that, chan eil fhios agam dè their mi ris an sin
called a 1 (a) ris an cainte. Generally crops were grown on long narrow strips of ground called rigs, anns a’ chumantas bha na pòran a’ fàs air stiallan fada caol de thalamh ris an cainte feannagan
(b) ris an canar. Some hens are kept in large buildings called litter houses, tha cuid a chearcan air an cumail ann an togalaichean mòra ris an canar taighean liteir
(c) expressed with canaidh sinn. This is called a grid reference, canaidh sinn comharradh-clèithe ri seo
2 expressed with air a bheil. Inside these large buildings are rows of cages called batteries, am broinn nan togalaichean mòra seo tha sreathan de cheidsichean air a bheil bataraidhean. We can buy special maps called street maps, faodaidh sinn mapaichean a dh’aon ghnothaich a cheannach air a bheil mapaichean shràid
calligraphy n ealdhain-sgrìobhaidh f
calm n 1 fèath m & f, gen fèatha. Flat calm, fèath dubh. There’s a flat calm, tha fèath dubh ann
2 ciùine f
3 socair f
4 (Beaufort Scale, force 0) fèath m, gen fèatha, pl fèathan
false calm, calm before the storm n phr fèath na slaoightearachd
calm a 1 fèathach
2 ciùin. It is calm today, tha e ciùin an diugh
calmness n expressed with socair a. Clarity and calmness of delivery, lìobhraigeadh soilleir, socair
calorie n calaraidh m, pl calaraidhean
camel n càmhal m, gen & pl càmhal. Bactrian camel, camhal Baictriach
camera n camara m. Lighting and camera positions, solas agus suidhichidhean camara
camera obscura n seòmar m dorcha, gen seòmair dhorcha
camouflage n breug-riochd m
camp n campa m, pl campaichean. A holiday camp, campa shaor-làithean
camp mod campachaidh. Camp site, làrach campachaidh
camp v i campaich, vn campachadh m. They are going to camp on a farm, tha iad a’ dol a champachadh air tuathanas
camping n campachadh m, gen campachaidh
campaign n iomairt f, pl iomairtean. In the campaign up to the parliamentary election, anns an iomairt suas chon an taghadh phàrlamaid
campaigner n neach-iomairt m, pl luchd-iomairt
campsite n làrach f champachaidh, gen làraich champachaidh, pl làraichean campachaidh
can n canastair , pl canastairean
can v aux 1 is urrainn (do), etc. I am not sure that I can agree, chan eil mi cinnteach gur h-urrainn dhomh aontachadh. Studying the media cannot begin too early, chan urrainn rannsachadh air na meadhain tòiseachadh tuilleadh agus tràth
2 faod. Some of the examples also show how the learning and teaching activities can be linked to other targets, tha cuid de na h-eisimpleirean cuideachd a’ nochdadh mar a dh’fhaodar na gnìomhan ionnsachaidh agus teagaisg a cheangal ri cuimsean eile. Ecologically the land can be divided into three zones, a thaobh eag-eòlais faodar an talamh a roinn ann an trì sònan
3 rach aig. Through writing, pupils can define, order and understand ideas, tro sgrìobhadh, thèid aig a’ chloinn air mìneachadh a dhèanamh air bun-bheachdan, air rian a chur orra agus air an tuigsinn. Show that they can make a choice or decision based upon what has been heard, a’ nochdadh gun tèid aca air roghainn no co-dhùnadh a dhèanamh air bhonn na chualas. So that they can pursue research, gus an tèid aca air a dhol an sàs ann an rannsachadh. Pupils will understand one can/cannot do something, bidh a’ chlann a’ tuigsinn gun tèid/nach tèid aig neach rud àraidh a dhèanamh
4 gabh. Ideas which can then be used in writing, bun-bheachdan, a ghabhas an sin an cleachdadh ann an sgrìobhadh. Those whose difficulties are of short duration and can be overcome by the class teacher, iadsan aig a bheil duilgheadasan nach mair ach ùine ghoirid agus a ghabhas an leasachadh le tidsear a’ chlas. Learning how text can be organised for readability increases awareness of audience, a bhith ag ionnsachadh mar a ghabhas teacsa a chur air dòigh gus a dhèanamh so-leughte, cuiridh sin ri mothachadh air luchd-amais
5 (a) bi comasach air. And can obtain particular information, agus gu bheil iad comasach air fiosrachadh sònraichte fhaotainn
(b) expressed with comas m. When pupils want to talk about an experience, but can only use English, an uair a tha a’ chlann ag iarraidh a bhith a’ bruidhinn air rud a dh’fhiosraich iad, ’s gun chomas aca ach ann am Beurla
7 faigh, vn faighinn f. What kinds of food can you buy in the shop? dè na seòrsaichean bìdh a gheibh thu ri cheannach anns a’ bhùth?
8 not directly expressed. They should be examined in their own right as agencies which can have great influence on children’s lives, tha còir an sgrùdadh air an sgàth fhèin mar rud aig am bi buaidh mhòr air beatha chloinne. Show that they know, understand and can use at least the following terms, a’ nochdadh gur aithne dhaibh, gun tuig iad agus gun cleachd iad co-dhiù na faclan a leanas. Tape recording can help pupils hear how fluency aids the conveying of meaning, cuidichidh teiprecòrdadh a’ chlann gu bhith a’ cluinntinn mar tha fileantachd a’ cuideachadh ann a bhith a’ cur brìgh an cèill. Pupils will be encouraged to sit comfortably and quietly so that they can pick up the message, bi a’ chlann air am misneachadh gu suidhe gu cofhartail agus gu socair, gu aghaidh a chur air an àite às a bheil an teachdaireachd a’ tighinn ’s gun a bhith a’ cur casg
cannot v aux neg 1 neg plus urrainn. It cannot be assumed, chan urrainn dhuinn a bhith cinnteach
2 expressed with neg plus rach aig. Pupils will understand one can/cannot do something, bidh a’ chlann a’ tuigsinn gun tèid/nach tèid aig neach rud àraidh a dhèanamh
3 expressed with neg plus rian. They cannot identify all the possible approaches to be followed, chan eil rian aca air a h-uile dòigh obrach a ghabhas fheuchainn a chomharrachadh
could v aux 1 dh’fhaodadh. The supermarket sells things you could buy in other shops, tha an t-supermargaid a’ reic rudan a dh’fhaodadh sibh a cheannach am bùthan eile. Class debates could offer more formal contexts, dh’fhaodadh deasbadan anns a’ chlas suidhichidhean na b’fhoirmeile a thoirt seachad
2 dh’fhaoidte. Pupils could be encouraged to undertake different roles, dh’fhaoidte misneachadh a dhèanamh air a’ chloinn gus dleastanasan eadar-dhealaichte a ghabhail os làimh
3 dh’fhaodaiste. An assessment schedule could be devised, dh’fhaodaiste clàr-measaidh a dheilbh
4 b’ urrainn. Experiences which could not be accommodated within the realities of the classroom, fiosrachaidhean nach b’urrainn an gabhail a-staigh anns a’ chlas. The bard could not be accused of concealing his own foolishness over drink, cha b’ urrainnear a chur as leth a’ bhàird gum bitheadh e a’ cleith fhaoineis fhèin mun deoch
5 expressed with cond tense of v. It could be heard from the jetty, bhite ga chluinntinn às a’ chidhe
Canada pr n Canada f
Canadian a Canèideanach
canal n canàl m, gen canàil, pl canàlan
cancer n 1 aillse f
2 cansair m
cancerous a àillseach
candidate n 1 (election) tagraiche m, pl tagraichean
2 (examination) deuchainnaiche m, pl deuchainnichean
Canna pr n Canaigh
cannon n canan m, gen & pl canain
water cannon n phr canan-uisge m, gen & pl canain-uisge. The police used water cannon to force the demonstrators to disperse, chleachd am poileas canain-uisge airson toirt air na daoine a bha a’ togail fianais sgaoileadh
cannot v aux, see can v aux
canoe n curach f, gen curaich, pl curaichean
canoeing n curachanachd f
canopy n 1 ceann-bhrat m, gen ceann-bhrata, pl ceann-bhratan
2 (trees) sgàil-bhrat m, gen sgàil-bhrata, pl sgàil-bhratan
cant n beurla f. Tinkers’ cant, a’ bheurla reagard
cantata n cantàta m, pl cantàtathan
canteen n biadhlann m, gen biadhlainn, pl biadhlannan
canvass v tr aslaich, vn aslachadh m
canyon n 1 canyon m, cañon m, pl canyons, cañons
2 sgoltadh-aibhne m, gen sgoltaidhean-aibhne, pl sgoltaidhean-aibhne
capability n expressed with cho fada ’s a ghabhas sìneadh. Teachers must be attentive to pupils abilities and capabilities, feumaidh làn aire bhith aig tidsearan air comasan cloinne ’s air cho fada ’s a ghabhas an sìneadh
capable of a 1 expressed with bi plus comas aig … air. Pupils will be capable of handling social interactions, bidh comas aig a’ chloinn air eadar-cheanglaichean sòisealta a làimhseachadh
2 expressed with rach aig … air. Both text and task are chosen so that all pupils will be capable of dealing with them, taghar an dà chuid teacsa agus dreuchd gus gun tèid aig a’ chloinn air fad air an làimhseachadh
3 expressed with an comas. They should be encouraged to overtake the attainment targets they are capable of, bu chòir am misneachadh gus a’ chùis a dhèanamh air na tomhaisean-coileanaidh a tha nan comas
4 expressed with gabh v. The secretarial skills are capable of improvement only when the young writer has some notion of what to say, cha ghabh piseach thoirt air na sgilean eagrachaidh gu bràth gus am bi rudeigin de bheachd aig an sgrìobhadair òg air dè their e
5 expressed with faod v. But genres are capable of being continually refined, ach faodar gnè a dhèanamh nas mìne agus nas mìne, gun sguir
capacity n 1 comas m, pl comasan. Pupils will show a capacity to re-combine what has been learned before, nochdaidh iad comas air a bhith a’ cur còmhla a-rithist na dh’ionnsaich iad roimhe. Capacity for adopting various roles within group discussion, comas air a dhol ann an caochladh riochdan taobh a-staigh beachdachadh-buidhne. The microcomputer’s capacity for information handling, comas a’ mhion-choimpiutair air làimhseachadh fiosrachaidh. Provide experiences for developing pupils’ capacities, a’ cur fhiosraichidhean an tairgse na cloinne gus leasachadh a dhèanamh air an cuid chomasan
2 expressed with comasach a. Demonstrating some capacity to reflect on experience, a’ nochdadh gu bheil iad gu ìre comasach air meòrachadh air fiosrachadh
3 (science) tomhas-lìonaidh m, gen tomhais-lìonaidh, pl tomhasan-lìonaidh
cape n bann-bràghad m, gen bainn-bhràghad, pl bannan-bràghad
cape (land) n 1 rubha m, pl rubhaichean
2 ceap m, pl ceapan
capital n (finance) calpa m
capital a
capital city n phr 1 prìomh-bhaile m, pl prìomh-bhailtean
2 ceanna-bhaile m, pl ceanna-bhailtean
capital letter n phr, see sv letter n
capitalise v tr 1 tog, vn togail f. On which teachers can capitalise in the planning and delivery of the programme, air am faod luchd-teagaisg a bhith a’ togail ann a bhith a’ deasachadh a’ phrògraim agus ga chur an gnìomh
2 gabh cothrom, vn gabhail cothroim. Schools will capitalise on pupils’ own play, gabhaidh sgoiltean cothrom air cluiche chloinne fhèin
caption n caipsean m, gen caipsein, pl caipseanan. By reading signs and captions, le bhith a’ leughadh shoidhnichean agus chaipseanan. This might include the production of basic captions, dh’fhaodadh seo gabhail a-staigh caipseanan bunaiteach
captive n bràigh m & f, gen bràighe, pl bràighdean
captivity n braighdeanas m, gen braighdeanais. In captivity, am braighdeanas
capture v tr glac, vn glacadh m. Capturing, storing, gaining access to, changing and interpreting information, a’ glacadh, a’ stòradh, a’ lorg, ag atharrachadh agus a’ breithneachadh fiosrachaidh. As usual, the formula does not capture the situation for every line, mar as àbhaist, cha ghlac an fhoirmle an suidheachadh anns a h-uile sreath
car n càr m, pl càraichean
car exhaust-pipe, pìob-thraoghaidh càr
car park n phr pàirce f chàraichean, pl pàirceachan chàraichean. Why do you think no cars are drawn on the plan of the car park? carson a tha thu smaoineachadh nach eil dealbhan de chàraichean air plana na pàirce chàraichean?
caravan n carabhan m, pl carabhanaichean
caravan site n phr làrach f charabhanaichean, gen làraich charabhanaichean, pl làraichean charabhanaichean
caravanette n carabhanait m, pl carabhanaitean
carbohydrate n 1 gualaisg or gualuisg m, pl gualaisgean or gualuisgean
carbon n carbon m, gen carboin. Carbon dioxide, dà-ogsaid carboin
carbonate n carbonait f, pl carbonaitean. Calcium carbonate, carbonait chailciam
carbonate v carbonaich, vn carbonachadh m
carbonated a carbonaichte
carcinogenic a carcaineigineach
carcinogenicity n carcaineigineachd f
card n cairt f, pl cairtean
cardinal a 1 prìomh. Cardinal points of compass, prìomh-phuingean combaist
2 àrdail. Cardinal numbers, àireamhan àrdail
care n 1 cùram m, gen cùraim. Care in the community, cùram sa choimhearsnachd
2 aire f
in your care adv phr fod chùram. Staff have the responsibility to the ensure the safety of children in their care at all times, tha e mar uallach air luchd-obrach a dhèanamh cinnteach gu bheil clann a tha fon curam daonnan sàbhailte
take care v tr phr 1 thoir an aire, vn toirt an aire
2 expressed with gu faiceallach. Care has been taken to acknowledge the processes which will enable that extension to take place, tha àite air a thoirt gu faiceallach do na ceumannan a bheir cothrom don leudachadh sin a bhith a’ tighinn gu buil
care v i
care for v phr thoir cùram do, vn toirt cùraim do. The pre-school recognises that many different types of family successfully love and care for children, tha an ro-sgoil a’ toirt fa-near gun tèid aig iomadh seòrsa eadar-dhealaichte de theaghlaichean air gaol agus cùram a thoirt do chloinn
career n 1 dreuchd m, pl dreuchdan
2 cùrsa-beatha m, pl cùrsaichean-beatha
careful a 1 cùramach, comp cùramaiche. The teacher will use careful questioning, cleachdaidh an tidsear ceasnachadh cùramach. The positive effects of careful layout and presentation cho fìor fheumail ’s a tha cruth is foillseachadh cùramach
2 (a) faiceallach, comp faiceallaiche. A careful audit, tomhas faiceallach
(b) expressed with gu faiceallach. Pupils will develop a sense of the importance of careful proof-reading, bidh a’ chlann a’ fàs mothachail air cho cudthromach ’s a tha e a bhith a’ dearbh-leughadh gu faiceallach
3 dùrachdach, comp dùrachdaiche
4 mionaideach, comp mionaidiche
5 deagh. They will pay careful attention to punctuation and structure, bidh iad a’ toirt deagh aire do phungadh agus do structar
6 expressed with làn. Teachers should give careful attention to the readability of all printed texts used, tha còir aig tidsearan làn aire a thoirt gu bheil gach teacsa clò-bhuailte a thathar a’ cleachdadh furasta a leughadh
be careful! v phr 1 bi faiceallach!
2 thoir an aire! also thoir an aire ort fhèin!
carefully adv 1 gu cùramach. Contexts which will combine to form a carefully sequenced programme, suidhichidhean a bhitheas a’ tighinn còmhla gus prògram a chruthachadh a bhitheas air òrdachadh gu cùramach
2 gu faiceallach. By listening carefully, le bhith ag èisteachd gu faiceallach. The school will consider the need for carefully structured programmes of study, gabhaidh an sgoil ealla ris gu bheil feum air prògraman obrach a tha air an deilbh gu faiceallach. Programmes of work will have to be carefully reviewed, feumar prògraman obrach an ath-bhreithneachadh gu faiceallach
3 gu dùrachdach. Teachers should listen carefully, is còir do thidsearan a bhith ag èisteachd gu dùrachdach
4 gu mionaideach. Study the plan carefully, dèan sgrùdadh mionaideach air a’ phlana
cargo n 1 carago m, pl caragothan
2 luchd m, gen luchda, pl luchdan
cargo ship n phr soitheach m carago, gen soithich charago, pl soithichean carago
caribou n carabù m, pl carabù and carabùthan
carnation n 1 (colour) càrnaid f
2 bot lus m càrnaid, pl lusan càrnaid, or càrnaid f, pl càrnaidean
carnation a càrnaid
carnivore n feòil-itheadair m, pl feòil-itheadairean
carnivorous a feòil-itheach
carpet n brat-ùrlair m, pl bratan-ùrlair
carragheen (Irish moss, Chondrus crispus) n 1 màthair-an-duilisg f
2 cairgean m, gen cairgein
carriageway n slighe-charbad f, pl slighean-charbad
dual carriageway n phr 1 slighe-charbad f dhùbailte
2 rathad-roinnte m, gen rathaid-roinnte, pl ròidean-roinnte
carrion n ablach m, gen ablaich
carrot n
carrot mod currain. Carrot broomrape, mùchag churrain
carry v tr 1 giùlain, vn giùlan m. Carrying loads, a’ giùlan eallaichean. Carrying ware, a’giùlan bathair. The cut coal is carried on a conveyor belt to be loaded into trucks, thèid an gual a tha air a ghearradh a ghiùlain air crios siubhail airson a lodadh air trucaichean. Pupils’ understanding of the process of carrying information, tuigse na cloinne air a bhith a’ giùlan fiosrachaidh
2 toir le, vn toirt le. What were you carrying? dè bha thu a’ toirt leat? Don’t go without carrying something, na falbh gun rudeigin a thoirt leat
carry on v phr lean ort, vn leantainn ort. Carry on up the hill to the next site, lean ort suas am bruthach chon na h-ath làraich
carry out v phr 1 coilean, vn coileanadh m. Some of those listeners’ tasks will involve pupils in carrying out simple directions, cuiridh cuid de na gnìomhan èisteachd sin a’ chlann an sàs ann a bhith a’ coileanadh stiùiridh shìmplidh
2 dèan, vn dèanamh m. In order to carry out tasks of some complexity, gus obair a tha an ìre mhaith ioma-fhillte a dhèanamh
3 thoir gu buil, vn toirt gu buil
4 not directly expressed. Carrying out investigations to generate thinking skills, a’ rannsachadh gus sgilean smaoineachaidh a thoirt gu bith
cartilage n 1 brisgean m, gen brisgein
2 maoth-chnàimh m
cartoon n dealbh m èibhinn, pl dealbhan èibhinn
cascade n easan m, gen & pl easain
case n 1 cùis f, pl cùisean
2 tachartas m, gen tachairtais, pl tachartasan. About fifty new cases of the disease appear each year, tha mu leth-cheud tachartas ùr den ghalar a’ nochdadh gach bliadhna
3 cèis f, pl cèisean
4 (grammar) tuiseal m, gen tuiseil, pl tuisealan. Ablative case, tuiseal adhbharach. Absolutive case, tuiseal iomlanach. Accusative case, tuiseal cuspaireach. Dative case, tuiseal tabhartach. Ergative case, tuiseal eirgeadach. Genitive case, tuiseal ginideach. Instrumental case, tuiseal innealach. Locative case, tuiseal ionadach. Nominative case, tuiseal ainmneach. Objective case, tuiseal oibseigeach. Radical case, tuiseal bunasach. Vocative case, tuiseal gairmeach. The preposition here puts a definite feminine singular noun into the genitive case, tha an roimhear an seo a’ cur ainmeir chinntich bhoireanta shingilte don tuiseal ghinideach
in all but a few cases, agus sin cha mhòr daonnan. It should be emphasised that in all but a few cases the content will be the first focus for assessment, dh’fheumte a sheulachadh gur ann air susbaint a bhithear a’ bualadh airson measaidh anns a’ chiad dol-a-mach, agus sin cha mhòr daonnan
in case conj phr air eagal gu. Take your jacket in case it rains, thoir leat do sheacaid air eagal gun tig an t-uisge
in cases of prep phr expressed with an prep. In cases of emergency members of staff should use English with non-Gaelic speaking children, ann an suidheachadh-èiginn is còir don luchd-obrach Beurla a ràdh ri cloinn aig nach eil Gàidhlig
in the case of prep phr a thaobh (plus gen). In the case of children who are not Gaelic speakers, a thaobh clann aig nach eil Gàidhlig. In the case of Gaelic, a thaobh na Gàidhlig
in this case adv phr mas ann mar seo a thà
cash n 1 airgead m, gen airgid
2 airgead m tioram, gen airgid thioraim
cash crop n phr pòr-airgid m, gen pòir-airgid, pl pòran-airgid
• bàrr-airgid m, gen barra-airgid, pl barran-airgid
cash desk n phr deasg m airgid, pl deasgan airgid. Customers pay at the cash desk on their way out, bidh custamairean a’ pàigheadh aig deasg an airgid air an t-slighe a-mach
cask n buideal m, gen & pl buideil
cassette n cèiseag f, gen cèiseig, pl cèiseagan
cassette mod cèiseig. Cassette recording, clàradh cèiseig
cast n (play) muinntir f (dealbh-chluich)
cast a (metal) leagh-dhealbhte. Cast iron, iarann leagh-dhealbhte
castor n (wheel) roithlean m, gen roithlein, pl roithleanan
castor-oil n ola f ricineach
casualty n
casualty unit n phr aonad-thubaist m, gen aonaid-thubaist, pl aonadan-thubaist. Particularly in rural areas where there is no direct access to an appropriate casualty unit, gu h-àraidh ann an àiteachan dùthchail far nach fhaighear cothrom a dhol gu dìreach gu aonad-thubaist iomchaidh
cat n cat m, gen & pl cait
cat food n phr biadh m chat. A tin of cat food, canastair biadh chat
Catalan pr n 1 Catalanach m, gen & pl Catalanaich
2 (language) Catalanais f
catalogue n 1 catalog m, gen cataloig, pl catalogan. Mail order catalogues, catalogan òrduigh-tron-phost. The catalogue will contribute information on progress in aspects of reading and writing, gheibhear fiosrachadh air adhartas ann an cùisean leughaidh agus sgrìobhaidh anns a’ chatalog
2 ainm-chlàr m, gen ainm-chlàir, pl ainm-chlàir, ainm-chlàran
catalysis n catailis f
catalyst n 1 stuth m catailis, pl stuthan catailis
2 expressed with meadhan m falaichte. Word processing is also a catalyst for paired and group work, tha dealbh-sgrìobhadh cuideachd na mheadhan falaichte air obair càraid agus obair bhuidhne
catamaran n catamaran m, gen catamarain, pl catamaranan
catch n (e.g. of fish) murtachd f
catch v tr 1 beir air, vn breith air
2 glac, vn glacadh m
3 gabh greim air. When their minds have been caught, an uair a ghabhar greim air na h-inntinnean aca
catchment n mod tionail
catchment area n phr 1 ceàrnaidh-tionail m, pl ceàrnaidhean-tionail
2 sgìre-ghlacaidh f, pl sgìrean-glacaidh
categorical a seòrsail
categorisation n 1 seòrsadh m, gen seòrsaidh. Some pupils acquire the habits of recognition and categorisation readily, tha cuid de chloinn a thogas cleachdaidhean aithne agus seòrsaidh gu h-ealamh
2 expressed with bi a’ seòrsadh. They aid categorization of spoken texts, tha iad nan cuideachadh ann a bhith a’ seòrsadh theacsaichean labhairt
3 seòrsachadh m, gen seòrsachaidh
categorise v tr seòrs, vn seòrsadh m. In order to recognise and categorize the appropriateness of information sources, gus freagarrachd tùsan fiosrachaidh aithneachadh agus a sheòrsadh. Mass media is a term useful in categorizing texts, tha na mòr mheadhain na ainm feumail ann a bhith a’ seòrsadh theacsaichean
category n seòrsa m, pl seòrsachan. What category of verse do we have…? dè an seòrsa bàrdachd a tha againn…? Genre will be regularly used as a description of categories of texts, bithear a’ cleachdadh gnè gu cunbhalach mar thuairisgeal air seòrsachan theacsaichean. Noun and verb will describe categories of words from which pupils make choices, bidh ainmear agus gnìomhair a’ dèanamh iomraidh air seòrsachan fhaclan às am bi a’ chlann a’ taghadh
cater v i
cater for v i phr 1 ullaich airson. Catering for the needs of individual pupils, ullachadh airson feuman phàistean fa leth
2 tairg do. They cater for different groups of pupils, tha iad a’ tairgse foghlaim do bhuidhnean eadar-dhealaichte de chloinn
3 gabh ri. Catering for the needs of individual pupils, a’ gabhail ri feuman chloinne fa leth. Gaelic caters for pupils from a range of home and cultural backgrounds, tha a’ Ghàidhlig a’ gabhail ri cloinn à caochladh sheòrsachan dachaigh is dualchais
4 bi a’ solar do
catering for n phr 1 gabhail m ri
2 expressed with a bhith a’ gabhail ri. Attention is drawn to the statement on Catering for the Needs of Individual Pupils, thathar a’ toirt aire a dh’ionnsaigh na thathar ag ràdh mu a bhith a’ Gabhail ri Feuman Chloinne fa Leth
caterpillar n 1 burras m, gen & pl burrais
2 bratag f, gen brataig, pl bratagan
caterpillar of large white butterfly (Pieris brassicae) or small white butterfly (Artogeia rapae) torc m a’ chail, gen & pl tuirc a’ chàil
cathedral n 1 cathair-eaglais f, pl cathair-eaglaisean
2 àrd-eaglais f, pl àrd-eaglaisean
cathode n catod
cathode mod catoid. Cathode ray tube, tiub gath catoid
Catholic a Caitligeach
cattail n (reedmace) (Typha latifolia) = bulrush n
cattle n crodh m, gen cruidh
causal a adhbharach
causation n adhbharachadh m, gen adhbharachaidh
cause n 1 adhbhar m, gen adhbhair, pl adhbhair and adhbharan
2 màthair-adhbhar m, gen & pl màthair-adhbhair. There may also be times when the teacher will use techniques which can diagnose the cause of difficulties in learning, faodaidh gum bi amannan ann cuideachd an uair a bhitheas an tidsear a’ cleachdadh dhòighean a lorgas a-mach màthair-adhbhair dhuilgheadasan ionnsachaidh
cause v tr 1 adhbharaich, vn adhbharachadh m
2 dèan, vn dèanamh m. The preposition “dha” does not cause lention in this dialect, chan eil an roimhear “dha” a’ dèanamh sèimheachaidh anns an dualchainnt seo
3 tog, vn togail f. There is one other thing that has caused much controversy, tha aon nì eile ann a tha air connspaid mhòr a thogail
4 (a) expressed with bi. A personal spelling book for words causing difficulty, leabhar-litreachaidh pearsanta airson fhaclan a tha duilich
(b) expressed with bi aig air. The ways in which accent and dialect can cause listeners to react differently, na dòighean anns am faod buaidh eadar-dhealaichte a bhith aig blas agus dualchainnt air luchd-èisteachd
cause to become v phr expressed with fàg, vn fàgail f. Investigation of a substance washed ashore that has caused a number of people to become ill, rannsachadh air stuth a thàinig air tìr agus a dh’fhàg grunn dhaoine gu tinn
caution n 1 faiceall f, gen faicill
2 cùram m, gen cùraim
3 rabhadh m, gen rabhaidh
cavalry n 1 eachraidh m
2 marc-shluagh m, gen marc-shluaigh
cave n uamh f and uaimh f, gen uaimhe and uamha, pl uaimhean and uamhan
cavern n 1 uamh f and uaimh f, gen uaimhe and uamha, pl uaimhean and uamhan
2 còs m, gen còis, pl còsan
cease-fire n 1 fois-chogaidh f, gen foise-cogaidh, pl foisean-cogaidh. Both sides declared a cease-fire, ghairm an dà thaobh fois-chogaidh
2 fois-fhòirneirt f, gen foise-fòirneirt, pl foisean-fòirneirt. Since the end of the IRA cease-fire, bho stad fois-fhòirneirt an IRA
ceilidh n cèilidh m or f, pl cèilidhean. The school should organise regular ceilidhs, bu chòir don sgoil cèilidhean a chur air dòigh gu cunbhalach
ceiling n 1 mullach-seòmair m, gen & pl mullaich-sheòmair
2 mullach-a-steach, gen & pl mullaich a-steach
3 expressed with cho àrd a. The attainment targets are not intended to be ceilings beyond which learning does not progress, tha e a-cheart cho fìor nach eilear a’ ciallachadh gu bheil na cuimsean coileanaidh cho àrd ’s nach eil ionnsachadh a’ dol os an cionn
celandine, lesser n (Ranunculus ficaria) searraiche m
celery n soilire m
celibacy n aontamhachd f
celibate a aontamhach
Celsius a Celsius
Celt n Ceilteach, gen & pl Ceiltich
Celtic pr n (language) Ceiltis f
Celtic a Ceilteach. As a member of a family of Celtic languages, mar bhall de theaghlach nan cànan Ceilteach
cement n 1 saimeant m. The stone has been re-erected and set in a cement base, chaidh a’ chlach a chur suas a-rithist agus a shuidheachadh ann am bonn saimeant
2 lionn-tàthaidh m, pl lionntan-tàthaidh
cement v tr 1 saimeant, vn saimeantadh m
2 tàth le saimeant or le lionn-tàthaidh, vn tàthadh…
census n cunntas-sluaigh m, gen cunntais-shluaigh, pl cunntasan-sluaigh
centicube n ciada-chiùb m, pl ciada-chiùban
centimetre n ciadameatair m, pl ciadameatairean. A cubic centimetre, ciadameatair ciùbach
centimetre mod ciadameatair. A centimetre cube, ciùb ciadameatair. Centimetre ruler, rùilear ciadameatair. Centimetre tape, teip chiadameatair
centipede (Chilopoda) n 1 ceud-chasach m, gen & pl ceud-chasaich
2 fiolan-nan-ceud-cas m, or gobhlachan-nan-ceud-cas m, gen fiolain-… or gobhlachain-…, pl fiolanan-… or gobhlachanan-…
central a 1 prìomh. The central aim should be to provide language programmes, am prìomh amas a bu chòir a bhith ann ’s e prògraman-cànain a thairgse
2 expressed with ann an teis meadhan prep phr. Because language is central to children’s intellectual development, a chionn ’s gu bheil cànain ann an teis meadhan fàs chloinne a thaobh tuigse
Central Business District, Prìomh Cheàrnaidh Gnothaich
centrality n meadhanachd f
centre n 1 meadhan m, gen meadhain, pl meadhanan. There are the remains of a dividing wall down the centre of the hill-field, gheibhear lorg air balla-dealachaidh sìos meadhan an achaidh
2 ionad m, gen ionaid, pl ionadan. By use of listening centres, le bhith a’ cleachdadh ionadan-èisteachd
3 buillsgean m, gen buillsgein, pl buillsgeanan
centre v tr not expressed. Syllable and root will be used in discussion which centres on individual words, cleachdar lide agus freumh ann am beachdachadh air faclan fa leth
centred round prep phr expressed with ann an dlùth cheangal ri. Emphasis will be on enjoyment, centred round their own writing and reading, is ann air toileachadh a bhitheas an cudthrom, ann an dlùth cheangal ri an cuid sgrìobhaidh agus leughaidh fhèin
centrifugal a meadhan-sheachnach. Centrifugal force, lùth meadhan-sheachnach
centripetal a meadhan-aomach
century n linn f, pl linntean. The twentieth century, an fhicheadamh linn. The original building must be 17th or 18th century in date, feumaidh gum buin an togalach tùsail do dh’àm mun 17mh no mun 18mh linn
ceramic a cearamaigeach
cereal n 1 gràn m, gen & pl gràin
2 arbhar m, gen arbhair
cereal mod gràin. Cereal crops, pòran gràin
ceremonial n deas-ghnàth m, pl deas-ghnàthan
ceremonial a deas-ghnàthach
ceremony n deas-ghnàth m, pl deas-ghnàthan
certain a 1 àraidh. Within certain broad principles, taobh a-staigh phrionnsabalan farsaing àraidh
2 expressed with cuid de. Certain things are easier to deal with, tha cuid a rudan nas fhasa dèiligeadh riutha
3 not directly expressed. However, there are certain features common to Gaelic medium schools everywhere, air a shon sin tha nithean ann a bhuineas do na sgoiltean Gàidhlig uile ge b’e air bith càit a bheil iad
certainly adv 1 gun teagamh sam bith. Should be attainable by some pupils in P3 or even earlier, but certainly by most in P4. so-ruighinn le cuid ann am B3 no fiùs roimhe sin, ach gun teagamh sam bith leis a’ mhòrchuid ann am B4
2 gu fìrinneach. It is certainly not possible to assess all of a class’s activities in language all of the time, gu fìrinneach chan eil rian air gum biodhte a’ measadh uile ghnìomhan clas ann an cànain fad na h-ùine
certificate n teisteanas m, gen teisteanais, pl teisteanasan. There should be at least one adult holding a recognised first-aid certificate on the premises at all times, is còir gum bi co-dhiù aon inbheach aig a bheil teisteanas aithnichte a thaobh ciad-fhuasglaidh daonnan anns an togalach
chaffinch n (Fringilla coelebs) breacan-beithe m, gen & pl breacain-bheithe. Look at that beautiful cock chaffinch, seoll ris a’ choileach bhreacan-beith bhrèagha tha siod
chain n 1 sèine f, pl sèineachan. A mountain chain, sèine bheanntan
2 slabhraidh f, pl slabhraidhean
chair n sèithear m, gen sèitheir, pl sèithrichean
high chair n phr sèithir-àrd m, gen sèitheir-àird, pl sèithrichean-àrda. Appropriate restraints must be used in high chairs, feumar uidheaman-bacaidh iomchaidh a chleachdadh air sèithrichean-àrda
chairman n 1 neach-cathrach m. To accept roles such as chairman, secretary, a bhith a’ gabhail os làimh riochdan mar neach-cathrach, rùnaire
2 cathraiche m, pl cathraichean. The chairman of the school board, cathraiche bòrd na sgoile
chalk n 1 cailc f
2 (geology) cailc-chlach f, gen cailc-chloiche
chalky a cailceach
challenge n 1 dùbhlan m, gen & pl dùbhlain
2 (a) expressed with cuir gu dùbhlan, vn cur gu dùbhlan. Pupils who need challenges, clann a dh’fheumas an cur gu an dùbhlan. It will be necessary to provide regular challenges through teaching and learning approaches, feumar iad sin a chur gu an dùbhlan gu cunbhalach le modhan teagaisg agus ionnsachaidh
(b) expressed with cuir dùbhlan air, vn cur dùbhlain air. Rather, it is the business of media education to examine how Gaelic culture should address the challenges of a changing world ’s e a tha fa-near do dh’oideachadh mu na meadhain, beachdachadh air mar as còir do dhualchas na Gàidhlig aghaidh a chur air gach dùbhlan a tha saoghal caochlaideach a’ cur air
challenge v tr 1 thoir dùbhlan, vn toirt dùbhlain. They should consider whether the text is likely to challenge, tha còir aca beachdachadh air co-dhiùbh a tha an teacsa agus coltas air gun toir e dùbhlan
2 cuir gu dùbhlan, vn cur gu dùbhlan. Teachers should be alert to the need to challenge some pupils, tha còir aig tidsearan a bhith a’ gabhail ealla ris gum feum cuid de chloinn an cur gu dùbhlan. Adventure games let pupils explore situations which give a sense of reality, challenging them to make decisions and confront problems, tha geamannan dùbhlain a’ toirt cothroim do chloinn a bhith a’ rannsachadh shuidhichidhean anns a bheil caran de choltas an t-saoghail againn fhìn, ’s e sin, a tha gan cur gu dùbhlan gus co-dhùnaidhean a dhèanamh agus aghaidh a chur air duilgheadasan
3 cuir an aghaidh, vn cur an aghaidh. Supporting or challenging a line of argument, a’ cur taice ri beachd no argamaid, no a’ cur nan aghaidh
challenging a expressed with cuir gu dùbhlan. A coherent, continuous and challenging programme of work, prògram obrach a tha ro-leantainneach agus òrdail agus a tha gan cur gu dùbhlan. Which is sufficiently challenging to them, a tha gan cur gu dùbhlan gu leòr
chamber n seòmar m, gen seòmair, pl seòmraichean. Heart chamber, seòmar cridhe
champ v tr (munch noisily) expressed with sgleintseach f, gen sgleintsich. How they were champing as they ate it! dè an sgleintseach a bha orra ga ithe
champion n 1 curaidh m, pl curaidhean
2 (winner) (a) buadhaiche m, pl buadhaichean
(b) gaisgeach m, gen & pl gaisgich
world champion n phr gaisgeach m na cruinne, gen & pl gaisgich na cruinne. Last year’s world champion was in third place, bha gaisgeach na cruinne an-uiridh san treas àite
chance n 1 cothrom m, gen cothroim, pl cothroman. Giving them the chance to reflect on the issues, a’ toirt cothroim dhaibh a bhith a’ cnuasachadh air na puingean. Equal chances, cothroman co-ionann. Pupils will be given chances to comment on characters, gheibh a’ chlann cothrom air a bhith a’ toirt beachd air pearsachan. Pupils will have chances to explore characters, bidh cothroman aig a’ chloinn rannsachadh a dhèanamh air pearsachan
2 tuiteamas m, gen tuiteamais, pl tuiteamasan. A thing that happened through chance, rud a thachair tro thuiteamas. One might think that this equivalence in frequency could not occur by chance, shaoileadh neach nach bitheadh a’ cho-ionannachd seo ann an tricead a’ tachairt le tuiteamas
change n 1 atharrachadh m, gen atharrachaidh, pl atharraichidhean. More differentiated targets which will reflect maturational and interest changes, cuimsean nas eadar-dhealaichte a nochdas atharraichidhean fàis agus ùidh. Pupils will develop a greater alertness to the changes in ideas, bidh a’ chlann a’ fàs nas mothachaile air na h-atharraichidhean ann am bun-smuaintean
2 (money) iomlaid f
change v tr 1 atharraich, vn atharrachadh m. Capturing, storing, gaining access to, changing and interpreting information, a’ glacadh, a’ stòradh, a’ lorg, ag atharrachadh agus a’ breithneachadh fiosrachaidh
v i 2 expressed with thig plus caochladh air. How meanings develop and change, mar a bhitheas fàs agus caochladh a’ tighinn air brìgh fhaclan. The nature of that offered knowledge has also changed in recent practice, o chionn goirid tha caochladh air a thighinn air an dòigh anns a bheilear a’ tairgse an eòlais sin
3 atharraich, vn atharrachadh m.
changing a 1 caochlaideach. To examine how Gaelic culture should address the challenges of a changing world, beachdachadh air mar as còir do dhualchas na Gàidhlig aghaidh a chur air gach dùbhlan a tha saoghal caochlaideach a’ cur air
2 expressed with bi ag atharrachadh. Interviews with older people will give a picture of the changing nature of language, bheir còmhraidhean ri seann daoine dealbh dhuinn air mar a bhitheas cànain ag atharrachadh
changeable a 1 caochlaideach. Changeable weather, aimsir chaochlaideach
2 briste. Changeable weather, sìde bhrist
channel n 1 (broadcasting) sianal m, gen sianail, pl sianalan. These new channels will be received through the presently existing transmitters, gheibhear na sianalan ùra seo tro na croinn-sgaoilidh a tha againn an-dràsta
2 (of river, water) (a) amar m, gen amair, pl amaran, amraichean. The channel of the river, amar na h-aibhne
(b) cladhan m, gen & pl cladhain. The river has cut a channel there, tha an abhainn air cladhan a dhèanamh an siod. Abandoned channel, cladhan trèigte
3 caolas m, gen & pl caolais. The Channel Islands, Eileanan Chaolais Shasainn
chanter n (bagpipes) 1 feadan m, gen feadain, pl feadanan
2 seannsair m, pl seannsairean
chapter n caibideil f, pl caibideilean. A chapter from a novel, caibideil a-mach à nobhail
chapter heading n phr ceann-caibideil m, gen cinn-chaibideil, pl cinn-chaibideilean
character n 1 cliù m. She lost her character, chaill i a cliù
2 (theatre) (a) pearsa m, pl pearsachan. Show that they understand the following terms: character, setting the scene, a’ nochdadh gun tuig iad na faclan a leanas: pearsa, ullachadh-sgeòil. “Plot”, “dialogue”, “main character” and “conflict”, “plota”, “còmhradh”, “prìomh phearsa” agus “strì”. Perhaps a fictional or historical character, ’s dòcha pearsa à ficsean no à eachdraidh. Showing some appreciation of the differing viewpoints of characters, a’ nochdadh tuigse air na beachdan eadar-dhealaichte aig na pearsachan. Stories and dramas will have more characters, bidh am barrachd phearsachan anns na stòiridhean agus anns an drama.
(b) expressed by na tha a’ gabhail pàirt. Respond in a way that shows some appreciation of the differing viewpoints of characters, a’ freagairt ann an dòigh a tha a’ nochdadh breithneachadh air diofar bharail na tha a’ gabhail pàirt
3 (familiar) (a) expressed with duine or boireannach. He (she) was a fine character, ’s e duine (boireannach) gasda a bha ann
(b) Gàidheal m, gen & pl Gàidheil. What characters they were, ’s e fìor Ghàidheil a bha annta
(c) caractar m, gen caractair, pl caractaran. What characters they were, ’s e fìor charactaran a bha annta
4 litir f, gen litreach, pl litrichean. Phonetic characters, litrichean fogharach
main character n phr prìomh-phearsa m
character mod phearsachan. Sections of text showing character relationships, earrainnean teacsa a tha a’ nochdadh dàimh phearsachan. In character development, ann am fàs phearsachan
characterisation n carachtrachd f
characterise v tr comharraich, vn comharrachadh m
characteristic n 1 comas m, gen comais, pl comasan. It is likely that such pupils will demonstrate some or all of the following characteristics, bidh dùil gun nochd a leithid seo de chloinn cuid de na comasan a leanas, no a h-uile gin diubh
2 feart m, pl feartan. It has these characteristics, tha na feartan seo aige
characteristic a fìor-shamhlachail. The second verse describes the characteristic virtues of a chief, tha an dara rann ag innse buadhan fìor-shamhlachail cinn-cinnidh
charcoal n gual-fiodha m, gen guail-fhiodha
charge n 1 (court) casaid f, pl casaidean. He was found guilty of two charges, chaidh fhaighinn ciontach de dhà chasaid
2 (electricity) luchd m, gen luchda, pl luchdan
in charge adv phr air ceann ghnothaichean. Who is in charge here? cò a tha air ceann ghnothaichean an seo?
in charge of prep phr air ceann (plus gen). Should public swimming-pools be used, the person in charge of the pre-school must contact the manager of the facility prior to the visit, ma thèid amaran-snàimh poblach a chur am feum, feumaidh an neach a tha air ceann na ro-sgoile brath a leigeil air manaidsear a’ ghoireis mus bithear a’ tadhal air
charge v tr 1 (a) cuir, vn cur m (for, airson, or mu choinneimh). I don’t know what they charge for that, chan eil fhios agam dè tha iad a’ cur airson sin. They are charging too much for it, tha iad a’ cur cus ma choinneimh. cals are charged at local rate, tha cosgais bhrathan-fòn air an cur aig ìre ionadail
(b) cuir suim, vn cur suime. As the paper costs 20 pence per sheet from the suppliers we have to charge for the translations, seach gu bheil am pàipear a’ cosg 20 sgillinn an duilleag bho na solaraichean feumaidh sinn suim a chur mu choinneimh nan eadar-theangachaidhean
(c) cuir mu choinneimh, vn cur mu choinneimh. Calls will be charged at local rate, thèid cur mu choinneimh nam brathan-fòn aig ìre ionadail
2 (a) cuir air, vn cur air. He did not charge them much for it, cha do chuir e mòran orra air a shon
(b) cuir airgead air, vn cur airgid air. They were not charging the customer for this service, cha robh iad a’ cur airgid air na custamairean airson na seirbheis seo
charged with prep phr (court) fo chasaid (gu). Charged with stealing a car, fo chasaid gun do ghoid e càr
chart n 1 (a) cairt f, gen cairte, pl cairtean. A weather chart, cairt shìde. Television weather charts, cairtean sìde telebhisein
(b) (nautical) cairt-mara f, pl cairtean-mara
2 clàr m, gen clàir, pl clàir, clàran. Write the names under the right headings on your chart, sgrìobh na h-ainmean fo na cinn chearta air a’ chlàr agad
chart v tr faigh iùil, vn faighinn iùil. A set of co-ordinates with which the teacher can chart a pupil’s progress, cunntas cho-chomharran leis am faigh an tidsear iùil air adhartas pàiste
charter n còir-fearainn f, gen còire-fearainn, pl còraichean-fearainn. A charter under the great seal, còir-fearainn fon t-seula mhòr
chasm n an-sgàineadh m, gen an-sgàinidh, pl an-sgàinidhean
chat v i bi a’ cabadaich. They were chatting together, bha iad a’ cabadaich còmhla
chatter v i 1 dèan cabaireachd, vn dèanamh cabaireachd. They were chattering, bha iad a’ dèanamh cabaireachd
2 bi a’ snagardaich. My teeth are chattering, tha m’fhiaclan a’ snagardaich
3 expressed with crith-snagadan m. My teeth are chattering, tha crith-snagadan orm
check n (textiles) aodach m seic, gen aodaich seic
check mod seic. A check shirt, lèine seic. He always wore a check jacket, bhitheadh e daonnan agus seacaid seic air
check n expressed with dearbh, vn dearbhadh m. Checks on premises will include the following points, am measg na thèid a dhearbhadh a thaobh thogalaichean bithidh na nithean a leanas
make checks v phr cuir dearbhadh, vn cur dearbhaidh. Staff should make regular safety checks on equipment, is còir do luchd-obrach a bhith a’ cur dearbhaidh a thaobh sàbhailteachd air an uidheamachd gu cunbhalach
check v tr 1 dearbh, vn dearbhadh m. Look, cover, write, check is one example from several, tha seall, còmhdaich, sgrìobh, dearbh na aon eisimpleir a-mach à grunnan
2 dèan dearbhadh air, vn dèanamh dearbhaidh air. Pupils can check and correct spellings, faodaidh am pàiste dearbhadh is ceartachadh a dhèanamh air litreachadh. All premises will be checked to ensure that they are suitable, thèid dearbhadh a dhèanamh air na togalaichean air fad gus dèanamh cinnteach gu bheil iad freagarrach. All insurance should be checked regarding appropriate cover, is còir dearbhadh a dhèanamh air an àrachas air fad a thaobh a bheil urras freagarrach ann
3 cuir dearbhadh air, vn cur dearbhaidh air
4 cùm sùil, vn cumail sùil. Checking punctuation, linkage and organisation will be part of the process of re-drafting, bithear a’ cumail sùil air pungadh, ceangal agus rian mar phàirt den ath-dhreachdadh
checking n expressed with a bhith a’ cur dearbhaidh air. The routine checking of spelling at the end of drafting should be actively promoted, tha còir làn bhrosnachadh a dhèanamh air a bhith a’ cur dearbhaidh air litreachadh gu cunbhalach aig deireadh dreachdaidh
checker n expressed with dearbh, vn dearbhadh m. Personal banks can be drawn up and learned with a partner as checker, faodar tasgadh pearsanta a dhèanamh agus ionnsachadh, le pàiste eile ga dhearbhadh
checklist n liosta-dearbhaidh m, pl liostachan-dearbhaidh. Pupils and teacher can agree on a checklist or grid which will be used for noting and recording observations, faodaidh an tidsear agus a’ chlann aontachadh air liosta-dearbhaidh no air clèith a bhithear a’ cleachdadh gu bhith a’ gabhail cunntais air beachdan
check-out n (till) 1 àite-pàighidh m, pl àiteachan-pàighidh
2 cunntair m pàighidh, gen cunntair phàighidh, pl cunntairean pàighidh
cheek n (impudence) expressed with aghaidh f. What a cheek you have! ’s ann ort a tha an aghaidh!
cheeky a bragail, comp bragaile
cheep n 1 bìog f, gen bìoga, pl bìogan
2 bìd m, gen bìde, pl bìdean
cheep v i bìog, vn bìogail f; or bìg, vn bìgeil
cheeping n 1 bìogail f, bìgeil f
2 bìgeadaich f
cheerful a 1 aighearach, comp aighearaich
2 ait, comp aite
chemical n ceimig f, pl ceimigean. There are chemicals in coal which are used to make many kinds of things, tha ceimigean ann an gual a bhithear a’ cleachdadh gus rudan de dh’iomadh seòrsa a dhèanamh. Staff must wear appropriate protective clothing when handling strong disinfectants and chemicals, feumaidh an luchd-obrach aodach dìonach iomchaidh a bhith orra an uair a bhitheas iad a’ làimhseachadh dhì-ghalarain làidir agus cheimigean
chemical a ceimigeach. Chemical reaction, iom-obrachadh ceimigeach
chemical fertiliser n phr mathachadh m ceimigeach, gen mathachaidh cheimigich, pl mathachaidhean ceimigeach
2 (familiar) todhar m gallda, gen todhair ghallda
chemist n ceimigeir m, pl ceimigeirean. At the chemist’s (shop), aig bùth a’ cheimigeir
chemistry n ceimig f
2 ceimigeachd f
chess n 1 fidhcheall m, gen fidhchill
2 feòirne m
chess-man n 1 fear-fidhchill m, gen & pl fir-fhidhchill
2 fear-feòirne m, gen & pl fir-fheòirne
chest n 1 broilleach m, gen broillich, pl broillichean
2 cliabh m, gen & pl clèibh
3 ciste f, pl cisteachan
Cheviot n (Cheviot sheep) caora f mhaol, gen caorach maoile, pl caoraich mhaola, caoirich mhaola, gen pl caorach maola
Cheviot ewe n phr caora f mhaol, gen caorach maoile, pl caoraich mhaola, caoirich mhaola, gen pl caorach maola. The land currently supports a stock of 200 Cheviot ewes, an ceartuair tha stoc de 200 caora mhaol air an talamh
Cheviot ram n phr reithe m maol, gen reithe mhaoil, pl reitheachan maola
chickenpox n a’ breac-òtraich f, gen na brice-òtraich
chief n 1 ceannard m, gen ceannaird, pl ceannardan
2 ceann-feadhna m, gen & pl cinn-fheadhna
3 ceann-fine m, gen & pl cinn-fhine
4 ceann-cinnidh m, gen & pl cinn-chinnidh
chieftainship n ceannas m, gen ceannais. Alasdair Dubh had the chieftainship of the Glengarry people before 1689, bha Alasdair Dubh an ceannas nan Garannach ro 1689
chilblain n mealla-crìon m, pl meallan-crìona
child n 1 neach-cloinne m
2 pàiste m. The child’s experience of family, fiosrachadh a’ phàiste air a theaghlach
3 leanabh m, gen leanaibh, pl leanabhan
children n pl clann f, gen cloinne, dat cloinn. The text may be, for example, a poem, an illustrated page from a children’s book, or a spoken message, mar eisimpleirean de theacsaichean tha dàn, duilleag le dealbh bho leabhar chloinne, no teachdaireachd bheòil. Three children, triùir chloinne. Thirteen children, trì pearsachan deug cloinne
chilly a grìseil. It’s chilly, tha i grìseil (fuar)
2 expressed with grìs f. I’m feeling chilly, tha grìs orm
China pr n Sìona f
Chinese pr n 1 Sìonach m, gen & pl Sìonaich
2 (language) Sìonais f
chip n sliseag f, gen sliseig, pl sliseagan
chiromancy n deàrnadaireachd f
chiropractice n làmh-leigheas m, gen làmh-leighis
chirp n bìog f, gen bìoga, pl bìogan
chirp v i bi a’ bìogail
chisel n geilb f, pl geilbean. Cold chisel, geilb fhuar. Mortice chisel, geilb-thollaidh
chlorination n clòirineachadh m, gen clòirineachaidh
chlorine n clòirin m. Chlorine gas, gas clòirin
chlorophyll n cloraifil f, clorofail f
chocolate n teòclaid f, pl teòclaidean
chocolate biscuit n phr briosgaid f theòclaid, gen briosgaid teòclaid, pl briosgaidean teòclaid. A packet of chocolate biscuits, pacaid bhriosgaidean teòclaid
choice n 1 roghainn f, pl roghainnean. If you had the choice, nam bitheadh an roghainn agad. Parents are exercising choice in support of current initiatives, tha pàrantan a’ cur taice, le roghainn, ris na h-iomairtean a tha a’ dol. Show that they can make a choice or decision based upon what has been heard, a’ nochdadh gun tèid aca air roghainn no co-dhùnadh a dhèanamh air bhonn na chualas. Texts containing information on which they have to make decisions and choices, teacsaichean anns a bheil fiosrachadh a dh’fheumas iad co-dhùnadh no roghainn a dhèanamh mu dheidhinn. Growing independence in the analysis of the choices that have to be made, fàs ann an neo-eisimeileachd ann an eadar-sgaradh air na roghainnean a dh’fheumar a dhèanamh. Media education empowers pupils to make their own choices, tha oideachadh mu na meadhain a’ toirt cothroim do chloinn an cuid roghainn fhèin a dhèanamh
2 expressed with dèan roghainn, vn dèanamh roghainn. By providing regular opportunities for choice about the content of their learning, le cothrom a thoirt dhaibh gu cunbhalach roghainn a dhèanamh anns na tha iad ag ionnsachadh
3 taghadh m, gen taghaidh, pl taghaidhean. They will be expected to make choices, bithear a’ sùileachadh orra gun dèan iad taghaidhean. Pupil tastes and choice will be developed by discussion, gheibh roghainnean agus taghadh chloinne cothrom fàis le beachdachadh. Pupil tastes and choice will be developed by being encouraged to justify preferences and choices, gheibh roghainnean agus taghadh chloinne cothrom fàis le bhith air am misneachadh gu roghainnean agus taghaidhean a dhearbhadh. Appropriateness of theme is a main criterion for choice of text, ’s e prìomh chomharra-stiùiridh air taghadh teacsa freagarrachd a’ chuspair. They should consider whether the text is accessible in choice of language, tha còir aca beachdachadh air co-dhiùbh a tha an teacsa so-ruigsinn a thaobh taghadh cànain
4 expressed with a bhith a’ taghadh. Pupils will have a greater autonomy in the choice of topic to be explored, bidh barrachd ùghdarrais aig a’ chloinn ann a bhith a’ taghadh cuspair gus a rannsachadh
5 expressed with mar a thaghas. The combination of purpose, form and readership will influence pupils’ choice of appropriate language, bidh buaidh aig adhbhar, cumadh agus luchd-amais, an co-bhonn ri chèile, air mar a thaghas a’ chlann cànain iomchaidh
cholesterol n coileastarail f
choose v tr 1 tagh, vn taghadh m. Non-fiction should be carefully chosen, tha còir leabhraichean a bharrachd air ficsean a thaghadh gu faiceallach. Both text and task are chosen so that all pupils will be capable of dealing with them, taghar an dà chuid teacsa agus dreuchd gus gun tèid aig a’ chloinn air fad air an làimhseachadh. It is not, however, the business of media education to choose one view at the expense of another, ach cha bhuin e do dh’oideachadh mu na meadhain a bhith a’ taghadh aon seallaidh ’s a’ cur sìos air fear eile
2 roghnaich, vn roghnachadh m
3 dèan roghainn, vn dèanamh roghainn. Pupils’ ability to choose a style appropriate to purpose and audience, comas na cloinne roghainn a dhèanamh air stoidhle a bhitheas a’ freagairt air adhbhar agus air luchd-amais
chosen a a chaidh a thaghadh. Pupils will use some of the conventions of a chosen literary form, bidh a’ chlann a’ cur an gnìomh cuid de chleachdaidhean a bhuineas do mhodh litreachail a chaidh a thaghadh
chorus n (of song) fonn m, gen & pl fuinn. This song does not have a chorus, chan eil fonn air an òran seo. In the chorus and in verse 2 the second stress comes on the penultimate syllable, anns an fhonn agus ann an rann 2 tha an dara cudthrom a’ tighinn air an lide leth-dheireannach
chronological a 1 expressed with (anns an òrdugh) anns an do thachair. Events may be set out in chronological order, faodar tachartasan a chur a-mach anns an òrdugh anns an do thachair iad
2 expressed with mar a tha … a’ tachairt. As events in chronological order, mar thachartasan ann an òrdugh mar a tha iad a’ tachairt
3 expressed with a-rèir eachdraidh. In chronological order, ann an òrdugh a-rèir eachdraidh
chrysalis n 1 criosalaid f, pl criosalaidean
2 cochall m, gen & pl cochaill
church n eaglais. Church with spire, eaglais le stìopall. Church with tower, eaglais le tùr
cider n lionn-ubhal m
cinder n guaillean m, gen guaillein, pl guailleanan
cinema n taigh-dhealbh m, pl taighean-dhealbh. Which photograph shows a cinema? dè an dealbh-chamara a tha a’ sealltainn taigh-dhealbh?
circle n cearcall m, gen cearcaill, pl cearcaill and cearcallan. The roundhouses survive as low circles of stone or earth, tha na taighean-cruinne air mhaireann nan cearcaill ìosal de chloich no de dh’fhàl
circle mod cearcaill. Circle faces, aodainn chearcaill
circle v tr & i rach timcheall or mun cuairt, vn dol timcheall or mu cuairt
circling a cuairteagach
circlet n buaileag f, pl buaileagan
circuit n (electric) cuairt f, pl cuairtean. Electric circuit, cuairt dhealain
circuit mod cuairt
circuit breaker n phr cuairt-spealtair m, pl cuairt-spealtairean
circular n cuairtlitir f. They advise 20% of class time for enrichment and pupil choice, tha iad a’ comhairleachadh 20% den ùine anns a’ chlas a thoirt do leudachadh foghlaim agus do roghainn na cloinne
circular a cearcallach
circulate v i cuairtich, vn cuairteachadh m. Those rumours are in fact circulating, tha na fathannan sin a’ cuairteachadh gun teagamh
circulation n cuartachadh m, gen cuartachaidh. Blood circulation, cuartachadh fala. Circulation of air, cuartachadh èadhair
circumference n 1 cearcall-thomhas m, gen cearcall-thomhais, pl cearcall-thomhasan
2 uimeastar m, gen uimeastair, pl uimeastaran
circumnavigate v tr iom-sheòl, vn iom-sheòladh m
circumstance 1 suidheachadh m, pl suidhichidhean. Regardless of physical or social circumstances, ge b’e air bith dè an suidheachadh corparra no sòisealta anns a bheil iad. Taking into account local circumstances, a’ gabhail ealla ri suidhichidhean na sgìre. In some circumstances, ann an cuid a shuidhichidhean. Those whose experience of Gaelic is set within less favourable social circumstances, iadsan a tha a’ faighinn eòlais air a’ Ghàidhlig ann an suidhichidhean sòisealta nach eil cho fàbharach
2 cùis f, pl cùisean. As well as particular local circumstances, a thuilleadh air cùisean ionadail sònraichte
circus n soirceas m, gen soirceis, pl soirceasan
cirrhosis n 1 ciorois f
2 caitheamh f. Cirrhosis of the liver, caitheamh a’ ghruthain
cirrocumulus n cirrocumulus m
cirrocumulus mod cirrocumulus. Cirrocumulus cloud, sgòth cirrocumulus
cirrostratus n cirrostratus m
cirrostratus mod cirrostratus. Cirrostratus cloud, sgòth cirrostratus
cirrus n cirrus m
cirrus mod cirrus. Cirrus cloud, sgòth cirrus
cistern n sisteal m, gen sisteil, pl sistealan. Storage cisterns, sistealan-stòraidh
citrus n siotras m, gen siotrais
citrus mod siotrais. Citrus fruits, measan siotrais
city n 1 cathair f, gen cathrach, pl cathraichean
2 baile-mòr m, gen baile-mhòir, pl bailtean-mòra
• mòr-bhaile m, gen mòr-bhaile, pl mòr-bhailtean
inner city area n phr staigh-bhaile m, pl staigh-bhailtean
cityscape n sealladh m a’ bhaile mhòir, pl seallaidhean a’ bhaile mhòir. The local environment, including cityscapes, an àrainneachd ionadail agus sin a’ cunntadh seallaidhean a’ bhaile mhòir
civil a sìobhalta. Civil servant, seirbhiseach sìobhalta. Civil war, cogadh sìobhalta
civilian n sìobhaltach m, gen & pl sìobhaltaich
civilian a sìobhalta
civilisation n sìobhaltas f, gen sìobhaltais, pl sìobhaltasan
civilise v tr 1 thoir gu sìobhaltas, vn toirt gu sìobhaltas
2 siobhailich, vn sìobhalachadh m
civilised a 1 sìobhalaichte
2 air toirt gu sìobhaltas
civilising a a bheir gu sìobhaltas
civility n sìobhaltachd f
clad v tr còmhdaich, vn comhdach m
cladding n còmhdach m, gen còmhdaich, pl còmhdaichean
claim v tr 1 tagair, vn tagairt f, tagradh m. One cannot make much sense of line c unless one claims that there is stress on the first syllable of the line, cha dèanar mòr chiall de shreath c gun a bhith a’ tagradh gu bheil cudthrom air a’ chiad lide den t-sreath
2 agair, vn agairt f
clamp n glamaire m, pl glamairean. Tube clamp, glamaire tiuba
clan n cinneadh m, gen cinnidh, pl cinnidhean
clan mod cinnidh. The clan papers prove that this is so, tha pàipearan a’ chinnidh a’ dearbhadh gur e seo a’ chùis
clansman n fear-cinnidh m, pl luchd-cinnidh
clap n bas-bhualadh m, gen bas-bhualaidh, pl bas-bhualaidhean
clap v i bas-bhuail, vn bas-bhualadh m
clapping n bas-bhualadh m, gen bas-bhualaidh
clarification n soilleireachadh m, gen soilleireachaidh
clarify v tr 1 soilleirich, vn soilleireachadh m. To present, share, clarify and reflect on ideas, gus smaointean a chur an cèill, a cho-phàirteachadh ’s a shoilleireachadh, agus gus cnuasachadh orra. But rather clarifying the aims and objectives for the whole class, ach a’ soilleireachadh chuimsean agus amasan don chlas air fad. Where these help to clarify meaning, far a bheil iad sin a’ cuideachadh gus brìgh a shoilleireachadh
2 dèan soilleireachadh air, vn dèanamh soilleireachaidh air. The stages in the development of each component have been clarified, rinneadh soilleireachadh air na ceumannan ann am fàs gach earrainn fa leth
3 cuir solas air, vn cur solais air. Group discussion of first draft can help clarify effectiveness, faodaidh beachdachadh-buidhne aig àm a’ chiad dhreachd cuideachadh gus solas a chuir air èifeachd
clarinet n clàirneid f, pl clàirneidean
clarity n 1 soilleireachd f. Teachers should provide straightforward fiction of manageable length, style and clarity of print, tha còir aig tidsearan ficsean sìmplidh fhaotainn daibh a bhitheas nan comas a chleachdadh a thaobh faid, stoidhle agus soilleireachd clò
2 expressed with soilleir a. Clarity and calmness of delivery, lìobhraigeadh soilleir, socair. In Talking, clarity of speech would be taken into account, ann an Labhairt bheirte a-staigh labhairt shoilleir. The reason for poor voice production in talking is the pupil’s lack of clarity about what to say, ’s e as adhbhar do chion comas labhairt nach eil am pàiste soilleir mu dè their e
class n clas m, gen clasa, pl clasaichean. Pupils entering Gaelic medium classes, clann a tha a’ dol a-staigh ann an clasaichean tro Ghàidhlig. Talk to a group or class, a’ labhairt ri buidhinn no ri clas. We believe that no family should be excluded from the group’s activities on the grounds of class, family status or means, tha sinn a’ creidsinn nach bu chòir gum bitheadh teaghlach sam bith air an dùnadh a-mach bho ghnìomhan na buidhne mar thoradh air clas, inbhe theaghlaich, no maoin
class mod 1 clasa. A class text can be discussed between teacher and class, faodar beachdachadh air teacsa clasa eadar an tidsear agus an clas. By helping to make their own class books, le bhith a’ cuideachadh le bhith a’ dèanamh an cuid leabhraichean-clasa fhèin. Writing for class magazines, a’ sgrìobhadh airson irisean clasa
2 anns a’ chlas. Both documents advise an additional 20% of class time, tha gach pàipear dhiubh sin a’ comhairleachadh, a bhàrr air seo, 20% den ùine anns a’ chlas. Class debates could offer more formal contexts, dh’fhaodadh deasbadan anns a’ chlas suidhichidhean na b’fhoirmeile a thoirt seachad. Reading aloud should be an every-day class activity, tha còir aig leughadh a-mach a bhith a’ dol gu làitheil anns a’ chlas
3 a’ chlas. The class teacher, tidsear a’ chlas. The process of reading and discussion can be developed by use of class library, faodar fàs a thoirt air leughadh agus air beachdachadh le bhith a’ cleachdadh leabharlann a’ chlas
4 expressed with mar chlas. Which will permit individual, group and class learning, a bheir cothrom dhaibh a bhith ag ionnsachadh mar aon, mar bhuidhinn agus mar chlas
5 expressed with le clas. Such work can be group/class/teacher discussion, faodaidh obair den t-seòrsa seo gabhail a-steach beachdachadh le buidhinn/clas/tidsear
class teacher n phr tidsear-clasa m, gen tidseir-chlasa, pl tidsearan-clasa. Staff development for class teachers, leasachadh air an oideachadh do thidsearan-clasa
classical n clasaigeach. Classical music, ceòl clasaigeach
classification n seòrsadh m, gen seòrsaidh, pl seòrsaidhean
• seòrsachadh m, gen seòrsachaidh, pl seòrsachaidhean
classify v tr sèors, vn seòrsadh m. Classifying, a’ seòrsadh
classmate n 1 neach eile anns a’ chlas, pl feadhainn eile anns a’ chlas. To allow them to hear, watch and reflect upon what they themselves and their classmates have said, gus cothrom fhaighinn air a bhith ag èisteachd, a’ coimhead agus a’ cnuasachadh air na thuirt iad fhèin agus feadhainn eile anns a’ chlas
2 pl expressed with càch anns a’ chlas. By comparing their reactions to those of classmates, le bhith a’ coimeas am beachdan fhèin ri beachdan chàich anns a’ chlas. It will be essential that the pupil or pupils work with other classmates, bidh e do-sheachnaichte gum bi am pàiste no na pàistean ag obair còmhla ri càch anns a’ chlas
3 expressed with anns an aon chlas. Use of volunteers, auxiliaries and Gaelic-speaking classmates will help to augment the teacher’s input, bidh luchd-cuideachaidh saor-thoileach agus feadhainn a tha air am fastadh agus clann le Gàidhlig a tha anns an aon chlas a’ cuideachadh le bhith a’ cur ris na tha an tidsear a’ dèanamh
4 expressed with co-aoisean. They will have regular practice in listening to their classmates’ news, bidh cothrom cunbhalach aca air a bhith ag èisteachd ri naidheachdan an co-aoisean. Talks and interviews given by classmates and visiting adults, òraidean is agallamhan o cho-aoisean no o inbhich a bhitheas a’ tadhal
classroom n 1 rum-teagaisg m, gen ruim-theagaisg. In the classroom, san rum-theagaisg. To communicate in social interaction and classroom routines, conaltradh a dhèanamh ann an co-luadar sòisealta agus ann an obair làitheil an ruim-theagaisg
2 (a) clas m. In the Gaelic language classroom, ann an clas cànain na Gàidhlig
(b) clasrum m, gen clasruim. Classroom resources, goireasan clasruim
classroom mod 1 expressed with anns a’ chlas. As an integral part of classroom learning and teaching, mar làn phàirt de dh’ionnsachadh agus de theagasg anns a’ chlas. Classroom activities and situations, gnìomhan agus suidhichidhean anns a’ chlas
2 anns an rùm-theagaisg. Ensure that pupils encounter a range of teaching styles and classroom organisations, dèanamh cinnteach gum fiosraich a’ chlann caochladh dhòighean teagaisg agus dhòighean rianachd anns an rùm-theagaisg
classwork n obair f a’ chlas. In the context of their classwork, ann an suidheachadh obair a’ chlas. Integration and contextualisation within classwork, obair a’ chlas a bhith co-òrdaichte agus ceangailte ri suidhichidhean
clause n clàs m, pl clàsan. Conditional clause, clàs cumhach. Principal clause, prìomh-chlàs. Subordinate clause, clàs fo-inbheach
claw n 1 ìne f, pl ìnean
2 spòg f, gen spòige, pl spògan
claw hammer n phr òrd-ladhrach m, gen ùird-ladhraich, pl ùird-ladhrach
clay n crèadh f, gen crèadha, crèadhadh. Baked clay, crèadh bheucaichte
• (ooze on shore) làthach f, gen làthaich
clayey n crèadhach
clean v tr glan, vn glanadh m
cleaning a glanaidh. Cleaning plant, acfhainn-ghlanaidh. Cleaning materials, stuthan glanaidh
cleanliness n glaine f. All equipment should reach high standards of hygiene and cleanliness, is còir don uidheamachd air fad ìre àrd a ruighinn a thaobh slàinteachais agus glàine
clear a 1 (a) soilleir. Clear guidance, stiùireadh soilleir. Show that they can use at least the following terms: quick, clear, voice, a’ nochdadh gun cuir iad gu feum, air a’ char as lugha, na faclan a leanas: luath, soilleir, guth. No clear separation can be made between the four outcomes, cha ghabh sgaradh soilleir a dhèanamh eadar na ceithir builean. To make their meaning clear, gus dèanamh soilleir dè tha iad a’ ciallachadh. An agreed policy statement helps ensure that everyone is clear about what they are trying to achieve, tha aithris poileasaidh aontaichte a’ cur ri cinnt gu bheil an ceann-uidhe air am bheil iad a’ feuchainn ri ruigheachd soilleir do gach neach
(b) expressed with gu soilleir. Pupils will give a clear account of a personal experience, bidh a’ chlann a’ dèanamh cunntais gu soilleir air fiosrachadh pearsanta
2 trìd-shoilleir. Clear jelly, ladhragan trìd-shoilleir
clearly adv 1 (a) gu soilleir. A framework is needed, clearly establishing the most important features of this curricular area, tha feum air beairt a stèidhicheas gu soilleir na nithean as cudthromaiche a tha a’ buntainn ris a’ chlàr-theagaisg seo. Talk clearly and audibly, a’ labhairt gu soilleir gus gun cluinnear iad. Set out completed work clearly and attractively, a’ cur obair a tha air a crìochnachadh air dòigh gu soilleir agus le dreach tarraingeach
(b) expressed with soilleir a. An assessment should clearly relate to the particular purpose of the talk or writing, tha còir aig measadh a bhith ann an dàimh shoilleir ri adhbhar sònraichte a’ ghnìomha, eadar labhairt is sgrìobhadh
(c) expressed with tha e soilleir gu. Clearly, the more able the pupil the greater become the opportunities for such assessment, tha e soilleir mar as comasaiche am pàiste gur ann as motha an cothrom air a leithid sin de mheasadh. The flat land by the river has clearly been cultivated in the past, tha e soilleir gun deach an talamh còmhnard mun abhainn àiteach san àm a chaidh seachad
2 (a) gu follaiseach. This secondary stress is clearly less than the two main stresses between which it occurs, tha an darnacha cudthrom seo gu follaiseach nas lugha na an dà phrìomh chudthrom eadar a bheil e a’ tachairt
(b) expressed with follaiseach a. They should be faced with tasks which clearly demand the use of a variety of styles, tha còir obair a chur fan comhair a bhitheas a’ cur uallaich fhollaisich orra gus caochladh stoidhlichean a chur an greim
clear v tr 1 glan, vn glanadh m. The mound of stones cleared nearby shows that this place was once cultivated, tha an càrn de chlachan a chaidh a ghlanadh bhon talamh faisg air làimh na chomharra air gun robhar ag àiteach an àite seo uaireigin
2 dèan falamh, vn dèanamh falamh. You have cleared your plate, tha thu air do thruinnsear a dhèanamh falamh
3 (clear land of trees) fosgail, vn fosgladh m
4 (evict people from land) expressed with fuadaich, vn fuadachadh m or fuadach m. The village was cleared in 1850, chaidh an sluagh fhuadachadh às a’ bhaile ann an 1850. The land beside the river was cleared of people apart from the shepherd, chaidh an sluagh fhuadach às an fhearann ri taobh na h-aibhne, ach an cìobair a-mhàin
clear up v i phr (weather) soilleirich, vn soilleireachadh m. The day is clearing up now, tha an latha a’ soilleireachadh a-nis
clearance n rèite f. Any staff member who contracts a persistant cough or respiratory infection must withdraw and, if necessary, seek medical clearance before returning to work, ma thogas neach sam bith den luchd-obrach casad leanailteach no gabhaltachd analach feumaidh i/e tarraing a-mach agus, ma bhitheas e riatanach, rèite mheidigeach a shireadh mus tillear gu obair
clearances n pl fuadaichean f pl
cleft n 1 sgoltadh m, gen sgoltaidh, pl sgoltaidhean
2 fròg f, gen fròige, pl frògan
client n neach-dèiligidh, pl luchd-dèiligidh
cliff n 1 (rocky) creag f, gen creige, pl creagan. The (rocky) sea-cliffs, creagan na mara
2 (grassy bank) bruach f, gen bruaiche, pl bruachan. The (grassy) sea-cliffs, na bruachan ri taobh na mara
3 bearradh m, gen bearraidh. The river cliff, bearradh na h-aibhne
climate n 1 clìomaid f, pl clìomaidean. At that time Scotland enjoyed a rather warm, humid climate, aig an àm ud clìomaid gu math blàth, tais ann an Alba
2 gnàth-shìde f, pl gnàth-shìdean
3 suidheachadh m. The teacher must create a climate in which all feel confident, feumaidh an tidsear suidheachadh a chruthachadh anns am bi gach neach a’ faireachdainn misneachail
climate change n phr atharrachadh m clìomaid, gen atharrachaidh chlìomaid, atharrachaidhean clìomaid
• atharrachadh m gnàth-thìde, gen atharrachaidh ghnàth-shìde
climate graph n phr graf-aimsir m, pl grafan-aimsir
• graf m gnàth-shìde, pl grafan gnàth-shìde
climatic a 1 sa chlìomaid. Climatic change, atharrachadh sa chlìomaid
2 clìomaid. Climatic change, atharrachadh clìomaid
climax n 1 (grammar) asgnadh m, gen asgnaidh, pl asgnaidhean
2 (familiar) àirde f
climb v tr & i 1 (a) dìrich, vn dìreadh m
(b) dìrich ri, vn dìreadh ri. This involves climbing back up the ridge of the hill, tha seo a’ ciallachadh a bhith a’ dìreadh an àirde ris an druim a-rithist
2 streap, vn streap m
climbing n 1 streap m
2 expressed with a bhith a’ streap. No climbing, standing or sitting on the tables in the group, cha cheadaichear a bhith a’ streap air na bùird, a bhith a’ seasamh orra no a’ suidhe orra sa bhuidhinn
climbing mod streap. Appropriate safety mats must be provided under all indoor climbing equipment, feumaidh bratan-ùrlair sàbhailteachd iomchaidh a bhith ann fon uidheamachd-streap a-staigh air fad
climbing frame n phr frèama-streap m pl frèamaichean-streap. Children using climbing frames must be closely supervised, feumar sùil mhionaideach a chumail air cloinn a tha a’ cleachdadh fhreamaichean-streap
clip n 1 cromag f, gen cromaig, pl cromagan. Crocodile clips, cromagan crogaill
2 cliopa m, pl cliopaichean. Paper-clips, cliopaichean-pàipeir
clip v tr beàrr, vn bearradh m
cloak n cleòca m, pl cleòcan, cleòcannan
clock n gleoc m, pl gleocaichean. Grandfather clock, gleoc-àrd. The clock is slow just now, tha an gleoc air dheireadh an-dràsta
clockwise a deiseil, comp deiseala
clod n ploc m, gen & pl pluic
clog v tr stop, vn stopadh m
clogged a stopte
cloisters n pl clabhstair m
clone n clòn m, pl clònan
clone v tr clòn, vn clònadh m. The process by which they cloned the sheep, an dòigh anns an do chlòn iad a’ chaora
close n
bring to a close v phr 1 thoir gu crìoch, vn toirt gu crìoch
2 cuir crìoch air, vn cur crìche air
close n (in tenement) clobhsa
close a 1 faisg
2 geur. Close attention, geur aire. Pay close attention at other, more important times, aig amannan eile, a tha nas cudthromaiche, a bhith a’ toirt geur aire. Occasional procedures which enable the teacher to take a closer look at progress and needs, iomairtean o àm gu àm a bheir cothrom don tidsear sùil nas gèire thoirt air adhartas agus air feuman
3 mionaideach. After close reading and discussion, an uair a tha leughadh mionaideach agus beachdachadh seachad
4 dlùth preceding n. The recommended policy is to encourage close liaison with health visitors, ’s e am poileasaidh a thathar a’ moladh a bhith ag àrach dlùth cheangail ri luchd-tadhail slàinte
5 (grammar) dùinte. Close vowel, fuaimreag dhùinte
closely adv 1 (a) gu mionaideach. The programmes of study are closely based on the attainment targets, tha na clàran oideachaidh air am bonntachadh gu mionaideach air na cuimsean coileanaidh
(b) expressed with mionaideach a. Children using climbing frames must be closely supervised, feumar sùil mhionaideach a chumail air cloinn a tha a’ cleachdadh fhreamaichean-streap
2 expressed with dlùth. To follow closely the line of an argument or explanation, gus a bhith a’ dlùth leantainn argamaid no mìneachaidh mar a tha iad a’ dol air adhart
close v tr & i dùin, vn dùnadh m
closed a dùinte
closet n clòsaid f, pl clòsaidean
close-up n dlùth-dhealbh m & f, gen dlùth-dheilbh, pl dlùth-dheilbh, dlùth-dhealbhan. The photograph shows a close-up of the school, tha an dealbh-chamara a’ sealltainn dlùth-dheilbh den sgoil
clot v tr & i binndich, vn binndeachadh m
cloth n aodach m, gen aodaich
clothe v tr
clothing n aodach m, gen aodaich
item, article of clothing n phr ball-aodaich m, gen & pl buill-aodaich
clothes n pl aodach m, gen aodaich, pl aodaichean. Clothes and fashion, aodaichean agus fasain
cloud n sgòth f, gen sgòtha, pl sgòthan. Cirrus cloud, sgòth cirrus
cloud mod sgòtha. Cloud cover, còmhdach sgòtha. Cloud layers, breathan sgòtha, or fillidhean sgòth. Cloud level, àirde sgòtha
cloudless a gun sgòth, gun sgòthan. A cloudless sky, iarmailt gun sgòth
cloudy a 1 sgòthach, comp sgòthaiche. It is cloudy today, tha e sgòthach an diugh
2 (of liquid) ceòthach. Cloudy water, uisge ceòthach
clove-scented a (botany) clòbh-bholtrach. Clove-scented broomrape, mùchag chlòbh-bholtrach
clover, red (Trifolium pratense) n 1 clòbhar m, gen clòbhair
2 seamrag f dhearg, pl seamragan dearga
clover, white (Trifolium repens) n 1 seamrag f (gheal), pl seamragan (geala). The field is full of white clover, tha an raon làn sheamragan
2 bainne-nan-each m. I fetched in some (white) clover flowers, thug mi a-steach flùraichean bainne-nan-each
clown n 1 tuaistear m, gen tuaisteir, pl tuaistearan
2 amadan m, gen & pl amadain
cloze procedure n phr lìonadh m bheàrnachan. Techniques such as cloze procedure, dòighean obrach mar tha lìonadh bheàrnachan
club n club m, pl clubaichean
club mod cluba
club-house, taigh-cluba m, pl taighean-cluba
clue n 1 comharradh m, gen comharraidh, pl comharraidhean. Seeking clues that suggest it is fact or fiction, a’ sireadh chomharraidhean gur e fìorsgeul no ficsean a tha ann
2 sanas m, gen sanais, pl sanasan. You can tell what each building is by looking for clues, ma choimhdeas tu airson sanasan bidh fhios agad dè a th’ anns gach togalach
3 tuairmse. Did you get any clue about what they were thinking? an d’fhuair sibh tuairmse sam bith air na bha iad a’ smaoineachadh
4 expressed with dearc v, vn dearcadh m. Clues to a wider world, dearcadh air saoghal nas fharsainge
clump n (trees) 1 doire m & f, pl doireachan
2 (a) bad m, gen baid, pl badan
(b) badan m, gen badain, pl badanan
cluster n 1 bagaid f, pl bagaidean
2 badan m, gen badain, pl badanan
3 còmhlan m, gen & pl còmhlain. Consonant cluster, còmhlan chonnrag
cluster v i
clustered a (botany) bagaideach. Clustered bellflower, flùr-cluigeanach bagaideach
coach n coidse f, pl coidsichean. Buses and coaches, busaichean agus coidsichean
coagulant n stuth-binndeachaidh m, pl stuthan-binndeachaidh
coagulate v tr & i binndich, vn binndeachadh m
coal n gual m, gen guail
coal mod guail
coal face n phr aghaidh f ghuail, gen aghaidh guail, pl aghaidhean guail.
coal field n phr raon m guail, gen raoin ghuail, pl raointean guail
coal mine n phr mèinn f ghuail, gen mèinne guail, pl mèinnean guail. Make a model of a coal mine, dèan modail de mhèinn ghuail
coal seam n phr sìoga m guail, gen sìoga ghuail, pl sìogan guail. One of the layers of rock is made of coal and is called a coal seam, tha aon de na breathan creige air a dèanamh de ghual aguus ’s e sìoga guail a chanar ris
coal tip, tòrr-guail m, gen torra-ghuail, pl torran-guail
coalition n aonachadh m, gen aonachaidh
coarse a garbh, comp gairbhe. The predominant vegetation on the slopes and hills is a mixture of heather and coarse grasses, ’s e an lusrach as cumanta air na sliosan agus air na mill ach measgachadh de fhraoch agus de sheòrsachan garbha de dh’fheur
coast n 1 oirthir f, pl oirthirean
2 costa m, pl costaichean
3 cladach m, gen cladaich, pl cladaichean
4 còrsa m
coastal a cladaich. Coastal arch, stuagh cladaich
coastguard n maor-cladaich m, gen & pl maoir-chladaich
coastline n cladach m
coax v tr breug, vn breugadh m
cochineal n càrnaid
cochlea n cochla f
cockadoodle-doo int gog-a-ghuidhe-ghaoidhe
cockatrice n 1 rìgh-nathair f, gen rìgh-nathrach, pl rìgh-nathraichean
2 basaileasg m, gen & pl basailisg
cockchafer n (Melolontha melolontha) 1 daolag-bhuidhe f, gen daolaig-buidhe, pl daolagan-buidhe
2 ceàrdabhan m Màighe, gen & pl ceàrdabhain Mhàighe
cocoa n còco m
coconut n cnò-chòco f, pl cnòthan-còco
cocoon n 1 cocùn m, gen cocùin, pl cocùnan
2 cochall m, gen & pl cochaill
code n còd m, pl còdan
code of practice n phr riaghailt-obrachaidh f
coercion n 1 co-èigneachadh m, gen co-èigneachaidh
2 expressed with co-èignich (slighe), vn co-èigneachadh (slighe). They are right in arguing that the overall aim should be facilitation rather than coercion, tha iad ceart ann a bhith ag agairt gur e bu chòir a bhith mar amas coitcheann ach an t-slighe a rèiteachadh, agus chan ann a cho-èigneachadh
co-exist v i thig beò làmh ri. Co-existing with other languages more dominant than they, a’ tighinn beò làmh ri cànainean a tha na treise na iad
cognate a dàimheil. Choose two words in the second line which are cognate, and show the connection between them, tagh dà fhacal anns an dara sreath a tha dàimheil, agus seall dè an ceangal a tha eatorra
cognitive a expressed with tuigse f. A cognitive grasp of quite sophisticated ideas and linguistic concepts, greim agus tuigse air bun-bheachdan agus air bun-smuaintean cànain a tha gu math adhartach
coherence n 1 co-thàthadh m. So as to ensure balance, progression and coherence for the programme as a whole, gus daingneachadh a dhèanamh air co-ionnanachd, leantainneachd agus co-thàthadh anns a’ phrògram air fad
2 expressed with cunbhalach a. To ensure balance, breadth, continuity, coherence and progression gus cùisean a dhèanamh da-rireabh cothromach, farsaing, leantainneach, cunbhalach agus adhartach
coherent a 1 ciallach. A coherent and progressive scheme, sgeama ciallach agus adhartach
2 òrdail. A coherent, continuous and challenging programme of work, prògram obrach a tha ro-leantainneach agus òrdail agus a tha gan cur gu dùbhlan
3 cunbhalach. It helps pupils’ learning to be coherent and progressive, tha i a’ cuidicheadh le ionnsachadh chloinne a dhèanamh cunbhalach agus adhartach
4 (a) dòigheil. Within a curriculum that is, so far as the pupil is concerned, coherent and meaningful, ann an clàr-teagaisg a tha, bho shealladh na cloinne, dòigheil agus brìoghmhor
(b) dòigheil, pongail. Pupils will give a succinct, coherent account of their experience of texts, bidh a’ chlann a’ toirt iomraidh ghoirid, dhòigheil, phongail air an cuid fiosrachaidh air teacsaichean
coil n roile f, pl roilichean. A coil of wire, roile uèir
coin n bonn m, gen & pl buinn. A pound coin, bonn not
coincidence n 1 co-thuiteamas m, pl co-thuiteamais, pl co-thuiteamasan
2 tuiteamas m, gen tuiteamais, pl tuiteamasan. Perhaps some of these rhymes occur through coincidence, but it is not likely that they all occur like this, dh’fhaodadh feadhainn de na comhardaidhean seo a bhith a’ tachairt le tuiteamas, ach chan eil e coltach gu bheil iad uile a’ tachairt mar seo
3 turchairt f, pl turchairtean. It can only be attributed to coincidence, chan urrainnear a ràdh ach gur e turchairt a tha ann
coke n còc m
cold a fuar, comp fuaire. Are you cold? a bheil thu fuar? It is cold today, tha e fuar an diugh
Coll pr n (island) Colla
collaborative a co-chuideachail. Activities ranging from collaborative language tasks to group projects, gnìomhan de chaochladh seòrsa, bho obair cho-chuideachail cànain gu pròiseactan-buidhne
collar n coilear m, gen coileir, pl coilearan
collar-bone n cnàimh m an uga
collar-stud n stud-cùil m, gen stud-chùil, pl studaichean-cùil
collate v tr 1 cuir còmhla, vn cur còmhla. Find, select and collate information, a’ lorg, a’ taghadh agus a’ cur còmhla fiosrachaidh
2 thoir còmhla, vn toirt còmhla. In order to select, collate and compare texts and information, gus teacsaichean agus fiosrachadh a thaghadh, a thoirt còmhla agus a cho-chur
3 cuir ri chèile, vn cur ri chèile
4 expressed with tionail, vn tional m. Pupils will act individually in collating information and selecting appropriate structures, bidh a’ chlann ag obair air an ceann fhèin, a’ tional fiosrachaidh agus a’ taghadh structairean freagarrach
colleague (in teaching profession) n 1 tidsear eile. Including the assessment of achievements to be shared with the pupil, colleagues and parents, agus sin a’ gabhail a-staigh measadh air na thathar a’ toirt gu buil, rud a bhithear a’ co-phàirteachadh ris an sgoilear fhèin, ri tidsearan eile agus ri pàrantan
2 pl luchd-teagaisg (eile). Between colleagues within the school, am measg luchd-teagaisg taobh a-staigh na sgoile. To permit the communication of the pupil’s performance to the pupil, to parents and to colleagues, gus cothrom a thoirt do dh’iomradh air mar a tha a’ dol don phàiste a lìobhraigeadh don phàiste fhèin, do na pàrantan agus do luchd-teagaisg eile
collect v tr 1 cruinnich, vn cruinneachadh m. The evidence collected by the teacher will be used in arriving at the professional judgements, cleachdar an dearbhadh a thèid a chruinneachadh leis an tidsear ann a bhith a’ tighinn chun a’ bhreithneachaidh phroifeiseanta
2 tionail, vn tional m. This enables pupils to collect, organise, analyse and apply information through databases, tha seo a’ toirt cothroim do chloinn fiosrachadh a thional, a riaghladh, a rannsachadh agus a chur an sàs tro stòir-dàta
3 tog, vn togail f. His job is to collect the letters from the post boxes, ’s e obair-san na litrichean a thogail às na bogsaichean-puist. She collects the children from school and the washing from the launderette, bidh i a’ togail na cloinne bhon sgoil agus na nigheadaireachd às an taigh-nighe
4 thoir leat, vn toirt leat. They should also know who is to collect each child at the end of each session, is còir cuideachd gum bi fios aca cò a tha a’ tighinn a thoirt leis gach neach-cloinne aig deireadh gach seisein
collecting mod 1 cruinneachaidh
2 glèidhidh
collecting-bottle n botal-glèidhidh m, gen & pl botail-ghlèidhidh
collecting-pipe n pìob-chruinneachaidh, pl pìoban-cruinneachaidh
collection n 1 cruinneachadh m, gen cruinneachaidh, pl cruinneachaidhean
2 tional m, gen tionail, pl tionalan. He put five pounds in the collection, chuir e còig not anns an tional
3 (a) togail f. Evening collection time for letters, uair togail an fheasgair airson litrichean. Their collection times, na h-uairean togail aca
(b) expressed with tog, vn togail f. There must be a safe drop off and collection point for vehicles, feumaidh àite sàbhailte a bhith ann do charbadan airson clann a leigeil às agus a thogail
collective a 1 co-choitcheann
2 trusaidh. Collective noun, ainmear trusaidh
collective farming n phr co-thuathanachas m, gen co-thuathanachais
• tuathanachas m co-choitcheann, gen tuathanachais cho-choitchinn
colloid n collòid f, pl collòidean
colloidal a collòideach
collop n colag f, pl colagan
colloquial a expressed with mith-chainnt. Drama scripts present chances for dialect and colloquial forms, gheibhear cothrom ann an sgriobtaichean dràma air modhan dualchainnt agus mith-chainnt
colloquialism n modh m mì-chainnt, pl modhan mì-chainnt
colon n còilean m, gen còilein, pl còileanan
colonialism n coloinialachd f
colonise v tr 1 tuinich, vn tuineachadh m
2 thig a-steach do, vn tighinn a-steach do. Heather is gradually colonising the richer grasslands, tha am fraoch mean air mhean a’ tighinn a-steach don talamh-fheòir as torraiche
Colonsay pr n Colbhasa
colony n 1 (nat hist) tuineachas m, gen tuineachais, pl tuineachasan
2 (geography) (a) colonaidh m, pl colonaidhean
(b) tìr-imrich f, pl tìrean-imrich ; luchd-imrich m
colour n dath m, pl dathan. Next to each one draw a square of the right land-use colour, ri taobh gach fear dèan ceàrnag leis an dath a tha freagarrach a thaobh cleachdaidh-fhearainn. We believe that no family should be excluded from the group’s activities on the grounds of disability, colour or ethnic origin, tha sinn a’ creidsinn nach bu chòir gum bitheadh teaghlach sam bith air an dùnadh a-mach bho ghnìomhan na buidhne mar thoradh air ciorram, dath no bunadh eitniceach
colour v tr cuir dath air, vn cur dath air
colour in I v i phr cuir dath, vn cur dath
II colour in v tr phr cuir dath air, vn cur dath air. Colour in the shape of the hall, cuir dath air cumadh an talla
coloured a 1 dathte. A coloured picture, dealbh dathte
2 an dath. Patches of green ground among the more sombre coloured heather, mìrean de thalamh gorm am measg an fhraoich a tha nas duirche an dath
different coloured a phr de dhiofar dhathan. You could use different coloured plasticine to make the layers of rock, dh’fhaodadh tu plastasan de dhiofar dhathan a chleachdadh airson na breathan creige a dhèanamh
colouring n dath m, pl dathan. Food colouring, dath bidhe
colourful a dathail. With colourful reading materials, le stuthan leughaidh dathail
column n colbh m, gen coilbh, pl colbhan. Although set side by side, the two columns of guidance are not meant to demonstrate equivalences, ged a tha an dà cholbh de stiùireadh air an cur taobh ri taobh chan eil seo a’ ciallachadh gu bheil iad co-ionnan. Knowledge about language has not been treated separately in these columns, cha tugadh iomradh air leth air Eòlas air Cànain anns na colbhan seo. There are seven columns of squares lettered A to G, tha seachd colbhan de cheàrnagan leis na litrichean A gu G
combination n 1 cothlamadh m, gen cothlamaidh, pl cothlamaidhean. Pupils should be encouraged to speak in Gaelic even if they do so in a combination of Gaelic and English, bu chòir a’ chlann a mhisneachadh gus a bhith a’ bruidhinn anns a’ Ghàidhlig fiùs ged a b’ ann an cothlamadh de Ghàidhlig ’s de Bheurla. Any worthwhile Gaelic activity will move in and out of components and through varying combinations of strands, bidh gnìomh Gàidhlig sam bith as fhiach an t-saothair a’ gluasad a-mach agus a-steach à earrainnean agus tro chaochladh chothlamadh iallan. Classroom contexts which involve different combinations of listening, talking, reading and writing, suidhichidhean sa chlas anns a bheil èisteachd, labhairt, leughadh agus sgrìobhadh ann an caochladh cothlamaidh
2 expressed with an co-bhonn ri chèile. The combination of purpose, form and readership will influence pupils’ choice of appropriate language, bidh buaidh aig adhbhar, cumadh agus luchd-amais, an co-bhonn ri chèile, air mar a thaghas a’ chlann cànain iomchaidh
combine I v i thig còmhla, vn tighinn còmhla. Contexts which will combine to form a carefully sequenced programme, suidhichidhean a bhitheas a’ tighinn còmhla gus prògram a chruthachadh a bhitheas air òrdachadh gu cùramach
2 (chemistry) co-naisg, vn co-nasgadh m
II combine v tr cuir còmhla
combine harvester n inneal-fogharaidh m, gen inneil-fhogharaidh, pl innealan-fogharaidh
combustible n stuth m so-losgaidh, pl stuthan so-losgaidh
combustible a so-losgaidh
come v i 1 thig, vn tighinn. To recognise where others’ ideas come from, gu bhith a’ tuigsinn co às a tha bun-bheachdan chàich a’ tighinn. Pupils can come to deeper understandings of characters, thig clann gu tuigse nas motha air pearsachan
2 trobhad. Come and see this, trobhad ach am faic thu seo
3 (a) expressed with bi. These stimuli may come in a variety of forms, faodaidh na brosnachaidhean seo a bhith ann an caochladh chumaidhean
(b) expressed with bi an urra ri. Others may have no immediate contact with Gaelic, their experience of the language coming perhaps entirely from the school’s curriculum, cuid eile, ’s dòcha, aig nach eil dlùth cheangal idir ris a’ Ghàidhlig agus a tha, math dh’fhaoidte, gu tur an urra ri clàr-teagaisg na sgoile airson na tha iad ag ionnsachadh den chànain
come from v phr 1 thig à, vn tighinn à
2 bi à. Which vehicle in the picture comes from England? dè an carbad anns an dealbh a tha à Sasainn?
3 buin do, vn buntainn do. Some will come from homes where Gaelic is spoken regularly, tha cuid a bhuineas do dhachaighean anns a bheil a’ Ghàidhlig ga bruidhinn gu cunbhalach
comedy n comadaidh m, pl comadaidhean
comet n comaid f, pl comaidean
comfortable a saoirsneil. Pupils will become more and more comfortable using Gaelic, bidh a’ chlann a’ sìor fhàs nas saoirsneile ann a bhith a’ cleachdadh na Gàidhlig
comfortably adv gu cofhartail. Pupils will be encouraged to sit comfortably, bi a’ chlann air am misneachadh gu suidhe gu cofhartail
comic n pàipear m èibhinn, gen pàipeir èibhinn, pl pàipearan èibhinn
comical a èibhinn
comma n cromag f, gen cromaige, pl cromagan. Including simple use of commas, le cleachdadh sìmplidh air cromagan
inverted comma n phr cromag f thurrach, pl cromagan turrach
command n comas m, gen comais. They will show a growing command of language, nochdaidh iad comas cànain a tha a’ meudachadh
gain a command of v phr expressed with ionnsaich, vn ionnsachadh. Gaining a command of Gaelic is a process involving the gradual acquisition and expansion of knowledge, skills and understanding, gus a’ Ghàidhlig ionnsachadh feumar eòlas, sgilean agus tuigse a thogail agus a leudachadh mean air mhean
command v tr 1 àithn, vn àithne f, àithneadh m
2 cùm, vn cumail. Pupils will give individual presentations to stimulate interest and command the attention of the audience, bidh a’ chlann gan cur fhèin, mar aon, fa chomhair dhaoine gus ùidh agus aire luchd-amais a thogail agus a chumail
commandment n àithne f, pl àithntean
commend v tr mol, vn moladh. He commends the guidelines, tha e moladh an stiùiridh dhuibh
comment n 1 beachd m, pl beachdan. In order to offer comment on some aspects of author’s point of view and purpose, gus beachd a thoirt seachad air cuid de nithean a bhuineas do shealladh agus do dh’adhbhar an ùghdair. Linguistic formulae can be provided to instigate comments, faodar abairtean foirmeil a thoirt dhaibh gus beachdan a thogail. Evaluative comments should be honest but encouraging, bu chòir beachdan measaidh a bhith onarach ach brosnachail. Comments on each of the attainment outcomes will help the pupil’s next teacher to plan a programme, bidh beachdan air gach aon de na builean coileanaidh nan cuideachadh don ath thidsear a bhitheas aig a’ phàiste ann a bhith ag ullachadh prògram
2 beachdachadh m. The teacher will provide good models of comment on texts, bheir an tidsear dhaibh deagh bhuill-sampail de bheachdachadh air teacsaichean
3 iomradh m. Comments can be made on particular strands, faodar iomradh a dhèanamh air iallan àraidh
4 (vs topic) luaidh f. Topic and comment, cuspair agus luaidh
5 abairt f, pl abairtean. Respond by making a relevant comment, a’ freagairt le abairt iomchaidh. Relevant comments, abairtean iomchaidh
6 expressed with can v. The additional comments on the interpretation of levels and targets, na chanar a thuilleadh air mìneachadh ìrean agus chuimsean
7 not expressed. She will answer them by offering comments or opinions, freagraidh i iad le bhith a’ tairgse bheachdan
comment v i 1 thoir beachd, vn toirt beachd. Comment on how these reflect the texts’ purposes, a’ toirt beachd air mar a tha iad sin a’ nochdadh adhbhar nan teacsaichean. By commenting upon the ideas of others, le bhith a’ toirt beachd air smaointean chàich. Pupils will be given chances to comment on characters, gheibh a’ chlann cothrom air a bhith a’ toirt beachd air pearsachan
2 thoir barail, vn toirt barail. Teachers should lead pupils to comment on aspects of style, tha còir aig na tidsearan a bhith a’ stiùireadh na cloinne gu bhith a’ toirt barail air nithean a bhuineas do stoidhle
3 beachdaich, vn beachdachadh m. Comment briefly on the opinions and attitudes of the writer, a’ beachdachadh ann an aithghearrachd air beachdan agus rùintean an sgrìobhaiche
4 thoir tarraing air, vn toirt tarraing air. Pupils should be helped to identify with characters and to comment in terms of their behaviour and reasons, tha còir a’ chlann a chuideachadh gus a bhith a’ dlùthachadh ris na pearsachan agus a bhith a’ toirt tarraing air an giùlan ’s air an adhbhair
5 dèan luaidh, vn dèanamh luaidh
6 expressed with labhairt f. They can be assessed on their ability to comment on a text, faodar am measadh air an comas air labhairt air teacsa
commentary n 1 (running commentary) co-iomradh m, gem co-iomraidh, pl co-iomraidh
2 mìneachadh m, gen mìneachaidh, pl mìneachaidhean
commentator n iomradair m, pl iomradairean
commerce n malairt f. In commerce generally, ann am malairt anns an fharsaingeachd
commercial a 1 coimeirsealta. Commercial farming, tuathanachas coimeirsealta
2 malairteach. Commercial farming, tuathanachas malairteach
commercially adv expressed with bùth f. A school-devised programme which will include commercially-produced materials, prògram a tha air a dhealbhadh anns an sgoil fhèin agus a dh’fhaodas stuthan bùtha a chleachdadh
commission n 1 coimisean m, gen coimisein, pl coimisein, coimiseanan. The Crofters’ Commission, Coimisean nan Croitearan. The Monopolies’ Commission, Coimisean na Lèir-shealbhachd
2 barrantas m, gen barrantais, pl barrantais, barrantasan
commit v tr
committed a expressed with 1 bi a’ cur romhad. They are committed to assisting their groups provide a safe and healthy environment for children within their care, tha iad a’ cur romhpa gun cuidich iad am buidhnean gus suidheachadh sàbhailte agus fallain a chruthachadh do chloinn air an cùram
2 bi a’ toirt gealltanais. We are committed to assisting groups provide equality of opportunity for all children, tha sinn a’ toirt gealltanais gus cuideachadh le buidhnean gu bhith a’ toirt co-ionannachd chothroman do gach aon neach-cloinne
commitment n 1 dealas m, gen dealais. Parents are exercising choice and commitment in support of current initiatives, tha pàrantan a’ cur taice, le roghainn agus dealas, ris na h-iomairtean a tha a’ dol
2 gealltanas m, gen gealltanais. Commitment to implementing the group’s Equal Opportunities Policy will form part of the job description for all workers, bithidh gealltanas a thaobh a bhith a’ cur an gnìomh Poileasaidh Co-ionannachd Chothroman na buidhne mar phàirt den tuairisgeul obrach a bhitheas aig gach neach-obrach
commodity n 1 bathar m, gen & pl bathair
2 bathar-amh m, gen & pl bathair-aimh
3 earradh m, gen earraidh
common a 1 (a) cumanta. Use common linking words, a’ cleachdadh fhaclan-ceangail cumanta. They must learn to recognise the commoner genres, feumaidh iad ionnsachadh mar a dh’aithnicheas iad na pàtarain as cumanta
(b) (botany) cumanta. Common birdsfoot trefoil, bàrr a’ mhìslein cumanta
2 coitcheann. Convey and understand information about common topics, thoir seachad agus tuig fiosrachadh mu chùisean coitcheann. Pupils are expected to work towards a common goal in group activity, thathar a’ sùileachadh gum bi a’ chlann ag obair a dh’ionnsaigh ceann-uidhe choitchinn ann an gnìomh buidhne
3 gnàthach. Common noun, ainmear gnàthach
4 expressed with uile. Pupils should talk together about the issues within their common experience, tha còir aig cloinn a bhith a’ còmhradh còmhla mu na nithean a tha iad uile a’ fiosrachadh
5 expressed with coltach ri. “Genre” is a term used to describe a property of texts, that each text belongs to a group, or set, of texts with which it shares common features, tha “Gnè” air a chleachdadh gus iomradh a dhèanamh air nàdar theacsaichean, a’ comharrachadh gum buin a h-uile teacsa do bhuidheann theacsaichean agus gu bheil dòighean anns a bheil e coltach riutha sin
common to prep phr 1 expressed with a bhuineas do … uile. There are certain features common to Gaelic medium schools everywhere, tha nithean ann a bhuineas do na sgoiltean Gàidhlig uile ge b’e air bith càit a bheil iad
2 expressed with eòlach. Using situations common to many pupils, a’ cleachdadh shuidhichidhean air a bheil mòran den chloinn eòlach
commonly adv 1 an cumantas
2 expressed with tric. The words which they need to use most commonly, na faclan as trice a dh’fheumas iad a chleachdadh. A bank of the most commonly used functional words can be built, faodar tasgadh a dhèanamh air na faclan gnìomhachail as trice thathar a’ cleachdadh
3 am bitheantas
Commonwealth pr n Co-Fhlaitheas m, gen Co-Fhlaitheis. Commonwealth of Independent States, Co-Fhlaitheas nan Stàitean Neo-eisimeileach. The socio-economic reasons for the dispersal of Gaelic-speaking people to the Commonwealth, na h-adhbhair shòiseo-eacanomaigeach a chuir sgapadh air sluagh na Gàidhlig don Cho-Fhlaitheas
communal a co-choitcheann
communally adv a tha ag obair còmhla, a bhith ag obair còmhla. The rigs were often dug communally by a line of diggers, gu tric bha na feannagan air an ruamhar le sreath de luchd-ruamhair a bhith ag obair còmhla
communicate v tr 1 dèan conaltradh, vn dèanamh conaltraidh. Language enables children to communicate, tha cànain a’ toirt comais do chloinn conaltradh a dhèanamh. Pupils should be able to communicate, tha còir comas a bhith aig a’ chloinn conaltradh a dhèanamh. By activities such as word-processing, data handling and simulations, enable them to communicate more effectively with others, bidh gnìomhan mar tha dealbh-sgrìobhadh. làimhseachadh fiosrachaidh agus cur an ìre a’ toirt comais dhaibh air conaltradh nas buadhmhoire a dhèanamh ri feadhainn eile. The confidence and the need to communicate are more important than absolute grammatical accuracy, tha misneach ann an conaltradh, agus am feum air conaltradh a dhèanamh, nas cudthromaiche na an gràmar a bhith uile gu lèir gun mhearachd. Because writing is essential for communicating within society, a chionn ’s gu bheil sgrìobhadh èiseil dhuinn gus conaltradh a dhèanamh anns an t-saoghal mhòr
2 bi a’ conaltradh. The guiding principle in regard to selection of language should be the children’s need to communicate, ’s e màthair-adhbhair taghadh cànain am feum a bhitheas aig a’ chloinn air a bhith a’ conaltradh. Having an understanding of genre gives writers a valuable aid in the task of communicating effectively, tha tuigse a bhith aca air gnè na chuideachadh luachmhor do luchd-sgrìobhaidh ann a bhith a’ conaltradh gu buadhmhor
3 expressed with conaltradh m, gen conaltraidh. In learning to communicate, ann a bhith ag ionnsachadh conaltraidh. The confidence and the need to communicate are more important than absolute grammatical accuracy, tha misneach ann an conaltradh, agus am feum air conaltradh a dhèanamh, nas cudthromaiche na an gràmar a bhith uile gu lèir gun mhearachd
4 expressed with co-luadar m, gen co-luadair. To develop their capacities to communicate, think, feel and make through Gaelic, gus leasachadh a dhèanamh air an cuid chomasan co-luadair, smaoineachaidh, faireachdainn, agus cruthachaidh anns a’ Ghàidhlig
5 cuir an cèill, vn cur an cèill. To communicate key events, facts or ideas, gus prìomh thachartasan no fhiosrachadh no smuaintean a chur an cèill. The youngest pupils will start to compose and communicate their ideas, bidh a’ chlann as òige a’ tòiseachadh air smaointean a chur ri chèile agus a chur an cèill. Communicating ideas and information through wordprocessing, a’ cur an cèill smuaintean agus fiosrachaidh le dealbh-sgrìobhadh
communication n 1 conaltradh m, gen conaltraidh. As an asset in administration and communication, gur nì feumail e ann an rianachd is ann an conaltradh. When an interpretation of body language may be necessary to understand fully the overall communication, agus feum air cànain bhodhaig a bhreithneachadh gus tuigse iomlan fhaighinn air a’ chonaltradh anns an fharsaingeachd. Recognise the genre of the communication, a bhith ag aithneachadh gnè a’ chonaltraidh. More emphasis should be given to effective communication than to formal accuracy, bu chòir barrachd àite thoirt do chonaltradh buadhmhor na do chòmhradh a tha foirmeil agus ceart. The Council proposed a minimum time allocation of 20% for language and communication, thug a’ Chomhairle mun aire gum bu chòir 20% den ùine air a’ char bu lugha a chur mu choinneamh cànain is conaltraidh. Alternative forms of communication, modhan conaltraidh eadar-dhealaichte. Tone will be used when pupils discuss spoken communications, bithear a’ cleachdadh dòigh-labhairt an uair a bhios clann a’ beachdachadh air conaltradh-beòil
2 adhbhar-conaltraidh m, gen & pl adhbhair-chonaltraidh. By such means they get a rapid sense of the gist of any communication, tha iad anns an dòigh sin a’ faighinn tuigse gu h-ealamh air brìgh gach adhbhar-chonaltraidh
3 co-luadar m, gen co-luadair. This unit of language may contain non-linguistic features of communication, faodaidh an t-aonad cànain seo seòrsachan co-luadair a ghabhail a-staigh nach buin do chànain
4 expressed with iomradh a lìobhraigeadh. To permit the communication of the pupil’s performance to the pupil, gus cothrom a thoirt do dh’iomradh air mar a tha a’ dol don phàiste a lìobhraigeadh don phàiste fhèin
communication pipe n pìob f eadar-cheangail, pl pìoban eadar-cheangail
communications n pl eadar-cheangal m, gen eadar-cheangail
communicative a 1 conaltraidh. They should not dominate the principal aim of achieving communicative competence, chan eil còir aca bàrr a thoirt air a’ phrìomh amas, ’s e sin comas conaltraidh a thoirt gu buil. Featuring use of language for real communicative purposes, anns a bheil a’ chànain air a chleachdadh airson fìor adhbhairean conaltraidh. Teaching materials based on modern communicative methodology, stuthan teagaisg air am bonntachadh air dòighean conaltraidh an latha an diugh
2 expressed with a thaobh conaltraidh. In order to establish communicative confidence and competence, gus misneach agus comas a thaobh conaltraidh a stèidheachadh
community n 1 coimhearsnachd f, pl coimhearsnachdan. Language and community, cànain agus coimhearsnachd. develop inter-relationships with the Gaelic community, co-cheangal ri coimhearsnachd na Gàidhlig a thoirt gu ìre. We are trying to create a Gaelic community in Edinburgh, ’s e tha sinn a’ feuchainn ri dhèanamh ach coimhearsnachd Ghàidhlig ann an Dùn Èideann a chur ri chèile. The child’s experience of family, school, local community and the wider world, fiosrachadh a’ phàiste air a theaghlach, air an sgoil, air an dlùth choimhearsnachd agus air an t-saoghal mhòr. Homes where Gaelic is spoken regularly in communities which are Gaelic-speaking, dachaighean anns a bheil a’ Ghàidhlig ga bruidhinn gu cunbhalach ann an coimhearsnachdan Gàidhlig
2 sgìre f, pl sgìrean. The needs of the community in which they live, feuman na sgìre anns a bheil iad a’ gabhail còmhnaidh
3 (ecological)
community mod coimhearsnachd. Community language, cànain choimhearsnachd. Community Council, Comhairle Coimhearsnachd. Pupils from a home or community background where Gaelic is a regular feature of their language environment, clann à dachaighean no à coimhearsnachdan anns a bheil a’ Ghàidhlig na pàirt cunbhalach den àrainneachd-chànain aca
commutative a 1 ioma-thaobhach. Commutative aspect, sealladh ioma-thaobhach
2 co-iomlaideach. Commutative property, comas co-iomlaideach
commute v i (travel) coimiut, vn coimiutadh m
commuting n coimiutadh m, gen coimiutaidh
commuter n coimiutar m, gen coimiutair, pl coimiutaran
compact a co-dhlùth, comp co-dhlùithe, Compact brome, bròmas co-dhlùth
companion n companach m, gen & pl companaich
companion mod companaich. Companion booklet, leabhran companaich
companionship n companas m, gen companais
company n companaidh m and f, pl companaidhean. Visits from companies or excursions to the theatre are obvious ways of involving pupils with drama, dòighean follaiseach gus clann a chur an lùib dràma ’s e companaidhean a bhith a’ tadhal, no a’ chlann fhèin a bhith a’ dol don taigh-chluiche
comparative a 1 eadar-dhealaichte. Pupils will develop an interest in comparative forms of spellings, bidh a’ chlann a’ gabhail ùidh ann am modhan litreachaidh eadar-dhealaichte
2 coimeasach. Comparative adverb, co-ghnìomhair coimeasach
comparative degree n phr 1 (grammar) ìre choimeasach. Often in the bard’s dialect it is an adjective in the comparative degree which follows the adverb “cho”, and not one in the positive degree, gu tric ann an dualchainnt a’ bhàird ’s e buadhair anns an ìre choimeasaich a leanas an roimhear “cho”, agus chan e fear anns a’ bhun-ìre
2 (grammar) coimeas m, gen coimeis, pl coimeasan. First comparative degree, a’ chiad choimeas. Second comparative degree, an dara coimeas
compare v tr 1 coimeas, vn coimeas m (with, ri). Compare map A with map B, coimeas mapa a ri mapa B. Teachers should compare different writers’ treatment of a theme, tha còir aig tidsearan a bhith a’ coimeas mar a tha ùghdairean eadar-dhealaichte a’ dèiligeadh ri cuspair. By comparing their reactions to those of classmates, le bhith a’ coimeas am beachdan fhèin ri beachdan chàich anns a’ chlas. Techniques such as comparing and contrasting different texts, dòighean obrach mar tha coimeas theacsaichean eadar-dhealaichte agus gan cur o chèile
2 dèan coimeas eadar. By comparing the original aims with what pupils actually attain in relation to the targets, le bhith a’ dèanamh coimeas eadar na h-amasan a bha ann an toiseach agus na bheil na sgoilearan a’ coileanadh ann an da-rìreabh fa chomhair nan cuimsean. By studying the drawings you should be able to compare the text with the site on the ground, le bhith a’ beachdachadh air na dealbhan bu chòir gur urrainn dhut coimeas a dhèanamh eadar an teacsa agus an làrach fhèin
3 (grammar) dèan coimeas air, vn dèanamh coimeis air. Compare the adjective “daor”, dèan coimeas air a’ bhuadhair “daor”
4 co-chuir, vn co-chur m. In order to select, collate and compare texts and information, gus teacsaichean agus fiosrachadh a thaghadh, a thoirt còmhla agus a cho-chur
compare favourably with v phr expressed with bi pailt cho math ris. These figures compare favourably with other countries in Europe, tha na figearan seo pailt cho math ris na gheibhear ann an dùthchannan eile na Roinn Eòrpa
compared to prep phr an taca ri
comparison n 1 (a) coimeas m, gen coimeis. Comparison of adjective, coimeas buadhair. Comparison of thickness, coimeas tigheid. Teachers will encourage comparison between stories and poems, bidh tidsearan a’ brosnachadh coimeas eadar stòiridhean agus dàin. This can be extended by comparison with other books read, faodar leudachadh air seo le coimeas ri leabhraichean eile a chaidh a leughadh
(b) expressed with bi a’ coimeas. To make comparisons and contrasts between their own experiences and those depicted in the text, gu bhith a’ coimeas an fhiosrachaidh aca fhèin agus an fhiosrachaidh a tha air a chur a-mach anns na teacsaichean, agus a’ dèanamh eadar-dhealachaidh eatarra
2 not directly expressed. They should expect vivid pictures to be painted by means of comparisons (in simile and metaphor), bu chòir dùil a bhith aca gum bi dealbhan beòthail gan cruthachadh tro shamhla agus tro mheatafor
in comparison to prep phr an taca ri. It was regarded as a fertile place in comparison to the other villages in the vicinity, bha e air a mheas na àite torrach an taca ris na bailtean eile a bha faisg air làimh
compass n combaist f, pl combaistean. Points of the compass, àirdean na combaist. A compass bearing, cùrsa combaist. Compass direction, àirde chombaist
compasses n pl (pair of compasses) cearcallaiche m
compassion n iochd m
compensate v tr cuidhtich, vn cuidhteachadh m
compensate for v i phr seas an àite, vn seasamh an àite. For some schools this might compensate for the absence of opportunities to engage in social interaction, faodaidh sin do chuid a sgoiltean seasamh an àite cothroman nach eil aca gus a bhith a’ dol an sàs ann an co-luadar sòisealta
compensation n 1 cuidhteachadh m, gen cuidhteachaidh
2 airgead-dìolaidh m, gen airgid-dhìolaidh. They are going to continue trying to get compensation from the company, tha iad a’ dol a chumail orra a’ feuchainn ri airgead-dìolaidh fhaighinn bhon chompanaidh
competence n 1 comas m, gen comais. Schools should aim to bring pupils to the stage of broadly equal competence, tha còir aig sgoiltean a bhith a’ cuimseachadh air a’ chlann a thoirt an ìre mhaith gu comas co-ionnan. Contexts which will develop competence and confidence, suidhichidhean a bhitheas a’ toirt comais agus misnich air adhart. Particularly where those are necessary to ensure social competence, gu h-àraidh ma tha feum orra sin gus comas sòisealta a dhaingneachadh
2 expressed with sgilean. Pupils’ competence will be developed, nithear adhartachadh air sgilean na cloinne
linguistic competence n phr comas cànain. To enhance their linguistic competence, gus an comas cànain a chur am feobhas
oral competence n phr comas m labhairt. To provide children from non-Gaelic backgrounds with basic oral competence in Gaelic, comas-labhairt bunaiteach a bhuileachadh air clann à àrainneachd gun Ghàidhlig
competency n comas m, pl comasan. Most strands have attached to them statements of minimum competency, an cois na mòrchodach de na h-iallan tha iomraidhean air comasan aig a’ char as lugha
competition n 1 farpais f, pl farpaisean. I like the competitions on the program, is caomh leam na farpaisean air a’ phrògram
2 co-fharpais f, pl co-fharpaisean
competitor n farpaiseach m, gen & pl farpaisich
compile v tr cuir ri chèile, vn cur ri chèile. Individuals should be encouraged to compile their own lists, tha còir pàistean fa leth a mhisneachadh gu bhith a’ cur an liostaichean fhèin ri chèile. Attractive displays of posters, poems and short anthologies, with work compiled by pupils, taisbeanaidhean tarraingeach de shanasairean, de dhàin agus de chruinnichidhean goirid a chaidh a chur ri chèile leis a’ chloinn
complaint n gearan m, gen gearain, pl gearanan. Letters of complaint, litrichean gearain. Any complaints should be referred to one of the committee members listed in this booklet, bu chòir gearain sam bith a chur gu aon de bhuill na comataidh a gheibhear san leabhran seo
complement n (grammar) coileanadh m, gen coileanaidh, pl coileanaidhean. Subject and complement, suibseig is coileanadh
complement v tr expressed with an co-cheangal ri prep phr. To complement the development programme, an co-cheangal ris a’ phrògram leasachaidh
complete a 1 iomlan
2 coileanta
completely adv 1 gu h-iomlan. The article is completely elided here, tha an t-alt air a bhathadh gu h-iomlan an seo
2 (a) buileach. It must be set on a completely level surface, feumar a chur air uachdar a tha buileach còmhnard
(b) gu buileach
complete v tr 1 crìochnaich, vn crìochnachadh m. Only when a substantial body of work has been completed, dìreach an uair a tha cnap math obrach air a chrìochnachadh
2 expressed with lìon, vn lìonadh m. By completing and returning the enclosed form, le bhith a’ lìonadh agus a’ tilleadh na bileig a tha leis an seo
completed a 1 crìochnaichte. If pupils are given regular opportunities to display completed work, ma tha a’ chlann a’ faotainn cothroim gu cunbhalach a bhith a’ taisbeanadh obair chrìochnaichte
2 expressed with air crìochnachadh. Set out completed work giving attention to presentation and layout, a’ cur obair a tha air a crìochnachadh air dòigh le aire air sealladh agus dreach
completeness n iomlanachd f. We only got a fragment of this song, but for the sake of completeness we thought it suitable to include it here, cha d’fhuair sinn ach fuigheall den òran seo, ach air sgàth na h-iomlanachd mheas sinn iomchaidh a chur am measg a’ chorra an seo
complex a 1 iom-fhillte or ioma-fhillte or ioma-fhillteach. Complex preposition, roimhear iom-fhillte. Each target demanding more complex knowledge, gach cuimse ag iarraidh eòlais nas iom-fhillte. Although the speech children bring to school already makes use of complex structures, ged a tha a’ chainnt-bheòil a tha a’ chlann a’ toirt don sgoil a’ dèanamh feum cheana de structairean ioma-fhillte. Offer a personal response to some of the more complex feelings or attitudes of those involved in the text, a’ freagairt gu pearsanta fa chomhair nam faireachdainnean agus nam beachdan ioma-fhillteach acasan a tha a’ gabhail pàirt anns an teacsa. Offering a personal response to some of the more complex feelings or attitudes of those involved in the text, a’ gabhail gu pearsanta ris na faireachdainnean agus na barailean as ioma-fhillte acasan a tha an sàs anns an teacsa. They will attempt more complex narratives, nì iad oidhirp air stòiridhean car ioma-fhillte
2 ioma-chruthach. Others, however, may have pronounced, specific or complex difficulties, airson feadhainn eile, ge-tà, aig a bheil duilgheadasan follaiseach, sònraichte no ioma-chruthach
3 ioma-chùiseach. The process is more complex, ’s e tha ann gnothach a tha cus nas ioma-chùisiche
complexity n 1 (a) ioma-fhillteachd f. In length, complexity of language and form, ann am faid, ann am ioma-fhillteachd cànain agus ann am modh ’s an cruth
(b) expressed with ioma-fhillte a. In order to carry out tasks of some complexity, gus obair a tha an ìre mhaith ioma-fhillte a dhèanamh. Pupils will increasingly encounter texts of some complexity in plot, bidh a’ chlann a’ coinneachadh nas trice ’s nas trice ri teacsaichean a tha gu math ioma-fhillte ann am plota. As they gain a set of essential but complex skills, fhad ’s a tha iad a’ togail cunntas sgilean a tha èiseil ach ioma-fhillte. Stories of increasing complexity, read by the teacher, stòiridhean gan leughadh leis an tidsear, agus iad a’ sìor fhàs nas ioma-fhillte
(c) expressed with fillte a. Information of increasing complexity, fiosrachadh a tha a’ sìor fhàs nas fillte. As pupils explore fiction of greater maturity and complexity, an uair a bhitheas a’ chlann a’ beachdachadh air ficsean a tha nas adhartaiche agus nas fillte
2 expressed with toinnte a. No matter its length, complexity or the component in which it appears, ge b’e air bith dè cho fada no cho toinnte ’s a bhitheas e no dè an earrann anns a bheil e a’ nochdadh
3 duilgheadas m, gen duilgheadais, pl duilgheadasan. Dealing with emotional complexities, a’ dèiligeadh ri duilgheadasan co-cheangailte ri faireachdainnean
complicate v tr
complicated a 1 ioma-fhillte
2 toinnte. The matter is rather complicated, tha an gnothach rudeigin toinnte
comply v i
comply with v phr 1 (a) dèan a-rèir, vn dèanamh a-rèir. Groups should comply with the following standards, is còir do bhuidhnean a dhèanamh a-rèir nam bun-tomhasan a leanas
(b) thig a-rèir, vn tighinn a-rèir. All requirements of the local Department of Environmental Health must be complied with, feumar tighinn a-rèir gach riatanais a bhitheas aig Roinn ionadail na Slàinte Àrainneachail
2 coilion (riaghailtean), vn coilionadh m (riaghailtean). A Policy on Child Protection is also necessary in order to comply with the Insurance Policy, tha feum air Poileasaidh Dìon Chloinne cuideachd gus riaghailtean a’ Phoileasaidh Àrachais a choilionadh
component n 1 earrann f, gen earrainn, pl earrainnean. No matter its length, complexity or the component in which it appears, ge b’e air bith dè cho fada no cho toinnte ’s a bhitheas e no dè an earrann anns a bheil e a’ nochdadh. In the component defined as “Talking”, anns an earrainn a dh’ainmichear “Labhairt”. Any worthwhile Gaelic activity will move in and out of components and through varying combinations of strands, bidh gnìomh Gàidhlig sam bith as fhiach an t-saothair a’ gluasad a-mach agus a-steach à earrainnean agus tro chaochladh chothlamadh iallan. The nature of the language components have been redefined, chomharraicheadh as ùr nàdar nan earrainnean-cànain
2 earrann-obrach f. By asking for too much evidence of it in a component like writing, le bhith a’ sùileachadh cus dearbhaidh air ann an earrainn-obrach mar a tha sgrìobhadh
3 roinn f, pl roinnean. The four intertwined components of Gaelic are woven into both classroom activities and assessment procedures, tha ceithir roinnean na Gàidhlig air am fighe a-steach an lùib a-chèile an dà chuid ann an obair an ruim-theagaisg agus ann an iomairtean measaidh
compose v tr cuir ri chèile, vn cur ri chèile. When pupils first compose their own stories, an uair a bhitheas a’ chlann a’ cur an cuid stòiridhean fhèin ri chèile an toiseach The youngest pupils will start to compose and communicate their ideas, bidh a’ chlann as òige a’ tòiseachadh air smaointean a chur ri chèile agus a chur an cèill. Some of this information may be composed by the pupils themselves, faodaidh a’ chlann fhèin cuid den fhiosrachadh seo a chur ri chèile. Pupils will pay attention to handwriting in the normal course of composing their own writing, bheir a’ chlann aire do làmh-sgrìobhadh ann a bhith a’ cur an cuid sgrìobhaidh làitheil ri chèile
composed a 1 air cur ri chèile
2 dèante
3 not expressed. They will begin to draft their own pieces of composed writing, bidh iad a’ tòiseachadh air dreachdan a dhèanamh de na h-earrainnean sgrìobhaidh aca fhèin
composite a 1 ceangailte. Composite shapes, cruthan ceangailte
2 co-dhèante. A composite volcano, bholcàno co-dhèante
composition n (essay) aiste f, pl aistidhean. Write a composition on one of the following topics, sgrìobh aiste air aon de na cinn a leanas
compost n aolach m (gàrraidh), gen aolaich (ghàrraidh); also aolach m leasa, aolach liosa. On the compost heap, air an dùn aolaich
compound n 1 co-thàthadh m, gen co-thàthaidh, pl co-thàthaidhean. Chemical compounds, co-thàthaidhean ceimigeach
2 expressed with facal fillte. The word is a compound, ’s e facal fillte a tha ann
compound a fillte. Compound clause, clàs fillte. Compound lens, lions fillte. Compound sentence, seantans fillte. Compound word, facal fillte
compound v tr fill, vn filleadh m
compounding n filleadh m, gen fillidh
comprehend v tr tuig, vn tuigsinn f. Readers will be better able to comprehend the content of a text, bidh barrachd comais aig luchd-leughaidh air na tha anns an teacsa a thuigsinn
comprehension n 1 tuigsinn f
2 expressed with mar a thuigear. These have a profound influence on any communication and its comprehension, tha buaidh ro mhòr aca seo air conaltradh sam bith agus air mar a thuigear an conaltradh sin
comprehensive a 1 iomlan. The attainment targets are designed to be comprehensive sets of language goals, tha na cuimsean coileanaidh air an deilbh mar amasan-ionnsachaidh iomlan airson cànain
2 ioma-chruthach. Achieving the targets in Gaelic will ensure that a pupil’s learning will be comprehensive and progressive, ’s ann le bhith a’ coileanadh nan cuimsean a nithear cinnteach gur ann ioma-chruthach agus adhartach a tha na bheil pàiste ag ionnsachadh
3 coitcheann. Comprehensive school, sgoil choitcheann
compress v tr co-bhrùth, vn co-bhrùthadh m
compression n co-bhrùthadh m, gen co-bhrùthaidh, pl co-bhrùthaidhean
compressor n co-bhrùthadair m, pl co-bhrùthadairean
compulsory a 1 do-sheachainte
2 expressed with feum. The first two questions are compulsory but two may be chosen from the other five, feumar a’ chiad dà cheist a fhreagairt, ach faodar a dhà a thaghadh às na còig eile
3 expressed with mar uallach air. It is compulsory to complete the form, tha a mar uallach air neach am form a lìonadh
computer n coimpiutar m, pl coimpiutairean. Using computers, a’ cleachdadh choimpiutairean
computer a coimpiutair. Computer games, geamannan coimpiutair
computing n coimpiutaireachd f
concave a 1 fo-chearclach
2 cuasach
conceal v tr ceil, vn cleith f. The bard could not be accused of concealing his own foolishness over drink, cha b’ urrainnear a chur as leth a’ bhàird gum bitheadh e a’ cleith fhaoineis fhèin mun deoch
concentrate n tiughalach f, gen tiughalaich, pl tiughalaichean. Liquid concentrate, tiughalach lionnaich
concentrate v tr 1 cuir cudthrom air, vn cur cudthroim air. The over-riding priority in the initial stages will be to concentrate on the development of oral skills, ’s e an nì os cionn nan uile nithean a bhitheas san amharc aig toiseach cùise a bhith a’ cur cudthroim air sgilean cainnt-bheòil a thoirt gu fàs
2 socraich, vn socrachadh m. This approach enables pupils to concentrate their minds and make the task manageable for both teacher and class, bheir sin cothrom don chloinn an inntinn a shocrachadh gus an gnìomh a làimhseachadh an dà chuid leis an tidsear agus leis a’ chlas
3 buail, vn bualadh m. It allows them to concentrate on the content of their own work, tha e a’ toirt cothroim dhaibh a bhith a’ bualadh air susbaint na h-obrach aca fhèin. Its use can free pupils from the effort of concentrating on their presentational skills, faodaidh a bhith ga chleachdadh saorsa a thoirt do chloinn on t-saothair a tha iad a’ dèanamh le bhith a’ bualadh air na sgilean taisbeanaidh
4 (a) expressed with leag an inntinn air nithean sònraichte. It cannot be assumed that children will have acquired the necessary skills of concentrating, thinking about and recalling what they hear and see by the time they enter P1, chan urrainn dhuinn a bhith cinnteach gum bi clann air na sgilean èiseil a thogail ron am a thig iad a-steach do B1 — ’s e sin a bhith a’ leagail an inntinnean air nithean sònraichte, agus a bhith a’ smaoineachadh agus a’ cuimhneachadh air na chluinneas ’s na chì iad
(b) expressed with leag inntinn gu tur air. The pupil is free to concentrate on the performance aspects, tha am pàiste saor gus inntinn a leagail gu tur air cùisean coileanaidh
5 tiughaich, vn tiughachadh m
concentrated a tiughaichte
concentration n 1 làn aire f. They may observe capacity for regular concentration in listening situations, faodaidh iad coimhead air comas air làn aire chunbhalaich ann an suidhichidhean èisteachd
2 tiughadas m, gen tiughadais, pl tiughadasan
concentric a 1 co-chearclach
2 aon-mheadhanach
concept n 1 bun-bheachd m, gen bun-bheachda, pl bun-bheachdan. Audience is an important concept, ’s e bun-bheachd cudthromach a tha ann an luchd-amais
2 bun-smuain f, pl bun-smuaintean. A cognitive grasp of quite sophisticated ideas and linguistic concepts, greim agus tuigse air bun-bheachdan agus air bun-smuaintean cànain a tha gu math adhartach
3 not directly expressed. The concept of authorship can be considered, faodar beachdachadh air dreuchd ùghdair
concept mod 1 bun-smuain. The use of concept keyboards can also be of help, faodaidh cleachdadh chlàr-iuchrach bhun-smuain cuideachd a bhith feumail
2 na smuaine. For pupils with learning difficulties, the concept keyboard can introduce wordprocessing, faodaidh clàr-iuchrach na smuaine aithne thoirt do chloinn le duilgheadasan-ionnsachaidh air dealbh-sgrìobhadh
concern n 1 nì m, pl nithean. As will all cross-curricular concerns, agus tha seo fìor a thaobh nan nithean uile a tha a’ gluasad feadh a’ chlàir-theagaisg. Television presents views of the world which are determined by non-Gaelic concerns, tha an telebhisean a’ cur fa chomhair dhaoine seallaidhean den t-saoghal a tha air am bonntachadh air nithean nach buin don Ghàidhlig
2 nì m cudthromach, pl nithean cudthromach. a summary of concerns and approaches applicable to programmes of study, geàrr-chunntas air na nithean cudthromach agus na dòighean a bhuineas do chlàran oideachaidh
3 cùis f, pl cùisean. Pupils should encounter an increasing range of texts and linguistic concerns, tha còir gum bi a’ chlann a’ coinneachadh ri barrachd sheòrsachan theacsaichean agus chùisean cànain
4 cùram m gen cùraim, pl cùraman. A natural way of enhancing awareness of personal and social issues and concerns, dòigh nàdarrach air a bhith a’ cur am feobhas mothachadh air cùisean agus cùraman pearsanta agus sòisealta
5 dragh m, gen dragha, pl draghannan
6 not directly expressed. Including concern for tolerance, a’ gabhail a-staigh a bhith a’ toirt àite do bheachdan chàich
cause concern v phr bi plus dragh ann a thaobh. If a child’s behaviour is causing concern staff will make every effort to find out why the child is acting in such a way, ma bhitheas dragh ann a thaobh giùlan neach-cloinne nì an luchd-obrach a h-uile oidhirp gus lorg carson as ann mar sin a tha i/e ga giùlan fhèin
concern v tr
concerned a expressed with air a bheilear a’ gabhail beachd. Use of procedures such as these may identify the need for additional support in language for the pupils concerned, faodaidh cleachdaidhean den t-seòrsa seo a chomharrachadh gu bheil a’ chlann air a bheilear a’ gabhail beachd a’ cur feum air taice a bharrachd ann an obair chànain
so far as … is concerned, bho shealladh plus gen. Within a curriculum that is, so far as the pupil is concerned, coherent and meaningful, ann an clàr-teagaisg a tha, bho shealladh na cloinne, dòigheil agus brìoghmhor
concerned with prep phr 1 ceangailte ri. The activity of reading should be concerned with the gaining of meaning, bu chòir do leughadh, mar iomairt, a bhith ceangailte ri bhith a’ togail brìgh
2 co-cheangailte ri. Writing concerned with close reading and critical responses to texts, sgrìobhadh a tha co-cheangailte ri leughadh mionaideach agus ri breithneachadh air teacsaichean
3 an lùib plus gen. By teachers and others concerned with provision for education, le tidsearan agus le feadhainn eile a tha an lùib foghlaim
concerning prep mu (plus dat). Part 1 offers advice concerning…, tha Pàirt 1 a’ tairgse comhairle mu…. Guidance concerning the minimum time allocation for Language, an stiùireadh a tha ann cheana mun chuibhrinn ùine a dh’fheumar a thoirt do chànain air a’ char as lugha
2 a thaobh (plus gen)
concert n consart m, pl consartan. In notices, concerts and multicultural events, ann an sanasan, ann an consartan agus ann an tachartasan ioma-chultarail
concession n ceadachd f, pl ceadachdan. Granting concessions, a’ buileachadh cheadachdan
conch n 1 spàirneag f, gen spàirneig, pl spàirneagan
2 trompaid f shlige, pl trompaidean slige
3 conachag f, pl conachagan
concise a 1 aithghearr, comp aithghearra, aithghiorra
2 sgiobalta
concisely adv gu sgiobalta. To use Gaelic appropriately and concisely, a’ Ghàidhlig a chleachdadh gu h-iomchaidh agus gu sgiobalta
conclusion n co-dhùnadh m, gen co-dhùnaidh, pl co-dhùnaidhean. Show that they can use at least the following terms: introduction, conclusion, a’ nochdadh gun cuir iad gu feum, air a’ char as lugha, na faclan a leanas: ro-ràdh, co-dhùnadh. A conclusion may be built up from a basic set of facts or premises, faodar oibreachadh a dh’ionnsaigh co-dhùnaidh bho fhiosrachadh no ro-stèidh bunaiteach. As facts built towards a conclusion, mar nithean fìrinneach air an cur còmhla a dh’ionnsaigh co-dhùnaidh. Introductions and conclusions will be used in relation to planning, cleachdar ro-ràdhan agus co-dhùnaidhean an co-cheangal ri planadh. They have not reached a final conclusion at all, cha tàinig iad gu co-dhùnadh deireannach idir
bring to a conclusion v phr thoir gu crìoch, vn toirt gu crìoch
conclusive a expressed with thig gu co-dhùnadh daingeann mu timcheall. These statements are intended to be neither all-inclusive nor conclusive, chan eilear a’ meas gum bi seo a’ còmhdach nan cùisean uile no a’ tighinn gu co-dhùnadh daingeann mun timcheall
concrete n concrait m
concrete a nitheil
condensation n co-dhlùthachadh m, gen co-dhlùthachaidh
condense v tr & i co-dhlùthaich, vn co-dhlùthachadh m
condenser n co-dhlùthaiche m, pl co-dhlùthaichean
condiment n annlan m, gen & pl annlain
condition n 1 (state) (a) cor m, gen coir, cuir
(b) staid f, pl staidean
(c) suidheachadh m, gen suidheachaidh, pl suidhichiaidhean
2 (a) cumha f, pl cumhachan
(b) cùmhnant m, gen cùmhnaint, pl cùmhnantan
3 (medical) (a) gnothach m (a tha a cur air neach), gen gnothaich, pl gnothaichean. Each child’s record sheet must contain information on any medical condition or allergies that the child suffers from, feumaidh fios a bhith air bileig-chlàraidh gach neach-chloinne a thaobh gnothaich mheidigich sam bith no aileirgidhean a bhitheas a’ cur air an neach-chloinne
(b) galar m, gen galair, pl galaran. Hygiene measures adopted should be sufficient to prevent the spread of bacterial, viral and parasitic conditions, bu chòir gum bitheadh na dòighean-obrach slàinteachais a thèid a chur an gnìomh gu leòr gus casg a chur air galaran baicteiriach, bhìorasach agus parasaiteach o bhith a’ sgaoileadh
on condition (that) conj phr 1 air chor is gu. I shall do it on condition that he comes, nì mi e air chor ’s gun tig e
2 air chumha is gu. I shall do it on condition that he comes, nì mi e air chumha ’s gun tig e
conditional a cumhach. Conditional clause, clàs cumhach. Conditional tense, tràth cumhach. This is the word ending which normally occurs in the dialect for the second person singular of the conditional tense, ’s e seo an deireadh-facail a gheibhear am bitheantas san dualchainnt air an dàra pearsa shingilte den tràth chumhach
conduct n dòigh-chumail f, gen dòighe-cumail. The time, place and conduct of meetings will ensure that all families have an equal opportunity to be involved in the running of the pre-school, nithear cinnteach a thoradh air àm, àite agus dòigh-chumail nan coinneamhan gu bheil cothrom co-ionann aig a h-uile teaghlach gus a bhith an sàs ann an ruith na ro-sgoile
conduct v tr 1 cuir air adhart, vn cur air adhart. A history text is very different from instructions on how to conduct an experiment, tha teacsa eachdraidh gu math eadar-dhealaichte ri seòladh mu obair dhearbhaidh a chur air adhart
2 cuir an gnìomh, vn cur an gnìomh. Methods of planning, conducting and recording assessment in language, dòighean air a bhith a’ deasachadh, a’ cur an gnìomh agus a’ clàradh measaidh air cànain
3 giùlain, vn giùlan m. Conducting heat, a’ giùlan teas
conductor n stuth-giùlain m, pl stuthan-giùlain. A good conductor of heat, stuth-giùlain math teas
• nì-giùlain m, pl nithean-giùlain
cone n còn m, pl còin, pl cònan
confer v tr thoir, vn toirt f. It conferred a benefit on him, thug e buannachd dha
confession n 1 aideachadh m, gen aideachaidh, pl aideachaidhean
2 aidmheil f, gen aidmheile, pl aidmheilean. The Book of Confession of Faith, Leabhar Aidmheil a’ Chreidimh
confess v tr aidich, vn aideachadh m
confidence n 1 misneach f, gen misnich. It increases their confidence in addressing these issues, tha e a’ cur ri am misneach ann a bhith a’ cur aghaidh air na cùisean sin. To encourage confidence, gus misneach àrach. Lack of confidence in vocabulary, cion misnich a thaobh briathrachais. Drama gives pupils the confidence to become more able users of Gaelic, tha dràma a’ toirt misnich do chloinn a bhith a’ cleachdadh na Gàidhlig ann an dòigh nas comasaiche. As pupils gain in confidence, mar a bhitheas a’ chlann a’ gabhail misnich
2 earbsa f. Help pupils to develop confidence and pleasure in their own use of Gaelic, a’ cuideachadh na cloinne gus earbsa a bhith aca nan comas fhèin sa Ghàidhlig agus gus toileachas fhaotainn às sin
3 expressed with misneachail a. Spell less frequently used words with increasing confidence and accuracy, a’ sìor fhàs misneachail agus dòigheil ann a bhith a’ litreachadh fhaclan nach eilear a’ cleachdadh cho tric. With increasing confidence in personal narrative, mar a tha iad a’ fàs nas misneachaile ann an seanchas pearsanta. Pupils will develop confidence in the manipulation of punctuation, bidh a’ chlann a’ fàs nas misneachaile ann a bhith a’ làimhseachadh pungaidh
in confidence adv phr ann an dìomhaireachd. Staff will discuss the situation with the parents in confidence, nì an luchd-obrach beachdachadh air an t-suidheachadh leis na pàrantan ann an dìomhaireachd
confident a 1 misneachail. The teacher must create a climate in which all feel confident, feumaidh an tidsear suidheachadh a chruthachadh anns am bi gach neach a’ faireachdainn misneachail
2 expressed with misneach m aig. Until pupils are confident in identification of these distinguishing features, gus am bi misneach aig a’ chloinn ann a bhith ag aithneachadh nan comharraidhean eadar-dhealaichte seo. In small groups where the pupil feels confident, ann am buidhnean beaga far am bi misneach aig a’ phàiste
confidently adv le misneach. Helping pupils to speak confidently about themselves, a’ cuideachadh na cloinne gu bhith a’ labhairt le misneach mun deidhinn fhèin
confinement n (captivity) braighdeanas m, gen braighdeanais
confirm v tr 1 dearbh, vn dearbhadh m
2 daingnich, vn daingneachadh. I am writing to you to confirm that your post will end on 31 March, tha mi a’ sgrìobhadh thugad gus daingneachadh gun tig am dreuchd agad gu ceann air 31 Màrt
confirmed a dearbhta. The number of people who are confirmed as having the sickness is increasing, tha an àireamh dhaoine a tha dearbhta leis an tinneas a’ dol an àirde
conflict n 1 strì f. Show that they understand the following terms: plot, conflict, a’ nochdadh gun tuig iad na faclan a leanas: plota, strì. “Plot”, “dialogue”, “main character” and “conflict”, “plota”, “còmhradh”, “prìomh phearsa” agus “strì”. Conflict between characters, ideas and values, strì eadar pearsachan, bun-bheachdan agus an luach a tha air nithean. Discussions will take account of how relationships and conflicts are represented, bidh beachdachadh a’ coimhead ri riochdachadh air dàimh agus strì. Pupils will discuss conflicts, inter-relationships, bidh a’ chlann a’ beachdachadh air strì, eadar-dhàimh
2 còmhstri f. Coping with conflicts between values and feelings, a’ gabhail ri còmhstri eadar beachdan agus faireachdainnean
3 spàirn f. Texts in which there are characters whose emotional conflicts remain unresolved, teacsaichean anns a bheil pearsachan nach d’fhuair fuasgladh fhathast air an spàirn a tha anns na faireachdainnean aca
confluence n comar m, gen comair, pl comaran
conform v tr
conform to v phr thig a-rèir, vn tighinn a-rèir. The storage-tanks do not conform to the regulations, chan eil na tancaichean-stòraidh a’ tighinn a-rèir nan riaghailtean
confront v tr cuir aghaidh air, vn cur aghaidh air. Challenging them to make decisions and confront problems, gan cur gu dùbhlan gus co-dhùnaidhean a dhèanamh agus aghaidh a chur air duilgheadasan
confuse v tr
confused a breisleachail
confusion n breisleach m, gen breislich
congested a dùmhail
congestion n dùmhlachd f
conglomerate n (geology) co-cheirtlean m, gen & pl co-cheirtlein
conical a cònach. The rafters rested on the outer wall to form a conical structure, bha na cabair nan laighe air taobh a-muigh a’ bhaile, rud a dhèanadh structar cònach
conifer n 1 cònaifear m, gen cònaifeir, pl cònaifearan
2 craobh f chònaifearach, gen craoibhe cònaifearaich, pl craobhan cònaifearach
• craobh f chònach, gen craoibhe cònaich, pl craobhan cònach
coniferous a cònaifearach. A coniferous wood, coille chònaifearach
• cònach
conjecture n 1 tuairmeas m, gen tuairmeis. All this is merely conjecture, in the absence of evidence, chan eil ann a sin uile ach tuairmeas, ann an uireasbhaidh fhianaise
2 barail m, gen baralach, pl barailean, baralaichean
conjugate v tr co-naisg, vn co-nasgadh m
conjugation n co-nasgadh m, gen co-nasgaidh, pl co-nasgaidhean
conjunction n naisgear m, pl naisgearan, Augmented conjunction, naisgear leasaichte
in conjunction with prep phr ann an co-bhonn ri. In conjunction with parents and pupils themselves, ann an co-bhonn ri pàrantan agus ris a’ chloinn fhèin
conjunctive n naisgeil. Conjunctive phrase, abairt naisgeil. Conjunctive particle, mion-fhacal naisgeil
conjunctivitis n tuinnteas m, gen tuinntis
conjure v i dèan seunadaireachd, vn dèanamh seunadaireachd
conjuring n seunadaireachd f
conjurer n seunadair m, pl seunadairean
connect v tr ceangail, vn ceangal m
connected a ceangailte
connection n ceangal m, gen ceangail, pl ceanglaichean
connector n ceangladair m, pl ceangladairean. Tube connector, ceangladair tiuba
conquer v tr 1 buadhaich, vn buadhachadh m
2 thoir buaidh air, vn toirt buaidh air
conquest n buaidh f, gen buaidhe, pl buaidhean
conscious a mothachail
consciously adv gu follaiseach. Since they are important skills, they require to be deliberately and consciously taught, seach gur sgilean cudthromach iad feumar an teagasg a dh’aona ghnothach agus gu follaiseach
consecutive a expressed with 1 co-leanailteach. Consecutive clause, clàs co-leanailteach
2 an dèidh a chèile. Three consecutive days, trì làithean an dèidh a chèile
consensus n co-aontachd f. Tasks should have clear, identifiable objectives, achievable by group consensus, tha còir amasan soilleir a bhith aig iomairtean gus an aithnichear iad agus gus an ruigear orra le co-aontachd buidhne
consent n aonta, aontadh, gen aonta, aontaidh, pl aontan, aontaidhean
consequence n 1 toradh m, gen toraidh
2 buil f, gen buile
as a consequence of prep phr expressed with a bha. As a way of alleviating any difficulties experienced as a consequence of a later start in Gaelic, mar dhòigh air na duilgheadasan a lughdachadh a bhitheas acasan a bha na b’fhaide gun tòiseachadh anns a’ Ghàidhlig
conservation n 1 glèidhteachas m, gen glèidhteachais
2 caomhnadh m, gen caomhnaidh. Conservation of energy, caomhnadh lùtha
conservationist n neach-glèidhteachais m, pl luchd-glèidhteachais
Conservative n Tòraidh m, pl Tòraidhean
Conservative a Tòraidheach. The Conservative Party, am Pàrtaidh Tòraidheach
consider v tr 1 beachdaich air, vn beachdachadh air. Reflecting on and considering their own feelings, a’ meòrachadh agus a’ beachdachadh air an cuid fhaireachdainnean fhèin. Accents will be a term used in considering diversity in spoken Gaelic, ’s e briathar a tha ann am blas a bhithear a’ cleachdadh ann am beachdachadh air iomadalachd sheòrsachan cainnt-bheòil Ghàidhlig. The term is useful in considering texts which have been designed for a specific audience, tha an t-ainm feumail ann a bhith a’ beachdachadh air teacsaichean a chaidh a dhealbhadh airson luchd-amais àraidh. This can be considered in the supportive situation of small groups, faodar beachdachadh air seo ann an suidheachadh taiceil bhuidhnean beaga. In considering content, ann a bhith a’ beachdachadh air susbaint
2 gabh beachd air, vn gabhail beachd air. They will be encouraged to consider the ways stories and other texts are structured, bithear gam misneachadh gus beachd a ghabhail air mar tha stòiridhean agus teacsaichean eile air an cur ri chèile. Pupils might consider the feelings of characters, dh’fhaodadh a’ chlann beachd a ghabhail air faireachdainnean nam pearsachan. They should consider the contribution to the text of sound effects, bu chòir dhaibh beachd a ghabhail air na thathar a’ cur ris an teacsa le buaidhean fuaim. In considering content an assessment should clearly relate to the particular purpose of the talk or writing, ann a bhith a’ gabhail beachd air susbaint tha còir aig measadh a bhith ann an dàimh shoilleir ri adhbhar sònraichte a’ ghnìomha, eadar labhairt is sgrìobhadh
3 thoir an aire do, vn toirt an aire do. Pupils should actively consider audience needs, tha còir aig a’ chloinn an deagh aire thoirt do fheuman an luchd-èisteachd
4 thoir aire do, vn toirt aire do. In order to consider the specific audiences for whom texts have been designed, gus aire thoirt don luchd-amais àraidh a chaidh teacsaichean a dheilbh dhaibh
5 thoir fa-near, vn toirt fa-near. They will help pupils to consider audience needs, cuidichidh iad a’ chlann ann a bhith a’ toirt feuman luchd-amais fa-near. Discussion will help pupils to reflect, consider and begin to re-shape their stories, bidh beachdachadh na chuideachadh don chloinn gu bhith a’ cnuasachadh agus a’ toirt fa-near agus a’ tòiseachadh air ath-chumadh a dhèanamh air an cuid stòiridhean
6 gabh ealla ri, vn gabhail ealla ri. The school will consider the need for carefully structured programmes of study, gabhaidh an sgoil ealla ris gu bheil feum air prògraman obrach a tha air an deilbh gu faiceallach
considered a 1 beachdaichte. His considered advice, a chomhairle bheachdaichte
2 expressed with làn. Provide either orally or in writing a considered personal view, a’ toirt, ann an cainnt-bheòil no ann an sgrìobhadh, làn bheachd pearsanta
considerable a 1 (a) mòr
(b) gu math mòr
2 expressed with tomhas m mòr de. This is a sarcastic song in which the bard makes considerable use of irony, ’s e òran-magaidh a tha seo anns a bheil am bard a’ dèanamh tomhas mòr de dh’fheum de dh’ìoronas
considerably adv expressed with mòr a. The pace at which they progress through the curriculum will vary considerably, bidh diofar mòr anns an astar a bhitheas aca a’ dol tron chlàr-theagaisg
considerate a smaoineachail
consideration n 1 (a) beachdachadh m, gen beachdachaidh
(b) expressed with a bhith a’ beachdachadh. When a consideration of visual elements is essential, agus gun seachnadh air a bhith a’ beachdachadh air nithean faicsinneach
2 expressed with beachdaich, vn beachdachadh m. All such steps will be taken after consideration of pupil progress, cha dèanar dad de na dh’ainmicheadh an seo gus an tèid beachdachadh air adhartas na cloinne
3 expressed with thoir fa-near, vn toirt fa-near. Pupil self- and peer-evaluation will include consideration of the success with which information transfer took place, bidh a’ chlann a’ breithneachadh orra fhèin ’s air an co-aoisean agus a’ toirt fa-near dè cho math ’s a chaidh fiosrachadh a lìobhraigeadh
4 expressed with cuir diù ann. To give them sympathetic consideration, gu bhith a’ cur diù annta
5 aire f. Pupils will give consideration to some of the main ways in which sentences are constructed and punctuated, bidh a’ chlann a’ toirt aire do cuid de na prìomh dhòighean air seantansan a dheilbh agus a phungadh
consist v i bi plus an prep. Their own stories may consist of a single sentence, faodaidh nach bi nan cuid stòiridhean fhèin ach aon seantans a-mhàin
consisting of prep phr expressed with an prep. Pupils will be able to understand short, straightforward texts consisting of familiar language in a familiar context, thèid aig a’ chloinn air tuigse a dhèanamh air teacsaichean goirid, furasta ann an cainnt agus ann an suidheachadh air a bheil iad eòlach
consistency n 1 expressed with den aon seòrsa. To ensure consistency of approach in writing reports, gus dèanamh cinnteach gu bheil dòighean den aon seòrsa ann air a bhith a’ sgrìobhadh aithisgean
2 expressed with co-ionnanachd f. To ensure progression, balance and consistency of approach and content at different ages and stages, gus daingneachadh a dhèanamh air leantainneachd agus air co-ionnanachd a thaobh dhòighean teagaisg agus a thaobh na thathar a’ teagasg aig caochladh aoisean agus ìrean
consistent a 1 expressed with a tha cunbhalach. Teachers will have the security of working within a consistent language programme, gheibh tidsearan neart o bhith ag obair taobh a-staigh prògram-cànain a tha cunbhalach
2 expressed with gu cunbhalach adv. A pupil’s progress through the attainment targets will not necessarily be consistent across the main components of Gaelic, chan eil e do-sheachnaichte gum bi am pàiste a’ gluasad gu cunbhalach feadh uile bhuilean na gàidhlig. Situations which will permit them to make consistent progress, suidhichidhean a bheir cothrom dhaibh a bhith a’ dèanamh adhartais gu cunbhalach
consistent with prep phr 1 a-rèir. Consistent with the above, a-rèir nam molaidhean sin
2 ann an dàimh ri. The ways in which they assess their pupils’ progress should be consistent with that general guidance, tha còir aig na dòighean anns am bi iad a’ measadh adhartas na cloinne aca a bhith ann an dàimh ris an stiùireadh choitcheann sin
consistently adv gu cunbhalach. That the pupil can consistently employ a fluent style of hand-writing, gum bi a’ chlann gu cunbhalach a’ cleachdadh stoidhle shiùbhlach làmh-sgrìobhaidh
consolidate v tr 1 bonntaich, vn bonntachadh m. Teachers will introduce reading and writing to consolidate language previously learnt, bheir na tidsearan leughadh agus sgrìobhadh a-staigh gus a’ chànain a chaidh ionnsachadh roimhe seo a bhonntachadh
2 daingnich, vn daingneachadh m. These skills will be consolidated by the repetition of language, bidh na sgilean seo air an daingneachadh le atharrais air cainnt. To consolidate their skills in Talking, gus na sgilean labhairt aca a dhaingneachadh
consolidation n daingneachadh m, gen daingneachaidh. Frequent consolidation of new language, daingneachadh gu minig air cainnt ùir
consolidation mod bonntachaidh. The consolidation phase, an fho-rèis bhonntachaidh
consonance n uaithne f
consonant n connrag f, gen connraig, pl connragan. A consonant group, còmhlan-chonnrag. This pronunciation, as palatal “-nt-”, occurs generally in the dialect for the palatal consonant group “-thn-”, gheibhear am fuaimneachadh seo, mar “-nt-” phalatach, am bitheantas san dualchainnt a tha ann air a’ chòmhlan-chonnrag “-thn-” phalatach
constancy n co-sheasmhachd f
constant n (physics) co-sheasmhach m, gen co-sheasmhaich, pl co-sheasmhaichean. Physical constants, co-sheasmhaichean fiosaigeach
constant a 1 (physics) co-sheasmhach. Constant acceleration, luathachadh co-sheasmhach. Constant rate of flow, ràta cho-sheasmhach shruthaidh
2 expressed with daonnan adv. Though they are in constant interaction, ged a tha iad daonnan ann an conaltradh ri chèile
constellation n reul-bhad m, gen reul-bhaid, pl reul-bhadan
constipated a 1 le teanntachd-cuim or le daingneachadh-cuim
2 costaidh
constipation n 1 teanntachd-cuim f
2 daingneachadh cuim m, gen daingneachaidh-chuim
constituency n 1 tighead m, gen tigheid
2 (parliamentary) (a) roinn-thaghaidh f, gen roinne-taghaidh, pl roinnean-taghaidh. The prospective parliamentary candidate for the SNP in Ochil constituency, an tagraiche pàrlamaid airson a’ Phàrtaidh Nàiseantaich ann an roinn-thaghaidh Ochaill
(b) sgìre-phàrlamaid, gen sgìre-pàrlamaid, pl sgìrean-pàrlamaid. We shall look at politics in this constituency, bidh sinn a’ sealltainn air poileataics anns an sgìre-phàrlamaid seo
constituent n (chemistry, linguistics) co-adhbhar m, gen co-adhbhair, pl co-adhbharan, co-adhbhair. Immediate constituents, co-adhbhair aithghearr
constitution n 1 (physical) (a) dèanamh m, gen dèanaimh
(b) nàdar m, gen nadair
2 (of society) bonn-stèidh m, gen & pl buinn-stèidh
3 (politics) bun-reachd m, pl bun-reachdan. A change in the country’s constitution, atharrachadh ann am bun-reachd na dùthcha
4 (historical) reachd m, pl reachdan
constitutional a expressed with bun-reachd. A constitutional convention, caidreachas bun-reachd
constraint n gainne f. There may be a constraint of time to be met, ’s dòcha gum feumar gabhail ri gainne ùine
construct v tr 1 cuir ri chèile, vn cur ri chèile. Construct, punctuate and link sentences, a’ cur ri chèile, a’ pungadh agus a’ ceangal sheantansan. The teacher may construct a text on blackboard, faodaidh an tidsear teacsa a chur ri chèile air a’ bhòrd-dhubh. How they operate to construct and convey meanings, mar tha iad sin ag oibreachadh gus brìgh a chur ri chèile agus a chur an cèill
2 cuir air dòigh, vn cur air dòigh. They will be constructed bearing in mind the above principles, cuirear iad air dòigh le aire thoirt do na prionnsabalan a chaidh an ainmeachadh
3 deilbh, vn deilbh f. Pupils will give consideration to some of the main ways in which sentences are constructed and punctuated, bidh a’ chlann a’ toirt aire do cuid de na prìomh dhòighean air seantansan a dheilbh agus a phungadh
construction n 1 deilbh f. Pupils will ensure that sentence construction is accurate and varied, bidh a’ chlann a’ dèanamh cinnteach gu bheil deilbh sheantansan neo-mhearachdach agus ioma-chruthach
2 expressed with cuir ri chèile, vn cur ri chèile. Principles for the construction of a school’s Gaelic programme, prionnsabalan airson prògram Gàidhlig sgoile a chur ri chèile
3 (building) togail f, gen togail and togalach, pl toglaichean
4 (grammar) gleus-cainnte m, pl gleusan-cainnte
construction mod 1 expressed with a bhith a’ cur rudan ri chèile. While involved in construction play, fhad ’s a tha iad an sàs a’ cluich air a bhith a’ cur rudan ri chèile
2 togail
constructive a feumail. Nurturing them in constructive, interesting ways, gan oideachadh ann an dòighean a tha feumail agus inntinneach
consult v tr 1 faigh comhairle bho, vn faotainn comhairle bho. Teachers may find it useful to consult the guidance, faodaidh e a bhith feumail do thidsearan comhairle fhaotainn bhon stiùireadh
2 dèan co-bhreithneachadh le, vn dèanamh co-bhreithneachaidh le. To this purpose social work will consult with relevant departments, a chum an adhbhair seo nì roinn na h-obrach sòisealta co-bhreithneachadh le roinnean iomchaidh eile
consultation n 1 co-bhreithneachadh, gen co-bhreithneachaidh. Following a period of consultation, an ceann greis de cho-bhreithneachadh
2 co-luadar m. A school’s policy will involve varying degrees of co-operation and consultation, bheir poileasaidh sgoile a-staigh co-oibreachadh agus co-luadar ann an tomhais eadar-dhealaichte
3 expressed with cuir comhairle ri, vn cur comhairle ri. All such steps will be taken after consultation with parents, cha dèanar dad de na dh’ainmicheadh an seo gus an cuirear comhairle ris na pàrantan
consultation mod co-bhreithneachaidh. Consultation paper, pàipear co-bhreithneachaidh
consultative a 1 expressed with stiùiridh. The Scottish Consultative Council on the Curriculum, a’ Chomhairle Stiùiridh air a’ Chlàr-Teagaisg ann an Albainn
2 breithneachaidh. A consultative document, paipear breithneachaidh
consumer n caitheadair m, pl caitheadairean
consumption n 1 caitheamh. Annual consumption of oil, caitheamh ola sa bhliadhna
2 Med a’ chaitheamh, gen na caitheimh
contact n 1 ceangal m, gen ceangail, pl ceanglaichean. Others may have no immediate contact with Gaelic, cuid eile, ’s dòcha, aig nach eil dlùth cheangal idir ris a’ Ghàidhlig
2 expressed with co-cheangailte. Treat all applicants for any position involving contact with children in the same way, dèilig ri tagraichean gu lèir airson suidheachadh sam bith co-cheangailte ri cloinn anns an aon dòigh
contact mod 1 suathaidh
2 brath. Emergency contact number, àireamh bhrath ann an suidheachadh-èiginn
contact lens n phr lionsa-suathaidh f, pl lionsaichean-suathaidh
contact v tr leig brath air, vn leigeil brath air. Should public swimming-pools be used, the person in charge of the pre-school must contact the manager of the facility prior to the visit, ma thèid amaran-snàimh poblach a chur am feum, feumaidh an neach a tha air ceann na ro-sgoile brath a leigeil air manaidsear a’ ghoireis mus bithear a’ tadhal air
contain v tr 1 (a) expressed with bi plus an prep. The mass-media contain materials ideal for language teaching, tha stuthan anns na mòr mheadhain a tha buileach freagarrach airson teagasg cànain. Texts containing information on which they have to make decisions and choices, teacsaichean anns a bheil fiosrachadh a dh’fheumas iad co-dhùnadh no roghainn a dhèanamh mu dheidhinn. Messages and tasks will contain more information, bidh am barrachd fiosrachaidh anns na fiosan agus na gnìomhan
(b) expressed with bi plus air. Each child’s record must contain at least one emergency contact number, feumaidh co-dhiù aon àireamh bhrath ann an suidheachadh-èiginn a bhith air bileag-chlàraidh gach neach-chloinne
2 expressed with faigh plus an prep, or plus air. The Western Highlands contain the oldest rocks in Britain, gheibhear air a’ Ghàidhealtachd an Iar na creagan as sine ann am Breatainn
3 gabh a-staigh. This unit of language may contain non-linguistic features of communication, faodaidh an t-aonad cànain seo seòrsachan co-luadair a ghabhail a-staigh nach buin do chànain
which contain v phr anns a bheil. Short texts which contain more than one item of information, teacsaichean goirid anns a bheil còrr is aon phìos fiosrachaidh
container n 1 soitheach m, gen soithich, pl soithichean. Fill the container with water, lìon an soitheach le uisge
2 bogsa-stòraidh m, pl bogsaichean-stòraidh. All toxic substances must at all times be stored in their original containers, feumar stuthan tocsaineach air fad a stòradh daonnan anns na bogsaichean-stòraidh tùsail aca
3 (transport) bogsa-luchd m, pl bogsaichean-luchd
contaminant n stuth m truaillidh, pl stuthan truaillidh
contaminate v tr truaill, vn truailleadh m
contaminated a 1 truaillidh. Contaminated water, uisge truaillidh
2 truaillte. Contaminated clothing, aodach truaillte
contamination n truailleadh m, gen truaillidh
contemplate v i beachd-smaoinich, vn beachd-smaoineachadh m
contemplation n beachd-smaoineachadh m, gen beachd-smaoineachaidh
contemporary n co-aois m, pl co-aoisean
contemporary a 1 co-aoiseach, comp co-aoisich
2 an latha an-diugh
3 expressed with a tha ann. That Gaelic should be the language through which the contemporary world and its culture are viewed, gur ann tro shùilean na Gàidhlig a chithear an saoghal a tha ann agus a chultar
4 expressed with a tha ann an diugh. The culture must be set predominantly within the contemporary world, feumar an dualchas a shuidheachadh gu seachd àraidh anns an t-saoghal a tha ann an diugh
5 expressed with an saoghal a th’ann. The main effort should be to stress the contemporary nature of Gaelic, tha còir am prìomh àite a thoirt do bhith a’ cur cudthroim air mar a bhuineas a’ ghàidhlig don t-saoghal a th’ann
contempt n tarcais f
beneath contempt adv phr expressed with suarach a. He is beneath contempt, tha e cho suarach ’s a th’ ann
content n 1 susbaint f. Identify features of form and content, a’ cur aithne air comharraidhean cruth is susbaint. Relevant content, susbaint iomchaidh. The programmes of study which follow provide some teaching and learning approaches, with examples of content, tha na Clàran Oideachaidh a leanas a’ tairgse cuid de dhòighean teagaisg agus ionnsachaidh, còmhla ri eisimpleirean susbaint. In their previous knowledge of the content, anns an eòlas a tha aca air an t-susbaint ro làimh. Once pupils anticipate the likely nature of the content of text, aon uair ’s gum bi dùil aig a’ chloinn ris an nàdar susbaint a tha dualtach a bhith anns an teacsa. Contents pages, duilleagan susbaint
2 expressed with na bheil ann. The study of genre helps pupils to see how the form and content of distinctive types of texts reflect their underlying purposes, cuidichidh beachdachadh air gnè a’ chlann gu bhith a’ tuigsinn mar tha cruth sheòrsachan àraidh de theacsaichean, agus na bheil annta, a’ comharrachadh nan adhbhar a tha air an cùl. To explore the nature and content of media in more discrete ways, a bhith a’ rannsachadh nàdar nam meadhan agus na bheil annta ann an dòighean eadar-dhealaichte
3 expressed with na tha ann. Readers will be better able to comprehend the content of a text, bidh barrachd comais aig luchd-leughaidh air na tha anns an teacsa a thuigsinn. It is easy for them to discuss content and structure, tha e furasta dhaibh a bhith a’ beachdachadh air na tha ann agus air mar a tha e air a chur ri chèile
4 expressed with na tha…. By providing regular opportunities for choice about the content, process and sequence of their learning, le cothrom a thoirt dhaibh gu cunbhalach roghainn a dhèanamh anns na tha iad ag ionnsachadh agus anns an dòigh agus anns an òrdugh anns a bheil iad a’ dèanamh sin. To ensure progression, balance and consistency of approach and content at different ages and stages, gus daingneachadh a dhèanamh air leantainneachd agus air co-ionnanachd a thaobh dhòighean teagaisg agus a thaobh na thathar a’ teagasg aig caochladh aoisean agus ìrean
5 not expressed. Relating to the content and scope of Gaelic in the curriculum, a bhuineas do Ghàidhlig anns a’ chlàr-theagaisg
contents n pl 1 clàr-amais m, gen clàir-amais
2 clàr-innse m, gen clàir-innse. Show that they understand the following terms: index, contents, a’ nochdadh gun tuig iad na faclan a leanas: clàr-amais, clàr-innse
3 susbaint f. Contents pages, duilleagan susbaint
contents page n phr 1 duilleag-amais f, pl duilleagan-amais. The teacher will draw attention to titles and contents pages, bidh an tidsear a’ tarraing an aire gu tiotalan agus duilleagan-amais
2 duilleag shusbaint, pl duilleagan susbaint
3 clàr-amais m, gen clàir-amais. Using title, contents page and fly-leaf, a’ cleachdadh an tiotail, a’ chlàir-innse agus na h-eadar-dhuilleig
context n 1 suidheachadh m, gen suidhichidh, pl suidhichidhean. In an appropriate context, ann an suidheachadh iomchaidh. The contexts in which Gaelic is expressed and received, na suidhichidhean anns a bheil a’ Ghàidhlig air a cur an cèill ’s air a gabhail a-staigh. In a range of contexts, ann an caochladh shuidhichidhean. In a rich variety of contexts, ann am pailteas sheòrsachan shuidhichidhean. In contexts such as in-service activities, ann an suidhichidhean mar ghnìomhan in-sheirbheis. Contexts are the motivating situations within which teaching, learning and assessment activities take place, is ann an suidhichidhean a ghluaiseas an inntinn a thèid gnìomhan teagaisg, ionnsachaidh agus measaidh air adhart. It also provides contexts to develop language in simulated situations, gheibhear suidhichidhean às cuideachd gus cànain adhartachadh ann an suidhichidhean samhlachail
2 suidheachadh m iomchaidh, gen suidheachaidh iomchaidh. Schools should provide learning activities within a context, tha aig sgoiltean ri gnìomhan ionnsachaidh a thairgse taobh a-staigh suidheachaidh iomchaidh
3 coitheacsa m, pl coitheacsaichean. The professional judgements which will form the basis of the report to parents, which is set in the context of these guidelines, am breithneachadh proifeiseanta a bhitheas na bhunait aig an aithris do phàrantan, a tha air a cur ann an coitheacsa a’ chlàir-stiùiridh seo. Challenging them to make decisions and confront problems within motivating and supportive contexts, gan cur gu dùbhlan gus co-dhùnaidhean a dhèanamh agus aghaidh a chur air duilgheadasan, taobh a-staigh coitheacsan a tha gan gluasad agus a’ cumail taice riutha
4 cuspair m, pl cuspairean. In contexts appropriate to the needs of individuals, an lùib chuspairean a tha freagairt air feuman na cloinne fa leth
5 expressed with earrann f. Situations where the school provides the main context in which Gaelic is encountered, suidhichidhean anns a bheilear a’ coinneachadh ris a’ Ghàidhlig anns a’ mhòr earrainn san sgoil fhèin
6 not directly expressed. This work should be set within a context based on work appropriate to the age of the pupils, bu chòir don obair seo a bhith air a suidheachadh gus freagairt air cloinn den aois seo
7 not expressed. To provide a wider range of situations and contexts, gus àireamh nas motha de shuidhichidhean a chur an tairgse na cloinne
in the context of prep phr 1 expressed with ann an co-cheangal ri. In the context of their own reading, ann an co-cheangal ris an leughadh aca fhèin
2 expressed with an dàimh ri. The advice offered here should be read in the context of Part 1, bu chòir a’ chomhairle a thathar a’ tairgse an seo a leughadh an dàimh ri Pàirt 1
3 expressed with ann an suidhichidhean plus an. Non-narrative writing is often undertaken in the context of other curriculum areas, bidh sgrìobhadh neo-sheanchasail gu tric ga ghabhail os làimh ann an suidhichidhean eile sa chlàr-theagaisg
contextual a suidheachaidh. Teachers will help pupils to use pictorial and contextual cues, bidh tidsearan a’ cuideachadh na cloinne gu bhith a’ cleachdadh comharraidhean dhealbh agus suidheachaidh
contextualisation n expressed with ceangailte ri suidhichidhean. Integration and contextualisation within classwork, obair a’ chlas a bhith co-òrdaichte agus ceangailte ri suidhichidhean
continent n 1 (geography) (a) mòr-roinn f, pl mòr-roinnean. Africa is a continent, ’s e mòr-roinn a tha ann an Afraga. The five continents, na còig mòr-roinnean
(b) mòr-thìr f, pl mòr-thìrean
2 (familiar) The Continent, Tìr-mòr na Roinn-Eòrpa. On the Continent, ann an Tìr-mòr na Roinn-Eòrpa
continental a 1 (geography) (a) mòr-roinneach. The continental shelf, an sgeilp mhòr-roinneach
(b) mòr-thìreach
2 (familiar) a bhuineas do Thìr-mòr na Roinn-Eòrpa
continual a
continually adv 1 a-ghnàth
2 expressed with repetition of adv plus gun sgur. But genres are capable of being continually refined, ach faodar gnè a dhèanamh nas mìne agus nas mìne, gun sguir
continue v tr & i 1 (a) (i) lean air, vn leantainn air. To enable pupils to continue the study of Gaelic, gus comas a thoirt do chloinn leantainn orra leis a’ Ghàidhlig. Some pupils may continue to achieve at Level A, faodaidh cuid leantainn orra gan coileanadh fhèin aig Ìre A. The teacher will continue to make opportunities for functional listening, leanaidh an neach-teagaisg air cothrom a thoirt air èisteachd ghnìomhachail. The work should be continued until pupils are confident, bu chòir leantainn air an obair gus am bi misneach aig a’ chloinn. They will continue to be applied at later levels, leanar air an cleachdadh aig na h-ìrean as a dhèidh sin. Pupils’ development will be continued, leanar air fàs na cloinne. The teacher will continue to make explicit, leanaidh an tidsear air a bhith a’ soilleireachadh. Skills of selecting facts will continue to be developed, leanar air a bhith a’ toirt fàis air sgilean taghadh fìorsgeoil. Radio programmes can be introduced at Intermediate and continued at Level E, faodar prògraman rèidio a thoirt a-steach aig Meadhan Ìre agus faodar leantainn orra sin aig Ìre E
(ii) (of a speaker) expressed with lean ort ag ràdh, vn leantainn ort ag ràdh. “We should therefore try to help rather than hinder,” he continued, “feumaidh sinn mar sin feuchainn ri cuideachadh a dhèanamh agus chan e bacadh,” lean e air ag ràdh
(b) lean, vn leantainn. It is assumed that work in this area will continue, gabhar ris gum bi obair anns an àrainn seo a’ leantainn. This is a debate that will continue, ’s e deasbad a tha seo a leanas. For those who have attained Level E work should continue in a progressive fashion, iadsan a tha air Ìre E a choileanadh, tha còir gun leanadh an obair aca ann an dòigh adhartach
2 (a) cum ort, vn cumail ort. That children fluent in Gaelic are enabled to continue developing fully their linguistic skills, gun tèid aig a’ chloinn a tha fileanta air cumail orra a’ toirt nan sgilean cànain aca gu làn ìre. They are going to continue trying to get compensation from the company, tha iad a’ dol a chumail orra a’ feuchainn ri airgead-dìolaidh fhaighinn bhon chompanaidh
(b) cum a’ dol, vn cumail a’ dol. This approach should be continued into secondary, bu chòir an dòigh-obrach seo a chumail a’ dol san àrdsgoil
3 buanaich, vn buanachadh m. Sometimes this rhyme continues on the same sound through more than one verse, uaireannan tha an comhardadh seo a’ buanachadh air an aon fhuaim tro bharrachd is aon rann
5 expressed with sìor plus v. The diversity and demand of functional listening will continue to grow, bidh farsaingeachd èisteachd ghnìomhachail, agus na thathar a’ sùileachadh leatha, a’ sìor fhàs. Which continues to add to the discussion, a tha a’ sìor chur ris a’ bheachdachadh. Water demand continues to increase, both for domestic purposes and for industry, tha an t-iarraidh air uisge a’ sìor dhol am meud, an dà chuid a thaobh feumalachdan taighe agus ann an gnìomhachas
6 expressed with fhathast. Much of what is already offered will probably continue to be suitable, tha e a cheart cho dòcha gum bi na thathar a’ tairgse cheana fhathast freagarrach. They will continue to respond by investigating a text using discussion, bidh iad fhathast a’ rannsachadh teacsa tro cho-bheachdachadh. To ensure that Gaelic continues to be acquired, gus dèanamh cinnteach gum bi a’ Ghàidhlig fhathast ga togail
7 expressed with comp of a. Development will continue in terms of maturity and variety of text, bidh teacsaichean a’ fàs nas caochlaidiche agus nas adhartaiche
continuing a 1 expressed with lean, vn leantainn. There will be a continuing emphasis on oral skills, leanaidh cudthrom air sgilean labhairt
2 not directly expressed. Such knowledge should support and supplement the continuing, natural processes of language acquisition, tha còir aig eòlas den t-seòrsa seo cur ris na bheil a’ dol air adhart gu nàdarrach ann an togail cànain, agus sin gu taiceil
continuity n 1 leantainneachd f
2 expressed with leantainneach a. To ensure balance, breadth, continuity, coherence and progression gus cùisean a dhèanamh da-rireabh cothromach, farsaing, leantainneach, cunbhalach agus adhartach
continuous a 1 leantainneach, comp leantainniche ; also leanailteach, comp leanailtiche, and leantaileach, comp leantailiche. Within a curriculum that is balanced, has breadth, and is continuous, ann an clàr-teagaisg a tha cothromach, farsaing agus leantainneach. Their education must be continuous, feumaidh am foghlam a bhith leantaileach. Evidence for the halt of the glacier can be seen in the form of a remarkably continuous end-moraine, gheibhear dearbhadh air mar a stad an eigh-shruth ann am moraine-chrìche a tha gu sònraichte leantainneach. This word is used with a continuous sense, tha am facal seo air a chleachdadh le brìgh leanailteach
2 ro-leantainneach. A coherent, continuous and challenging programme of work, prògram obrach a tha ro-leantainneach agus òrdail agus a tha gan cur gu dùbhlan
continuum n sreath f leantainneach. In Gaelic there is a continuum of special educational needs, tha sreath leantainneach de dh’fheuman foghlaim shònraichte anns a’ Ghàidhlig
contour n
contour line n phr loidhne f cho-àirde, pl loidhneachan co-àirde
• loidhne f airde-fearainn, pl loidhneachan àirde-fearainn
contract n 1 cùmhnant m, gen cùmhnaint, pl cùmhnantan
2 cùnnradh m, gen cùnnraidh, pl cùnnraidhean
contract mod cùmhnaint. Contract companies, companaidhean cùmhnaint
contract v i 1 (on cooling) dùmhlaich, vn dùmhlachadh m
2 (linguistics) giorraich, vn giorrachadh m
3 (of illness) tog, vn togail f. Any staff member who contracts a persistant cough must withdraw from work, ma thogas neach sam bith den luchd-obrach casad leanailteach feumaidh i/e tarraing a-mach às a cuid/chuid obrach
contraction n 1 (on cooling) dùmhlachadh m, gen dùmhlachaidh
2 (linguistics) giorrachadh m, gen giorrachaidh
contractor n cùnnradair m, pl cùnnradairean
contrast n 1 iomsgaradh m, gen iomsgaraidh
2 expressed with dèan eadar-dhealachadh, v n dèanamh eadar-dhealachaidh. To make comparisons and contrasts between their own experiences and those depicted in the text, gu bhith a’ coimeas an fhiosrachaidh aca fhèin agus an fhiosrachaidh a tha air a chur a-mach anns na teacsaichean, agus a’ dèanamh eadar-dhealachaidh eatarra
in contrast adv phr eadar-dhealaichte ris an seo
contrast v tr 1 cuir o chèile, vn cur o chèile. Techniques such as comparing and contrasting different texts, dòighean obrach mar tha coimeas theacsaichean eadar-dhealaichte agus gan cur o chèile
2 dèan iomsgaradh eadar, vn dèanamh iomsgaraidh eadar
contrasting a eadar-dhealaichte. There will also be variations on these contrasting situations, bidh caochladh sheòrsachan ann, cuideachd, de na suidhichidhean eadar-dhealaichte seo
contribute v tr & i 1 thoir seachad, vn toirt seachad. The teacher will encourage pupils to make reference to information contributed by others, bidh an tidsear a’ misneachadh na cloinne gu bhith a’ toirt tarraing air fiosrachadh a thug feadhainn eile seachad
2 expressed with faigh an. The catalogue will contribute information on progress in aspects of reading and writing, gheibhear fiosrachadh air adhartas ann an cùisean leughaidh agus sgrìobhaidh anns a’ chatalog
contribute to v phr 1 cuir ri. It will contribute to learning, bidh i a’ cur ri ionnsachadh. That pupils show an understanding of specific details of a text and how they contribute to the whole, gum bi a’ chlann a’ nochdadh gu bheil tuigse aca air pàirtean sònraichte de theacsa, agus mar a tha aid sin a’ cur ris anns an iomlanachd. Pupils will identify factors in the text that contribute to enjoyment and enrichment, bidh a’ chlann a’ comharrachadh nithean anns an teacsa a tha a’ cur ri tlachd is toradh. A natural way of contributing to the acquisition of Gaelic, dòigh nàdarrach air a bhith a’ cur ri ionnsachadh na Gàidhlig
2 gabh pàirt, vn gabhail pàirt. It is essential that situations are designed by the teacher to motivate the pupils to contribute willingly, feumaidh an tidsear suidhichidhean a dhealbhachadh gus a’ chlann a ghluasad gu bhith a’ gabhail pàirt gu toileach
3 expressed with gu h-iomchaidh adv. Respond by contributing, with support, to the purpose of the activity, a’ freagairt, le taice, gu h-iomchaidh ri adhbhar na h-obrach
contribution n 1 expressed with na bheir seachad or na tha … a’ toirt seachad. As their contributions are valued, they will learn to value others’ contributions, mar a chuirear meas air na bheir iad seachad bidh iad ag ionnsachadh meas a chur air na bheir càch seachad. To accept the value of their contributions, a bhith a’ gabhail ri cho fiachail ’s a tha na tha iad a’ toirt seachad. Pupils will comment on the contribution of features, bidh a’ chlann a’ toirt beachd air na tha nithean anns an teacsa a’ toirt seachad. It is easy for them to evaluate and learn to value the contribution of others, tha e furasta dhaibh a bhith a’ breithneachadh air na tha càch a’ toirt seachad agus a bhith ag ionnsachadh luach a chur air
2 expressed with cuir a-staigh, vn cur a-staigh. There must be some contribution in the interim, feumaidh rudeigin a bhith air a chur a-staigh san eadar-ama
3 expressed with na their. Pupils are expected to take account of the contributions of others, thathar a’ sùileachadh gum bi a’ chlann a’ gabhail ealla ris na their càch
contribution to n phr 1 expressed with na tha … a’ cur ri. They should consider the contribution to the text of sound effects, bu chòir dhaibh beachd a ghabhail air na thathar a’ cur ris an teacsa le buaidhean fuaim. Pupils will comment on the contribution of features of language and style to the overall effect of the text, bidh a’ chlann a’ toirt beachd air na tha cùisean cànain is stoidhle a’ cur ri làn bhuaidh an teacsa. Those which make a positive contribution to the pupil’s learning, an fheadhainn a tha a’ cur gu taiceil ri ionnsachadh a’ phàiste
3 expressed with a chur ri. An enhanced contribution to pupils’ social and intellectual growth, barrachd ga chur ri fàs sòisealta agus ceudfathach na cloinne
control n 1 smachd m. A sense of purpose and audience gives greater control, tha mothachadh air adhbhar ’s air luchd-amais a’ toirt barrachd smachd. As control over these newly acquired skills increases, mar a bhitheas smachd air na sgilean ùra seo a’ dol am meud. Through control of sentence structure, tro smachd air cumadh sheantansan
2 (in experiment) ball-coimeis m, gen & pl buill-choimeis
control mod stiùiridh. Control room, seòmar-stiùiridh. Control tower, tùr-stiùiridh
controls n pl uidheam-smachd m, gen uidheim-smachd
control v tr cùm smachd air, vn cumail smachd air
controversial a connspaideach, comp connspaidiche
controversy n connspaid f. There is one other thing that has caused much controversy, tha aon nì eile ann a tha air connspaid mhòr a thogail
conurbation n 1 co-bhailteachas m, gen co-bhailteachais, pl co-bhailteachasan. The Birmingham conurbation, co-bhailteachas Birmingham
2 sgìre-bhailtean f, pl sgìrean-bhailtean
convection n 1 cuairt-bhlàiths f
2 co-ghiùlan m, gen co-ghiùlain
convection cell n phr cealla f chuairt-bhlàiths, pl ceallan cuairt-bhlàiths
convection current n phr sruth m cuairt-bhlàiths, pl sruthan cuairt-bhlàiths
convection rainfall n phr sileadh-uisge f cuairt-bhlàiths
convenient a goireasach, comp goireasaich
convention n 1 (a) cleachdadh m, gen cleachdaidh, pl cleachdaidhean. Knowledge children have gained about the conventions of print itself, eòlas a fhuair a’ chlann mu chleachdaidhean clò fhèin. In the course of their own writing they will learn to use these conventions, ann a bhith a’ sgrìobhadh iad fhèin, ionnsaichidh iad na cleachdaidhean seo a chur gu feum. Conventions such as the simple use of comma and question mark will have already been discussed by the teacher, bidh an tidsear air beachdachadh cheana air cleachdaidhean sìmplidh mar tha a’ chromag agus an comharradh-ceiste. Pupils will act individually in collating information and applying conventions, bidh a’ chlann ag obair air an ceann fhèin, a’ tional fiosrachaidh agus a’ cur chleachdaidhean an greim
(b) cleachdadh m a bhuineas do, pl cleachdaidhean a bhuineas do. It is important that pupils learn precision in its conventions, tha e cudthromach gun ionnsaich a’ chlann a bhith mionaideach anns na cleachdaidhean a bhuineas dha
3 modh m, pl modhan. Pupils’ understanding of the nature, structure and conventions of Gaelic, tuigse na cloinne a thaobh nàdar, structar agus modhan na Gàidhlig
4 nòs m, pl nòsan. Making some use of appropriate literary conventions, leis na h-uiread de chleachdadh air nòsan-litreachais iomchaidh
5 (congress) caidreachas m, gen & pl caidreachais
conventional a cumanta. While most pupils will begin to use conventional formulae in Gaelic from an early stage, ged a bhitheas a’ mhòrchuid de chloinn a’ tòiseachadh air briathran cumanta ann an Gàidhlig a chleachdadh agus iad gu math òg
converge v i co-aom, vn co-aomadh m
converging mod aomaidh. Converging lens, lionsa cho-aomaidh
convergence n co-aomadh m, gen co-aomaidh
convergent a co-aomach
conversation n 1 còmhradh m, gen còmhraidh, pl còmhraidhean. Show that they can use at least the following terms: argument, statement, conversation, debate, a’ nochdadh gun cuir iad gu feum, air a’ char as lugha, na faclan a leanas: argamaid, ràdh, còmhradh, deasbad
2 expressed with bi a’ còmhradh. Pupils will practise their conversation in pairs, bidh a’ chlann a’ còmhradh nan càraidean
converse a expressed with eile
in the converse situation adv phr air an làimh eile
converse v i dèan còmhradh, vn dèanamh còmhraidh. To converse on a range of school subjects, còmhradh a dhèanamh air sreath chuspairean sgoile
convert v tr 1 (religion) iompaich, vn iompachadh m
2 atharraich, vn atharrachadh m. Conversion of the part of speech, atharrachadh na mìr-cainnte. A faint circle of stones to the north suggests this building was converted to its present shape from an earlier roundhouse, chithear cearcall blian de chlachan gu tuath, rud a dh’fhaodadh sealltainn gun deach an togalach seo atharrachadh don chumadh a tha aige an ceartuair bho thaigh-cruinn a bha ann aig àm na bu tràithe
convex a 1 os-cearclach
2 dronnach
convexo-concave a dronn-chuasach
convey v tr 1 cuir an cèill. To use Gaelic appropriately to convey meanings, a’ Ghàidhlig a chleachdadh gu h-iomchaidh gus iad fhèin a chur an cèill. Pupils will write to convey meaning in Gaelic appropriate to audience and purpose, bidh sgoilearan a’ sgrìobhadh ach an cuir iad brìgh an cèill ann an Gàidhlig mar a fhreagras air luchd-amais agus adhbhar. Conveying information, instructions and directions, a’ cur fiosrachaidh, seòlaidh agus stiùiridh an cèill. How they operate to construct and convey meanings, mar tha iad sin ag oibreachadh gus brìgh a chur ri chèile agus a chur an cèill
2 cuir, vn cur. Pupils will listen in order to convey real messages to another class or teacher, bidh a’ chlann ag èisteachd gus fiosan fìor a chur gu clas eile no gu tidsear eile
3 lìobhraig. Conveying information, instructions and directions, a’ lìobhraigeadh fiosrachaidh, seòlaidh agus stiùiridh
4 thoir. This Circular conveys guidance, tha a’ Chuairtlitir seo a’ toirt stiùiridh. Pupils will talk to convey information in a variety of contexts, bidh sgoilearan a’ labhairt ach an toir iad fiosrachadh ann an caochladh shuidhichidhean
5 thoir seachad, vn toirt seachad. To convey information, gus fiosrachadh a thoirt seachad. Convey and understand information about common topics, thoir seachad agus tuig fiosrachadh mu chùisean coitcheann
conveyor n inneal-giùlain m, gen inneil-ghiùlain, pl innealan-giùlain
conveyor-belt n 1 crios-giùlain m, gen crios-ghiùlain, pl criosan-giùlain
2 crios m siubhail, gen crios shiubhail, pl criosan siubhail. The cut coal is carried on a conveyor belt to be loaded into trucks, thèid an gual a tha air a ghearradh a ghiùlain air crios siubhail airson a lodadh air trucaichean
convict v tr dìt, vn dìteadh m (of, airson plus gen). Four people were convicted of that murder, chaidh ceathrar a dhìteadh airson a’ mhuirt sin. The family wish for the death penalty if they are convicted, tha an teaghlach airson gun tèid an cur gu bàs ma thèid an dìteadh
convulsion n uspag f, pl uspagan
cook v tr bruich, vn bruich f
cooked a bruich
cool a fionnar, comp fionnaire. It is cool today, tha e fionnar an diugh
cool v tr 1 fuaraich, vn fuarachadh m
2 fionnaraich, vn fionnarachadh m
cooled a fionnar. Cooled food, biadh fionnar
cooling a fuarachaidh
cooling tower n phr tùr m fuarachaidh, gen & pl tùir fhuarachaidh. The cooling towers of a power station, na tùir fhuarachaidh aig stèisean cumhachd
co-operate v i co-oibrich, vn co-oibreachadh m
co-operation n co-oibreachadh m, gen co-oibreachaidh. Including concern for tolerance, enjoyment and co-operation, a’ gabhail a-staigh a bhith a’ toirt àite do bheachdan chàich cho math ri toileachadh agus co-oibreachadh. A school’s policy will involve varying degrees of co-operation and consultation, bheir poileasaidh sgoile a-staigh co-oibreachadh agus co-luadar ann an tomhais eadar-dhealaichte. Co-operation between class teachers and learning support staff will be essential, bidh co-oibreachadh eadar tidsearan-clas agus tidsearan-taice fìor èiseil
co-operative a expressed with co-oibreachadh m an, gen co-oibreachaidh an. Co-operative writing and discussion will reinforce the role of audience, bidh co-oibreachadh ann an sgrìobhadh agus ann am beachdachadh a’ daingneachadh àite luchd-amais
co-operatively adv expressed with co-oibrich, vn co-oibreachadh m. They should be encouraged to work co-operatively, bu chòir am misneachadh gu bhith a’ co-oibreachadh
co-ordinate n co-chomharra m, pl co-chomharran. These targets also provide a set of co-ordinates, gheibhear o na cuimsean seo cuideachd cunntas cho-chomharran
co-ordinate a Gram co-inbheach. Co-ordinate clause, clàs co-inbheach
co-ordinate v tr co-òrdanaich, vn co-ordanachadh m
co-ordination n co-òrdanachadh m, gen co-òrdanachaidh. Using material to develop hand-eye co-ordination, a’ cleachdadh stuthan gus fàs a thoirt air co-òrdanachadh làimh-is-sùla. By releasing them from problems of poor co-ordination in handwriting, le bhith gan saoradh o thrioblaidean ceangailte ri co-òrdanachadh uireasbhaidheach ann an làmh-sgrìobhadh. These guidelines have implications for the co-ordination of policies, togar beachdan às an stiùireadh seo mu cho-òrdanachadh air poileasaidhean
cope v i dèan an gnothach, vn dèanamh a’ ghnothaich
cope with v i phr gabh ri, vn gabhail ri. Coping with conflicts between values and feelings, a’ gabhail ri còmhstri eadar beachdan agus faireachdainnean. Assessment should help to build the confidence necessary to cope with increasing challenge, tha còir gun tog measadh a’ mhisneach a dh’fheumar gus gabhail ris an dùbhlan mar a tha e a’ meudachadh. In coping with the future it is essential to have an understanding of the past, ann a bhith a’ gabhail ris na h-amannan a tha ri thighinn tha e do-sheachnaichte tuigse a bhith ann air an t-saoghal a bha ann
copper n copar m, gen copair
coppice v tr. The oaks were coppiced, rinneadh ros-chraobhan den darach
copse n 1 bad m (chraobh), gen baid, pl badan. An oak copse, bad daraich
2 frith-choille, f, pl frith-choilltean
copse mod (botany) doire. Copse bindweed, glùineach-dhoire
copula n 1 ceanglaiche m
2 copail f
copulative a 1 co-cheangalach
2 copaileach
copy n 1 lethbhreac m, gen & pl lethbhric
2 copaidh m, pl copaidhean
3 (writtenmaterial) ath-sgrìobhadh m, gen ath-sgrìobhaidh, pl ath-sgrìobhaidhean
4 not directly expressed. Producing a re-draft (which may be the final copy), a’ toirt ath-dhreachd gu buil (agus is dòcha gur e seo an dreachd chrìochnaichte)
copy v tr 1 (a) dèan lethbhreac de, vn dèanamh lethbhric de. Copy chart 1, dèan lethbhreac de chlàr 1
(b) dèan copaidh de, vn dèanamh copaidh de
2 ath-sgrìobh, vn ath-sgrìobhadh m
3 copaig, vn copaigeadh m
4 expressed with thoir sìos, vn toirt sìos. Copy this list of buildings in your book, thoir sios an liosta thogalaichean seo nad leabhar
coral n 1 (in rock pools, Lophelia pertusa etc) gròm m. Isn’t the coral in that pool pretty, nach brèagha an gròm a tha anns an òb sin
2 corail m, pl corailean; also coireal m, gen coireil, pl coirealan
coral, black n (Antipatharia) corail m dubh, gen corail dhuibh, pl corailean dubha
core n 1 cuairsgean m, gen cuairsgein, pl cuairsgeanan. An apple core, cuairsgean ubhaill
2 cridhe m. Core of the earth, cridhe na talmhainn. The wall was formed from two rings of stones with a core of earth and stone, rinneadh am balla de dhà chearcall de chlachan, le cridhe de dh’fhàl is de chloich eatarra
3 eitean m, gen eitein. Core of the earth, eitean na talmhainn
core mod expressed with bun-. Core course, bun-chùrsa. Core work, bun-obair. Ancillary material and facilities aimed at enhancement and enrichment of the core Gaelic course, stuthan faice agus sochairean faice a tha a’ cuimseachadh air leasachadh air a’ bhun-chùrsa Ghàidhlig agus air a bhith a’ cur ris
cork n 1 (a) àrc f, gen àirc, àirce, pl àrcan
(b) àrcan m, gen àrcain, pl àrcanan
2 crocas m, gen & pl crocais
corn n arbhar m, gen arbhair. Indian corn (maize), corn on the cob, arbhar Innseanach
corn mod arbhair. The corn belt, a’ bhann arbhair
corn n (on foot) farcan m, gen farcain, pl farcanan
corner n oisean m, pl oisein. At the street corner, aig oisean na sràide
activity corner n phr oisean-obrach m, pl oisein obrach
listening corner n phr oisean-èisteachd m. A listening corner is valuable, tha oisean-èisteachd gu math feumail
cornflakes n pl bleideagan f pl arbhair. A packet of cornflakes, pacaid bhleideagan arbhair
cornice n bàrr-maise m, gen barra-mhaise, pl barran-maise
Cornwall pr n A’ Chòrn f, gen na Cùirn
Cornish pr n (language) Còrnais f
Cornish a Còrnach
corporate a expressed with còmhla. The pupils can respond individually or in corporate discussion, faodaidh a’ chlann freagairt mar aon no ann an co-bheachdachadh còmhla
corrasion n caitheamh-creige m, gen caitheimh-chreige
• co-bhleith f
correct a ceart. Write each word in the correct column, sgrìobh gach facal anns a’ cholbh cheart. Models of correct practice can provide pupil reference, faodaidh eisimpleirean de dh’obair cheart a bhith nam fiosrachadh don chloinn
correctly adv gu dòigheil. Use capital letters and full stops correctly, a’ cleachdadh litrichean mòra agus puingean stad gu dòigheil
correct v tr dèan ceartachadh air, vn dèanamh ceartachaidh air. Pupils can check and correct spellings, faodaidh am pàiste dearbhadh is ceartachadh a dhèanamh air litreachadh
correction n ceartachadh m, gen ceartachaidh. As pupils learn to refine the meaning of their writing through correction and re-drafting, mar tha a’ chlann ag ionnsachadh loinn a chur air brìgh an cuid sgrìobhaidh tro cheartachadh agus tro ath-dhreachdadh
correlative n co-dhàimhear m, gen co-dhàimheir, pl co-dhàimhearan
correlative a co-dhàimheach
correspond v i 1 co-fhreagair, vn co-fhreagairt f
2 dèan co-sgrìobhadh, vn dèanamh co-sgrìobhaidh
3 sgrìobh gu, vn sgrìobhadh gu
corresponding a expressed with an co-cheangal ri seo. There will be a corresponding need for listeners to be more aware of purposes, an co-cheangal ri seo feumaidh luchd-èisteachd barrachd mothachaidh a bhith aca air adhbhair
correspondence n co-sgrìobhadh m, gen co-sgrìobhaidh
correspondent n 1 co-sgrìobhaiche
2 sgrìobhaiche
corrie n coire m, pl coireachan
corrosion n cnàmhadh m, gen cnàmhaidh
corrugated a preasach. Corrugated iron, iarann preasach
corruption n (crime) coirbteachd f
corry n, see corrie n
cosmonaut n speuradair m, pl speuradairean
cost n cosgais f, pl cosgaisean
cost v cosg, vn cosg m
cost-effective a cosg-èifeachdach. They enable information to be relayed by means of a fast and cost-effective electronic process, tha iad a’ toirt cothroim do dh’fhiosrachadh a bhith air a lìobhraigeadh tro mheadhan-dealain a tha an dà chuid luath agus cosg-èifeachdach
costume n aodach m, gen aodaich. Such as music, set and costume designs, mar tha ceòl, cruth stèidse agus dealbhachadh aodaich. Set and costume design, seata agus deilbh aodaich
cosy a seasgair
cottage n 1 taighe m, gen taighe, pl taighean. The schoolmaster used to live in the cottage across the road, bha am maighstir-sgoil a chòmhnaidh san taigh air taobh eile an rothaid
2 (a) bothan m, gen & pl bothain
(b) bothag f, gen bothaig, pl bothagan
(c) both m, gen botha, pl bothan
cotton n cotan m, gen cotain
cotton mod cotain. Cotton bandages, stalan cotain
cotton-wool n clòimh-chotain f, gen clòimhe-cotain
couch n 1 cùiste f, pl cùisteachan
2 uirigh f, pl uirighean
cough n casad m, gen casaid, pl caisaidean, casadan. Any staff member who contracts a persistant cough must withdraw from work, ma thogas neach sam bith den luchd-obrach casad leanailteach feumaidh i/e tarraing a-mach às a cuid/chuid obrach
cough v i 1 dèan casad, vn dèanamh casaid
2 bi a’ casadaich
keep coughing v phr expressed with bi plus casadan ort. I keep coughing, tha casadan orm
could v aux, see can v aux
council n comhairle f. Regional Council, Comhairle na Roinne. The Community Council, a’ Chomhairle Choimhearsnachd
councillor n comhairliche m, pl comhairlichean
count v tr & i cunnt, vn cunntadh. Counting beyond 20, a’ cunntadh thar 20. Counting to 10, a’ cunntadh gu 10. Counting back, on, a’ cunntadh air ais, air adhart
countenance n aogas m, gen aogais, pl aogaisean
counter n (shop) cunntair m, pl cunntairean
countess n ban-iarla f, pl ban-iarlan
country n dùthaich f, gen dùthcha, pl dùthchannan
Country Code pr n Còd na Dùthcha. You are asked to respect the Country Code, thathar ag iarraidh ort urram a shealltainn do Chòd na Dùthcha
in the country prep phr 1 air an dùthaich
2 a-muigh air an dùthaich. Upton is a small village in the country, ’s e baile beag a-muigh air an dùthaich a th’ ann an Upton
countryside n 1 dùthaich f, gen dùthcha
2 aghaidh f na dùthcha. Describe the countryside where Mary spent her holiday, thoir cunntas air aghaidh na dùthcha far an do chuir Màiri seachad a saor-làithean
county n siorrachd f, pl siorrachdan
couplet n leth-cheathramh m, gen leth-cheathraimh, pl leth-cheathramhan
course n cùrsa m, pl cùrsaichean. The lower course of the river, cùrsa ìochdrach na h-aibhne. The language programme may take the form of a progressive language course, faodaidh am prògram cànain a bhith ann an riochd cùrsa cànain a tha a’ dol air adhart ceum air ceum
in the course of prep phr 1 expressed with eadar. Should be attainable in the course of P1-P3, so-ruighinn eadar B1 agus B3
2 expressed with an prep. In the course of their own writing they will learn to use these conventions, ann a bhith a’ sgrìobhadh iad fhèin, ionnsaichidh iad na cleachdaidhean seo a chur gu feum
3 expressed with ann an co-cheangal ri. They will have already been discussed by the teacher in the course of pupils’ reading, bidh an tidsear air beachdachadh cheana orra ann an co-cheangal ri leughadh na cloinne
in the normal course of prep phr expressed with làitheil a. Pupils will pay attention to handwriting in the normal course of composing their own writing, bheir a’ chlann aire do làmh-sgrìobhadh ann a bhith a’ cur an cuid sgrìobhaidh làitheil ri chèile
of course conj phr 1 mar a bhitheadh dùil. Wooden or wattle fences which may also have been used do not, of course, now survive, is dòcha gu robhar a’ cleachdadh fheansaichean de dh’fhiodh no de chlèith-chaoil cuideachd, ach mar a bhitheadh dùil cha do dh’fhàg iad seo lorg sam bith
2 expressed with soilleir a. The bard is of course using hyperbole here, tha e soilleir gu bheil am bàrd ri aibheiseachadh an seo
court n (law) cùirt f, gen cùirte, pl cùirtean
court case n phr cùis-chùirte f, gen cùise-cùirte, pl cùisean-cùirte
court of appeal n phr cùirt f thagraidhean, pl cùirtean thagraidhean. In the Court of Appeal, ann an Cùirt nan Tagraidhean
courtesy n modh m làitheil
courtesy mod 1 modh, modha. Pupils will understand courtesy formulae, bidh a’ chlann a’ tuigsinn abairtean modh. Some everyday courtesy phrases, na h-uiread de dh’abairtean-modh. A range of simple courtesy formulas, sreath de dh’abairtean-modha sìmplidh
2 expressed with fàiltich v, vn fàilteachadh. Use courtesy formulas, a’ fàilteachadh cach a chèile
cousin n co-ogha m, pl co-oghaichean
cove n 1 òb m, gen òib, pl òban
2 bàgh m, gen bàigh, pl bàghan
cover n 1 còmhdach m, gen còmhdaich, pl còmhdaichean. The teacher will draw attention to covers and cover illustrations, bidh an tidsear a’ tarraing an aire gu còmhdaichean agus dealbhan-còmhdaich
2 brat m, gen brata, pl bratan
3 (insurance cover) urras m, gen urrais. All insurance should be checked regarding appropriate cover, is còir dearbhadh a dhèanamh air an àrachas air fad a thaobh a bheil urras freagarrach ann
cover mod còmhdaich
cover illustration n phr dealbh-chòmhdaich f, pl dealbhan-còmhdaich
coverlet n brat-uachdair m, pl bratan-uachdair
cover v tr 1 còmhdaich, vn còmhdach m. Look, cover, write, check is one example from several, tha seall, còmhdaich, sgrìobh, dearbh na aon eisimpleir a-mach à grunnan. All the important aspects are covered, na nithean cudthromach uile air an còmhdach
2 gabh a-staigh, vn gabhail a-staigh. It should cover the language of personal interaction, bu chòir cànain phearsanta eadar dhaoine a ghabhail a-staigh
3 coinnich ri, vn coinneachadh ri. Procedures must be in place to cover the event of illness or an accident, feumaidh dòighean-obrach a bhith stèidhichte a choinnicheas ri suidheachadh tinneis no tubaist
covered a còmhdaichte. These are called litter houses because the floor is covered with straw or shavings, canar taighean liteir riutha seo oir tha an làr còmhdaichte le connlach no slisnean fiodha
covert a falaichte
covertly adv os n-ìosal
cow n bò f, gen bà, dat boin, pl bà, pl gen bò; pl also crodh m, gen cruidh
milch-cow n bò-bhainne f, gen bà-bainne, pl bà-bainne, pl gen bò-bainne; pl also crodh-bainne m, gen cruidh-bhainne
cowboy n 1 gille-cruidh m, pl gillean-cruidh
2 balach-cruidh m, gen & pl balaich-cruidh
cow-catcher n glacadair-cruidh m, pl glacadairean-cruidh
cowherd n 1 buachaille m, pl buachaillean
2 buachaille-bhò m, pl buachaillean-bhò
cowshed n bàthach, bàthaich m & f, gen bàthaich, bàthcha, pl bàthaichean; or bàitheach m, gen bàithich, pl bàithichean. In the cowshed, anns a’ bhàitheach. She went to the cowshed, chaidh i don bhàitheach. The cowshed dung-heap, òtrach a’ bhàithich. He’s cleaning out the cowshed, tha e a’ cartadh a’ bhàithich
floor (under cow in cowshed) n imeach f
crab, edible (Cancer pagurus) n crùbag f, gen crùbaige, pl crùbagan
crab, shore (Carcinus maenas) n partan m, gen partain, pl partanan
crab, velvet swimming (probably Micropipus puber) n deisneag or deiseag f, gen deisneig, pl deisneagan
crab-apple n (Malus sylvestris) ubhal m fiadhain, gen ubhail fhiadhain, pl ùbhlan fiadhain
crab-apple tree n phr craobh-ubhail-fhiadhain f, gen craoibhe-ubhail-fhiadhain, pl craobhan-ubhail-fhiadhain
crack n sgàineadh m, gen sgàinidh, pl sgàinidhean
crack v tr & i sgàin, vn sgàineadh m
cracked a spealgte. Cracked ribs, aisnean spealgte
craft n ceàird f or ciùird f. The simpler aspects of the writer’s craft, na nithean as sìmplidh a bhuineas do cheàird an sgrìobhaiche. Reading to reflect on the writer’s ideas and craft, a’ leughadh gus meòrachadh air bun-bheachdan agus air ceàird an ùghdair. Gaelic arts and crafts should be displayed, bu chòir ealdhain agus ciùird Ghàidhlig a thaisbeanadh
crag n 1 (a) creag f, gen creige, pl creagan
(b) creagan m, gen creagain, pl creaganan
2 carraig f, gen carraige, pl carraigean
crag and tail n phr creag f is druim,
cramp n an fhorc f, gen na forc. My hand has got cramp, tha an fhorc nam làimh
crane n 1 crann-togail m, gen & pl crainn-thogail
2 crann m, gen & pl crainn
cranny n fròg f, gen fròige, pl frògan
crash v i 1 (a) buail, vn bualadh m. The car crashed into a tree, bhuail an càr ann an craobh. The two cars crashed into each other, bhuail an dà chàr na chèile
(b) buail (san talamh), vn bualadh (san talamh). The aeroplane crashed, bhuail in t-itealan san talamh
2 rach le brag, vn dol le brag. I’m going to crash into the pond, thèid mi le brag dhan linne
crate n cliath-bhogsa m, pl cliath-bhogsaichean
crater n cruinn-shloc m, gen cruinn-shluic, pl cruinn-shlocan
crawl v i 1 (on hands and knees) bi a’ smògail. The baby is crawling, tha an leanabh a’ smògail
2 (on hands and knees) falbh air smògan. He was crawling along the top of the dyke, bha e falbh air a smògan air mullach a’ ghàrraidh
cream n 1 uachdar m, gen uachdair
2 bàrr m, gen barra. The cream off the top of the milk, bàrr a’ bhainne
3 cè m. Skin-cream, cè-craicinn. Face-cream, cè-gnùise. Hand-cream, cè-làmhan. Antiseptic cream, cè antiseipteach
creamy a barragach, comp barragaiche
create v tr 1 cruthaich. vn cruthachadh m. The teacher must create a climate in which all feel confident, feumaidh an tidsear suidheachadh a chruthachadh anns am bi gach neach a’ faireachdainn misneachail. Pupils will create and read short texts, bidh a’ chlann a’ cruthachadh agus a’ leughadh theacsaichean goirid. The paragraph which sets out to create a character for a story, am paragraf a tha a’ cur roimhe pearsa a chruthachadh airson sgeulachd. It creates a sense of audience and purpose, tha e a’ cruthachadh mothachaidh air luchd-amais agus air adhbhar-sgrìobhaidh. In order to explore genres by creating their own examples, gus seòrsachan theacsaichean a rannsachadh le bhith a’ cruthachadh an cuid eisimpleirean fhèin. The water cycle is a closed system, since water is neither created nor destroyed, ’s e siostam dùinte a tha anns a’ chearcall uisge, oir chan eil uisge aon chuid air a chruthachadh no air a chur à bith
2 thoir am bith, vn toirt am bith. The aesthetic effects which language can create, na buaidhean ealdhain as urrainn do chànain a thoirt am bith. Thus in teaching pupils to tell the first part of a ghost story which is to create the setting for mysterious happenings, mar sin, ann a bhith ag ionnsachadh don chloinn mar a sgrìobhas iad a’ chiad phàirt de stòiridh mu thaibhseachan gus suidheachadh a thoirt am bith anns am bi nithean neònach a’ tachairt. A natural way of creating situations to investigate texts, dòigh nàdarrach air a bhith a’ toirt am bith suidhichidhean gus teacsaichean a rannsachadh
3 thoir gu bith, vn toirt gu bith. Language programmes that will create the best conditions for personal development, prògraman-cànain a bheir gu bith na suidhichidhean as fheàrr airson fàis phearsanta
4 thig am bith, vn tighinn am bith. Media education should help pupils to understand how and where media messages are created, bu chòir do dh’oideachadh anns na meadhain clann a chuideachadh gus tuigse fhaighinn air ciamar a tha teachdaireachdan nam meadhan a’ tighinn am bith, agus càit a bheil seo a’ tachairt
5 deilbh, vn deilbh f. Pupils are expected to create particular effects, thathar a’ sùileachadh gum bi a’ chlann a’ deilbh dhòighean-aithris sònraichte
6 cuir air chois, vn cur air chois. Through Drama, stimulating and exciting activities can be created to exercise the imagination, tro Dhràma faodar gnìomhan togarrach agus beothachail a chur air chois gus am mac-meanmna a ghluasad
7 cuir ri chèile, vn cur ri chèile. Pupils of all abilities create written texts, tha clann de gach comas a’ cur theacsaichean sgrìobhte ri chèile. Making photographs or slides to create a narrative, a’ dèanamh dhealbhan-camara no shleamhnan gus sgeul a chur ri chèile
8 expressed with dèan, vn dèanamh m. Media education encourages such learning by creating the desire to work with language, tha oideachadh mu na meadhain a’ misneachadh a leithid seo de dh’ionnsachadh le bhith gan dèanamh dèidheil air a bhith ag obair le cànain
created by prep phr expressed with mar thoradh air. Pupils can be made aware of differences in effects created by first or third person narrative, faodar mothachadh a thoirt don chloinn air eadar-dhealachaidhean ann am buaidhean a tha mar thoradh air seanchas anns a’ chiad no an treasa pearsa
creation n expressed with a bhith a’ cruthachadh. There is also a sense of purpose and structure since the creation of media products involves the children in learning skills, gheibh a’ chlann mothachadh cuideachd air adhbhar agus air structar, a chionn le bhith a’ cruthachadh adhbhair-mheadhain tha iad gan cur an greim ann a bhith a’ togail sgilean
creative a cruthachail. Creative writing, sgrìobhadh cruthachail. Or by some other creative activity, no le obair chruthachail eile
creative process n phr obair-chruthachaidh f, gen obrach-cruthachaidh, pl obraichean-cruthachaidh. It may be that the same kind of creative process is involved here somehow as results in the survival of the unstressed rhymes in the other songs, faodaidh e bhith gu bheil an aon seòrsa obrach-cruthachaidh a’ sàs ann, rathad-eigin, ’s a tha ag adhbharachadh gun do mhair na comhardaidhean gun chudthrom anns na h-òrain eile
creativity n cruthachadh m, gen cruthachaidh. As a medium for creativity, mar mheadhan cruthachaidh
creature n beathach m, gen beathaich, pl beathaichean
sea-creature n beathach-mara m, gen beathaich-mhara, pl beathaichean-mara
credence n creideas m, gen creideis. We might have given credence to part of it, dh’fhaodadh sinn a bhith air creideas a thoirt do phàirt dheth
creep v snàig, vn snàigeadh m
make spine creep v phr expressed with cuir gaoir ann am feòil. They must make the setting and expression eerie enough to make the readers’ spines creep, feumaidh iad an t-àite agus an dòigh-innse a dhèanamh cho uamhalta ’s gun cuir e gaoir ann am feòil an luchd-leughaidh
creeping a (botany) snàigeach. Creeping bellflower, flùr-cluigeanach snàigeach
crepe a creip. Crepe bandages, stalan creip
crescent n corran m, gen corrain, pl corranan
cress n biolar f, gen biolair
crest n 1 (tuft on bird) topan m, gen topain, pl topanan
2 (of hill) mullach m, gen & pl mullaich
• bearradh m, gen bearraidh, pl bearraidhean
3 bàrr m, gen barra, pl barran
crested a topanach
crevasse n 1 sgoltadh m, gen sgoltaidh, pl sgoltaidhean
2 (in ice) sgoltadh-eighe m, gen sgoltaidh-eighe, pl sgoltaidhean-eighe; sgoltadh-deighe m, gen sgoltaidh-deighe, pl sgoltaidhean-deighe
crevice n 1 sgoltadh m, gen sgoltaidh, pl sgoltaidhean
2 sgor m, gen sgoir, pl sgoran; sgoradh m, gen sgoraidh, pl sgoraidhean
3 còs m, gen còis, pl còsan
cricket n criogaid f
cricket mod criogaid. Cricket bat, slacan-criogaid
cricket, bush n (Tettigoniidae), see bush-cricket n
crime n eucoir f, gen eucorach, pl eucoirean
cripple n bacach m, gen & pl bacaich
crisp n 1 brisgean m, gen brisgein, pl brisgeanan
2 brisg f, gen brisge, pl brisgean
criterion n 1 comharra m, pl comharraidhean. They allow the teacher to share with pupils expectations and criteria for success and assessment, tha iad a’ toirt cothroim don tidsear a bhith a’ co-phàirteachadh ris a’ chloinn na thathar a’ sùileachadh bhuapa agus na comharraidhean a tha ann air soirbheachadh agus air measadh. These targets do not, however, provide detailed assessment criteria, a dh’aindeoin sin chan fhaighear o na cuimsean seo comharraidhean-measaidh mionaideach. It is important to note that teachers retain scope and responsibility to choose forms and criteria for assessment, tha e cudthromach a bhith a’ toirt an aire gu bheil fhathast cothrom aig tidsearan, agus uallach orra cuideachd, a bhith a’ taghadh mhodhan agus comharraidhean measaidh. The criteria are simply the grounds on which a judgement is going to be made about the pupil’s performance on a task, chan eil na comharraidhean ach dìreach airson breithneachadh a dhèanamh air mar a nì pàiste ann an gnìomh
2 comharra-stiùiridh m, pl comharraidhean-stiùiridh. Appropriateness of theme is a main criterion for choice of text, ’s e prìomh chomharra-stiùiridh air taghadh teacsa freagarrachd a’ chuspair. The principal criteria in setting attainment targets, am prìomh chomharra-stiùiridh ann a bhith a’ suidheachadh Cuimsean Coileanaidh
3 bun-chomharra m, pl bun-comharraidhean. It is important for the pupils to know what is to be learned, including the criteria for assessment. tha e cudthromach don chloinn fios a bhith aca air na tha ri ionnsachadh agus air na bun-chomharraidhean a tha an cois sin
4 tomhas m, pl tomhaisean. There is likely to be a clear set of criteria for assessment, bidh a h-uile coltas gum bi àireamh shoilleir ann de thomhaisean measaidh
critic n breithniche m, pl breithnichean
critical a 1 (a) breithneachail
(b)expressed with breithneachaidh. Not least to develop critical faculties and powers of discrimination, gu h-àraidh gus buadhan breithneachaidh a thoirt air adhart
(c) expressed with breithneachadh m, gen breithneachaidh. Writing concerned with close reading and critical responses to texts, sgrìobhadh a tha co-cheangailte ri leughadh mionaideach agus ri breithneachadh air teacsaichean
2 breithach
3 rannsachail. It can foster thinking and critical self-awareness, faodaidh e smuaineachadh agus fèin-mhothachadh rannsachail àrach
4 (a) expressed with lèir-mheasadh m, gen lèir-mheasaidh. pl lèir-mheasaidhean. In order to make critical evaluations of texts, gus lèir-mheasaidhean a dhèanamh air teacsaichean
(b) expressed with dèan measadh, vn dèanamh measaidh. The study of mass media enables pupils to increase their critical appreciation and enjoyment of the mass media, tha a bhith a’ beachdachadh air na mòr mheadhain a’ toirt comais do chloinn leudachadh air na dòighean anns an dèan iad measadh tuigseach, ciallach orra agus anns am faigh iad toileachadh asta
5 It is critical that the rain gauge is set in an area exposed to rain, tha e do-sheachnaichte èiseil gun tèid an tomhas-silidh a chur ann an àite far am faighear sileadh
criticise v tr 1 breithnich, vn breithneachadh m
2 càin, vn càineadh m
3 cuir sìos air, vn cur sìos air. In which all feel free from fear of being criticised, laughed at or denigrated, anns am bi gach neach a’ faireachdainn saor o eagal gum bithear a’ cur sìos no a’ magadh air no ga chur suarach
criticism n 1 breithneachadh m, gen breithneachaidh. Literary criticism, breithneachadh litreachais
2 càineadh m, gen càinidh. A scathing criticism of the report, dubh chàineadh air an aithisg
croft n croit f, gen croite, pl croitean. The land was divided amongst the tenants into crofts, chaidh am fearann a roinn am measg nan teanantan na chroitean
croft v i
crofting n croitearachd f
crofting township n phr baile m croitearachd, gen baile chroitearachd, pl bailtean croitearachd
crofter n croitear m, gen croiteir, pl croitearan. The Crofters’ Commission, Coimisean nan Croitearan
crook n (staff) bacan m, gen & pl bacain
crooked a 1 cam
2 cuagach
crop n 1 pòr m, gen pòir, pl pòran. Cash crop, pòr-airgid. Generally crops were grown on long narrow strips of ground called rigs, anns a’ chumantas bha na pòran a’ fàs air stiallan fada caol de thalamh ris an cainte feannagan
2 bàrr m, gen barra, pl barran. Because of the nature of the land less emphasis was given to growing crops, a thoradh air gnè na talmhainn cha robhar a’ cur uibhir a chudthrom air bàrr a bhith a’ fàs
cross n crois f, pl croisean
cross v tr rach tarsainn air, vn dol tarsainn air. Why did the chicken cross the road? carson a chaidh a’ chearc tarsainn air an rathad? Cross the burn and head for the gate, rach tarsainn air an allt agus dèan air a’ gheat. The path here crosses a turf dyke, tha an ceum an seo a’ dol tarsainn air gàrradh-fàil
crossing n (ferry) aiseag m, gen aiseig, pl aiseagan
cross-bar n 1 crann-tarsainn m, gen & pl crainn-tharsainn
2 bobht-tarsainn m, pl bobhtan-tarsainn
cross-beam n trasdan m, gen trasdain, pl trasdanan
cross-country a 1 thar na dùthcha. Cross-country skiing, sgitheadh thar na dùthcha. Cross-country race, rèis thar na dùthcha
2 expressed with a’ bhlàir. Cross-country skiing, sgitheadh a’ bhlàir
cross-curricular a 1 thar a’ chlàir-theagaisg. In order to gather information for cross-curricular research, gus fiosrachadh a thional airson sgrùdaidh thar a’ chlàir-theagaisg
2 expressed with bi a’ gluasad feadh a’ chlàir-theagaisg. As will all cross-curricular concerns, agus tha seo fìor a thaobh nan nithean uile a tha a’ gluasad feadh a’ chlàir-theagaisg
cross-member n tarsannan m, gen tarsannain, pl tarsannanan
cross-reference n crois-chomharradh m, gen crois-chomharraidh, pl crois-chomharraidhean
crossroads n pl crois-ròid. I met him at the crossroads, choinnich mi ris aig a’ chrois-ròid
cross-section n 1 roinn-tharsainn f, pl roinnean-tarsainn
2 tair-dhealbh m, gen tair-dheilbh, pl tair-dhealbhan. The cross-section shows the layers of rock that lie under the mine, tha an tair-dhealbh a’ sealltainn nam breathan creige a tha na laighe fo thogalaichean na mèinne
crouch v i crùb, vn crùbadh m
crowd n bannal m, gen bannail, pl bannalan; also banal m, gen banail, pl banalan
crowd v tr
crowded a 1 dùmhail, dòmhail (le sluagh), comp dùmhala, dòmhala. Crowded streets, sràidean dùmhoil
2 mòr-shluaghach
3 expressed with cus dhaoine. I hope the train isn’t too crowded, tha mi an dòchas nach bi cus dhaoine air an trèana
crozier n bachall m, gen bachaill, pl bachaill, bachallan
crucial a 1 do-sheachnaichte èiseil. Sensitivity of the pupil to the listeners’ information needs is crucial, tha e do-sheachnaichte èiseil gum bi mothachadh aig a’ phàiste air feuman fiosrachaidh an neach-èisteachd
2 do-sheachnaichte cudthromach. They are crucial in giving them awareness of what is valuable, tha iad do-sheachnaichte cudthromach ann a bhith a’ toirt mothachaidh dhaibh air na nithean anns a bheil luach. It is now crucial to build on these achievements so that Gaelic maintains its dynamic as a living language in Scotland, tha e a-nis do-sheachnaichte cudthromach gum bithear a’ togail air na chaidh a thoirt gu buil mar-thà gus an glèidh a’ Ghàidhlig a clì mar chànan beò ann an Alba
3 expressed with air leth. They are of crucial importance in the development of Gaelic, tha iad air leth cudthromach a thaobh leasachadh na Gàidhlig
crude a amh. Crude oil, ola amh
cruel a 1 mì-thlusar
2 (a) grànda
(b) expressed with grànda, mì-thlusar. This is a sarcastic song, which in places comes close to being cruel, ’s e òran-magaidh a a tha seo, a tha an àiteachan a’ tighinn faisg air a bhith grànda, mì-thlusar
3 an-iochdmhor, comp an-iochdmhoire
4 borb, comp buirbe
cruelty n an-iochdmhorachd f
crusher n brùthadair m, pl brùthadairean
crust n 1 (loaf) cùl m, gen cùil, pl cùiltean
2 rùsg m, gen & pl rùisg
3 plaosg m, gen plaoisg, pl plaosgan. The Earth’s crust, plaosg na Talmhainn
crystal n criostal m, gen criostail, pl criostalan
crystalline a criostalach. Crystalline rock, creag chriostalach
cube n ciùb m, pl ciùban. Ice cubes, ciuban deighe
cube mod ciùbach. Cube root, freumh chiùbach
cube v tr ciùbaich, vn ciùbachadh
cubed a ciùbaichte
cubic a ciùbach
cubit n làmh-choille f, pl làmhan-coille
cuboid n ciùbaid f, pl ciùbaidean
cuckoo-spit n (froth surrounding frog-hopper nymph, Cercopidae) smugaid na cuthaig f
cuckoo-spit insect n phr (froghopper, Cercopidae) mial m smugaid na cuthaig, gen miala smugaid na cuthaig, pl mialan smugaid na cuthaig
cucumber n cularan m, gen cularain, pl cularanan
cudgel n bata m, pl bataichean
cue n 1 comharradh m, gen comharraidh, pl comharraidhean. They will be able to recognise cues, thèid aca air comharraidhean a thogail. The meaning of new words and phrases should usually be indicated through visual cues, bu chòir brìgh fhaclan ùra agus abairtean ùra a chur an cèill le comharraidhean a chithear. The use of visual cues should be encouraged, bu chòir comharraidhean faicsinneach a bhrosnachadh. Teachers will help pupils to use pictorial and contextual cues, bidh tidsearan a’ cuideachadh na cloinne gu bhith a’ cleachdadh comharraidhean dhealbh agus suidheachaidh
2 not expressed. She will recognise gestures and eye contact and use these as cues to extend the discussion, aithnichidh i gluasadan-bodhaig agus glacadh-sùla agus cleachdaidh i iad sin gus leudachadh air a’ cho-bheachdachadh
cuff-link n lùb f bun-dùirn, gen lùib bun-dùirn, pl lùban-bun-dùirn
cul-de-sac n cùil-dhùinte f, pl cùiltean-dùinte
cull v tr tanaich, vn tanachadh m
cultivate v tr àitich, vn àiteach m, àiteachadh m. The flat land by the river has clearly been cultivated in the past, tha e soilleir gun deach an talamh còmhnard mun abhainn àiteach san àm a chaidh seachad
cultivated a 1 air àiteach
2 expressed with àitich, vn àiteach m. The area of grassland at your feet shows that this place was once cultivated, tha an earrann de thalamh-feòir a tha mu do chasan na comharra air gun robhar ag àiteach an àite seo uaireigin
cultivation n 1 àiteach m, gen àitich
2 expressed with a bhith ag àiteach. The ground here has been enriched by cultivation, chaidh an talamh an seo a dhèanamh na bu thorraiche le bhith ga àiteach
cultural a 1 cultarail. Medical, cultural and dietary needs will be met, thèid coinneachadh ri feuman meidigeach, culturail agus a thaobh riaghailt-bidhe
2 expressed with gu cultarail adv. This will provide pupils with a sense of personal and cultural identity, bheir seo mothachadh don chloinn orra fhèin gu pearsanta agus gu cultarail
3 expressed with cultar m, gen cultair. An introduction to and awareness of the present day Gaelic cultural background, aithne agus mothachadh air cultar Gàidhlig an latha an diugh
4 expressed with cultair mod. Cultural development, leasachadh cultair. Cultural observations about the child relevant to the pre-school group, gnothaichean cultair mun leanabh a bhuineas don bhuidhinn ro-sgoile
5 expressed with a thaobh cultair. The contemporary nature of Gaelic in its cultural and linguistic senses, mar a bhuineas a’ ghàidhlig don t-saoghal a tha ann a thaobh cultair is cànain
6 expressed with dualchas m, gen dualchais. Gaelic caters for pupils from a range of home and cultural backgrounds, tha a’ Ghàidhlig a’ gabhail ri cloinn à caochladh sheòrsachan dachaigh is dualchais
7 expressed with air dualchas. Increased cultural awareness, barrachd mothachaidh air dualchas
8 expressed with a bhuineas do dhualchas. While cultural aspects should be included as part of the programme, ged tha còir cùisean a bhuineas do dhualchas a ghabhail a-staigh mar phàirt den phrògram
culture n 1 cultar m, gen cultair. Through its literature and culture, tro a litreachas agus a cultar. Diversity of language, culture and progression, iomadalachd cànain, cultair agus adhartais. While it will be important to give an historical sense of Gaelic as a culture, ged a bhitheas e cudthromach mothachadh eachdraidheil a thoirt dhaibh air a’ ghàidhlig mar chultar
2 dualchas m, gen dualchais, pl dualchasan. Gaelic culture is a key issue, ’s e prìomh chùis a tha ann an dualchas na Gàidhlig. Diversity of culture. iomadalachd sheòrsachan dualchais. Forge strong links with the language and culture that children bring to school, dlùth cheangal a dhèanamh ris a’ chànain agus ris an dualchas a tha a’ chlann a’ toirt don sgoil. The values and knowledge which motivate cultures are deeply intertwined in their languages, tha na prìomh-bheachdan agus an t-eòlas a tha a’ gluasad dhualchasan a’ freumhachadh gu domhain nan cuid chànan
culvert n saibhear m, gen saibheir, pl saibhearan
Cumbrae pr n Cumraigh
cumulonimbus n cumulonimbus m
cumulonimbus mod cumulonimbus. Cumulonimbus cloud, sgòth cumulonimbus
cumulus n cumulus m
cumulus mod cumulus. Cumulus cloud, sgòth cumulus
curdle v tr & i binndich, vn binndeachadh m
curl n bachlag f, gen bachlaig, pl bachlagan
curl v tr bachlaich, vn bachlachadh m
curled a bachlach, comp bachlaiche
curly a bachlach, comp bachlaiche
currency n 1 (a) airgead m, gen airgid. Decimal currency, airgead deicheach. Pre-decimal currency, airgead ro dheicheachadh
(b) ruith-airgid f, pl ruithean-airgid
2 cùinneadh m, gen cùinnidh, pl cùinnidhean
3 expressed with àite m agus inbhe f. Gaelic has currency in the home and the workplace, tha àite agus inbhe aig a’ Ghàidhlig anns an dachaigh agus anns an ionad-obrach
single currency n phr 1 cùinneadh m singilte, gen cùinnidh shingilte. A single currency in Europe, cùinneadh singilte anns an Roinn-Eòrpa. He opposes the single currency, tha e an aghaidh a’ chùinnidh shingilte
2 airgead m singilte, gen airgid shingilte. They will be going into the single currency, bidh iad a’ dol a-steach anns an airgead shingilte
current n 1 sruth m, gen srutha, pl sruthan. Ocean current, sruth cuain. Electric current, sruth dealain
2 sruth-mara m, gen sruth-mhara, pl sruthan-mara
rapid current n phr buinne f, pl buinneachan
current a 1 làthaireil. From the current session, bhon t-seisean làthaireil
2 expressed with a tha a’ dol. Parents are exercising choice in support of current initiatives, tha pàrantan a’ cur taice, le roghainn, ris na h-iomairtean a tha a’ dol
3 expressed with a tha a’ dol an ceartuair. Extensions to current practice, leudachadh air an obair a tha a’ dol an ceartuair
4 expressed with a tha a’ dol aig an àm. They should emerge from the current learning context, tha còir aca fàs a-mach as an t-suidheachadh ionnsachaidh a tha a’ dol aig an àm
5 beò an-ceartuair. Gaelic is current in communities where…, tha a’ Ghàidhlig beò an-ceartuair ann an coimhearsnachdan far…
currently adv an-ceartuair. The land is currently used for sheep, tha caoraich an-ceartuair gan cumail air an talamh. Currently available resources for delivery of some areas of the curriculum, na tha ri fhaotainn an-ceartuair de ghoireasan airson cuid de raointean a’ chlàir-theagaisg a thoirt gu buil
curricular a 1 expressed with a’ chlàir theagaisg. Curricular dimensions such as information technology, cùisean a’ chlàir-theagaisg mar tha teicneolas fiosrachaidh
2 expressed with den chlàr-theagaisg. Available across all curricular areas and modes, a tha ri fhaotainn feadh gach raoin agus gach modh den chlàr-theagaisg
3 expressed with sa chlàr-theagaisg. Port-a-beul should share curricular space with Runrig, tha còir àite sa chlàr-theagaisg a thoirt an dà chuid do phuirt-à-beul agus do Runrig
4 expressed with clàr-teagaisg m. A framework is needed, clearly establishing the most important features of this curricular area, tha feum air beairt a stèidhicheas gu soilleir na nithean as cudthromaiche a tha a’ buntainn ris a’ chlàr-theagaisg seo
curriculum n 1 clàr-teagaisg, gen clàir-theagaisg, pl clàran-teagaisg. Gaelic in the curriculum, Gàidhlig anns a’ chlàr-theagasg. To complement the 5-14 curriculum and development programme, an co-cheangal ris a’ phrògram leasachaidh airson a’ chlàir-theagaisg 5-14. The whole curriculum will be delivered through the medium of Gaelic, bithear a’ lìobhraigeadh a’ chlàir-theagaisg air fad tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig. The rationale describes the main features of the Gaelic curriculum, tha an Fheallsanachd a’ toirt cunntais air na prìomh nithean a bhuineas do chlàr-teagaisg na Gàidhlig
2 curaicealam m, pl curaicealaman
curriculum mod 1 den chlàr-theagaisg. Including specialist vocabulary from different curriculum areas, agus nam measg sin briathrachas speisealtach o roinnean eadar-dhealaichte den chlàr-theagaisg
2 (a) den churaicealam
(b) curaicealaim
curtsey n beic f, gen beice, pl beiceannan
curtsey v i dèan beic, vn dèanamh beice. The lady curtseyed to the queen, rinn a’ bhean-uasal beic don bhànrigh. They curtseyed before her, rinn iad beic roimhpe
curve v tr & i 1 lùb, vn lùbadh m
2 crom, vn cromadh m
curved a 1 lùbte
2 crom
customer n 1 neach-ceannaich m, gen neach-cheannaich, pl luchd-ceannaich. Number of customers, àireamh luchd-ceannaich
2 custamair m, pl custamairean. Customers pay at the cash desk on their way out, bidh custamairean a’ pàigheadh aig deasg an airgid air an t-slighe a-mach
3 expressed with duine m, neach m, pl daoine. The graph shows how many thousands of things customers bought each day, tha an graf a’ sealltainn cia mheud mìle rud a cheannaich daoine gach latha
4 expressed with bùth f. He attracts many customers, tha e a’ tarraing mòran don bhùth
customer mod 1 do chustamairean. Twenty-four hour customer helpline, loidhne-thaice fad là is oidhche do chustamairean
2 mar chustamair. Phone this number for all customer enquiries, fòn an àireamh seo mar chustamair le ceist sam bith
cut v tr 1 geàrr, vn gearradh m
2 buain, vn buain f
cut a air a ghearradh. The cut coal is carried on a conveyor belt to be loaded into trucks, thèid an gual a tha air a ghearradh a ghiùlain air crios siubhail airson a lodadh air trucaichean
cutting n expressed with a bhith a’ gearradh. By cutting and pasting, le bhith a’ gearradh ’s a glaodhadh
cutting a 1 beumach. Cutting remark, facal beumach
2 expressed with beum m, pl beuman, beumannan. Cutting remarks, beumannan
cuticle n cneas m, gen cneasa, pl cneasan. Hair cuticle, cneas fuiltein. Nail cuticle, cneas ìne
cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) n 1 iasg-cutail m, gen & pl èisg-chutail
2 sùil-an-tòin f, pl sùil-an-tòinean
cycle n 1 cuairt f, pl cuairtean. Pupil progress in the teaching or the evaluation phases of the assessment cycle, adhartas na cloinne anns na fo-rèisean teagaisg no breithneachaidh sa chuairt mheasaidh
2 cearcall m, gen & pl cearcaill. The water cycle, an cearcall uisge
cycle v i rach air baidhsagal, vn dol air baidhsagal. I hate cycling to work in the rain, tha gràin agam air a bhith a’ dol gu m’ obair air a’ bhaidhsagal anns an uisge
cycling n rothaireachd f
cyclist n 1 rothaiche m, pl rothaichean
2 baidhsaglair m, pl baidhsaglairean
cyclone n 1 cuairt-èadhair f, pl cuairtean-èadhair
2 (familiar) cuairt-ghaoth f, gen cuairt-ghaoithe, pl cuairt-ghaothan
cylinder n siolandair m, pl siolandairean. Graduated cylinder, siolandair ceumroinnte
cymbal n 1 ciombal m, gen ciombail, pl ciombalan
2 tiompan m, gen tiompain, pl tiompanan
Cymric a Cuimreach
Czech pr n 1 Seiceach m, gen & pl Seicich
2 (language) Seicis f
Czechoslovakia pr n an t-Seicslòvaic, gen na Seicslòvaic
D
dactyl n dactail f, pl dactailean
dactylic a dactaileach. Dactylic feet, troighean dactaileach. In the fourth phrase the first foot is trochaic and the second foot dactylic, anns a’ cheathramh abairt tha a’ chiad troigh tròicèach agus an dara troigh dactaileach
dad n dadaidh m, pl dadaidhean
2 boban m, gen & pl bobain
daddy n dadaidh m, pl dadaidhean
2 boban m, gen & pl bobain
daddy-longlegs n breabadair m, pl breabadairean
dagger n biodag f, gen biodaig, pl biodagan
daily a 1 làitheil. The daily register, an clàradh làitheil. Short messages arising out of the daily business of the class, fiosan goirid a tha mar thoradh air obair làitheil a’ chlas
2 gu làitheil. They will become common terms in daily classroom use, thig iad gu bhith nam briathran cumanta a tha air an cleachdadh gu làitheil anns a’ chlas
3 expressed with rè an latha. Daily routine, na tha a’ dol rè an latha
daily adv 1 làitheil, gu làitheil
2 mu choinneamh an latha, a h-uile latha. Rain-gauges are usually read daily, mar as trice thèid tomhasan-silidh a leughadh a h-uile latha
dairy n taigh-bainne m, pl taighean-bainne
dairy mod bainne. Dairy produce, bathar bainne, toradh bainne. Dairy cattle, crodh bainne
dairymaid n 1 banarach f, gen banaraich, pl banaraichean
2 banchag f, gen banchaig, pl banchagan
dairy-farm n tuathanas-bainne m, gen tuathanais-bhainne, pl tuathanasan-bainne
dale n 1 dail f, gen dalach, pl dailean
2 gleann m, gen glinne, pl gleanntan
Dalmatian a dalmàisianach. Dalmatian barbelgudgeon, barbal-bhronnag Dhalmàisianach
dam n 1 dam m, pl damaichean
2 balla m caisg, gen balla chaisg, pl ballachan caisg
damage n milleadh m, gen millidh. It caused great damage, dh’adhbharaich e milleadh mòr
damp a 1 tais, comp taise. It is damp today, tha e tais an diugh
2 aitidh
dance n dannsa m, pl dannsaichean
dandelion n beàrnan-brìde m, gen pl beàrnain-bhrìde
dandruff n eanach f, gen eanaich
danger n cunnart m, gen cunnairt, pl cunnartan. What dangers do miners face in their work? dè na cunnartan a bhitheas a’ coinneachadh ri mèinneadairean nan obair?
dangerous a cunnartach, comp cunnartaiche. Mining is a dangerous job, ’s e obair chunnartach a tha anns a’ mhèinnearachd
Danish pr n (language) Danmhaircis f
Danish a Danmhairceach
darling n annsachd f. My darling, m’annsachd
dart n 1 gath m, pl gathan, gathannan
2 gàinne f, pl gàinnean
dash n (punctuation) sgrìob f, pl sgrìoban
data n 1 dàta m
2 fiosrachadh m, gen fiosrachaidh. Data collection, tional fiosrachaidh. To identify important data, gus aithne a chur air fiosrachadh cudthromach
data mod fiosrachaidh
data handling n phr làimhseachadh m fiosrachaidh, gen làimhseachaidh fhiosrachaidh. By activities such as word-processing, data handling and simulations, enable them to communicate more effectively with others, bidh gnìomhan mar tha dealbh-sgrìobhadh. làimhseachadh fiosrachaidh agus cur an ìre a’ toirt comais dhaibh air conaltradh nas buadhmhoire a dhèanamh ri feadhainn eile
database n stòr-dàta, gen & pl stòir-dhàta. Databases, spreadsheets, teletext, view data, and multimedia applications generally, stòir-dhàta, duilleagan-sgaoilte, teleteacsa, lèir-dàta agus innleachdan ioma-mheadhanach anns an fharsaingeachd
date n (botany) deit f, pl deitichean; or deat f, pl deataichean
date n 1 (day) ceann-latha m, gen & pl cinn-latha. Time and dates, an uair agus cinn-latha. What were the dates of the days that were dry? dè na cinn-latha a bha tioram?
2 (year) ceann-bliadhna m, gen & pl cinn-bhliadhna
date of birth n phr ceann-latha m breith, gen & pl cinn-latha bhreith
in date adv phr expressed with buin do dh’àm, vn buntainn do dh’àm. The original building must be 17th or 18th century in date, feumaidh gum buin an togalach tùsail do dh’àm mun 17mh no mun 18mh linn
of later date adv phr, see later a comp
date v tr
date from v phr 1 expressed with àm m, gen ama, pl amannan, plus gen. There is evidence here of dumps of sand, gravel, stones and boulders that date from the last glaciation, chìthear an seo dùin de ghainmhich, de ghrinneal, de chlachan agus de dh’ulbhagan a chaidh fhàgail aig àm an eigheachaidh mu dheireadh
2 expressed with buin do v phr, vn buntainn do, plus àm (plus gen). This dates from a glacial event known as the Wester Ross readvance, buinidh seo do dh’àm an tachartais eigheadail ris an canar ath-mheudachadh Rois an Iar. These remains may date from about 1500 BC or later, bithidh e coltach gum buin na làraichean seo do dh’àm bho mu 1500 RC no nas fhadalaiche
date-line n loidhne-latha f
dative a tabhartach. The dative case, an tuiseal tabhartach. The dative form of this feminine word has taken the place of the radical case in this dialect, tha an riochd tabhartach den fhacal bhoireanta seo air àite an tuiseil bhunasaich a ghabhail anns an dualchainnt a tha ann
daughter-in-law n bana-chliamhainn f, gen bana-chleamhna, pl bana-chleamhnan
day n latha m, pl lathaichean
day care n phr cùram-latha, gen cùraim-latha
day care mod cùraim-latha. Parents must not bring sick or infectious children to the day care facility, chan fhaod pàrantan clann a tha tinn no gabhaltach a thoirt leotha don ghoireas chùraim-làtha
the next day adv phr an ath-là
daybreak n briseadh-latha m, gen brisidh-latha
day-to-day a làitheil. In the day-to-day practice of the classroom, ann an obair làitheil an ruim-theagaisg. From writing about events drawn from their day-to-day lives, o bhith a’ sgrìobhadh mu thachartasan a tha iad a’ toirt às am beatha làitheil fhèin
dead-nettle n (Lamium spp.) deanntag f, gen deanntaige, pl deanntagan
dead-nettle, cut-leaved n (Lamium hybridum) deanntag f gheàrrte, gen deanntaige geàrrte, pl deanntagan geàrrte
dead-nettle, henbit n (L. amplexicaule) deanntag f chearc, gen deanntaige chearc, pl deanntagan chearc
dead-nettle, northern n (L. moluccellifolium) deanntag f thuathach, gen deanntaige tuathaich, pl deanntagan tuathach
dead-nettle, red n (L. purpureum) deanntag f dhearg, gen deanntaige deirge, pl deanntagan dearga
dead-nettle, white n (L. album) deanntag f gheal, gen deanntaige gile, pl deanntagan geala
deaf a bodhar, comp buidhre
deafen v tr bodhair, vn bòdhradh m
deafness n buidhre f
deal v i
deal with v i phr 1 dèilig ri, vn dèiligeadh ri. Dealing with emotional complexities, a’ dèiligeadh ri duilgheadasan co-cheangailte ri faireachdainnean. Likewise, they can deal with real-life situations, thèid aca cuideachd air dèiligeadh ris na suidhichidhean anns an t-saoghal againn fhèin. Each aspect may be dealt with in turn, faodar dèiligeadh ris gach earrainn, tè mu seach. Discussing tasks and how to deal with them, a’ beachdachadh air gnìomhan a tha ri an dèanamh agus mar a dhèiligear riutha
2 buin ri, vn buntainn ri. This section deals specifically and briefly with methods of planning assessment in language, tha an earrann seo a’ buntainn gu sònraichte ann am beagan bhriathran ri dòighean air a bhith a’ deasachadh measaidh air cànain
3 làimhsich, vn làimhseachadh m. Both text and task are chosen so that all pupils will be capable of dealing with them, taghar an dà chuid teacsa agus dreuchd gus gun tèid aig a’ chloinn air fad air an làimhseachadh
4 cuir air dòigh, vn cur air dòigh. Once these matters are dealt with, aon uair ’s gu bheil na nithean seo air an cur air dòigh
5 expressed with mu prep. Teachers can help pupils recognise how texts dealing with different kinds of knowledge differ, faodaidh tidsearan a’ chlann a chuideachadh gus a bhith ag aithneachadh mar tha teacsaichean mu chaochladh sheòrsachan eòlais eadar-dhealaichte o chèile
6 not directly expressed. It can also let them deal with the development of ideas, faodaidh e cothrom a thoirt dhaibh a bhith a’ cur an smuaintean ri chèile
death n 1 bàs m, gen bàis, pl bàsan
2 aog m, gen aoig
cause the death of v phr thoir bàs do, vn toirt bàis do. A variety of E. coli is causing the death of lambs, tha gnè de E. coli a’ toirt bàis do dh’uain
death rate n phr ràta f bhàis, pl ràtaichean bàis
death-like a aog-neulach
debate n 1 deasbad m, gen deasbaid, pl deasbadan. Show that they can use at least the following terms: argument, statement, conversation, debate, a’ nochdadh gun cuir iad gu feum, air a’ char as lugha, na faclan a leanas: argamaid, ràdh, còmhradh, deasbad. Class debates could offer more formal contexts, dh’fhaodadh deasbadan anns a’ chlas suidhichidhean na b’fhoirmeile a thoirt seachad. Debates of the Scottish Parliament, deasbadan sa Phàrlamaid Albannaich
2 deasbaireachd f. The range of texts needs to expand further into news and debate, tha e riatanach a bhith a’ leudachadh air na teacsaichean gu naidheachdan agus deasbaireachd
debate v tr & i bi a’ deasbad. Debating, a’ deasbad
debility n anfhannachd f, anfhainneachd f
debris n sprùilleach m, gen sprùillich. Rock debris, sprùilleach creige
debt n fiachan m pl
bad debts n phr seann fhiachan m pl
in debt adv phr expressed with fiachan plus aig plus air. He says Macdonald is in debt to him, tha e ag ràdh gu bheil fiachan aige air an Dòmhnallach
decade n deichead m, gen deicheid, pl deicheadan
decay n 1 seargadh m, gen seargaidh
2 crìonadh m, gen crìonaidh
3 cnàmhadh m, gen cnàmhaidh
decay v i 1 cnàmh, vn cnàmh m and cnàmhadh m. Originally these walls would have been high enough to stop animals from straying, though they have now decayed back into the land, bhitheadh na gàrraidhean seo an toiseach àrd gu leòr airson stad a chur air beathaichean bho bhith a’ dol air seacharan, ged a tha iad a-nis air cnàmh air ais don talamh
2 cnàmh air falbh, vn cnàmh air falbh
decayed a 1 air cnàmh
2 air cnàmh air falbh. The earlier walls are likely to be more decayed than the later ones, is dòcha gu bheil na gàrraidhean as tràithe air cnàmh air falbh gu ìre nas motha na an fheadhainn as fhadalaiche
decide v tr 1 cuir ro, vn cur ro. The Secretary of State has decided to issue the guidelines, tha Rùnaire na Stàite air cur roimhe an stiùireadh seo fhoillseachadh. If schools decide that pupils for whom a Record of Needs has been opened should become involved in the system of assessment described here, ma tha sgoiltean a’ cur romhpa gum bi clann a tha na feuman aca gan clàradh air am measadh a rèir nan dòighean a tha air an comharrachadh an seo
2 suidhich air, vn suidheachadh air. The teacher will decide with pupils the main points, bidh an tidsear a’ suidheachadh leis a’ chloinn air na prìomh phuingean
decide on v i tr expressed with 1 suidhich air, vn suidheachadh air. The school should decide on one method of teaching pupils to deal with mistakes, tha còir aig an sgoil suidheachadh air aon mhodh air clann a theagasg ach mar a dhèiligeas iad ri mearachdan
2 dèan, vn dèanamh m. To help them make inferences and decide on conclusions, airson an cuideachadh gus tuairmsean agus co-dhùnaidhean a dhèanamh
deciduous a ion-lomaidh. Deciduous forest, coille ion-lomaidh. Deciduous tree, craobh ion-lomaidh
decimal n deichead m, gen deicheid, pl deicheadan
decimal a deicheach. Decimal currency, airgead deicheach. Decimal form, riochd deicheach. Decimal fraction, bloigh dheicheach. Decimal notation, comharrachadh deicheach. Decimal place, ionad deicheach
decimalise v tr deichich, vn deicheachadh m
decimalisation n deicheachadh m, gen deicheachaidh. The term “gròt” was common until the arrival of decimalisation, bha am briathar “gròt” cumanta gus gun tàinig deicheachadh an airgid
decision n 1 co-dhùnadh m, gen co-dhùnaidh, pl co-dhùnaidhean. Show that they can make a choice or decision based upon what has been heard, a’ nochdadh gun tèid aca air roghainn no co-dhùnadh a dhèanamh air bhonn na chualas. Texts containing information on which they have to make decisions and choices, teacsaichean anns a bheil fiosrachadh a dh’fheumas iad co-dhùnadh no roghainn a dhèanamh mu dheidhinn. She will be able to make decisions about the progress of individual pupils, thèid aice air tighinn gu co-dhùnaidhean mu dhèidhinn adhartas sgoilearan fa leth
2 nì m, pl nithean. But such decisions will be influenced by the needs of the class and individuals within it, ach faodaidh feuman a’ chlas agus feuman na cloinne fa leth anns a’ chlas nithean den t-seòrsa sin a chur an dara taobh
3 breith f
decision making n phr tighinn m gu co-dhùnadh
deck n 1 bòrd m, gen & pl bùird
2 bòrd-luinge m, gen & pl bùird-luinge
on deck adv phr air bòrd
declarative a Gram dearbhach. Declarative sentence, seantans dearbhach
declare v tr gairm, vn gairm f. Declaring war, a’ gairm cogaidh
declension n tuisealachadh m, gen tuisealachaidh, pl tuisealachaidhean. The first declension, a’ chiad thuisealachadh
decline n 1 lùghdachadh m, gen lùghdachaidh
2 expressed with caill v, vn call m. There may have been a decline in the fertility of the land, dh’fhaodadh e bhith gun do chaill an talamh a thorrachas
decline v tr (grammar) tuisealaich, vn tuisealachadh m
decode v tr 1 dì-chòd, vn dì-chòdadh m
2 mìnich an còd, vn mìneachadh a’ chòd
decomposition n briseadh m sìos, gen brisidh sìos
décor n dòigh-sgeadais f
decorate v tr 1 sgeadaich, vn sgeadachadh m
2 (with medal etc) cuir suaicheantas air, vn cur suaicheantais air
decoration n 1 sgeadachadh m, gen sgeadachaidh, pl sgeadachaidhean. Christmas decorations, sgeadachaidhean Nollaig
2 (medal etc) (a) suaicheantas m, gen & pl suaicheantais
(b) expressed with cuir suaicheantas air, vn cur suaicheantais air. It need hardly be said that this man never received a high decoration, cha ruigear a leas a ràdh nach d’fhuair an duine seo riamh àrd-shuaicheantas a chur airz
decorum n 1 stuaim f
2 loinn f
decoy n culaidh-thàlaidh f, pl culaidhean-tàlaidh
decrease v tr 1 lùghdaich, vn lùghdachadh m
v i 2 fàs nas lugha
decreasing a expressed with a’ dol nas lugha. This has two aspects: the decreasing degree of support given to the pupil and the increasing responsibility given to pupils, tha dà nì àraidh co-cheangailte ri seo: an taice a bheirear don phàiste a’ dol nas lugha agus an t-uallach a thathar a’ cur air cloinn a’ dol am meud
decree n reachd m, pl reachdan
deduction n expressed with co-dhùnadh m, gen co-dhùnaidh, pl co-dhùnaidhean. Techniques such as making deductions and marking text, dòighean obrach mar tha co-dhùnadh agus comharrachadh an teacsa. Pupils will make deductions from important statements in the text, bidh a’ chlann a’ tighinn gu co-dhùnaidhean o ràdhan cudthromach anns an teacsa
deed n 1 beart f, gen beairt, pl beartan. Lochlet of the Deed, Lochan na Beairt (place-name)
2 (legal) gnìomhas m, gen gnìomhas, pl gnìomhasan
deep a domhain, comp doimhne. Deep water port, port uisge-dhomhain
deeper comp a 1 nas doimhne or as doimhne
2 nas motha. Pupils can come to deeper understandings of characters, thig clann gu tuigse nas motha air pearsachan
deeply adv gu domhain. The values and knowledge which motivate cultures are deeply intertwined in their languages, tha na prìomh-bheachdan agus an t-eòlas a tha a’ gluasad dhualchasan a’ freumhachadh gu domhain nan cuid chànan
deepen I v i 1 doimhnich, vn doimhneachadh m. From that vantage point the study of language and culture should radiate outwards, deepening and developing knowledge and skills, bu choir oideachadh na cànain agus an dualchais lìonsgaradh a-mach on t-suidheachadh bhuannachdail sin, a’ doimhneachadh agus a’ leudachadh eòlais agus sgilean
2 fàs nas doimhne
II deepen v tr dèan nas doimhne. The advantage of the rigs was that they allowed areas of thin soil to be deepened, ’s e a’ bhuannachd a bha ann am feannagan gum faodadh an ùir ann an àiteachan far nach robh i ach tana a bhith air a dèanamh na bu doimhne
defective a 1 easbhaidheach
2 uireasbhach
3 Gram neo-iomlan. Defective verb, gnìomhair neo-iomlan
defence n dìon m. Sea defences, dìon an aghaidh na mara
defend v tr dìon, vn dìon m
defender n neach-dìon m, pl luchd-dìon
deficiency n easbhaidh f, pl easbhaidhean
deficit n easbhaidh f, pl easbhaidhean
define v tr 1 ainmich, vn ainmeachadh m. In the component defined as “Talking,” anns an earrainn a dh’ainmichear “Labhairt”
2 dèan mìneachadh air, vn dèanamh mìneachaidh air. Through writing, pupils can define, order and understand ideas, tro sgrìobhadh, thèid aig a’ chloinn air mìneachadh a dhèanamh air bun-bheachdan, air rian a chur orra agus air an tuigsinn
3 seulaich, vn seulachadh m. A basis for later work on how representations define and limit real lives and real communities, bunait do dh’obair a nithear a-rithist air mar a tha dòighean-riochdachaidh a’ seulachadh beatha dhaoine agus choimhearsnachdan a tha ann an da-rìreabh, agus a’ cur chrìochan umpa
definite a cinnteach. The definite article, an t-alt (cinnteach). Past definite, an tràth caithte cinnteach. The preposition here puts a definite feminine singular noun into the genitive case, tha an roimhear an seo a’ cur ainmeir chinntich bhoireanta shingilte don tuiseal ghinideach
deforest v tr dì-choilltich, vn dì-choillteachadh m
deforested a dì-choilltichte
deforestation n dì-choillteachadh m, gen dì-choillteachaidh
degradation n lùghdachadh m ann am maitheas. Degradation of an environment by pollution with chemical substances, lùghdachadh ann am maitheas àraineachd a thoradh air truaillidheachd le stuthan ceimigeach
degrade v tr lùghdaich ann am maitheas, vn lùghdachadh m ann am maitheas
degree n 1 tomhas m, gen & pl tomhais. A school’s policy will involve varying degrees of co-operation and consultation, bheir poileasaidh sgoile a-staigh co-oibreachadh agus co-luadar ann an tomhais eadar-dhealaichte
2 ìre f, pl ìrean. Degree of heat, cold, ìre teas, fuachd. In language registers and with degrees of formality that will depend on the writer’s familiarity with the target readership, ann am modhan cànain agus aig ìrean foirmealachd a bhitheas a’ dol a rèir ’s dè an t-eòlas a tha aig an sgrìobhadair air a luchd-amais. The task is the same but is related to texts of varying degrees of difficulty, ’s i an aon dreuchd a tha ann ach tha i a’ buntainn do theacsaichean de chaochladh ìrean duilgheadais. A bard that is not of the first degree, bàrd nach eil den chiad ìre
3 expressed with na h-uiread. Part 3 suggests a degree of self and peer assessment for all pupils, tha Pàirt 3 a’ moladh na h-uiread de dh’fhèin-measadh agus de mheasadh cho-aoisean don chloinn air fad
4 (temperature) ceum m, pl ceuman
5 not directly expressed. This has two aspects: the decreasing degree of support given to the pupil and the increasing responsibility given to pupils, tha dà nì àraidh co-cheangailte ri seo: an taice a bheirear don phàiste a’ dol nas lugha agus an t-uallach a thathar a’ cur air cloinn a’ dol am meud
positive degree n phr (in comparison of adjective) a’ bhun-ìre f, gen na bun-ìre.
superlative degree n phr (in comparison of adjective) an ìre f fheabhasach, gen na h-ìre feabhasaich
first comparative degree n phr a’ chiad choimeas m, gen a’ chiad choimeis
second, third, comparative degree n phr an dara, an treas, coimeas m, gen an dara, an treas, coimeis
to a degree adv phr gu ìre. It is true to a degree, tha e fìor gu ìre
to the degree adv phr chon na h-ìre. They are not admitting this to the degree you would expect, chan eil iad a’ leigeil seo orra chon na h-ìre a shùilicheadh tu
delay n 1 dàil f, gen dàlach, pl dàlaichean
2 maille f
delay v tr cuir maille air, vn cur maille air
deliberate a expressed with a dh’aona gnothach
deliberately adv a dh’aona ghnothach. Since they are important skills, they require to be deliberately and consciously taught, seach gur sgilean cudthromach iad feumar an teagasg a dh’aona ghnothach agus gu follaiseach
delicious a 1 blasta
2 ana-bhlasta
delight n aighear m, gen aighir
delirious a breisleachail
delirium n breisleach m, gen breislich
deliver v tr 1 lìobhraig, vn lìobhraigeadh; also lìbhrig, vn lìbhrigeadh m. On monday lorries deliver the goods to the shop, Diluain bidh làraidhean a’ lìbhrigeadh nan gnothaichean chun na bùtha. The whole curriculum will be delivered through the medium of Gaelic, bithear a’ lìobhraigeadh a’ chlàir-theagaisg air fad tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig. They will be required to take upon themselves the task of fleshing out the details of how they will structure and deliver the information, feumaidh iad uallach a ghabhail orra fhèin gus feòil a chur air cnàmhan dealbhachadh agus lìobhraigeadh an fhiosrachaidh
2 (childbirth) asaidich, vn asaid f
delivery n 1 lìobhraigeadh m, gen lìobhraigidh; also lìbhrigeadh m, gen lìbhrigidh. Clarity and calmness of delivery, lìobhraigeadh soilleir, socair. How aspects of delivery can affect the success of talk, mar a dh’fhaodas buaidh a bhith aig lìobhraigeadh air mar a shoirbhicheas le labhairt
2 expressed with cuir an gnìomh, vn cur an gnìomh. On which teachers can capitalise in the planning and delivery of the programme, air am faod luchd-teagaisg a bhith a’ togail ann a bhith a’ deasachadh a’ phrògraim agus ga chur an gnìomh
3 expressed with thoir gu buil, vn toirt gu buil. Currently available resources for delivery of some areas of the curriculum, na tha ri fhaotainn an-ceartuair de ghoireasan airson cuid de raointean a’ chlàir-theagaisg a thoirt gu buil
4 (childbirth) asaid f
delta n dealta m, pl dealtannan
demand n 1 dùbhlan m. The teacher will broaden pupils’ experience to involve texts of greater maturity of linguistic demand, leudaichidh an tidsear air fiosrachadh nas cloinne a dh’ionnsaigh theacsaichean a tha nas adhartaiche ann an dùbhlan cànain
2 expressed with na tha … a’ sùileachadh (le). The diversity and demand of functional listening will continue to grow, bidh farsaingeachd èisteachd ghnìomhachail, agus na thathar a’ sùileachadh leatha, a’ sìor fhàs. By extending the demand of the message, le bhith a’ leudachadh air na tha an teachdaireachd a’ sùileachadh
3 expressed with coilean, vn coileanadh m. The essential additional demand between Level E and Standard Grade is achieved by means of enhanced difficulty in text and task, ruigear air na dh’fheumar a choileanadh a bharrachd, eadar Ìre E agus an Ìre Choitcheann, le duilgheadas nas motha ann an teacsa ’s ann an gnìomh
4 (a) iarraidh m. Water demand continues to increase, both for domestic purposes and for industry, tha an t-iarraidh air uisge a’ sìor dhol am meud, an dà chuid a thaobh feumalachdan taighe agus ann an gnìomhachas
(b) expressed with iarr, vn iarraidh m. The second means by which additional demand can be made is through independent learning, an dàrna dòigh air barrachd iarraidh air cloinn ’s ann tro ionnsachadh neo-eisimeileach
(c) expressed with na tha … ag iarraidh air. To bridge the differences between the two forms of Gaelic education and the demands they make on pupils, gus a’ bheàrn a lìonadh eadar an dà sheòrsa foghlaim Ghàidhlig agus na tha iad sin ag iarraidh air cloinn
5 not expressed. Gaining a command of Gaelic is a process involving the gradual acquisition and expansion of knowledge, skills and understanding at increasing levels of difficulty and demand, gus a’ Ghàidhlig ionnsachadh feumar eòlas, sgilean agus tuigse a thogail agus a leudachadh mean air mhean, agus ìrean duilgheadais a’ sìor mheudachadh
demand v tr 1 iarr, vn iarraidh m. Each target demanding more complex knowledge, gach cuimse ag iarraidh eòlais nas iom-fhillte
2 sùilich, vn sùileachadh m. Reading activities should demand that pupils show an overall grasp of a text, tha còir aig gnìomhan labhairt a bhith a’ sùileachadh gum bi a’ chlann a’ nochdadh gu bheil tuigse aca air an teacsa anns an fharsaingeachd. It will be important that the pupil should not be put under stress by demanding skills which are not yet immediately available, bidh e cudthromach nach cuirear ro-uallach air a’ phàiste le bhith a’ sùileachadh sgilean nach gabh làmh a thoirt orra sa mhionaid
3 cuir uallach air gu, vn cur uallaich air gu. They should be faced with tasks which clearly demand the use of a variety of styles, tha còir obair a chur fan comhair a bhitheas a’ cur uallaich fhollaisich orra gus caochladh stoidhlichean a chur an greim
demanding a duilich, comp duilghe. As texts become more demanding, mar a bhitheas na teacsaichean a’ fàs nas duilghe. Pupils will convey more complex and demanding information, bidh a’ chlann a’ cur an cèill fiosrachaidh a tha nas ioma-fhillte agus nas duilghe
demographic a deamografach
demography n deamografaidh m
demonstrate v tr 1 nochd, vn nochdadh m. A strand is a sequence of targets in a key aspect of skills that demonstrates progression through the levels, ’s e a tha ann an ‘iall’ ach sreath de chuimsean ann an earrainn chudthromaich air choireigin de sgilean a tha a’ nochdadh adhartais tro na h-ìrean. Some pupils may demonstrate their attainment by using alternative forms of communication, faodaidh cuid a bhith a’ nochdadh na bheil iad air a choileanadh le bhith a’ cleachdadh modhan conaltraidh eadar-dhealaichte. Teachers will demonstrate layout features, nochdaidh tidsearan nithean a bhuineas do dhreach. By asking them to demonstrate understanding by doing or speaking, le bhith ag iarraidh orra an tuigse a nochdadh le gnìomh no labhairt
2 foillsich, vn foillseachadh m. The teacher can demonstrate reading for pleasure along with pupils, faodaidh an tidsear leughadh airson toileachaidh fhoillseachadh còmhla ris a’ chloinn
3 taisbean, vn taisbeanadh m. The teacher will demonstrate different writing strategies, bidh an tidsear a’ taisbeanadh caochladh sheòrsachan de dhòighean-sgrìobhaidh. In poetry writing rhythm can be demonstrated and explored, ann an sgrìobhadh bàrdachd faodar ruitheam a thaisbeanadh agus a rannsachadh
4 seall, vn sealltainn m. They will demonstrate that they can write for a growing number of audiences, seallaidh iad gu bheil iad comasach air sgrìobhadh do luchd-amais a tha a’ meudachadh ann an àireamh
5 (politics) tog fianais, vn togail fianais. They were demonstating against the government, bha iad a’ togail fianais an aghaidh an riaghaltais. They intend to demonstrate against the plans to close the school, tha iad am beachd fianais a thogail an aghaidh nam planaichean airson an sgoil a dhùnadh
6 not directly expressed. Although set side by side, the two columns of guidance are not meant to demonstrate equivalences, ged a tha an dà cholbh de stiùireadh air an cur taobh ri taobh chan eil seo a’ ciallachadh gu bheil iad co-ionnan
demonstration n 1 taisbeanadh m, gen taisbeanaidh, pl, taisbeanaidhean
2 comharrachadh m, gen comharrachaidh, pl comharrachaidhean
3 (politics) expressed with tog fianais, vn togail fianais. There were demonstrations in many cities, bha daoine a’ togail fianais ann am mòran bhailtean-mòra
demonstration mod taisbeanaidh. To listen to demonstration dialogues, a bhith ag èisteachd ri còmhraidhean taisbeanaidh
hold a demonstration v phr tog fianais, vn togail fianais. They will be holding a demonstration on the bridge tomorrow, tha iad gu bhith a’ togail fianais air an drochaid a-màireach
demonstrator n (politics) neach m (a tha) a’ togail fianais, pl daoine (a tha) a’ togail fianais. The police used water cannon to force the demonstrators to disperse, chleachd am poileas canain-uisge airson toirt air na daoine a bha a’ togail fianais sgaoileadh
demonstrative a (grammar) comharrachaidh. Demonstrative adjective, buadhair comharrachaidh. Demonstrative pronoun, riochdair comharrachaidh
den n garaidh m, pl garaidhean
denial n àicheadh m, gen àicheidh
denigrate v tr cuir suarach, vn cur suarach. In which all feel free from fear of being criticised, laughed at or denigrated, anns am bi gach neach a’ faireachdainn saor o eagal gum bithear a’ cur sìos no a’ magadh air no ga chur suarach
Denmark pr n an Danmhairc f, gen na Danmhairc
denominator n seòrsaiche m, pl seòrsaichean. Numerator and denominator, àireamhaiche agus seòrsaiche
denote v tr ciallaich, vn ciallachadh m. The word “text” denotes the unit of language that is being studied, tha am facal “teacsa” a’ ciallachadh an aonaid chànain a thathar a’ sgrùdadh
dense a 1 dlùth, comp dlùithe. As a result of this dense rhyme scheme, of the fifteen stressed syllables in the strophe no less than fourteen rhyme in some way or other, mar thoradh air an dòigh-chomhardaidh dhlùith a tha seo, a-mach às na còig lidean deug air a bheil cudthrom san stròf ’s ann a tha a ceithir deug dhiubh a’ dèanamh comhardaidh de sheòrsa air choireigin
2 (science) dlùth, comp dlùithe
• dùmhail
3 tiugh, comp tighe. Dense fog, ceò tiugh
density n dlùths m. Vapour density, dlùths deataich
• dumhlachd f, pl dùmhlachdan. Population density, dùmhlachd shluaigh
dental a 1 fhiaclan. An argument for attending to dental health, argamaid airson aire thoirt do shlàinte fhiaclan
2 Ling fiaclach
dentist n fiaclair m, pl fiaclairean
deny v tr àicheidh, vn àicheadh m
depalatalise v tr dì-phalataich, vn dì-phalatachadh m
depalatalised a dì-phalataichte
department n 1 roinn. Education Department, Roinn an Fhoghlaim. Department of Agriculture, Roinn an Àiteachais. All departments in secondary schools, na roinnean uile anns na h-àrdsgoiltean
2 roinn-sgoile. In each school or department, anns gach sgoil no roinn-sgoile
departure n 1 expressed with a bhith a’ falbh. Arrangements for the safe arrival and departure of children, an suidheachadh a thaobh a’ chlann a bhith a’ ruighinn agus a’ falbh gu sàbhailte
2 expressed with atharraich, vn atharrachadh m. While there is unlikely to be a radical departure from existing practice, ged nach eil dùil gum bi na dòighean-obrach a tha a’ dol an ceartuair gan atharrachadh gu tur
depend v i
depend on v i phr 1 bi an urra ri. Poetry writing depends on wide experience of listening to and reading poems, tha sgrìobhadh bàrdachd an urra ri eòlas farsaing air a bhith ag èisteachd ri dàin agus gan leughadh. It is now recognised that pupils’ ability to understand and use language depends more on their ability to see how larger units are manipulated, a-nis thathar a’ gabhail ris gu bheil comas-tuigse agus comas-cleachdaidh na cloinne air cànain nas motha an urra ri an comas air a bhith a’ tuigsinn mar tha aonadan nas motha air an ullachadh
2 (a) bi a’ rèir. What we feel about the weather usually depends on what we want to do, tha ar faireachdainn mun t-sìde mar as tric a-rèir dè a tha sinn airson a dhèanamh
(b) bi a’ dol a-rèir ’s dè. In language registers and with degrees of formality that will depend on the writer’s familiarity with the target readership, ann am modhan cànain agus aig ìrean foirmealachd a bhitheas a’ dol a-rèir ’s dè an t-eòlas a tha aig an sgrìobhadair air a luchd-amais
depending on prep phr a-rèir plus gen. There are seven or eight syllables, depending on the number of unstressed syllables, in each line, tha seachd no ochd a lidean, a-rèir àireamh nan lidean gun chudthrom, anns gach sreath
dependence n eisimeileachd f
dependent a Gram eisimeileach. Dependent clause, clàsa eisimeileach
dependent (up)on prep phr 1 an urra ri. A pupil with visual impairment may approach Reading in ways that are perhaps dependent on Braille, ’s dòcha gum bi pàiste a tha gann anns an fhradharc a’ feuchainn air leughadh le dòighean a tha an urra ri Braille. Learning to read is dependent upon the spoken language, tha ionnsachadh leughaidh an urra ris a’ chainnt-bheòil. Pupils begin to be much less dependent on adult help, bidh a’ chlann a’ tòiseachadh air a bhith cus nas lugha an urra ri cuideachadh o inbhich
2 expressed with a-rèir. The integration of English into Gaelic-medium schools will be dependent on pupils’ abilities and needs, is ann a-rèir comasan agus feuman na cloinne a bhitheas a’ Bheurla air a gabhail a-staigh do sgoilean meadhan-Gàidhlig
depict v tr 1 cuir an cèill, vn cur an cèill. How to depict thoughts and feelings, mar a chuireas iad smuaintean agus faireachdainnean an cèill
2 cuir a-mach, vn cur a-mach. To make comparisons and contrasts between their own experiences and those depicted in the text, gu bhith a’ coimeas an fhiosrachaidh aca fhèin agus an fhiosrachaidh a tha air a chur a-mach anns na teacsaichean, agus a’ dèanamh eadar-dhealachaidh eatarra
depiction n expressed with mar a tha … a’ cur an cèill. Discussion of author’s style, in terms of character depiction, beachdachadh air stoidhle an ùghdair a thaobh mar a tha e a’ cur pearsa an cèill
deploy v tr 1 cleachd vn cleachdadh m. As texts become more complex the teacher needs to deploy a widening range of techniques, mar as ioma-fhillte a tha teacsaichean a’ fàs, ’s ann as motha a dh’fheumas an tidsear a chleachdadh de dhòighean obrach
2 riaghail, vn riaghladh m. Pupils will express and deploy ideas, bidh a’ cur an cèill agus a’ riaghladh bhun-smuaintean
deployment n 1 cleachdadh m, gen cleachdaidh. Pupils are expected to show awareness of technique through skilled deployment of appropriate stylistic devices, thathar a’ sùileachadh gum bi a’ chlann a’ nochdadh mothachaidh air modh-cànain anns a bheil cleachdadh sgileil air nithean iomchaidh a bhuineas do stoidhle
2 expressed with rian air … ann an dreuchd. Policies in regard to staff deployment, poileasaidhean a thaobh rian air luchd-obrach nan dreuchd
depopulate v tr fàsaich, vn fàsachadh m. This happened fifty years before the island was depopulated, thachair seo lethcheud bliadhna mus deach an t-eilean fhàsachadh
depopulation n 1 fàsachadh m, gen fàsachaidh. A depopulation site, làrach fhàsachaidh. We found a number of depopulation sites in the area, lorg sinn grunnan làraichean fàsachaidh anns an sgìre
2 dì-dhaoineachadh m, gen dì-dhaoineachaidh
deposit n 1 (geology) fuigheall m, gen & pl fuighill. Glacial deposits, fuighill eigheadail
2 airgead-èarlais m, gen airgid-èarlais
deposit v tr leig a-nuas, vn leigeil a-nuas. This area is based on rocks that were deposited on top of the gneiss, tha an t-àite seo stèidhichte air creagan a chaidh a leigeil a-nuas air uachdar na gneiss. The sandstone was deposited by a large system of shallow, wide, meandering rivers, chaidh a’ chlach-ghainmhich a leigeil a-nuas le siostam mòr de dh’aibhnichean ao-domhainn, leathan, lùbach
deposition n 1 fuighleachadh m, gen fuighleachaidh
2 tasgadh m, gen tasgaidh. Deposition of shingle, mol air a thasgadh
depression n (weather) ìsleachadh m, gen ìsleachaidh
depth n doimhne f. In order to respond in some depth to a major feature of a text, gus freagairt ann an tomhas doimhne a thoirt do phrìomh nì a bhuineas do theacsa
in more depth prep phr expressed with a’ dol nas doimhne an. A variety of topics, many of which will be returned to in more depth later, caochladh chuspairean agus iad a’ dol a thilleadh gu mòran diubh sin ’s a’ dol nas doimhne annta a-rithist
derelict a trèigte. Derelict ground, talamh trèigte
derivation n 1 (linguistics) bunachadh m, gen bunachaidh, pl bunachaidhean
2 (linguistics) expressed with bun m, gen buna, pl bunan. What is the derivation of the word…? dè am bun a tha aig an fhacal…?
3 expressed with co às a thàinig…. To give pupils an interest in the roots, derivations and make-up of words which are especially interesting, gus ùidh na cloinne a thogail ann am faclan a tha sònraichte inntinneach: na freumhaichean aca, co às a thàinig iad, agus mar a tha iad air an cur ri chèile
derive v tr 1 thoir o/bho, vn toirt o/bho It is from these that the attainment targets described in the following section are derived, is ann bhuatha seo a tha na cuimsean coileanaidh a tha air an cur a-mach anns an ath earrainn air an toirt. Contexts could derive from the following exemplar topics, dh’fhaodaiste suidhichidhean a thoirt o na cuspairean a leanas, mar eisimpleir
2 bunaich, vn bunachadh m
dermatolagist n deirmeòlaiche m, pl deirmeòlaichean
dermis n 1 deirm f
2 fìor-chraiceann m, gen fìor-chraicinn
derogatory a tarcaiseach, comp tarcaisiche. Materials will be chosen to help children to respect other people by avoiding derogatory pictures or messages about any group of people, thèid stuthan a thaghadh gus cuideachadh le cloinn gu bhith a’ toirt urraim do dhaoine eile tro bhith a’ seachnadh thuairisgeulan no theachdaireachdan tarcaiseach mu bhuidheann sam bith de dhaoine
derrick n deiric f, pl deiricean
desalinise v tr dì-shalainnich, vn dì-shalainneachadh m
desalinised a dì-shalainnichte
desalinisation n dì-shalainneachadh m, gen dì-shalainneachaidh
descend I v i 1 teirinn, vn teàrnadh m
2 (e.g. genealogy) (a) sìolaich, vn sìolachadh m. The family from which he was descended, an teaghlach on do shìolaich e. That it was from Iseabail Ruadh that what is in Turner of the work of Iain Lom descended, gum b’ ann o Iseabail Ruaidh a shìolaich na tha ann am Mac an Tuairneir de shaothair Iain Luim
(b) expressed with de shliochd. This shows that they are perhaps descended from the bard, tha seo a’ sealltainn gum faodadh e bhith gur ann de shliochd a’ bhàird a tha iad
II descend v tr rach sìos, vn dol sìos. They descended the hill, chaidh iad sìos am bruthach
descendant n expressed with de shliochd. I am a descendant of hers, ’s ann den t-sliochd aice a tha mi
descendants n pl sliochd m
describe v tr 1 dèan iomradh or iomraidhean air, vn dèanamh iomraidh or iomraidhean air. They describe features of non-verbal communication, tha iad a’ dèanamh iomraidh air feartan conaltraidh às aonais fhaclan. Noun and verb will describe categories of words from which pupils make choices, bidh ainmear agus gnìomhair a’ dèanamh iomraidh air seòrsachan fhaclan às am bi a’ chlann a’ taghadh. Pupils will be able to describe in simple terms people, things and places, thèid aig a’ chloinn air iomraidhean sìmplidh a dhèanamh air daoine, air nithean agus air fiosraichidhean. “Genre” is a term used to describe a property of texts, tha “Gnè” air a chleachdadh gus iomradh a dhèanamh air nàdar theacsaichean. Punctuation will give pupils a term for describing these surface features of their writing, bheir pungadh briathar don chloinn airson iomradh a dhèanamh air na nithean faicsinneach a bhuineas don chuid sgrìobhaidh
2 bi plus iomradh air. Although some strands are described at fewer than five levels, ged a tha iomradh air cuid de na h-iallan aig nas lugha na còig ìrean. Attainment targets for learners of Gaelic are described at three levels, air cuimsean coileanaidh airson luchd-ionnsachaidh na Gàidhlig tha iomradh aig trì ìrean. The most advanced level described in this document, an ìre choileanaidh as adhartaiche air a bheil iomradh anns a’ phàipear seo
3 thoir iomradh air, vn toirt iomraidh air. They will describe the simpler aspects of style, bidh iad a’ toirt iomraidh air na nithean as sìmplidh a bhuineas do stoidhle. Pupils will describe personal experiences, bidh a’ chlann a’ toirt iomraidh air fiosrachaidhean pearsanta
4 thoir cunntas, vn toirt cunntais. describing, a’ toirt cunntais. The rationale describes the main features of the Gaelic curriculum, tha an Fheallsanachd a’ toirt cunntais air na prìomh nithean a bhuineas do chlàr-teagaisg na Gàidhlig. To describe progress, a bhith a’ toirt cunntais air adhartas. They can so easily be related to the writer’s purpose: to describe a sequence of events, tha e cho furasta an cur ann an dàimh ris an adhbhar-sgrìobhaidh: gus cunntas a thoirt air sreath thachartasan
5 bi plus cunntas air. Although Reading is not described as attainment targets, ged nach eil cunntas air Leughadh mar chuimsean coileanaidh
6 toir tuairisgeal m air, vn toirt tuairisgeil air
7 thoir dealbh air, vn toirt dealbh air
8 (a) innis, vn innse f. Describe what you can see in picture B, innis dè a chì thu an dealbh B
(b) innis mu, vn innse mu. Describe the way from the school to the football pitch, innis mun t-slighe bhon sgoil don raon ball-coise
(c) innis mu dheidhinn plus gen, vn innse mu dheidhinn. Describe his route to get to the accident, innis mu dheidhinn na slighe a ghabh e chun na tubaist
described a 1 expressed with air a bheil iomradh. The Programmes of Study described in this section, na clàran oideachaidh air a bheil iomradh anns an earrainn seo. The programmes described here offer only general guidance, chan eil na prògraman air a bheil iomradh an-seo ach a’ cur stiùiridh choitchinn fa chomhair dhaoine
2 expressed with air an cur a-mach. The attainment targets described in the following section, na cuimsean coileanaidh a tha air an cur a-mach anns an ath earrainn
3 expressed with air comharrachadh. If schools decide that pupils for whom a Record of Needs has been opened should become involved in the system of assessment described here, ma tha sgoiltean a’ cur romhpa gum bi clann a tha na feuman aca gan clàradh air am measadh a rèir nan dòighean a tha air an comharrachadh an seo
description n 1 tuairisgeal m, gen tuairisgeil, pl tuairisgealan. Differences between narrative and description can be identified, faodar aithne a chur air eadar-dhealachaidhean eadar sgeul agus tuairisgeal. Genre will be used as a description of categories of texts, bithear a’ cleachdadh gnè mar thuairisgeal air seòrsachan theacsaichean. Discussion of author’s style, in terms of descriptions, beachdachadh air stoidhle an ùghdair a thaobh tuairisgealan
2 iomradh m, gen iomraidh, pl iomraidhean. How an account of a battle differs from a description of the life cycle of a butterfly, mar tha cunntas air blàr eadar-dhealaichte o iomradh air cearcall-beatha dealain-dè. Pupils will be able to understand simple descriptions of people and places, thèid aig a’ chloinn air iomraidhean sìmplidh a thuigsinn mu dhaoine agus mu àiteachan
3 cunntas m, gen cunntais, pl cunntasan. The attainment targets are based on the following descriptions of levels of attainment, tha na cuimsean coileanaidh air am bonntachadh air na cunntasan seo air ìrean coileanaidh
4 dealbh-chunntas m, gen dealbh-chunntais, pl dealbh-chunntasan
5 expressed with dèan iomradh, vn dèanamh iomraidh. Speech marks and exclamation marks are further descriptions of punctuation, tha comharraidhean-labhairt agus comharraidhean-clisge a’ dèanamh an tuilleadh iomraidh air pungadh
6 expressed with dè a th’ ann (eg on order form). Description (of item), de a th’ ann?
descriptive a 1 expressed with a bheir iomradh. Verse and paragraph are descriptive terms for features of text, ’s e ainmean a tha ann an rann agus paragraf a bheir iomradh air nithean a bhuineas do theacsa
2 expressed with le iomradh. Teachers are advised to make descriptive notes of the pupil’s strengths and development needs, thathar a’ comhairleachadh do thidsearan notaichean a dhèanamh le iomradh air na feartan agus air na feumalachdan fàis aig a’ phàiste
3 tuairisgeulach. A descriptive essay, aiste thuairisgeulach. Descriptive poetry, bàrdachd thuairisgeulach. Descriptive grammar, gràmar tuairisgeulach. This list is descriptive and not prescriptive, ’s ann tuairisgeulach agus chan ann òrdachail a tha an liosta seo
4 dealbhach, comp dealbhaich
5 not directly expressed. Learning how to read and write requires the teaching of a gradually enlarging descriptive vocabulary, tha ionnsachadh sgrìobhaidh is leughaidh a’ cur feum air briathrachas a theagasg a tha a’ meudachadh mean air mhean
desert n fàsach m & f, gen fàsaich, pl fàsaichean
desert v tr 1 trèig, vn trèigsinn m
2 fàg, vn fàgail f. It is not known when or why these sites were deserted, chan eil fios air cuine no carson a chaidh na làraichean seo fhàgail
desertification n iom-fhàsachadh m, gen iom-fhàsachaidh
• fàsachadh m, gen fàsachaidh
desiccate v tr tiormaich, vn tiormachadh m
desiccated a tiormaichte
design n 1 dealbhachadh m, gen dealbhachaidh. In the design and planning of policies, ann an dealbhachadh agus ann an deasachadh phoileasaidhean. Such as music, set and costume designs, mar tha ceòl, cruth stèidse agus dealbhachadh aodaich
2 dealbhadh m, gen dealbhaidh. Curriculum Design for the Secondary Stages, Dealbhadh a’ Chlàir-theagaisg airson Ìrean na h-Àrdsgoile
3 deilbh f, pl deilbhean. Set and costume design, seata agus deilbh aodaich
design v tr 1 dealbh, vn dealbh m or dealbhadh m. Teachers should design contexts, tha còir aig luchd-teagaisg suidhichidhean a dhealbhadh. Pupils will play listening games designed to develop skills in attention and recall, bidh a’ chlann a’ cluiche chleasan-èisteachd a tha air an dealbh gus sgilean aire agus cuimhne a thoirt air adhart. Texts which have been designed for a specific audience, teacsaichean a chaidh a dhealbhadh airson luchd-amais àraidh
2 deilbh, vn deilbh f. The syllabus of programmes should be designed to keep pace with their maturational level, bu chòir clàr-obrach nam prògraman a dheilbh gus còrdadh a dhèanamh ri an ìre fàis. The specific audiences for which texts have been designed, an luchd-amais sònraichte a chaidh na teacsaichean a dheilbh dhaibh
3 dealbhaich, vn dealbhachadh m. It is essential that situations are designed by the teacher to motivate the pupils to contribute willingly, feumaidh an tidsear suidhichidhean a dhealbhachadh gus a’ chlann a ghluasad gu bhith a’ gabhail pàirt gu toileach
4 cuir ri chèile, vn cur ri chèile. The Programmes of Study are designed to assist schools, tha na clàran oideachaidh air an cur ri chèile gus cuideachadh le sgoiltean
designed a expressed with gus. Language activities and approaches designed to meet special educational needs will vary according to the particular requirements of pupils, bithear a’ cleachdadh caochladh sheòrsachan ghnìomhan agus mhodhan-teagaisg gus feuman foghlaim shònraichte a choileanadh, agus sin a rèir nam feuman fa leth aig cloinn
designer n deilbhiche m, pl deilbhichean
desirable a 1 riatanach. It will be desirable and necessary to report on the progress and success of each pupil, bidh e riatanach agus do-sheachnaichte a bhith a’ toirt iomraidh air piseach agus air soirbheachadh gach pàiste. It was once thought desirable to start with the smaller units of language, bha latha ann a bhàtar a’ meas gun robh e riatanach tòiseachadh leis na h-aonadan-cànain beaga
2 expressed with iarraidh air. It is not possible or desirable to assess all of a class’s activities in language all of the time, chan eil rian air, ’s cha mhotha tha iarraidh air, gum biodhte a’ measadh uile ghnìomhan clas ann an cànain fad na h-ùine
3 expressed with is miann leinn. Currently available resources for delivery of some areas of the curriculum are generally acknowledged to be below a desirable level, thathar gu coitcheann ag aideachadh nach eil na tha ri fhaotainn an-ceartuair de ghoireasan airson cuid de raointean a’ chlàir-theagaisg a thoirt gu buil cho math ’s bu mhiann leinn
desire n expressed with dèidheil air prep phr. Media education encourages such learning by creating the desire to work with language, tha oideachadh mu na meadhain a’ misneachadh a leithid seo de dh’ionnsachadh le bhith gan dèanamh dèidheil air a bhith ag obair le cànain
desire v tr
to be desired, iarratach. Suffering is not a thing to be desired in life, chan e nì iarratach sa bheatha a tha ann an àmhghar
desktop mod mullach-deasca. Especially with desktop publishing, gu h-àraidh le foillseachadh mullach-deasca
dessert n mìlsean m, gen mìlsein, pl mìlseanan
destination n ceann-uidhe m, gen & pl cinn-uidhe. They are still waiting to be told their destination, tha iad fhathast a’ feitheamh ri fios air an ceann-uidhe
destine v tr expressed with bi an dàn. It was destined for him, bha e an dàn dha
destiny n dàn m gen dàin
destroy v tr 1 sgrios, vn sgrios. Raiders from the sea may have destroyed the settlement, dh’fhaodadh e bhith gun d’rinn creachadairean bhon mhuir an t-àite-tuineachaidh a sgrios
2 cuir à bith, vn cur à bith. The water cycle is a closed system, since water is neither created nor destroyed, ’s e siostam dùinte a tha anns a’ chearcall uisge, oir chan eil uisge aon chuid air a chruthachadh no air a chur à bith
destruction n sgrios m
detach v tr dèan sgaradh bho, vn dèanamh sgaraidh bho
detached a 1 air sgaradh bho
2 dealaichte. Detached house, taigh dealaichte
detail n 1 nì m, pl nithean. Sequencing of essential details, òrdachadh air na nithean èiseil
2 pàirt m, pl pàirtean. That pupils show an understanding of specific details of a text, gum bi a’ chlann a’ nochdadh gu bheil tuigse aca air pàirtean sònraichte de theacsa
3 (a) fiosrachadh m, gen fiosrachaidh. Biographical details about poets, fiosrachadh mu bheatha nam bàrd
(b) làn fhiosrachadh m, gen làn fhiosrachaidh. Drawings which will be elaborated to provide detail and form the basis of a story, dealbhan a bhithear a’ leudachadh orra gus làn fhiosrachadh a thoirt seachad agus gus a bhith nam màthair-adhbhair aig stòiridh
4 expressed with gu mionaideach. The details of the legislation should be worked out by a Scottish body similar to the Welsh Language Board, bu chòir gum bitheadh cruth an lagha air obrachadh a-mach gu mionaideach le buidhinn Albannaich coltach ri Bòrd a’ Chànain Chuimris
in detail adv phr gu mionaideach. The various elements that make up the landscape can be studied in detail, faodar na diofar eileamaidean a tha a’ dèanamh suas an dealbh-thìre a sgrùdadh gu mionaideach. We were not able to tell them our intentions in detail, cha b’ urrainn dhuinn innse dhaibh gu mionaideach dè bha nar beachd
detail v tr
detailed a mionaideach. These targets do not, however, provide detailed assessment criteria, a dh’aindeoin sin chan fhaighear o na cuimsean seo comharraidhean-measaidh mionaideach. In planning and in implementing their own detailed policies for language, ann a bhith a’ dealbhadh ’s a’ cur an gnìomh am poileasaidhean-cànain mionaideach fhèin. Detailed accounts of each of these strands, cunntas mionaideach air gach aon de na h-iallan seo. In the more detailed guidance which follows, anns an stiùireadh nas mionaidiche a leanas
detect v tr 1 faigh ròs air, vn faighinn ròs air. They may observe listening behaviour in order to detect a possible listening impairment, faodaidh iad coimhead air giùlan ann an èisteachd gus ròs fhaighinn air uireasbhaidh claisneachd a dh’fhaodadh a bhith ann
2 cuir umhail air, vn cur umhail air. I could detect no difference, cha do chuir mi umhail air diofar sam bith
detective n 1 lorg-phoileas m, gen & pl lorg-phoileis
2 fear-rannsachaidh, gen & pl fir-rannsachaidh
detective story n phr sgeulachd f fir-rannsachaidh. In fiction, there are genres such as romances, horror, the detective story, ann am ficsean tha iomadh gnè, leithid ramasan, uabhas, sgeulachd fir-rannsachaidh
detergent n 1 ceimig-ghlanaidh f, pl ceimigean-glanaidh
2 stuth-glanaidh m, pl stuthan-glanaidh
deterioration n dol m am miosad
determinated a cinntichte. Determinated nominal phrase, abairt ainmearach cinntichte
determine v tr 1 suidhich, vn suidheachadh m. They should not determine what is taught and learned, chan eil còir aca a bhith a’ suidheachadh dè bhithear a’ teagasg agus ag ionnsachadh
2 bonntaich, vn bonntachadh m. Television presents views of the world which are determined by non-Gaelic concerns, tha an telebhisean a’ cur fa chomhair dhaoine seallaidhean den t-saoghal a tha air am bonntachadh air nithean nach buin don Ghàidhlig
determined a 1 suidhichte. The number of syllables in each phrase is determined according to the same rule as was seen in the other song, tha àireamh nan lidean anns gach abairt suidhichte a-rèir na h-aon riaghailt a chunnacas san òran eile
2 mionnaichte. He is determined that these rules are needed, tha e mionnaichte gu bheil feum air na riaghailtean seo
determined by a phr expressed with suidhich, vn suidheachadh m. Half-termly or at points determined by school policy, leitheach slighe tron tèarm no aig ìrean a tha poileasaidh na sgoile a’ suidheachadh
develop v tr & i 1 leasaich, vn leasachadh m. To develop programmes of work, gus prògraman obrach a leasachadh. It is for these reasons that they form the framework to be developed in Part 1, sin as adhbhar iad a bhith sa bheairt a tha ri leasachadh ann am Pàirt 1. To develop, refine or accept others’ contributions, a bhith a’ leasachadh, a’ fuasgladh no a’ gabhail ris na tha càch a’ toirt seachad. The support infrastructure for it is in the process of being developed, tha an cùl-taice aige fhathast ga leasachadh. This will help in developing ability to scan for specific information, cuidichidh seo le bhith a’ leasachadh comais air a bhith a’ leughadh gu h-aithghearr airson fiosrachaidh shònraichte
2 dèan leasachadh, vn dèanamh leasachaidh. Provide experiences for developing pupils’ capacities, a’ cur fhiosraichidhean an tairgse na cloinne gus leasachadh a dhèanamh air an cuid chomasan
3 thoir air adhart, vn toirt air adhart. Teachers will develop their awareness of sequence, bidh tidsearan a’ toirt air adhart am mothachaidh air òrdugh. It explains how assessment should be developed, tha e a’ mìneachadh mar as còir measadh a thoirt air adhart. To review and develop existing assessment policies, gus na poileasaidhean measaidh a tha aca cheana ath-bhreithneachadh agus a thoirt air adhart. In order to summarise and develop what is said, gus geàrr-iomradh a dhèanamh air na chaidh a ràdh agus sin a thoirt air adhart. Not least to develop critical faculties and powers of discrimination, gu h-àraidh gus buadhan breithneachaidh a thoirt air adhart. Pupils will play listening games designed to develop skills in attention and recall, bidh a’ chlann a’ cluiche chleasan-èisteachd a tha air an dealbh gus sgilean aire agus cuimhne a thoirt air adhart. Writing will begin after oral fluency is developed, tòisichidh sgrìobhadh an dèidh fileantachd bheòil a thoirt air adhart. The response of audience will help the reader to work at developing the skills of reading aloud, bidh an dòigh anns an gabh an luchd-amais ris na chuideachadh don leughadair gu bhith a’ toirt air adhart sgilean leughaidh a-mach
4 thoir gu ìre, vn toirt gu ìre. The Guidelines give schools advice on how to review and develop their assessment policies, tha an stiùireadh a’ tairgse comhairle do sgoiltean air mar a bhreithnicheas iad agus mar a bheir iad gu ìre am poileasaidhean measaidh. Which will have been developed over a number of years, bidh iad seo air an toirt gu ìre feadh grunnan bhliadhnachan. develop inter-relationships with the Gaelic community, co-cheangal ri coimhearsnachd na Gàidhlig a thoirt gu ìre. They should be helped to develop their own tastes in fiction, is còir an cuideachadh gus am miann fhèin a thaobh ficsean a thoirt gu ìre. That children fluent in Gaelic are enabled to continue developing fully their linguistic skills, gun tèid aig a’ chloinn a tha fileanta air cumail orra a’ toirt nan sgilean cànain aca gu làn ìre
5 thoir air aghaidh, vn toirt air aghaidh. Sensitive prompting by the teacher will help pupils develop their responses, bidh coiteachadh mothachail on tidsear na cuideachadh don chloinn gu bhith a’ toirt an cuid freagairtean air aghaidh
6 thoir gu buil, vn toirt gu buil. In the remainder of this section a framework for assessment is developed, anns a’ chuid eile den earrainn seo tha beairt airson measaidh air a toirt gu buil. The terms will be used in developing pupils’ familiarity with the ways texts are organised, bithear a’ cleachdadh nam briathran ann a bhith a’ toirt gu buil eòlas na cloinne air mar a tha rian ga chur air teacsaichean. Guidance on developing profiles can be found in the guidelines, gheibhear comhairle air teisteanas-measaidh a thoirt gu buil anns an stiùireadh
7 leudaich, vn leudachadh m. From that vantage point the study of language and culture should radiate outwards, deepening and developing knowledge and skills, bu choir oideachadh na cànain agus an dualchais lìonsgaradh a-mach on t-suidheachadh bhuannachdail sin, a’ doimhneachadh agus a’ leudachadh eòlais agus sgilean
8 leudaich air, vn leudachadh air. The requirements of pupils with special educational needs are further developed in the statement included in Part 3, thathar a’ leudachadh air na tha riatanach do chloinn le feuman sònraichte ann am foghlam, anns na tha air a chur sìos ann am Pàirt 3
9 adhartaich, vn adhartachadh m. Teachers encourage pupils through stimulating contexts to use and develop their language, ’s ann a tha tidsearan a’ misneachadh cloinne le suidhichidhean beothail gu bhith a’ cleachdadh agus ag adhartachadh an cuid chànain. It also provides contexts to develop language in simulated situations, gheibhear suidhichidhean às cuideachd gus cànain adhartachadh ann an suidhichidhean samhlachail. A natural way of developing pupils’ own out-of-school interests and activities, dòigh nàdarrach air a bhith ag adhartachadh nithean taobh a-muigh na sgoile anns a bheil ùidh aig cloinn agus anns a bheil iad an sàs
10 expressed with fàs vn fàs m. They should expect the poem to develop through its verses, bu chòir dùil a bhith aca gum bi an dàn a’ fàs o rann gu rann. Target audience develops from the broad idea of audience, tha luchd-amais sònraichte a’ fàs a-mach às a’ bheachd choitcheann a tha ann air luchd-amais. Written responses will develop from discussion, fàsaidh freagairtean sgrìobhte à beachdachadh. For the most part, writing will be developed in association with the other three outcomes, anns a’ mhòr earrainn, bidh sgrìobhadh a’ fàs ann an co-bhonn ris na trì builean eile. Pupils will develop a greater alertness to the changes in ideas, bidh a’ chlann a’ fàs nas mothachaile air na h-atharraichidhean ann am bun-smuaintean. Pupils will develop a sense of the importance of careful proof-reading, bidh a’ chlann a’ fàs mothachail air cho cudthromach ’s a tha e a bhith a’ dearbh-leughadh gu faiceallach. Dramatic activities can be more complex, developing from exploratory work into more fully formed and organised outcomes, faodaidh gnìomhan-dràma a bhith nas ioma-fhillte, agus iad a’ fàs à obair rannsachaidh a dh’ionnsaigh thoraidhean air a bheil an tuilleadh cumaidh agus eagrachaidh
11 expressed with fàs an, vn fàs an Situations in which they explore and develop an understanding of the world, suidhichidhean anns am bi iad a’ rannsachadh an t-saoghail agus a’ fàs ann an eòlas air. To develop their confidence and competence, gus fàs ann am misneach agus ann an comas. As pupils develop their skills in the use of Gaelic, mar a tha a’ chlann a’ fàs nan sgilean ann a bhith a’ cleachdadh na Gàidhlig. A programme which will involve developing auditory discrimination, prògram a tha a’ gabhail a-steach fàs ann an comas cluaise. Pupils will be helped by developing knowledge about language, bidh e na chuideachadh don chloinn a bhith a’ fàs ann an eòlas air cànain
12 expressed with fàs plus comp a, vn fàs etc. Pupils will develop confidence in the manipulation of punctuation, bidh a’ chlann a’ fàs nas misneachaile ann a bhith a’ làimhseachadh pungaidh
13 expressed with thig plus fàs air. The pupils’ attention span will be developed, thig fàs air an ùine a bhitheas a’ chlann a’ toirt aire. How meanings develop and change, mar a bhitheas fàs agus caochladh a’ tighinn air brìgh fhaclan
14 thoir fàs air, vn toirt fàis air. The sense of purpose and audience will be developed, bheirear fàs air mothachadh adhbhair agus luchd-amais. Paired reading develops awareness of audience, tha leughadh eadar dithis a’ toirt fàis air mothachadh air luchd-amais. This ability will develop confidence, bheir an comas seo fàs air misneach. The process of reading and discussion can be developed by use of listening centres, faodar fàs a thoirt air leughadh agus air beachdachadh le bhith a’ cleachdadh ionadan-èisteachd. Skills of selecting facts will continue to be developed, leanar air a bhith a’ toirt fàis air sgilean taghadh fìorsgeoil. Using material to develop hand-eye co-ordination, a’ cleachdadh stuthan gus fàs a thoirt air co-òrdanachadh làimh-is-sùla. Structured situations for developing talk, suidhichidhean òrdaichte airson fàs a thoirt air còmhradh
15 thoir cothrom fàis do, vn toirt cothrom fàis do. The teacher will develop pupils’ understanding, bidh an tidsear a’ toirt cothrom fàis do thuigse na cloinne
16 faigh cothrom fàis, vn faighinn cothrom fàis. Pupil tastes and choice will be developed by discussion, gheibh roghainnean agus taghadh chloinne cothrom fàis le beachdachadh
17 dèan adhartachadh air, vn dèanamh adhartachaidh air. Pupils’ competence will be developed, nithear adhartachadh air sgilean na cloinne
18 thig gu, vn tighinn gu. Pupils will be developing an understanding of the purposes of print, bidh a’ chlann a’ tighinn gu tuigse air adhbhair clò
19 thig air adhart, vn tighinn air adhart. As pupils begin to read more widely, so their writing will develop, mar a bhitheas a’ chlann a’ tòiseachadh air barrachd leughaidh a dhèanamh, bidh an sgrìobhadh aca a’ tighinn air adhart
20 cuir air adhart, vn cur air adhart. It is best developed in integrated programmes of work, ’s ann am prògraman-obrach co-òrdanaichte as fheàrr a chuirear air adhart e
21 cuir an gnìomh, vn cur an gnìomh. Perhaps based on the reading programme, storybook or theme being developed, ’s dòcha suidhichte air a’ phrògram leughaidh, air leabhar stòiridh, no air cuspair a thathar a’ cur an gnìomh
22 àraich, vn àrach m. If the first task of schools is to develop language skills, mas e prìomh dhleastanas sgoiltean a bhith ag àrach sgilean cànain. To develop in all pupils a range of positive attitudes, caochladh bheachdan fallain àrach anns a’ chloinn air fad
23 tog, vn togail f. Pupils should be given ample opportunity to develop listening skills, tha còir làn chothrom a thoirt don chloinn a bhith a’ togail sgilean èisteachd. Pupils will develop ways of expressing their reactions to their experiences, bidh a’ chlann a’ togail dhòighean air cur an cèill mar a tha iad air an gluasad le an cuid fhiosraichidhean
24 gabh, vn gabhail m. Pupils will develop an interest in comparative forms of spellings, bidh a’ chlann a’ gabhail ùidh ann am modhan litreachaidh eadar-dhealaichte
25 deilbh, vn deilbh f. The advice offered here about developing programmes of work for these pupils, a’ chomhairle a thathar a’ tairgse an seo mu bhith a’ deilbh phrògraman obrach don chloinn seo. The course was developed first in France, chaidh an cùrsa a dheilbh an toiseach san Fhraing
26 expressed with bi plus comp a repeated. Children should be encouraged to develop a growing awareness of the language, bu chòir clann a mhisneachadh gus a bhith nas mothachaile agus nas mothachaile air a’ chànain
27 not directly expressed. Help pupils to develop confidence and pleasure in their own use of Gaelic, a’ cuideachadh na cloinne gus earbsa a bhith aca nan comas fhèin sa Ghàidhlig agus gus toileachas fhaotainn às sin
developed a 1 air toirt gu ìre. Detailed accounts of each of these strands, developed as attainment targets, cunntas mionaideach air gach aon de na h-iallan seo, agus iad air an toirt gu ìre mar chuimsean-coileanaidh
2 expressed with aig ìre. A more highly developed facility with language, comas-cànain aig ìre nas àirde
3 expressed with air adhartas a dhèanamh. A pupil whose oral skills are well developed, pàiste a tha air adhartas math a dhèanamh ann an sgilean labhairt
4 leasaichte. The developed word, an saoghal leasaichte
developing a 1 expressed with a’ dol am meud. Gaelic is an integral and developing part of Scottish life and heritage, tha a’ Ghàidhlig na làn phàirt de dhòigh-bheatha agus de dhualchas na h-Alba, agus sin a’ dol am meud
2 expressed with mar a tha … a’ fàs. This is not just a matter of sympathetic assistance in advancing the pupil’s developing skills, chan eil seo a’ ciallachadh a-mhàin taice cho-fhaireachail ann a bhith a’ toirt air adhart sgilean a’ phàiste mar a tha iad a’ fàs
3 expressed (along with “maturity”) by mar a tha … a’ fàs nas sine. It is essential that the programs of study they follow should keep pace with their developing interests and maturity, tha e do-sheachnaichte riatanach gum bi na clàran oideachaidh aca a’ dol a rèir nan nithean anns a bheil iad a’ gabhail ùidh mar a tha iad a’ fàs nas sine
development n 1 (a) leasachadh m, gen leasaichaidh, pl leasachaidhean. The rich contexts for gaelic development provided by the mass-media, an t-iomadh suidheachadh airson leasachadh na Gàidhlig a tha ri fhaotainn o na meadhanan. This should allow for the development of all the language skills, tha còir aige seo àite thoirt do leasachadh nan sgilean cànain air fad. Listening has implications for speech development, tha buaidh aig èisteachd air leasachadh cainnte. Including intellectual, emotional, aesthetic and moral development, agus sin a gabhail a-staigh fàs ann an tuigse, ann am faireachadh, ann am mothachadh na bòidhchid, agus ann an leasachadh moralta. It encourages the development of all the language components, tha e a’ misneachadh leasachaidh air na h-earrainnean cànain uile. Such developments, leasachaidhean den t-seòrsa seo
(b) expressed with leasachadh air oideachadh. Policies in regard to staff development, poileasaidhean a thaobh leasachadh air oideachadh luchd-obrach
(c) expressed with leasaich, vn leasachadh m. To allow for the development of all the language skills, gus cothrom a thoirt do na sgilean cànain air fad a bhith air an leasachadh
2 (a) fàs m, gen fàis. Development will take place between Level E and Standard Grade, bidh fàs ann eadar Ìre E agus an Ìre Choitcheann. Because language is central to children’s intellectual development, a chionn ’s gu bheil cànain ann an teis meadhan fàs chloinne a thaobh tuigse. To support pupils’ personal development, taice chur ri fàs pearsanta chloinne. Including intellectual development, agus sin a gabhail a-staigh fàs ann an tuigse. Towards their own and others’ Gaelic development, air am fàs fhèin agus fàs chàich anns a’ Ghàidhlig. It would be wrong for a pupil’s listening development to be stunted, cha bhitheadh e ceart idir casg a chur air fàs pàiste ann an èisteachd. Pupils’ development will be continued, leanar air fàs na cloinne. Opportunities for personal development, cothroman fàis phearsanta. The process of development will continue, leanaidh cothrom fàis air. Pupils will read texts matched to their stage of development, bidh a’ chlann a’ leughadh theacsaichean a tha a’ tighinn a-rèir na h-ìre fàis aig a bheil iad. Group discussion will allow the development of ideas, leigidh beachdachadh ann am buidhnean cothrom fàis le bun-bheachdan
(b) expressed with fàs a thoirt air. Development of these skills will benefit from practice and discussion, bidh cleachdadh agus beachdachadh buannachdail gus fàs a thoirt air na sgilean seo. The development of a range of positive attitudes and opportunities for personal development, fàs ga thoirt air caochladh bheachdan neartmhor agus air cothroman fàis phearsanta
(c) (i) expressed with a thoirt gu fàs. To concentrate on the development of oral skills, a bhith a’ cur cudthroim air sgilean cainnt-bheòil a thoirt gu fàs
(ii) expressed with a bhith a’ toirt gu fàs. By providing lively contexts for the development of language skills, le bhith a’ tairgse suidhichidhean beothail airson a bhith a’ toirt sgilean cànain gu fàs
(d) (i) expressed with fàs, vn fàs m. To ensure the development of skills, gus dèanamh cinnteach gum fàs na sgilean
(ii) expressed with bi a’ fàs. Development will continue in terms of maturity and variety of text, bidh teacsaichean a’ fàs nas caochlaidiche agus nas adhartaiche
3 adhartas m, gen adhartais. statements of minimum competency or attainment targets, at five broad levels of development, iomraidhean air comasan aig a’ char as lugha, no cuimsean coileanaidh, agus iad sin aig còig ìrean farsaing de dh’adhartas
4 piseach m, gen pisich. These computer programs might also be used as visual stimuli to promote the development of oral skills in Gaelic, dh’fhaodaiste na prògraman seo a chur gu feum gus piseach a thoirt air sgilean cainnt-bheòil anns a’ Ghàidhlig
5 expressed with a bhith a’ cur ri chèile. It can also let them deal with the development of ideas, faodaidh e cothrom a thoirt dhaibh a bhith a’ cur an smuaintean ri chèile
6 expressed with na tha a’ gabhail àite. We are heartened by developments in the Gaelic arts, broadcasting and education, tha sinn air ar deagh mhisneachadh le na tha a’ gabhail àite sna h-ealain, an craoladh agus am foghlam Gàidhlig
7 not directly expressed. To respond to more complex visual stimuli appropriate to their age or stage of development, freagairt a dhèanamh ri nithean faicsinneach a tha nas ioma-fhillte agus a tha a rèir an aois no an ìre
language development n phr expressed with ann an cànain. For a few in Gaelic medium programmes, language development will not involve attainment of the targets, tha àireamh bheag a tha gan oideachadh tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig nach bi a’ coileanadh nan cuimsean ann an cànain
development mod fàis. Teachers are advised to make descriptive notes of the pupil’s strengths and development needs, thathar a’ comhairleachadh do thidsearan notaichean a dhèanamh le iomradh air na feartan agus air na feumalachdan fàis aig a’ phàiste
device n 1 innleachd f, pl innleachdan. They may use reading tests or other measurement devices, faodaidh iad deuchainnean leughaidh no innleachdan tomhais eile a chleachdadh. To recognise differences in likely content from page layouts and other typographical devices, gus eadar-dhealachaidhean aithneachadh anns an t-susbaint a tha coltach o chumadh nan duilleag agus o innleachdan eile a bhuineas do chlò-bhualadh. How devices of structure and style are used, mar a chleachdar innleachdan cumaidh agus stoidhle
2 cleas f, pl cleasan. Association of words with activity is another important device for indicating meaning, ’s e cleas cudthromach a tha ann cuideachd a bhith a’ ceangal fhaclan ri gnìomh gus brìgh a chur an cèill
3 modh m, pl modhan. An ability to apply technical devices of communication, comas air modhan conaltraidh teicnigeach a chur an greim
4 nì m, pl nithean. Pupils are expected to show awareness of technique through skilled deployment of appropriate stylistic devices, thathar a’ sùileachadh gum bi a’ chlann a’ nochdadh mothachaidh air modh-cànain anns a bheil cleachdadh sgileil air nithean iomchaidh a bhuineas do stoidhle
devise v tr 1 dealbhaich, vn dealbhachadh m. The teacher will devise short messages and other functional listening tasks, bidh an neach-teagaisg a’ dealbhachadh fiosan goirid agus gnìomhan èisteachd eile
2 deilbh, vn deilbh f. An assessment schedule could be devised, dh’fhaodaiste clàr-measaidh a dheilbh
3 cuir ri chèile, vn cur ri chèile. Teachers will spend time devising programmes, bidh tidsearan a’ cur seachad ùine a’ cur phrògraman ri chèile
devised a air a dhealbhadh. By means of a school-devised programme, le prògram a tha air a dhealbhadh anns an sgoil fhèin
devoice v tr dì-ghuthaich, vn dì-ghuthachadh m
devoicing n dì-ghuthachadh m, gen dì-ghuthachaidh
devote v tr thoir, vn toirt. It is recommended that a proportion of this time might be devoted to language work, thathar a’ moladh gum faodaiste cuibhreann den ùine seo a thoirt do dh’obair cànain. Parts of it will be devoted to setting, bidh cuid dhith air a toirt do stèidheachadh. Two strands in the attainment targets have been devoted to the recognition of genre, tha dà èill anns na cuimsean-coileanaidh air an toirt do dh’aithne air gnè
dew n dealt m & f, gen dealta
dew mod dealta
dew point n phr puing f dhealta, pl puingean dealta
diabetes n 1 diabaetas m, gen diabaetais
2 an ruith-fhuail f, gen na ruithe-fuail
diagnose v tr 1 breithnich, vn breithneachadh m
2 lorg a-mach. There may also be times when the teacher will use techniques which can diagnose the cause of difficulties in learning, faodaidh gum bi amannan ann cuideachd an uair a bhitheas an tidsear a’ cleachdadh dhòighean a lorgas a-mach màthair-adhbhair dhuilgheadasan ionnsachaidh
diagnosis n breithneachaidh m, gen breithneachaidh
diagnostic a 1 sgrùdail. They may use diagnostic spelling tests to identify the nature of specific difficulties, faodaidh iad deuchainnean sgrùdail litreachaidh a chleachdadh gus gnè dhuilgheadasan sònraichte a chomharrachadh
2 expressed with geur-bhreithneachadh m, gen geur-bhreithneachaidh. Pupils with specific learning difficulties may require a diagnostic approach, dh’fhaodadh gum bi feum air geur-bhreithneachadh aig clann le duilgheadasan ionnsachaidh sònraichte
3 expressed with faigh ròs air trioblaidean. They may use reading tests for diagnostic purposes, faodaidh iad deuchainnean leughaidh a chleachdadh gus ròs fhaighinn air trioblaidean
diagonal a trasdanach
diagonally adv 1 trasd
2 air a tharsainn. It came in the door diagonally, thànaig e a-steach an doras air a tharsainn
3 air fiaradh. After entering the gate walk diagonally uphill for 100 metres, an dèidh dhol a-steach an geata dìrich air fiaradh suas airson 100 meatair
diagram n 1 diagram m, pl diagraman. As can be seen from the diagram, mar a chithear bhon diagram. To respond through drawings and diagrams, a bhith a’ freagairt tro dhealbhan agus tro dhiagraman. Children will be asked to produce short oral or written accounts of what they have heard and make illustrative diagrams, bidh a’ chlann a’ cur ri chèile cunntasan goirid ann an cainnt-bheòil no ann an sgrìobhadh agus bidh iad a’ dèanamh diagraman gus solas a chur air na cunntasan
2 clàr m, gen clàir, pl clàran. One approach to the relationship between text and task is set out in the following diagram, tha aon dòigh air coimhead air an dàimh eadar teacsa agus gnìomh air a chur an cèill anns a’ chlàr a leanas
diagrammatic a ann an diagraman. The outcomes from these activities may be pictorial or diagrammatic, faodaidh toradh na h-obrach seo a bhith ann an dealbhan no ann an diagraman
dialect n dualchainnt f, pl dualchainntean. To take full advantage of gaelic dialects, a’ gabhail làn chothroim air dualchainntean na gàidhlig. Dialects is a necessary term, ’s e briathar riatanach a tha ann an dualchainnt. Pupils will encounter a range of dialects and accents, bidh a’ chlann a’ coinneachadh ri caochladh sheòrsachan dualchainnt agus blas. The experience of listening to different dialects on tape, èisteachd ri caochladh dhualchainnt air teip
dialect mod dualchainnt or dualchainnte. Drama scripts present chances for dialect and colloquial forms, gheibhear cothrom ann an sgriobtaichean dràma air modhan dualchainnt agus mith-chainnt. A greater variety of texts including dialect forms, barrachd sheòrsachan theacsaichean, nan lùib modhan dualchainnte
dialogue n 1 còmhradh m, gen còmhraidh, pl còmhraidhean. “Plot”, “dialogue”, “main character” and “conflict”, “plota”, “còmhradh”, “prìomh phearsa” agus “strì”. Parts of it will be devoted to dialogue which reveals personality, bidh cuid dhith air a toirt do chòmhradh a tha a’ foillseachadh pearsantachd. Showing character relationships through dialogue, a’ nochdadh dàimh phearsachan tro chòmhradh. From the early stages of dialogue, o fhìor thoiseach còmhraidh. Dialogues in script form, còmhraidhean ann an cumadh sgriobta. To listen to demonstration dialogues, a bhith ag èisteachd ri còmhraidhean taisbeanaidh
2 co-chòmhradh m, gen co-chòmhraidh. Write a brief imaginative dialogue, a’ sgrìobhadh co-chòmhraidh ghoirid o mhac-meanma
diameter n trasd-thomhas m, gen trasd-thomhais, pl trasd-thomhasan
in diameter adv phr 1 an trasd-thomhas. A stone walled round house 12m in diameter externally and 8m internally, taigh cruinn le balla cloiche 12m an trasd-thomhas air an taobh a-muigh agus 8m a-staigh
2 expressed with trasd-thomhas m, gen trasd-thomhais, pl trasd-thomhasan. The roundhouses vary in diameter from 8 to 13m, tha na trasd-thomhasan aig na taighean-cruinne eadar 8m agus 13m
diamond n daoimean m, gen daoimein, pl daoimeanan
diaphragm n Anat an sgairt f, gen na sgairt
diarrhoea n 1 tinneas-cuim m, gen tinneis-chuim. Any staff member who contracts a persistant cough, respiratory infection or diarrhoea must withdraw from work, ma thogas neach sam bith den luchd-obrach casad leanailteach, gabhaltachd analach no tinneas-cuim feumaidh i/e tarraing a-mach às a cuid/chuid obrach
2 a’ bhuinneach f, gen na buinnich
diary n leabhar-latha m, gen leabhair-latha, pl leabhraichean-latha. Diary entries, cunntasan leabhar-latha
dice n dìsinn f, gen dìsne, pl dìsnean
dictate v tr deachd, vn deachdadh m. Perhaps it was the songs he himself regarded as most worthy of preservation that the bard dictated through that summer, dh’fhaodadh gur e na h-òrain a b’ airidh mheas e fhèin air glèidheadh a dheachd am bàrd tron t-samhradh ud
dictation n deachdadh m, gen deachdaidh
dictator n deachdair m, pl deachdairean
diction n modh-labhairt m
dictionary n faclair m, pl faclairean. Using a dictionary, a’ cleachdadh faclair. Personal dictionaries, faclairean pearsanta
didactic a 1 oideachail
2 expressed with ro smachdail ann am beachd. The emphasis should be practical; it should neither be didactic nor over-analytic, tha còir cudthrom a chur air nithean prataigeach, agus sin gun a bhith ro smachdail ann am beachd no ann an sgrùdadh
die n dìsinn f, gen dìsne, pl dìsnean
die v i bàsaich, vn bàsachadh m
diet n riaghailt-bhidhe f, gen riaghailt-bidhe, pl riaghailtean-bidhe
dietary a a thaobh riaghailt-bidhe. Special dietary needs, feumalachdan sònraichte a thaobh riaghailt-bidhe
differ v i bi eadar-dhealaichte ri/o. Since illustrations in story text often differ from those in informational texts, oir tha na dealbhan a bhitheas ann an teacsa stòiridh gu tric eadar-dhealaichte ris an fheadhainn a tha ann an teacsaichean fiosrachaidh. How spoken language differs from written forms, mar tha cainnt-bheòil eadar-dhealaichte ri modhan sgrìobhte
2 bi eadar-dhealaichte o chèile. Teachers can help pupils recognise how texts dealing with different kinds of knowledge differ, faodaidh tidsearan a’ chlann a chuideachadh gus a bhith ag aithneachadh mar tha teacsaichean mu chaochladh sheòrsachan eòlais eadar-dhealaichte o chèile
differing a 1 eadar-dhealaichte. Showing some appreciation of the differing viewpoints of characters, a’ nochdadh tuigse air na beachdan eadar-dhealaichte aig na pearsachan
2 expressed with diofar m. Respond in a way that shows some appreciation of the differing viewpoints of characters, a’ freagairt ann an dòigh a tha a’ nochdadh breithneachadh air diofar bharail na tha a’ gabhail pàirt
3 expressed with caochladh m. Particular local circumstances and differing regional policies, cùisean ionadail sònraichte agus caochladh phoileasaidhean roinneil. The task is the same but is related to texts of differing degrees of difficulty, ’s i an aon dreuchd a tha ann ach tha i a’ buntainn do theacsaichean de chaochladh ìrean duilgheadais
difference n 1 eadar-dhealachadh m, gen eadar-dhealachaidh, pl eadar-dhealachaidhean. Show recognition of one obvious difference between two simple texts, a’ nochdadh gu bheil aithne aca air aon eadar-dhealachadh follaiseach eadar dà theacsa shìmplidh. The pupils should be alerted to these differences, bu chòir a’ chlann a chur nam faireachadh mu na h-eadar-dhealachaidhean a tha an-seo. Differences in the nature of story and simple informational texts, eadar-dhealachaidhean ann an nàdar stòiridh no theacsaichean-fiosrachaidh sìmplidh. Differences between narrative and description can be identified, faodar aithne a chur air eadar-dhealachaidhean eadar sgeul agus tuairisgeal
2 diofar m, gen diofair, pl diofaran. The difference in price is…, ’s e an diofar eadar na prìsean…. What are the main differences between the two maps, dè na prìomh dhiofaran a tha eadar an dà mhapa?
3 beàrn f, gen beàirn and beàrna, pl beàrnan. To bridge the differences between the two forms of Gaelic education, gus a’ bheàrn a lìonadh eadar an dà sheòrsa foghlaim Ghàidhlig
4 expressed with eu-coltach a. Identify some similarities and differences of form and content, a’ cur aithne air mar a tha eisimpleirean den aon ghnè theacsaichean coltach agus eu-coltach ri chèile ann an cruth ’s ann an susbaint. Similarities and differences among stories can be fully explored, faodar làn rannsachadh a dhèanamh air mar a tha stòiridhean coltach agus eu-coltach ri chèile
5 (a) pl, expressed with nithean m pl a tha eu-coltach ri chèile. Similarities and differences of form and content, nithean a tha coltach agus eu-coltach ri chèile
(b) pl, expressed with nithean m pl a tha eadar-dhealaichte ri chèile. Opportunities will be given to children to explore, acknowledge and value similarities and differences between themselves and others, thèid cothroman a thoirt do chloinn gus na nithean a rannsachadh anns a bheil iad coltach agus anns a bheil iad eadar-dhealaichte ri chèile, agus gus àite a thoirt do na nithean seo agus gus luach a chur orra
6 expressed with nì a tha a’ cur o chèile. Show recognition of one obvious difference between two simple texts, a’ nochdadh gun aithnich iad aon nì follaiseach a tha a’ cur o chèile dà theacsa shìmplidh
different a 1 eadar-dhealaichte. Slightly different, gu ìre bhig eadar-dhealaichte. Different groups of children, buidhnean eadar-dhealaichte de chloinn. Some will need different approaches to these targets, feumaidh cuid slighean eadar-dhealaichte a leantainn a dh’ionnsaigh nan cuimsean seo. Apply the information acquired from a number of different sources, a’ cur gu feum am fiosrachadh a fhuaras o chunntas ghoireasan eadar-dhealaichte. In a variety of different contexts, ann an caochladh shuidhichidhean eadar-dhealaichte
2 diofar preceding n. Different genres are also mixed together for particular effects, bithear cuideachd a’ cothlamadh diofar sheòrsachan gnè ri chèile gus buadhan sònraichte a thoirt gu buil. By using different fonts and layout, le bhith a’ cleachdadh diofar chlòdhan ’s dhòighean-rian. The remains of several different periods of settlement can be seen, chithear làraichean a bhuineas do ghrunnan de dhiofar amannan tuineachaidh
3 expressed with caochladh m. Identify features of form and content in different types of text, a’ cur aithne air comharraidhean cruth is susbaint ann an caochladh seòrsachan teacsa. To different audiences, ri caochladh luchd-èisteachd. To ensure progression, balance and consistency of approach and content at different ages and stages, gus daingneachadh a dhèanamh air leantainneachd agus air co-ionnanachd a thaobh dhòighean teagaisg agus a thaobh na thathar a’ teagasg aig caochladh aoisean agus ìrean. Beginnings in fiction now take different forms, tha caochladh dhòighean a-nis air tòiseachadh ann am ficsean
4 expressed with caochladh sheòrsachan. The teacher will demonstrate different writing strategies, bidh an tidsear a’ taisbeanadh caochladh sheòrsachan de dhòighean-sgrìobhaidh. Pupils receiving a Gaelic education will have a number of different backgrounds, bidh clann a tha a’ faighinn oideachadh ann an Gàidhlig à caochladh sheòrsachan àrainneachd
5 expressed with chan ionnan v phr. The balance in A2 will be different from the balance in B1, chan ionnan cothromachadh ann an A2 agus ann an B1
6 expressed with fa leth. Texts of differing degrees of difficulty appropriate to the needs of different pupils, teacsaichean de chaochladh ìrean duilgheadais mar a fhreagras air feuman sgoilearan fa leth
differently adv expressed with eadar-dhealaichte a. The ways in which accent and dialect can cause listeners to react differently, na dòighean anns am faod buaidh eadar-dhealaichte a bhith aig blas agus dualchainnt air luchd-èisteachd
differentiate v tr 1 dèan sgaradh eadar, vn dèanamh sgaraidh eadar. Differentiate between the ways in which he uses…, dèan sgaradh eadar na dòighean anns a bheil e a’ cleachdadh…
2 bi plus sgaradh air. That work is properly differentiated, gu bheil sgaradh dòigheil air an obair
3 (maths) diofaraich, vn diofarachadh m
differentiated a 1 eadar-dhealaichte. Provision for differentiated learning needs, sochairean airson feuman ionnsachaidh eadar-dhealaichte. This will require more differentiated targets, cuiridh seo feum air cuimsean nas eadar-dhealaichte
2 a tha air eadar-sgaradh. Differentiated longer texts can be discussed by groups, faodar beachdachadh le buidhnean air teacsaichean fada a tha air an eadar-sgaradh
3 iomachruthach. A differentiated curriculum will be a feature of schools’ responses to such needs, bidh clàr-teagaisg iomachruthach mar phàirt de na bhitheas na sgoiltean a’ dèanamh gus gabhail ri an leithid seo a dh’fheuman
4 Math diofaraichte
differentiation n 1 eadar-sgarachdainn m
2 expressed with dèan eadar-dhealachadh, vn dèanamh eadar-dhealachaidh. Opportunities for differentiation by text, task and level of support, cothrom gus eadar-dhealachadh a dhèanamh le teacsa, le gnìomh agus le ìre taice
3 Math diofarachadh m, gen diofarachaidh
difficult a doirbh. By asking for too much evidence of it in a component like writing which is still proving difficult, le bhith a’ sùileachadh cus dearbhaidh air ann an earrainn-obrach mar a tha sgrìobhadh, agus sin fhathast doirbh
difficulty n 1 duilgheadas m, gen duilgheadais, pl duilgheadasan. pupils with learning difficulties, clann aig a bheil duilgheadasan ionnsachaidh. A few may reveal signs of physical difficulties, àireamh bheag, ’s dòcha, a’ nochdadh gu bheil duilgheadasan corparra aca. Gaining a command of Gaelic is a process involving the gradual acquisition and expansion of knowledge, skills and understanding at increasing levels of difficulty and demand, gus a’ Ghàidhlig ionnsachadh feumar eòlas, sgilean agus tuigse a thogail agus a leudachadh mean air mhean, agus ìrean duilgheadais a’ sìor mheudachadh
2 tàire f. For children who may have difficulty in learning the skills of reading and writing, do chloinn a dh’fhaodas tàire bhith aca ann a bhith a’ togail sgilean leughaidh agus sgrìobhaidh
3 (due to ill-health) anacothrom m, gen anacothruim. They were only managing with difficulty, cha robhar a’ dèanamh a’ ghnothaich ach air anacothrom
4 èiginn f. The boat was in difficulties when the skipper sent out a distress call, bha am bàta ann an èiginn nuair a chuir a-mac an sgiobair fios-èiginn
diffusion n lìonsgaradh m, gen lìonsgaraidh
dig v tr 1 ruamhair, vn ruamhar m. The rigs were often dug communally by a line of diggers, gu tric bha na feannagan air an ruamhar le sreath de luchd-ruamhair a bhith ag obair còmhla
2 cladhaich, vn cladhach m
3 dèan, vn dèanamh m. Dig a hole in the ground to accommodate the cylinder, dèan toll san talamh airson an siolandair a chumail
dig over v phr ruamhair, vn ruamhar m. Stone heaps scattered within the enclosure suggest this had been just dug over with spade or foot-plough, chithear sgapte air feadh an àite-iadhaidh seo cùirn de chalchan, agus bhuaidhe seo bidh e coltach dìreach gu robhar ga ruamhar leis a’ chaibe-ruamhair no leis a’ chois-chaibe
digest v tr 1 meirbh, vn meirbheadh m
2 expressed with gabh a-staigh, vn gabhail a-staigh. They will be expected to digest information, bithear a’ sùileachadh orra gun gabh iad fiosrachadh a-staigh
digestion n meirbheadh m, gen meirbhidh
digestive a meirbhidh. Digestive system, siostam meirbhidh
digger n neach-ruamhair m, pl luchd-ruamhair. The rigs were often dug communally by a line of diggers, gu tric bha na feannagan air an ruamhar le sreath de luchd-ruamhair a bhith ag obair còmhla
digit n figear m, gen figeir, pl figearan
digital a 1 didseatach. More channels will be available under this new digital system, gheibhear am barrachd shianalan fon t-siostam dhidseatach ùr seo
2 figearail. Digital clock, gleoc figearail. Digital display, sealladh figearail
dilatory a màirnealach
dilemma n 1 imcheist f, pl imcheistean
2 duilgheadas m, gen duilgheadais, pl duilgheadasan. By letting them interact with characters’ dilemmas and situations, le bhith a’ leigeil leotha a dhol an lùib duilgheadasan agus suidhichidhean nam pearsachan
dilute v tr caolaich, vn caolachadh m
dilution n caolachadh m, gen caolachaidh, pl caolachaidhean
dimension n 1 meudachd f
2 seòl-tomhais m, gen & pl siùil-thomhais. The three dimensions, na trì siùil-thomhais.
3 cùis f. Curricular dimensions such as information technology, cùisean a’ chlàir-theagaisg mar tha teicneolas fiosrachaidh
dimensional a tòimhseach. Two-, three-dimensional space, spàs dà-thòimhseach, trì-thòimhseach
diminish v tr & i 1 beagaich, vn beagachadh m
2 rach air ais, vn dol air ais. Gaelic speaking children whose competence in the language may diminish in a predominantly English-speaking environment, clann aig a bheil a’ Ghàidhlig ach a dh’fhaodas an comas a dhol air ais ann an àrainneachd anns a bheil a’ Bheurla a’ toirt bàrr
diminutive n meanbhan m, gen meanbhain, pl meanbhanan. In this dialect very often the masculine diminutive suffix does not change in the genitive case, anns an dualchainnt seo glè thric cha bhi iar-leasachan a’ mheanbhain fhireann ag atharrachadh anns an tuiseal ghinideach ann
diminutive a meanbh
dinghy n geòla f, pl geòlaichean
dinosaur n dìneasar m, gen dìneasair, pl dìneasaran
diocese n sgìre-easbaig f, pl sgìrean-easbaig. The diocese of Argyll and the Isles, sgìre-easbaig Earra-Ghàidheal is nan Eilean
dioxide n dà-ogsaid f. Carbon dioxide, dà-ogsaid carboin
dip v tr 1 bog, vn bogadh m
2 tùm, vn tumadh m
dipper n tumair m, pl tumairean
diphthong n dà-fhoghar m, gen dà-fhoghair, pl dà-fhogharan
direct a 1 dìreach. Direct object, oibseig dhìreach. Direct speech can be taught by looking at texts, faodar labhairt dhìreach a theagasg le bhith a’ sealltainn ri teacsaichean
2 expressed with gu dìreach. Particularly in rural areas where there is no direct access to an appropriate casualty unit, gu h-àraidh ann an àiteachan dùthchail far nach fhaighear cothrom a dhol gu dìreach gu aonad-thubaist iomchaidh
directly adv 1 (a) dìreach. The teacher will talk directly to the class, bidh an tidsear a’ còmhradh dìreach ris a’ chlas. They are not directly related to age, chan eil ceangal dìreach aca ri aois
(b) gu dìreach. This is obtained either directly or indirectly, gheibhear seo an dara cuid gu dìreach no gu neo-dhìreach
2 expressed with gun dad a chleachdadh ach. Since several pupils are able to plan and organise ideas together directly on screen, seach gu bheil comas aig grunnan chloinne planadh a dhèanamh agus rian a chur air beachdan còmhla gun dad a chleachdadh ach an sgrìne
direct v stiùir, vn stiùireadh. By directing them into the task, le bhith gan stiùireadh a-steach don obair. It will help to direct pupils’ play, bidh e na chuideachadh gus cluiche chloinne a stiùireadh
direction n 1 (a) stiùireadh m, gen stiùiridh, pl stiùiridhean. a short, straightforward text which gives an item of information, instruction or direction, teacsa goirid furasta anns a bheil fiosrachadh, seòladh no stiùireadh. Aspects of performance and direction, nithean a tha a’ bualadh air a bhith a’ gabhail pàirt agus air stiùireadh. Show that they can use at least the following terms: discussion, instructions, directions, a’ nochdadh gun cuir iad gu feum, air a’ char as lugha, na faclan a leanas: beachdachadh, seòladh, stiùireadh. Listening for information, instructions and directions, ag èisteachd airson fiosrachaidh, seòlaidh agus stiùiridh. Give and understand directions, thoir seachad agus tuig stiùiridhean
(b) expressed with stiùir, vn stiùireadh m. Teacher support will be less evident but will still give direction as necessary, cha bhi taice tidseir cho follaiseach ach fhathast bi seo a’ stiùireadh mar a bhitheas sin riatanach
2 seòladh m, gen seòlaidh. Activities such as giving directions, gnìomhan mar a bhith a’ toirt seòlaidh
3 àird f, gen àirde, pl àirdean. Wind direction, àird na gaoithe. What is the wind direction? dè an àird anns a bheil a’ ghaoth? The trffic must all go in the same direction, feumaidh an trafaig uile a dhol gus an aon àird
4 cùrsa m, pl cùrsaichean. How many times have the children to change direction on their route to school? cia mheud turas a dh’fheumas a’ chlann an cùrsa atharrachadh air an t-slighe don sgoil?
directive n riaghailt f, pl riaghailtean
director n stiùiriche m, pl stiùirichean
board of directors n phr bòrd-stiùiridh m, gen bùird-stiùiridh
managing director n phr manaidsear-stìuiridh m, gen manaidseir-stiùiridh, pl manaidsearan-stiùiridh
dirk n biodag f, gen biodaig, pl biodagan
disability n ciorram m, gen ciorraim, pl ciorraman. We believe that no family should be excluded from the group’s activities on the grounds of disability, colour or ethnic origin, tha sinn a’ creidsinn nach bu chòir gum bitheadh teaghlach sam bith air an dùnadh a-mach bho ghnìomhan na buidhne mar thoradh air ciorram, dath no bunadh eitniceach
disadvantage n 1 anacothrom m, gen anacothrom
2 (a) eas-bhuannachd f, pl eas-bhuannachdan
(b) expressed with neg plus buannachd f
disadvantaged a expressed with bho shealladh anacothroim. The school will review its options for these advantaged and disadvantaged pupils, bidh an sgoil a’ breithneachadh air a cuid roghainnean airson na cloinne seo, bho shealladh cothroim agus anacothroim
disagree v i nochd easaonta, vn nochdadh easaonta. Many pupils will need to be taught how to disagree, feumaidh mòran den chloinn an teagasg gus a bhith a’ nochdadh easaonta
disagreement n easaonta m. The continuing disagreement in the church, an t-easaonta a tha air a bhith a’ leantainn san eaglais
disappear v i 1 rach à sealladh, vn dol à sealladh
2 falbh à, vn falbh à. Heather is gradually colonising the richer grasslands as the nutrients disappear from these soils, tha am fraoch mean air mhean a’ tighinn a-steach don talamh-fheòir as torraiche mar a tha na stuthan-beathachaidh a’ falbh às na h-ùirean seo
disappointment n briseadh-dùil, gen brisidh-dhùil, pl brisidhean-dùil
disbelief n 1 ana-creideas m, gen ana-creideis
2 às-creideamh m, gen às-creideimh
disbelieve v tr expressed with neg plus creid, vn creidsinn m. I don’t disbelieve what you say, chan eil mi gun a bhith a’ creidsinn na tha thu ag ràdh
disbeliever n às-creidmheach m, gen & pl às-creidmhich
discernible a faicsinneach, comp faicsinnich. Write a brief imaginative dialogue with discernible organisation, a’ sgrìobhadh co-chòmhraidh ghoirid o mhac-meanma le rian faicsinneach
discharge n 1 saoradh m, gen saoraidh. Absolute discharge, saoradh iomlan
2 dì-luchdachadh m, gen dì-luchdachaidh
discharge v tr 1 cuir, vn cur m. The water is discharged into the sewers, thèid an t-uisge a chur a-steach do na sàibhearan-òtrachais
2 (electricity) dì-luchdaich, vn dì-luchdachadh m
discipline n rian m. To learn the disciplines of effective speaking, gus an rian a bhuineas do labhairt èifeachdach ionnsachadh
disclosure n nochdadh m, gen nochdaidh, pl nochdaidhean. Disclosure or discovery of abuse, nochdadh no lorg droch-dhìola
discolour v tr cuir droch dhath air, vn cur droch dhath air
discomfort n 1 anshocair f, gen anshocaire, pl anshocran
2 mì-shocair f
discount n lasachadh m (prìse), gen lasachaidh, pl lasachaidhean
discourage v tr cuir bacadh air, vn cur bacaidh air. All reasonable steps must be taken to discourage the spread of infection, feumar gach riatanas reusanta a dhèanamh gus bacadh a chur air gabhaltachd o bhith a’ sgaoileadh
discouraged a expressed with mì-mhisneach m, gen mì-mhisnich. We hope that groups will not feel discouraged or threatened in any way by the introduction of this policy, tha sinn an dòchas nach bi am poileasaidh na adhbhar mì-mhisnich no bagraidh air chor sam bith do bhuidhnean
discover v tr 1 rannsaich, vn rannsachadh m. Discovering, a’ rannsachadh
2 lorg, vn lorg m
3 faigh a-mach, vn faighinn f a-mach. This will help pupils to discover the need for a flexible and varied vocabulary, cuidichidh seo a’ chlann gu bhith a’ faighinn a-mach gum feum briathrachas a bhith fosgailte agus iomachruthach
4 faigh ròs air, vn faighinn ròs air. They will discover the experiences they share with others, gheibh iad ròs air nithean a tha iad fhèin agus feadhainn eile a’ fiosrachadh le chèile. This will help pupils to discover styles appropriate to purpose and audience, cuidichidh seo a’ chlann gus ròs fhaighinn air stoidhlichean a tha a’ freagairt air adhbhar agus air luchd-amais
discovery n 1 lorg m, gen luirg, pl lorgan. Disclosure or discovery of abuse, nochdadh no lorg droch-dhìola
2 nuadh-lorg m, gen nuadh-luirg, pl nuadh-lorgan
make discoveries v phr expressed with lorg nithean, vn lorg nithean. Pupils should be helped to make discoveries for themselves, tha còir gum faigheadh clann cuideachadh gus nithean a lorg dhaibh fhèin
discovery mod expressed with tro fhèin-fhiosrachadh. So that they can pursue research and discovery learning, gus an tèid aca air a dhol an sàs ann an rannsachadh agus ann an ionnsachadh tro fhèin-fhiosrachadh
discrete a 1 eadar-dhealaichte. To explore the nature and content of media in more discrete ways, a bhith a’ rannsachadh nàdar nam meadhan agus na bheil annta ann an dòighean eadar-dhealaichte
2 expressed with fèin pron. This recognises that language exists both as a discrete area and as a permeating element across the curriculum, tha seo a’ gabhail ris gu bheil àite sònraichte aig cànain an dà chuid dhi fhèin agus mar nì a tha a’ dol air feadh a’ chlàir-theagaisg gu lèir
discrimination n 1 (a) (i) breithneachadh m, gen breithneachaidh. Not least to develop powers of discrimination, gu h-àraidh gus buadhan breithneachaidh a thoirt air adhart. To develop skills of matching and discrimination, gus sgilean co-chòrdaidh agus breithneachaidh a thoirt air adhart
(ii) expressed with breithneachail a. Learning to read accurately and with discrimination becomes increasingly important, tha a bhith ag ionnsachadh a bhith a’ leughadh gu dòigheil agus gu breithneachail a’ sìor fhàs nas cudthromaiche
(b) comas m. A programme which will involve developing auditory discrimination, prògram a tha a’ gabhail a-steach fàs ann an comas cluaise
2 lethbhreith f. Racial discrimination, lethbhreith chinealtais. Activities and the use of play equipment offer children opportunities to develop in an environment free from prejudice and discrimination, tha gnìomhan-cluiche agus a bhith a’ cleachdadh stuth-chluiche a’ cur an tairgse cloinne chothroman air fàs ann an àrainneachd saor o chlaon-bhàidh agus o lethbhreith
discriminatory a lethbhreitheach. Discriminatory remarks are unacceptable in the pre-school, cha ghabhar ri cainnt lethbhreitheach san ro-sgoil
discursive a tuairisgeil. A variety of forms of functional writing including discursive and persuasive writing, caochladh mhodhannan de sgrìobhadh gnìomhachail, agus sin a’ cunntadh sgrìobhadh tuairisgeil agus sgrìobhadh ìmpidh
discuss v tr 1 beachdaich air, vn beachdachadh air. Discuss things like … in your answer, beachdaich air nithean mar … nad fhreagairt. Pupils will discuss terms associated with knowledge about language, bidh a’ chlann a’ beachdachadh air ràdhan a bhuineas do dh’eòlas air cànain. Reading and discussing texts with the teacher, pupils will be encouraged to produce a variety of different kinds of writing, le bhith a’ leughadh agus a’ beachdachadh air teacsaichean leis an tidsear, misnichear a’ chlann gus caochladh sheòrsachan sgrìobhaidh a thoirt gu buil. Sections of stories can be read, discussed, re-drafted before being brought together, faodar earrainnean stòiridhean a leughadh, beachdachadh orra, an ath-dhreachdadh mus toirear cruinn còmhla iad. Singular and plural will be used when discussing the relationships of words and meanings, cleachdar singilte agus iomarra ann am beachdachadh air dàimh fhaclan agus brìgh. By discussing in advance the purpose of their listening, le bhith a’ beachdachadh ro làimh air an adhbhar a tha aca a bhith ag èisteachd
2 co-bheachdaich air, vn co-bheachdachadh air. The pupils can discuss their performance as a group, faodaidh a’ chlann co-bheachdachadh air mar a tha iad a’ dèanamh mar bhuidhinn
3 dèan beachdachadh air, vn dèanamh beachdachaidh air. Pupils can discuss and appreciate the many varieties of language, faodaidh a’ chlann beachdachadh agus lèirmheas a dhèanamh air gach iomadh seòrsa cànain a tha ann. They should consider whether the text is best suited to be discussed in the class, tha còir aca beachdachadh air co-dhiùbh a tha an teacsa nas freagarraiche airson beachdachadh a dhèanamh air anns a’ chlas
discussed a expressed with air am bithear a’ beachdachadh. The topics discussed will be produced by the class, bidh na cuspairean air am bithear a’ beachdachadh air an togail leis a’ chlas
discussion n 1 beachdachadh m, gen beachdachaidh. Group discussion, beachdachadh-buidhne. Show that they can use at least the following terms: discussion, instructions, directions, a’ nochdadh gun cuir iad gu feum, air a’ char as lugha, na faclan a leanas: beachdachadh, seòladh, stiùireadh. In discussion and writing, ann am beachdachadh ’s ann an sgrìobhadh. Though talking and listening often occur in proximity to each other (in, for example, discussion), ged a bhitheas labhairt agus èisteachd a’ dol air adhart gu tric an dlùth dhàimh ri chèile (mar eisimpleir ann am beachdachadh). They will begin to learn how to take part in discussion activities, bidh iad a’ tòiseachadh air ionnsachadh mar a ghiùlaineas iad iad fhèin ann an beachdachadh. Pupils are expected to be aware of the situation of the discussion, thathar a’ sùileachadh gum bi a’ chlann mothachail air suidheachadh a’ bheachdachaidh. After discussion, an dèidh beachdachaidh. This may be used to promote further discussion, faodar seo a chur gu feum gus an tuilleadh beachdachaidh a thogail
2 expressed with a bhith a’ beachdachadh. Dialects is a necessary term in the discussion of diversity within Gaelic, ’s e briathar riatanach a tha ann an dualchainnt ann a bhith a’ beachdachadh air iomadalachd anns a’ Ghàidhlig. The possibilities for group discussion and the engagement with problems in work of this kind are inexhaustible, chan eil ceann no crìoch air a’ chothrom a tha ann an obair den t-seòrsa seo gu bhith a’ beachdachadh ann am buidhnean agus gu bhith a’ gleachd ri ceistean duilich. Discussion with pupils about the criteria will allow the teacher to be sensitive to what is important for pupils to achieve in the test, bheir a bhith a’ beachdachadh leis a’ chloinn air na bun-chomharraidhean cothrom don tidsear a bhith mothachail air na tha e cudthromach don chloinn a choileanadh anns a’ ghnìomh
3 expressed with beachdaich air, vn beachdachadh air. Ideas can be shared if, after group discussion, pupils’ opinions are displayed for others to read, faodar iomlaid a dhèanamh air bun-bheachdan ma tha barailean na cloinne air an taisbeanadh, an dèidh beachdachadh orra ann am buidhnean, gus an leugh càch iad
4 expressed with beachdaich, vn beachdachadh m. Studying representations of Gaelic culture for discussion and analysis, a’ gabhail ealla ri dòighean-riochdachaidh air dualchas na Gàidhlig gus am beachdachadh ’s an rannsachadh
5 co-bheachdachadh m, gen co-bheachdachaidh. Through involvement in the discussion, le bhith an lùib a’ cho-bheachdachaidh. Reporting the group’s discussion to the teacher, a’ dèanamh iomraidh don tidsear air co-bheachdachadh na buidhne. She will recognise gestures and eye contact and use these as cues to extend the discussion, aithnichidh i gluasadan-bodhaig agus glacadh-sùla agus cleachdaidh i iad sin gus leudachadh air a’ cho-bheachdachadh. The pupils can respond individually or in corporate discussion, faodaidh a’ chlann freagairt mar aon no ann an co-bheachdachadh còmhla. Interviews, eye witness accounts and discussions, agallamhan, cunntasan sùil-fhianais agus co-bheachdachadh
6 expressed with co-bheachdaich, vn co-bheachdachadh m. In small group discussions of brief tasks, far a bheil buidhnean beaga a’ co-bheachdachadh air gnìomhan goirid
7 còmhradh m buidhne, gen còmhraidh bhuidhne, pl còmhraidhean buidhne. Discussion and individual talk will be given a particular emphasis within Talking and Listening, ann an Labhairt agus ann an Èisteachd cuirear cudthrom sònraichte air còmhradh buidhne agus labhairt aon-neach
8 expressed with gnothach m, gen gnothaich. Discussion is likely to be led by the teacher, bidh e coltach gur e an tidsear a bhitheas air ceann gnothaich
9 deasbad m, gen deasbaid
10 gnìomh m beachdachaidh, pl gnìomhan beachdachaidh. Written activities may follow from discussions, faodaidh gnìomhan-sgrìobhaidh fàs à gnìomhan beachdachaidh
group discussion n phr 1 beachdachadh-buidhne m, gen beachdachaidh-bhuidhne, pl beachdachaidhean-buidhne. Pupils will be familiar with the process of listening and responding in group discussion, bidh eòlas aig a’ chloinn air mar a tha èisteachd agus freagairt ann am beachdachadh-buidhne ag oibreachadh
2 beachdachadh m ann am buidhnean, gen beachdachaidh etc. Ideas can be shared if, after group discussion, pupils’ opinions are displayed for others to read, faodar iomlaid a dhèanamh air bun-bheachdan ma tha barailean na cloinne air an taisbeanadh, an dèidh beachdachadh orra ann am buidhnean, gus an leugh càch iad
in discussion prep phr 1 ann am beachdachadh
2 rè beachdachaidh. In order to analyse issues raised in discussion, gus cùisean a sgaradh a chaidh a thogail rè beachdachaidh
disease n 1 galar m, gen galair, pl galaran
2 eucail f, gen eucalach, pl eucailean
3 (of plants) gaiseadh m, gen gaisidh, pl gaisidhean
dish n mias f, gen mèise, pl miasan
disinfectant n dì-ghalaran m, gen & pl dì-ghalarain. Staff must wear appropriate protective clothing when handling strong disinfectants and chemicals, feumaidh an luchd-obrach aodach dìonach iomchaidh a bhith orra an uair a bhitheas iad a’ làimhseachadh dhì-ghalarain làidir agus cheimigean
disinfect v tr dì-ghalaraich, vn dì-ghalarachadh
disinfection n dì-ghalarachadh m, gen dì-ghalarachaidh
disk n clàr m, gen clàir, pl clàran. Slipped disk, clàr sgiorrte
dislike n
dislikes n pl 1 expressed with neg plus is toil le. Understand statements about likes/dislikes, ceistean a thuigsinn mu rudan as/nach toil le neach
2 expressed with neg plus is caomh le. Tell us about your childs likes and dislikes, innis dhuinn mu na rudan as caomh agus nach caomh led leanabh
dislike v tr 1 neg plus is toil le
2 expressed with neg plus còrd ri, vn còrdadh ri. Write down three types of weather and the reasons why people like or dislike them, sgrìobh sìos trì seòrsaichean sìde agus na h-adhbharan airson gun còrd no nach còrd iad ri daoine
disorder n an-riaghailt f, gen an-riaghailte
disorderly a an-riaghailteach
disperse I v tr cuir sgapadh air, vn cur sgapaidh air
II disperse v i 1 sgap, vn sgapadh m
2 sgaoil, vn sgaoileadh m. The police used water cannon to force the demonstrators to disperse, chleachd am poileas canain-uisge airson toirt air na daoine a bha a’ togail fianais sgaoileadh
dispersed a 1 sgapte. An extensive settlement of dispersed roundhouses stretches from here across the peninsula to the loch, tha àite-tuineachaidh farsaing de thaighean-cruinne sgapte a’ ruith à seo tarsainn gu ruig an loch
2 sgaoilte. Dispersed settlement, tuineachadh sgaoilte
dispersal n sgapadh m, gen sgapaidh. The socio-economic reasons for the dispersal of Gaelic-speaking people to the Commonwealth, na h-adhbhair shòiseo-eacanomaigeach a chuir sgapadh air sluagh na Gàidhlig don Cho-Fhlaitheas
display n 1 taisbeanadh m, gen taisbeanaidh, pl taisbeanaidhean. Attractive displays of posters, taisbeanaidhean tarraingeach de shanasairean
2 clàr m taisbeanaidh, gen clàir thaisbeanaidh, pl clàran taisbeanaidh
display v tr taisbean, vn taisbeanadh m. Ideas can be shared if pupils’ opinions are displayed for others to read, faodar iomlaid a dhèanamh air bun-bheachdan ma tha barailean na cloinne air an taisbeanadh gus an leugh càch iad. The teacher can display written reviews, faodaidh an tidsear breithnichidhean sgrìobhte a thaisbeanadh. If pupils are given regular opportunities to display completed work, ma tha a’ chlann a’ faotainn cothroim gu cunbhalach a bhith a’ taisbeanadh obair chrìochnaichte. Gaelic arts and crafts should be displayed, bu chòir ealdhain agus ciùird Ghàidhlig a thaisbeanadh
disposable a so-chaitheimh. Disposable gloves, miotagan so-chaitheimh
disposal n. Spillage disposal, glanadh dòrtaidh, glanadh na chaidh a dhòrtadh
dispose v tr cuir an dàrna taobh, vn cur an dàrna taobh
disposition n aigne f
dispute n 1 connspaid f, pl connspaidean. Industrial dispute, connspaid gnìomhachail
2 aighneas m, gen aighneis, pl aighneasan
dissertation n tràchd f, pl tràchdan
dissimilation n dì-choslachadh m, gen dì-choslachaidh
dissolve v tr & i eadarsgaoil, vn eadarsgaoileadh m
dissolved a eadarsgaoilte
distance n astar m, gen & pl astair
distance mod faid. Distance matrix, meatrags faid
distant a fada. The experiences they share with others whose lives are distant from their own, nithean a tha iad fhèin agus feadhainn eile a’ fiosrachadh le chèile — ged a tha an caitheamh-beatha fada bhuapa fhèin
distil v tr driog, vn driogadh m
distilled a driogte. Distilled water, uisge driogte
distillation n driogadh m, gen driogaidh
distillery n taigh-staile m, pl taighean-staile
distinct a eadar-dhealaichte. One obvious difference between two simple texts of distinct types, aon eadar-dhealachadh follaiseach eadar dà theacsa shìmplidh de ghnè eadar-dhealaichte
distinctly adv gu soilleir. No learning or teaching activity has these elements tidily separated and distinctly identifiable, chan eil na h-earrainnean seo air an sgaradh gu rèidh agus air an comharrachadh gu soilleir ann an gnìomh ionnsachaidh no gnìomh teagaisg sam bith
distinction n eadar-dhealachadh m, gen eadar-dhealachaidh, pl eadar-dhealachaidhean. And to say what are the markers which allowed them to make the distinction, agus a ràdh gu dè na comharraidhean a thug cothrom dhaibh an t-eadar-dhealachadh a dhèanamh
distinctive a 1 àraidh. The study of genre helps pupils to see how the form and content of distinctive types of texts reflect their underlying purposes, cuidichidh beachdachadh air gnè a’ chlann gu bhith a’ tuigsinn mar tha cruth sheòrsachan àraidh de theacsaichean, agus na bheil annta, a’ comharrachadh nan adhbhar a tha air an cùl
2 (a) sònraichte
(b) expressed with gnè f shònraichte. Ecologically the land can be divided into three zones, each with its own distinctive vegetation, a thaobh eag-eòlais faodar an talamh a roinn ann an trì sònan, gach aon dhiubh le a ghnè shònraichte de lusrach
3 (linguistics) dealachaidh. Distinctive features, feartan dealachaidh
distinguish v tr 1 dèan dealachadh, vn dèanamh dealachaidh. Distinguish between the words … and…, dèan dealachadh eadar na faclan … agus…. How to distinguish between a character’s own point of view and what the author feels about it, mar a nithear dealachadh eadar beachd a’ phearsa fhèin agus mar a tha an t-ùghdar a’ faireachdainn mu dheidhinn
2 dèan eadar-sgaradh, vn dèanamh eadar-sgaraidh. Occasions when the teacher is developing pupils’ ability to distinguish the main features of different kinds of texts, amannan a bhitheas an tidsear a’ toirt gu buil comas na cloinne air eadar-sgaradh a dhèanamh air na prìomh chùisean aig caochladh sheòrsachan theacsaichean
distinguishing a 1 expressed with a tha a’ dealachadh o chèile. The range of distinguishing features of texts should be extended, bu chòir leudachadh a dhèanamh air na nithean a tha a’ dealachadh theacsaichean o chèile. And their distinguishing features explored by taking notes, agus a bhith a’ rannsachadh nan nithean sin a tha gan dealachadh o chèile le bhith a’ gabhail notaichean
2 eadar-dhealaichte. Until pupils are confident in identification of these distinguishing features, gus am bi misneach aig a’ chloinn ann a bhith ag aithneachadh nan comharraidhean eadar-dhealaichte seo
distraction n cion aire f
distress n 1 àmhghar, àmhghair m, gen àmhghair, pl àmhgharan, àmhghairean
2 airc f, gen airce
3 anshocair f, gen anshocaire, pl anshocran
4 èiginn f
distress call n fios-èiginn m, pl fiosan-èiginn. The boat was in difficulties when the skipper sent out a distress call, bha am bàta ann an èiginn nuair a chuir a-mach an sgiobair fios-èiginn
distress v tr
distressing a anshocrach, comp anshocraiche; anshocair, comp anshocaire
distribute v tr 1 riaraich, vn riarachadh m
2 sgaoil, vn sgaoileadh m
distribution n 1 riarachadh m, gen riarachaidh. Land distribution, riarachadh fearainn
2 (a) sgaoileadh m, gen sgaoilidh. Spacial distribution, sgaoileadh spàsail
(b) expressed with sgaoil, vn sgaoileadh m. To accompany the distribution of these guidelines, gus a sgaoileadh còmhla ris an stiùireadh seo
3 expressed with cuir a-mach, vn cur a-mach. The course will give an understanding of the various treatment and distribution processes used in the water industry, bheir an cùrsa tuigse air na dòighean air uisge a leasachadh agus a chur a-mach don t-sluagh a thathar a’ cleachdadh sa ghnìomhachas uisge
distributive a roinnteach
district n sgìre f, pl sgìrean
distrust n an-earbsa f
distrustful a an-earbsach
disturb v tr cuir dragh air, vn cuir dragh air. The news disturbed him, chuir an naidheachd dragh air
2 suath ri, vn suathadh ris. The equpment should be left in a place where it will not be disturbed, bu chòir don uidheam a bhith air fhàgail ann an àite far nach tèid suathadh ris
disturbance n 1 aimhreit f, pl aimhreitean
2 atharrachadh m, gen atharrachaidhean. It is sensitive to ecological disturbances, tha buaidh mhòr aig atharrachaidhean a thaobh an eag-eòlais air
disyllabic a dà-lideach. According to the metre this loan-word is disyllabic, a-rèir na meadrachd tha am facal-iasaid seo dà-lideach
disyllable n dà-lide m, pl dà-lidean
ditch n 1 dìg f, pl dìgean
2 clais f, pl claisean
ditty n luinneag f, gen luinneig, pl luinneagan
diver, black-throated n (Gavia arctica) learg f dhubh, gen leirg duibhe, pl leargan dubha. There are a pair of black-throated divers nesting on the loch, tha dà learg dhubh a’ neadachadh air an loch
diversity n 1 iomadalachd. Diversity of language, culture and progression, iomadalachd cànain, cultair agus adhartais. Dialects is a necessary term in the discussion of diversity within Gaelic, ’s e briathar riatanach a tha ann an dualchainnt ann a bhith a’ beachdachadh air iomadalachd anns a’ Ghàidhlig. The teacher should respond with understanding to the diversity of language and social experience, tha còir aig an tidsear a bhith a’ gabhail le tuigse ris an iomadalachd cànain agus fiosrachaidh shòisealta
2 iomadalachd sheòrsachan. Advice about taking account of diversity of language, comhairle mu bhith a’ gabhail ealla ri iomadalachd sheòrsachan cànain. Accents will be a term used in considering diversity in spoken Gaelic, ’s e briathar a tha ann am blas a bhithear a’ cleachdadh ann am beachdachadh air iomadalachd sheòrsachan cainnt-bheòil Ghàidhlig
3 ioma-fhillteachd f. Diversity of language, culture and progression, ioma-fhillteachd cànain, cultair agus adhartais. Media education should help pupils to know the nature and diversity of the mass media, bu chòir do dh’oideachadh anns na meadhain clann a chuideachadh gus aithne chur air nàdar agus ioma-fhillteachd nam mòr mheadhan
4 farsaingeachd f. The diversity and demand of functional listening will continue to grow, bidh farsaingeachd èisteachd ghnìomhachail, agus na thathar a’ sùileachadh leatha, a’ sìor fhàs
5 expressed with cho iomachruthach a phr. It will mirror the diversity of the area the school serves, bidh i a’ comharrachadh cho iomachruthach ’s a tha coimhearsnachd na sgoile. Such approaches should stress the richness and diversity of gaelic culture, tha còir aig dòighean den t-seòrsa seo cudthrom a chur air cho saidhbhir agus cho iomachruthach ’s a tha dualchas na Gàidhlig. Pupils will begin to appreciate linguistic diversity, tòisichidh clann air tuigsinn cho iomachruthach ’s a tha cànain
divide v tr roinn, vn roinn f. They were divided equally, bha iad air an roinn co-ionnan. The land was divided amongst the tenants into crofts, chaidh am fearann a roinn am measg nan teanantan na chroitean. If one were to divide the first verse according to its phrases it would be written as follows, nam bite a’ roinn na ciad rainn a-rèir nan abairtean rachadh a sgrìobhadh mar a leanas
dividing a dealachaidh. There are the remains of a dividing wall down the centre of the hill-field, gheibhear lorg air balla-dealachaidh sìos meadhan an achaidh
division n roinn f. Each long lines forms two half-lines with the division coming after the second stress, tha gach sreath fada a’ dèanamh dà leth-shreath leis an roinn a’ tighinn an dèidh an dara cudthroim
divisor n roinniche m, pl roinnichean
divorce n dealachadh-pòsaidh m, gen dealachaidh-phòsaidh, pl dealachaidhean-pòsaidh
divot n sgrath f, pl sgrathan
dizziness n boile, boil f, gen boile
do v tr 1 dèan, vn dèanamh m. In doing so, ann a bhith a’ dèanamh seo
2 expressed with copula. Pupils should be encouraged to speak in Gaelic even if they do so in a combination of Gaelic and English, bu chòir a’ chlann a mhisneachadh gus a bhith a’ bruidhinn anns a’ Ghàidhlig fiù ’s ged a b’ ann an cothlamadh de Ghàidhlig ’s de Bheurla
to do with v phr expressed with ann an dàimh. It has much to do with the knowledge and experience of the listener, tha e ann an dlùth dhàimh ri eòlas agus ri fiosrachadh an neach-èisteachd
do not v phr aux expressed with bi a’ sgur a plus vn. Where a feature identified earlier in a target does not appear subsequently in the strand, far a bheil rud air choireigin a chomharraicheadh na bu thràithe ann an cuimse a’ sgur a nochdadh as a dhèidh sin anns an èill
doing n 1 gnìomh m. By asking them to demonstrate understanding by doing or speaking, le bhith ag iarraidh orra an tuigse a nochdadh le gnìomh no labhairt
2 (battering, generally applied to the effect of wind on plants) labradh m, gen labraidh. The daffodils will be getting a doing tonight, bidh lusan a’ chroma-chinn a’ faighinn an labradh a-nochd
in doing so prep phr 1 ann a bhith a’ dèanamh seo
2 mar seo
3 fhad ’s a tha seo a’ dol
dock n doca m, pl docan, docaichean
doctor n 1 (of medicine) dotar m, gen dotair, pl dotaran
2 ollamh m, gen ollaimh, pl ollamhan
doctorate n ollamhachd f, pl ollamhachdan
document n 1 sgrìobhainn, pl sgrìobhainnean. There should be Gaelic versions of all official documents, bu chòir gum bitheadh sgrìobhainnean oifigeil air fad rim faotainn ann an tionndadh Gàidhlig
2 pàipear m, gen pàipeir, pl pàipearan. A consultative document, pàipear breithneachaidh. Policy documents, pàipearan poileasaidh. Both documents advise, tha gach pàipear dhiubh sin a’ comhairleachadh. In this document, anns a’ phàipear seo
documentary a expressed with fiosrachaidh. Functional items such as news and documentary materials, nithean gnìomhachail mar naidheachdan agus prògraman fiosrachaidh
dodecahedron n dòideacaihèadran m, gen & pl dòideacaihèadrain
dodgem (car) n seachainear m, gen seachaineir, pl seachainearan
dogfish n biorach f, gen bioraich, pl bioraichean
dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) n 1 leumadair m, pl leumadairean
2 muc-bhiorach f, gen muice-bioraich, pl mucan-biorach
dolt n 1 buamastair m, pl buamastairean
2 bumailear m, gen bumaileir, pl bumailearan
dome n cuach-mhullaich f, gen cuaich-mhullaich, pl cuachan-mullaich. Ice dome, cuach-mhullaich eighe
domestic a 1 (a) expressed with taighe mod. Water demand continues to increase, both for domestic purposes and for industry, tha an t-iarraidh air uisge a’ sìor dhol am meud, an dà chuid a thaobh feumalachdan taighe agus ann an gnìomhachas
(b) taigheil
2 (a) a bhuineas don dachaigh. They will show a readiness to talk about familiar school and domestic situations, nochdaidh iad gu bheil iad deònach a bhith a’ còmhradh mu shuidhichidhean eòlach a bhuineas don sgoil agus don dachaigh
(b) bhon dachaigh. Pollution due to industrial and domestic waste, truaillidheachd a thoradh air stuthan caithte bho ghnìomhachas no bhon dachaigh
dominance n uachdranachd f. To explore the underlying reasons for all viewpoints, including the dominance and attractions of anglophone culture, rannsachadh a dhèanamh air na tha a’ gluasad a h-uile beachd a tha ann, agus sin a’ gabhail a-staigh uachdranachd agus tarraingeachd dualchas luchd na Beurla
dominant a expressed with thoir bàrr air càch. This element should not be dominant, cha bu chòir don chùis seo a bhith a’ toirt bàrr air càch
dominate v tr thoir bàrr air, vn toirt bàrr air. They should not dominate the principal aim, chan eil còir aca bàrr a thoirt air a’ phrìomh amas
donation n tabhartas m, gen tabhartais, pl tabhartais, tabhartasan. Your donation will help us prevent child abuse, cuidichidh ur tabhartas sinn gus casg a chur air droch-dhìol air cloinn
door n doras m, gen dorais, pl dorsan. This ability will open the door to the rich storehouse of Gaelic culture, fosglaidh an comas seo an doras a dh’ionnsaigh stòrais shaidhbhir dualchas na Gàidhlig
next door adv phr an ath-dhoras
door-step n leac f an dorais
dormant a tàmhach, comp tàmhaich
dormitory town n phr baile-eisimeil m, pl bailtean-eisimeil
dot n dotag f, gen dotaig, pl dotagan. Put a dot on your map to show where you live, cuir dotag air do mhapa a shealltainn far a bheil thu a’ fuireach
dot v tr
dotted a 1 puingte
2 phuingeanan. Print your name at the dotted line, sgrìobh ur n-ainm mar chlò air an loidhne phuingeannan
double a dùbailte
double glazed a dà ghlainne. Double glazed window, uinneag dhà-ghlainne. Double shape, cruth dùbailte
double v tr dùblaich, vn dùblachadh m
doubled a dùblaichte
down adv 1 (motion away) (a) sìos. He went down, chaidh e sìos
(b) a-bhàn. He went down, chaidh e a-bhàn
2 (motion towards) (a)a-nuas. He came down, thàinig e a-nuas
(b) a-bhàn. He came down, thàinig e a-bhàn
3 (rest) (a) shìos. He is down, tha e shìos
(b) a-bhàn. He is down, tha e a-bhàn
down prep 1 (motion) (a) (i) sìos (plus rad). He went down the hill, chaidh e sìos am bruthach. He came down the hill, thàinig e sìos am bruthach. He went down the stairs, chaidh e sìos an staighre
(ii) sìos an prep. He went down it, chaidh e sìos ann
(b) (i) a-bhàn (plus rad). He went down the hill, chaidh e a-bhàn am bruthach. He came down the hill, thàinig e a-bhàn am bruthach. He went down the stairs, chaidh e a-bhàn an staighre
(ii) a-bhàn an prep. He went down it, chaidh e a-bhàn ann
2 (rest) (a) shìos (plus rad). He is down the hill now, tha e shìos am bruthach a-nis. The shop is further down the street, tha a’ bhùth nas fhaide shìos an t-sràid
(b) (i) a-bhàn (plus rad). He is down the hill now, tha e a-bhàn am bruthach a-nis
(ii) a-bhàn an prep (plus dat). The dog is down a hole, tha an cù a-bhàn ann an toll. The dog is down the hole, tha an cù a-bhàn san toll
downhill a shìos am bruthach. The building was less stable on the downhill side, cha robh an togalach cho seasmhach aig an taobh a bha shìos am bruthach
downhill adv 1 le bruthach
2 sìos. After entering the gate walk diagonally downhill for 100 metres, an dèidh dhol a-steach an geata coisich sìos air fiaradh airson 100 meatair
downward a sìos. Downward pull, tarrainn sìos
downwards adv 1 sìos. She went downwards, chaidh i sìos
2 a-nuas. She came downwards, thàinig i a-nuas
3 le bruthach
doze n 1 leth-chadal m, gen leth-chadail
2 dùsal m, gen dùsail
draft n dreachd f, pl dreachdan. Preliminary draft, tùs-dhreachd. The teacher should focus on punctuation in the final draft, tha còir aig an tidsear aire thoirt do phungadh na dreachd mu dheireadh
draft v tr 1 dreachd, vn dreachdadh. Teachers will help pupils select and draft what they wish to say, cuidichidh na tidsearan a’ chlann gu bhith a’ taghadh agus a’ dreachdadh na tha iad a’ miannachadh innse
2 dèan dreachdan, vn dèanamh m dhreachdan. They will begin to draft their own pieces of composed writing, bidh iad a’ tòiseachadh air dreachdan a dhèanamh de na h-earrainnean sgrìobhaidh aca fhèin
3 cuir ri chèile, vn cur ri chèile. Drafting, discussing, organising and editing pupils’ writing, a’ cur ri chèile, a’ beachdachadh air, a’ cur rian air agus ag eagrachadh sgrìobhadh na cloinne
drafting n 1 dreachdadh m, gen dreachdaidh. The following approach to drafting might be used, tha còir na dòighean a leanas a chleachdadh ann an dreachdadh. The routine checking of spelling at the end of drafting should be actively promoted, tha còir làn bhrosnachadh a dhèanamh air a bhith a’ cur dearbhaidh air litreachadh gu cunbhalach aig deireadh dreachdaidh
2 expressed with a bhith a’ dreachdadh. Opportunities for drafting and re-drafting should be given where appropriate, tha còir cothrom a thoirt a bhith a’ dreachdadh agus ag ath-dhreachdadh an uair a tha sin iomchaidh
3 expressed with dreachdadh a dhèanamh. After drafting, pupils can mark possible errors, an dèidh dha dreachdadh a dhèanamh faodaidh am pàiste comharraidhean a chur far am faodadh mearachdan a bhith
dragonfly n tarbh-nathrach m, gen & pl tairbh-nathrach
dragonfly, northern emerald n tarbh-nathrach m smàrag-uaine tuathach
drain v tr drèan, vn drèanadh m. The rivers were draining a mountain range to the west, bha na h-aibhnichean a’ drèanadh sreath de bheanntaichean gun iar
drainage n 1 drèanadh m, gen drèanaidh
2 expressed with uisge a’ ruith air falbh. The advantage of the rigs was that they allowed drainage down the furrows between them, ’s e a’ bhuannachd a bha ann am feannagan gum faodadh an t-uisge ruith air falbh anns na claisean eatarra
drainage basin n phr lag-drèanaidh m, gen luig-dhrèanaidh, pl lagan-drèanaidh
• àrainn-dhrèanaidh f, pl àrainnean-drèanaidh
drain-pipe n pìob f dhrèanaidh, pl pìoban drèanaidh
drama n dràma. Pair and group discussions, leading to role-play and drama, beachdachadh, ’s e sin mar chàraidean agus ann am buidhnean, agus sin gan toirt gu riochdachadh agus dràma. Stories and dramas will have more characters, bidh am barrachd phearsachan anns na stòiridhean agus anns an drama
drama a dràma. Drama scripts, sgriobtaichean dràma
dramatic a 1 dramataigeach. This can create a sense of dramatic movement essential for writing stories, faodaidh seo mothachadh a chruthachadh air gluasad dramataigeach, rud a tha fìor èiseil airson sgeulachdan a sgrìobhadh
2 dràmadach. Dramatic poem, dàn dràmadach
3 expressed with dràma m. When attending a dramatic performance, nuair a thathar a’ frithealadh dràma. Listen to a simple story, poem or dramatic text, ag èisteachd ri stòiridh, dàn no teacsa dràma a tha sìmplidh. Using discussion or a dramatic approach, bidh iad fhathast a’ rannsachadh teacsa tro dhràma no cho-bheachdachadh. Features of dramatic texts nithean a bhuineas do theacsaichean-dràma. Dramatic activities can be simple, informal and relatively unstructured, faodaidh gnìomhan-dràma a bhith sìmplidh, neo-fhoirmeil agus gu ìre gun structar
4 expressed with dràma de sheòrsa sam bith. The text may be, for example, a poem, an illustrated page from a children’s book, or a scene from a dramatic performance, mar eisimpleirean de theacsaichean tha dàn, duilleag le dealbh bho leabhar chloinne, no sealladh bho dhràma de sheòrsa sam bith
5 expressed with bho dhràma. Dramatic and mass media texts, teacsaichean bho dhràma ’s na mòrmheadhain
dramatist n dràmadaiche n, pl dràmadaichean
draughts n pl dàmais f
draw v tr 1 tarraing, vn tarraing f. Teachers will draw attention to examples of printed information, bidh na tidsearan a’ tarraing aire na cloinne a dh’ionnsaigh eisimpleirean de dh’fhiosrachadh ann an clò. Sequence can be developed by drawing a series of pictures, faodar òrdugh a thoirt air adhart le bhith a’ tarraing sreath dhealbh
2 thoir, vn toirt f. Discussion with teacher will draw attention to stress, bheir beachdachadh leis an tidsear aire a dh’ionnsaigh cudthroim. Attention is drawn to the statement on Assessment and Recording, thathar a’ toirt aire a dh’ionnsaigh na thathar ag ràdh mu Measadh agus Clàradh
3 thig gu, vn tighinn gu. And can draw conclusions from the text, agus a’ tighinn gu co-dhùnadh on teacsa
4 (a) tarraing dealbh/dealbhan (de), vn tarraing f deilbh/dhealbhan (de). Pupils will spend much time drawing, bidh a’ chlann a’ cur seachad mòran ùine a’ tarraing dhealbhan
(b) dèan dealbh/dealbhan (de), vn dèanamh deilbh/dhealbhan (de). Draw how the trees are shown in the plan, dèan dealbh de na craobhan mar a tha iad air an sealltainn sa phlana
(c) dèan, vn dèanamh m. Draw a plan of the building in which you live, dèan plana den togalach anns a bheil thu a’ fuireach. Draw your own map of the area, dèan mapa dhut fhèin den cheàrnaidh. Try to draw a street map of the area around your school, feuch air mapa shràid a dhèanamh de dh’àrainn do sgoile
(d) expressed with dealbh f, gen deilbh, pl dealbhan. Why do you think no cars are drawn on the plan of the car park? carson a tha thu smaoineachadh nach eil dealbhan de chàraichean air plana na pàirce chàraichean?
draw analogy/analogies v tr phr samhlaich, vn samhlachadh m. They will be encouraged to draw analogies between what a text is portraying and their own ideas, gheibh iad am misneachadh gu bhith a’ samhlachadh na tha teacsa a’ dealbhachadh ri an cuid bhun-bheachdan
draw attention v tr phr 1 tarraing aire, vn tarraing f aire. Teachers will draw attention to examples of printed information, bidh na tidsearan a’ tarraing aire na cloinne a dh’ionnsaigh eisimpleirean de dh’fhiosrachadh ann an clò. The teacher will draw attention to covers, bidh an tidsear a’ tarraing an aire gu còmhdaichean
2 thoir aire, vn toirt f aire. Discussion with teacher will draw attention to stress, bheir beachdachadh leis an tidsear aire a dh’ionnsaigh cudthroim
draw on v tr phr 1 expressed with faigh, vn faighinn f. Pupils can now draw on knowledge from what they have heard and read, to use in their own imaginative writing, faodaidh a’ chlann a-nis eòlas a fhuair iad às na chuala agus na leugh iad a chur gu feum anns an sgrìobhadh mhac-mheanmnach aca fhèin
2 expressed with bonntaich air, vn bonntachadh air. The advice offered here also draws on Part 1, tha a’ chomhairle a thathar a’ tairgse an seo air a bonntachadh cuideachd air Pàirt 1
draw up v tr phr dèan, vn dèanamh m. Personal banks can be drawn up and learned, faodar tasgadh pearsanta a dhèanamh agus ionnsachadh
drawing n 1 dealbh m, gen deilbh, pl dealbhan. To respond through drawings and diagrams, a bhith a’ freagairt tro dhealbhan agus tro dhiagraman. The numbered points are the positions from which the drawings were made, ’s iad na puingean le àireamhan na suidheachaidhean bhon deach na dealbhan a dhèanamh
2 tarraing f deilbh/dhealbh. Reflection can be encouraged through drawing, faodar cnuasachadh a mhisneachadh tro tharraing dhealbh. To compose and communicate their ideas by means such as talking and drawing, smaointean a chur an cèill tro mheadhanan leithid labhairt agus tarraing dhealbh
drawing mod dealbhaidh. Drawing paper, pàipear dealbhaidh
drawn from a phr expressed with thoir à, vn toirt f à. From writing about events drawn from their day-to-day lives, o bhith a’ sgrìobhadh mu thachartasan a tha iad a’ toirt às am beatha làitheil fhèin
dream n 1 bruadar m, gen bruadair, pl bruadaran
2 aisling f, gen aislinge, pl aislingean
dream v tr & i 1 bruadraich, vn bruadrachadh m; also bruadair, vn bruadar, vn bruadaradh m
2 dèan bruadar, vn dèanamh bruadair
dreamer n 1 bruadaraiche m, pl bruadaraichean
2 aislingiche m, pl aislingichean
drench v tr dèan bog-fliuch, vn dèanamh bog-fliuch
drenched a bog-fliuch
dress v tr & i 1 cuir umad, vn cur umad
2 sgeadaich, vn sgeadachadh m
dressing n 1 cur m umad, gen cuir umad
2 sgeadachadh m, gen sgeadachaidh
3 (medical) ìoc-chòmhdach m, gen ìoc-chòmhdaich, pl ìoc-chòmhdaichean. Adhesive dressings, ìoc-chòmhdaichean tàthaidh. Sterile dressings, ìoc-chòmhdaichean aimrid
dressing-table n bòrd-sgeadachaidh m, gen & pl bùird-sgeadachaidh
dressing-up mod sgeadachaidh. Dressing-up box, bogsa sgeadachaidh
drift v i The snow is drifting, tha cabhadh-làir ann
drifting n drioftadh m, gen drioftaidh
drifting a siabaidh. Drifting material, stuth-siabaidh
drill n (tool) 1 snìomhaire m, pl snìomhairean
2 tolladair m, pl tolladairean
3 drile f, pl drileachan
4 (military) drile f
drill v tr dril, vn drileadh
drill-bit n iarann-snìomhaire m, pl iarainn-shnìomhaire, pl iarannan-snìomhaire
drink n deoch f, gen dibhe, pl deochan. Food and drink, biadh agus deoch
drink v tr & i òl, vn òl
drinking n òl m, gen òil. Drinking water, uisge òil
drinkable a freagarrach airson òl
drip v i thig am boinnean, vn tighinn am boinnean. Leave the cylinders to stand until the water stops dripping from the funnels, fàg na siolandairean nan seasamh gus am bi an t-uisge air stad a thighinn na bhoinnean às na lìonadairean
drive n
drive mod 1 draibhidh
2 iomain
drive shaft n phr crann-iomain, gen & pl crainn-iomain
drive times n phr ùineachan draibhidh
drive v tr 1 (car) draibh, vn draibheadh m
2 iomain, vn iomain f
drizzle n 1 smod m, or smodan m, gen smodain
2 (a) ceòthran m, gen ceòthrain
(b) ciùbhran, gen ciùbhrain
(c) ciuthlach m, gen ciuthlaich
drizzly a ciùthranach. It is drizzly today, tha e ciùthranach an diugh
droop v tr & i aom, vn aomadh m
drooping a (botany) crom-cheannach. Drooping brome, bròmas crom-cheannach
drop n boinne f, pl boinnean, boinneachan
droppie n 1 boinnean m, gen boinnein, pl boinneanan
2 boinneag f, gen boinneig, pl boinneagan
drop I v tr 1 leig às, vn leigeil às. He dropped the hammer, leig e às an t-òrd
2 expressed with fàg, vn fàgail f. You are asked to respect the Country Code by not dropping litter, thathar ag iarraidh ort urram a shealltainn do Chòd na Dùthcha le gun a bhith a’ fàgail sgudail
II drop v i 1 tuit, vn tuiteam m. The hammer dropped off the scaffolding, thuit an t-òrd den sgafallan
2 thig sìos, vn tighinn sìos. We are dropping fast, tha sinn a’ tighinn sìos gu luath
drop off v phr 1 tuit de, vn tuiteam de
2 (go to sleep) rach seachad, vn dol seachad
3 (from vehicle) leig às, vn leigeil às. There must be a safe drop off and collection point for vehicles, feumaidh àite sàbhailte a bhith ann do charbadan airson clann a leigeil às agus a thogail
dropper n sileadair m, pl sileadairean
dross n smùrach m, gen smùraich. Coal dross, smùrach guail
drought n tiormachd f
drown v tr & i bàth, vn bàthadh m
drudge n sguidilear m, gen sguidileir, pl sguidilearan
drug n druga f, pl drugaichean. Drugs must not be stored in the pre-school, chan fhaodar drugaichean a stòradh san ro-sgoil
druid n draoidh m, pl draoidhean
druidism n draoidheachd f
drum n bòdhran m, gen bòdhrain, pl bòdhranan
drumlin n druimnean m, gen druimnein, pl druimneanan
• druimlin m, pl duimlinean
dry a tioram, comp tiorama. It is dry today, tha e tioram an diugh
dry v tr & i 1 tiormaich, vn tiormachadh m
v tr 2 (in kiln) tìor, vn tìoradh
dual a 1 dà. This approach should have the dual aim of introducing pupils to a variety of topics and of familiarising them with new language, tha dà amas aig a leithid seo de dhòigh-obrach: a’ chlann a chur an aithne caochladh chuspairean, agus eòlas a thoirt dhaibh air cànain ùir
2 dùbailte. Dual number, àireamh dhùbailte
dual carriageway n phr rathad m roinnte, gen rothaid roinnte, pl ròidean roinnte
duchess n ban-diùc f, pl ban-diùcan
due a 1 (a) expressed with mar as iomchaidh adv. Pupils will talk for more varied and demanding purposes, with due attention to the expectations of the audience, bidh a’ chlann a’ labhairt airson barrachd sheòrsachan adhbhar, agus airson adhbhar nas duilghe, agus an aire a bhith mar as iomchaidh air na tha an luchd-amais a’ sùileachadh
(b) expressed with mar as còir. Pupils are expected to take due account of appropriate forms of presentation, thathar a’ sùileachadh gum bi a’ chlann a’ gabhail ealla mar as còir ri modhan taisbeanaidh iomchaidh
2 expressed with air a bheil e airidh. Balance listening, talking, reading, and writing, giving each its due emphasis, a’ cur èisteachd, labhairt, leughadh agus sgrìobhadh an cothromachd, gach aon a’ faotainn an àite air a bheil e airidh
3 expressed with ri phàigheadh. Total due, iomlan ri phàigheadh
dull a 1 doilleir, comp doilleire
2 dorcha, comp duirche. It is dull today, tha e dorcha an diugh
3 culmach, comp culmaiche. It is getting dull, tha e a’ fàs culmach
dumb a balbh, comp bailbhe
dumb person n balbhan m, gen & pl balbhain
dumbness n balbhachd f
dump n 1 (a) làrach f sgudail, gen làraich sgudail, pl làraichean sgudail
(b) òtrach m, gen òtraich, pl òtraichean. See also rubbish dump n phr
2 (geology) (a) expressed with dùn m, gen & pl dùin, plus a chaidh fhàgail. There is evidence here of dumps of sand, gravel, stones and boulders that date from the last glaciation, chìthear an seo dùin de ghainmhich, de ghrinneal, de chlachan agus de dh’ulbhagan a chaidh fhàgail aig àm an eigheachaidh mu dheireadh
(b) expressed with stuth m a chaidh fhàgail. These mounds are glacial dumps known as moraines, ’s e stuth a chaidh fhàgail leis an eigh-shruth a tha anns na tomannan seo ris an canar morainean
dump v tr fàg, vn fàgail f, plus na dhùn. The mounds are formed from material that was dumped in these moraines as the glacier melted, tha na tomannan air an dèanamh de stuth a chaidh fhàgail na dhùn anns na morainean seo nuair a bha an t-eigh-shruth a’ leaghadh
dune n dùn m (gainmhich), gen & pl dùin ghainmhich
dunes (on beach, with marram grass dominated vegetation) mealbhan m, gen mealbhain. Marram growing on the dunes, murran a’ fàs anns a’ mhealbhan. They picnicked in the shelter of the dunes, bha cuirm-chnuic aca san fhasgadh anns a’ mhealbhan
dung n 1 buachar m, gen buachair
2 (manure) inneir f, gen innearach
duration n 1 ùine f. Duration in minutes, ùine ann am mionaidean
2 expressed with bi a’ leantainn plus fad. The most important of these is the initial Immersion phase of at least two years’ duration, an nì as cudthromaiche dhiubha seo ’s e an ùine dhrùdhaidh, a tha a’ leantainn co-dhiù fad dà bhliadhna
of short duration a phr expressed with nach mair ach ùine ghoirid. Those whose difficulties are of short duration, iadsan aig a bheil duilgheadasan nach mair ach ùine ghoirid
during prep 1 rè (plus gen). During the immersion phase, rè na h-ùine dhrùdhaidh. Discussion during listening activities, beachdachadh rè gnìomhan èisteachd
2 an. Before or during the first year of secondary school, sa chiad bhliadhna den àrdsgoil no roimhe sin
3 fhad ’s a. The teacher can focus on texts before, during and after reading, faodaidh an tidsear a bhith a’ cuimseachadh air teacsaichean mus leughar, fhad ’s a thathar a’ leughadh agus as dèidh làimhe. Pupils will discuss, before, during and after activity, bidh a’ chlann a’ beachdachadh ron obair, fhad ’s a tha i a’ dol, agus as dèidh làimhe
4 tro. This area suffered extensive scouring from erosion by glaciers during the ice ages of the last 2 million years, fhuair an t-àite seo mòran sgùraidh bho bhith air a bhleith le eigh-shruthan tro linntean-eighe an 2 mhillean bliadhna a chaidh seachad
dusk n beul m na h-oidhche
dust n 1 dust m
2 duslach m, gen duslaich
3 stùr m, gen stùir
dustbin n 1 biona m, pl bionaichean
2 biona-stùir m, pl bionaichean-stùir
duster n dustair m, pl dustairean. Household goods such as toothpaste, matches and dusters, gnothaichean taighe mar uachdar-fhiclan, lasadairean agus dustairean
Dutch pr n (language) Duidsis f
Dutch a Duidseach
Dutchman pr n Duidseach m, gen & pl Duidsich
Dutchwoman pr n ban-Duidseach f, gen & pl ban-Duidsich
duty n
duty mod air diùtaidh. Any staff member or duty parent who contracts a persistant cough must withdraw from work, ma thogas neach den luchd-obrach no pàrant air diùtaidh sam bith casad leanailteach feumaidh i/e tarraing a-mach às a cuid/chuid obrach
dwarf n troich m and f, pl troichean
dweller n tuiniche m, pl tuinichean
dyke n 1 (wall) gàrradh m, gen gàrraidh, pl gàrraidhnean, gàrraidhean
2 (geology) gàrradh m, gen gàrraidh, pl gàrraidhean. Sheets of lava forced through the rock at right angles to the bedding planes, known as dykes, siotachan làbha a chaidh a sparradh tron chreig gu ceart-cheàrnach ris na leapannan-clàir, air a bheil gàrraidhean
stone dyke n phr gàrradh-cloiche m, gen gàrraidh-chloiche, pl gàrraidhean-cloiche
turf dyke, fail dyke n phr gàrradh-fàil m, gen gàrraidh-fhàil, pl gàrraidhean-fàil
dynamic n clì m, gen clìthe. It is now crucial to build on these achievements so that Gaelic maintains its dynamic as a living language in Scotland, tha e a-nis do-sheachnaichte cudthromach gum bithear a’ togail air na chaidh a thoirt gu buil mar-thà gus an glèidh a’ Ghàidhlig a clì mar chànan beò ann an Alba
dynamo n dainamo m, pl dainamothan
E
each pron 1 (a) gach fear, gach tè n phr. There are two main stresses in each of the first three phrases, tha dà phrìomh chudthrom anns gach tè den chiad trì abairtean
(b) expressed with gach aon n phr. Each of the following issues, gach aon de na cùisean a leanas Balance listening, talking, reading, and writing, giving each its due emphasis, a’ cur èisteachd, labhairt, leughadh agus sgrìobhadh an cothromachd, gach aon a’ faotainn an àite air a bheil e airidh. To illustrate how each of the attainment targets may be attained, gus sealltainn mar a dh’fhaodar gach aon de na cuimsean coileanaidh a ruigsinn
(b) gach rud n phr. Price each (eg on order form), prìs gach rud
2 expressed with gach a. Each of the following issues is given further attention in Part 3, tha an tuilleadh aire air a toirt ann am Pàirt 3 do gach cùis a leanas
You each got a husband in Lochcarron! fhuair sibh fear an duine an Loch Carrann!
each other pron phr chèile. Though talking and listening often occur in proximity to each other, ged a bhitheas labhairt agus èisteachd a’ dol air adhart gu tric an dlùth dhàimh ri chèile
each a 1 (a) gach. Each account of an issue, gach cunntas air cùis. It will be desirable and necessary to report on the progress of each pupil, bidh e riatanach agus do-sheachnaichte a bhith a’ toirt iomraidh air piseach agus air soirbheachadh gach pàiste. Writing a sentence for each one of them a’ sgrìobhadh seantans air gach aon dhiubh
(b) gach … fa leth. The stages in the development of each component have been clarified, rinneadh soilleireachadh air na ceumannan ann am fàs gach earrainn fa leth
2 a h-uile. We must spend a little money each year to maintain the building, feumaidh sinn beagan airgid a chosg a h-uile bliadhna airson an togalach a chumail suas
eagle n (used loosely for golden eagle, Aquila chrysaetos) iolair f, gen iolaire, pl iolairean
eagle, golden (Aquila chrysaetos) n iolair-bhuidhe f, pl iolairean-buidhe
early a 1 tràth, comp tràithe. From as early an age as possible, cho tràth ’s a ghabhas nam beatha. Studying the media cannot begin too early, chan urrainn rannsachadh air na meadhain tòiseachadh tuilleadh agus tràth. Pupils starting Gaelic early in the primary school, clann a thòisich air a’ Ghàidhlig tràth sa bhunsgoil. Tools from this early period have been found nearby, chaidh goireasan bho àm thràth seo a lorg faisg air an seo
2 expressed with gu tràth. There must be early exposure of pupils to a wide range of stories, feumar a’ chlann a chur gu tràth an lùib sreath fharsaing de stòiridhean
3 expressed with òg. At these early stages, aig an ìre òig seo. While most pupils will begin to use conventional formulae in Gaelic from an early stage, ged a bhitheas a’ mhòrchuid de chloinn a’ tòiseachadh air briathran cumanta ann an Gàidhlig a chleachdadh agus iad gu math òg
4 expressed with ciad. In the early part of the programme, anns a’ chiad chuid den phrògram
5 expressed with toiseach m. Through primary and early secondary education, tro fhoghlam sa bhunsgoil agus toiseach na h-àrdsgoile. In the early stages, aig toiseach gnothaich. In the early years of the secondary school, aig toiseach na h-àrdsgoile
6 expressed with toiseach cùise. Early language production may take the form of Gaelic sentences with some English words, is dòcha gur e seantansan Gàidhlig le faclan Beurla nam measg na thig bhuapa de chànain toiseach cùise
7 expressed with tùs m. In the early years, aig tùs na h-òige. As part of the school’s early reading programme, mar phàirt de thùs-phrògram leughaidh na sgoile
at/in the early stages prep phr 1 expressed with na cloinne bige. Teachers at the early stages, tidsearan na cloinne bige
2 expressed with leis a’ chloinn bhig
3 expressed with aig toiseach gnothaich. Much time at the early stages should be spent on play, tha còir mòran ùine aig toiseach gnothaich a chur seachad a’ cluich
4 expressed with aig na h-ìrean as tràithe. Genre recognition can begin in the early stages, faodar tòiseachadh air aithne chur air gnè aig na h-ìrean as tràithe
from an early age prep phr o thùs gnothaich
from the early stages prep phr expressed with o fhìor thoiseach. From the early stages of dialogue, o fhìor thoiseach còmhraidh
in the early years prep phr expressed with aig toiseach gnothaich. Especially in the early years, gu sònraichte aig toiseach gnothaich
in the early stages prep phr expressed with anns na clasaichean òga
earlier a comp 1 nas tràithe, as tràithe. The earlier walls are likely to be more decayed than the later ones, is dòcha gu bheil na gàrraidhean as tràithe air cnàmh air falbh gu ìre nas motha na an fheadhainn as fhadalaiche
2 expressed with nas ìsle na sin. There will be pupils in S2 for whom attainments at Level D, or earlier levels, will be major achievements, ’s e fìor adhartas mòr a bhitheas ann do chuid ann an A2 ma thèid aca air cuimsean a choileanadh aig Ìre D, no ìrean nas ìsle na sin
in earlier times prep phr expressed with uaireigin roimhe. Iron slag has been found in the ground here suggesting iron working took place in earlier times, chaidh sal-iarainn a lorg san talamh an seo, agus mar sin bidh e coltach gu robh obair-iarainn a’ dol air adhar an seo uaireigin roimhe
earliest a sup 1 nas tràithe, na bu thràithe, as tràithe, a bu tràithe. Though the land may have been occupied from the times of the earliest human settlement, ged a dh’fhaodadh e bhith gu robh luchd-tuineachaidh bho na h-amannan a bu tràithe a’ gabhail còmhnaidh san àite
2 expressed with bho/o thùs. Children’s earliest language is acquired, tha clann a’ togail cànain bho thùs. Give pupils, from the earliest years, a thoirt don chloinn, o thùs an òige
earliest stages n phr toiseach gnothaich. From the earliest stages, o thoiseach gnothaich. At the earliest stages, aig toiseach gnothaich
earliest years n phr 1 toiseach gnothaich. From the earliest years, o thoiseach gnothaich
2 tùs an òige. From the earliest years the mass media exert an influence on pupils’ lives, o thùs an òige tha buaidh aig na mòr mheadhain air beatha chloinne
in the earliest years prep phr aig an fhìor thoiseach. Acquiring writing skills begins in the earliest years, tòisichear aig an fhìor thoiseach air sgilean sgrìobhadh a thogail
early adv tràth. She came early, thànaig i tràth
earlier adv comp 1 (a) nas tràithe, as tràithe. They may be used earlier than the level at which they are assessed, faodar an cleachdadh nas tràithe na an ìre aig a bheilear gam measadh. Where a feature identified earlier in a target does not appear subsequently in the strand, far a bheil rud air choireigin a chomharraicheadh na bu thràithe ann an cuimse a’ sgur a nochdadh as a dhèidh sin anns an èill
(b) expressed with aig àm a bu tràithe. A faint circle of stones to the north suggests an earlier roundhouse, chithear cearcall blian de chlachan gu tuath, rud a dh’fhaodadh sealltainn gu robh taigh-cruinn ann aig àm a bu tràithe
2 expressed with roimhe sin. Should be attainable by some pupils in P3 or even earlier, so-ruighinn le cuid ann am B3 no fiùs roimhe sin
earring n 1 failbheag f, gen failbheig, pl failbheagan
2 fàinne-chluaise f, pl fàinneachan-cluaise
earth n 1 talamh m, gen talmhainn f
2 ùir f, gen ùire, ùireach
3 fàl m, gen fàil. The roundhouses survive as low circles of stone or earth, tha na taighean-cruinne air mhaireann nan cearcaill ìosal de chloich no de dh’fhàl
earth-moving equipment n phr innealan m pl gluasaid-thalmhainn
Earth pr n 1 Talamh, gen (na) Talmhainn. Earth’ axis, aiseal na Talmhainn
2 an Cruinne Cè
3 saoghal m, gen saoghail. Earth’ axis, aiseal an t-saoghail
earthmoving mod. Earthmoving equipment, innealan-gluasaid talmhainn
earthquake n crith-thalmhainn f, pl crithean-talmhainn
earthworm 1 boiteag f, gen boiteag, pl boiteagan
2 (a) baoiteag f, gen baoiteig, pl baoiteagan
(b) baoit f, pl baoitean
Easdale pr n Eisteal
ease n expressed with cùis f, pl cùisean plus furasta. To provide flexibility and ease of use, gus cùisean a dhèanamh fosgailte agus furasta an cur an gnìomh
at ease a phr saoirsneil. Pupils should be at ease, tha còir aig a’ chloinn a bhith saoirsneil
ease v tr dèan nas fhasa, vn dèanamh nas fhasa. Small groups will ease interaction, bidh co-luadar air a dhèanamh nas fhasa le buidhnean beaga
east adv an ear
easy a 1 furasta, comp fhasa. It is easy for them to discuss content and structure, tha e furasta dhaibh a bhith a’ beachdachadh air na tha ann agus air mar a tha e air a chur ri chèile
2 saor. With the aim being to help pupils build up an easy flow, a’ cuimseachadh air clann a chuideachadh gus dòigh shaor shiùbhlach a thogail
easier comp a nas fhasa or as fhasa. It is very much easier for pupils to see what is required for such larger units of meaning, tha e cus nas fhasa do chloinn a thuigsinn dè tha riatanach airson aonadan-brìgh mòra den t-seòrsa seo. Some of the easier poems of writers like Iain Crichton Smith, cuid de na dàin as fhasa aig sgrìobhaichean mar tha Iain Crichton Mac a’ Ghobhainn
easily adv 1 gu furasta
2 expressed with furasta a. They can so easily be related to the writer’s purpose, tha e cho furasta an cur ann an dàimh ris an adhbhar-sgrìobhaidh
eaves n pl anainn f, gen anainne, pl anainnean
ebb n tràghadh m, gen tràghaidh
ebb v i tràigh, vn tràghadh m
• traogh, vn traoghadh m
echo n mac-talla m, gen & pl mic-thalla
echo-sounder n tomhaisear-doimhne m (mic-talla), gen tomhaiseir-dhoimhne, pl tomhaisearan-doimhne
eclipse n ùr-dhubhadh m, gen ùr-dhubhaidh, pl ùr-dhubhaidhean. Eclipse of the sun, moon, ùr-dhubhadh grèine, gealaiche
• dùbhadh m, gen dubhaidh, pl dubhaidhean
eclipsis n (grammar) ùr-dhubhadh m, gen ùr-dhubhaidh
ecological a 1 eag-eòlasach
2 a thaobh eag-eòlais. It is sensitive to ecological disturbances, tha buaidh mhòr aig atharrachaidhean a thaobh an eag-eòlais air
ecologically adv gu h-eag-eòlasach
2 a thaobh eag-eòlais. Ecologically the land can be divided into three zones, a thaobh eag-eòlais faodar an talamh a roinn ann an trì sònan
ecologist n eag-eòlaiche m, pl eag-eòlaichean
ecology n eag-eòlas m, gen eag-eòlais
economic a 1 eacanomaigeach. Inextricably linked to economic factors, ann an ceangal dlùth is daingeann ri cùisean eacanomaigeach
2 ann an cùisean eacanomaigeach. For its economic potential, air sgàth na dh’fhaodas i a thoirt gu ìre ann an cùisean eacanomaigeach
3 eaconamach
economics n eaconamas m, gen eaconamais; or eaconamachd f
economist n eaconamair m, pl eaconamairean
economy n eaconamaidh m, pl eaconomaidhean
ecosystem n eag-shiostam m, gen eag-shiostaim, pl eag-shiostaman
eddy n cuairteag f, gen cuairteig, pl cuairteagan
eddy mod cuairteagach a. Eddy currents, sruthan cuairteagach
eddy v i dèan cuairteag, vn dèanamh cuairteig
eddying a cuairteagach
edelweiss n (Leontopodium alpinum) edelweiss f
edge n 1 oir f, gen oire, pl oirean. Straight edge, oir dhìreach. Edge length, fad oire. The edge of the ice-sheet, oir a’ bhrat-eighe
2 iomall m, gen iomaill, pl iomaill & iomallan
3 crìoch f, gen crìche, pl crìochan
4 bruach f, gen bruaich, pl bruaichean
edible a ion-ithe
edit v tr eagraich, vn eagrachadh m. Drafting, discussing, organising and editing pupils’ writing, a’ cur ri chèile, a’ beachdachadh air, a’ cur rian air agus ag eagrachadh sgrìobhadh na cloinne
editing n eagrachadh m, gen eagrachaidh. It allows them to concentrate on the content, organisation and editing of their own work, tha e a’ toirt cothroim dhaibh a bhith a’ bualadh air susbaint, rian agus eagrachadh na h-obrach aca fhèin
edition n 1 deasachadh m, gen deasachaidh, pl deasachaidhean
2 clò-bhualadh m, gen clò-bhualaidh, pl clò-bhualaidhean. There were too many errors in the first edition of the book, bha cus mhearachdan anns a’ chiad chlò-bhualadh den leabhar
editor n 1 eagraiche m, pl eagraichean. Pupils will act individually or as editors in writing groups, bidh a’ chlann ag obair air an ceann fhèin no mar eagraichean ann am buidhnean sgrìobhaidh
2 deasaiche m, pl deasaichean
3 neach-deasachaidh m, pl luchd-deasachaidh
education n 1 foghlam m, gen foghlaim. Gaelic medium and Gaelic learners’ education, foghlam tro Ghàidhlig agus luchd-ionnsachaidh na Gàidhlig. As pupils move through their education, mar a tha a’ chlann a’ gluasad air adhart tro am foghlam. Gaelic-medium education is a new initiative, is e iomairt ùr a tha ann am foghlam tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig
2 (a) oideachadh m, pl oideachaidh. To develop their language skills by intensive education from an early age, gus an cuid sgilean cànain a leasachadh le dian-oideachadh o thùs gnothaich. Pupils receiving a Gaelic education, clann a tha a’ faighinn oideachadh ann an Gàidhlig. It is not, however, the business of media education to choose one view at the expense of another, ach cha bhuin e do dh’oideachadh mu na meadhain a bhith a’ taghadh aon seallaidh ’s a’ cur sìos air fear eile
(b) expressed with a bhith ag oideachadh. Such pupils may be receiving a Gaelic medium education, faodaidh an leithid seo de chloinn a bhith gan oideachadh tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig
nursery education n phr foghlam m ro-sgoile, gen foghlaim ro-sgoile
primary education n phr foghlam m bun-sgoile, gen foghlaim bhun-sgoile
secondary education n phr foghlam m àrd-sgoile, gen foghlaim àrd-sgoile
tertiary education n phr foghlam m colaiste, gen foghlaim cholaiste. The use of Gaelic in nursery, primary, secondary and tertiary education in Scotland, cleachdadh na Gàidhlig ann am foghlam ro-sgoile, bun-sgoile, àrd-sgoile agus colaiste ann an Alba
educational a expressed with foghlaim m gen. Special educational needs, feuman foghlaim shònraichte. A school’s policy will also take account of the particular educational, social and personal needs of its pupils, gabhaidh poileasaidh sgoile cuideachd ealla ris na feuman sònraichte a tha aig a chuid sgoilearan — feuman foghlaim, feuman sòisealta agus feuman pearsanta. Useful texts are also provided by educational broadcasting, gheibhear teacsaichean feumail o chraoladh foghlaim. They are separable for educational purposes, gabhaidh iad sgaradh air sgàth foghlaim
educationally adv a thaobh foghlaim. Whether the attainment of particular targets is educationally valid, co-dhiù tha coileanadh chuimsean sònraichte iomchaidh a thaobh foghlaim
educator n
educators n pl luchd-oideachaidh. Educators will require to equip Gaelic-speaking pupils with the skills necessary, bidh e mar uallach air luchd-oideachaidh clann aig a bheil Gàidhlig uidheamachadh leis na sgilean a dh’fheumas iad
eerie a uamhalta. The first paragraph of a ghost story is where you make it feel like an eerie place, ’s e a’ chiad pharagraf de sgeulachd mu thaibhsean far a bheil thu ga dhèanamh coltach ri àite uamhalta. They must make the setting and expression eerie enough to make the readers’ spines creep, feumaidh iad an t-àite agus an dòigh-innse a dhèanamh cho uamhalta ’s gun cuir e gaoir ann am feòil an luchd-leughaidh
effect n 1 (a) buaidh f, gen buaidhe, pl buaidhean. To study the effects of the relationship between sound and vision, a bhith a’ rannsachadh dè a’ bhuaidh a tha aig an dàimh eadar fuaim is fradharc. Effects of rhythm can also be explored, faodar buaidh ruitheim a rannsachadh cuideachd. To be discussed for their effects on meaning, agus bithear a’ beachdachadh orra a thaobh na buaidh a tha aca air brìgh. Line length for various effects, faid sreatha airson caochladh buaidh. Pupils can discuss and appreciate the many varieties of language, and their structures, purposes and effects, faodaidh a’ chlann beachdachadh agus lèirmheas a dhèanamh air gach iomadh seòrsa cànain a tha ann, agus air an cuid structar, adhbhar agus bhuaidhean. With discussion of structures and effects, maille ri beachdachadh air cumaidhean agus buaidhean. New effects can be achieved, ruigear air buaidhean ùra
(b) expressed with buaidh f plus an prep plus obair. In order to offer comment on author’s technique and particular effects, gus beachd a thoirt seachad air modh-obrach an ùghdair agus air buaidhean sònraichte na obair
2 (a) buil f, gen buile. Control over their language and its effects, smachd air an cuid chànain agus air a buil
(b) expressed with buadh f, pl buadhan, plus thoir gu buil. vn toirt gu buil. Different genres are also mixed together for particular effects, bithear cuideachd a’ cothlamadh diofar sheòrsachan gnè ri chèile gus buadhan sònraichte a thoirt gu buil
3 dòigh-aithris f, pl dòighean-aithris. Pupils are expected to create particular effects, thathar a’ sùileachadh gum bi a’ chlann a’ deilbh dhòighean-aithris sònraichte
bring into effect v phr 1 cuir an gnìomh, vn cur an gnìomh
2 thoir gu buil, vn toirt gu buil
for effect a phr expressed with seallaidh. To develop the skills of dramatic expression, reading for effect and performance, gus fàs a thoirt air sgilean dràma agus air leughadh seallaidh is dèanadais
positive effect n phr expressed with cho fìor fheumail. The teacher will point out the positive effects of careful layout and presentation, bidh an tidsear a’ cur an cèill cho fìor fheumail ’s a tha cruth is foillseachadh cùramach
put into effect v phr cuir an gnìomh, vn cur an gnìomh. This policy will be put int effect by the department of Gaelic, cuirear am poileasaidh seo an gnìomh le roinn na Gàidhlig
sound effects n phr buaidhean fuaim. They should consider the contribution to the text of sound effects, bu chòir dhaibh beachd a ghabhail air na thathar a’ cur ris an teacsa le buaidhean fuaim
effective a 1 dòigheil, comp dòigheala. Pupils will benefit from working with real models of effective Gaelic, bithidh e feumail don chloinn a bhith ag obair le eisimpleirean dligheach de Ghàidhlig dhòigheil. To permit effective learning, gus cothrom a thoirt do dh’ionnsachadh dòigheil
2 èifeachdach, comp èifeachdaich. This framework should also provide strategies for effective teaching and learning, tha còir aig a’ bheairt seo cuideachd innleachdan airson teagaisg agus ionnsachaidh èifeachdaich a thoirt far comhair. To learn the disciplines of effective speaking, gus an rian a bhuineas do labhairt èifeachdach ionnsachadh
3 buadhmhor, comp buadhmhoire. More emphasis should be given to effective communication than to formal accuracy, bu chòir barrachd àite thoirt do chonaltradh buadhmhor na do chòmhradh a tha foirmeil agus ceart
effectively adv 1 gu h-èifeachdach. Listening effectively is an active process, is e nì eadar-phearsanta a tha ann a bhith ag èisteachd gu h-èifeachdach
2 gu dòigheil. The main aim in learning Gaelic is that pupils should be able to communicate effectively in that language, ’s e as prìomh amas ann a bhith ag ionnsachadh na Gàidhlig comas a bhith aig a’ chloinn conaltradh a dhèanamh gu dòigheil anns a’ chànain sin
3 gu buadhmhor. Having an understanding of genre gives writers a valuable aid in the task of communicating effectively, tha tuigse a bhith aca air gnè na chuideachadh luachmhor do luchd-sgrìobhaidh ann a bhith a’ conaltradh gu buadhmhor
4 expressed with buadhmhor a. This allows learners to gauge more effectively their own progress and achievements, bheir seo cothrom do luchd-ionnsachaidh tomhas nas buadhmhoire a dhèanamh air an adhartas a rinn iad agus air na tha iad a’ toirt gu buil. Activities such as word-processing, data handling and simulations, enable them to communicate more effectively with others, bidh gnìomhan mar tha dealbh-sgrìobhadh. làimhseachadh fiosrachaidh agus cur an ìre a’ toirt comais dhaibh air conaltradh nas buadhmhoire a dhèanamh ri feadhainn eile
5 expressed with deagh bhuaidh air. Pupils learn effectively when they are stimulated, tha deagh bhuaidh air ionnsachadh na cloinne an uair a tha iad air am brosnachadh
6 expressed with cothromach a. Language enables children to communicate effectively, tha cànain a’ toirt comais do chloinn conaltradh cothromach a dhèanamh
effectiveness n èifeachd f. Group discussion of first draft can help clarify effectiveness, faodaidh beachdachadh-buidhne aig àm a’ chiad dhreachd cuideachadh gus solas a chuir air èifeachd
effeminacy n boireanntachd f
effeminate a boireannta
efficiency n èifeachdachd f
efficient n èifeachdach
effluent n às-sruthadh m, gen às-sruthaidh, pl às-sruthaidhean. Treated effluent, às-sruthadh leasaichte. Untreated effluent, às-sruthadh neo-leasaichte
effort n 1 spàirn f
2 oidhirp f, pl oidhirpean. If a child’s behaviour is causing concern staff will make every effort to find out why the child is acting in such a way, ma bhitheas dragh ann a thaobh giùlan neach-cloinne nì an luchd-obrach a h-uile oidhirp gus lorg carson as ann mar sin a tha i/e ga giùlan fhèin
3 àite m. The main effort should be to stress the contemporary nature of Gaelic, tha còir am prìomh àite a thoirt do bhith a’ cur cudthroim air mar a bhuineas a’ ghàidhlig don t-saoghal a th’ann
4 expressed with saothair a tha … a’ dèanamh. Its use can free pupils from the effort of concentrating on their presentational skills, faodaidh a bhith ga chleachdadh saorsa a thoirt do chloinn on t-saothair a tha iad a’ dèanamh le bhith a’ bualadh air na sgilean taisbeanaidh
make every effort v phr dèan dicheall, vn dèanamh dìchill. I agree to make every effort to sell all the tickets supplied to me, tha mi ag aontachadh gun dèan mi mo dhìcheall gus na tiocaidean a gheibh mi a reic gu h-iomlan
egg n ugh m, gen uigh, pl uighean. Egg-poacher, slaopadair-uigh
egotist n fèinear m, gen fèineir, pl fèinearan
egressive a às-imeachd. Egressive air stream, sruth èadhair às-imeachd
Egypt pr n an Èipheit f, gen na h-Èipheit
Egyptian n 1 Èipheiteach m, gen & pl Èipheitich
2 (language) Èipheitis f
Egyptian a Èipheiteach
Egyptology n Èipheit-eòlas m, gen Èipheit-eòlais
Eigg pr n Eige; Eilean Eige
either adv a bharrachd. If Donald won’t come John won’t come either, mur tig Dòmhnall cha tig Iain a bharrachd
either conj 1 an dara cuid. Additional terms will be acquired which can be used either in talking or in writing, togar briathran a bharrachd a dh’fhaodar an cleachdadh an dara cuid ann an labhairt no ann an sgrìobhadh
2 not directly expressed. Provide either orally or in writing a considered personal view, a’ toirt, ann an cainnt-bheòil no ann an sgrìobhadh, làn bheachd pearsanta. Others may have no immediate contact with Gaelic either in the home or the community, cuid eile, ’s dòcha, aig nach eil dlùth cheangal idir ris a’ Ghàidhlig anns an dachaigh no anns a’ choimhearsnachd
either … or conj phr an dara cuid … no. This is obtained either directly or indirectly, gheibhear seo an dara cuid gu dìreach no gu neo-dhìreach
ejective a (linguistics) às-tilgeil. Ejective consonant, connrag às-tilgeil
elaborate a (of style) grinn
elaborate v tr leudaich air, vn leudachadh air. Perhaps through drawings, which will be elaborated to provide detail, is dòcha tro dhealbhan a bhithear a’ leudachadh orra gus làn fhiosrachadh a thoirt seachad
elastic n eileastaig m. Elastic band, bann eileastaig. Knicker elastic, eileastaig dhrathais
election n taghadh m, gen taghaidh, pl taghaidhean
electrical a dealain. Electrical series, sreath dhealain
electrician n dealanair m, pl dealanairean
electricity n dealan m, gen dealain
electromagnet n magnait-dealain m, pl magnaitean-dealain
electron n eileactron m, gen eileactroin, pl eileactronan
electronic a dealain. A fast and cost-effective electronic process, meadhan-dealain a tha an dà chuid luath agus cosg-èifeachdach
electronic mail n phr post-dealain m, gen puist-dhealain. Communicating ideas through electronic mail, a’ cur an cèill smuaintean le post-dealain
electronics n eileactronaig m
elegiac n tuireach
elegy n marbhrann m, gen marbhrainn, pl marbhrannan
element n 1 eileamaid f, pl eileamaidean. A place-name element, eileamaid a gheibhear ann am ainm-àite. The various elements that make up the landscape can be studied in detail, faodar na diofar eileamaidean a tha a’ dèanamh suas an dealbh-thìre a sgrùdadh gu mionaideach
2 dùil f, gen dùile, pl dùilean, dùiltean. The four elements, na ceithir dùilean
3 (a) (meteorology) dùil f, gen dùile, pl dùilean. The elements of the weather, dùilean na h-aimsire
(b) (familiar) sian f, gen sìne, pl siantan. Out under the elements, a’ muigh fo na siantan
4 (chemistry) dùil f, gen dùile, pl dùilean. Copper and sulphur are elements, ’s e dùilean a tha ann an copar agus sulfar
5 (electricity) eilimint f, pl eilimintean
6 nì m, pl nithean. When a consideration of visual elements is essential, agus gun seachnadh air a bhith a’ beachdachadh air nithean faicsinneach. Teachers should lead pupils to identify elements such as bias, tha còir aig na tidsearan a bhith a’ stiùireadh na cloinne gu bhith a’ comharrachadh nithean mar tha claon-bheachd
7 cùis f, pl cùisean. This element should not be dominant, cha bu chòir don chùis seo a bhith a’ toirt bàrr air càch
8 earrann f, gen earrainn, pl earrainnean. No learning or teaching activity has these elements tidily separated, chan eil na h-earrainnean seo air an sgaradh gu rèidh ann an gnìomh ionnsachaidh no gnìomh teagaisg sam bith
9 mìr f, pl mìrean
10 pàirt m, pl pàirtean
elementary n bun ìre f
elementary a sìmplidh
elephant n ailbhean m, gen ailbhein, pl ailbheanan; alabhan m, gen alabhain, pl alabhanan
elevation n 1 (height) àirde f, pl àirdean
2 (view) sealladh m bho shuas, gen seallaidh…, pl seallaidhean…
elevator n àrdaichear m, gen àrdaicheir, pl àrdaichearan
eleven n aon-deug. There were eleven there, bha a h-aon-deug ann
eleven a aon deug. Eleven dogs, aon chù deug. Eleven sheep, aon chaora dheug
eleventh a aona deug. The eleventh one, an t-aona fear deug. The eleventh psalm, an t-aona salm deug
elicit v tr 1 tarraing, vn tarraing f. The teacher will intervene sensitively, eliciting responses from individuals, bidh an tidsear a’ tighinn a-steach don chùis ann an dòigh mhothachail, a’ tarraing fhreagairt asta mar aon
2 toir, vn toirt f. Pupils will provide and elicit information, bidh a’ chlann a’ toirt agus a’ faotainn fiosrachaidh
elide (grammar) bàth, vn bàthadh m
elided a air a bhàthadh. The article is completely elided here, occuring as it does between the final vowel of “mi” and word-initial “l-” of “làmh”, tha an t-alt air a bhathadh gu h-iomlan an seo, is e eadar an fhuaimreag dheireannach de “mi” agus an “l-” aig toiseach an fhacail “làmh”
elision n (grammar) bàthadh m, gen bàthaidh. “Ceund” comes by elision from “ceunda”, which itself came by metathesis from “ceudna”, tha “ceund” a’ tighinn le bàthadh bho “ceunda”, riochd a thàinig e fhèin tro eadar-chàradh bho “ceudna”
elm n ailm, gen ailme
eloquence n deas-bhriathrachd f
eloquent n deas-bhriathrach
else a & adv tuilleadh. What else will you do? dè tuilleadh a nì thu
elsewhere adv ann an àiteachan eile. This implies significantly enhanced support for Gaelic where it is the principal language, and stronger support elsewhere, tha seo a’ ciallachadh rud gu sònraichte a bharrachd de thaic don Ghàidhlig ann an àiteachan far an i am prìomh chànan, agus taic nas treasa ann an àiteachan eile
e-mail n e-meil f
embellish v tr brèaghaich, vn brèaghachadh m
embellishment n brèaghachadh m, gen brèaghachaidh, pl brèaghachaidhean
emblem n suaicheantas m, gen suaicheantais, suaicheantasan
emboss n copanaich, vn copanachadh m
embossed a copanaichte
embrace v tr còmhdaich, vn còmhdach. Which embraces both Gaelic and English, a tha a’ còmhdach an dà chuid Gàidhlig agus Beurla
embryo n tùs-ghinean m, gen tùs-ghinein, pl tùs-ghineanan
emerald n smàrag f, gen smàraige, pl smàragan
emerald a smàrag-uaine
emerge v i
emerge from v phr fàs a-mach à, vn fàs a-mach à. They should emerge from the current learning context, tha còir aca fàs a-mach as an t-suidheachadh ionnsachaidh a tha a’ dol aig an àm
emergency n 1 èiginn f
2 suidheachadh-èiginn m, gen suidheachaidh-èiginn, pl suidheachaidhean-èiginn. Phone this number for all customer enquiries, including emergencies, fòn an àireamh seo mar chustamair le ceist sam bith, neo ann an suidheachadh-èiginn. In cases of emergency members of staff should use English with non-Gaelic speaking children, ann an suidheachadh-èiginn is còir don luchd-obrach Beurla a ràdh ri cloinn aig nach eil Gàidhlig. I give permission for my child to be treated in the event of a medical emergency, tha mi a’ toirt cead gum faigh an neach-cloinne agam gabhail aice/aige ma bhitheas suidheachadh-èiginn meidigeach ann
emergency mod 1 ann an suidheachadh-èiginn. Emergency telephone number, àireamh fòn ann an suidheachadh-èiginn
2 èiginn. Emergency supply vessel, soitheach-solair èiginn
emigration n às-imrich f
eminence n àrd-inbhe f
eminent a 1 àrd, comp àirde
2 àrd-inbheach, comp àrd-inbhiche
emotion n faireachdainn m, pl faireachdainnean. Their own emotions and attitudes, am faireachdainnean fhèin agus an sealladh fhèin air cùisean
emotional a 1 a thaobh faireachdainn. Because language is central to children’s emotional development, a chionn ’s gu bheil cànain ann an teis meadhan fàs chloinne a thaobh faireachdainn
2 co-cheangailte ri faireachdainnean. Dealing with emotional complexities, a’ dèiligeadh ri duilgheadasan co-cheangailte ri faireachdainnean
3 ann am faireachadh. Including intellectual and emotional development, agus sin a gabhail a-staigh fàs ann an tuigse agus ann am faireachadh
4 a tha anns na faireachdainnean. Texts in which there are characters whose emotional conflicts remain unresolved, teacsaichean anns a bheil pearsachan nach d’fhuair fuasgladh fhathast air an spàirn a tha anns na faireachdainnean aca
5 a bhuineas do dh’fhaireachadh inntinn. In order to protect them from physical, sexual and emotional harm, airson an dìon bho chron a bhuineas do bhodhaig, do ghnè is do dh’fhaireachadh inntinn
empathy n co-fhaireachdainn m. They will have a greater empathy with those whose languages and cultures are different, bidh am barrachd co-fhaireachdainn aca riuthasan aig a bheil cànanan agus dualchasan a tha eadar-dhealaichte
emperor n iompaire m, pl iompairean
emphasis n 1 cudthrom m, gen cudthruim or cudthroim. There may be a difference in emphasis on particular areas of provision, ’s dòcha gum bi diofar cudthruim air nithean àraidh ann an raointean obrach sònraichte. The main emphasis will be on securing the best conditions for pupils’ learning, bithear a’ cur prìomh chudthroim air na suidhichidhean as fheàrr a ghabhas cruthachadh airson clann a bhith ag ionnsachadh. There will be a continuing emphasis on oral skills, leanaidh cudthrom air sgilean labhairt. Secondary schools will give an increasing emphasis to reading and writing, bidh na h-àrdsgoiltean a’ cur am barrachd ’s am barrachd cudthroim air leughadh agus air sgrìobhadh. Discussion and individual talk will be given a particular emphasis within Talking and Listening, ann an Labhairt agus ann an Èisteachd cuirear cudthrom sònraichte air còmhradh buidhne agus labhairt aon-neach. Why does the author put emphasis on words like…, carson a tha an t-ùghdar a’ cur cudthroim air facail mar…
2 expressed with cuir cudthrom air, vn cur cudthroim air. The emphasis should be practical, tha còir cudthrom a chur air nithean prataigeach
3 expressed with bi plus san amharc v phr. The main emphasis in the first two years, ’s e as motha bhitheas san amharc aig tidsearan B1 agus B2
4 àite m. Balance listening, talking, reading, and writing, giving each its due emphasis, a’ cur èisteachd, labhairt, leughadh agus sgrìobhadh an cothromachd, gach aon a’ faotainn an àite air a bheil e airidh. More emphasis should be given to effective communication than to formal accuracy, bu chòir barrachd àite thoirt do chonaltradh buadhmhor na do chòmhradh a tha foirmeil agus ceart
5 seula m. Discussion with teacher will draw attention to stress pauses, emphases, bheir beachdachadh leis an tidsear aire a dh’ionnsaigh cudthroim, stadan agus seula
emphasise v tr 1 cuir cudthrom air, vn cur cudthroim air. This will emphasise individualised or group programmes of study, bidh seo a’ cur cudthroim air prògraman obrach aon-neach, no prògraman buidhne. Emphasise things like … in your answer, cuir cudthrom air nithean mar … nad fhreagairt
2 seulaich, vn seulachadh m. It should be emphasised that the content will be the first focus for assessment, dh’fheumte a sheulachadh gur ann air susbaint a bhithear a’ bualadh airson measaidh anns a’ chiad dol-a-mach
emphasising n cur m cudthroim air, gen cur cudthroim air. Skills of emphasising key ideas will continue to be developed, leanar air a bhith a’ toirt fàis air sgilean cur cudthroim air prìomh bhun-bheachdan
emphatic a 1 làidir
2 neartmhor. Emphatic suffix, iar-leasachan neartmhor
empire n iompaireachd f, pl iompaireachdan
employ v tr cleachd, vn cleachdadh m. That the pupil can consistently employ a fluent style of hand-writing, gum bi a’ chlann gu cunbhalach a’ cleachdadh stoidhle shiùbhlach làmh-sgrìobhaidh. Speakers and messages that employ a wide range of Gaelic language features, luchd-labhairt agus teachdairean a bhitheas a’ cleachdadh caochladh nithean a bhuineas don Ghàidhlig mar chànain. To extend the forms and styles they employ, leudachadh a dhèanamh air na modhan agus na stoidhlichean a tha iad a’ cleachdadh
employee n 1 neach-obrach m, pl luchd-obrach. The ability of employees to use Gaelic is increasingly seen as an asset, thathar a’ sìor thuigsinn gur nì feumail e comas a bhith aig luchd-obrach Gàidhlig a chleachdadh
2 cosnaiche m, pl cosnaichean
employer n fasdaiche m, pl fasdaichean
employment n 1 cosnadh m, gen cosnaidh. To take advantage of employment opportunities, gus cothrom a ghabhail air na cothroman cosnaidh
2 obair f, gen obrach. Possessing Gaelic gives an entry to different forms of employment, tha comas sa Ghàidhlig a’ toirt cothroim air obair de chaochladh sheòrsachan
3 expressed with gabh dreuchd, vn gabhail dreuchd. Such study might also form a basis for employment in the expanding range of media industries. Dh’fhaodadh a leithid seo de bheachdachadh a bhith na bunait airson dreuchd a ghabhail ann an gnìomhachais nam meadhan, a tha a’ sìor leudachadh
empower v tr thoir cothrom do, vn toirt cothroim do. Media education empowers pupils to make their own choices, tha oideachadh mu na meadhain a’ toirt cothroim do chloinn an cuid roghainn fhèin a dhèanamh
empress n ban-ìompaire f, pl ban-ìompairean
empty n falamh. Empty areas, àiteachan falamh
empty I v tr 1 dèan falamh, vn dèanamh falamh
2 traogh, vn traoghadh m
II empty v tr & i expressed with ruith, vn ruith (into, a-steach do). In towns, all water is emptied into the sewers, ann am bailtean, tha an t-uisge air fad a’ ruith a-steach do na sàibhearan-òtrachais
enable v tr 1 thoir comas do, vn toirt comais do. Language enables children to communicate, tha cànain a’ toirt comais do chloinn conaltradh a dhèanamh. To enable pupils to acquire oral fluency in Gaelic, gus comas a thoirt do chloinn comas labhairt a thogail anns a’ Ghàidhlig. Activities such as word-processing, data handling and simulations, enable them to communicate more effectively with others, bidh gnìomhan mar tha dealbh-sgrìobhadh. làimhseachadh fiosrachaidh agus cur an ìre a’ toirt comais dhaibh air conaltradh nas buadhmhoire a dhèanamh ri feadhainn eile. To enable pupils to achieve the targets, ann a bhith a’ toirt comais do sgoilearan na cuimsean a choileanadh
2 thoir cothrom do, vn toirt cothroim do. Occasional procedures which enable the teacher to take a closer look at progress and needs, iomairtean o àm gu àm a bheir cothrom don tidsear sùil nas gèire thoirt air adhartas agus air feuman Schools will aim to enable all pupils, bidh na sgoilean a’ cur romhpa cothrom a thoirt don chloinn air fad. To enable pupils to participate as fully as possible, gus a h-uile cothrom a thoirt do chloinn a bhith a’ gabhail pàirt. Care has been taken to acknowledge the processes which will enable that extension to take place, tha àite air a thoirt gu faiceallach do na ceumannan a bheir cothrom don leudachadh sin a bhith a’ tighinn gu buil
3 thoir gu buil, vn toirt gu buil. Co-operation between class teachers, learning support staff and specialist teachers will be essential to enable successful learning, bidh co-oibreachadh eadar tidsearan-clas, tidsearan-taice agus tidsearan speisealtach fìor èiseil gus ionnsachadh soirbheachail a thoirt gu buil
4 expressed with rach aig air. That children fluent in Gaelic are enabled to continue, gun tèid aig a’ chloinn a tha fileanta air cumail orra
5 expressed with thoir cothrom air … a chur air adhart, vn toirt cothroim air…. Using the computer will enable the following language activities, bheir cleachdadh a’ choimpiutair cothrom air na gnìomhan cànain seo a chur air adhart
6 not expressed directly. The skills necessary to enable them to use concept keyboards, na sgilean a dh’fheumas iad gus clàir-iuchrach bun-smuain a chleachdadh. They should be informed of the guidelines which will enable them to implement the policy statement, bu chòir dhaibh fiosrachadh fhaighinn mu iùl airson aithris a’ phoileasaidh a chur an gnìomh
enamel n cruan m, gen cruain
enclose v tr 1 iadh (mun cuairt), vn iadhadh m
2 crò, vn cròthadh m. The ground here has been enriched by enclosing animals within it at certain seasons, chaidh an talamh an seo a dhèanamh na bu thorraiche le bhith a’ cròthadh bheathaichean a-staigh ann aig amannan sònraichte
3 cuir an lùib, vn cur an lùib. I enclose a cheque with this letter, tha mi a’ cur thugaibh seic an lùib na litreach seo
enclosed a 1 expressed with (a tha) an lùib seo. The enclosed letter, an litir a tha an lùib seo
2 expressed with (a tha) leis an seo. By completing and returning the enclosed form, le bhith a’ lìonadh agus a’ tilleadh na bileig a tha leis an seo
enclosure n 1 àite-iadhaidh m, pl àitean-iadhaidh, àiteachan-iadhaidh. Instead of fencing large fields small enclosures were made, an àite raointean mòra a bhith air am feansadh chaidh àiteachan-iadhaidh beaga a dhèanamh. Stone heaps scattered within the enclosure suggest this had never been cultivated in a rig system, chithear sgapte air feadh an àite-iadhaidh seo cùirn de chalchan, agus bhuaidhe seo bidh e coltach nach deach àiteach fo shiostam nam feannagan
2 buaile f, pl buailtean
enclosure mod iadhaidh. Enclosure walls, gàrraidhean-iadhaidh. In some places a succession of enclosure walls can be seen, chithear ann an àiteachan gàrraidhean-iadhaidh de chaochladh aoisean ri taobh a chèile
encompass v tr 1 cuairtich, vn cuartachadh m. Poetry will encompass a wider range of styles, bidh bàrdachd a’ cuartachadh barrachd sheòrsachan stoidhle
2 iadh, vn iadhadh m
encounter v tr 1 coinnich ri, vn coinneachadh ri. Situations where the school provides the main context in which Gaelic is encountered, suidhichidhean anns a bheilear a’ coinneachadh ris a’ Ghàidhlig anns a’ mhòr earrainn san sgoil fhèin. Pupils will encounter a range of dialects and accents, bidh a’ chlann a’ coinneachadh ri caochladh sheòrsachan dualchainnt agus blas. Poem and dictionary will be among the range of texts pupils encounter, bidh dàn agus faclair am measg nan teacsaichean a bhitheas a’ chlann a’ coinneachadh riutha. Comma and apostrophe will be first encountered by pupils in their reading, bidh a’ chlann a’ coinneachadh ri cromag agus ri asgair an toiseach nan cuid leughaidh
2 fiosraich, vn fiosrachadh m. Ensure that pupils encounter a range of teaching styles, dèanamh cinnteach gum fiosraich a’ chlann caochladh dhòighean teagaisg
3 thig an rathad, vn tighinn an rathad. In the categorization of forms of talk they encounter, ann a bhith a’ seòrsadh dòighean labhairt a bhitheas a’ tighinn nan rathad
4 faigh, vn faighinn f. In communities where Gaelic is rarely encountered, ann an coimhearsnachdan far nach fhaighear a’ Ghàidhlig ach ainneamh
5 not directly expressed. The spread of ability likely to be encountered in any one class, gach caochladh comais a dh’fhaodas dùil a bhith ris ann an clas sam bith. For many pupils the experience of hearing stories read aloud will be encountered for the first time as part of the school’s early reading programme, ’s ann mar phàirt de thùs-phrògram leughaidh na sgoile a bhitheas an deagh chuid de phàistean a’ chiad uair nam beatha a’ cluinntinn stòiridhean air an leughadh a-mach
encountered a expressed with a bhithear a’ coinneachadh ri. The social and personal situations encountered in texts across the curriculum, na suidhichidhean sòisealta agus pearsanta a bhithear a’ coinneachadh riutha ann an teacsaichean feadh a’ chlàir-theagaisg
encourage v tr 1 (a) misnich, vn misneachadh m. They will encourage pupils to talk in Gaelic, misnichidh iad a’ chlann gu bhith a’ labhairt anns a’ Ghàidhlig. Pupils will be encouraged to sit comfortably, bi a’ chlann air am misneachadh gu suidhe gu cofhartail. They will be encouraged to ask questions, bithear gam misneachadh gus ceistean fhaighneachd. Children should be encouraged to develop a growing awareness of the language, bu chòir clann a mhisneachadh gus a bhith nas mothachaile agus nas mothachaile air a’ chànain. Pupils will be encouraged to set their understandings of texts against their own knowledge, misnichear a’ chlann gu bhith a’ co-chur an tuigse air na teacsaichean ris an eòlas aca fhèin. By making clearer their awareness of listeners’ needs, and by encouraging their response to these, le bhith a’ geurachadh am mothachaidh air feuman an luchd-èisteachd, agus le bhith gam misneachadh gu bhith a’ coinneachadh riutha sin. By encouraging the pupils to participate imaginatively, ma tha clann air am misneachadh gu bhith a’ gabhail pàirt tro mhac-mheanmna
(b) dèan misneachadh air, vn dèanamh misneachaidh air. Pupils could be encouraged to undertake different roles, dh’fhaoidte misneachadh a dhèanamh air a’ chloinn gus dleastanasan eadar-dhealaichte a ghabhail os làimh. The teacher can encourage them to recommend texts, faodaidh an tidsear misneachadh a dhèanamh orra gus teacsaichean a mholadh. Reading and writing skills should be encouraged, bu chòir misneachadh a dhèanamh air obair leughaidh agus sgrìobhaidh
(c) thoir misneach do, vn toirt misnich do. The teacher will encourage independence, bheir an tidsear dhaibh misneach gu bhith neo-eisimeileach
(d) passive expressed with faigh misneachadh, vn faighinn misneachaidh. They will be encouraged to draw analogies, gheibh iad am misneachadh gu bhith a’ samhlachadh
2 brosnaich, vn brosnachadh m. To encourage progress, gus adhartas a bhrosnachadh. Nevertheless, pupils should be encouraged to start actively using Gaelic as soon as possible, na dhèidh sin bu chòir clann a bhrosnachadh gu bhith a’ tòiseachadh air Gàidhlig a chleachdadh cho tràth ’s a ghabhas. The use of visual cues should be encouraged as a way of alleviating any difficulties, bu chòir comharraidhean faicsinneach a bhrosnachadh mar dhòigh air na duilgheadasan a lughdachadh
3 àraich, vn àrach m. To encourage confidence, gus misneach àrach. The recommended policy is to encourage close liaison with health visitors, ’s e am poileasaidh a thathar a’ moladh a bhith ag àrach dlùth cheangail ri luchd-tadhail slàinte. The more efficient use of water is encouraged by co-operation with manufacturers, thathar ag àrach a bhith a’ caitheamh uisge ann an dòigh nas èifeachdaiche tro cho-obrachadh le luchd nan gnìomhachasan-saothrachaidh
encouraging a brosnachail. Evaluative comments should be honest but encouraging, bu chòir beachdan measaidh a bhith onarach ach brosnachail
encouragement n 1 (a) misneachadh m, gen misneachaidh. Talk, with encouragement, about their own experiences, a’ labhairt le misneachadh mu na fiosraichidhean aca fhèin. It should feature a lot of encouragement and modelling of good practice, bu chòir mòran misneachaidh agus eisimpleirean de chleachdadh dòigheil a bhith mar phàirt dheth sin
(b) expressed with a bhith a’ misneachadh. It is also a matter of the gradual encouragement for the pupil to become an independent learner, tha e cuideachd a’ ciallachadh a bhith mean air mhean a’ misneachadh a’ phàiste gu bhith ag ionnsachadh air a cheann fhèin
2 brosnachadh m, gen brosnachaidh
encyclopaedia n 1 leabhar m mòr-eòlais. Short biographical items from an encyclopaedia, pìosan goirid de dh’eachdraidh beatha à leabhar mòr-eòlais
2 leabhar m ioma-eòlais, gen leabhair ioma-eòlais, pl leabhraichean ioma-eòlais
end n deireadh m, gen deiridh. Before the end of S2, ro dheireadh A2. By the end of this phase, ro dheireadh na h-ùine seo. The routine checking of spelling at the end of drafting, a bhith a’ cur dearbhaidh air litreachadh gu cunbhalach aig deireadh dreachdaidh. It is suggested that such a profile might be updated at the end of blocks of teaching. thathar a’ cur mun aire gum faodaiste cur ri a leithid seo de theisteanas aig deireadh earrainnean teagaisg. You are now at the end of the trail though there are many other features to be seen, tha thu a-nis aig deireadh na slighe ged a tha iomadh rud eile ri fhaicinn
by the end of prep phr 1 expressed with ron àm a dh’fhàgas. By the end of P7, ron àm a dh’fhàgas iad B7
2 expressed with ron àm a ruigeas … deireadh. By the end of P7, ron àm a ruigeas iad deireadh B7
3 mu dheireadh (plus gen). By the end of this two year phase, mu dheireadh na h-ùine seo, a mhaireas dà bhliadhna
since the end of prep phr 1 o dheireadh (plus gen). Since the end of the year, o dheireadh na bliadhna
2 expressed with bho stad v phr. Since the end of the IRA cease-fire, bho stad fois-fhòirneirt an IRA
end I v i 1 crìochnaich, vn crìochnachadh m. The week began dry but ended wet, thòisich an t-seachdain tioram ach chrìochnaich i fliuch. Where the strand ends after a few levels, far a bheil iall a’ crìochnachadh as dèidh beagan ìrean. Each line ends with stress on the final syllable, tha gach sreath a’ crìochnachadh le cudthrom air an lide dheireannach
2 thig gu ceann, vn tighinn gu ceann. I am writing to you to confirm that your post will end on 31 March, tha mi a’ sgrìobhadh thugad gus daingneachadh gun tig am dreuchd agad gu ceann air 31 Màrt
II end v tr 1 crìochnaich, vn crìochnachadh m
2 cuir ceann air, vn cur cinn air
ending n 1 deireadh m, gen deiridh. By looking at beginnings, middles and endings, le bhith a’ coimhead air toiseach, meadhan agus deireadh
2 crìochnachadh m, gen crìochnachaidh
endanger v tr cuir an cunnart, vn cur an cunnart
endangered a an cunnart. Endangered species, gnè an cunnart
endemic a dùthchasach
energetic a brìghmhor
energy n (science) 1 lùth m, gen lùtha. Chemical energy, lùth ceimigeach. Kinetic energy, lùth gluasaid. Mechanical energy, lùth meacanigeach, lùth innealach. Potential energy, lùth taisgte. Conservation of energy, caomhnadh lùtha. Energy efficient, lùth-èifeachdach. Energy source, bun lùtha. Energy transfer, aiseag lùtha
2 brìgh f
3 neart m
4 sgoinn f
engage v tr cuir an sàs, vn cur an sàs. Resources from the community should be engaged, tha còir goireasan às a’ choimhearsnachd a chur an sàs
engage in v phr 1 rach an sàs an, vn dol an sàs an. Pupils will engage in a programme, bidh a’ chlann a’ dol an sàs ann am prògram. For some schools this might compensate for the absence of opportunities to engage in social interaction, faodaidh sin do chuid a sgoiltean seasamh an àite cothroman nach eil aca gus a bhith a’ dol an sàs ann an co-luadar sòisealta. This enables pupils to engage in the processes of editing and publication, tha seo a’ toirt comais do chloinn a dhol an sàs ann an ceumannan eagrachaidh agus foillseachaidh
2 rach an greim, vn dol an greim. Drafting and re-drafting will describe the processes of writing in which pupils will regularly engage, bidh dreachdadh agus ath-dhreachdadh a’ dèanamh iomraidh air gnìomhan sgrìobhaidh anns am bi a’ chlann a’ dol an greim gu cunbhalach
3 gabh pàirt an, vn gabhail pàirt an. Pupils will engage in practical activities, bidh a’ chlann a’ gabhail pàirt ann an gnìomhan prataigeach
4 not directly expressed. Pupils will engage in simulations and roleplay, bidh a’ chlann a’ dol ann an riochd neach eile
engage with v phr 1 rach an sàs an, vn dol an sàs an. The main basis for engaging with society, a’ phrìomh stèidh gus a dhol an sàs ann an cùisean a’ mhòr-shluaigh
2 rach an greim, vn dol an greim. In order to engage with a wider range of texts and genres, gus a dhol an greim ann am barrachd sheòrsachan theacsaichean agus ghnè
engaged in a phr expressed with rach an greim, vn dol an greim. Pupils of all abilities become engaged in group discussion and planning, tha clann de gach comas a’ dol an greim ann am beachdachadh mar bhuidhnean agus ann am planadh
engagement n expressed with a bhith a’ gleachd. The possibilities for group discussion and the engagement with problems in work of this kind are inexhaustible, chan eil ceann no crìoch air a’ chothrom a tha ann an obair den t-seòrsa seo gu bhith a’ beachdachadh ann am buidhnean agus gu bhith a’ gleachd ri ceistean duilich
engine n beairt , gen beairte, pl beairtean
engineer n einnseanair m, pl einnseanairean
engineering n einnseanaireachd
England pr n Sasainn f, gen Shasainn. Gaelic was once the language of some of Northern England, b’ i a’ Ghàidhlig aig aon àm a’ chànain a bha aig cuid de mhuinntir cheann a-tuath Shasainn
English pr n (language) 1 Beurla f
2 a’ Bheurla f, gen na Beurla. Schools may report to parents through the medium of Gaelic or English, faodaidh sgoiltean iomradh a thoirt do phàrantan tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig no na Beurla
in English prep phr 1 ann am Beurla
2 expressed with Beurla. Teachers should use texts in English on Gaelic matters, bu chòir do thidsearan teacsaichean Beurla air cùisean na Gàidhlig a chleachdadh
English-speaking a expressed with a’ Bheurla pr n. Gaelic speaking children whose competence in the language may diminish in a predominantly English-speaking environment, clann aig a bheil a’ Ghàidhlig ach a dh’fhaodas an comas a dhol air ais ann an àrainneachd anns a bheil a’ Bheurla a’ toirt bàrr
enhance v tr 1 cuir am feobhas, vn cur am feobhas. To enhance their linguistic competence, gus an comas cànain a chur am feobhas. A natural way of enhancing awareness of personal and social issues and concerns, dòigh nàdarrach air a bhith a’ cur am feobhas mothachadh air cùisean agus cùraman pearsanta agus sòisealta
2 cuir ri, vn cur ri. Which will enhance skills in Gaelic, a chuireas ri sgilean anns a’ Ghàidhlig
3 dèan nas soilleire, vn dèanamh nas soilleire. Specialised materials such as a means of enhancing or enlarging ordinary print, stuthan sònraichte mar tha dòighean air clò nàdarrach a dhèanamh nas soilleire no nas motha
enhanced a 1 (a) expressed with barrachd f. An enhanced contribution to pupils’ social and intellectual growth, barrachd ga chur ri fàs sòisealta agus ceudfathach na cloinne
(b) expressed with a bharrachd de. This implies significantly enhanced support for Gaelic where it is the principal language, tha seo a’ ciallachadh rud gu sònraichte a bharrachd de thaic don Ghàidhlig ann an àiteachan far an i am prìomh chànan
2 expressed with nas motha. Enhanced difficulty in text and task, duilgheadas nas motha ann an teacsa ’s ann an gnìomh
enhancement n 1 feobhas m, gen feobhais. Non-verbal enhancement of talk should also be more evident, tha còir gum bitheadh feobhas labhairt às aonais fhaclan nas fhollaisiche cuideachd
2 leasachadh m, gen leasachaidh. Ancillary material and facilities aimed at enhancement and enrichment of the core Gaelic course, stuthan faice agus sochairean faice a tha a’ cuimseachadh air leasachadh air a’ bhun-chùrsa Ghàidhlig agus air a bhith a’ cur ris
enhancing n expressed with a bhith a’ cur am feobhas.
enjoy v tr 1 meal, vn mealtainn m. Have recently enjoyed a period of growth, air a bhith a’ mealtainn fàis o chionn ghoirid
2 (a) toilich, vn toileachadh m. Where could Mary go to enjoy herself when it was raining? càite an deigheadh Màiri airson i fhèin a thoileachadh nauir a bhitheadh an t-uisge ann?
(b) faigh toileachadh à, vn faighinn or faotainn toileachaidh à. To enjoy and respond to a variety of texts, gus toileachadh fhaighinn à caochladh sheòrsachan theacsaichean agus gus obair a dhèanamh fo am buaidh. Pupils should have the opportunity to participate in and enjoy the full range of experiences offered by Gaelic, bu chòir an cothrom a bhith aig cloinn a bhith a’ gabhail pàirt anns a h-uile aon fhiosrachadh a tha a’ Ghàidhlig a’ tairgse, agus a bhith a’ faotainn toileachaidh às a sin. Pupils are expected to enjoy and obtain enrichment from a text, thathar a’ sùileachadh gum bi a’ chlann a’ faotainn toileachaidh agus àrdachaidh à teacsa
3 (a) faigh tlachd à, vn faotainn tlachd à. Pupils will learn to enjoy books, bidh a’ chlann ag ionnsachadh tlachd fhaotainn à leabhraichean
(b) thoir tlachd à, vn toirt tlachd à. An opportunity to enjoy, learn and appreciate aspects of Gaelic music, poetry, song and story, cothrom air cùisean co-cheangailte ri ceòl agus bàrdachd agus òrain agus sgeulachdan a bhuineas don Ghàidhlig: gan ionnsachadh, a’ cur meas orra agus a’ toirt tlachd asta
(c) expressed with thoir tlachd do, vn toirt tlachd do. To share what they have enjoyed with others, a bhith a’ co-phàirteachadh ri càch na thug tlachd dhaibh fhèin
4 expressed with gabh cothrom air, vn gabhail cothroim air. Media texts are to be enjoyed for the pleasures they provide, tha còir cothrom a ghabhail air an toileachadh a gheibhear à teacsaichean-meadhain
5 expressed with bi plus an prep. At that time Scotland enjoyed a rather warm, humid climate, aig an àm ud clìomaid gu math blàth, tais ann an Alba
enjoyment n 1 toileachadh m, gen toileachaidh. Including concern for tolerance and enjoyment, a’ gabhail a-staigh a bhith a’ toirt àite do bheachdan chàich cho math ri toileachadh. Emphasis will be on enjoyment, is ann air toileachadh a bhitheas an cudthrom. Pupils will be given enjoyment, familiarity with structures, gheibh a’ chlann toileachadh, eòlas air structairean. Read for enjoyment simple stories, a’ leughadh airson toileachaidh stòiridhean a tha sìmplidh
2 toileachadh do fhèin. Pupils should be encouraged to read for enjoyment, is còir a’ chlann a mhisneachadh gu bhith a’ leughadh airson toileachaidh dhaibh fhèin
3 tlachd f. Which stimulates pupils’ imaginations and their interest in and enjoyment of language in all its aspects, a bheothaicheas mac-meanmna na cloinne agus an ùidh a tha aca anns gach raon de chànain agus an tlachd a gheibh iad asda seo. Pupils will identify factors in the text that contribute to enjoyment and enrichment, bidh a’ chlann a’ comharrachadh nithean anns an teacsa a tha a’ cur ri tlachd is toradh
4 expressed with faigh toileachadh às, vn faighinn toileachaidh às. The study of mass media enables pupils to increase their critical appreciation and enjoyment of the mass media, tha a bhith a’ beachdachadh air na mòr mheadhain a’ toirt comais do chloinn leudachadh air na dòighean anns an dèan iad measadh orra agus anns am faigh iad toileachadh asta
enlarge v 1 meudaich, vn meudachadh m
2 dèan nas motha, vn dèanamh nas motha. Specialised materials such as a means of enhancing or enlarging ordinary print, stuthan sònraichte mar tha dòighean air clò nàdarrach a dhèanamh nas soilleire no nas motha
enlarged a meudaichte. Within an enlarged range of topic areas, ann an sreath mheudaichte de raointean cuspaireach
enlarging a expressed with bi a’ meudachadh. Learning how to read and write requires the teaching of a gradually enlarging descriptive vocabulary, tha ionnsachadh sgrìobhaidh is leughaidh a’ cur feum air briathrachas a theagasg a tha a’ meudachadh mean air mhean
enlargement n meudachadh m, gen meudachaidh
enliven v tr beothaich, vn beothachadh m
enlivened a beothaichte
become enlivened v phr beothaich, vn beothachadh m
enough a
enough to adv phr expressed with cho … ’s gu. They must make the setting and expression eerie enough to make the readers’ spines creep, feumaidh iad an t-àite agus an dòigh-innse a dhèanamh cho uamhalta ’s gun cuir e gaoir ann am feòil an luchd-leughaidh
enquire v tr faighnich, vn faighneachd f
enquiry n 1 ceist f, pl ceistean. Enquiries should be made to…, bu chòir ceist sam bith a chur gu…. Phone this number for all customer enquiries, fòn an àireamh seo mar chustamair le ceist sam bith
2 rannsachadh m, gen rannsachaidh, pl rannsachaidhean. A public enquiry, rannsachadh poblach
enrich v tr (of soil) 1 mathaich, vn mathachadh m. The plants growing here are taking advantage of the soils enriched by previous settlers, tha na lusan a tha a’ fàs an seo a’ gabhail cothroim air ùir a chaidh a mhathachadh leis an luchd-tuineachaidh a bha ann roimhe
2 dèan nas torraiche, vn dèanamh nas torraiche. The ground here has been enriched by cultivation, chaidh an talamh an seo a dhèanamh na bu thorraiche le bhith ga àiteach
enrichment n 1 leudachadh m, gen leudachaidh. They advise 20% of class time for enrichment and pupil choice, tha iad a’ comhairleachadh 20% den ùine anns a’ chlas a thoirt do leudachadh foghlaim agus do roghainn na cloinne
2 àrdachadh m, gen àrdachaidh. Pupils are expected to enjoy and obtain enrichment from a text, thathar a’ sùileachadh gum bi a’ chlann a’ faotainn toileachaidh agus àrdachaidh à teacsa
3 toradh m, gen toraidh. Pupils will identify factors in the text that contribute to enjoyment and enrichment, bidh a’ chlann a’ comharrachadh nithean anns an teacsa a tha a’ cur ri tlachd is toradh
4 expressed with a bhith a’ cur ri. Ancillary material and facilities aimed at enhancement and enrichment of the core Gaelic course, stuthan faice agus sochairean faice a tha a’ cuimseachadh air leasachadh air a’ bhun-chùrsa Ghàidhlig agus air a bhith a’ cur ris
ensure v tr 1 (a) dèan cinnteach, vn dèanamh cinnteach. This process should help to ensure…, tha còir gun cuidicheadh seo gus dèanamh cinnteach…. While also ensuring, aig an aon àm feumaidh iad dèanamh cinnteach. While ensuring a context which supports confidence, feadh ’s gu bheilear a’ dèanamh cinnteach gu bheil suidheachadh ann a chuireas taice ri misneach. Achieving the targets in Gaelic will ensure that a pupil’s learning will be comprehensive and progressive, ’s ann le bhith a’ coileanadh nan cuimsean ann an Gàidhlig a nithear cinnteach gur ann ioma-chruthach agus adhartach a tha na bheil pàiste ag ionnsachadh
(b) dèan cinnteach à, vn dèanamh cinnteach à. We shall take all reasonable measures to ensure the safety and well-being of all members and leaders of the group, gabhaidh sinn gach ceum reusanta gus dèanamh cinnteach à sàbhailteachd is deagh chor buill is ceannardan na buidhne gu lèir
(c) expressed with dèan cinnteach a thoradh air, vn dèanamh cinnteach a thoradh air. The time, place and conduct of meetings will ensure that all families have an equal opportunity to be involved in the running of the pre-school, nithear cinnteach a thoradh air àm, àite agus dòigh-chumail nan coinneamhan gu bheil cothrom co-ionann aig a h-uile teaghlach gus a bhith an sàs ann an ruith na ro-sgoile
2 (a) bi cinnteach. Ensure that all pupils hear as much Gaelic as possible, a bhith cinnteach gu bheil a’ chlann a’ cluinntinn na ghabhas a bhith de Ghàidhlig
(b) expressed with cinnt f. An agreed policy statement helps ensure that everyone is clear about what they are trying to achieve, tha aithris poileasaidh aontaichte a’ cur ri cinnt gu bheil an ceann-uidhe air am bheil iad a’ feuchainn ri ruigheachd soilleir do gach neach
3 expressed with dèan, vn dèanamh. To ensure balance and progression, gus sin a dhèanamh cothromach agus adhartach. Ensure a structured development, leasachadh deasaichte a dhèanamh
4 daingnich, vn daingneachadh m. Particularly where those are necessary to ensure social competence, gu h-àraidh ma tha feum orra sin gus comas sòisealta a dhaingneachadh
5 expressed with dèan daingneachadh air, vn dèanamh daingneachaidh air. To ensure progression, balance and consistency of approach and content at different ages and stages, gus daingneachadh a dhèanamh air leantainneachd agus air co-ionnanachd a thaobh dhòighean teagaisg agus a thaobh na thathar a’ teagasg aig caochladh aoisean agus ìrean
6 expressed with dèan da-rìreabh, vn dèanamh da-rìreabh. To ensure balance and breadth, gus cùisean a dhèanamh da-rireabh cothromach agus farsaing
7 expressed with cùm, vn cumail. To ensure balance and progression, gus cùisean a chumail cothromach agus adhartach
8 thoir cothrom cinnteach do, vn toirt cothroim chinntich do. Ensure that pupils acquire knowledge about language, cothrom cinnteach a thoirt do chloinn eòlas fhaighinn air cànain
9 stèidhich gu cinnteach, vn stèidheachadh gu cinnteach. To ensure the very real progress that can be made within this one level, gus an t-adhartas — agus is fìor adhartas e — a ghabhas a dhèanamh aig an aon ìre seo a stèidheachadh gu cinnteach
enter v tr 1 (a) thig do, vn tighinn do. In the case of children entering school at P1 who are not Gaelic speakers, a thaobh clann aig nach eil Gàidhlig an uair a thig iad don sgoil an toiseach
(b) thig a-steach do, vn tighinn a-steach do. It cannot be assumed that children will have acquired the necessary skills by the time they enter P1, chan urrainn dhuinn a bhith cinnteach gum bi clann air na sgilean èiseil a thogail ron am a thig iad a-steach do B1
2 (a) rach a-steach, vn dol a-steach. After entering the gate walk diagonally uphill for 100 metres, an dèidh dhol a-steach an geata dìrich air fiaradh suas airson 100 meatair
(b) rach a-staigh an, vn dol a-staigh an, rach a-steach an, vn dol a-steach an. Pupils entering Gaelic medium classes, clann a tha a’ dol a-staigh ann an clasaichean tro Ghàidhlig
(c) rach a-steach airson plus gen, vn dol a-steach airson. Mary is entering the race, tha Màiri a’ dol a-steach airson na rèis
3 cuir a-steach, vn cur a-steach
entering a expressed with nuair a thig … do. In the case of children entering a Gaelic-medium school who are not fluent Gaelic speakers, a thaobh clann aig nach eil Gàidhlig fhileanta nuair a thig iad do sgoil mheadhan-Gàidhlig
enterprise n iomairt f, pl iomairtean. When their minds have been caught and turned towards a worthwhile enterprise, an uair a ghabhar greim air na h-inntinnean aca agus a stiùirear iad a dh’ionnsaigh iomairt as fhiach an t-saothair. Highlands and Islands Enterprise, Iomairt na Gàidhealtachd ’s nan Eilean
enterprise zone n ceàrnaidh m iomairt, pl ceàrnaidhean iomairt
entertain v tr
entertaining a spòrsail
entertainingly adv ann an dòigh spòrsail. Pupils can be entertainingly introduced to simple non-verbal skills, faodar a’ chlann cuideachd, ann an dòigh spòrsail, a chur an aithne sgilean sìmplidh nach eil a’ cur feum air faclan
entertainer n fèistear m, gen fèisteir, pl fèistearan
entertainment n fèisteas m, gen fèisteis
enthusiasm n dealas m, gen dealais. The teacher will stimulate excitement and enthusiasm for writing, togaidh an tidsear beothalachd agus dealas airson an sgrìobhaidh
entire a air fad. It permeates the entire curriculum, tha i a’ dol air feadh a’ chlàir-theagaisg air fad
entirely adv 1 gu tur. Others may have no immediate contact with Gaelic, their experience of the language coming perhaps entirely from the school’s curriculum, cuid eile, ’s dòcha, aig nach eil dlùth cheangal idir ris a’ Ghàidhlig agus a tha, math dh’fhaoidte, gu tur an urra ri clàr-teagaisg na sgoile airson na tha iad ag ionnsachadh den chànain
2 (a) buileach
(b) gu buileach
entirety n
in its entirety adv phr expressed with o thùs gu èis. This section should be read in its entirety, bu chòir an earrann seo a leughadh o thùs gu èis
entrance n 1 rathad-a-steach m, gen rathaid-a-steach, pl ròidean-a-steach. Where is the entrance to the supermarket? càite bheil an rathad-a-steach don t-supermarcait?
2 doras m, gen dorais, pl dorsan. The entrance to the store room, an doras chun an ruim stòraidh. The site of the entrance to the roundhouse is no longer clear, chan eil e a-nis soilleir far an robh an doras air an taigh-chruinn
3 cachaileith f, pl cachaileithean. Note the small pen built into the entrance on the east side as you leave the enclosure, thoir an aire don chrò bheag togte anns a’ chachaileith air an toabh an ear is tu a’ fàgail an àite-iadhaidh
entreat v tr aslaich, vn aslachadh m
entreaty n aslachadh m, gen aslachaidh, pl aslachaidhean
entry n 1 (in list etc) (a) cunntas m, gen cunntais, pl cunntasan. Diary entries, cunntasan leabhar-latha
(b) alt m, gen uilt, pl uilt, altan. The entries are arranged as follows, tha na h-altan air an rèiteachadh mar a leanas
2 cothrom m, gen cothroim. Possessing Gaelic gives an entry to different forms of employment, tha comas sa Ghàidhlig a’ toirt cothroim air obair de chaochladh sheòrsachan
“no entry” n phr 1 “na rachar a-steach”
2 “dol a-steach toirmeasgte”
entwine v tr suain timcheall air, vn suaineadh timcheall air
entwined a fillte
enumerate v tr 1 àireamh, vn àireamh f
2 àirmhich, àireamhaich, vn `aireamhachadh m
enumeration n 1 àireamh f, gen àireimh
2 àireamhachadh, gen àireamhachaidh
envelope n cèis f, gen cèise, pl cèisean. The postmark is stamped onto the envelope in the town where the letter is posted, thèid an comharradh-postachd a stampadh air a’ chèis anns a’ bhaile san tèid an litir a phostadh. A padded envelope, cèis phadaichte
environment n 1 àrainneachd f. Provide a language environment, àrainneachd-chànain a thairgse. The physical environment, an àrainneachd fhiosaigeach. Activities which relate to the pupil’s own life and environment, gnìomhan a bhuineas do chaitheamh beatha agus do dh’àrainneachd a’ phàiste. Gaelic speaking children whose competence in the language may diminish in a predominantly English-speaking environment, clann aig a bheil a’ Ghàidhlig ach a dh’fhaodas an comas a dhol air ais ann an àrainneachd anns a bheil a’ Bheurla a’ toirt bàrr
2 suidheachadh m, gen suidheachaidh, pl suidhichidhean. They are committed to assisting their groups provide a safe and healthy environment for children within their care, tha iad a’ cur romhpa gun cuidich iad am buidhnean gus suidheachadh sàbhailte agus fallain a chruthachadh do chloinn air an cùram
language environment n phr àrainneachd-cànain f. Pupils from a home or community background where Gaelic is a regular feature of their language environment, clann à dachaighean no à coimhearsnachdan anns a bheil a’ Ghàidhlig na pàirt cunbhalach den àrainneachd-chànain aca
environmental a 1 àrainneachail
2 na h-àrainneachd
environmental health n phr slàinte f àrainneachail. Department of Environmental Health, Roinn na Slàinte Àrainneachail
environmental studies n phr 1 foghlam m na h-àrainneachd. All the outcomes of environmental studies will be taught through Gaelic, is ann tro Ghàidhlig a bhithear a’ teagasg na tha a’ sruthadh à foghlam na h-àrainneachd
2 eòlas m na h-àrainneachd. In the context of other curriculum areas such as environmental studies, ann an suidhichidhean eile sa chlàr-theagaisg mar tha eòlas na h-àrainneachd
environmentally friendly a phr càirdeil a thaobh na h-àrainneachd
• math don àrainneachd
enzyme n beirmear m, gen beirmeir, pl beirmearan
epenthesis a eipinteatachd f
epenthetic a 1 eipinteatach. The phrase “ceanna maol” has in fact only two syllables, with an epenthetic vowel occuring between the noun and the adjective, ’s ann a tha dà lide a-mhain anns an abairt “ceanna maol”, leis an fhuaimreig eipinteataich eadar an t-ainmear is am buadhair
2 expressed with còmhnaidh. Epenthetic vowel, fuaimreag-chòmhnaidh
epic n (epic poem) 1 dàn eipiceil m, gen & pl dàin eipiceil
2 eipic f, pl eipicean
3 dàn-mòr m, gen dàin-mhòir, pl dàin-mhòra
epic a eipiceil
epicentre n teis-mheadhan m, gen teis-mheadhain, pl teis-mheadhanan
epidemic n galar m sgaoilte. The cholera epidemic at that time led to a Royal Commission, bha cholera aig an àm sin a’ bristeadh a-mach na ghalar sgaoilte, agus a thoradh air an seo chaidh Coimisean Rìoghail a chur air bhonn
epidermis n eipideirm f
epigram n eipeagram m, gen eipeagraim, pl eipeagraman
epigrammatic a eipeagramach
epilogue n crìoch-sgeòil f, gen crìche-sgeòil, pl crìochan-sgeòil
epiphyte n eipeifit f, pl eipeifitean
equal a 1 co-ionann or co-ionnan. Equal fraction, bloigh co-ionann. Equal parts, pàirtean co-ionann. Schools should aim to bring pupils to the stage of broadly equal competence, tha còir aig sgoiltean a bhith a’ cuimseachadh air a’ chlann a thoirt an ìre mhaith gu comas co-ionann. There will be a stage when the four outcomes will move into roughly equal weightings, bidh ìre ann nuair a bhitheas cudthrom an ìre mhaith co-ionann air na ceithir builean fa leth
2 expressed with co-ionannachd f. Equal opportunities policy, poileasaidh co-ionannachd chothroman. I understand that the group operates a policy on equal opportunities which I am in agreement with, tha mi a’ tuigsinn gu bheil a’ bhuidheann a’ cur an gnìomh poileasaidh air co-ionannachd chothroman ris a bheil mi a’ cur m’aonta
equally adv 1 (a) gu co-ionann
(b) expressed with le … co-ionann. Equally spaced, le beàrnan co-ionann
2 (a) a cheart cho. It is equally necessary to develop an awareness of the richness of the culture, tha e a-cheart cho riatanach mothachadh àrach air cho saidhbhir ’s a tha an dualchas
(b) expressed with tha e a-cheart cho fìor. Equally, the attainment targets are not intended to be ceilings, tha e a-cheart cho fìor nach eilear a’ ciallachadh gu bheil na cuimsean coileanaidh cho àrd
equal v tr 1 expressed with (’s e) sin
2 dèan, vn dèanamh
equality n co-ionnanachd f, or co-ionannachd f. Equality of opportunity, co-ionannachd chothroman. We are committed to assisting groups provide equality of opportunity for all children, tha sinn a’ toirt gealltanais gus cuideachadh le buidhnean gu bhith a’ toirt co-ionannachd chothroman do gach aon neach-cloinne
equator n crios-meadhain m, gen crios-mheadhain, pl criosan-meadhain. At that time Scotland was some 35ºS of the equator, aig an àm ud bha Alba mu 35ºD air a’ chrios-mheadhain
equatorial a 1 crios-meadhaineil
2 mun chrios-mheadhain
equilateral a ionann-thaobhach. Equilateral triangle, triantan ionann-thaobhach
equinox n equinox m
equip v tr uidheamaich, vn uidheamachadh m. Educators will require to equip Gaelic-speaking pupils with the skills necessary, bidh e mar uallach air luchd-oideachaidh clann aig a bheil Gàidhlig uidheamachadh leis na sgilean a dh’fheumas iad
equipped a 1 uidheamaichte. It is important that people are equipped for it, tha e cudthromach gum bi daoine uidheamaichte air a shon. A fully equipped first aid box should be readily available, is còir gum bi bocas ciad-fhuasglaidh làn uidheamaichte deiseil ri làimh
2 acfhainneach, comp acfhainniche
equipment n 1 (a) uidheam f, gen uidheim, pl uidheaman. Access to equipment such as radio and television sets, cothrom air uidheam mar tha rèidio is telebhisean. Audio recording and playback equipment, uidheam teip-èisteachd airson clàraidh agus cluiche. The recommendations in this report imply the following requirements regarding equipment, togar às na molaidhean anns an aithisg seo na feuman a leanas a thaobh uidheim
(b) uidheamachd f. There must be adequate maintenance of premises and equipment, feumaidh càradh an togalaich agus na h-uidheamachd a bhith aig ìre iomchaidh
2 acfhainn f, gen acfhainne
3 expressed with innealan-clàraidh. Audio visual equipment, innealan clàraidh cluais agus sùla
play equipment n phr stuth-cluiche m, gen stuth-chluiche. Activities and the use of play equipment offer children opportunities to develop in an environment free from prejudice and discrimination, tha gnìomhan-cluiche agus a bhith a’ cleachdadh stuth-chluiche a’ cur an tairgse cloinne chothroman air fàs ann an àrainneachd saor o chlaon-bhàidh agus o lethbhreith
equivalence n 1 co-ionannachd f. One might think that this equivalence in frequency could not occur by chance, shaoileadh neach nach bitheadh a’ cho-ionannachd seo ann an tricead a’ tachairt le tuiteamas
2 expressed with co-ionann a. Although set side by side, the two columns of guidance are not meant to demonstrate equivalences, ged a tha an dà cholbh de stiùireadh air an cur taobh ri taobh chan eil seo a’ ciallachadh gu bheil iad co-ionnan
equivalent a co-ionann. If there is stress on the first syllable of each line it is not equivalent in strength to the two stresses within the line, ma tha cudthrom air a’ chiad lide de gach sreath chan eil e co-ionann ann an treisead ris an dà chudthrom a tha ann am broinn an t-sreath
ergative a Ling eirgeadach. Ergative case, tuiseal eirgeadach
Eriskay pr n Èirisgeigh
erode v tr bleith, vn bleith f. This outcrop of rock is another example of a ridge of harder rock partially eroded by the glacier, tha an creagan seo na eisimpleir eile air druim de chreig as cruaidhe a chaidh pàirt dheth a bhleith leis an eigh-shruth
eroded a air a bhleith
2 expressed with passive of bleith plus air falbh. The rivers were draining a now long eroded mountain range to the west, bha na h-aibhnichean a’ drèanadh sreath de bheanntaichean gun iar, a chaidh a bhleith air falbh bho chionn fhada
erosion n 1 bleith f, gen bleithe. Soil erosion, bleith-ùire
2 bleith-thalmhainn f, gen bleithe-talmhainn
3 expressed with bleith v, vn bleith f. This area suffered extensive scouring from erosion by glaciers, fhuair an t-àite seo mòran sgùraidh bho bhith air a bhleith le eigh-shruthan
agent of erosion n phr 1 obraiche m bleithe-talmhainn, pl obraichean bleithe-talmhainn
2 bleitheadair m, pl bleitheadairean
erratic n (geology) clach f arraideach, gen cloiche arraidich, pl clachan arraideach; arraideach m, gen & pl arraidich. Glacial erratics, arraidich eigheadail
• clach f chonadail, gen cloiche conadail, pl clachan conadail. Glacial erratics, clachan conadail eigh-shruthach
• clach f sheachrain, gen cloiche seachrain, pl clachan seachrain. Glacial erratics, clachan seachrain eigh-shruthach
eruption n 1 spreadhadh m, gen spreadhaidh
2 brùchdadh m, gen brùchdaidh
error n mearachd f, pl mearachdan. After drafting, pupils can mark possible errors, an dèidh dha dreachdadh a dhèanamh faodaidh am pàiste comharraidhean a chur far am faodadh mearachdan a bhith
escape v i sàbhail, vn sàbhaladh m. Will the boy escape from the peril he is in? an sàbhail am balach bhon ghàbhadh anns a bheil e?
escarpment n 1 bearradh m, gen bearraidh, pl bearraidhean
2 slios m cas, gen sliosa chais, pl sliosan casa
3 eascarpa m, pl eascarpan
esker n eisgir f, gen eisgir, eisgreach, pl eisgirean, eisgrichean. Where rivers ran underneath the ice linear ridges of sand and gravel known as eskers were formed, far an robh aibhnichean a’ ruith fon eigh chaidh dromannan sreathach de ghainmheach is de ghrinneal a chruthachadh ris an canar eisgirean
• easgair f, pl easgairean
Eskimo pr n 1 Eisgimeach m, gen & pl Eisgimich
2 (language) Eisgimis f
esparto a easpartach. Esparto grass, feur easpartach
especially adv 1 gu sònraichte. Especially songs involving action and repetition, gu sònraichte òrain anns a bheil gnìomh agus atharrais
2 sònraichte. To give pupils an interest in the roots, derivations and make-up of words which are especially interesting, gus ùidh na cloinne a thogail ann am faclan a tha sònraichte inntinneach: na freumhaichean aca, co às a thàinig iad, agus mar a tha iad air an cur ri chèile
3 gu h-àraidh. Especially with desktop publishing, gu h-àraidh le foillseachadh mullach-deasca
Esperanto pr n (language) Esperanto m
essay n aiste f, pl aistidhean, aistean
essayist n aistear m, gen aisteir, pl aistearan
essence n 1 brìgh f. The essence of the matter, brìgh na cùise
2 bun-bhrìgh f
3 bun-stuth m, pl bun-stuthan
essential a 1 do-sheachnaichte or do-sheachainte. It will be essential that the pupil or pupils work with other classmates, bidh e do-sheachnaichte gum bi am pàiste no na pàistean ag obair còmhla ri càch anns a’ chlas. It has an essential role, tha àite do-sheachnaichte aice. Time for reading and discussion before writing are essential, tha ùine airson a bhith a’ leughadh agus a’ beachdachadh ro sgrìobhadh do-sheachnaichte. In coping with the future it is essential to have an understanding of the past, ann a bhith a’ gabhail ris na h-amannan a tha ri thighinn tha e do-sheachnaichte tuigse a bhith ann air an t-saoghal a bha ann
2 do-sheachnaichte riatanach. It is essential that the programs of study they follow, tha e do-sheachnaichte riatanach gum bi na clàran oideachaidh aca
3 expressed with gun seachnadh. When a consideration of visual elements is essential, agus gun seachnadh air a bhith a’ beachdachadh air nithean faicsinneach
4 èiseil. Sequencing of essential details, òrdachadh air na nithean èiseil. As they gain a set of essential but complex skills, fhad ’s a tha iad a’ togail cunntas sgilean a tha èiseil ach ioma-fhillte
5 èiseil dhuinn. Because writing is essential for communicating within society, a chionn ’s gu bheil sgrìobhadh èiseil dhuinn gus conaltradh a dhèanamh anns an t-saoghal mhòr
6 ro-èiseil. Teaching the strategies which will help them to make sense of aspects such as plot is essential, tha e ro-èiseil a bhith a’ teagasg nan sgilean a chuidicheas iad gu bhith a’ tuigsinn nithean mar a tha plota
7 fìor èiseil. Co-operation between class teachers, learning support staff and specialist teachers will be essential to enable successful learning, bidh co-oibreachadh eadar tidsearan-clas, tidsearan-taice agus tidsearan speisealtach fìor èiseil gus ionnsachadh soirbheachail a thoirt gu buil. This can create a sense of dramatic movement essential for writing stories, faodaidh seo mothachadh a chruthachadh air gluasad dramataigeach, rud a tha fìor èiseil airson sgeulachdan a sgrìobhadh
8 expressed with chan fhaodar air chor sam bith. It is essential that pupils are not put under stress, chan fhaodar air chor sam bith a’ chlann a chur fo throm uallach
9 expressed with feum v. It is essential that situations are designed by the teacher to motivate the pupils to contribute willingly, feumaidh an tidsear suidhichidhean a dhealbhachadh gus a’ chlann a ghluasad gu bhith a’ gabhail pàirt gu toileach. It is essential that libraries are well-stocked, feumaidh leabharlannan a bhith air an deagh uidheamachadh. The essential additional demand between Level E and Standard Grade is achieved by means of enhanced difficulty in text and task, ruigear air na dh’fheumar a choileanadh a bharrachd, eadar Ìre E agus an Ìre Choitcheann, le duilgheadas nas motha ann an teacsa ’s ann an gnìomh
10 expressed with feum v plus air a h-uile cor. It is essential to reduce recording to just what is needed and what is manageable, feumar air a h-uile cor clàradh a ghiorrachadh dìreach gu ìre na bheil riatanach agus na ghabhas a làimhseachadh
establish v tr 1 stèidhich, vn stèidheachadh m. The teacher will establish trust, bidh an tidsear a’ stèidheachadh earbsa. A framework is needed, clearly establishing the most important features of this curricular area, tha feum air beairt a stèidhicheas gu soilleir na nithean as cudthromaiche a tha a’ buntainn ris a’ chlàr-theagaisg seo. In order to establish relationships, gus co-luadar a stèidheachadh. After skills in talking and listening are well established, an uair a tha sgilean labhairt agus èisteachd air an làn stèidheachadh
2 suidhich, vn suidheachadh m. The curriculum must establish the setting for the growth of appreciation in these vital areas of the Gaelic experience, feumaidh an clàr-teagaisg na crìochan a shuidheachadh anns am bi tuigse a’ fàs air na raointean ro-chudthromach seo de dh’fhiosrachadh na Gàidhlig
3 bonntaich, vn bonntachadh. To establish relationships, gus dàimh a bhonntachadh
4 socraich, vn socrachadh m
estate n 1 oighreachd f, pl oighreachdan. The Gairloch estate, oighreachd Gheàrrloch
2 fearann m, gen & pl fearainn. Housing estates, fearainn thaigheadais
estate agent n phr ceannaiche-seilbh m, pl ceannaichean-seilbh
estimate n measrachadh m, gen measrachaidh, pl measrachaidhean. I got three estimates for building the house, fhuair mi trì measrachaidhean airson togail an taighe
estimate v tr 1 measraich, vn measrachadh m
2 (a) meas, vn meas m or measadh m
(b) dèan meas air, vn dèanamh meas air
3 thoir tuairmse air, vn toirt tuairmse air
4 cuir luach air, vn cur luach air
estuarine n. Estuarine waters, uisge anns na h-inbhirean
estuary n inbhir m, pl inbhirean
et cetera, etc., 1 agus mar sin
2 agus a leithid sin. Characters in stories, film etc., pearsachan ann an stòiridhean, film agus an leithid sin
eternal a bith-bhuan, comp bith-bhuaine
eternity n bith-bhuantachd f
ethics n beus-eòlas m, gen beus-eòlais
ethnic a eitniceach. We believe that no family should be excluded from the group’s activities on the grounds of disability, colour or ethnic origin, tha sinn a’ creidsinn nach bu chòir gum bitheadh teaghlach sam bith air an dùnadh a-mach bho ghnìomhan na buidhne mar thoradh air ciorram, dath no bunadh eitniceach
ethylene n eitilin m
etymological a freumh-fhaclach
etymological dictionary n phr 1 faclair m freumh-fhaclach, gen faclair fhreumh-fhaclaich, pl faclairean freumh-fhaclach
2 freumh-fhaclair m, pl freumh-fhaclairean
etmologically adv a thaobh freumh-fhaclachd
etymologise v tr & i freumh-fhaclaich, vn freumh-fhaclachadh m
etymologising n freumh-fhaclachadh m, gen freumh-fhaclachaidh
etymologist n freumh-fhaclaiche m, pl freumh-fhaclaichean
etymology n freumh-fhaclachd f
etymon n freumh-fhacal m, gen freumh-fhacail, pl freumh-fhaclan, freumh-fhacail
eulogy n 1 dàn-molaidh m, gen & pl dàin-mholaidh
2 aiste-mholaidh, pl aistidhean-molaidh
euphemism n caomh-ràdh m, pl caomh-ràdhan
euphuism n glòramas m, gen glòramais
Europe pr n an Roinn f Eòrpa, gen na Roinn Eòrpa
European a 1 na h-Eòrpa. One of a large number of minority European languages, aon de dh’àireamh mhòr mhion-chànanan na h-Eòrpa
2 Eòrpach. As well as another European language, a thuilleadh air cànain Eòrpaich eile. In a European context, ann an suidheachadh Eòrpach
European Commission, the pr n Coimisean m na h-Eòrpa, gen Coimisein na h-Eòrpa; an Coimisean m Eòrpach, gen a’ Choimisein Eòrpaich
European Union, the pr n an t-Aonadh m Eòrpach, gen an Aonaidh Eòrpaich
evaluate v i 1 breithnich, vn breithneachadh m. Evaluating, a’ breithneachadh
v tr 2 breithnich air, vn breithneachadh air. To help them evaluate and improve their performance, gus cuideachadh leotha ann a bhith a’ breithneachadh air na rinn iad fhèin agus a’ cur sin am feobhas. It is easy for them to evaluate and learn to value the contribution of others, tha e furasta dhaibh a bhith a’ breithneachadh air na tha càch a’ toirt seachad agus a bhith ag ionnsachadh luach a chur air. Techniques such as evaluating the text, dòighean obrach mar tha breithneachadh air an teacsa
3 tomhais, vn tomhas m. To plan, review and evaluate the design and teaching of Gaelic, gus dealbhadh agus teagasg na Gàidhlig ullachadh, a bhreithneachadh agus a thomhas. In evaluating these policies in relation to the attainment targets, ann a bhith a’ tomhas nam poileasaidhean sin an co-bhonn ris na cuimsean coileanaidh. Pupils are expected to evaluate the assumptions expressed in a text, thathar a’ sùileachadh gum bi a’ chlann a’ tomhas nan nithean a thathar a’ gabhail riutha ann an teacsa
4 luachaich, vn luachachadh m
5 thoir luachadh air, vn toirt f luachaidh air. The teacher will be able to review and evaluate the learning and teaching which is taking place, thèid aig an tidsear air sgrùdadh agus luachadh a thoirt air an ionnsachadh agus air an teagasg a tha a’ gabhail àite
6 meas, vn measadh m. To review and evaluate their own performance, gus a bhith a’ breithneachadh agus a’ measadh na h-obrach aca fhèin. Questioning should lead pupils to evaluate, infer and make judgements, tha còir aig ceasnachadh a’ chlann a stiùireadh gu bhith a’ measadh, a’ dèanamh fhoidheam agus a’ toirt breith
7 dèan meas air, vn dèanamh meas air. In order to evaluate their usefulness, gus meas a dhèanamh air dè cho feumail ’s a tha iad
8 cothromaich, vn cothromachadh m
9 thoir beachd air, vn toirt beachd air
evaluation n 1 measadh m, gen measaidh
2 luachadh m, gen luachaidh
3 expressed with breithnich, vn breithneachadh. Pupil self- and peer-evaluation will include consideration of the success with which information transfer took place, bidh a’ chlann a’ breithneachadh orra fhèin ’s air an co-aoisean agus a’ toirt fa-near dè cho math ’s a chaidh fiosrachadh a lìobhraigeadh. The teacher will encourage self- and peer-evaluation, bidh an tidsear a’ misneachadh na cloinne gu bhith gam breithneachadh fhèin agus an cuid cho-aoisean. Time for planning and evaluation of language policy, ùine airson poileasaidh cànain ullachadh agus a bhreithneachadh
4 expressed with lèir-mheasadh m, gen lèir-mheasaidh. pl lèir-mheasaidhean. In order to make critical evaluations of texts, gus lèir-mheasaidhean a dhèanamh air teacsaichean
evaluation mod breithneachaidh. Pupil progress in the teaching or the evaluation phases of the assessment cycle, adhartas na cloinne anns na fo-rèisean teagaisg no breithneachaidh sa chuairt mheasaidh
evaluative a 1 breithneachaidh. By providing questions which ask for literal, inferential and evaluative responses, le bhith a’ cur cheistean a tha a’ sùileachadh fhreagairtean litireil, co-dhùnaidh agus breithneachaidh
2 measaidh. Evaluative comments should be honest but encouraging, bu chòir beachdan measaidh a bhith onarach ach brosnachail
evaporate v tr & i deataich, vn deatachadh m
evaporation n deatachadh m, gen deatachaidh
even a 1 rèidh
2 cothromach, comp cothromaich. Even population distribution, sgaoileadh-sluaigh cothromach
3 cothrom. Even number, àireamh chothrom
even adv 1 fiùs. Even at Level A, fiùs aig Ìre A. Should be attainable by some pupils in P3 or even earlier, so-ruighinn le cuid ann am B3 no fiùs roimhe sin. Pupils should be encouraged to speak in Gaelic even if they do so in a combination of Gaelic and English, bu chòir a’ chlann a mhisneachadh gus a bhith a’ bruidhinn anns a’ Ghàidhlig fiùs ged a b’ ann an cothlamadh de Ghàidhlig ’s de Bheurla
2 (a) eadhan. Some may have started to recognise single words and even letters, bidh cuid, ’s dòcha, a bhitheas air tòiseachadh air faclan fa leth aithneachadh, agus eadhan litrichean
(b) expressed with eadhan … fhèin. Even this brief list demonstrates the range and variety of activities possible within the study of mass media, tha eadhan an liosta goirid seo fhèin a’ nochdadh na bheil ann de chaochladh sheòrsachan obrach a dh’fhaodar a ghabhail os làimh ann a bhith a’ beachdachadh air na mòrmheadhain
evening n feasgar m, gen feasgair, pl feasgaran
in the evening, in the evenings prep phr feasgar. What did you do in the evenings? dè a rinn sibh feasgar?
evening mod feasgair. Evening star, reul-fheasgair
event n 1 (a) tachartas m, gen tachartais, pl tachartasan. Offering a personal response to the events, a’ gabhail gu pearsanta ris na tachartasan. To communicate key events, facts or ideas, gus prìomh thachartasan no fhiosrachadh no smuaintean a chur an cèill. In notices, concerts and multicultural events, ann an sanasan, ann an consartan agus ann an tachartasan ioma-chultarail. From writing about events drawn from their day-to-day lives, o bhith a’ sgrìobhadh mu thachartasan a tha iad a’ toirt às am beatha làitheil fhèin. They can so easily be related to the writer’s purpose: to describe a sequence of events, tha e cho furasta an cur ann an dàimh ris an adhbhar-sgrìobhaidh: gus cunntas a thoirt air sreath thachartasan
(b) expressed with na thachair. In talking offer a personal response to the events, a’ freagairt ann an cainnt gu pearsanta fa chomhair na thachair
(c) nì m a thachair etc, pl nithean a thachair. Appropriate forms might include letters or reports of events, dh’fhaodadh litrichean no iomraidhean air nithean a thachair a bhith am measg nan seòrsachan iomchaidh. An animal may become a focus for imagined events, faodaidh ainmhidh a thighinn gu bhith ann an teis mheadhan nithean a tha a’ tachairt anns a. mhac-mheanmna. Pupils will be able to understand information about past events, thèid aig a’ chloinn air fiosrachadh mu nithean a tha air tachairt cheana a thuigsinn
2 nì m a tha a’ dol, pl nithean a tha a’ dol. Most pupils will respond readily to events at home and in school, gabhaidh a’ chuid mhòr de chloinn gu deònach ri nithean a tha a’ dol anns an dachaigh agus anns an sgoil
3 cùis f, pl cùisean. In everyday events, ann an cùisean làitheil
4 suidheachadh m, gen suidheachaidh, pl suidheachaidhean. Procedures must be in place to cover the event of illness or an accident, feumaidh dòighean-obrach a bhith stèidhichte a choinnicheas ri suidheachadh tinneis no tubaist
in the event of prep phr expressed with ma bhitheas … ann. I give permission for my child to be treated in the event of a medical emergency, tha mi a’ toirt cead gum faigh an neach-cloinne agam gabhail aice/aige ma bhitheas suidheachadh-èiginn meidigeach ann
eventual a expressed with air a’ cheann thall. The eventual outcome will be, ’s e bhuil a bhitheas air seo air a’ cheann thall
eventually adv air a’ cheann thall
evergreen n sìor-ghorm. Evergreen forests, coilltean sìor-ghorm
ever adv 1 (of present time) uair sam bith. Does he ever come to see you? an tig e a choimhead ort uair sam bith?
2 (of future time) (a) a-chaoidh. I don’t know if he will ever come again, chan eil fhios agam an tig e a-chaoidh tuilleadh
(b) am-feast
3 (of past time) a-riamh. Did he ever come? an tàinig e riamh?
for ever adv phr gu bràth
everlasting a bith-bhuan, comp bith-bhuaine
every a a h-uile. The pre-school is open to every family in the community, tha an ro-sgoil fosgailte don h-uile teaghlach anns a’ choimhearsnachd
everybody pron, see everyone pron
every-day a 1 làitheil. Pupils will be able to understand some everyday courtesy phrases, thèid aig a’ chloinn air na h-uiread de dh’abairtean-modh làitheil a thuigsinn. In everyday events, ann an cùisean làitheil. Newspapers should be everyday features of the work of the classroom. bu chòir do phàipearan-naidheachd a bhith mar phàirt de dh’obair làitheil an ruim-theagaisg
2 expressed with gu làitheil. Reading aloud should be an every-day class activity, tha còir aig leughadh a-mach a bhith a’ dol gu làitheil anns a’ chlas
3 cumanta. Pupils will use everyday expressions and words for common objects, bidh a’ chlann a’ cleachdadh ràdhan cumanta agus fhaclan airson nithean cumanta
4 cumanta làitheil. Pupils will understand everyday expressions, bidh a’ chlann a’ tuigsinn ràdhan cumanta làitheil
everyone pron gach neach. An agreed policy statement helps ensure that everyone is clear about what they are trying to achieve, tha aithris poileasaidh aontaichte a’ cur ri cinnt gu bheil an ceann-uidhe air am bheil iad a’ feuchainn ri ruigheachd soilleir do gach neach
everywhere adv ge b’e air bith càit a bheil iad. There are certain features common to Gaelic medium schools everywhere, tha nithean ann a bhuineas do na sgoiltean Gàidhlig uile ge b’e air bith càit a bheil iad
evidence n 1 dearbhadh m, gen dearbhaidh. Supported by some relevant evidence, le taice o na h-uiread de dhearbhadh iomchaidh. A basic thesis may be supported by evidence and facts, faodar argamaid bhonntachail a chur an cèill le taice bho dhearbhadh agus bho fhiosrachadh. There may also be times when the teacher will wish to review the evidence of a pupil’s progress, faodaidh gum bi amannan ann cuideachd an uair a bhitheas an tidsear ag iarraidh ath-bhreithneachadh a dhèanamh air an dearbhadh a tha ann air adhartas pàiste. Pupils should look for evidence in the text of the purposes for which it was made, bu chòir do chloinn coimhead airson dearbhaidh anns an teacsa air na h-adhbharan airson an deach a dhèanamh. By asking for too much evidence of it in a component like writing, le bhith a’ sùileachadh cus dearbhaidh air ann an earrainn-obrach mar a tha sgrìobhadh. Fact and opinion are used to discuss the weighing of evidence, bithear a’ cleachdadh fìrinn agus beachd gus beachdachadh air tomhas dearbhaidh
2 comharradh m, gen comharraidh, pl comharraidhean. These walls are the only evidence for the fields that will have gone with the settlement, ’s iad na gàrraidhean seo an t-aon chomharradh a gheibhear air na raointean a bhitheadh a’ dol an lùib an àite-thuineachaidh seo
3 fianais f, gen fianaise. This agrees very well with the evidence of line 471, tha seo ag aontachadh glè mhath le fianais sreath 471. All this is merely conjecture, in the absence of evidence, chan eil ann a sin uile ach tuairmeas, ann an uireasbhaidh fhianaise. Medical evidence, fianais mheidigeach. His wife decided not to give evidence against him, cho-dhùin a bhean gun fianais a thoirt na aghaidh
4 expressed with faic v, vn faicinn f. There is evidence here of dumps of sand, gravel, stones and boulders that date from the last glaciation, chìthear an seo dùin de ghainmhich, de ghrinneal, de chlachan agus de dh’ulbhagan a chaidh fhàgail aig àm an eigheachaidh mu dheireadh
for evidence of prep phr expressed with mar dhearbhadh air. They may analyse reading strategies for evidence of skill or difficulties, faodaidh iad innleachdan leughaidh a gheur-sgrùdadh mar dhearbhadh air sgil no duilgheadasan
evident a follaiseach, comp follaisiche. Teacher support will be less evident, cha bhi taice tidseir cho follaiseach. Non-verbal enhancement of talk should also be more evident, tha còir gum bitheadh feobhas labhairt às aonais fhaclan nas fhollaisiche cuideachd
The taste is most evident in hot drink, ’s ann an deochan teth as motha a gheibhear am blas
evolution n gnè-fhàs m, gen gnè-fhàis
evolve v i gnè-fhàs, vn gnè-fhàs
ewe n caora f, gen caorach, pl caoraich, caoirich, gen pl caorach. A Cheviot ewe, caora mhaol. A blackface ewe, caora dhubh-cheannach
exact a mionaideach
exalt v tr àrdaich, vn àrdachadh m
examination n deuchainn f, pl deuchainnean
examine v 1 (a) sgrùd, vn sgrùdadh m. The mass-media contain materials ideal for language teaching, and should be examined in their own right, tha stuthan anns na mòr mheadhain a tha buileach freagarrach airson teagasg cànain, agus tha còir an sgrùdadh air an sgàth fhèin. Examining the variety of openings to such texts is particularly valuable, tha e buileach feumail a bhith a’ sgrùdadh gach iomadh seòrsa dhòighean anns a bheil an leithid seo de theacsaichean a’ tòiseachadh
(b) dèan sgrùdadh air, vn dèanamh sgrùdaidh air. To examine their experiences. sgrùdadh a dhèanamh air na tha iad a’ fiosrachadh. Examine the form of the story, dèan sgrùdadh air cumadh na sgeulachd
2 (a) beachdaich air, vn beachdachadh air. Rather, it is the business of media education to examine how Gaelic culture should address the challenges of a changing world ’s e a tha fa-near do dh’oideachadh mu na meadhain, beachdachadh air mar as còir do dhualchas na Gàidhlig aghaidh a chur air gach dùbhlan a tha saoghal caochlaideach a’ cur air. Layout will be used in examining how the presentation of text can influence meaning, cleachdar dreach ann am beachdachadh air a’ bhuaidh a bhitheas aig mar a chuirear teacsa an cèill air brìgh
(b) gabh beachd air, vn gabhail beachd air. Following this trail will help you examine other areas too, le bhith a’ leantainn na slighe seo cuidichidh i thu gu bhith a’ gabhail beachd air àiteachan eile cuideachd
3 rannsaich, vn rannsachadh m. By examining situations in mime, movement and performance, ann a bhith a’ rannsachadh shuidhichidhean ann am mìm, ann an gluasad agus ann an gabhail pàirt
4 thoir sùil air, vn toirt sùla air. The level of social benefits must be examined, feumar sùil a thoirt air ìre nan sochairean sòisealta
examiner n sgrùdaiche m, pl sgrùdaichean
example n 1 eisimpleir m, pl eisimpleirean. Examples of the same types of texts, eisimpleirean den aon ghnè theacsaichean. The table opposite shows a few examples of the activities appropriate to the Immersion phase, anns a’ chlàr a leanas chithear beagan eisimpleirean de na gnìomhan a tha a’ freagairt air an ùine dhrùdhaidh
2 expressed with mar eisimpleir. Examples might be short written responses, mar eisimpleir, dh’fhaodadh freagairtean sgrìobhte goirid a bhith ann
for example prep phr 1 mar eisimpleir. For example, use of more than one character, mar eisimpleir, còrr is aon phearsa ga chleachdadh
2 expressed with can. Models of correct practice, for example on posters, faodaidh eisimpleirean de dh’obair cheart, can air sanasairean
excavate v tr 1 cladhaich, vn cladhach m
2 (archaeology) cladhaich, vn cladhach, plus gu h-arc-eòlasach. These buildings have not been excavated, cha deach na togalaichean seo a chladhach gu h-arc-eòlasach
exceeding a 1 anabarrach
2 ana-mhòr
exceedingly adv gu h-anabarrach. Exceedingly good, anabarrach math
excell v tr
excelling a barraichte
excellence n feobhas m, gen feobhais
excellent a barrail, comp barrala
except prep ach a-mhàin
exception n fàgail f a-mach
exceptional a neo-chumanta. Others may show exceptional ability in only one or two strands, bidh cuid eile, dh’fhaoidte, nach eil a’ nochdadh comas neo-chumanta ach ann an aon no ann an dà èill
excess n anabarr m, gen anabarra, or anbharr m, gen anbharra
excessive a 1 anabarrach
2 ana-mhòr
excessively adv gu h-anabarrach
exchange n iomlaid f. The exchange of feelings and information, iomlaid air faireachdainnean agus fiosrachadh
exchange v tr 1 iomlaid, vn iomlaid f
2 thoir seachad plus cach a chèile. Exchange personal information about self and others, a’ toirt seachad fiosrachadh pearsanta mu cach a chèile
excite v tr gluais, vn gluasad m
exciting a 1 beothachail. Through Drama, stimulating and exciting activities can be created to exercise the imagination, tro Dhràma faodar gnìomhan togarrach agus beothachail a chur air chois gus am mac-meanmna a ghluasad
2 expressed with gluais v. The most exciting part was…, ’s e am pàirt a bu mhotha a ghluais mi…
excited a 1 am boil
2 expressed with ruic f. The children are excited, tha ruic air a’ chloinn, or tha a’ chlann le ruic. He gets terribly excited, tha e uamhasach do ruic
3 (on edge) giorragach. I was very excited watching it, bha mi fìor ghiorragach ga choimhead
excitement n beothalachd f. The teacher will stimulate excitement and enthusiasm for writing, togaidh an tidsear beothalachd agus dealas airson an sgrìobhaidh
exclamation n clisgreadh m, gen clisgridh
exclamation mark n phr 1 clisg-phuing f, pl clisg-phuingean
2 comharradh-clisge m, gen comharraidh-chlisge, pl comharraidhean-clisge. Speech marks and exclamation marks are further descriptions of punctuation, tha comharraidhean-labhairt agus comharraidhean-clisge a’ dèanamh an tuilleadh iomraidh air pungadh
exclamatory a clisgreach
exclude v tr dùin a-mach, vn dùnadh a-mach. We believe that no family should be excluded from the group’s activities on the grounds of disability, tha sinn a’ creidsinn nach bu chòir gum bitheadh teaghlach sam bith air an dùnadh a-mach bho ghnìomhan na buidhne mar thoradh air ciorram
excursion n 1 cuairt f, pl cuairtean
2 sgrìob m & f, pl sgrìoban
3 expressed with a bhith a’ dol. Visits from companies or excursions to the theatre are obvious ways of involving pupils with drama, dòighean follaiseach gus clann a chur an lùib dràma ’s e companaidhean a bhith a’ tadhal, no a’ chlann fhèin a bhith a’ dol don taigh-chluiche
excuse n leisgeul m, gen leisgeil, pl leusgeulan
executive n gnìomhaiche m, pl gnìomhaichean. Chief executive, Prìomh Ghnìomhaiche
exemplar n 1 eisimpleir m, pl eisimpleirean. Time for reading and discussion before writing are essential, as are good exemplars, tha ùine airson a bhith a’ leughadh agus a’ beachdachadh ro sgrìobhadh do-sheachnaichte, maille ri deagh eisimpleirean
2 roi-shamhla m, pl roi-shamhlaidhean. It is an extraordinary thing that the exemplar should have been so closely followed, is rud iongantach e gun rachadh an roi-shamhla leantainn cho dlùth
exemplar mod expressed with mar eisimpleir. Contexts could derive from the following exemplar topics, dh’fhaodaiste suidhichidhean a thoirt o na cuspairean a leanas, mar eisimpleir
exemplify v tr 1 expressed with bi plus eisimpleir ri a faotainn. The teaching of Gaelic should exemplify the following key features, tha còir eisimpleirean de na prìomh chùisean a leanas a bhith ri am faotainn ann an teagasg na Gàidhlig
2 expressed with le eisimpleirean. The teacher will make explicit and exemplify the process of message-giving, bidh an tidsear a’ mìneachadh gu soilleir le eisimpleirean dè as ciall do bhith a’ toirt teachdaireachd
exemplified a expressed with mar eisimpleir. Exemplified by increased interest in literature, mar eisimpleir air a seo tha barrachd ùidh ga gabhail ann an litreachas
as exemplified conj phr expressed with agus a gheibhear, mar eisimpleir. The aesthetic effects which language can create, as exemplified in literature, na buaidhean ealdhain as urrainn do chànain a thoirt am bith agus a gheibhear, mar eisimpleir, ann an litreachas
exercise n 1 eacarsaich f
2 obair f fhoirmeil. Each of the outcomes being visited in turn to provide exercises and routines, a’ tadhal air gach buil, tè mu seach, gus obair fhoirmeil a dhèanamh orra
exercise mod obrach. Exercise book, leabhar-obrach
exercise v tr 1 gluais, vn gluasad m. Through Drama, stimulating and exciting activities can be created to exercise the imagination, tro Dhràma faodar gnìomhan togarrach agus beothachail a chur air chois gus am mac-meanmna a ghluasad
2 expressed with le. Parents are exercising choice in support of current initiatives, tha pàrantan a’ cur taice, le roghainn, ris na h-iomairtean a tha a’ dol
v i 3 dèan eacarsaich, vn dèanamh eacarsaich
exert v tr
exert an influence v phr expressed with bi plus buaidh aig. From the earliest years the mass media exert an influence on pupils’ lives, o thùs an òige tha buaidh aig na mòr mheadhain air beatha chloinne
exfoliate v i sgrath, vn sgrathadh m
exfoliation n sgrathadh m, gen sgrathaidh
• sgrathadh-creige m, gen sgrathaidh-chreige
exhaust n
exhaust gas n phr gas f traoghaidh, gen gaise traoghaidh, pl gasan traoghaidh
exhaust pipe n phr pìob f thraoghaidh, pl pìoban traoghaidh
exist v i 1 expressed with bi plus ann. God exists, tha Dia ann. A number of local and national production programmes exist, tha grunnan ann de phrògraman deasachaidh ionadail agus nàiseanta
2 not directly expressed. This recognises that language exists both as a discrete area and as a permeating element across the curriculum, tha seo a’ gabhail ris gu bheil àite sònraichte aig cànain an dà chuid dhi fhèin agus mar nì a tha a’ dol air feadh a’ chlàir-theagaisg gu lèir
existing a 1 expressed by a tha ann (a-)cheana. A careful audit of existing programmes, tomhas faiceallach air prògraman a tha ann cheana. The teacher will not be abandoning existing plans and practice, cha bhi an tidsear a’ leigeil nam planaichean a tha ann a-cheana an dàrna taobh. Teachers can use existing expertise and networks, faodaidh tidsearan feum a dhèanamh de dh’eòlas agus de dh’obraichean-lìn a tha ann cheana
2 (a) expressed with a tha a’ dol cheana. Based on existing good practice, air a stèidheachadh air obair mhaith a tha a’ dol cheana
(b) expressed with a tha a’ dol an ceartuair. While there is unlikely to be a radical departure from existing practice, ged nach eil dùil gum bi na dòighean-obrach a tha a’ dol an ceartuair gan atharrachadh gu tur
3 (a) expressed with a tha aig plus cheana. To review and develop existing assessment policies, gus na poileasaidhean measaidh a tha aca cheana ath-bhreithneachadh agus a thoirt air adhart. To reinforce the existing skills of Gaelic speaking children, neartachadh a dhèanamh air sgilean a tha a-cheana aig clann aig a bheil a’ Ghàidhlig. An increasing range of texts which will require them to use and develop this existing body of knowledge, barrachd sheòrsachan theacsaichean a bheir orra an t-eòlas seo a tha aca a-cheana a chleachdadh agus a thoirt air adhart
(b) expressed with a tha aig plus an-dràsta. These new channels will be received through the presently existing transmitters, gheibhear na sianalan ùra seo tro na croinn-sgaoilidh a tha againn an-dràsta
4 expressed with an sàs mar-thà. The policy statement should be brought to the attention of all existing and new staff, bu chòir aithris a’ phoileasaidh a thoirt gu aire luchd-obrach uile, biodh iad an sàs mar-thà no ùr
existence n bith f, gen bithe, pl bithean
in existence prep phr ann. Probably there is only one version of this song in existence, is coltach nach eil ach an aon innse air an òran seo ann
existential a bitheil
exit n rathad-a-mach m, gen rathaid-a-mach, pl ròidean-a-mach. Where is the exit from the supermarket? càite bheil an rathad-a-mach on t-supermarcait?
exorbitant a mì-choltach
expand v tr & i 1 (science) ataich, vn atachadh
2 expressed with leudaich air, vn leudachadh air. The range of texts being watched needs to expand further, tha e riatanach a bhith a’ leudachadh air na teacsaichean a thathar a’ faicinn
expanded a 1 farsaing. Media education empowers pupils to make their own choices within an expanded framework of reference and understanding, tha oideachadh mu na meadhain a’ toirt cothroim do chloinn an cuid roghainn fhèin a dhèanamh taobh a-staigh crìochan farsaing eòlais agus tuigse
2 expressed with leudachadh m. And by expanded provision for broadcasting, agus tha leudachadh air a thighinn air craoladh. Developing them in expanded text, gan toirt air adhart le leudachadh air teacsa
expanding a 1 expressed with agus a’ sìor dhol am meud. An opportunity to benefit from the expanding range of Gaelic related jobs, cothrom fhaighinn air na tha ann de dh’obraichean co-cheangailte ris a’ Ghàidhlig agus iad a’ sìor dhol am meud
2 expressed with a tha a’ sìor leudachadh. Such study might also form a basis for employment in the expanding range of media industries. Dh’fhaodadh a leithid seo de bheachdachadh a bhith na bunait airson dreuchd a ghabhail ann an gnìomhachais nam meadhan, a tha a’ sìor leudachadh
expansible a so-ataichte
expansion n 1 (science) atachadh m, gen atachaidh. Expansion and contraction as part of weathering, atachadh agus lùghdachadh mar phàirt de shìde-chaitheamh
2 expressed with leudaich v, vn leudachadh. Gaining a command of Gaelic is a process involving the gradual acquisition and expansion of knowledge, skills and understanding, gus a’ Ghàidhlig ionnsachadh feumar eòlas, sgilean agus tuigse a thogail agus a leudachadh mean air mhean
expect v tr 1 sùilich, vn sùileachadh m. They are not admitting this to the degree you would expect, chan eil iad a’ leigeil seo orra chon na h-ìre a shùilicheadh tu. The policy should recognise that skills acquired in Gaelic may be expected to transfer readily to English, am poileasaidh ag aideachadh cuideachd gum faodar a bhith a’ sùileachadh gun gabh na sgilean a thogar sa Ghàidhlig an steidheachadh gu furasta anns a’ Bheurla. In story, pupils should be led to expect that parts of it will be devoted to setting, anns an stòiridh, bu chòir a’ chlann a threòrachadh gu bhith a’ sùileachadh gum bi cuid dhith air a toirt do stèidheachadh. Pupils are expected to grasp ideas in a text, thathar a’ sùileachadh gum bi a’ chlann a’ tuigsinn bhun-smuaintean ann an teacsa. Pupils should be expected to listen in order to select texts, bu chòir a bhith a’ sùileachadh gum bi a’ chlann ag èisteachd gus teacsaichean a thaghadh
2 sùilich air, vn sùileachadh air They will be expected to digest information, bithear a’ sùileachadh orra gun gabh iad fiosrachadh a-staigh. Beginners might be expected to understand a range of simple courtesy formulas, dh’fhaodaiste a bhith a’ sùileachadh air luchd-tòiseachaidh gun tuig iad sreath de dh’abairtean-modha sìmplidh
3 bi plus dùil aig. They should expect the poem to develop through its verses, bu chòir dùil a bhith aca gum bi an dàn a’ fàs o rann gu rann
be expecting (a child) v phr expressed with bi plus dùil aig ri neach-cloinne. She’s expecting a child, tha dùil aice ri neach-cloinne. She’s expecting a baby, tha dùil aice ri leanabh. She’s expecting, tha dùil aice ri neach beag
expectancy n expressed with an dùil ri (rudeigin); dùil (aig neach) ri (rudeigin). One’s life expectancy, an aois ris am bitheadh neach an dùil. They have differing life expectancies, tha dùil aca ri diofar aoisean a ruighinn
expectant a
expectant mother n phr boireannach m aig a bheil dùil ri neach-cloinne, pl boireannaich aig a bheil dùil ri neach-cloinne. Expectant mothers ought to avoid this, bu chòir do bhoireannaich aig a bheil dùil ri neach-cloinne seo a sheachnadh. She’s an expectant mother, tha dùil aice ri neach-cloinne
expectation n 1 expressed with sùilich, vn sùileachadh m. Higher expectations of response, barrachd ga shùileachadh anns na freagairtean
2 expressed with na tha … a’ sùileachadh. The teacher should question the pupils about their expectations, tha còir aig an tidsear ceistean a chur air a’ chloinn mu na tha iad a’ sùileachadh. Higher expectations of response are expressed in the more detailed guidance which follows, tha iomradh air na thathar a’ sùileachadh a bharrachd ann am freagairtean anns an stiùireadh nas mionaidiche a leanas. Pupils will talk for more varied and demanding purposes, with due attention to the expectations of the audience, bidh a’ chlann a’ labhairt airson barrachd sheòrsachan adhbhar, agus airson adhbhar nas duilghe, agus an aire a bhith mar as iomchaidh air na tha an luchd-amais a’ sùileachadh
3 expressed with na tha … a’ sùileachadh bho. They allow the teacher to share with pupils expectations and criteria for success and assessment, tha iad a’ toirt cothroim don tidsear a bhith a’ co-phàirteachadh ris a’ chloinn na thathar a’ sùileachadh bhuapa agus na comharraidhean a tha ann air soirbheachadh agus air measadh
expeditious a
expeditiously adv ann an aithghearrachd. We wish the school to look at the matter expeditiously, tha sinn ag iarraidh gum bi sgoil a’ coimhead air an seo ann an aithghearrachd
expense n cosgais f, pl cosgaisean. Additional expense, cosgais a bharrachd. Experiences which could not, for reasons of expense or safety, be accommodated within the realities of the classroom, fiosrachaidhean nach b’ urrainn an gabhail a-staigh anns a’ chlas a thaobh cosgais no sàbhailteachd
at the expense of prep phr expressed with a bhith a’ cur sìos air. It is not, however, the business of media education to choose one view at the expense of another, ach cha bhuin e do dh’oideachadh mu na meadhain a bhith a’ taghadh aon seallaidh ’s a’ cur sìos air fear eile
expensive a 1 daor, comp daoire
2 cosgail, comp cosgaile
experience n 1 fiosrachadh m, gen fiosrachaidh, pl fiosraichidhean. After the pupils have had experience of variety, aon uair ’s gu bheil a’ chlann air fiosrachadh fhaotainn air caochladh sheòrsachan. The curriculum must establish the setting for the growth of appreciation in these vital areas of the Gaelic experience, feumaidh an clàr-teagaisg na crìochan a shuidheachadh anns am bi tuigse a’ fàs air na raointean ro-chudthromach seo de dh’fhiosrachadh na Gàidhlig. To reflect upon ideas, experiences and opinions, gus cnuasachadh air smaointean, fiosraichidhean agus beachdan. Provide experiences for developing pupils’ capacities, a’ cur fhiosraichidhean an tairgse na cloinne gus leasachadh a dhèanamh air an cuid chomasan. But they should always be relevant to children’s own lives and experiences, ach tha còir aca daonnan a bhith a tighinn a-rèir beatha agus fiosraichidhean na cloinne fhèin. They will talk appropriately about experiences, opinions, feelings and texts, bidh iad a’ bruidhinn gu h-iomchaidh mu dheidhinn fhiosraichidhean, bheachdan, fhaireachdainnean agus theacsaichean. To make comparisons and contrasts between their own experiences and those depicted in the text, gu bhith a’ coimeas an fhiosrachaidh aca fhèin agus an fhiosrachaidh a tha air a chur a-mach anns na teacsaichean, agus a’ dèanamh eadar-dhealachaidh eatarra. Pupils will be asked to recall and refer to their own experiences, bithear ag iarraidh air a’ chloinn a bhith ag ùrachadh an cuid fiosrachaidh fhèin no a’ toirt tarraing air
2 expressed with na rel pron plus fiosraich, vn fiosrachadh m. To examine their experiences, sgrùdadh a dhèanamh air na tha iad a’ fiosrachadh. In talking offer a personal response to the experiences of those involved in the text, a’ freagairt ann an cainnt gu pearsanta fa chomhair na dh’fhiosraich iadsan a tha a’ gabhail pàirt anns an teacsa
3 expressed with a bhith a’ fiosrachadh plus nì m, pl nithean. And that they should also have the experiences identified in later targets, agus gum bi cothrom aca cuideachd air a bhith a’ fiosrachadh nan nithean a thathar a’ comharrachadh ann an cuimsean nas àirde
4 expressed with nì m, pl nithean, plus fiosraich, vn fiosrachadh m. Pupils should talk together about the issues within their common experience, tha còir aig cloinn a bhith a’ còmhradh còmhla mu na nithean a tha iad uile a’ fiosrachadh. They will discover the experiences they share with others, gheibh iad ròs air nithean a tha iad fhèin agus feadhainn eile a’ fiosrachadh le chèile. From games or from real experience, bho gheamachan no bho nithean a chaidh fhiosrachadh da-rìreabh. Short messages arising out of the daily business of the class and pupils’ experiences, fiosan goirid a tha mar thoradh air obair làitheil a’ chlas agus air na nithean a tha a’ chlann a’ fiosrachadh. It is the oral outcomes that will provide the main basis for thinking about experiences, ’s e cainnt-bheòil a’ phrìomh stèidh gus smaoineachadh mu nithean a dh’fhiosraich iad. This can be extended by comparison with pupils’ own experiences, faodar leudachadh air seo le coimeas ri nithean a dh’fhiosraich a’ chlann fhèin
5 expressed with rud m, pl rudan, plus fiosraich, vn fiosrachadh m. When pupils want to talk about an experience, an uair a tha a’ chlann ag iarraidh a bhith a’ bruidhinn air rud a dh’fhiosraich iad
6 expressed with na rel pron plus ionnsaich, vn ionnsachadh m. Others may have no immediate contact with Gaelic, their experience of the language coming perhaps entirely from the school’s curriculum, cuid eile, ’s dòcha, aig nach eil dlùth cheangal idir ris a’ Ghàidhlig agus a tha, math dh’fhaoidte, gu tur an urra ri clàr-teagaisg na sgoile airson na tha iad ag ionnsachadh den chànain
7 eòlas m, gen eòlais. Pupils’ experience of listening can now extend to other texts, faodar leudachadh a-nis a dhèanamh air eòlas na cloinne air èisteachd a dh’ionnsaigh theacsaichean eile. Pupils will use previous experience of reading, cleachdaidh a’ chlann an t-eòlas a tha aca cheana air leughadh. With more experience, pupils will be able to compose several sentences, leis an tuilleadh eòlais bidh comas aig a’ chloinn grunnan sheantansan a chur ri chèile. Poetry writing depends on wide experience of listening to and reading poems, tha sgrìobhadh bàrdachd an urra ri eòlas farsaing air a bhith ag èisteachd ri dàin agus gan leughadh
8 expressed with eòlach a. As pupils acquire experience across a wide variety of forms, mar a tha a’ chlann a’ fàs nas eòlaiche feadh mòran sheòrsachan chruth
9 expressed with faigh eòlas, vn faighinn eòlais. It is likely that these pupils will make more rapid progress than those whose experience of Gaelic is set within less favourable social circumstances, bidh a h-uile coltas gun tig piseach nas luaithe air a’ chloinn seo na thig orrasan a tha a’ faighinn eòlais air a’ Ghàidhlig ann an suidhichidhean sòisealta nach eil cho fàbharach
10 not expressed. Opportunities will be taken to incorporate songs, and the experience of listening to different dialects on tape, bithear a’ gabhail cothroim air òrain a ghabhail a-staigh, agus èisteachd ri caochladh dhualchainnt air teip. Attractive displays of posters allow experience of variety in text and style, gheibhear cothrom air caochladh sheòrsaichean theacsaichean agus stoidhle o thaisbeanaidhean tarraingeach de shanasairean. Pupils will begin to learn Gaelic at different points and the amount and nature of their experience of it will vary, bi a’ chlann a’ tòiseachadh air a’ Ghàidhlig aig amannan eadar-dhealaichte, agus chan ionnan na tha iad uile a’ faighinn dhith
experience v tr 1 fiosraich, vn fiosrachadh m. Most pupils will at some time experience learning difficulties, bidh a’ mhòrchuid de chloinn aig àm air choireigin a’ fiosrachadh dhuilgheadasan ionnsachaidh. Each one with a number of strands or aspects of learning which the pupils will experience, gach aon le àireamh iallan no meuran ionnsachaidh a bhitheas a’ chlann a’ fiosrachadh
2 faigh fiosrachadh, vn faotainn fiosrachaidh. Which pupils will experience, anns am bi a’ chlann a’ faotainn fiosrachaidh
3 faigh cothrom air, vn faighinn cothroim air. That all pupils experience a coherent programme of work, gu bheil a’ chlann air fad a’ faighinn cothroim air prògram obrach òrdail
4 faigh eòlas air, vn faighinn eòlais air. Pupils experience varieties of speech and writing, tha clann a’ faighinn eòlais air caochladh sheòrsachan labhairt agus sgrìobhaidh
5 bi aig. As a way of alleviating any difficulties experienced as a consequence of a later start in Gaelic, mar dhòigh air na duilgheadasan a lughdachadh a bhitheas acasan a bha na b’fhaide gun tòiseachadh anns a’ Ghàidhlig
6 not expressed. For many pupils the experience of hearing stories read aloud will be encountered for the first time as part of the school’s early reading programme, ’s ann mar phàirt de thùs-phrògram leughaidh na sgoile a bhitheas an deagh chuid de phàisdean a’ chiad uair nam beatha a’ cluinntinn stòiridhean air an leughadh a-mach
experiment n 1 dearbhadh m, gen dearbhaidh, pl dearbhaidhean. Science experiments, dearbhaidhean-saidheans
2 obair f dhearbhaidh. Instructions on how to conduct an experiment in science, seòladh mu obair dhearbhaidh ann an saidheans a chur air adhart
3 probhadh m, gen probhaidh. A structured report might be written of an experiment observed, dh’fhaoidte aithisg stèidhichte a sgrìobhadh mu phrobhadh air an robhas ag amharc
experiment v i 1 dèan promhadh, vn dèanamh promhaidh. The setting within which pupils can experiment, an suidheachadh anns am faod a’ chlann promhadh a dhèanamh
2 feuch, vn feuchainn f. Pupils will be helped to experiment with ways of recording information, cuidichear a’ chlann gu bhith a’ feuchainn dòighean air fiosrachadh a chlàradh
expert n eòlaiche m, pl eòlaichean
expert a 1 ealanta. He is an expert player of the bagpipes, tha e ealanta air cluich na pìoba
2 acfhainneach, comp acfhainniche
expertise n eòlas m, gen eòlais. Teachers can use existing expertise and networks, faodaidh tidsearan feum a dhèanamh de dh’eòlas agus de dh’obraichean-lìn a tha ann cheana
explain v tr 1 mìnich, vn mìneachadh m. She explained it to us, mhìnich i dhuinn e. Let me explain to you, mìnicheam dhuibh e. Children who misbehave will be taken aside and the playleader will explain why such behaviour is unacceptable, thèid clann a bhitheas ri droch-ghiùlan a thoirt an dara taobh agus mìnichidh an neach-stiùiridh carson nach tèid gabhail ris a leithid a ghiùlan. It explains how assessment should be developed, tha e air measadh a mhìneachadh mar as còir measadh a thoirt air adhart
2 cuir an cèill do, vn cur an cèill do. Teachers should introduce pupils to the other Celtic languages and explain their interconnections, bu chòir do thidsearan clann a chur an aithne chànan Ceilteach eile agus a chur an cèill dhaibh mar a tha iad an dàimh da chèile
explanation n 1 mìneachadh m, gen mìneachaidh, pl mìneachaidhean. To follow closely the line of an argument or explanation, gus a bhith a’ dlùth leantainn argamaid no mìneachaidh mar a tha iad a’ dol air adhart
2 expressed with mìnich cùisean, vn mìneachadh chùisean. Rather than through explanation in English, an àite a bhith a’ mìneachadh chùisean ann am Beurla
explicit a 1 follaiseach. Without explicit knowledge of rules and terminology, gun eòlas follaiseach air riaghailtean agus briathrachas. Explicit teaching to groups or class will address the needs of pupils, faodaidh teagasg follaiseach air buidhnean no air clas coinneachadh ri feuman na cloinne
2 expressed with mìnich gu soilleir dè as ciall do, vn mìneachadh…. The teacher will make explicit and exemplify the process of message-giving, bidh an tidsear a’ mìneachadh gu soilleir le eisimpleirean dè as ciall do bhith a’ toirt teachdaireachd
3 expressed with soilleirich, vn soilleireachadh m. The teacher will continue to make explicit, leanaidh an tidsear air a bhith a’ soilleireachadh
explode v tr & i spreadh, vn spreadhadh m
exploit v tr cleachd airson prothaid, vn cleachdadh airson prothaid
exploitation n cleachdadh m airson prothaid, gen cleachdaidh…
exploration n 1 rannsachadh m, gen rannsachaidh, pl rannsachaidhean. Information contributed by others which furthers the exploration of the text, fiosrachadh a thug feadhainn eile seachad agus a tha a’ cur ri rannsachadh air an teacsa. Through, perhaps, the exploration of place names, math dh’fhaoidte tro rannsachadh air ainmean-àite. Role-play, expressive activities etc. can be starting points for imaginative explorations, faodaidh rannsachaidhean mac-meanmna fàs a-mach à cluich-riochd, cur an cèill agus mar sin
2 expressed with a bhith a’ rannsachadh. Drama provides a medium for the active exploration of areas of complex meaning, tha dràma na mheadhan air a bhith a’ dian-rannsachadh raointean de thuigse ioma-fhillte
exploratory a rannsachaidh. Developing from exploratory work into more fully formed and organised outcomes, a’ fàs à obair rannsachaidh a dh’ionnsaigh thoraidhean air a bheil an tuilleadh cumaidh agus eagrachaidh
explore v tr 1 (a) rannsaich, vn rannsachadh m. And that they be explored through the medium of gaelic, agus gu bheil iad air an rannsachadh tron Ghàidhlig. Real models of effective Gaelic whose features they can explore, imitate or adapt to suit their needs, eisimpleirean dligheach de Ghàidhlig dhòigheil a dh’fhaodas iad a rannsachadh no atharrais orra no atharrachadh mar as fheàrr a fhreagras orra fhèin. These enable them to communicate more effectively with others, develop reference skills, and explore texts, bidh seo a’ toirt comais dhaibh air conaltradh nas buadhmhoire a dhèanamh ri feadhainn eile, air sgilean fiosrachaidh a thoirt air adhart agus air teacsaichean a rannsachadh. Adventure games let pupils explore situations which give a sense of reality, tha geamannan dùbhlain a’ toirt cothroim do chloinn a bhith a’ rannsachadh shuidhichidhean anns a bheil caran de choltas an t-saoghail againn fhìn. Exploring the images of Gaelic-speaking communities will provide a basis for later work, bidh rannsachadh air na h-ìomhaighean de choimhearsnachdan Gàidhlig na bhunait do dh’obair a nithear a-rithist. Activities such as exploring technology, gnìomhan mar a bhith a’ rannsachadh teicneòlais
(b) dèan rannsachadh air, vn dèanamh rannsachaidh air. Using computers will let all pupils explore some of the newer media, bheir cleachdadh choimpiutairean cothrom don chloinn air fad rannsachadh a dhèanamh air cuid de na meadhain as ùire. Pupils will have chances to explore characters, bidh cothroman aig a’ chloinn rannsachadh a dhèanamh air pearsachan. Similarities and differences among stories can be fully explored, faodar làn rannsachadh a dhèanamh air mar a tha stòiridhean coltach agus eu-coltach ri chèile
2 beachdaich air, vn beachdachadh air. Plot and dialogue will be necessary terms as pupils explore fiction, ’s e ainmean air am bi feum a tha ann am plota agus còmhradh an uair a bhitheas a’ chlann a’ beachdachadh air ficsean
3 sgrùd, vn sgrùdadh m. Exploring fiction through simulations to generate thinking skills, a’ sgrùdadh ficsein tro shamhlachaidhean gus sgilean smaoineachaidh a thoirt gu bith
explosion n 1 spreadhadh m, gen spreadhaidh, pl spreadhaidhean
2 expressed with meudachadh m obann, gen meudachaidh obainn, pl meudachaidhean obann. Population explosion, meudachadh obann san àireamh-shluaigh
explosive n stuth-spreadhaidh m, pl stuthan-spreadhaidh
explosive a spreadhaidh. Explosive limits, crìochan spreadhaidh
export n às-mhalairt f
export product n phr às-bhathar m, gen às-bhathair
export v tr as-mhalairt, vn às-mhalairt f
exporting n, exporting process n phr às-mhalairt f
exporter n às-mhalairtear m, gen às-mhalairteir, pl às-mhalairtearan
expose v tr foillsich, vn foillseachadh m. Rather than having the gap exposed between their present attainments and some ideal level of performance, ’s chan ann a’ foillseachadh na beàrna eadar na thèid aca air a dhèanamh an-ceartuair agus ìre choileanaidh air choireigin as àirde tha ri fhaotainn
exposed a 1 rùisgte
2 nochdte. In an exposed area, ann an àite nochdte
3 coitcheann. Their house is in an exposed place, tha an taigh aca ann an àite coitcheann
4 ris. The roots of the tree are exposed, tha freumhaichean na craoibhe ris
exposition n 1 iomradh m, pl iomraidhean. They will learn to listen to expositions which are illustrated by overhead transparencies, ionnsaichidh iad mar a dh’èisteas iad ri iomraidhean le dealbhan os an cionn nan cois
2 cunntas m, gen cunntais, pl cunntasan
exposure n 1 expressed with cuir an lùib v phr, vn cur m an lùib. There must be early exposure of pupils to a wide range of stories, feumar a’ chlann a chur gu tràth an lùib sreath fharsaing de stòiridhean
2 expressed with faigh eòlas, vn faotainn eòlais. Pupils will explore more complex and more original forms through exposure to a wider variety of such forms, bidh a’ chlann a’ rannsachadh mhodhan nas ioma-fhillte agus nas bunaitiche mar thoradh air eòlas fhaotainn air barrachd sheòrsachan den leithid seo de mhodhan
3 expressed with bi an làthair. All should be aware of the danger of exposure of pregnant women to rubella, is còir do na h-uile a bhith mothachail air a chunnart a tha ann am boireannaich throma a bhith an làthair rubella
4 (photography) nochdadh m (ri solas), gen nochdaidh, pl nochdaidhean
5 nochdadh m, gen nochdaidh, pl nochdaidhean. In cases of severe exposure to the chemical, mas ann mòr a bha an nochdadh ris a’ cheimig
express a luath. Express service, luath-sheirbheis
express v tr 1 cuir an cèill, vn cur m an cèill. They will express ideas, cuiridh iad bun-bheachdan an cèill. Teachers should lead pupils to express preferences, tha còir aig na tidsearan a bhith a’ stiùireadh na cloinne gu bhith a’ cur an cèill nan nithean as docha leotha. Expressing ideas, a’ cur an cèill smuaintean. The contexts in which Gaelic is expressed and received, na suidhichidhean anns a bheil a’ Ghàidhlig air a cur an cèill ’s air a gabhail a-staigh. To express feelings, gus faireachdainnean a chur an cèill. To express opinions and preferences, gu bhith a’ cur an cèill bheachdan agus roghainnean. Pupils will develop ways of expressing their reactions to their experiences, bidh a’ chlann a’ togail dhòighean air cur an cèill mar a tha iad air an gluasad le an cuid fhiosraichidhean
2 nochd, vn nochdadh m. About which teachers often express uncertainty, nithean mu bheil tidsearan gu tric a’ nochdadh mì-chinnt
3 bi plus iomradh air. Higher expectations of response are expressed in the more detailed guidance which follows, tha iomradh air na thathar a’ sùileachadh a bharrachd ann am freagairtean anns an stiùireadh nas mionaidiche a leanas
4 not expressed. Pupils are expected to evaluate the assumptions expressed in a text, thathar a’ sùileachadh gum bi a’ chlann a’ tomhas nan nithean a thathar a’ gabhail riutha ann an teacsa
expression n 1 cur-an-cèill m, gen cuir-an-cèill. Pupils will be able to understand expressions of feelings, thèid aig a’ chloinn air cur-an-cèill fhaireachdainnean a thuigsinn
2 expressed with cuir an cèill, vn cur an cèill. Pupils will give a succinct, coherent account of their experience of texts, with sensitive expression of feelings and reactions, bidh a’ chlann a’ toirt iomraidh ghoirid, dhòigheil, phongail air an cuid fiosrachaidh air teacsaichean, a’ cur an cèill am faireachdainnean agus am beachdan gu mothachail
3 expressed with a thathar a’ cur an cèill. Pupils will be able to understand simple expressions of feelings, thèid aig a’ chloinn air faireachdainnean a thuigsinn a thathar a’ cur an cèill gu sìmplidh
4 expressed with gnàthas-cainnt m, pl gnàthasan-cainnt. Pupils will use language with some grasp of idiomatic expressions, bidh a’ chlann a’ cleachdadh cànain agus tomhas de ghreim a bhith aca air gnàthasan-cainnt
4 ràdh m, pl ràdhan. Pupils will understand everyday expressions, bidh a’ chlann a’ tuigsinn ràdhan cumanta làitheil
6 aithris f. In appropriate variations of tone and expression, ann an caochladh sheòrsachan iomchaidh de dhòigh-labhairt agus de dh’aithris
7 dòigh-innse f. They must make the setting and expression eerie enough to make the readers’ spines creep, feumaidh iad an t-àite agus an dòigh-innse a dhèanamh cho uamhalta ’s gun cuir e gaoir ann am feòil an luchd-leughaidh
8 not expressed. To develop the skills of dramatic expression, gus fàs a thoirt air sgilean dràma. Pupils will be able to understand a number of expressions of feelings, opinions and preferences, thèid aig a’ chloinn air àireamh fhaireachdainnean, bharailean agus nithean ion-mhiannaichte a thuigsinn
expressive a
expressive activity n phr cur m an cèill, gen cuir an cèill. Role-play, expressive activities etc. can be starting points for imaginative explorations, faodaidh rannsachaidhean mac-meanmna fàs a-mach à cluich-riochd, cur an cèill agus mar sin
expressive arts n phr na h-ealain. All the outcomes of the expressive arts will be taught through Gaelic, is ann tro Ghàidhlig a bhithear a’ teagasg na tha a’ sruthadh às na h-ealain
extend v tr 1 leudaich air, vn leudachadh m air. This can be extended by comparison with other books read, faodar leudachadh air seo le coimeas ri leabhraichean eile a chaidh a leughadh. Teachers should extend talk by questioning, is còir do thidsearan a bhith a’ leudachadh air labhairt le bhith cur cheistean. learning how to extend their skills in talking and listening, ionnsachadh mar a leudaicheas iad air na sgilean labhairt is èisteachd. The teacher will extend the range of listening texts, leudaichidh an tidsear air na teacsaichean èisteachd. Pupils’ experience should be extended to a wider range of texts, bu chòir leudachadh air fiosrachadh na cloinne a dh’ionnsaigh barrachd theacsaichean. The range of forms and structures will extend through books and poetry, leudaichear air na cruthan agus na structairean tro leabhraichean is bàrdachd. Through these experiences extend pupils’ understanding, a’ leudachadh leis na fiosraichidhean seo air tuigse na cloinne. By extending the demand of the message, le bhith a’ leudachadh air na tha an teachdaireachd a’ sùileachadh
2 leudaich, vn leudachadh m. They will be asked to extend their ability to write non-narrative texts, bithear a’ sùileachadh orra gun leudaich iad an comas air a bhith a’ sgrìobhadh theacsaichean a bharrachd air stòiridhean. Teachers will value, stimulate and extend pupils’ talk pupils’ talk, cuiridh na tidsearan meas air labhairt chloinne, ga brosnachadh agus ga leudachadh. They have been clarified in such a way as to enable pupils’ language ability to be progressively extended, rinneadh soilleireachadh orra ann a leithid de dhòigh ’s gum faodar comas-cànain na cloinne a leudachadh mean air mhean
3 dèan leudachadh air, vn dèanamh leudachaidh air. Pupils’ experience of listening can now extend to other texts, faodar leudachadh a-nis a dhèanamh air eòlas na cloinne air èisteachd a dh’ionnsaigh theacsaichean eile. The range of distinguishing features of texts should be extended, bu chòir leudachadh a dhèanamh air na nithean a tha a’ dealachadh theacsaichean o chèile. Helps pupils to extend their repertoire of presentational styles, gus a’ chlann a chuideachadh gus leudachadh a dhèanamh air na dòighean a tha aca air iad fhèin a chur an cèill. Their understanding and reflection will be extended, nithear leudachadh air an tuigse ’s air am beachd-smuaineachadh
4 leudaich a-mach, vn leudachadh a-mach. Later, the use of it will be extended, as a dhèidh sin faodar a leudachadh a-mach
extended a fada, comp faide. Pupils will be able to understand more extended descriptions of people, things and places, thèid aig a’ chloinn air iomraidhean nas fhaide a thuigsinn mu dhaoine, mu nithean agus mu àiteachan. Pupils will be able to describe in more extended terms people, things and places, thèid aig a’ chloinn air iomraidhean nas fhaide a dhèanamh air daoine, air nithean agus air fiosraichidhean
extension n 1 leudachadh m, gen leudachaidh. It is a natural extension to drafting and re-drafting, is leudachadh nàdarrach e air dreachdadh agus ath-dhreachdadh. Care has been taken to acknowledge the processes which will enable that extension to take place, tha àite air a thoirt gu faiceallach do na ceumannan a bheir cothrom don leudachadh sin a bhith a’ tighinn gu buil. Extensions to current practice, leudachadh air an obair a tha a’ dol an ceartuair.
2 (grammar) leudachadh m, gen leudachaidh. Extension to the subject, leudachadh air an t-suibseig
3 (logic) sìnteachd f
extension mod leudachaidh. Extension work, obair-leudachaidh
extensional a Gram leudachaidh
extensive a 1 ranntrach. Extensive farming, tuathanachas ranntrach
2 sgaoilte. Extensive farming, tuathanachas sgaoilte
3 farsaing. An extensive settlement of dispersed roundhouses stretches from here across the peninsula to the loch, tha àite-tuineachaidh farsaing de thaighean-cruinne sgapte a’ ruith à seo tarsainn gu ruig an loch
4 expressed with mòran plus gen. This area suffered extensive scouring from erosion by glaciers, fhuair an t-àite seo mòran sgùraidh bho bhith air a bhleith le eigh-shruthan
extensively adv expressed with mòran n. Teachers will require to speak Gaelic extensively, feumaidh na tidsearan a bhith a’ bruidhinn mòran Gàidhlig
external a 1 air an taobh a-muigh. An external diameter of 10m, trasd-thomhas de 10m air an taobh a-muigh
2 bhon taobh a-muigh. External view, sealladh bhon taobh a-muigh
externally adv air an taobh a-muigh. A stone walled round house 12m in diameter externally and 8m internally, taigh cruinn le balla cloiche 12m an trasd-thomhas air an taobh a-muigh agus 8m a-staigh
extinct a 1 à bith. These animals have become extinct, tha na h-ainmhidhean seo air a dhol à bith
2 marbh. These volcanoes are now extinct, tha na bholcànothan seo marbh a-nis
extinguish v tr bàth, vn bàthadh m
extinguisher n mùchadair m, pl mùchadairean
extol v tr àrd-mhol, vn àrd-mholadh m
extra a a chòrr. There will often be an extra unstressed syllable in one of the half-lines, gu tric bithidh lide gun chudthrom a chòrr ann am fear de na leth-shreathan
extract n earrann f, gen earrainn, pl earrainnean. Pupils will be able to read aloud short extracts from simple texts, thèid aig a’ chloinn air earrainnean goirid à teacsaichean sìmplidh a leughadh a-mach. Map extract, earrann mhapa
extract v tr 1 thoir à, vn toirt à. Pupils will be able to read reference materials to extract specific information, thèid aig a’ chloinn air stuthan fiosrachaidh a leughadh gus fiosrachadh sònraichte a thoirt asta
2 tog à, vn togail à. Pupils will extract particular information from a text, bidh a’ chlann a’ togail fiosrachaidh shònraichte à teacsa
3 tagh à, vn taghadh à
extracted a air às-tharraing
extraction n às-tharraing f
extractive a às-tharraingeach
extraneous a bho muigh
extraordinary a 1 iongantach, comp iongantaiche. It is an extraordinary thing that the exemplar should have been so closely followed, is rud iongantach e gun rachadh an roi-shamhla leantainn cho dlùth
2 air leth
extraordinarily adv air leth. Extraordinarily good, air leth math
extravagance n ana-caitheamh m, gen ana-caitheimh
exravagant a ana-caiteach
extreme n ana-bharr m, gen ana-bharra, pl ana-bharran. Climatic extremes, ana-bharran clìomaid
other extreme n phr expressed with suidheachadh m tur eadar-dhealaichte. In communities which are Gaelic-speaking or, at the other extreme, in communities where Gaelic is rarely encountered, ann an coimhearsnachdan Gàidhlig no, ann an suidheachadh tur eadar-dhealaichte, ann an coimhearsnachdan far nach fhaighear a’ Ghàidhlig ach ainneamh
eye n sùil f, gen sùla. To develop skills of left-to-right eye movement, gus sgilean gluasad sùla o chlì gu deas a thoirt air adhart
eye-contact n glacadh-sùla m. Show that they can use at least the following terms: gesture, eye-contact, a’ nochdadh gun cuir iad gu feum, air a’ char as lugha, na faclan a leanas: gluasad-bodhaig, glacadh-sùla
eye witness n phr sùil-fhianais f. Eye witness accounts, cunntasan sùil-fhianais
eye-lash n fabhra m, pl fabhran
eyelid n rosg m, gen ruisg, pl rosgan
F
fabric n aodach m, gen aodaich, pl aodaichean. Silk and woollen fabrics, aodaichean sìoda agus olla
façade n aghaidh f, gen aghaidhe, pl aghaidhean
face n 1 aodann m, gen aodainn, pl aodainnean. Circle face, aodann cearcaill. Flat face, aodann còmhnard. Rectangle face, aodann ceart-cheàrnaich. Sloping face, aodann claon. Square face, aodann ceàrnaig. Triangle face, aodann triantain
2 gnùis f, gen gnùise pl gnùisean.
3 aghaidh f, gen aghaidhe, pl aghaidhean
face mod gnùise. Face cream, cè-gnùise
false face n phr aghaidh-choimheach f, gen aghaidh-coimhich, pl aghaidhean-coimheach
face v tr 1 bi ri aghaidh
2 expressed with coinnich ri, vn coinneachadh ri. What dangers do miners face in their work? dè na cunnartan a bhitheas a’ coinneachadh ri mèinneadairean nan obair?
face with v phr cuir fa chomhair, vn cur fa chomhair. They should be faced with tasks which clearly demand the use of a variety of styles, tha còir obair a chur fan comhair a bhitheas a’ cur uallaich fhollaisich orra gus caochladh stoidhlichean a chur an greim
facial a 1 aodainn. Facial mobility, gluasad aodainn
2 gnùise. Facial cream, cè-gnùise
facilitate v tr 1 cuir an gnìomh. To facilitate this, gus seo a chur an gnìomh
2 thoir air adhart. Pupils will play games to facilitate talking, bidh a’ chlann a’ cluich gheamannan gus labhairt a thoirt air adhart
facilitation n 1 rèiteachadh m, gen rèiteachaidh
2 expressed with rèitich (slighe), vn rèiteachadh (slighe). They are right in arguing that the overall aim should be facilitation rather than coercion, tha iad ceart ann a bhith ag agairt gur e bu chòir a bhith mar amas coitcheann ach an t-slighe a rèiteachadh, agus chan ann a cho-èigneachadh
facility n 1 comas m, gen comais. A more highly developed facility with language, comas-cànain aig ìre nas àirde
2 goireas m, gen goireis, pl goireasan. Word processing facilities, goireasan dealbh-sgrìobhaidh. Leisure facilities, goireasan cur-seachad. Parents must not bring sick or infectious children to the day care facility, chan fhaod pàrantan clann a tha tinn no gabhaltach a thoirt leotha don ghoireas chùraim-làtha
3 sochair f, pl sochairean. Ancillary material and facilities, stuthan faice agus sochairean faice
fact n 1 fìrinn f. Fact and opinion are used to discuss the validity of an argument, bithear a’ cleachdadh fìrinn agus beachd gus beachdachadh air dè cho cudthromach ’s a tha argamaid
2 nì m fìrinneach, pl nithean fìrinneach. As facts built towards a conclusion, mar nithean fìrinneach air an cur còmhla a dh’ionnsaigh cò-dhùnaidh
3 fiosrachadh m, gen fiosrachaidh. To communicate key events, facts or ideas, gus prìomh thachartasan no fhiosrachadh no smuaintean a chur an cèill. A basic thesis may be supported by evidence and facts, faodar argamaid bhonntachail a chur an cèill le taice bho dhearbhadh agus bho fhiosrachadh
4 fìorsgeul m, gen fìorsgeoil. Skills of selecting facts will continue to be developed, leanar air a bhith a’ toirt fàis air sgilean taghadh fìorsgeoil
5 pl expressed with eòlas m. Informational texts make straightforward use of facts, tha teacsaichean fiosrachaidh a’ cleachdadh eòlais ann an dòigh shìmplidh
in fact adv phr gun teagamh. Those rumours are in fact circulating, tha na fathannan sin a’ cuairteachadh gun teagamh
factor n 1 cùis f, pl cùisean. Inextricably linked to economic factors, ann an ceangal dlùth is daingeann ri cùisean eacanomaigeach
2 nì m, pl nithean. To understand the factors which can help or hinder group work, gus a bhith a’ tuigsinn nan nithean a chuidicheas le obair bhuidhnean no a chuireas bacadh oirre. Pupils will identify factors in the text that contribute to enjoyment and enrichment, bidh a’ chlann a’ comharrachadh nithean anns an teacsa a tha a’ cur ri tlachd is toradh
3 (mathematics) factar m, gen factair, pl factaran
4 (estate factor) (a) seumarlan m, gen & pl seumarlain
(b) maor m, gen & pl maoir
(c) factar m, gen factair, pl factaran
factory n factaraidh m & f, pl factaraidhean
faculty n buadh f, pl buadhan. Not least to develop critical faculties and powers of discrimination, gu h-àraidh gus buadhan breithneachaidh a thoirt air adhart
Fahrenheit pr n Fahrenheit
fail v tr & i 1 fàilnich, vn fàilneachadh m
2 expressed with fairtlich air, vn fairtleachadh air. The bank has failed to get rid of them, tha e air fairtleachadh air a’ bhanc cuidhteas fhaighinn dhiubh
failure n expressed with neg. Pupils with difficulties arising from their failure to master basic skills, clann le duilgheadasan a tha mar thoradh air nach deach aca air na bun-sgilean
faint a 1 fann, comp fanna, fainne
2 blian, comp bliana. A faint circle of stones to the north suggests an earlier roundhouse, chithear cearcall blian de chlachan gu tuath, rud a dh’fhaodadh sealltainn gu robh taigh-cruinn ann aig àm a bu tràithe
faint-hearted a bog-chridheach, comp bog-chridhiche
fair a 1 (beautiful) (a) brèagha
(b) (i) àillidh
(ii) àilleach, comp àilliche
2 (fair-haired) bàn, comp bàine
3 (equitable, impartial) (a) cothromach, comp cothromaiche. Fair test, deuchainn chothromach. It is not fair, chan eil e cothromach. The waiting-list is not operated on a first come, first served basis, but on a fairer system, chan eil an liosta-fheitheinh air a h-obrachadh air stèidh a’ chiad neach a thig, ’s e a’ chiad neach a gheibh riarach, ach a-rèir siostaim as cothromaiche
(b) ceart. It is not fair, chan eil e ceart
4 glan. Fair copy, lethbhreac glan
fair copy n phr 1 ath-sgrìobhadh m, gen ath-sgrìobhaidh, pl ath-sgrìobhaidhean
2 lethbhreac m glan, gen lethbhric ghlain, pl lethbhric ghlana
fair maid n phr 1 àilleag f, gen àilleig, pl àilleagan
2 àilleagan m, gen & pl àilleagain
fairly adv gu cothromach. The pre-school will treat fairly all applicants for jobs, buinidh an ro-sgoil gu cothromach ri gach tagraiche airson obrach
fair-haired a bàin, comp bàine
fairness n (of hair) bainead f, gen bàineid
fairy n 1 sìthiche m, pl sìthichean
2 (female) bean-sìthe, bean-shìthe f, gen mnà-sìthe, pl mnathan-sìthe
faithful a dìleas
fall v i (of rain) sil, vn sileadh m
fall-out n duslach m, gen duslaich. Nuclear fall-out, duslach niuclasach
fallow a bàn. Fallow ground, talamh bàn
false a 1 meallta
2 brèige. False teeth, fiaclan brèige
3 tilgte. False teeth, fiaclan tilgte
falsification n breugnachadh m, gen breugnachaidh, pl breugnachaidhean
falsify v tr breugnaich, vn breugnachadh m. The proverb cannot be falsified, cha bhreugnaichear an seanfhacal
fame n alladh m, gen allaidh
famed a allail
familiar a 1 eòlach (with, air). Some pupils will be familiar with story-books, bidh cuid de chloinn eòlach air leabhraichean le stòiridhean. Teachers should provide and be familiar with a wide range of texts, tha còir aig tidsearan teacsaichean de iomadh seòrsa a thoirt don chloinn, agus iad fhèin a bhith eòlach orra cuideachd. They will show a readiness to talk about familiar school and domestic situations, nochdaidh iad gu bheil iad deònach a bhith a’ còmhradh mu shuidhichidhean eòlach a bhuineas don sgoil agus don dachaigh
2 expressed with eòlas m, gen eòlais. Such reading will help pupils become familiar with textual features, bidh leughadh den t-seòrsa seo na chuideachadh don chloinn gus eòlas a chur air nithean a bhuineas do theacsaichean
3 expressed with eòlas aig. Pupils will be familiar with the process of listening and responding in group discussion, bidh eòlas aig a’ chloinn air mar a tha èisteachd agus freagairt ann am beachdachadh-buidhne ag oibreachadh
4 expressed with air a bheil eòlas. A familiar passage or poem, earrainn no dàn air a bheil eòlas aca
5 expressed with air a bheil … eòlach. Pupils will be able to understand short straightforward texts consisting of familiar language in a familiar context, thèid aig a’ chloinn air tuigse a dhèanamh air teacsaichean goirid, furasta ann an cainnt agus ann an suidheachadh air a bheil iad eòlach. They will be able to read the words of familiar modern songs and poems, bidh comas aca air na faclan aig òrain agus dàin air a bheil iad eòlach às an latha an diugh a leughadh. It should begin from where the child is in place and time — familiar experiences, the local environment, including cityscapes, tha còir aige tòiseachadh far a bheil am pàiste — an t-àite agus an tìm anns a bheil e, fiosraichidhean air a bheil e eòlach, an àrainneachd ionadail agus sin a’ cunntadh seallaidhean a’ bhaile mhòir. Walls made of turf, or earth and stone, were originally more common than the familiar stone dykes, bha gàrraidhean dèante de dh’fhàl, no de chloich is de dh’fhàl còmhla, na bu chumanta roimhe na na gàrraidhean-cloiche air a bheil sinn eòlach an diugh
6 expressed with as aithne (do). To link sentences with appropriate words already familiar to them, gus seantansan a cheangal ri chèile le faclan freagarrach as aithne dhaibh cheana
familiarise v tr thoir eòlas do, vn toirt eòlais do. This approach should have the dual aim of introducing pupils to a variety of topics and of familiarising them with new language, tha dà amas aig a leithid seo de dhòigh-obrach: a’ chlann a chur an aithne caochladh chuspairean, agus eòlas a thoirt dhaibh air cànain ùir
familiarity n eòlas m, gen eòlais. Pupils will be given enjoyment, familiarity with structures, gheibh a’ chlann toileachadh, eòlas air structairean. Practice in sequencing and prediction with such texts will lead pupils to familiarity with their various structures, tro bhith a’ cur theacsaichean den t-seòrsa seo an òrdugh agus a’ fàisneachd mun deidhinn bidh a’ chlann air an toirt gu eòlas air gach seòrsa cumaidh a tha orra. Occasions when the teacher is developing pupils’ familiarity with the language of listening/watching, amannan a bhitheas an tidsear a’ toirt gu buil eòlas na cloinne air briathrachas èisteachd/amhairc
family n teaghlach m, gen teaghlaich, pl teaghlaichean. Part of her job is to visit families in the area, ’s e pàirt de h-obair a bhith a’ tadhal air teaghlaichean anns a’ cheàrnaidh aice. As a member of a family of Celtic languages, mar bhall de theaghlach nan cànan Ceilteach
family mod teaghlaich. We believe that no family should be excluded from the group’s activities on the grounds of class, family status or means, tha sinn a’ creidsinn nach bu chòir gum bitheadh teaghlach sam bith air an dùnadh a-mach bho ghnìomhan na buidhne mar thoradh air clas, inbhe theaghlaich, no maoin
famine n gort f, gen gorta
famous a ainmeil, comp ainmeile
fan n 1 gaotharan m, gen gaotharain, pl gaotharanan
2 sgiathan m, gen & pl sgiathain. Alluvial fan, sgiathan aluibhium
• fana. Alluvial fan, fana alùbhiach
fan mod. Fan heater, gaotharan teasachaidh
fancy a
fancy dress n phr aodach-brèige, gen aodaich-bhrèige. We went in fancy dress, chaidh sinn ann is aodach-brèige òirnn
fancy-dress mod aodaich-bhrèige. A fancy-dress party, pàrtaidh aodaich-bhrèige
far adv fada. As far as possible, cho fada ’s a ghabhas
far away, far off adv phr an cèin
farm n tuathanas m, gen tuathanais, pl tuathanasan
farm v tr & i
farming n tuathanachas m, gen tuathanachais. Extensive farming, tuathanachas ranntrach, or tuathanachas sgaoilte. Intensive farming, tuathanachas dian. Mixed farming, tuathanachas measgaichte.
farming mod tuathanachais. Farming implements, innealan tuathanachais
farmer n tuathanach m, gen & pl tuathanaich
farmhouse n taigh-tuathanais m, gen taigh-thuathanais, pl taighean-tuathanais
farmstead n treabhair f (an tuathanais)
Faro Islands pr n Eileanan Fàro
Faroese pr n 1 Fàrothach m, gen & pl Fàrothaich
2 (language) Fàrothais f
fart n braim, bram m, gen brama, pl bramannan. It wasn’t a fart, it was merely letting off, cha b’ e bram a bh’ ann, ’s e dìreach fathrachadh a bh’ ann
fashion n fasan m, gen & pl fasain. Clothes and fashion, aodaichean agus fasain
fast a 1 luath. They enable information to be relayed by means of a fast and cost-effective electronic process, tha iad a’ toirt cothroim do dh’fhiosrachadh a bhith air a lìobhraigeadh tro mheadhan-dealain a tha an dà chuid luath agus cosg-èifeachdach
2 (of a clock) air thoiseach. The clock is fast just now, tha an gleoc air thoiseach an-dràsta
fasten n ceangail, vn ceangal m
fastening n ceangal m, gen ceangail, pl ceanglaichean
fat n 1 saill f, gen saille, pl saillean. Fat layer, breath shaille. Saturated fats, saillean sàthaichte
2 mèathlachd f
3 blonaig f. Chicken fat, blonaig chearc
4 geir f, gen geire
saturated fat n phr saill shùighteach
father n athair m, gen athar, pl athraichean
father-in-law n athar-cèile m, gen athar-chèile, pl athraichean-cèile
fatherland n athardha m
fatherly a 1 athaireil
2 athardha
fathom n aitheamh m, gen aitheimh, pl aitheamhan
fault n 1 lochd m, gen lochda, pl lochdan
2 coire f, pl coireannan
3 (geology) cearb f, gen cirbe, pl cearban
• sgàineadh m, gen sgàinidh, pl sgàinidhean
fault v tr & i
faulting n (geology) cearbadh m, gen cearbaidh
• sgàineadh m, gen sgàinidh
faultline n loidhne-chearbaidh f, pl loidhneachan-cearbaidh
• loidhne-sgàinidh f, pl loidhneachan-sgàinidh
faulty a expressed with uireasbhaidh air. The pupil is free to concentrate on the performance aspects, and, if they are still faulty, can be helped to improve them, tha am pàiste saor gus inntinn a leagail gu tur air cùisean coileanaidh, agus ma tha uireasbhaidh fhathast orra sin, faodar a chuideachadh gus an cur am feobhas
favourable a fàbharach, comp fàbharaiche. Those whose experience of Gaelic is set within less favourable social circumstances, iadsan a tha a’ faighinn eòlais air a’ Ghàidhlig ann an suidhichidhean sòisealta nach eil cho fàbharach
favourite a 1 as fheàrr le. Describe your favourite weather, innis mun t-sìde as fheàrr leat. Pupils will be given chances to repeat favourite parts, gheibh a’ chlann cothrom air a bhith ag atharrais nan earrann as fheàrr leotha fhèin
2 as docha le. By shared reading of favourite stories, le bhith a’ co-phàirteachadh leughadh nan stòiridhean as docha leotha fhèin
3 as roghnaiche le. These are favourite spots for sheep, ’s iad seo na badan as roghnaiche leis na caoraich
4 anns a bheil mòr thlachd aig. There should be a clear purpose for pupils: reading a favourite poem to friends, tha còir aig adhbhar soilleir a bhith ann don chloinn: a’ leughadh dàin anns a bheil mòr thlachd aca do an càirdean
fax n facs m, pl facsaichean. Communicating ideas through fax, a’ cur an cèill smuaintean le facs. He sent him a large number of faxes, chuir e àireamh mhòr de dh’fhacsaichean thuige
fear n eagal m. gen eagail. In which all feel free from fear of being criticised, anns am bi gach neach a’ faireachdainn saor o eagal gum bithear a’ cur sìos air
feasability n
feasability study n phr sgrùdadh m dearbhaidh, gen sgrùdaidh dhearbhaidh, pl sgrùdaidhean dearbhaidh
feat n 1 beart f, gen beairt, pl beartan
feature n 1 (a) nì m, pl nithean. The main features, na nithean as cudthromaiche. The range of distinguishing features of texts should be extended, bu chòir leudachadh a dhèanamh air na nithean a tha a’ dealachadh theacsaichean o chèile. The pupil should be taught to give increasing priority to technical features of the text, tha còir gun treòirichear am pàiste gus am barrachd ’s am barrachd àite a thoirt do nithean teicnigeach an teacsa. If pupils have a sense of genre they will also have an awareness of the significance of important features of the text, ma tha tuigse aig a’ chloinn air gnè chànain bidh mothachadh aca cuideachd air brìgh nithean cudthromach anns an teacsa
(b) rud m, pl rudan. The most important feature of writing, an rud as cudthromaiche ann an sgrìobhadh. You are now at the end of the trail though there are many other features to be seen, tha thu a-nis aig deireadh na slighe ged a tha iomadh rud eile ri fhaicinn
(c) nì m, rud m a bhuineas do, or nì, rud a tha a’ buntainn ri pl nithean, rudan…. A framework is needed, clearly establishing the most important features of this curricular area, tha feum air beairt a stèidhicheas gu soilleir na nithean as cudthromaiche a tha a’ buntainn ris a’ chlàr-theagaisg seo. The rationale describes the main features of the Gaelic curriculum, tha an Fheallsanachd a’ toirt cunntais air na prìomh nithean a bhuineas do chlàr-teagaisg na Gàidhlig. Speakers and messages that employ a wide range of Gaelic language features, luchd-labhairt agus teachdairean a bhitheas a’ cleachdadh caochladh nithean a bhuineas don Ghàidhlig mar chànain. They should be able to identify features of style, tha còir gun tèid aca air ròs fhaighinn air rudan a bhuineas do stoidhle
(d) nì m mu dheidhinn, pl nithean mu dheidhinn. The teacher should invite recall of straightforward features of the text, tha còir aig an tidsear iarraidh orra cuimhneachadh air na nithean as cumanta mu dheidhinn an teacsa
(e) nì m anns an teacsa, pl nithean anns an teacsa. Pupils will comment on the contribution of features, bidh a’ chlann a’ toirt beachd air na tha nithean anns an teacsa a’ toirt seachad
(f) rud air choireigin. Where a feature identified earlier in a target does not appear subsequently in the strand, far a bheil rud air choireigin a chomharraicheadh na bu thràithe ann an cuimse a’ sgur a nochdadh as a dhèidh sin anns an èill
2 cùis f, pl cùisean. Key features, prìomh chùisean. Pupils will comment on the contribution of features of language and style to the overall effect of the text, bidh a’ chlann a’ toirt beachd air na tha cùisean cànain is stoidhle a’ cur ri làn bhuaidh an teacsa. The main features of different kinds of texts, na prìomh chùisean aig caochladh sheòrsachan theacsaichean
3 comas m, pl comasan. Since these are the features of the language which children bring to school, a chionn ’s gur iad sin na comasan cànain a bhitheas clann a’ toirt leotha don sgoil
4 seòrsa m, pl seòrsachan. This unit of language may contain non-linguistic features of communication, faodaidh an t-aonad cànain seo seòrsachan co-luadair a ghabhail a-staigh nach buin do chànain
5 comharradh m, pl comharraidhean. Identify features of form and content, a’ cur aithne air comharraidhean cruth is susbaint. Until pupils are confident in identification of these distinguishing features, gus am bi misneach aig a’ chloinn ann a bhith ag aithneachadh nan comharraidhean eadar-dhealaichte seo
6 feart m, gen fearta, pl feartan. They describe features of non-verbal communication, tha iad a’ dèanamh iomraidh air feartan conaltraidh às aonais fhaclan. Landscape features, feartan tìre. Physical features of the landscape, feartan fiosaigeach na tìre
7 pàirt m, pl pàirtean. Pupils from a home or community background where Gaelic is a regular feature of their language environment, clann à dachaighean no à coimhearsnachdan anns a bheil a’ Ghàidhlig na pàirt cunbhalach den àrainneachd-chànain aca. A differentiated curriculum will be a feature of schools’ responses to such needs, bidh clàr-teagaisg iomachruthach mar phàirt de na bhitheas na sgoiltean a’ dèanamh gus gabhail ri an leithid seo a dh’fheuman. Newspapers should be everyday features of the work of the classroom. bu chòir do phàipearan-naidheachd a bhith mar phàirt de dh’obair làitheil an ruim-theagaisg
8 expressed with dòigh f, pl dòighean. “Genre” is a term used to describe a property of texts, that each text belongs to a group, or set, of texts with which it shares common features, tha “Gnè” air a chleachdadh gus iomradh a dhèanamh air nàdar theacsaichean, a’ comharrachadh gum buin a h-uile teacsa do bhuidheann theacsaichean agus gu bheil dòighean anns a bheil e coltach riutha sin
9 expressed with ri fhaotainn. Paragraph is a further feature of textual organisation, tha paragraf a-rithist ri fhaotainn ann an òrdanachadh theacsaichean
10 not directly expressed. Real models of effective Gaelic whose features they can explore, imitate or adapt to suit their needs, eisimpleirean dligheach de Ghàidhlig dhòigheil a dh’fhaodas iad a rannsachadh no atharrais orra no atharrachadh mar as fheàrr a fhreagras orra fhèin
landscape feature n phr feart-tìre m, pl feartan-tìre
physical feature n phr feart m fiosaigeach, gen feart fhiosaigich, pl feartan fiosaigeach
feature v tr 1 bi mar phàirt. It should feature a lot of encouragement and modelling of good practice, bu chòir mòran misneachaidh agus eisimpleirean de chleachdadh dòigheil a bhith mar phàirt dheth sin
2 bi plus àite aig. Reading will feature as part of group activities, bidh àite aig leughadh mar phàirt de dh’obair-bhuidhne
3 bi plus àite cunbhalach aig. Purpose and audience will feature when pupils consider what they plan to write, bidh àite cunbhalach aig adhbhar agus aig luchd-amais an uair a tha a’ chlann a’ gabhail beachd air na tha dùil aca a sgrìobhadh
4 expressed with gabh a-staigh, vn gabhail a-staigh. Aspects of text to which pupils will now give attention in their writing and which will feature in discussions, nithean a bhuineas do theacsaichean agus a bhitheas a’ chlann a-nis a’ gabhail ealla riutha nan cuid sgrìobhaidh agus a’ gabhail a-staigh nam beachdachadh
5 expressed with anns a bheil, etc. The output phase, featuring use of language for real communicative purposes, an fho-rèis a-mach, anns a bheil a’ chànain air a chleachdadh airson fìor adhbhairean conaltraidh
6 not directly expressed. “Setting the scene” will feature in talking about fiction, bidh “ullachadh-sgeòil” ann am beachdachadh air ficsean
feed n biathadh m, gen biathaidh. Cattle feed, biathadh cruidh
feed v tr biath, biadh, vn biathadh, biadhadh m
feeding stuff n biathadh m, gen biathaidh
feedback n expressed with freagair, vn freagairt f. Teachers should give positive feedback, is còir do thidsearan a bhith a’ freagairt ann an dòigh thaiceil
feel v tr & i 1 fairich, vn faireachdainn m. To develop their capacities to communicate, think, feel and make through Gaelic, gus leasachadh a dhèanamh air an cuid chomasan co-luadair, smaoineachaidh, faireachdainn, agus cruthachaidh anns a’ Ghàidhlig. How to distinguish between a character’s own point of view and what the author feels about it, mar a nithear dealachadh eadar beachd a’ phearsa fhèin agus mar a tha an t-ùghdar a’ faireachdainn mu dheidhinn. The teacher must create a climate in which all feel confident, feumaidh an tidsear suidheachadh a chruthachadh anns am bi gach neach a’ faireachdainn misneachail
2 expressed with faireachdainn m & f. Pupils should be made to feel that their contributions are valued, tha còir faireachdainn a thoirt don chloinn gu bheilear a’ cur meas air na tha iad a’ toirt seachad
3 expressed with mothachadh m. Pupils should feel part of what is going on, tha còir gum biodh mothachadh aig cloinn gu bheil iad fhèin a’ gabhail pàirt anns na bheil a’ dol air adhart
4 expressed with bi an dùil. Language is passively absorbed until pupils feel able to use it, tha cànain air a gabhail a-staigh gu socair gus am bi clann an dùil gun tèid aca air a cur am feum
5 expressed with bi aig. In small groups where the pupil feels confident, ann am buidhnean beaga far am bi misneach aig a’ phàiste
6 not expressed directly. We hope that groups will not feel discouraged or threatened in any way by the introduction of this policy, tha sinn an dòchas nach bi am poileasaidh na adhbhar mì-mhisnich no bagraidh air chor sam bith do bhuidhnean
feel like v phr expressed with coltach ri. The first paragraph of a ghost story is where you make it feel like an eerie place, ’s e a’ chiad pharagraf de sgeulachd mu thaibhsean far a bheil thu ga dhèanamh coltach ri àite uamhalta
what you feel v phr expressed with t’ fhaireachdainn. What we feel about the weather usually depends on what we want to do, tha ar faireachdainn mun t-sìde mar as tric a-rèir dè a tha sinn airson a dhèanamh
feeling n 1 faireachdainn m & f, pl faireachdainnean. By developing thinking and feeling, le bhith a’ toirt smuain agus faireachdainn gu ìre. Habits of thought and feeling, cleachdaidhean ann an smuain agus ann am faireachdainn. Reflecting on and considering their own feelings, a’ meòrachadh agus a’ beachdachadh air an cuid fhaireachdainnean fhèin. They will talk appropriately about experiences, opinions, feelings and texts, bidh iad a’ bruidhinn gu h-iomchaidh mu dheidhinn fhiosraichidhean, bheachdan, fhaireachdainnean agus theacsaichean. Pupils will develop ways of expressing their reactions to and feelings about their experiences, bidh a’ chlann a’ togail dhòighean air cur an cèill mar a tha iad air an gluasad le an cuid fhiosraichidhean, agus na faireachdainnean a tha aca mun deidhinn
2 faireachadh m. They will support and promote the growth of thinking and feeling, bidh iad a’ neartachadh agus a’ leasachadh fàs ann n smaoineachadh agus ann am faireachadh
3 pl expressed with bi a’ faireachdainn. To examine their feelings, sgrùdadh a dhèanamh air na tha iad a’ faireachdainn
fellow n
fellow mod 1 co-. Fellow creature, co-chreutair
2 eile. At first, the audience will be teacher or fellow pupil, aig toiseach cùise, ’s e an tidsear no pàiste eile an luchd-amais
felt n fealt m. Felt pen, peann fealt
female n expressed with boireann a. Studying media representations of males and females will allow discussion of stereotyping and gender roles, bidh cothrom ann, le bhith a’ gabhail ealla ris mar a tha fireann agus boireann gan cur far comhair anns na meadhain, air beachdachadh air lèir-sheiseachadh agus air an àite a tha aig boireann agus fireann
female a 1 boireann
2 baineann
feminine a 1 boireann. Feminine gender, gnè bhoireann. The dative form of this feminine word has taken the place of the radical case in this dialect, tha an riochd tabhartach den fhacal bhoireann seo air àite an tuiseil bhunasaich a ghabhail anns an dualchainnt a tha ann
2 banail, comp banaile, banala
feminist n boireann-dhlighiche m, pl boireann-dhlighichean
femur n 1 fèamar m, gen fèamair, pl fèamaran
2 cnàmh m na leise, gen cnàimh…, pl cnàmhan…
fen n 1 boglach f, gen boglaich, pl boglaichean
2 The Fens, na Feanan
fen mod boglaich. Fen bedstraw, màdar boglaich
fence n feansa f, pl feansaichean
fence v tr feans, vn feansadh m. Instead of fencing large fields small enclosures were made, an àite raointean mòra a bhith air am feansadh chaidh àiteachan-iadhaidh beaga a dhèanamh
fenland n 1 talamh m boglaich, gen talmhainn f boglaich
2 fean-thalamh m, gen fean-thalmhainn f
ferment v tr & i brach, vn brachadh
fermentation n brachadh m, gen brachaidh
fern (Filicopsida) n raineach f, gen rainich
ferret (Mustela putorius) n fearaid f, pl fearaidean
ferric a iarnach
ferrous a iarnail. Ferrous sulphate, sulfait iarnail
ferry n 1 aiseag m, gen aiseig, pl aiseagan
2 bàt-aiseig m, pl bàtaichean-aiseig
ferry v tr aisig, vn aiseag m
ferry-boat n bàt-aiseig m, pl bàtaichean-aiseig
fertile a torrach, comp torraiche. The ground here has been made more fertile by cultivation, chaidh an talamh an seo a dhèanamh na bu thorraiche le bhith ga àiteach
fertilisation n sìolachadh m, gen sìolachaidh
fertilise v tr 1 mathaich, vn mathachadh m. Their dung acts to fertilise the soil, bithidh am buachar aca a’ mathachadh na h-ùire
2 torraich, vn torrachadh m
fertiliser n 1 stuth-mathachaidh m, pl stuthan-mathachaidh. Artificial fertiliser, stuth-mathachaidh innealta
2 mathachadh m, gen mathachaidh. Turf walled buildings had a short life and the turves could be reused as fertiliser for the fields, cha mhaireadh togalaichean le ballachan-fàil fada agus bhite a’ cleachdadh an t-seann fhàil mar mhathachadh do na raointean
fertility n torrachas m, gen torrachais. There may have been a decline in the fertility of the land, dh’fhaodadh e bhith gun do chaill an talamh a thorrachas
festival n àrd-fhèillf, gen àrd-fhèille, pl àrd-fhèilltean
few n àireamh f bheag. They suggest only a few of the available options, chan eil iad a’ togail ach àireamh bheag de na roghainnean a tha ri am faotainn. A few may reveal signs of physical difficulties, àireamh bheag, ’s dòcha, a’ nochdadh gu bheil duilgheadasan corparra aca
few a 1 beagan plus gen. Where the strand ends after a few levels, far a bheil iall a’ crìochnachadh as dèidh beagan ìrean. Identify a few obvious features of form and content, a’ comharrachadh a-mach beagan de nithean follaiseach a bhuineas do chruth agus do shusbaint. The table opposite shows a few examples of the activities appropriate to the Immersion phase, anns a’ chlàr a leanas chithear beagan eisimpleirean de na gnìomhan a tha a’ freagairt air an ùine dhrùdhaidh
2 expressed with gun ach beagan a bhith ann dhiubh. Markers should be simple and few in number, bu chòir na comharraidhean a bhith sìmplidh agus gun ach beagan a bhith ann dhiubh
3 cuid plus de. Show recognition of a few features of different types, a’ nochdadh gu bheil aithne aca air cuid de dh’eadar-dhealaichidhean
fewer a comp nas lugha. Although some strands are described at fewer than five levels, ged a tha iomradh air cuid de na h-iallan aig nas lugha na còig ìrean
fibre n 1 freumhag f, gen freumhaig
2 teudag f, gen teudaig, pl teudagan. Muscle fibre, teudag-fhèithe
3 snàthainnean m, gen snàthainnein, pl snàthainneanan; snàithlean m, gen snàithlein, pl snàithleanan
fiction n ficsean m, gen ficsein. Their own tastes in fiction and non-fiction, am miann fhèin a thaobh ficsean agus fìorsgeul. In reading fiction, ann a bhith a’ leughadh ficsein
fictional a 1 ficsein. Fictional, poetic and informational texts, teacsaichean ficsein, bàrdachd agus fiosrachaidh
2 à ficsean. Perhaps a fictional or historical character, ’s dòcha pearsa à ficsean no à eachdraidh
3 ficseanail
fictitious a spleadhach
fidget v i How you fidget, ’s ann ort a tha an iomairt
field n 1 achadh, acha m, gen achaidh, pl achaidhean, achannan
2 raon m, gen raoin, pl raointean
3 cùis. Britain is now one of the world leaders in this field, tha Breatainn a-nis air tè de na dùthchannan as adhartaiche san t-saoghal sa chùis seo
field mod (scientific investigation) 1 làraich. Field notes, notaichean làraich
2 (botany) achaidh. Field bindweed, iadh-lus achaidh
field sketch n phr sgeidse-làraich f, pl sgeidseachan-làraich
hill-field n achadh m (monaidh), gen achaidh (mhonaidh), pl achaidhean, achaidhnean (monaidh)
field-work n obair-shiubhail f, gen obair-siubhail
field-worker n obraiche-siubhail m, pl obraichean-siubhail
figure n figear m, gen figeir, pl figearan. The projected figures for next year, na figearan a tha san amharc airson na h-ath-bhliadhna
figure of eight n phr figear m a h-ochd, gen figeir a h-ochd. In a figure of eight shape, ann an cumadh figeir a h-ochd
figure of speech n phr trop m, pl tropan. “Ithidh iad beò mi” is a common figure of speech in connection with midges, tha “ithidh iad beò mi” na throp cumanta a thaobh nam meanbh-chuileag
filament n fileamaid f, pl fileamaidean
file n (office) faidhle m, pl faidhleachan
file n (tools) 1 lìomhan m, gen lìomhain, pl lìomhanan
2 eighe f, pl eigheachan
fill v tr lìon, vn lìonadh m
fill out v phr leudaich a-mach, vn leudachadh m a-mach. To help pupils see the need for filling out the texture of stories, gus a’ chlann a chuideachadh gus faicinn gum feum stòiridhean a bhith air an leudachadh a-mach
filler n lìonadair m, pl lìonadairean
film n film m, pl filmichean. Making use of radio, television and film, a’ cleachdadh rèidio, telebhisean agus film. Including plays, in performance, films, etc., a’ gabhail a-staigh dealbh-chluichean gan actadh, filmichean agus an leithid sin
film mod film. Film scripts, sgriobtaichean film. When viewing a film or television programme, an uair a thathar a’ coimhead air film no air prògram telebhisein
filter n sìolachan m, gen sìolachain, pl sìolachanan. Membrane filter, sìolachan meamrain. Special filter, sìolachan sònraichte
filter mod sìolaidh. Filter plant, taigh-sìolaidh. Filter paper, pàipear-sìolaidh. Filter funnel, lìonadair-sìolaidh., Filter feeder, itheadair-sìolaidh
filter v tr sìolaidh (le sìolachan), vn sìoladh m (le sìolachan)
filth n salchar m, gen salchair
filtration n 1 sìoladh m, gen sìolaidh. Filtration membrane, meamran sìolaidh. Micro-filtration, miocro-shìoladh. Nano-filtration, nano-shìoladh. Ultra-filtration, ultra-shìoladh
2 obair-shìolaidh f, gen obrach-sìolaidh. Filtration and smells, obair-shìolaidh agus fàilidhean. Pressure filtration, obair-shìolaidh le brùthadh
final n (sport) cuairt f dheireannach, gen cuairte deireannaich, pl cuairtean deireannach. A debate about how large a pitch must be before a final or semi-final may be played on it, deasbad air dè cho mòr a dh’fheumas pàirc a bhith mus tèid cuairt dheireannach no iar-chuairt dheireannach a chluich oirre
final a 1 deireannach. They have not reached a final conclusion at all, cha tàinig iad gu co-dhùnadh deireannach idir. Final devoicing, dì-ghuthachadh deireannach. The last stress in each long line comes on the final syllable, tha an cudthrom mu dheireadh anns gach sreath fada a’ tighinn air an lide dheireannach. Between the final vowel of “mi” and word-initial “l-” of “làmh”, eadar an fhuaimreag dheireannach de “mi” agus an “l-” aig toiseach an fhacail “làmh”
2 mu dheireadh. The teacher should focus on punctuation in the final draft, tha còir aig an tidsear aire thoirt do phungadh na dreachd mu dheireadh
3 crìochnaichte. Producing a re-draft (which may be the final copy), a’ toirt ath-dhreachd gu buil (agus is dòcha gur e seo an dreachd chrìochnaichte)
finally adv anns an àite mu dheireadh
finance n 1 ionmhas m, gen ionmhais. Director of Finance, Stiùiriche an Ionmhais
2 airgeadas m, gen airgeadais
finch n (ornithology) breacan m, gen & pl breacain. I think it’s a finch of some kind, saoilidh mi gur e breacan de sheòrsa air choireigin a th’ ann
finches (ornithology; family Fringillidae) breacain m pl, gen pl bhreacan. The family of finches, teaghlach nam breacan
finch, mountain n, see brambling n
find v tr 1 faigh, vn faighinn f. Advice on this aspect will be found in…, gheibhear comhairle air a’ chùis seo ann am…. Guidance is to be found in Part 3, gheibhear ann am Pàirt 3 an tuilleadh stiùiridh
2 lorg, vn lorg m. Pupils will read to find and handle information for a range of purposes, bidh sgoilearan a’ leughadh ach an lorg ’s an làimhsich iad fiosrachadh air sreath adhbhairean. Find, with teacher support, an item of information, a’ lorg, le taice on neach-teagaisg pìos fiosrachaidh. Tools from this early period have been found nearby, chaidh goireasan bho àm thràth seo a lorg faisg air an seo
3 amais air, vn amas air. I found it at last, dh’amais mi air mu dheireadh
4 (a) expressed with bi. Teachers may find it useful to consult the guidance, faodaidh e a bhith feumail do thidsearan comhairle fhaotainn bhon stiùireadh
(b) expressed with ann plus bi. A variety of techniques will be found helpful in this process, tha caochladh dhòighean ann a bhitheas feumail anns an iomairt seo. Through the range of accents and dialects found in Gaelic and all other languages, leis na tha de sheòrsachan blas agus dualchainnt anns a’ Ghàidhlig agus anns gach cànain eile
finding n toradh m rannsachaidh. The teacher will show other ways of recording ideas and findings, seallaidh an tidsear dòighean eile air bun-bheachdan agus toradh rannsachaidh a chlàradh
find out v phr 1 (a) faigh, vn faotainn f. The teacher may use particular tasks to find out specific information, faodaidh an tidsear gnìomhan sònraichte a chleachdadh airson fiosrachadh àraidh fhaotainn
(b) faigh a-mach, vn faighinn a-mach. Look at the key to find out what each colour means, coimhead ris an iuchair airson faighinn a-mach dè a tha gach dath a’ ciallachadh
2 lorg, vn lorg m. If a child’s behaviour is causing concern staff will make every effort to find out why the child is acting in such a way, ma bhitheas dragh ann a thaobh giùlan neach-cloinne nì an luchd-obrach a h-uile oidhirp gus lorg carson as ann mar sin a tha i/e ga giùlan fhèin
fine a 1 bòidheach, comp bòidhche
2 brèagha, comp brèaighe, brèagha. A fine day, latha brèagha
finger n 1 meur m, gen meòir, pl meòirean
2 corrag f, gen corraig, pl corragan. Place one finger on letter A at the top of the map, cuir aon chorrag air litir A aig mullach a’ mhapa
finish v tr crìochnaich, vn crìochnachadh
finished a crìochnaichte. Word processing gives professionalism to finished work, cuiridh dealbh-sgrìobhadh cruth proifeiseanta air obair chrìochnaichte
finite a (grammar) 1 finideach. Finite verb, gnìomhair finideach
2 crìochnach. Finite verb, gnìomhair crìochnach. Finite resources, stòrasan crìochnach
Finland pr n 1 an Fhionlainn f, gen na Fionlainn
2 Suòmaidh f
Finn, Finlander pr n 1 Fionlannach m, gen & pl Fionlannaich
2 Suòmach m, gen & pl Suòmaich
Finnish pr n (language) 1 Fionlannais f
2 Suòmais
Finnish a 1 Fionlannach
2 Suòmach
fiord n fiord m, pl fiordan
fire n teine m, pl teintean
fire mod 1 teine
2 a thaobh teine. Checks will be made on equipment and any fire hazards, thèid dearbhadh a dhèanamh air uidheamachd agus air nithean sam bith a dh’fhaodadh a bhith nan cunnart a thaobh teine
2 smàlaidh. Fire equipment, uidheamachd smàlaidh
fire brigade n phr seirbheis-smàlaidh f
fire station n phr stèisean-smàlaidh m, pl stèiseanan-smàlaidh
fire-boat n bàta-teine m, pl bàtaichean-teine
firebrand n aithinne m, pl aithinnean, aithinntean
firefighting n. Firefighting measures, dòighean f pl smàlaidh
fireplace n àite-teine m, pl àitean-teine
firewood n 1 connadh m, gen connaidh
2 fiodh-connaidh m, gen fiodha-chonnaidh
firm a 1 daingeann, comp daingeinn, daingne. Working in a firm tradition, ag obair ann an dualchas daingeann
2 expressed with math. Pupils will talk perceptively about their own experience, with firm grasp of appropriate content and structure, bidh a’ chlann a’ labhairt gu lèirsinneach mun cuid fiosrachaidh fhèin, agus greim math aca air susbaint agus cumadh freagarrach
first n expressed with ciad a. The bulk of the evidence the teacher requires should normally come from the first of these sources, anns a’ chumantas ’s ann às a’ chiad raon dhiubh seo as còir a’ mhòrchuid den dearbhadh a thighinn air a bheil feum aig an tidsear
from the first adv phr bho thùs gnothaich
first a 1 ciad. First letter order can be gradually established, faodar òrdugh chiad litrichean a stèidheachadh beag air bheag. First draft, a’ chiad dreachd. First person singular, a’ chiad phearsa singilte. First decimal place, a’ chiad ionad deicheach
2 a’ chiad dhà no trì. Reading the first phrases of a text, a’ leughadh a’ chiad dhà no trì abairtean de theacsa
3 prìomh. If the first task of schools is to develop language skills, mas e prìomh dhleastanas sgoiltean a bhith ag àrach sgilean cànain
first come first served, a’ chiad neach a thig, ’s e a’ chiad neach a gheibh riarach. The waiting-list is not operated on a first come, first served basis, chan eil an liosta-fheitheinh air a h-obrachadh air stèidh a’ chiad neach a thig, ’s e a’ chiad neach a gheibh riarach
first draft n phr a’ chiad dreachd f
first person n phr a’ chiad phearsa
first person mod anns a’ chiad phearsa. Effects created by first or third person narrative, buaidhean a tha mar thoradh air seanchas anns a’ chiad no an treasa pearsa
firstly adv anns a’ chiad àite
first adv 1 an toiseach. We shall see Mary first and then we shall see Donald, chì sinn Màiri an toiseach agus an uair sin chì sinn Dòmhnall. When pupils first compose their own stories, an uair a bhitheas a’ chlann a’ cur an cuid stòiridhean fhèin ri chèile an toiseach
2 anns a’ chiad àite. First with isolated words and phrases, anns a’ chiad àite le faclan agus abairtean fa leth
2 anns a’ chiad dol-a-mach. It should be emphasised that the content will be the first focus for assessment, dh’fheumte a sheulachadh gur ann air susbaint a bhithear a’ bualadh airson measaidh anns a’ chiad dol-a-mach. In order to understand language pupils need first to be involved in receiving and making it, gus cànain a thuigsinn, feumaidh clann anns a’ chiad dol a-mach a bhith an sàs ann a bhith ga gabhail agus ga cruthachadh
4 airson a’ chiad turais. It may first be introduced when pupils are themselves the audience, faodar a thoirt a-steach airson a’ chiad turais an uair a tha a’ chlann fhèin nan luchd-amais
5 a’ chiad uair am beatha. For many pupils the experience of hearing stories read aloud will be encountered for the first time as part of the school’s early reading programme, ’s ann mar phàirt de thùs-phrògram leughaidh na sgoile a bhitheas an deagh chuid de phàistean a’ chiad uair nam beatha a’ cluinntinn stòiridhean air an leughadh a-mach
at first adv phr 1 an toiseach. Helping pupils, perhaps at first in pairs, a’ cuideachadh na cloinne, ’s dòcha nan càraidean an toiseach
2 anns a’ chiad dol a-mach. The teacher may at first offer structures for responses, anns a’ chiad dol a-mach faodaidh an tidsear cruth a chur air freagairtean
3 aig toiseach cùise. At first, the audience will be teacher, aig toiseach cùise, ’s e an tidsear an luchd-amais
first-aid n ciad-fhuasgladh m, gen ciad-fhuasglaidh
first-aid mod 1 ciad-fhuasglaidh. A fully equipped first aid box should be readily available, is còir gum bi bocas ciad-fhuasglaidh làn uidheamaichte deiseil ri làimh
2 a thaobh ciad-fhuasglaidh. There should be at least one adult holding a recognised first-aid certificate on the premises at all times, is còir gum bi co-dhiù aon inbheach aig a bheil teisteanas aithnichte a thaobh ciad-fhuasglaidh daonnan anns an togalach
firth n linne f, pl linneachan or linntean
fish v tr & i iasgaich, vn iasgach m
fishing n iasgach m, gen iasgaich
fishing ground n phr grunnd-iasgaich m, gen grunnd-iasgaich
fish-box n bogsa-èisg m, pl bogsaichean-èisg; or bocas-èisg m, gen & pl bocais-èisg
fishery n
Fishery Protection Service, Feachd f Dìon Iasgaich
fish-farm n tuathanas-èisg m, gen & pl tuathanais-èisg
fish-shop n bùth f èisg, pl bùthan èisg, bùithtean èisg. I saw her in the fish-shop, chunnaic mi i ann am bùth an èisg
fishing-boat n 1 bàta-iasgaich, bàt-iasgaich m, pl bàtaichean-iasgaich
2 eathar-iasgaich m, gen eathair-iasgaich, pl eathraichean-iasgaich
fissible a so-sgoltaidh
fissure n sgoltadh m, gen sgoltaidh, pl sgoltaidhean
fit a gleusta. They are pretty fit, ’s e daoine gu math gleusta a th’ annta
fit v tr 1 freagair air, vn freagairt air. Teachers retain scope and responsibility to choose forms and criteria for assessment that best fit their own programmes, tha fhathast cothrom aig tidsearan, agus uallach orra cuideachd, a bhith a’ taghadh mhodhan agus comharraidhean measaidh mar as fheàrr a fhreagras iad sin air na prògraman aca fhèin
2 cuir a-steach, vn cur a-steach
fitted a air a chur a-steach. All transport used should have forward-facing seats with seat-belts fitted, a thaobh gach seòrsa còmhdhalach a thèid a chur am feum is còir gum bitheadh suidheachain a tha a’ coimhead chon an toisich air fad aca le criosan-sàbhalaidh air an cur a-steach
fittings n 1 (mathematics) co-fhreagairt f
2 (of appliance) acfhainneachd f. A fitting, ball-acfhainneachd
fix v tr ceangail, vn ceangal m
fixed a suidhichte. There are many songs in which it is clearly important that there be a fixed stress at the end of each half-line, tha iomadh òran ann anns a bheil e gu soilleir a’ dèanamh diofar gum bi cudthrom suidhichte aig deireadh a’ chiad leth-shreath
fixing n ceangal m, gen ceangail, pl ceanglaichean
flabby a bog
flag n bratach f, gen brataich, pl brataichean
flake n blèideag f, gen blèideig, pl blèideagan
flame n lasair f, gen lasrach & lasair, pl lasraichean
flash n 1 (a) boillsgeadh m, gen boillsgidh, pl boillsgidhean
(b) boillsg m, gen boillsge, pl boillsgean
flash flood n phr 1 tuil-bheum m, gen tuil-bhèim, pl tuil-bheuman
2 grad-thuil f, pl grad-thuiltean
flash v tr & i boillsg, vn boillsgeadh m
flash-point n lasair-theothachd f
flask n 1 flasg f, pl flasgaichean. Vacuum flask, flasg vacuum
2 buideal m, gen & pl buideil
flat n (accommodation) flat m, pl flataichean. A block of flats, bloca fhlataichean
flat a 1 còmhnard, comp còmhnaird. The flat land by the river, an talamh còmhnard mun abhainn
2 flat. Flat stones, clachan flata
flat out adv expressed with mar do bheatha. He was working flat out, bha e ag obair mar a bheatha. They kept it going flat out, chum iad a’ dol e mar am beatha
flattery n 1 sodal m, gen sodail
2 miodal m, gen miodail
3 sliosmholadh m, gen sliosmholaidh
flavour n blas m, gen blais
flavour enhancer n phr meudaichear-blais, gen meudaicheir-bhlais, pl meudaichearan-blais
fleet n cabhlach m, gen cabhlaich, pl cabhlaichean
flesh out (the details) v tr phr cuir feòil air cnàmhan. They will be required to take upon themselves the task of fleshing out the details of how they will structure and deliver the information, feumaidh iad uallach a ghabhail orra fhèin gus feòil a chur air cnàmhan dealbhachadh agus lìobhraigeadh an fhiosrachaidh
flexibility n 1 so-lùbachd f
2 expressed with cùis f, pl cùisean plus fosgailte. To provide flexibility and ease of use, gus cùisean a dhèanamh fosgailte agus furasta an cur an gnìomh
flexible a 1 fosgailte. Teachers are urged to use the attainment targets which follow in a flexible way, thathar a’ cur ìmpidh air luchd-teagaisg na cuimsean coileanaidh a leanas a chleachdadh ann an dòigh fhosgailte. This will help pupils to discover the need for a flexible and varied vocabulary, cuidichidh seo a’ chlann gu bhith a’ faighinn a-mach gum feum briathrachas a bhith fosgailte agus iomachruthach. The use of an assessment profile should be flexible, tha còir cleachdadh an teisteanais-mheasaidh a bhith fosgailte
2 sùbailte
flexibly adv ann an caochladh dhòighean. They will respond flexibly to the perceived needs of pupils, bidh iad a’ coinneachadh ann an caochladh dhòighean ri feuman na cloinne mar a thathar gam faicinn
flight n turas-adhair m, gen turais-adhair, pl tursan-adhair. Did you enjoy your flight? an do chòrd an turas-adhair riut?
flint n 1 ailbhinn f, gen ailbhinne
2 clach-theine f, gen cloiche-teine
3 breò-chlach f, gen breò-chloiche
flinty a ailbhinneach
flit v i dèan imrich, vn dèanamh imrich
flitting n imrich f
float n fleodragan m, gen fleodragain, pl fleodraganan
float switch n phr suidse f fleod, pl suidseachan fleod
float v i 1 flod, vn flodadh m
2 bi air bhog
3 fan air uachdar (uisge). This experiment helps to demonstrate how oil floats on water, cuidichidh am probhadh seo gus sealltainn mar a dh’fhanas ola air uachdar uisge
floating a 1 air bhog. Floating magnet, magnait air bhog
2 (botany) snàmhach. Floating bur-reed, rìgh-sheisg shnàmhach
flocculation n cnapachadh m
flood n tuil f, pl tuiltean
flood barrier n phr balla-bacaidh m tuile, pl ballachan-bacaidh tuile
flood plain n phr raon-tuile m, pl raointean-tuile
flood v tr tuilich, vn tuileachadh
flooding n tuileachadh m, gen tuileachaidh
floor n làr m, gen làir, pl làir and làran
floor tile n phr leacag f làir, pl leacagan làir
flow n 1 (a) sruth m, gen srutha, pl sruthan
(b) sruthadh m, gen sruthaidh, pl sruthaidhean. Flow wheel, cuibhle shruthaidh
2 expressed with dòigh f shiùbhlach. With the aim being to help pupils build up an easy flow, a’ cuimseachadh air clann a chuideachadh gus dòigh shaor shiùbhlach a thogail
flow chart n phr sruth-chairt f, pl sruth-chairtean
flow diagram n phr sruth-dhiagram m, pl sruth-dhiagraman
flow map n phr sruth-mhap m, pl sruth-mhapaichean
flowchart n clàr-srutha m, gen & pl clàir-srutha. Simple flowcharts, clàir-srutha shìmplidh
flower n 1 flùr m, gen flùir, pl flùraichean
2 dìthean m, gen dìthein, pl dìtheanan
flower cutting n phr flùr m geàrrte, pl flùraichean geàrrte
flower bed n phr ceapach m fhlùraichean, gen & pl ceapaich fhlùraichean
fluency n 1 fileantachd f. Teachers will ensure that pupils acquire fluency as quickly as possible, bidh tidsearan a’ dèanamh cinnteach gu bheil a’ chlann a’ tighinn gu fileantachd cho luath ’s a ghabhas. Tape recording can help pupils hear how fluency aids the conveying of meaning, cuidichidh teiprecòrdadh a’ chlann gu bhith a’ cluinntinn mar tha fileantachd a’ cuideachadh ann a bhith a’ cur brìgh an cèill
2 expressed with siùbhlach a. Read with some fluency, a’ leughadh car siùbhlach. Read with fluency, a’ leughadh gu siùbhlach
oral fluency n phr comas m labhairt. To enable pupils to acquire oral fluency in Gaelic, gus comas a thoirt do chloinn comas labhairt a thogail anns a’ Ghàidhlig
fluent a 1 fileanta. For fluent Gaelic-speaking pupils, do chloinn a tha fileanta sa Ghàidhlig
2 siùbhlach. Employ a fluent, legible style of handwriting, a’ cleachdadh stoidhle làmh-sgrìobhaidh a tha siùbhlach agus furasta a leughadh
fluent speaker n phr 1 fileantach m, gen & pl fileantaich. Gaelic for fluent speakers, Gàidhlig do dh’fhileantaich. Programmes for fluent speakers, prògraman airson fileantach. Secondary Fluent Speakers’ classes, clasaichean Fhileantach anns an àrdsgoil
2 expressed with fileanta a. Who are fluent speakers of Gaelic in bilingual schools, a tha fileanta sa Ghàidhlig agus iad ann an sgoiltean dà-chànanach. In the case of children who are not fluent Gaelic speakers, a thaobh clann aig nach eil Gàidhlig fhileanta
fluently a gu fileanta. Writing fluently, a bhith a’ sgrìobhadh gu fileanta
fluffy a 1 molach
2 motanach
fluid n 1 (a) lionnach f, gen lionnaich, pl lionnaichean. Body fluids, lionnaichean cuirp. This marking fluid was originally red ochre, ’s e òcair ruadh a bha anns an lionnach-chomharrachaidh seo an toiseach
(b) lionn m, gen lionna, pl lionntan
2 (science) silteachd f
fluid a silteach
flunkey n sgalag m, gen sgalaig, pl sgalagan
fluorescent a sruth-shoillseach
fluoride n fluoraid f
flush v tr sruthail, vn sruthladh m. Toilet flush pipe, pìob shruthlaidh toileit
flutter v i bi a’ sgiathalaich
fly v i 1 sgèith, vn sgèith f. If you flew directly over the house you would see the plan view, nan sgèitheadh tu dìreach os cionn an taighe chitheadh tu an sealladh plana
2 sgiathaich, vn sgiathadh m
3 sgiathalaich, vn sgiathalaich f
4 itealaich, vn itealaich f
5 falbh air iteig, vn falbh air iteig
flying shuttle n phr spàl m siubhlach
fly-leaf n eadar-dhuilleag f, gen eadar-dhuilleig. Using title, contents page and fly-leaf, a’ cleachdadh an tiotail, a’ chlàir-innse agus na h-eadar-dhuilleig
foam n 1 cobhar m, gen cobhair
2 cop m, gen coip and cuip
focus n 1 expressed with ùidh f. A single activity may provide a short-term focus, faodaidh aona ghnìomh ùidh a thogail car greiseig
2 expressed with ann an teis mheadhan. An animal may become a focus for imagined events, faodaidh ainmhidh a thighinn gu bhith ann an teis mheadhan nithean a tha a’ tachairt anns a. mhac-mheanmna
3 expressed with buail air, vn bualadh air. It should be emphasised that the content will be the first focus for assessment, dh’fheumte a sheulachadh gur ann air susbaint a bhithear a’ bualadh airson measaidh anns a’ chiad dol-a-mach
4 fòcas m, gen fòcais. As a teaching focus, mar fhòcas do theagasg
lens focus n phr fòcas m lionsa
focus v tr 1 thoir aire, vn toirt aire. And intervening only as necessary to focus the group on their task, agus a’ tighinn a-staigh don chùis a-mhàin an uair a tha e riatanach aire na buidhne a thoirt a dh’ionnsaigh na dreuchd. The teacher should focus on spelling, tha còir aig an tidsear aire thoirt do litreachadh
2 expressed with thoir plus sònraichte. It will help to allow the teacher to focus attention on particular aspects of the situation, bidh e na chuideachadh gus cothrom a thoirt don tidsear aire shònraichte a thoirt do nithean àraidh anns an t-suidheachadh
3 cuimsich, vn cuimseachadh. The teacher can focus on texts before reading, faodaidh an tidsear a bhith a’ cuimseachadh air teacsaichean mus leughar
4 leag, vn leagail f. Understanding what is required of them enables pupils to focus their minds on how to meet it, tha tuigse air na thathar a’ sùileachadh orra a’ toirt cothroim don chloinn an inntinn a leagail air mar a choileanas iad sin
fodder n 1 fodar m, gen fodair
2 biadhadh m, gen biadhaidh. Cattle fodder, biadhadh cruidh
foetus n ginean m, gen ginein, pl gineanan
fog n ceò m & f
foil n 1 sgragall m, gen sgragaill. Tinfoil, sgragall staoine. Gold foil, sgragall òir
2 foidhl f. Gold foil, foidhl òir
fold n (enclosure) buaile f, pl buailtean
fold n filleadh m, gen fillidh, pl fillidhean
fold mountains n phr beanntaichean f pl iom-fhillte
fold v tr fill, vn filleadh m
folded a fillte. Folded together, fillte ri chèile
folding n filleadh m, gen fillidh, pl fillidhean
fold v tr crò, vn cròthadh m. The ground here has been enriched by folding animals within it at certain seasons, chaidh an talamh an seo a dhèanamh na bu thorraiche le bhith a’ cròthadh bheathaichean a-staigh ann aig amannan sònraichte
folder n pasgan m, gen pasgain, pl pasganan
folk n 1 daoine m pl
2 muinntir f
3 tuath f, gen tuatha
folk tale n phr 1 uirsgeul m, gen uirsgeoil, pl uirsgeulan
2 mith-sgeul m, gen mith-sgeòil, pl mith-sgeulan
folklore n 1 beul-aithris f
2 beul-oideas m, gen beul-oideis
folk-song n mith-òran m, gen & pl mith-òrain
follow v tr & i 1 lean, vn leantainn m. Teachers are urged to use the attainment targets which follow in a flexible way, thathar a’ cur ìmpidh air luchd-teagaisg na cuimsean coileanaidh a leanas a chleachdadh ann an dòigh fhosgailte. The programmes of study which follow provide some teaching and learning approaches, tha na Clàran Oideachaidh a leanas a’ tairgse cuid de dhòighean teagaisg agus ionnsachaidh. Following this trail will help you examine other areas too, le bhith a’ leantainn na slighe seo cuidichidh i thu gu bhith a’ gabhail beachd air àiteachan eile cuideachd
2 expressed with faigh oideachadh. Who have not followed a Gaelic-medium or similar programme, nach d’fhuair oideachadh tron Ghàidhlig no a leithid sin
3 expressed with aig. It is essential that the programs of study they follow should keep pace with their developing interests, tha e do-sheachnaichte riatanach gum bi na clàran oideachaidh aca a’ dol a rèir nan nithean anns a bheil iad a’ gabhail ùidh mar a tha iad a’ fàs nas sine
4 expressed with feuch v. They cannot identify all the possible approaches to be followed, chan eil rian aca air a h-uile dòigh obrach a ghabhas fheuchainn a chomharrachadh
to follow v phr expressed with as dèidh seo. Both at this stage and those to follow, aig an ìre seo agus na h-ìrean as dèidh seo
following n 1 na leanas. Providing such opportunities will involve the following, ann a bhith a’ tairgse a leithid seo bidh feum air na leanas
2 expressed with a bhith a’ leantainn. Through following the programmes of study, le bhith a’ leantainn nan clàran oideachaidh. By following such a model, le bhith a’ leantainn na h-eisimpleir seo
following a 1 ath. The attainment targets described in the following section, na cuimsean coileanaidh a tha air an cur a-mach anns an ath earrainn
2 a leanas. For the following purposes, airson nan adhbhar a leanas. Each of the following issues is given further attention in Part 3, tha an tuilleadh aire air a toirt ann am Pàirt 3 do gach cùis a leanas. The following approach to drafting might be used, tha còir na dòighean a leanas a chleachdadh ann an dreachdadh
3 expressed with mar a leanas. The following ranges of activities might be undertaken in each of the outcomes, dh’fhaoidte caochladh ghnìomhan, mar a leanas, a ghabhail os làimh anns gach aon de na builean
4 expressed with seo. The attainment targets are based on the following descriptions of levels of attainment, tha na cuimsean coileanaidh air am bonntachadh air na cunntasan seo air ìrean coileanaidh. Using the computer will enable the following language activities, bheir cleachdadh a’ choimpiutair cothrom air na gnìomhan cànain seo a chur air adhart
follow-up a expressed with as dèidh làimh. The teacher will help pupils to benefit from these by preparatory briefing and follow-up discussion, bheir an tidsear cuideachadh don chloinn gus buannachd fhaotainn asta sin le bhith gan ullachadh ro làimh agus le beachdachadh as dèidh làimh
folly n 1 amaideas m, gen amaideis
2 faoineas m, gen faoineis
3 gòraiche f
4 baoghaltachd f
fond a bàidheil (of, ri)
fondness n bàidh f
font n clò m, pl clòdhan. By using different fonts and layouts, le bhith a’ cleachdadh diofar chlòdhan ’s dhòighean-rian
food n biadh m, gen bidhe, bìdh, pl biadhan. Food and drink, biadh agus deoch. What kinds of food can you buy in the shop? dè na seòrsaichean bìdh a gheibh thu ri cheannach anns a’ bhùth?
food mod bidhe. Food items, gnothaichean bidhe
food chain n phr sreath-bhidhe f, gen sreath-bidhe, pl sreathan-bidhe
food crop n phr pòr-bidhe m, gen pòir-bhidhe, pl pòran-bidhe; bàrr-bidhe m, pl barran-bidhe
food cycle n phr cearcall-bidhe m, pl cearcaill-bhidhe
fool n amadan m, gen & pl amadain
foolish a 1 amaideach, comp amaidiche
2 faoin, comp faoine
3 gòrach, comp gòraiche
4 baoghalta
foolishness n 1 amaideas m, gen amaideis
2 faoineas m, gen faoineis. The bard could not be accused of concealing his own foolishness over drink, cha b’ urrainnear a chur as leth a’ bhàird gum bitheadh e a’ cleith fhaoineis fhèin mun deoch
3 gòraiche f
4 baoghaltachd f
foot n 1 cas f, gen coise, pl casan
2 (measure) troigh f, gen troighe, pl troighean
3 (prosody) troigh f, gen troighe, pl troighean. A dactylic foot, troigh dhactaileach. An iambic foot, troigh iambach. A paeanic foot, troigh phaeanach. A spondaic foot, troigh spoindèach. A trochaic foot, troigh thròiceach. The caesura sometimes comes after a dactylic foot, and sometines after a trochaic foot, tha an caesur uaireannan a’ tighinn an dèidh troighe dactailich, agus uaireannan an dèidh troighe tròicich
4 (base) bun m, gen buna or buin, pl buin or bunan
by foot adv phr de chois. People travelling by foot, daoine a tha a’ siubhal don cois (or den cois)
football n ball-coise m, gen & pl buill-choise
footnote n 1 eàrr-nota f, pl eàrr-notaichean
2 bonn-nota f, pl bonn-notaichean
foot-plough n 1 cas-chrom f, gen coise-cruime, dat cois-chruim, pl casan-croma
2 cas-chaibe f, gen coise-caibe, dat cois-chaibe, pl casan-caibe. The enclosure had been just dug over with spade or foot-plough, chaidh an t-àite-iadhaidh dìreach a ruamhar leis a’ chaibe-ruamhair no leis a’ chois-chaibe
footwear n caisbheart f. It is essential that stout footwear be worn, tha e riatanach gum bi caisbheart làidir ga caitheamh
for prep 1 (a) airson (plus gen). For Donald, airson Dhòmhnaill. For Mary, airson Màiri. For me, air mo shon. For it, air a shon, or air a son. We did what we could for him, rinn sinn na b’ urrainn dhuinn air a shon. Either for gaelic medium or learners, an dàrna cuid airson meadhan na Gàidhlig no airson luchd-ionnsachaidh. For the following purposes, airson nan adhbhar a leanas. Pupils should be encouraged to read for enjoyment, is còir a’ chlann a mhisneachadh gu bhith a’ leughadh airson toileachaidh dhaibh fhèin. A term for describing these surface features of their writing, briathar airson iomradh a dhèanamh air na nithean faicsinneach a bhuineas don chuid sgrìobhaidh. By participating in discussion on the kinds of things to be listened for, le bhith a’ gabhail pàirt ann am beachdachadh air na seòrsachan nithean as còir èisteachd air an son
(b) (when preceding gerund or infinitive construction in English) airson without genitive. He is preparing for its being (or for it to be) a part of the university, tha e ag ullachadh airson i bhith na pàirt den oilthigh
2 air (plus dat). For that reason, air an adhbhar sin. For such reasons, air na h-adhbhair sin. I bought this for ten pounds, cheannaich mi seo air deich not. What is the Gaelic for this? dè a’ Ghàidhlig a tha air an seo? About learning and teaching for pupils with learning difficulties, mu ionnsachadh agus teagasg air clann aig a bheil duilgheadasan ionnsachaidh. The purposes for which they are normally used, na h-adhbhair air an cur gu feum anns a’ chumantas. Pupils will read to find and handle information for a range of purposes, bidh sgoilearan a’ leughadh ach an lorg ’s an làimhsich iad fiosrachadh air sreath adhbhairean. Sequence can be developed by drawing a series of pictures and writing a sentence for each one, faodar òrdugh a thoirt air adhart le bhith a’ tarraing sreath dhealbh agus a’ sgrìobhadh seantans air gach aon dhiubh
3 air sgàth (plus gen). For its economic potential, air sgàth na dh’fhaodas i a thoirt gu ìre ann an cùisean eacanomaigeach
4 às leth (plus gen). The teacher may scribe for pupils, faodaidh an tidsear a bhith a’ sgrìobhadh às leth na cloinne
5 gus. It is the oral outcomes that will provide the main basis for thinking about experiences, ’s e cainnt-bheòil a’ phrìomh stèidh gus smaoineachadh mu nithean a dh’fhiosraich iad. Sound is a general term for use in discussion, ’s e briathar coitcheann a tha ann am fuaim gus a chleachdadh ann am beachdachadh. If pupils’ opinions are displayed for others to read, ma tha barailean na cloinne air an taisbeanadh gus an leugh càch iad. A bank of the most commonly used functional words can be built for pupils to use for spelling, faodar tasgadh a dhèanamh air na faclan gnìomhachail as trice thathar a’ cleachdadh, gus a’ chlann an cur am feum airson litreachaidh
6 gu. Pupils and teacher can agree on a checklist or grid which will be used for noting and recording observations, faodaidh an tidsear agus a’ chlann aontachadh air liosta-dearbhaidh no air clèith a bhithear a’ cleachdadh gu bhith a’ gabhail cunntais air beachdan
7 (a) do (plus dat). It will be appropriate for pupils to give information, bidh e iomchaidh don chloinn fiosrachadh a thoirt. For some schools this might compensate for the absence of opportunities to engage in social interaction, faodaidh sin do chuid a sgoiltean seasamh an àite cothroman nach eil aca gus a bhith a’ dol an sàs ann an co-luadar sòisealta
(b) expressed with a thoirt do. They advise 20% of class time for enrichment and pupil choice, tha iad a’ comhairleachadh 20% den ùine anns a’ chlas a thoirt do leudachadh foghlaim agus do roghainn na cloinne
8 (a) aig (plus dat). With different weightings for particular stages, le cudthrom eadar-dhealaichte aig ìrean àraidh. The support infrastructure for it is in the process of being developed, tha an cùl-taice aige fhathast ga leasachadh
(b) expressed with a bhitheas aig. Commitment to implementing the group’s Equal Opportunities Policy will form part of the job description for all workers, bithidh gealltanas a thaobh a bhith a’ cur an gnìomh Poileasaidh Co-ionannachd Chothroman na buidhne mar phàirt den tuairisgeul obrach a bhitheas aig gach neach-obrach
9 an prep (plus dat). For most pupils this will be reached, ruigear seo anns a’ chuid mhòir de chloinn. The curriculum must establish the setting for the growth of appreciation in these vital areas of the Gaelic experience, feumaidh an clàr-teagaisg na crìochan a shuidheachadh anns am bi tuigse a’ fàs air na raointean ro-chudthromach seo de dh’fhiosrachadh na Gàidhlig
10 le (plus dat). Applications of the computer for them are noted elsewhere, tha cunntas air a thoirt an àite eile air mar a chleachdar an coimpiutar leothasan
11 a chum (plus gen). Perhaps things are kept from us for our good, dh’fhaodadh gu bheil rudan air an cumail bhuainn a chum ar maith
12 mu choinneamh (plus gen). To plan and provide for children’s needs, gus ullachadh a dhèanamh mu choinneamh feuman chloinne
13 fad (plus gen). He will withdraw for much of the time, bidh e a’ tarraing a-mach às a’ chùis fad mòran ùine
14 a thaobh (plus gen). To be discussed for their effects on meaning, agus bithear a’ beachdachadh orra a thaobh na buaidh a tha aca air brìgh. It is of importance for Gaelic in promoting pupils’ listening and thinking, tha e cudthromach a thaobh na Gàidhlig ann a bhith a’ cur air adhart èisteachd agus smaoineachadh chloinne
15 ann an sealladh (plus gen). Television presents views of the world which are determined by non-Gaelic concerns and which, for some children, seem more “modern” and therefore more attractive, tha an telebhisean a’ cur fa chomhair dhaoine seallaidhean den t-saoghal a tha air am bonntachadh air nithean nach buin don Ghàidhlig agus a tha ann an sealladh cuid de chloinn nas “ùr-fhasanta” agus mar sin nas tarraingiche
16 expressed with gu, gum, gun conj. It is important for pupils to “question” the information source, tha e cudthromach gum bi a’ chlann a’ “ceasnachadh” air an teacsa fiosrachaidh
17 expressed with anns am bi. Thus in teaching pupils to tell the first part of a ghost story which is to create the setting for mysterious happenings, mar sin, ann a bhith ag ionnsachadh don chloinn mar a sgrìobhas iad a’ chiad phàirt de stòiridh mu thaibhseachan gus suidheachadh a thoirt am bith anns am bi nithean neònach a’ tachairt
18 expressed with a tha a’ cur feum air. To identify areas for further development, gus ròs fhaighinn air na raointean a tha a’ cur feum air an tuilleadh leasachaidh
19 expressed with a chuir. The socio-economic reasons for the dispersal of Gaelic-speaking people to the Commonwealth, na h-adhbhair shòiseo-eacanomaigeach a chuir sgapadh air sluagh na Gàidhlig don Cho-Fhlaitheas
20 expressed with gus dèanamh. Learning how text can be organised for readability increases awareness of audience, a bhith ag ionnsachadh mar a ghabhas teacsa a chur air dòigh gus a dhèanamh so-leughte, cuiridh sin ri mothachadh air luchd-amais
21 expressed with gum faigh. The candidate has pledged her total support to ensure secure status for the Gaelic language, tha an tagraiche air a làn thaic a ghealltainn gus dèanamh cinnteach gum faigh an cànan Gàidhlig inbhe thèarainte
22 expressed with gen. From such approaches, schools will create appropriate contexts for learning, is ann às a leithid sin de dhòighean obrach a chruthaicheas sgoiltean suidhichidhean freagarrach foghlaim. Contexts for Listening, suidhichidhean Èisteachd. Contexts for talk, suidhichidhean labhairt. The purpose and audience for writing of this nature, adhbhar agus luchd-amais an leithid seo de sgrìobhadh
23 not directly expressed. For these pupils reading and writing will usually start later than for fluent speakers of Gaelic, bidh a’ chlann sin nas fhaide gun tòiseachadh air leughadh ’s air sgrìobhadh, anns a’ chumantas, na feadhainn a tha fileanta sa Ghàidhlig. It is more profitable in the long run for the houses to be improved, tha e nas prothaidiche aig a’ cheann thall na taighean a bhith air an leasachadh. For many pupils the experience of hearing stories read aloud will be encountered for the first time as part of the school’s early reading programme, ’s ann mar phàirt de thùs-phrògram leughaidh na sgoile a bhitheas an deagh chuid de phàisdean a’ chiad uair nam beatha a’ cluinntinn stòiridhean air an leughadh a-mach. Pupils should set questions for themselves and others to answer, bu chòir don chloinn ceistean a chur ri chèile a fhreagras iad fhèin agus feadhainn eile. For those who have attained Level E work should continue in a progressive fashion, iadsan a tha air Ìre E a choileanadh, tha còir gun leanadh an obair aca ann an dòigh adhartach
for instance conj phr mar eisimpleir
for which, for whom prep phr 1 airson plus dep form of v. Pupils should look for evidence in the text of the purposes for which it was made, bu chòir do chloinn coimhead airson dearbhaidh anns an teacsa air na h-adhbharan airson an deach a dhèanamh
2 do plus dep form of v
3 a rel pron plus do. The specific audiences for which texts have been designed, an luchd-amais sònraichte a chaidh na teacsaichean a dheilbh dhaibh
4 a rel pron plus ri. The specific audiences for whom texts would be of appeal, an luchd-amais sònraichte a chòrdadh na teacsaichean riutha
forbid v tr toirmisg, vn toirmeasg m
force n 1 (physics) fòrsa m, pl fòrsaichean. Force and energy, fòrsa agus lùth
2 neart m, gen neirt, pl neartan. Wind force, neart gaoithe. Gale force ten, gèile neart a deich
force v tr 1 spàrr, vn sparradh m. Sheets of lava forced through the rock along its bedding planes, siotachan làbha a chaidh a sparradh tron chreig anns na leapannan-clàir aice
2 thoir air, vn toirt air. The police used water cannon to force the demonstrators to disperse, chleachd am poileas canain-uisge airson toirt air na daoine a bha a’ togail fianais sgaoileadh
ford n àth m, pl àthan
forearm n ruighe m & f, pl ruighean
forecaster n
weather forecaster n phr tuairmsear m sìde, gen tuairmseir shìde, pl tuairmsearan sìde
forehead n bathais f, pl bathaisean
foreign a 1 cèin. Reduction in the number of foreign boats, lùghdachadh air an àireimh de bhàtaichean cèin
2 coimheach
3 coigreach
foreigner n coigreach m, gen & pl coigrich
foresee v tr 1 faic ro làimh, vn faicinn f ro làimh
2 faic, vn faicinn f
forest n 1 coille f, pl coilltean. Evergreen forests, coilltean sìor-ghorm
2 mòr-choille f, pl mòr-choilltean
forester n coilltear m, gen coillteir, pl coilltearan
forestry n coilltearachd f
foreword n 1 facal-toisich m, gen facail-toisich
2 ro-ràdh m, gen ro-ràidh, pl ro-ràdhan
forge v tr dèan, vn dèanamh m. Forge strong links with the language and culture that children bring to school, dlùth cheangal a dhèanamh ris a’ chànain agus ris an dualchas a tha a’ chlann a’ toirt don sgoil
forget v tr dìochuimhnich, vn dìochuimhneachadh m. You forget those things when you go out with a dog, tha thu a’ dìochuimhneachadh nan rudan sin nuair a thèid thu a-mach le cù
fork n forc f, gen forca, pl forcan and forcaichean
fork v i
forked a gobhlach. Forked lightning, dealanach gobhlach
form n 1 seòrsa m, pl seòrsachan. In all forms of daily interaction, anns gach seòrsa de cho-luadar làitheil. Pupils will be given opportunities to associate listening with other forms of communication, bidh a’ chlann a’ faighinn cothroim air èisteachd a cho-chur ri seòrsachan eile de chonaltradh. Appropriate forms might include letters or reports of events, dh’fhaodadh litrichean no iomraidhean air nithean a thachair a bhith am measg nan seòrsachan iomchaidh. According to the particular requirements of pupils in a variety of forms of educational provision, a rèir nam feuman fa leth aig cloinn ann an caochladh sheòrsachan foghlaim
2 cruth m, pl cruthan. In list or note form, ann an cruth liostaichean no notaichean. The study of genre helps pupils to see how the form and content of distinctive types of texts reflect their underlying purposes, cuidichidh beachdachadh air gnè a’ chlann gu bhith a’ tuigsinn mar tha cruth sheòrsachan àraidh de theacsaichean, agus na bheil annta, a’ comharrachadh nan adhbhar a tha air an cùl. Identify features of form and content, a’ cur aithne air comharraidhean cruth is susbaint. The form of assessment of these ideas should be one which allows pupils to record their understandings, tha còir aig cruth measadh nam bun-smuaintean seo cothrom a thoirt don chloinn a bhith a’ dèanamh iomraidh air na nithean a tha iad a’ tuigsinn. The range of forms and structures will extend through books and poetry, leudaichear air na cruthan agus na structairean tro leabhraichean is bàrdachd. As pupils acquire experience across a wide variety of forms, mar a tha a’ chlann a’ fàs nas eòlaiche feadh mòran sheòrsachan chruth
3 modh m, pl modhan or modhannan. Some pupils may demonstrate their attainment by using alternative forms of communication, faodaidh cuid a bhith a’ nochdadh na bheil iad air a choileanadh le bhith a’ cleachdadh modhan conaltraidh eadar-dhealaichte. Write briefly in an appropriate form, a’ sgrìobhadh gu geàrr ann am modh iomchaidh. In a variety of forms, ann an caochladh mhodhannan. How spoken language differs from written forms, mar tha cainnt-bheòil eadar-dhealaichte ri modhan sgrìobhte. A greater variety of texts including dialect forms, barrachd sheòrsachan theacsaichean, nan lùib modhan dualchainnte. As pupils learn to refine the meaning of their writing and to extend the forms and styles they employ, mar tha a’ chlann ag ionnsachadh loinn a chur air brìgh an cuid sgrìobhaidh agus leudachadh a dhèanamh air na modhan agus na stoidhlichean a tha iad a’ cleachdadh. A wider range of research procedures for a variety of forms of functional writing, barrachd de dhòighean rannsachaidh airson caochladh mhodhannan de sgrìobhadh gnìomhachail
4 expressed with modh m agus cruth m. Texts taken from a wide range of sources, varying in length, complexity of language and form, teacsaichean a thugadh à mòran sheòrsachan màthair-uisge agus iad eadar-dhealaichte ann am faid, ann am ioma-fhillteachd cànain agus ann am modh ’s an cruth
5 dòigh f, pl dòighean. It is important to recognise that the form of assessment has to match the aims of the teaching process, tha e cudthromach a thuigsinn gum bi an dòigh anns a bheilear a’ measadh ann an dàimh ri amasan teagaisg. Beginnings in fiction now take different forms, tha caochladh dhòighean a-nis air tòiseachadh ann am ficsean. In the categorization of forms of talk they encounter, ann a bhith a’ seòrsadh dòighean labhairt a bhitheas a’ tighinn nan rathad. Programmes which will provide contexts in which pupils will be asked to write in a variety of forms, prògraman le suidhichidhean anns am bithear ag iarraidh air a’ chloinn a bhith a’ sgrìobhadh ann an caochladh dhòighean. Pupils will use language in appropriate forms of presentation, bidh a’ chlann a’ cleachdadh cànain ann an dòighean taisbeanaidh freagarrach
6 gnàthas m, pl gnàthasan. To listen to texts to notice unfamiliar vocabulary and forms, èisteachd ri teacsaichean gus aire thoirt do bhriathrachas agus do ghnàthasan nach eilear eòlach orra
7 riochd m, pl riochdan. To give these thoughts a written form, gus na smaointean sin a chur ann an riochd sgrìobhaidh. The language programme may take the form of a progressive language course, faodaidh am prògram cànain a bhith ann an riochd cùrsa cànain a tha a’ dol air adhart ceum air ceum. The form of the noun, riochd an ainmeir
8 cumadh m, gen cumaidh, pl cumaidhean. The teacher should be involved in overseeing content, organisation and form, tha còir aig an tidsear a bhith a’ gabhail pàirt ann a bhith a’ cumail sùil air susbaint, air rian agus air cumadh. The combination of purpose, form and readership, adhbhar, cumadh agus luchd-amais, an co-bhonn ri chèile. Dialogues in script form, còmhraidhean ann an cumadh sgriobta. The teacher will take time to ensure that pupils lay out their writing in a neat form, cuiridh an tidsear ùine seachad a’ dèanamh cinnteach gu bheil a’ chlann a’ cur cruth air an cuid sgrìobhaidh ann an cumadh sgiobalta. These stimuli may come in a variety of forms, faodaidh na brosnachaidhean seo a bhith ann an caochladh chumaidhean. The pronominal forms are as follows, tha na cumaidhean riochdaireil mar a leanas
9 expressed with a leithid. The present guidelines give scope for this form of organisation, tha an stiùireadh seo a’ toirt cothroim air a leithid seo de riaghladh
10 (document) (a) foirm m, pl foirmean; furm m, gen fuirm, pl fuirm, fuirmean. An order form, foirm òrdain, furm òrdain
(b) bileag, gen bileig, pl bileagan. An order form, bileag òrdain
dependent form n phr gram riochd m eisimeileach
independent form n phr gram riochd m neo-eisimeileach
in the form of prep phr 1 air chumadh. Whether in the form of a structured course or of banks of materials, an dàrna cuid air chumadh cùrsa dheasaichte no bhancaichean de stuthan
2 ann an riochd
form I v tr 1 cum, vn cumadh m. Form letters and space words, a’ cumadh litrichean agus a’ cur a-mach fhaclan
2 cruthaich, vn cruthachadh m. Contexts which will combine to form a carefully sequenced programme, suidhichidhean a bhitheas a’ tighinn còmhla gus prògram a chruthachadh a bhitheas air òrdachadh gu cùramach. Where rivers ran underneath the ice linear ridges of sand and gravel known as eskers were formed, far an robh aibhnichean a’ ruith fon eigh chaidh dromannan sreathach de ghainmheach is de ghrinneal a chruthachadh ris an canar eisgirean
3 dèan, vn dèanamh m. The mounds are formed from material that was dumped in these moraines as the glacier melted, tha na tomannan air an dèanamh de stuth a chaidh fhàgail na dhùn anns na morainean seo nuair a bha an t-eigh-shruth a’ leaghadh. The wall was formed from two rings of stones, rinneadh am balla de dhà chearcall de chlachan
4 (a) bi. Such study might also form a basis for employment in the expanding range of media industries. Dh’fhaodadh a leithid seo de bheachdachadh a bhith na bunait airson dreuchd a ghabhail ann an gnìomhachais nam meadhan, a tha a’ sìor leudachadh. Drawings which will be elaborated to provide detail and form the basis of a story, dealbhan a bhithear a’ leudachadh orra gus làn fhiosrachadh a thoirt seachad agus gus a bhith nam màthair-adhbhair aig stòiridh. Commitment to implementing the group’s Equal Opportunities Policy will form part of the job description for all workers, bithidh gealltanas a thaobh a bhith a’ cur an gnìomh Poileasaidh Co-ionannachd Chothroman na buidhne mar phàirt den tuairisgeul obrach a bhitheas aig gach neach-obrach
(b) expressed with bi plus an prep. It is for these reasons that they form the framework to be developed in Part 1, sin as adhbhar iad a bhith sa bheairt a tha ri leasachadh ann am Pàirt 1
5 is copula. These rocks form the oldest undisturbed sediments in Britain, ’s iad na creagan seo na grùidean neo-ghluaiste as sine ann am Breatainn
6 tionndaidh, vn tionndadh m. How was coal formed into a rock? ciamar a chaidh gual a thionndadh na chreig?
II form v i thig am bith. Make a list of times when you can see water drops forming, dèan liosta de dh’uairean an uair a chì thu boinnean uisge a’ tighinn am bith
form the basis of v phr 1 expressed with bi plus bunait aig. The professional judgements which will form the basis of the report to parents, am breithneachadh proifeiseanta a bhitheas na bhunait aig an aithris do phàrantan
2 expressed with is plus stèidh plus gen. These recommendations form the basis of our policy, is iad na molaidhean seo stèidh ar poileasaidh
to form v phr expressed with rud a dhèanadh. The rafters rested on the outer wall to form a conical structure, bha na cabair nan laighe air taobh a-muigh a’ bhaile, rud a dhèanadh structar cònach
formed a expressed with cumadh m, gen cumaidh, pl cumaidhean. Developing from exploratory work into more fully formed and organised outcomes, a’ fàs à obair rannsachaidh a dh’ionnsaigh thoraidhean air a bheil an tuilleadh cumaidh agus eagrachaidh
formed by prep phr 1 expressed with a rel plus dèan, vn dèanamh. Beyond the cliff formed by the ridge of rock one arrives at a large hill-field, seachad air a’ chreagan a tha an druim creige a’ dèanamh an seo thigear gu achadh mòr
2 expressed with a rel plus fàg, vn fàgail. The moraines formed by the melting glaciers are particularly evident in this area, tha na morainean a dh’fhàg na h-eigh-shruthan is iad a’ leaghadh gu h-àraidh follaiseach mun seo
formed of prep phr dèante de. The lack of gables suggests the upper walls were formed of turf, chan eil tulachainnean air agus mar sin bidh e coltach gur ann de dh’fhàl a bha bràigh nam ballachan dèante
formal a foirmeil. More emphasis should be given to effective communication than to formal accuracy, bu chòir barrachd àite thoirt do chonaltradh buadhmhor na do chòmhradh a tha foirmeil agus ceart. Class debates could offer more formal contexts, dh’fhaodadh deasbadan anns a’ chlas suidhichidhean na b’fhoirmeile a thoirt seachad. For more formal aspects of classroom business, airson na cùisean car foirmeil a tha a’ dol anns an rum-theagaisg
formally adv gu foirmeil. Handwriting skills will be formally taught, bidh sgilean làmh-sgrìobhaidh air an teagasg gu foirmeil. Contexts which will give opportunities to monitor, or more formally assess, the progress of individual pupils, suidhichidhean a bhitheas a’ toirt cothroim gus sùil a chumail air adhartas chloinne fa leth, no gus sin a mheasadh nas foirmeile
formality n 1 foirmealachd f. In language registers and with degrees of formality that will depend on the writer’s familiarity with the target readership, ann am modhan cànain agus aig ìrean foirmealachd a bhitheas a’ dol a rèir ’s dè an t-eòlas a tha aig an sgrìobhadair air a luchd-amais. These tasks will be marked by some structure or formality, bidh na gnìomhan seo air an comharrachadh le tomhas structair no foirmealachd
2 expressed with foirmeil. The increased formality of the situation will require that the teacher gives support, mar a tha an suidheachadh a’ fàs nas foirmeile feumaidh an tidsear taic a thoirt
format n 1 modh m, pl modhan. This will help pupils explore formats and their effects, cuidichidh seo a’ chlann gus modhan agus a’ bhuaidh a tha aca a rannsachadh
2 expressed with modh- m, pl modhan-. Pupils will use audio-visual formats of presentation, bidh a’ chlann a’ cleachdadh modhan-taisbeanaidh lèir-chlaistinneach
3 dòigh f, pl dòighean. Pupils will explore a variety of presentational formats, bidh a’ chlann a’ rannsachadh caochladh dhòighean taisbeanaidh
4 expressed with dòigh- f, pl dòighean-. In providing formats for attractive presentation, ann a bhith a’ toirt cothroim air dòighean-foillseachaidh sealltanach
5 cruth. Pupils will explore the relationships between format, meaning and audience, bidh a’ chlann a’ rannsachadh an dàimh a tha eadar cruth agus brìgh agus luchd-amais
formation n expressed with a bhith a’ cumadh. Pupils will be introduced systematically to letter formation, cuirear a’ chlann ann an dòigh riaghailteach an greim ann a bhith a’ cumadh litrichean
former a a dh’fhalbh. Interviews with older people will give a picture of former ways of life, bheir còmhraidhean ri seann daoine dealbh dhuinn air dòighean-beatha a dh’fhalbh
formula n 1 foirmle f, pl foirmlichean. This may be represented by the formula, formulae, faodar seo a riochdachadh leis an fhoirmle, leis na foirmlichean
2 briathar m, pl briathran. While most pupils will begin to use conventional formulae in Gaelic from an early stage, ged a bhitheas a’ mhòrchuid de chloinn a’ tòiseachadh air briathran cumanta ann an Gàidhlig a chleachdadh agus iad gu math òg
3 expressed with foirmeil a. To assist them, they may need linguistic formulae, ’s dòcha gum bi feum aca sin air cuideachadh le ràdhan foirmeil. Linguistic formulae can be provided, faodar abairtean foirmeil a thoirt dhaibh
4 abairt f, pl abairtean. A range of simple courtesy formulas, sreath de dh’abairtean-modha sìmplidh. Pupils will understand courtesy formulae, bidh a’ chlann a’ tuigsinn abairtean modh
5 ràdh m, pl ràdhan. Pupils will use courtesy formulae, bidh a’ chlann a’ cleachdadh ràdhan modh
6 not directly expressed. Use courtesy formulas, a’ fàilteachadh cach a chèile
formulation n expressed with mar a rachadh … a dheasachadh. To advise on the formulation of national curriculum guidelines, comhairle a theirgsinn air mar a rachadh stiùireadh nàiseanta air a’ chlàr-teagaisg a dheasachadh
Forth pr n Foirthe
Firth of Forth pr n Linne Foirthe
Forth Bridge pr n Drochaid Foirthe
River Forth pr n Abhainn Foirthe
fortune n 1 àgh m, gen àigh
2 àigh m
forty a 1 dà fhichead
2 ceathrad
forty winks n phr norrag f, gen norraig
forward a (cheeky) beadaidh
forward adv air aghaidh. They went forward, chaidh iad air aghaidh
forward-facing a a tha a’ coimhead chon an toisich. All transport used should have forward-facing seats with seat-belts fitted, a thaobh gach seòrsa còmhdhalach a thèid a chur am feum is còir gum bitheadh suidheachain a tha a’ coimhead chon an toisich air fad aca le criosan-sàbhalaidh air an cur a-steach
fossil n fosail f, pl fosailean
fossil fuel n phr connadh-fosail m, gen connaidh-fhosail, pl connaidhean-fosail
fossilize v tr
fossilized a. (Linguistics) Fossilized form, riochd neo-shaor
foster v tr 1 altraim, vn altram m, altramadh m
2 (a) àraich, vn àrach m. It can foster thinking and critical self-awareness, faodaidh e smuaineachadh agus fèin-mhothachadh rannsachail àrach
(b) dèan àrach m air, vn dèanamh àraich air. At all times pupils’ interaction and development should be positively fostered, tha còir daonnan àrach dèantanach a dhèanamh air leasachadh na cloinne agus mar a tha iad a’ buntainn ri cach a-chèile
(c) brosnaich, vn brosnachadh m. To foster this, gus seo a bhrosnachadh
fosterage n altramas m, gen altramais
found n (of house) stèidh f, gen stèidhe, pl stèidhean
foundation n bunait m & f, pl bunaitean
foundry n 1 fùirneis f, pl fùirneisean
2 taigh-leaghaidh m, pl taighean-leaghaidh
fountain n 1 steall f, gen stille, pl steallan
2 tobair f, gen tobrach, pl tobraichean. Ornamental fountains, tobraichean gus loinn a chur air an àite
four a ceithir. The four intertwined components of Gaelic are woven into classroom activities, tha ceithir roinnean na Gàidhlig air am fighe a-steach an lùib a-chèile ann an obair an ruim-theagaisg
fourth a ceathramh
fourthly adv anns a’ cheathramh àite
fox n balgair m, gen balgaire, pl balgairean
foxtail a (botany) earbaill-shionnaich. Foxtail barley, eòrna earbaill-shionnaich
fraction n bloigh f, gen bloighe, pl bloighean
decimal fraction n phr bloigh f dheicheach, pl bloighean deicheach
equal fraction n phr bloigh f cho-ionnan, pl bloighean co-ionnan
fraction board n phr bòrd m bhloighean
vulgar fraction n phr bloigh f chumanta, pl bloighean cumanta
fraction v tr bloighich, vn bloigheachadh m
fractioning tower n phr tùr m bloigheachaidh
fragment n 1 fuigheall m, gen fuighill. We only got a fragment of this song, but for the sake of completeness we thought it suitable to include it here, cha d’fhuair sinn ach fuigheall den òran seo, ach air sgàth na h-iomlanachd mheas sinn iomchaidh a chur am measg a’ chorra an seo
2 bloigh m, pl bloighean
frail a breòite
frame n frèam m, gen frèama, pl frèamaichean
framework n 1 beairt f, pl beairtean. A framework is needed, clearly establishing the most important features of this curricular area, tha feum air beairt a stèidhicheas gu soilleir na nithean as cudthromaiche a tha a’ buntainn ris a’ chlàr-theagaisg seo. This framework should also provide strategies for effective teaching and learning, tha còir aig a’ bheairt seo cuideachd innleachdan airson teagaisg agus ionnsachaidh èifeachdaich a thoirt far comhair. They offer such a framework, tha iad a’ tairgse a leithid seo de bheairt. It is for these reasons that they form the framework to be developed in Part 1, sin as adhbhar iad a bhith sa bheairt a tha ri leasachadh ann am Pàirt 1
2 frèam m, gen frèama, pl frèamaichean
3 expressed with bunaitean f pl. To provide a basic framework, gus bunaitean a leagail
4 expressed with crìochan f pl. Media education empowers pupils to make their own choices within an expanded framework of reference and understanding, tha oideachadh mu na meadhain a’ toirt cothroim do chloinn an cuid roghainn fhèin a dhèanamh taobh a-staigh crìochan farsaing eòlais agus tuigse
5 expressed with agus siud uile. From that vantage point the study of language and culture should radiate outwards, deepening and developing knowledge and skills, within a framework of increasingly rich associations, bu choir oideachadh na cànain agus an dualchais lìonsgaradh a-mach on t-suidheachadh bhuannachdail sin, a’ doimhneachadh agus a’ leudachadh eòlais agus sgilean, agus siud uile taobh a-staigh cheanglaichean a tha a’ sìor fhàs buannachdail agus beairteach
6 expressed by reference to content of framework. A careful audit of existing programmes against this framework (of targets), tomhas faiceallach air na prògraman a tha ann cheana, gan coimeas ris na tha sna cuimsean
France pr n an Fhraing f, gen na Frainge
fraternal a bràithreil
fraternity n bràithreachas m, gen bràithreachais
fraud n foill f, gen foille
freckle n breac-sheunain f, gen bric-seunain; also breacadh-seunain m, gen breacaidh-sheunain
freckle v tr & i
freckled a breac-bhallach
free a 1 (a) saor. In which all feel free from fear of being criticised, anns am bi gach neach a’ faireachdainn saor o eagal gum bithear a’ cur sìos air. Once these matters are dealt with, the pupil is free to concentrate on the performance aspects, aon uair ’s gu bheil na nithean seo air an cur air dòigh tha am pàiste saor gus inntinn a leagail gu tur air cùisean coileanaidh
(b) expressed with gu saor. This will enable free and purposeful talk, bheir seo cothrom don chloinn a bhith a’ labhairt gu saor agus gu gnothaicheil
2 an-asgaidh. Free ice-cream, reòiteag an-asgaidh
free composition n phr saor-sgrìobhadh m, gen saor-sgrìobhaidh
free range a phr saor. Free range hens, cearcan saora. Many people still keep free range hens, tha mòran fhathast a’ cumail chearcan saora. Free range eggs, uighean nan cearcan saora. Some people sell their free range eggs, bidh cuid de dhaoine a’ reic uighean nan cearcan saora
free verse n phr 1 bàrdachd f shaor
2 saor-rannaigheachd f
free adv a-nasgaidh. I was getting it free before, bha mi ga fhaighinn an-asgaidh roimhe
freely adv gu saor
free v tr thoir saorsa f do, vn toirt saorsa do. The teacher may gradually free such pupils to make choices about how to learn, faodaidh an tidsear saorsa a thoirt do chloinn den t-seòrsa seo gus roghainn a dhèanamh a thaobh dòigh ionnsachaidh. Its use can free pupils from the effort of concentrating on their presentational skills, faodaidh a bhith ga chleachdadh saorsa a thoirt do chloinn on t-saothair a tha iad a’ dèanamh le bhith a’ bualadh air na sgilean taisbeanaidh
freedom n saorsa f
freedom fighter n phr saighdear-saorsa m, pl saighdearan-saorsa
freedom of the press n phr saorsa f nam meadhanan
freeze n reothadh m, gen reothaidh
freeze and thaw n phr reothadh m is aiteamh m, gen reothaidh is aiteimh. Freeze and thaw weathering, sìde-chaitheamh reothaidh is aiteimh
freeze v tr & i reòth, vn reòthadh m
freezing a reòta. It’s freezing today, tha e reòta an diugh
frozen a reòta. Frozen food, biadh reòta
frequency n 1 tricead m, gen triceid
2 bitheantas m, gen bitheantais
frequent a 1 (a) minig
(b) expressed with gu minig. Frequent consolidation of new language, daingneachadh gu minig air cainnt ùir
2 bitheanta
frequently adv 1 gu tric. Spell some frequently used words, a’ litreachadh gu dòigheil cuid de dh’fhaclan a thathar a’ cleachdadh gu tric. Stories frequently share simple beginnings, tha stòiridhean gu tric a’ tòiseachadh ann an dòigh shìmplidh
2 expressed with (cho) tric. Spell less frequently used words, a’ litreachadh fhaclan nach eilear a’ cleachdadh cho tric
frequent v tr tathaich, vn tathaich f. The people who had been frequenting the house, na daoine bha air a bhith a’ tathaich an taighe
French pr n (language) Fraingis f
French pr n. The French, na Frangaich
French a Frangach
Frenchman pr n Frangach m, gen & pl Frangaich
Frenchwoman pr n ban-Fhrangach f, gen & pl ban-Fhrangaich
frequency n tricead m, gen triceid, pl triceadan. One might think that this equivalence in frequency could not occur by chance, shaoileadh neach nach bitheadh a’ cho-ionannachd seo ann an tricead a’ tachairt le tuiteamas
fresh a 1 ùr, comp ùire. Fresh food, biadh ùr
2 glan, comp glaine. Fresh water must be used for each child, feumar uisge glan a chleachdadh airson gach neach-cloinne
fresh water n phr (not salt) fìor-uisge m
friar n bràthair-bochd m, gen bràthar-bhochd, pl bràithrean-bochda
fricative n (fricative consonant) connrag f shuathaidh, gen connraig suathaidh, pl connragan suathaidh
friction n 1 suathadh m, gen suathaidh
2 lùth-suathaidh m
friend n 1 (male) caraid m, pl càirdean. A letter to a friend, litir gu caraid. There should be a clear purpose for pupils: reading a favourite poem to friends, tha còir aig adhbhar soilleir a bhith ann don chloinn: a’ leughadh dàin anns a bheil mòr thlachd aca do an càirdean
2 (female) banacharaid f, gen banacharaide, pl banacharaidean
friendly a càirdeil. In a friendly and supportive way, ann an dòigh chàirdeil, thaiceil
friendship n càirdeas m, gen càirdeis
Friesian pr n (person, language), see Frisian pr n
Friesian a 1 (of cattle) Freaslannach
2 (other meanings), see Frisian a
Friesland pr n an Fhreaslainn f, gen na Freaslainn
frieze n clàr-balla m, gen clàir-bhalla, pl clàran-balla
frill n froighneas m, gen froighneis, pl froighneasan
fringe n froighneas m, gen froighneis, pl froighneasan
Frisian pr n 1 Freaslannach m, gen & pl Freaslannaich
2 (language) Freaslannais f
from prep 1 o or bho (plus dat). From writing about events drawn from their day-to-day lives, o bhith a’ sgrìobhadh mu thachartasan a tha iad a’ toirt às am beatha làitheil fhèin
2 (a) à (plus dat). He is from Glasgow, ’s ann à Glaschu a tha e. From such approaches, schools will create appropriate contexts for learning, is ann às a leithid sin de dhòighean obrach a chruthaicheas sgoiltean suidhichidhean freagarrach foghlaim. Listeners have to learn to select relevant information from what they are hearing or seeing, feumaidh luchd-èisteachd ionnsachadh mar a thaghas iad fiosrachadh brìoghmhor às na tha iad a cluinntinn no a’ faicinn. Eliciting responses from individuals, a’ tarraing fhreagairt asta mar aon
(b) a-mach à. A chapter from a novel, caibideil a-mach à nobhail. Target audience develops from the broad idea of audience, tha luchd-amais sònraichte a’ fàs a-mach às a’ bheachd choitcheann a tha ann air luchd-amais. Look, cover, write, check is one example from several, tha seall, còmhdaich, sgrìobh, dearbh na aon eisimpleir a-mach à grunnan
(c) a thig à. Pupils will be asked to convey information from a variety of sources, bithear ag iarraidh air cloinn fiosrachadh a chur an cèill a thig à caochladh àiteachan
3 ri (plus dat). They are still quite distinct from the opening sections of informational texts, tha iad fhathast gu math eadar-dhealaichte ris na paragrafan tòiseachaidh ann an teacsaichean fiosrachaidh
4 air (plus dat). Why did you go away from me? carson a dh’fhalbh thu orm?
5 a thig de. The barn would have been used for storing crops from the schoolmaster’s croft, bhitheadh an sabhal air a chleachdadh airson am bàrr a chumail a thigeadh de chroit a’ mhaighstir-sgoil
6 expressed with agus. While most pupils will begin to use conventional formulae in Gaelic from an early stage, ged a bhitheas a’ mhòrchuid de chloinn a’ tòiseachadh air briathran cumanta ann an Gàidhlig a chleachdadh agus iad gu math òg
from where prep phr far. It should begin from where the child is in place and time, tha còir aige tòiseachadh far a bheil am pàiste, an t-àite agus an tìm anns a bheil e
from … to prep phr expressed with eadar. Across a wide variety of forms, from verse to scripts, from prose to diagrams, feadh mòran sheòrsachan chruth, eadar bhàrdachd is sgriobtaichean, eadar rosg is dhiagraman
front n 1 aghaidh f, gen aghaidhe, pl aghaidhean
2 beulaibh m. Which views show both the roof and the front of the house? dè na seallaidhean anns am faic thu an dà chuid mullach agus beulaibh an taighe?
cold front n phr aghaidh f fhuar, gen aghaidh fuaire, pl aghaidhean fuara
occluded front n phr aghaidh f dhruidte, gen aghaidh druidte, pl aghaidhean druidte
warm front n phr aghaidh f bhlàth, gen aghaidh blàithe, pl aghaidhean blàtha
front mod 1 aghaidh. The front door of the house, doras aghaidh an taighe
2 beulaibh
front vowel n phr fuaimreag f bheulaibh
in front adv phr air thoiseach. Some behind and some in front, cuid air dheireadh agus cuid air thoiseach
in front of prep phr 1 air beulaibh (plus gen). He was standing in front of me, bha e na sheasamh air mo bheulaibh. The car is in front of the house, tha an càr air beulaibh an taighe
2 air thoiseach air (plus dat). He arrived in front of me, ràinig e air thoiseach orm
frost n reothadh m, gen reothaidh, pl reothaidhean
froth n cop m, gen coip and cuip
frozen a, see freeze v tr
fruit n meas m, gen measa, pl measan. The greengocer sells fruit and vegetables, bidh ceannaiche glasraich a’ reic mheasan is glasraich. Groups should try to ensure the use of healthy food and drink, eg fruit and milk, is còir do bhuidhnean feuchainn ri dhèanamh cinnteach gun tèid biadh agus deoch fhallain a chleachdadh, me measan agus bainne
fruit farming n phr tuathanachas m mheasan, gen tuathanachais mheasan
fry v tr 1 ròst, vn ròstadh m
2 praidhig, vn praidheadh
frying-pan n 1 aghann f, gen aighne, aghainne, pl aighnean, aigheannan, aghannan,
2 praidh-pan m, pl praidh-panaichean. They are in the frying-pan, tha iad anns a’ phraidh-pan
fuel n connadh, gen connaidh, pl connaidhean. The turves could be reused as fertiliser for the fields or fuel for the fire, bhite a’ cleachdadh an t-seann fhàil mar mhathachadh do na raointean no mar chonnadh don teine
fulcrum n bùthal m, gen & pl bùthail
full a làn, comp làine
full stop n phr 1 puing f stad, pl puingean stad. Use capital letters and full stops correctly, a’ cleachdadh litrichean mòra agus puingean stad gu dòigheil. Pupils will learn that capitals and full stops make the meaning clear to readers, bidh a’ chlann ag ionnsachadh gu bheil litrichean mòra agus puingean stad a’ soilleireachadh brìgh do luchd-leughaidh
2 stad m, pl stadan. Textual cues such as commas and full stops, comharraidhean anns an teacsa mar tha cromagan agus stadan
full to the brim a phr loma-làn
fuller comp a 1 nas làine
2 expressed with am barrachd. Speech will be fuller and more varied than at Beginner level, bidh am barrachd comas-labhairt aca, agus sin de barrachd sheòrsachan, na bha aca aig a’ Bhun Ìre
fully adv 1 gu h-iomlan. Ensure all pupils participate fully in classroom activity, dèanamh cinnteach gu bheil a’ chlann air fad a’ gabhail pàirt gu h-iomlan anns na bheil a’ dol air adhart anns an rum-theagaisg. Some language attainment targets may be incapable of being fully realised, faodaidh e bhith nach gabh cuid de chuimsean cànain an coileanadh gu h-iomlan
2 expressed with iomlan. When an interpretation of body language may be necessary to understand fully the overall communication, agus feum air cànain bhodhaig a bhreithneachadh gus tuigse iomlan fhaighinn air a’ chonaltradh anns an fharsaingeachd
3 (a) expressed with làn preceding n. So that they can fully realise their ability to understand Gaelic, gus an toirt a dh’ionnsaigh an làn chomais air a’ Ghàidhlig a thuigsinn. Similarities and differences among stories can be fully explored, faodar làn rannsachadh a dhèanamh air mar a tha stòiridhean coltach agus eu-coltach ri chèile. Before being brought together to build longer, more fully-shaped works, mus toirear cruinn còmhla iad gus obraichean nas fhaide a chur ri chèile air an làn chumadh
(b) expressed with làn preceding a. A fully equipped first aid box should be readily available, is còir gum bi bocas ciad-fhuasglaidh làn uidheamaichte deiseil ri làimh
4 expressed with a h-uile. To enable pupils to participate as fully as possible, gus a h-uile cothrom a thoirt do chloinn a bhith a’ gabhail pàirt
more fully adv phr expressed with an tuilleadh plus gen. Developing from exploratory work into more fully formed and organised outcomes, a’ fàs à obair rannsachaidh a dh’ionnsaigh thoraidhean air a bheil an tuilleadh cumaidh agus eagrachaidh
fun n spòrs f, gen spòrsa
fun pool n amar-cluiche m, gen amair-chluiche, pl amaran-cluiche. Should public swimming-pools and fun pools be used, the person in charge of the pre-school must contact the manager of the facility prior to the visit, ma thèid amaran-snàimh poblach agus amaran-cluiche a chur am feum, feumaidh an neach a tha air ceann na ro-sgoile brath a leigeil air manaidsear a’ ghoireis mus bithear a’ tadhal air
function n 1 (a) gnìomh m, gen gnìomha, pl gnìomhan. Body function, gnìomh bodhaig. Mathematical function, gnìomh matamataigeach. Banks of materials organised on the basis of functions and notions or of topics, bancaichean de stuthan air an cur air dòigh air bhonn ghnìomhan agus smuaintean no air bhonn chuspairean
(b) expressed with dè as gnìomh do. Syllable and root will be used in discussion which centres on individual words, their origins, meanings and functions, cleachdar lide agus freumh ann am beachdachadh air faclan fa leth agus air co às an tàinig iad, air dè as ciall daibh agus dè as gnìomh dhaibh
2 (geography : of town) prìomh-chosnadh m, gen prìomh-chosnaidh
functional a 1 gnìomhachail. Functional writing, sgrìobhadh gnìomhachail. The teacher will continue to make opportunities for functional listening, leanaidh an neach-teagaisg air cothrom a thoirt air èisteachd ghnìomhachail. The diversity and demand of functional listening will continue to grow, bidh farsaingeachd èisteachd ghnìomhachail, agus na thathar a’ sùileachadh leatha, a’ sìor fhàs. To include functional items, gus nithean gnìomhachail a ghabhail a-staigh. The most commonly used functional words, na faclan gnìomhachail as trice thathar a’ cleachdadh
2 gnìomhach. Functional writing, sgrìobhadh gnìomhach. Functional grammar, gràmar gnìomhach
3 not expressed. The teacher will devise short messages and other functional listening tasks, bidh an neach-teagaisg a’ dealbhachadh fiosan goirid agus gnìomhan èisteachd eile
functionally adv gu gnìomhach. Pupils will write functionally, personally and imaginatively, bidh sgoilearan a’ sgrìobhadh gu gnìomhach, gu pearsanta agus gu cruthachail
funfair n fèill-spòrs f, gen fèille-spòrs, pl fèilltean-spòrs
fungus n fungas m, gen & pl fungais
fungus, artist’s n (Ganoderma applanatum) fungas m ealantair, gen & pl fungais ealantair
fungus, beefsteak n (Fistulina hepatica) fungas m staoige, gen & pl fungais staoige
fungus, bracket n (Polyporaceae) bracaid-fhungas m, gen & pl bracaid-fhungais
fungus, bracket, blushing n (Daedaleopsis confragosa) bracaid-fhungas m rudhaidh, gen & pl bracaid-fhungais rudhaidh
fungus, brain n (Sparassis crispa) fungas m eanchainn, gen & pl fungais eanchainn
funnel n 1 (of ship) luidhear m, gen luidheir, pl luidheirean
2 tunnadair m, pl tunnadairean
3 (filler) lìonadair m, pl lìonadairean
funny a (peculiar) 1 èibhinn. You may know some funny answers to this question, dh’fhaodadh gu bheil fios agad air freagairtean èibhinn airson na ceiste seo
2 ait, comp aite
fur n
fur coat n phr còta-bèin m, gen còta-bhèin, pl còtaichean-bèin
furnace n fùirneis f, pl fùirneisean
furniture n àirneis f
item of furniture n phr ball àirneis m, gen & pl buill-àirneis
furrow n 1 (ploughing) sgrìob m & f, gen sgrìoba, pl sgrìoban. The longest furrow in the area, an sgrìob as fhaide tha san àite
2 (hollow) clais f, gen claise, pl claisean. The advantage of the rigs was that they allowed drainage down the furrows between them, ’s e a’ bhuannachd a bha ann am feannagan gum faodadh an t-uisge ruith air falbh anns na claisean eatarra
further a 1 an tuilleadh (plus gen). Each of the following issues is given further attention in Part 3, tha an tuilleadh aire air a toirt ann am Pàirt 3 do gach cùis a leanas. This may be used to promote further discussion, bu chòir sin a chur gu feum gus an tuilleadh deasbaid a thogail. Speech marks and exclamation marks are further descriptions of punctuation, tha comharraidhean-labhairt agus comharraidhean-clisge a’ dèanamh an tuilleadh iomraidh air pungadh
2 eile. Adjective and adverb are further categories of words, tha buadhair agus co-ghnìomhair nan seòrsachan eile de dh’fhaclan
3 expressed with a-rithist. Paragraph is a further feature of textual organisation, tha paragraf a-rithist ri fhaotainn ann an òrdanachadh theacsaichean
further adv 1 fhathast. All the above genres can be further refined, faodar na seòrsachan gnè sin uile a dhèanamh nas mìne fhathast
2 nas fhaide, as fhaide. Most of the shieling huts were built further up the valley, chaidh a’ chuid a bu mhotha de na bothain-àirigh a thogail na b’ fhaide shuas an gleann
3 not directly expressed. The range of texts being watched needs to expand further, tha e riatanach a bhith a’ leudachadh air na teacsaichean a thathar a’ faicinn
develop further n phr leudaich air, vn leudachadh air. The requirements of pupils with special educational needs are further developed in the statement included in Part 3, thathar a’ leudachadh air na tha riatanach do chloinn le feuman sònraichte ann am foghlam, anns na tha air a chur sìos ann am Pàirt 3
further v tr cuir ri. Information contributed by others which furthers the exploration of the text, fiosrachadh a thug feadhainn eile seachad agus a tha a’ cur ri rannsachadh air an teacsa
furthermore conj 1 a bhàrr air sin
2 a bharrachd
fury n bàinidh f
fuse n fiusa m, pl fiusachan ; fiùsa, pl fiùsachan
fuss n broillisg f
fussiness n beadaidheachd f
fussy a beadaidh
future n 1 na tha ri thighinn. There should be a sense of the future and its potentialities, bu chòir mothachadh a bhith air na tha ri thighinn agus air na dh’fhaodar a dhèanamh leis
2 na h-amannan a tha ri thighinn. In coping with the future it is essential to have an understanding of the past, ann a bhith a’ gabhail ris na h-amannan a tha ri thighinn tha e do-sheachnaichte tuigse a bhith ann air an t-saoghal a bha ann
future a 1 teachdail. The future tense, an tràth teachdail
2 expressed with future tense. Convey and understand information about future intentions and obligations, thoir seachad agus tuig fiosrachadh mu na bhitheas an dùil a dhèanamh agus na bhitheas a’ faicinn mar uallach
3 not expressed. Pupils will be able to understand information about future intentions, thèid aig a’ chloinn air fiosrachadh mu nithean a tha san rùn a thuigsinn
G
gable n tulchainn f, pl tulchainnean. The lack of gables suggests the upper walls were formed of turf, chan eil tulachainnean air agus mar sin bidh e coltach gur ann de dh’fhàl a bha bràigh nam ballachan dèante
gadget n uidheam m, gen uidheim, pl uidheaman
Gaelic pr n 1 Gàidhlig f. Principal teachers of Gaelic, prìomh-thidsearan Gàidhlig
2 a’ Ghàidhlig. Talking in Gaelic, a’ bruidhinn anns a’ Ghàidhlig. In communities where Gaelic is rarely encountered, ann an coimhearsnachdan far nach fhaighear a’ Ghàidhlig ach ainneamh. Gaelic has currency in the home and the workplace, tha àite agus inbhe aig a’ Ghàidhlig anns an dachaigh agus anns an ionad-obrach
3 expressed with sa Ghàidhlig. Skills in talking Gaelic, sgilean labhairt sa Ghàidhlig. Pupils who are not fluent speakers of Gaelic, a’ chlann nach eil fileanta sa Ghàidhlig
Irish Gaelic n phr 1 Gàidhlig f Èireannach, gen Gàidhlig Èireannaich
2 Gàidhlig f na h-Èireann
3 Gaeilge f
Scots Gaelic n phr 1 Gàidhlig f Albannach, gen Gàidhlig Albannaich
2 Gàidhlig na h-Alba, Gàidhlig na h-Albann
Gaelic a 1 Gàidhlig. To bridge the differences between the two forms of Gaelic education, gus a’ bheàrn a lìonadh eadar an dà sheòrsa foghlaim Ghàidhlig. Gaelic arts and crafts should be displayed, bu chòir ealdhain agus ciùird Ghàidhlig a thaisbeanadh
2 expressed with anns a’ ghàidhlig. Pupils’ Gaelic language skills and knowledge, sgilean cànain agus eòlas na cloinne anns a’ Ghàidhlig
3 expressed with ann an Gàidhlig. Computer games with Gaelic text, geamannan coimpiutair le teacsa ann an Gàidhlig. Pupils receiving a Gaelic education, clann a tha a’ faighinn oideachadh ann an Gàidhlig
4 expressed with na Gàidhlig. Gaelic culture is a key issue, ’s e prìomh chùis a tha ann an dualchas na Gàidhlig. develop inter-relationships with the Gaelic community, co-cheangal ri coimhearsnachd na Gàidhlig a thoirt gu ìre. To take full advantage of gaelic dialects, a’ gabhail làn chothroim air dualchainntean na gàidhlig. The rationale describes the main features of the Gaelic curriculum, tha an Fheallsanachd a’ toirt cunntais air na prìomh nithean a bhuineas do chlàr-teagaisg na Gàidhlig. The curriculum must establish the setting for the growth of appreciation in these vital areas of the Gaelic experience, feumaidh an clàr-teagaisg na crìochan a shuidheachadh anns am bi tuigse a’ fàs air na raointean ro-chudthromach seo de dh’fhiosrachadh na Gàidhlig
5 expressed with co-cheangailte ris a’ Ghàidhlig. Making full use of opportunities for Gaelic activities and development, a’ dèanamh làn fheum de gach cothrom airson gnìomhan agus leasachadh co-cheangailte ris a’ Ghàidhlig
non-Gaelic a gun Ghàidhlig. To provide children from non-Gaelic backgrounds with basic oral competence in Gaelic, comas-labhairt bunaiteach a bhuileachadh air clann à àrainneachd gun Ghàidhlig
Gaelic language n phr cànain na Gàidhlig. In the Gaelic language classroom, ann an clas cànain na Gàidhlig
Gaelic learners a phr expressed with luchd-ionnsachaidh plus Gàidhlig. They may be in Gaelic Learners classes beginning either in P1, or in S2, faodaidh iad a bhith ann an clasaichean luchd-ionnsachaidh, agus iad a’ tòiseachadh air a’ Ghàidhlig ann am B1 no an A1
Gaelic medium n phr meadhan na Gàidhlig. Either for gaelic medium or learners, an dàrna cuid airson meadhan na Gàidhlig no airson luchd-ionnsachaidh
Gaelic medium a phr 1 meadhan-Gàidhlig. In the case of children entering a Gaelic-medium school who are not fluent Gaelic speakers, a thaobh clann aig nach eil Gàidhlig fhileanta nuair a thig iad do sgoil mheadhan-Gàidhlig
2 expressed with tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig. Who are in Gaelic medium classes, a tha ann an clasaichean tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig. Such pupils may be receiving a Gaelic medium education, faodaidh an leithid seo de chloinn a bhith gan oideachadh tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig. Gaelic-medium education is a new initiative, is e iomairt ùr a tha ann am foghlam tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig
3 expressed with tro Ghàidhlig or tron Ghàidhlig. Gaelic medium education, foghlam tro Ghàidhlig. Who have not followed a Gaelic-medium or similar programme, nach d’fhuair oideachadh tron Ghàidhlig no a leithid sin
4 expressed with Gàidhlig. Practice in Gaelic medium schools varies, tha caochladh dhòighean a’ dol anns na sgoiltean Gàidhlig
5 expressed with a tha ag obair tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig. Teaching resources for Gaelic-medium schools, goireasan-teagaisg airson sgoiltean a tha ag obair tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig
6 expressed with anns a bheil an t-oideachadh tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig. Assessment in Gaelic-medium schools, measadh airson sgoiltean anns a bheil an t-oideachadh tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig
7 expressed with oidich tro Ghàidhlig v phr, vn oideachadh tro Ghàidhlig. For Gaelic medium pupils, airson clann a tha gan oideachadh tro Ghàidhlig
Gaelic speaker n phr neach-bruidhne m Gàidhlig, gen neach-bhruidhne Gàidhlig, pl luchd-bruidhne Gàidhlig. In meetings with Gaelic speakers in his constituency, ann an coinneamhan le luchd-bruidhne na gàidhlig san roinn-thaghaidh aige
Gaelic-speaking a phr 1 expressed with na Gàidhlig. The Gaelic speaking world, saoghal na Gàidhlig. Half of the Gaelic-speaking population, dàrna leth sluagh na Gàidhlig. The socio-economic reasons for the dispersal of Gaelic-speaking people to the Commonwealth, na h-adhbhair shòiseo-eacanomaigeach a chuir sgapadh air sluagh na Gàidhlig don Cho-Fhlaitheas
2 expressed with aig a bheil Gàidhlig or a’ Ghàidhlig. Educators will require to equip Gaelic-speaking pupils with the skills necessary, bidh e mar uallach air luchd-oideachaidh clann aig a bheil Gàidhlig uidheamachadh leis na sgilean a dh’fheumas iad. To reinforce the existing skills of Gaelic speaking children, neartachadh a dhèanamh air sgilean a tha a-cheana aig clann aig a bheil a’ Ghàidhlig
3 expressed with sa Ghàidhlig. For fluent Gaelic-speaking pupils, do chloinn a tha fileanta sa Ghàidhlig
4 expressed with Gàidhlig. Exploring the images of Gaelic-speaking communities will provide a basis for later work, bidh rannsachadh air na h-ìomhaighean de choimhearsnachdan Gàidhlig na bhunait do dh’obair a nithear a-rithist. In communities which are Gaelic-speaking or, at the other extreme, in communities where Gaelic is rarely encountered, ann an coimhearsnachdan Gàidhlig no, ann an suidheachadh tur eadar-dhealaichte, ann an coimhearsnachdan far nach fhaighear a’ Ghàidhlig ach ainneamh
gain v tr 1 faigh, vn faotainn. To gain satisfaction and aesthetic pleasure, gus riarachadh agus toileachas-inntinn fhaotainn. Pupils will listen individually and in groups so as to gain information, bidh sgoilearan ag èisteachd an dà chuid fa leth agus nam buidhnean ach am faigh iad fiosrachadh. Learning to read will be influenced by the knowledge children have gained in the pre-school years, bidh buaidh air ionnsachadh leughaidh aig an eòlas a fhuair a’ chlann anns na bliadhnachan ron sgoil
2 gabh, vn gabhail. To gain confidence in speaking and writing, gus misneach a ghabhail ann a bhith a’ labhairt agus a’ sgrìobhadh
3 tog, vn togail. The activity of reading should be concerned with the gaining of meaning, bu chòir do leughadh, mar iomairt, a bhith ceangailte ri bhith a’ togail brìgh. Teaching approaches will motivate pupils as they gain a set of essential but complex skills, bidh a’ chlann air an gluasad le dòighean-teagaisg fhad ’s a tha iad a’ togail cunntas sgilean a tha èiseil ach ioma-fhillte
4 buannaich, vn buannachadh m
5 fàs, vn fàs m. Pupils with difficulties in handwriting will gain in confidence through the use of word-processing, bidh clann le duilgheadasan ann an làmh-sgrìobhadh a’ fàs ann am misneach le bhith a’ cleachdadh dealbh-sgrìobhaidh
6 expressed with cuideachadh gus faotainn. The main emphasis in the first two years will be on gaining oral competence in Gaelic, ’s e as motha bhitheas san amharc aig tidsearan B1 agus B2 an cuideachadh gus comas labhairt fhaotainn sa Ghàidhlig
gain in v phr gabh, vn gabhail. As pupils gain in confidence, mar a bhitheas a’ chlann a’ gabhail misnich
galaxy n reul-chrios m, pl reul-chriosan
gale n 1 gèile m, pl gèileachan
2 gaoth f mhòr, gen gaoithe mòire, pl gaothan mòra
fresh gale n phr (Beaufort scale force 8) gèile m beothail, gen gèile bheothail, pl gèileachan beothail
moderate gale n phr (Beaufort scale force 7) gèile cuimseach, gen gèile chuimsich, pl gèileachan cuimseach
strong gale n phr (Beaufort scale force 9) gèile m làidir, pl gèileachan làidir
whole gale n (Beaufort scale force 10) làn-ghèile m, pl làn-ghèileachan
gall n
gall bladder n dòm m
gallery n gailearaidh m, pl gailearaidhean. Visits should be paid to galleries, bu chòir tadhal air gailearaidhean
galley n bìrlinn f, pl bìrlinnean
gambler n ceàrraiche m, pl ceàrraichean
game n 1 geama m, pl geamannan or geamachan. Games, including board games, geamannan, a’ gabhail a-staigh geamannan-bùird. Pupils will play games, bidh a’ chlann a’ cluich gheamannan. Indoor games, geamachan a-staigh. Outdoor games, geamachan a-muigh. From games or from real experience, bho gheamachan no bho nithean a chaidh fhiosrachadh da-rìreabh
2 cleas m, pl cleasan. Songs, rhymes and word-games, òrain is duain is cleasan-fhacal
3 cluich m, gen cluiche, pl cluichean. They played the (board-) game, dh’iomair iad an cluich
4 (animals) ainmhidhean n pl. Game reserve, tearmann ainmhidhean
activity game n phr geama-gnìomha m, pl geamannan-gnìomha
board game n phr geama-bùird m, pl geamannan-bùird
language game n phr geama-cànain m, pl geamannan-cànain. Special language games, geamannan-cànain sònraichte
listening game n phr cleas-èisteachd m, pl cleasan-èisteachd. Pupils will play listening games, bidh a’ chlann a’ cluiche chleasan-èisteachd
word game n phr cleas-fhacal m, pl cleasan-fhacal. Songs, rhymes and word-games, òrain is duain is cleasan-fhacal
gamma ray n phr gath m gamma, pl gathan gamma
gang n buidheann m & f, gen buidhne, dat f buidhinn, pl buidhnean, buidhnichean
gantry n sorch m, pl sorchan
gap n 1 beàrn f, gen beàrna, pl beàrnan. Rather than having the gap exposed between their present attainments and some ideal level of performance, ’s chan ann a’ foillseachadh na beàrna eadar na thèid aca air a dhèanamh an-ceartuair agus ìre choileanaidh air choireigin as àirde tha ri fhaotainn. Gap in ridge, beàrn an druim
2 bealach m, gen bealaich, pl bealaichean. Gap in ridge, bealach an druim
gapped a beàrnach
gapping n (linguistics) expressed with gleus-cainnte m beàrnach
garden n 1 gàrradh m, gen gàrraidh, pl gàrraidhean. The gardens behind the terrace, na gàrraidhean air cùlaibh na barraid
2 leas, lios m & f, gen leasa, liosa, lis, pl leasan, liosan, lis
garden v i
gardening n gàrradaireachd. Market gardening, gàrradaireachd mhargaidh. Landscape gardening, gàrradaireachd dhealbh-tìre
gardener n gàirnealair m, pl gàirnealairean. A jobbing gardener, gàirnealair car-oibre
garland n blàth-fhleasg f, pl blàth-fhleasgan
garment n ball-aodaich m, gen & pl buill-aodaich
gas n gas f, gen gaise, pl gasan. Chlorine gas, gas clòirin. Exhaust gases, gasan traoghaidh
gaseous a gasach. In a liquid or gaseous state, ann an staid lionnaich no ghasaich
gastric a meirbheach. Gastric juices, sùgh meirbheach
gather v tr 1 tionail, vn tional m. In order to gather information for cross-curricular research, gus fiosrachadh a thional airson sgrùdaidh thar a’ chlàir-theagaisg. It is essential to gather the evidence which will be helpful to the teacher, feumar air a h-uile cor an dearbhadh a thional a bhitheas na chuideachadh don tidsear
2 òrdaich, vn òrdachadh. Giving them time to gather their thoughts, a’ toirt ùine dhaibh gus an smuaintean òrdachadh
gathering n (of people) bannal m, gen bannail, pl bannalan; also banal m, gen banail, pl banalan
gauge n tomhas m, gen & pl tomhais, pl also tomhasan. A rain gauge, tomhas-silidh
gauge v tr dèan tomhas air. This allows learners to gauge more effectively their own progress and achievements, bheir seo cothrom do luchd-ionnsachaidh tomhas nas buadhmhoire a dhèanamh air an adhartas a rinn iad agus air na tha iad a’ toirt gu buil
Gaul pr n a’ Ghaill f, gen na Gaille
Gaulish pr n (language) Gaillis f
gauze n lìon-leigheis m, gen lìn-leigheis
gear n 1 (of engine) giothar m, gen giothair, pl giotharaichean
• gèar m. Gear wheel, cuibhle-ghèar
2 uidheam f, gen uidheim. Safety gear, uidheam sàbhailteachd. The winding gear of the mine, uidheam rothaigidh na mèinne
gear v tr
geared to a phr 1 expressed with a tha a’ freagairt air. In a way geared to pupils’ needs, ann an dòigh a tha a’ freagairt air feuman na cloinne
2 expressed with a tha ann an dàimh ri. Materials geared to the appropriate levels of pupil attainment, stuthan a tha ann an dàimh ri ìrean freagarrach na cloinne a thaobh coileanaidh
gem n seud m, gen seòid, pl seudan, seòid
geminate a dùblaichte. Geminate consonant, connrag dhùblaichte
gemstone n seud m, gen seòid, pl seudan, seòid. Gemstones and minerals, seudan agus mèinnearan
gender n gnè f. Feminine gender, gnè bhoireann. Masculine gender, gnè fhireann. Neuter gender, gnè neodrach. We believe that no family should be excluded from the group’s activities on the grounds of age, gender or sexuality, tha sinn a’ creidsinn nach bu chòir gum bitheadh teaghlach sam bith air an dùnadh a-mach bho ghnìomhan na buidhne mar thoradh air aois, gnè, no feiseileachd
gender mod expressed with boireann agus fireann. Studying media representations of males and females will allow discussion of stereotyping and gender roles, bidh cothrom ann, le bhith a’ gabhail ealla ris mar a tha fireann agus boireann gan cur far comhair anns na meadhain, air beachdachadh air lèir-sheiseachadh agus air an àite a tha aig boireann agus fireann
gene n gine f
genealogical a 1 sloinnteachail
2 ginealaich
genealogical tree n phr craobh f ghinealaich, gen craoibhe ginealaich, pl craobhan ginealaich. But it is reasonable to accept that he had some place in that genealogical tree, ach tha e reusanta gabhail ris gu robh àite air choireigin aige sa chraoibh ghinealaich sin
genealogist n sloinntear m, gen sloinnteir, pl sloinntearan
genealogy n 1 sloinntearachd f
2 ginealach m, gen ginealaich, pl ginealaichean
general a 1 coitcheann, comp coitchinne. General strike, stailc choitcheann. In a more general way, ann an dòigh nas coitchinne. The programmes described here offer only general guidance, chan eil na prògraman air a bheil iomradh an-seo ach a’ cur stiùiridh choitchinn fa chomhair dhaoine. Sound is a general term for use in discussion, ’s e briathar coitcheann a tha ann am fuaim gus a chleachdadh ann am beachdachadh
2 farsaing. To gain a general impression of the gist of a text, gus beachd farsaing fhaotainn air brìgh teacsa
3 not expressed. Some may already possess good general alertness, faodaidh cuid a bhith gu math beòthail dhiubh fhèin
in general adv phr 1 anns a’ chumantas
2 san fharsaingeachd. A more highly developed facility with language in general, comas-cànain san fharsaingeachd aig ìre nas àirde
generally adv 1 anns an fharsaingeachd. In commerce generally, ann am malairt anns an fharsaingeachd. Pupils with special needs generally, na sgoilearan sin aig a bheil feuman sònraichte anns an fharsaingeachd. Listening has implications for speech development and learning generally, tha buaidh aig èisteachd air leasachadh cainnte agus air ionnsachadh anns an fharsaingeachd
2 anns a’ chumantas. Generally, reading and writing skills will be acquired…, anns a’ chumantas togar sgilean leughaidh agus sgrìobhaidh. Generally crops were grown on long narrow strips of ground called rigs, anns a’ chumantas bha na pòran a’ fàs air stiallan fada caol de thalamh ris an cainte feannagan
3 gu coitcheann. Currently available resources for delivery of some areas of the curriculum are generally acknowledged to be below a desirable level, thathar gu coitcheann ag aideachadh nach eil na tha ri fhaotainn an-ceartuair de ghoireasan airson cuid de raointean a’ chlàir-theagaisg a thoirt gu buil cho math ’s bu mhiann leinn
4 am bitheantas. This pronunciation, as palatal “-nt-”, occurs generally in the dialect for the palatal consonant group “-thn-”, gheibhear am fuaimneachadh seo, mar “-nt-” phalatach, am bitheantas san dualchainnt a tha ann air a’ chòmhlan-chonnrag “-thn-” phalatach
generalisation n ginearalachadh m, gen ginearalachaidh, pl ginearalachaidhean
generalise v i 1 gnàthaich, vn gnàthachadh. Generalising, a’ gnàthachadh
2 ginearailich, vn ginearalachadh m
generalised a ginearalaichte. Generalised use of the dative form of the feminine singular adjective, cleachdadh ginearalaichte air riochd tabhartach a’ bhaudhair bhoireannta shingilte
generate v tr 1 dèan, vn dèanamh m
2 thoir gu bith, vn toirt gu bith. Exploring fiction through simulations to generate thinking skills, a’ sgrùdadh ficsein tro shamhlachaidhean gus sgilean smaoineachaidh a thoirt gu bith
3 gin, vn gintinn
generative a (linguistics) gineadaireach. Generative grammar, gràmar gineadaireach
generator n gineadair m, pl gineadairean
generosity n 1 coibhneas m, gen coibhneis
2 fialaidheachd f
genital a
genital organ n phr ball-gineamhainn m, gen & pl buill-ghineamhainn
genitive a ginideach. The genitive case, an tuiseal ginideach
genre n 1 gnè f, pl expressed with gnè; seòrsachan gnè or seòrsachan de ghnè; iomadh gnè. “Genre” is a term used to describe a property of texts, that each text belongs to a group, or set, of texts with which it shares common features, tha “Gnè” air a chleachdadh gus iomradh a dhèanamh air nàdar theacsaichean, a’ comharrachadh gum buin a h-uile teacsa do bhuidheann theacsaichean agus gu bheil dòighean anns a bheil e coltach riutha sin. Genre recognition can begin in the early stages, faodar tòiseachadh air aithne chur air gnè aig na h-ìrean as tràithe. Recognise the genre of the communication, a bhith ag aithneachadh gnè a’ chonaltraidh. Examples of texts from a variety of genres, eisimpleirean de theacsaichean de caochladh gnè. Including the recognition of genres, agus sin a’ gabhail a-staigh aithneachadh air gnè. But genres are capable of being continually refined, ach faodar gnè a dhèanamh nas mìne agus nas mìne, gun sguir. In order to explore genres by creating their own examples, gus seòrsachan gnè a rannsachadh le bhith a’ cruthachadh an cuid eisimpleirean fhèin. In order to engage with a wider range of texts and genres, gus a dhol an greim ann am barrachd sheòrsachan theacsaichean agus ghnè. At a simple level, there are broad genres, aig ìre gu math sìmplidh tha seòrsachan farsaing ann de ghnè. In fiction, there are genres such as romances, horror, ann am ficsean tha iomadh gnè, leithid ramasan, uabhas
2 (in listening) gnè cànain. In so doing they will achieve an awareness of genre and knowledge about language, ann a bhith a’ dèanamh seo thig iad gu mothachadh air gnè cànain agus gu eòlas air cànain. If pupils have a sense of genre they will also have an awareness of the significance of important features of the text, ma tha tuigse aig a’ chloinn air gnè chànain bidh mothachadh aca cuideachd air brìgh nithean cudthromach anns an teacsa
3 (in reading) gnè theacsaichean. In so doing they will achieve an awareness of genre and knowledge about language, ann a bhith a’ dèanamh seo thig iad gu mothachadh air gnè theacsaichean agus gu eòlas air cànain
4 expressed with seòrsa teacsa, pl seòrsachan theacsaichean. In order to explore genres by creating their own examples, gus seòrsachan theacsaichean a rannsachadh le bhith a’ cruthachadh an cuid eisimpleirean fhèin
5 pàtaran m, pl pàtarain. They must learn to recognise the commoner genres in fiction and non-fiction, feumaidh iad ionnsachadh mar a dh’aithnicheas iad na pàtarain as cumanta ann am ficsean ’s ann am fìorsgeul
gentle a 1 socair
2 sìnte. A gentle slope, leathad sìnte, or slios sìnte
gentleman n duine-uasal m, gen duine-uasail, pl daoine-uasal. Ladies and gentlemen! a mhnathan agus a dhaoine uaisle!
gentry n uaislean m pl. Some members of the aristocracy and gentry, cuid den uas-fhlaitheachd agus de na h-uaislean
genuine a expressed with fìor. So that they genuinely support learning, gus fìor thaice thoirt do dh’ionnsachadh. They may also have a heightened sense of writing and talking for genuine purposes, faodaidh iad cuideachd am barrachd tuigse fhaotainn air a bhith a’ sgrìobhadh agus a’ labhairt gus fìor amasan a choileanadh
geographer n cruinn-eòlaiche m, pl cruinn-eòlaichean
geographical a 1 cruinn-eòlasach
2 not expressed. Wide area and computer network systems are particularly relevant in the geographical context of the Gaelic speaking world, tha siostaman mòr-àrainn agus obair-lìn coimpiutair air leth freagarrach ann an suidheachadh saoghal na Gàidhlig
geography n cruinn-eòlas m, gen cruinn-eòlais
geological a 1 creag-eòlasach
2 geòlasach
geologist n 1 creag-eòlaiche m, pl creag-eòlaichean
2 geòlaiche m, pl geòlaichean
geology n 1 creag-eòlas m, gen creag-eòlais
2 geòlas m, gen geòlais
geometric a geoimeatrach
geometry n geoimeatraidh
geomorphology n geocruth-eòlas m, gen geocruth-eòlais
Georgian pr n 1 Geoirgianach m, gen & pl Geoirgianaich
2 (language) Geoirgianais f
germ n bitheag f, gen bitheig, pl bitheagan
German pr n 1 Gearmailteach m, gen & pl Gearmailtich
2 (language) Gearmailtis f
Germanic a Gearmailteach
Germany pr n a’ Ghearmailt f, gen na Gearmailt
germinate v i ginidich, vn ginideachadh
gerund n geireann m, gen geirinn, pl geireannan
gerundive n geireannach m, gen & pl geireannaich
gestation n torrachas m, gen torrachais
gesture n gluasad-bodhaig m, pl gluasadan-bodhaig. Show that they can use at least the following terms: gesture, eye-contact, a’ nochdadh gun cuir iad gu feum, air a’ char as lugha, na faclan a leanas: gluasad-bodhaig, glacadh-sùla. She will recognise gestures and eye contact, aithnichidh i gluasadan-bodhaig agus glacadh-sùla
get v tr 1 faigh, vn faighinn or faotainn
2 fàs, vn fàs. As pupils get older, mar a bhitheas a’ chlann a’ fàs nas sine
geyser n gèasar m, gen gèasair, pl gèasaran
• gìosar m, gen gìosair, pl gìosaran
ghost n 1 taibhse f, pl taibhsean or taibhseachan
2 aibhse f, pl aibhsean or aibhseachan
3 bòcan m , gen & pl bòcain
ghost mod mu thaibhse or mu thaibhsean or mu thaibhseachan. Ghost stories, stòiridhean mu thaibhsean. The first paragraph of a ghost story, a’ chiad pharagraf de sgeulachd mu thaibhsean. The first part of a ghost story, a’ chiad phàirt de stòiridh mu thaibhse
giant n 1 fuamhaire m, pl fuamhairean
2 athach m, gen & pl athaich. I have stood on the shoulders of giants, sheas mi air guaillean athach
giant a (botany) famhaireach. Giant bellflower, flùr-cluigeanach famhaireach
Gigha pr n Giogha
gild v tr òr, òraich, vn òradh m
gilded a 1 air òradh
2 òraichte
gilding n òradh m, gen òraidh
gills n pl 1 giùran m, gen giùrain
2 garbhan m, gen garbhain
gilt n òradh m, gen òraidh
gilt a òraichte
gist n 1 màthair-adhbhair f. Show that they understand the gist of the text, a’ nochdadh gu bheil iad a’ tuigsinn màthair-adhbhair an teacsa
2 brìgh f. To gain a general impression of the gist of a text, gus beachd farsaing fhaotainn air brìgh teacsa. To read familiar stories in simple language for pleasure or gist, stòiridhean sìmplidh, air a bheil iad eòlach, a leughadh airson toileachaidh no brìgh. Pupils will listen for gist of contents, bidh a’ chlann ag èisteachd airson brìgh susbaint
3 expressed with tuigse f air brìgh. Pupils are expected to gain the gist of a text, thathar a’ sùileachadh gum bi a’ chlann a’ faotainn tuigse air brìgh teacsa
4 expressed with cnag na cùis. Pupils will read short narrative texts, for pleasure or for gist, bidh a’ chlann a’ leughadh theacsaichean-aithris goirid, airson toileachaidh no airson cnag na cùise a thuigsinn
give v tr 1 (a) thoir, vn toirt f. Pupils will give name, age, bidh a’ chlann a’ toirt ainm, aois. Teachers should lead pupils to give opinions, tha còir aig na tidsearan a bhith a’ stiùireadh na cloinne gu bhith a’ toirt bheachdan. The pupil should be taught to give increasing priority to technical features of the text, tha còir gun treòirichear am pàiste gus am barrachd ’s am barrachd àite a thoirt do nithean teicnigeach an teacsa. When they are giving instructions in relation to project work, an uair a tha iad a’ toirt seòlaidh ann an co-cheangal ri obair pròiseict
(b) thoir seachad, vn toirt seachad. Advice is given here, thathar a’ toirt seachad comhairle an-seo. To give satisfaction and aesthetic pleasure, gus riarachadh agus toileachas-inntinn a thoirt seachad
(c) thoir do, vn toirt do. Punctuation will give pupils a term for describing these surface features of their writing, bheir pungadh briathar don chloinn airson iomradh a dhèanamh air na nithean faicsinneach a bhuineas don chuid sgrìobhaidh. Each of the following issues is given further attention in Part 3, tha an tuilleadh aire air a toirt ann am Pàirt 3 do gach cùis a leanas. While it will be important to give an historical sense of Gaelic as a culture, ged a bhitheas e cudthromach mothachadh eachdraidheil a thoirt dhaibh air a’ ghàidhlig mar chultar
(d) thoir dhuinn, vn toirt dhuinn. Interviews with older people will give a picture of former ways of life, bheir còmhraidhean ri seann daoine dealbh dhuinn air dòighean-beatha a dh’fhalbh
(e) thoir air, vn toirt air. Give your set the right title, thoir an tiotal ceart air an t-seata agad
5 tairg, vn tairgse. The Guidelines give schools advice on how to review and develop their assessment policies, tha an stiùireadh a’ tairgse comhairle do sgoiltean air mar a bhreithnicheas iad agus mar a bheir iad gu ìre am poileasaidhean measaidh
6 tog, vn togail f. To give pupils an interest in the roots, derivations and make-up of words which are especially interesting, gus ùidh na cloinne a thogail ann am faclan a tha sònraichte inntinneach: na freumhaichean aca, co às a thàinig iad, agus mar a tha iad air an cur ri chèile
7 expressed with le prep. Set out completed work, giving attention to presentation and layout, a’ cur obair a tha air a crìochnachadh air dòigh le aire air sealladh agus dreach
8 expressed with aig prep. And having given primacy to Gaelic, agus am prìomh àite aig a’ Ghàidhlig thuige sin
9 expressed with faigh, vn faotainn f. Balance listening, talking, reading, and writing, giving each its due emphasis, a’ cur èisteachd, labhairt, leughadh agus sgrìobhadh an cothromachd, gach aon a’ faotainn an àite air a bheil e airidh. Pupils will be given enjoyment, familiarity with structures, gheibh a’ chlann toileachadh, eòlas air structairean. This will be more significant if pupils are given regular opportunities to display completed work, bidh an tuilleadh brìgh an-seo ma tha a’ chlann a’ faotainn cothroim gu cunbhalach a bhith a’ taisbeanadh obair chrìochnaichte
10 cuir an cèill, vn cur m an cèill. Give and respond to instructions relating to classroom activities and situations, cuir an cèill agus cuir an gnìomh iarrtasan co-cheangailte ri obair agus suidheachaidhean a’ chlas
11 cuir ann, vn cur ann. Writing helps pupils to clarify their thoughts and to give them personal meaning, tha sgrìobhadh a’ cuideachadh na cloinne gus an cuid smuaintean a shoilleireachadh agus gus brìgh phearsanta a chur annta
12 cuir air, vn cur air. This has two aspects: the decreasing degree of support given to the pupil and the increasing responsibility given to pupils, tha dà nì àraidh co-cheangailte ri seo: an taice a bheirear don phàiste a’ dol nas lugha agus an t-uallach a thathar a’ cur air cloinn a’ dol am meud
13 expressed with cuir, vn cur m. The teacher will periodically act as scribe to give these thoughts a written form, bidh an tidsear bho àm gu àm a’ sgrìobhadh às an leth gus na smaointean sin a chur ann an riochd sgrìobhaidh. Word processing gives professionalism to finished work, cuiridh dealbh-sgrìobhadh cruth proifeiseanta air obair chrìochnaichte
14 innis, vn innse f. To give name and age, ainm agus aois innse
15 dèan, vn dèanamh m. The criteria might be to give a good picture of how the person looks, ’s e na bun-chomharraidhean, is dòcha, dealbh math a dhèanamh air coltas an neach sin
16 expressed with bi ann. The Programmes of Study give additional advice on teaching and learning activities, tha an tuilleadh comhairle mu ghnìomhan teagaisg agus ionnsachaidh anns na Clàran Oideachaidh. Opportunities should be given, bu chòir cothrom a bhith ann
17 not directly expressed. They should now be giving a personal response, bu chòir dhaibh a bhith a’ freagairt gu pearsanta
18 not expressed. Having an understanding of genre gives writers a valuable aid in the task of communicating effectively, tha tuigse a bhith aca air gnè na chuideachadh luachmhor do luchd-sgrìobhaidh ann a bhith a’ conaltradh gu buadhmhor
which gives v phr expressed with anns a bheil. Listening to a short, straightforward text which gives an item of information, ag èisteachd ri teacsa goirid furasta anns a bheil fiosrachadh. Adventure games let pupils explore situations which give a sense of reality, tha geamannan dùbhlain a’ toirt cothroim do chloinn a bhith a’ rannsachadh shuidhichidhean anns a bheil caran de choltas an t-saoghail againn fhìn
give an account of v phr 1 thoir iomradh air, vn toirt iomraidh air. Pupils will give a succinct, coherent account of their experience of texts, bidh a’ chlann a’ toirt iomraidh ghoirid, dhòigheil, phongail air an cuid fiosrachaidh air teacsaichean
2 dèan cunntas air, vn dèanamh cunntais air. Pupils will give a clear account of a personal experience, bidh a’ chlann a’ dèanamh cunntais gu soilleir air fiosrachadh pearsanta
give an appraisal of v phr thoir do bheachd air
give an appreciation of v phr thoir barail chothromach air
give consideration to v phr thoir aire do, vn toirt aire do. Pupils will give consideration to some of the main ways in which sentences are constructed and punctuated, bidh a’ chlann a’ toirt aire do cuid de na prìomh dhòighean air seantansan a dheilbh agus a phungadh
give emphasis to v phr cuir cudthrom air. Emphasis will be given to making notes, cuirear cudthrom air a bhith a’ dèanamh notaichean
give opportunity v phr expressed with faigh cothrom. Pupils will be given opportunities to associate listening with other forms of communication, bidh a’ chlann a’ faighinn cothroim air èisteachd a cho-chur ri seòrsachan eile de chonaltradh
give scope for v phr thoir cothrom air, vn toirt cothroim air. The present guidelines give scope for this form of organisation, tha an stiùireadh seo a’ toirt cothroim air a leithid seo de riaghladh
given a 1 expressed with bi. The advice given in Part 3 will help teachers, bidh a’ chomhairle ann am Pàirt 3 na chuideachadh do na tidsearan
2 sònraichte. The space occupied by a given amount of water, an spàs a lìonas uimhir shònraichte de dh’uisge
3 not directly expressed. Pupils will respond to given stimuli, bidh a’ chlann a’ toirt freagairt mar a ghluaisear iad
given by a phr o. Talks and interviews given by classmates and visiting adults, òraidean is agallamhan o cho-aoisean no o inbhich a bhitheas a’ tadhal
giving n 1 toirt f
2 expressed with thoir, vn toirt f. Activities such as giving directions, gnìomhan mar a bhith a’ toirt seòlaidh
3 expressed with thoir do, vn toirt f do. By giving them an awareness of the importance of character, le bhith a’ toirt mothachaidh dhaibh air cho cudthromach ’s a tha pearsa
4 expressed with tairg, vn tairgse f. By questioning or by giving a model, le bhith a’ cur cheist no a’ tairgse eisimpleir
glacial a 1 eigheadail. Glacial till, sgaoilteach eigheadail. Glacial erratics, arraidich eigheadail. Glacial mounds, tomain eigheadail. Glacial outwash, às-sgoladh eigheadail. This dates from a glacial event known as the Wester Ross readvance, buinidh seo do dh’àm an tachartais eigheadail ris an canar ath-mheudachadh Rois an Iar
2 (a) eigh-shruthach. Glacial erratics, clachan conadail eigh-shruthach
(b) expressed with leis an eigh-shruth. These mounds are glacial dumps known as moraines, ’s e stuth a chaidh fhàgail leis an eigh-shruth a tha anns na tomannan seo ris an canar morainean
glaciate v tr eighich, vn eigheachadh m
glaciated a eighichte
glaciation n 1 eigheachadh m, gen eigheachaidh, pl eigheachaidhean. Dumps of sand, gravel, stones and boulders that date from the last glaciation, dùin de ghainmhich, de ghrinneal, de chlachan agus de dh’ulbhagan a chaidh fhàgail aig àm an eigheachaidh mu dheireadh
2 bleith f eigheadail, gen bleithe eigheadail. Low ridges of volcanic rock that were more resistant to glaciation, dromannan ìosal de chreig bholcànaich a tha air seasamh nas fheàrr an aghaidh bleithe eigheadail
glacier n eigh-shruth m, gen eigh-shrutha pl eigh-shruthan. When the glacier was melting, nuair a bha an t-eigh-shruth a’ leaghadh. This area suffered extensive scouring from erosion by glaciers, fhuair an t-àite seo mòran sgùraidh bho bhith air a bhleith le eigh-shruthan
glad a 1 aoibhinn, comp aoibhinne
2 aiteasach
gladness n aiteas m, gen aiteis
glade n blàran-coille m, gen & pl blàrain-choille
gland n fàireag f, gen fàireig, pl fàireagan. Sebaceous gland, fàireag gheire. Sweat gland, fàireag fhallais. Tear glands, fàireagan dheur. The gland of the body which purifies the blood, fàireag na bodhaige a ghlanas an fhuil
glass-house n taigh-glainne m, pl taighean-glainne
glass n glainne f
glass fibre n phr snàithleach m glainne, gen snàithlich ghlainne
glasses n pl 1 speuclairean m pl
2 glainneachan f pl
glaze v tr glainnich, vn glainneachadh m
gleam n boillsg, vn boillsgeadh m
glimpse n aiteal m, gen aiteil, pl aiteil, aitealan. I got a glimpse of him, fhuair mi aiteal dheth
global a 1 cruinneil
2 expressed with cruinne f gen. Global warming, blàthachadh-cruinne
globe n 1 glob
2 (world) (a) saoghal m, gen saoghail
(b) cruinne f
glossary n clàr-mìneachaidh m, gen & pl clàir-mhìneachaidh
glottal a 1 glotais. Glottal stop, connrag dhùinte ghlotais
2 sgòrnanach. Glottal stop, connrag dhùinte sgòrnanach
glottalise v tr 1 glotasaich, vn glotasachadh m
2 sgòrnanaich, vn sgòrnanachadh m
glottalised a 1 glotasaichte
2 sgòrnanaichte
glottis n glotas m, gen glotais
glove n miotag f, gen miotaig, pl miotagan. Disposable gloves, miotagan so-chaitheimh. Protective gloves, miotagan dìonach
glutton n 1 geòcaire m, pl geòcairean
gneiss n gneiss m; naghas m, gen naghais. The oldest rocks in Britain are the structurally complex Lewisian gneiss, ’s iad na creagan as sine ann am Breatainn an gneiss Leòdhasach, aig a bheil structar iom-fhillte
go n
in one go, a dh’aona leum. Are the parents asking for too much in one go? a bheil na pàrantan ag iarraidh cus a dh’aona leum?
go v i rach, vn dol m. Matters which go beyond their real-life experiences, nithean a tha a’ dol thar am fiosrachaidh anns an t-saoghal sa bheil iad beò
go on v phr 1 rach air adhart, vn dol m air adhart. Pupils should feel part of what is going on, tha còir gum biodh mothachadh aig cloinn gu bheil iad fhèin a’ gabhail pàirt anns na bheil a’ dol air adhart
2 rach, vn dol. What is going on, dè tha dol
going n 1 dol m
2 expressed with a bhith a’ dol. No going out the door without an adult in the group, cha cheadaichear a bhith a’ dol a-mach an doras gun inbheach sa bhuidhinn
going to be v phr 1 gu bhith. He said that they were going to be wet, thubhairt e gu robh iad gu bhith fliuch
2 expressed with ro prep (plus dat). He said that they were going to be disappointed, thubhairt e gu robh briseadh-dùil romhpa
goad n 1 brod m, gen bruid, pl brodan
2 bior-greasaidh m, gen biora-ghreasaidh, pl bioran-greasaidh
goad v tr brod, vn brodadh m
goal n 1 ceann-uidhe m, gen & pl cinn-uidhe. Pupils are expected to work towards a common goal in group activity, thathar a’ sùileachadh gum bi a’ chlann ag obair a dh’ionnsaigh ceann-uidhe choitchinn ann an gnìomh buidhne
2 amas m, gen amais, pl amasan. The attainment targets are designed to be comprehensive sets of goals for learning language, tha na cuimsean coileanaidh air an deilbh mar amasan-ionnsachaidh iomlan airson cànain
3 (in game) bàir f, gen bàire, pl bàirean
gob n blad m, gen & pl blaid
goblin n bòcan m , gen & pl bòcain
goddess n ban-dia f, gen ban-dè, pl ban-diathan
goggle n
goggles n pl speuclairean m pl dìona
gold n òr, gen òir
gold mod òir
gold medal n phr bonn m òir, gen & pl buinn òir
gold plate n phr 1 pleat f òir
2 (utensils) soithichean m pl òr-phleataichte
golden a òir
goldfinch n buidheag f, gen buidheig, pl buidheagan
gold-plate v tr 1 pleataich le òr, vn pleatadh le òr
2 òr-phleataich, vn òr-phleatadh
gold-plated a 1 pleataichte le òr
2 òr-phleataichte
gold-plating n 1 pleatadh m òir, gen pleataidh òir
2 òr-phleatadh m, gen òr-phleataidh
golden eagle n, see eagle, golden n
goldsmith n òr-chèard m, gen & pl òr-chèird
golf n goilf m. Playing golf, a’ cluich goilf. Clock golf, goilf gleoca
golf mod goilf. Golf course, cùrsa goilf ; raon goilf. Golf links, machair ghoilf
good a 1 math. They should consider whether the text is of good quality, tha còir aca beachdachadh air co-dhiùbh a tha an teacsa math dheth fhèin
2 deagh. Pupils will regularly listen to good stories, bidh a’ chlann ag èisteachd gu cunbhalach ri deagh stòiridhean. They should model good reading habits, tha còir aca eisimpleir a thoirt seachad air deagh chleachdaidhean leughaidh
3 dòigheil. It should feature a lot of encouragement and modelling of good practice, bu chòir mòran misneachaidh agus eisimpleirean de chleachdadh dòigheil a bhith mar phàirt dheth sin
no good a phr expressed with neg plus bi gu feum sam bith. Hot sunny weather is no good for sledging, chan eil sìde ghrianach theth gu feum sam bith airson a dhol air càrn-slaoid
goods n pl 1 bathar m, gen bathair. Goods and services, bathar agus seirbheisean. Goods train, trèan bhathair. The goods that we buy in shops, am bathar a cheannaicheas sinn anns na bùthan
2 gnothach m, gen gnothaich, pl gnothaichean. The goods that are sold in the shop are brought by lorry, bidh na gnothaichean a bhithear a’ reic sa bhùth a’ tighinn ann an làraidh
household goods n phr gnothaichean m pl taighe. Household goods such as toothpaste, matches and dusters, gnothaichean taighe mar uachdar-fhiclan, lasadairean agus dustairean
gorge n 1 clais f, pl claisean
2 mòr-ghil f, pl mòr-ghilean
Gothic pr n (language) Gotais f
Gothic a Gotach
govern v tr 1 cuir do. This preposition governs the genitive case, tha an roimhear seo a’ cur an ainmeir don tuiseal ghinideach
2 riaghail, vn riaghladh m. This preposition governs the genitive case, tha an roimhear seo a’ riaghladh an tuiseil ghinidich
governed by prep phr fo riaghladh plus gen
government n riaghaltas m, gen riaghaltais, pl riaghaltasan
government mod bhon riaghaltas. A Government spokesperson, neach-labhairt bhon Riaghaltas
governor n 1 (mechanical) rianadair m, pl rianadairean
2 (ruler) riaghladair m, pl riaghladairean
grace n (before meals) altachadh m, gen altachadh
gradation (linguistics) ceumadh m, gen ceumaidh
grade n ìre f, pl ìrean
grade v tr 1 rangaich, vn rangachadh m
2 ìrich, vn ìreachadh. The eggs are taken to a packing station where they are graded, thèid na h-uighean a thoirt do stèisean pacaidh far a bheileas gan ìreachadh
grader n rangadair m, pl rangadairean
gradient n caisead m, gen caiseid, pl caiseadan
gradual a expressed with mean air mhean adv phr. Gaining a command of Gaelic is a process involving the gradual acquisition and expansion of knowledge, skills and understanding, gus a’ Ghàidhlig ionnsachadh feumar eòlas, sgilean agus tuigse a thogail agus a leudachadh mean air mhean. With a gradual movement from structured to somewhat less structured learning situations, a’ gluasad mean air mhean bho shuidhichidhean-ionnsachaidh stèidhichte gu feadhainn nach eil buileach cho stèidhichte. It is also a matter of the gradual encouragement for the pupil to become an independent learner, tha e cuideachd a’ ciallachadh a bhith mean air mhean a’ misneachadh a’ phàiste gu bhith ag ionnsachadh air a cheann fhèin
gradually adv 1 mean air mhean. Learning how to read and write requires the teaching of a gradually enlarging descriptive vocabulary, tha ionnsachadh sgrìobhaidh is leughaidh a’ cur feum air briathrachas a theagasg a tha a’ meudachadh mean air mhean. Gradually, as pupils learn the skills of handwriting, mean air mhean, mar a tha a’ chlann a’ togail sgilean làmh-sgrìobhaidh
2 beag air bheag. Gradually, the range of distinguishing features of texts should be extended, beag air bheag, bu chòir leudachadh a dhèanamh air na nithean a tha a’ dealachadh theacsaichean o chèile
3 not expressed. The teacher may gradually free such pupils to make choices about how to learn, faodaidh an tidsear saorsa a thoirt do chloinn den t-seòrsa seo gus roghainn a dhèanamh a thaobh dòigh ionnsachaidh
graduate I v i ceumnaich, vn ceumnachadh m. When did he graduate from university? cuine cheumnaich e on oilthigh?
II graduate v tr
graduated a ceumroinnte. Graduated cylinder, siolandair ceumroinnte
grain n 1 (plant) gràn m, gen gràin
2 (speck) gràine
gram n gram
grammar n gràmar m, gen gràmair. A selection of terms referring to the words, grammar and sounds of the language, taghadh de bhriathran a bhuineas do dh’fhaclan, do ghràmar agus do dh’fhuaimean na cànain
categorial grammar n phr gràmar m seòrsachaidh
functional grammar n phr gràmar m gnìomhach
Montague grammar n phr gràmar m Mhontague
reference grammar n phr gràmar-lorg m
relational grammar n phr gràmar m dàimhealachd
transformational grammar n phr gràmar cruth-atharrachaidh
grammatical a 1 gràmarach
2 a bhuineas do ghràmar. Teachers need to introduce pupils to the grammatical, literary and other technical terms of language, feumaidh na tidsearan a’ chlann a chur an aithne nam briathran cànain a bhuineas do ghràmar, do litreachas agus an leithid sin
3 expressed with gràmar m. The confidence and the need to communicate are more important than absolute grammatical accuracy, tha misneach ann an conaltradh, agus am feum air conaltradh a dhèanamh, nas cudthromaiche na an gràmar a bhith uile gu lèir gun mhearachd
grammatically adv gu gràmarach
grammaticality n gràmarachd f
granary n 1 (building) sìol-lann f, gen sìol-lainn, pl sìol-lannan
2 (region) gràinnseach f, gen gràinnsich, pl gràinnsichean
grand-daughter n 1 ban-ogha f, pl ban-oghaichean
2 expressed with ogha m, pl oghaichean. She’s a grand-daughter of Donald’s, ’s e ogha do Dhòmhnall a th’ innte
granite n eibhir f
grant n tabhartas m, gen tabhartais, pl tabhartasan
grant v tr builich, vn buileachadh m
take for granted, cuir suarach. It should not be taken for granted, cha bu chòir a chur suarach idir
granule n gràinean m, gen gràinein, pl gràineanan
grapefruit n anann m, gen & pl anainn
graph n graf m, gen grafa, pl grafaichean. Block graph, graf bloc. Pie graph, graf cearcaill. Spike graph, graf spìceach
graphic a deilbhidh. Graphic skills, sgilean deilbhidh
graphical a ann an grafaichean. The outcomes from these activities may be diagrammatic or graphical, faodaidh toradh na h-obrach seo a bhith ann an diagraman no ann an grafaichean
graphics n 1 dealbhan
2 not directly expressed. Pupils will demonstrate a response to their listening in a variety of media, writing, pictures, graphics, speech, and performance, bidh a’ chlann a’ nochdadh freagairt do an cuid èisteachd ann an caochladh mhodhannan, sgrìobhadh, dealbhan de gach seòrsa, labhairt agus cluich
grasp n 1 greim m. Demonstrating some grasp of appropriate style, a’ nochdadh gu bheil na h-uiread de ghreim aca air stoidhle iomchaidh. Pupils will use language with some grasp of idiomatic expressions, bidh a’ chlann a’ cleachdadh cànain agus tomhas de ghreim a bhith aca air gnàthasan-cainnt. A cognitive grasp of quite sophisticated ideas and linguistic concepts, greim agus tuigse air bun-bheachdan agus air bun-smuaintean cànain a tha gu math adhartach
2 tuigse f. Reading activities should demand that pupils show an overall grasp of a text, tha còir aig gnìomhan labhairt a bhith a’ sùileachadh gum bi a’ chlann a’ nochdadh gu bheil tuigse aca air an teacsa anns an fharsaingeachd. Using prediction to improve grasp of genre, a’ cleachdadh fàisneachd gus tuigse air gnè a chur am feobhas. It is equally necessary to develop a parallel awareness and grasp of the richness and diversity of the culture, tha e a-cheart cho riatanach mothachadh agus tuigse àrach air cho saidhbhir agus cho iomachruthach ’s a tha an dualchas
grasp v tr 1 faigh greim air, vn faighinn greim air. Grasping the purposes behind a piece of talk or writing, greim fhaighinn air na h-adhbhair a tha air cùl earrann labhairt no sgrìobhaidh
2 tuig, vn tuigsinn f. Pupils are expected to grasp ideas or feelings in a text, thathar a’ sùileachadh gum bi a’ chlann a’ tuigsinn bhun-smuaintean no fhaireachdainnean ann an teacsa
grass n feur m, gen feòir. Lovely green grass, feur brèagha gorm. The predominant vegetation on the slopes and hills is a mixture of heather and coarse grasses, ’s e an lusrach as cumanta air na sliosan agus air na mill ach measgachadh de fhraoch agus de sheòrsachan garbha de dh’fheur
grassland n talamh-feòir m. Tropical grassland, talamh-feòir tropaigeach. Note the more fertile grasslands of the hill-fields, thoir an aire don talamh-fheòir as torraiche a gheibhear anns na h-achaidhean
grassland mod a bhuineas do thalamh-feòir. The flat land by the river supports a range of grassland species, gheibhear san talamh chomhnard mun abhainn sreath de ghnèithean lusraich a bhuineas do thalamh-feòir
grassy a feurach, comp feuraich. A patch of grassy ground marks another house site, tha criomag de thalamh feurach a’ comharrachadh làrach eile far an robh taigh uaireigin
grateful a buidheach, comp buidhiche. The secretary of State is grateful to all who…, tha Rùnaire na Stàite buidheach do na h-uile a…
gravel n grinneal m, gen grinneil. Gravel quarry, cuaraidh grinneil
gravel bank n phr 1 bruach f ghrinneil or banca m grinneil
2 bruach f ruadh, gen bruaiche ruaidhe
gravity n (force of g.) iom-tharraing f
graze v tr & i ionaltraich, vn ionaltradh m
grazing n 1 ionaltradh m, gen ionaltraidh. Rough grazing, ionaltradh garbh ; ionaltradh bochd
2 talamh-ionaltraidh m, gen talmhainn-ionaltraidh. To protect the crops and to preserve the grazing the animals were moved to summer pastures, gus am bàrr a dhìon agus gus an talamh-ionaltraidh a ghlèidheadh bha na beathaichean air an gluasad gu àirighean san t-samhradh
common grazing n phr monadh m coitcheann, gen monaidh coitchinn
great a 1 mòr
2 (botany) mòr. Great bindweed, iadh-lus mòr
greater comp a 1 nas motha
2 as motha. Clearly, the more able the pupil the greater become the opportunities for such assessment, tha e soilleir mar as comasaiche am pàiste gur ann as motha an cothrom air a leithid sin de mheasadh
3 expressed with comp of a. The teacher will broaden pupils’ experience to involve texts of greater maturity of ideas, leudaichidh an tidsear air fiosrachadh nas cloinne a dh’ionnsaigh theacsaichean a tha nas adhartaiche ann am bun-bheachdan. Pupils will develop a greater alertness to the changes in ideas, bidh a’ chlann a’ fàs nas mothachaile air na h-atharraichidhean ann am bun-smuaintean
4 expressed with barrachd plus gen. Pupils will have a greater autonomy in the choice of topic to be explored, bidh barrachd ùghdarrais aig a’ chloinn ann a bhith a’ taghadh cuspair gus a rannsachadh. In order to work on a greater variety of texts, gus oibreachadh air barrachd sheòrsachan theacsaichean
5 expressed with am barrachd plus gen. They will have a greater empathy with those whose languages and cultures are different, bidh am barrachd co-fhaireachdainn aca riuthasan aig a bheil cànanan agus dualchasan a tha eadar-dhealaichte
6 (botany) mòr. Greater birdsfoot trefoil, bàrr m a’ mhìslein mòr
Greece pr n a’ Ghrèig f, gen na Grèige
Greek pr n 1 Grèigeach m, gen & pl Grèigich
2 (language) Grèigis f
green a 1 buidhe-ghorm. The colours of the rainbow are violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange, and red, ’s iad dathan a’ bhogha-fhroise liath or bàn-phurpaidh, gorm-liath or guirmeanach, gorm, buidhe-ghorm or uaine, buidhe, dearg-bhuidhe or orains, agus dearg
4 uaine. The Green Party, am Pàrtaidh Uaine
3 glas, comp glaise
2 gorm, comp guirme. Lovely green grass, feur brèagha gorm. The sites of the old houses appear as patches of green ground among the more sombre coloured heather, tha làraichean nan seann taighean a’ sealltainn mar mhìrean de thalamh gorm am measg an fhraoich a tha nas duirche an dath
green belt n phr crios-uaine m, pl criosan-uaine
greenfly n cuileag-ghlas f, gen cuileige-glaise
greengrocer n ceannaiche m glasraich, gen ceannaiche ghlasraich, pl ceannaichean glasraich. The greengocer sells fruit and vegetables, bidh ceannaiche glasraich a’ reic mheasan is glasraich
greenhouse n taigh-ghlainne m, pl taighean-glainne
greenhouse effect n phr buaidh f an taigh-ghlainne
Greenland pr n a’ Ghraonlainn f, gen na Graonlainn
Greenlander pr n Graonlannach m, gen & pl Graonlannaich
Greenlandic pr n (language) Graonlainnis f
Greenwich pr n. greenwich meridian, meadhan-loidhne Greenwich
greyhound n mial-chù m, pl mial-choin
grid n cliath f, gen clèithe, pl cliathan. To help you find the shop there are squares on the map, and these squares form a grid, airson do chuideachadh a’ lorg na bùtha tha ceàrnagan air a’ mhapa, agus tha na ceàrnagan seo a’ dèanamh suas cliath. The targets have been set out in grids, one grid to each of the four outcomes, tha na cuimsean air an cur a-mach ann an cliathan, cliath fa chomhair gach tè de na ceithir builean. The accompanying grid has the following strands, anns a’ chlèith a tha an cois seo tha na h-iallan a leanas. Pupils and teacher can agree on a checklist or grid which will be used for noting and recording observations, faodaidh an tidsear agus a’ chlann aontachadh air liosta-dearbhaidh no air clèith a bhithear a’ cleachdadh gu bhith a’ gabhail cunntais air beachdan
grid line n phr loidhne-chlèithe f, gen loidhne-clèithe, pl loidhneachan-clèithe
grid reference n phr comharradh-clèithe m, gen comharraidh-chlèithe, pl comharraidhean-clèithe. This is grid square (F,7), and (F,7) is called a grid reference, seo ceàrnag-chlèithe (F,7), agus canaidh sinn comharradh-clèithe ri (F,7)
grid square n phr ceàrnag-chlèithe f, gen ceàrnaig-clèithe, pl ceàrnagan-clèithe. The shop is in grid square (A,1), tha a’ bhuth ann an ceàrnaig-chlèithe (A,1)
grilse n bànag f, gen bànaig, pl bànagan
Grimsay pr n Griomasaigh
grin n braoisg f, gen braoisge, pl braoisgean
grin v i 1 cuir braoisg ort, vn cur braoisge ort
2 bi a’ braoisgeil
grinning a 1 braoisgeach
2 braoisgeil
grind v tr bleith, vn bleith f
gristle n brisgean m, gen brisgein, pl brisgeanan
grit n 1 gainmheach f, gen gainmhich
2 stuth m gainmheachail
grocer n grosair m, pl grosairean
groceries n pl grosaireachd f
grocery, grocer’s n bùth f ghrosaireachd
gross a
Gross National Product n phr Mòr-thoradh m Dùthcha, gen Mòr-thoraidh Dhùthcha
gross weight n phr cuideam m iomlan
ground n 1 talamh m, gen talmhainn f
2 expressed with airson. The criteria are simply the grounds on which a judgement is going to be made about the pupil’s performance on a task, chan eil na comharraidhean ach dìreach airson breithneachadh a dhèanamh air mar a nì pàiste ann an gnìomh
ground to be covered, na bha ri ionnsachadh
ground mod 1 talmhainn
2 grunnda. Ground moraine, moraine ghrunnda
3 bunaiteach. Ground rules, riaghailtean bunaiteach. It is important that children are made aware of the following ground rules, tha e cudthromach gum bi a’ chlann air an dèanamh mothachail air na riaghailtean bunaiteach a leanas
on the ground prep phr 1 air an talamh
2 expressed with fhèin. By studying the drawings you should be able to compare the text with the site on the ground, le bhith a’ beachdachadh air na dealbhan bu chòir gur urrainn dhut coimeas a dhèanamh eadar an teacsa agus an làrach fhèin
on the grounds of prep phr mar thoradh air, or a thoradh air (plus dat). We believe that no family should be excluded from the group’s activities on the grounds of disability, tha sinn a’ creidsinn nach bu chòir gum bitheadh teaghlach sam bith air an dùnadh a-mach bho ghnìomhan na buidhne mar thoradh air ciorram
groundnut n, see peanut n
groundwater n uisge m talmhainn, gen uisge thalmhainn
group n 1 (a) buidheann m & f, gen buidhne, dat f buidhinn, pl buidhnean, buidhnichean. Review and Development Groups, Buidhnean Sgrùdaidh agus Leasachaidh. Different groups of children, buidhnean eadar-dhealaichte de chloinn. Particular groups of pupils, buidhnean sònraichte chloinne. For groups, and, where required, for individuals, do bhuidhnean, agus, far a bheil feum, do dhaoine fa leth
(b) an prep plus poss pron plus buidhnean. Editing pupils’ own and others writing individually and in groups, ag eagrachadh sgrìobhadh na cloinne fhèin agus sgrìobhadh chàich, le pàistean fa leth agus nam buidhnean. Pupils will listen individually and in groups, bidh sgoilearan ag èisteachd an dà chuid fa leth agus nam buidhnean
2 còmhlan m, gen & pl còmhlain. A svarabhakti group having the vowel “a”, còmhlan svarabhakti anns a bheil an fhuaimreag “a”
3 bannal m, gen bannail, pl bannalan; also banal m, gen banail, pl banalan
every age group, daoine de gach aois
in groups prep phr 1 mar bhuidhnean. Pupils will work regularly in pairs or groups, bidh a’ chlann ag obair gu cunbhalach mar chàraidean no mar bhuidhnean
group a (mod) 1 buidhne f gen. Listen to others in group or one-to-one activities, ag èisteachd ri feadhainn eile ann an obair buidhne no aon-ri-aon. In one-to-one or group talk, ann an còmhradh eadar dithis no ann an còmhradh buidhne. Group tasks from across the whole curriculum, iomairt-bhuidhne o thaobh gu taobh den chlàr-theagaisg. Word processing is also a catalyst for paired and group work, tha dealbh-sgrìobhadh cuideachd na mheadhan falaichte air obair càraid agus obair bhuidhne
2 bhuidhnean. To understand the factors which can help or hinder group work, gus a bhith a’ tuigsinn nan nithean a chuidicheas le obair bhuidhnean no a chuireas bacadh oirre. Group reading, leughadh-bhuidhnean
3 expressed with mar bhuidhinn. Which will permit individual, group and class learning, a bheir cothrom dhaibh a bhith ag ionnsachadh mar aon, mar bhuidhinn agus mar chlas
4 expressed with ann am buidhnean. Pair and group discussions, beachdachadh, ’s e sin mar chàraidean agus ann am buidhnean. The possibilities for group discussion and the engagement with problems in work of this kind are inexhaustible, chan eil ceann no crìoch air a’ chothrom a tha ann an obair den t-seòrsa seo gu bhith a’ beachdachadh ann am buidhnean agus gu bhith a’ gleachd ri ceistean duilich. The range of group activities will now include structured situations, bidh na seòrsachan ghnìomhan a thathar a’ dèanamh ann am buidhnean a-nis a’ gabhail a-staigh suidhichidhean òrdaichte. Group reading, leughadh ann am buidhnean
5 expressed with le buidhinn. Such work can be group/class/teacher discussion, faodaidh obair den t-seòrsa seo gabhail a-steach beachdachadh le buidhinn/clas/tidsear
6 expressed with buidhnean. In small group discussions of brief tasks, far a bheil buidhnean beaga a’ co-bheachdachadh air gnìomhan goirid. Both in group situations and in understanding texts, ann an suidhichidhean bhuidhnean agus ann a bhith a’ tuigsinn theacsaichean
7 expressed with mar bhuidhnean. Pupils of all abilities become engaged in group discussion and planning, tha clann de gach comas a’ dol an greim ann am beachdachadh mar bhuidhnean agus ann am planadh
group discussion n phr 1 beachdachadh-buidhne m. Pupils will be familiar with the process of listening and responding in group discussion, bidh eòlas aig a’ chloinn air mar a tha èisteachd agus freagairt ann am beachdachadh-buidhne ag oibreachadh
2 beachdachadh m ann am buidhinn. Group discussion will now be a natural part of class activity, is e pàirt nàdarrach de dh’obair a’ chlas a tha ann am beachdachadh ann am buidhinn a-nis
group v tr 1 thoir còmhla, vn toirt f còmhla. They are means by which activities can be grouped in a natural way, tha iad nam meadhain air gnìomhan a thoirt còmhla ann an dòigh nàdarrach
2 cuir am buidhnean
grouping n cur m ri chèile, gen cuir ri chèile. Skills of grouping information will continue to be developed, leanar air a bhith a’ toirt fàis air sgilean cur fiosrachaidh ri chèile
grouse, black (Lyrurus tetrix) n 1 (cock) coileach-dubh m, gen coilich-dhuibh, pl coilich-dhubha. The black grouse cock and the hen are there, every kind of bird is there, tha an coileach-dubh ’s tha an liath-chearc ann, tha a h-uile seòrsa dh’eunlaith ann
2 (hen) liath-chearc f, gen liath-chirce, pl liath-chearcan
grove n doire m or f, pl doirean, doireachan
grow I v i fàs, vn fàs m. The carrots are growing well, tha na curranan a’ fàs gu math
II grow v tr 1 bi plus a’ fàs (aig neach). She grew carrots this year, bha curranan a’ fàs aice am bliadhna. Because of the nature of the land less emphasis was given to growing crops, a thoradh air gnè na talmhainn cha robhar a’ cur uibhir a chudthrom air bàrr a bhith a’ fàs. Instead of fencing large fields small enclosures were made to grow oats, an àite raointean mòra a bhith air am feansadh chaidh àiteachan-iadhaidh beaga a dhèanamh anns am bitheadh coirce a’ fàs
2 leig le (rud) fàs. Are you growing your beard? a bheil thu a’ leigeil le t’fheusag fàs?
growing n fàs m, gen fàis. Growing conditions, suidheachadh fàis. Growing point, teothachd fhàis. Growing season, sèasan fàis
growing a 1 expressed with a’ dol am meud. To take advantage of the growing number of employment opportunities, gus cothrom a ghabhail air na cothroman cosnaidh, agus iad sin a’ dol am meud
2 expressed with a tha a’ meudachadh. They will demonstrate that they can write for a growing number of audiences, seallaidh iad gu bheil iad comasach air sgrìobhadh do luchd-amais a tha a’ meudachadh ann an àireamh. They will show a growing command of language, nochdaidh iad comas cànain a tha a’ meudachadh
3 expressed with a bhith a’ dol am meud. Pupils should have a growing sense of representations generally, bu chòir do thuigse chloinne air dòighean-riochdachaidh anns an fharsaingeachd a bhith a’ dol am meud
4 expressed with adhartas m, gen adhartais. Their maturational level, interests and growing skills, an ìre fàis, an ùidhean agus an adhartas anns na sgilean
5 expressed with fàs ann an. Growing independence in the analysis of what is required, fàs ann an neo-eisimeileachd ann an eadar-sgaradh air na tha riatanach
6 expressed with a tha a’ fàs. Gaelic is a living, growing language, ’s e tha anns a’ Ghàidhlig ach cànain bheò, agus cànain a tha a’ fàs
7 expressed with comp a repeated. Children should be encouraged to develop a growing awareness of the language, bu chòir clann a mhisneachadh gus a bhith nas mothachaile agus nas mothachaile air a’ chànain
growth n 1 fàs m, gen fàis. An enhanced contribution to pupils’ social and intellectual growth, barrachd ga chur ri fàs sòisealta agus ceudfathach na cloinne. They will support and promote the growth of thinking and feeling, bidh iad a’ neartachadh agus a’ leasachadh fàs ann an smaoineachadh agus ann am faireachadh. Small groups will ease interaction and the growth of confidence, bidh co-luadar agus fàs ann am misneach air an dèanamh nas fhasa le buidhnean beaga
2 expressed with bi a’ fàs. The curriculum must establish the setting for the growth of appreciation in these vital areas of the Gaelic experience, feumaidh an clàr-teagaisg na crìochan a shuidheachadh anns am bi tuigse a’ fàs air na raointean ro-chudthromach seo de dh’fhiosrachadh na Gàidhlig
growth hormone n phr brodag f fhàis, gen brodaig fàis, pl brodagan fàis
growth point n phr teothachd-fhàis f, gen teothachd-fàis
groyne n groyne m, pl groynes
gruel n brochan m, gen brochain
guarantee n barrantas m, gen barrantais, pl barrantais, barrantasan
guard n geàrd m, gen geàird, pl geàrdan. There must be appropriate guards on heaters, feumaidh geàrdan iomchaidh a bhith air teòdhadairean
guardian n 1 coimheadaiche m, pl coimheadaichean. Parents and guardians, pàrantan agus coimheadaichean
2 neach-dìona m, pl luchd-dìona. Parents and guardians, pàrantan agus luchd-dìona. The policy statement should be brought to the attention of parents or guardians, bu chòir aithris a’ phoileasaidh a thoirt gu aire phàrantan no luchd-dìona
guerrilla n guerrilla m, pl guerrillas
guerrilla war n phr cogadh m guerrilla, gen cogaidh guerrilla
guess n tomhas m, gen tomhais, pl tomhasan, tòimhsean
guess v tr & i tomhais, vn tomhas m
guest n aoigh m, pl aoighean
guffaw n glag-gàire m, pl glagan-gàire
guidance n 1 stiùireadh m, gen stiùiridh. This Circular conveys guidance, tha a’ Chuairtlitir seo a’ toirt stiùiridh. Guidance on the teaching of Gaelic, stiùireadh mu dheidhinn teagasg na Gàidhlig. Guidance concerning the minimum time allocation for Language, stiùireadh mun chuibhrinn ùine a dh’fheumar a thoirt do chànain air a’ char as lugha. Further guidance on language activities, an tuilleadh stiùiridh mu ghnìomhan cànain
2 comhairle f. Guidance is given on Gaelic language activities, thathar a’ toirt comhairle mu ghnìomhan-cànain Gàidhlig. Guidance on developing profiles can be found in the guidelines, gheibhear comhairle air teisteanas-measaidh a thoirt gu buil anns an stiùireadh
3 expressed with comhairlich, vn comhairleachadh. Teacher support will be less evident but will still offer guidance as necessary, cha bhi taice tidseir cho follaiseach ach fhathast bi seo a’ comhairleachadh mar a bhitheas sin riatanach
guide n (book, booklet) leabhar-iùil m, pl leabhraichean-iùil; leabhran-iùil m, pl leabhrain-iùil
guide v tr stiùir, vn stiùireadh m
guided a stiùirichte. Guided discussion, co-bheachdachadh stiùirichte
guiding a
guiding principle n phr màthair-adhbhair f. The guiding principle in regard to selection of language should be the children’s need to communicate, ’s e màthair-adhbhair taghadh cànain am feum a bhitheas aig a’ chloinn air a bhith a’ conaltradh
guidelines n pl 1 stiùireadh m, gen stiùiridh. National Guidelines, Stiùireadh Nàiseanta. Guidelines on Gaelic, Stiùireadh air Gàidhlig
2 clàr-stiùiridh m, gen clàir-stiùiridh. The professional judgements which will form the basis of the report to parents, which is set in the context of these guidelines, am breithneachadh proifeiseanta a bhitheas na bhunait aig an aithris do phàrantan, a tha air a cur ann an coitheacsa a’ chlàir-stiùiridh seo
3 comhairle-stiùiridh f. In these guidelines, anns a’ chomhairle-stiùiridh seo
4 (a) iùl m. They should be informed of the guidelines which will enable them to implement the policy statement, bu chòir dhaibh fiosrachadh fhaighinn mu iùl airson aithris a’ phoileasaidh a chur an gnìomh
(b) cairt-iùil f. Part 3 of the guidelines offers advice, tha Pàirt 3 den chairt-iùil a’ tairgse comhairle
guilty a ciontach (of, de). He was found guilty of two charges, chaidh fhaighinn ciontach de dhà chasaid
guinea-pig n gearra-mhuc f, pl gearra-mhucan
gulf n 1 camas m, gen camais, pl camasan
• camas-mòr m, gen camais-mhòir, pl camasan-mòra
2 beàrn f, gen bèirn or beàirn, pl beàrnan
gull, black-backed, n arspag f, gen arspaig, pl arspagan
gullet n 1 (oesophagus) slugan m, gen slugain, pl sluganan
2 (throat) sgòrnan m, gen sgòrnain, pl sgòrnanan
gully n clais f, gen claise, pl claisean
2 gil f, gen gile, pl gilean
gum n (mouth) 1 mannas m, gen mannais
2 càirean m, gen càirein; càireas m, gen càireis
gum n (that sticks) bìth f, gen bìthe
gunwale n beul-mòr m, gen beul-mhòir
2 beul m, gen beòil
rubbing-piece n (between gunwale and saxboard) slat f mhòr, gen slaite mòire. The rubbing-piece is below the saxboard, tha an t-slat mhòr fon phlanca bheòil. The rubbing piece keeps the boat from rubbing if it’s at the jetty, tha an t-slat mhòr a’ gléidheadh an t-eathar bho shuathadh ma tha i ri cidhe
gust n 1 osag f, gen osaige, pl osagan
2 meall m, gen & pl mill. The wind is coming in gusts, tha a’ ghaoth a’ tighinn na mill
3 plathadh m, gen plathaidh, pl plathaidhnean. A terrible gust came, thàinig plathadh uamhasach
gut v tr (of fish) cut, vn cutadh m
gutter n guitear m, gen guiteir, pl guitearan
guttural n connrag f sgòrnanach
guttural a sgòrnanach
gymnastics n lùth-chleasachd f
gypsum n giopsam m
H
haar n 1 ceò m & f
2 hàr m
habit n 1 cleachdadh m, pl cleachdaidhean. Some may already possess good general alertness, others may not have acquired the basic habits, faodaidh cuid a bhith gu math beòthail dhiubh fhèin, cuid eile nach do thog na cleachdaidhean as bunaitiche. Good reading habits, deagh chleachdaidhean leughaidh. Habits of thought and feeling, cleachdaidhean ann an smuain agus ann am faireachdainn. Some pupils acquire the habits of recognition and categorisation readily, tha cuid de chloinn a thogas cleachdaidhean aithne agus seòrsaidh gu h-ealamh
2 fasan m, gen fasain, pl fasanan
habitat n àrainn f, pl àrainnean
habitual a
habitually adv 1 am bitheantas
2 a-ghnàth
haddock n adag f, gen adaig, pl adagan
hag n (peat) bota m, pl botaichean
hail n clach-mheallain f, pl clachan-meallain
hair n 1 falt m, gen fuilt
2 gruag f, gen gruaige
3 (single hair) fuiltean m, gen fuiltein, pl fuilteanan
hairbrush n bruis-chinn f, gen bruise-cinn, pl bruisean-cinn
hairdresser n gruagaire m, pl gruagairean
hairdrier n tiormadair-gruaig m, pl tiormadairean-gruaig
hairy a (botany) molach. Hairy bindweed, iadh-lus molach
half n leth m, pl lethean
half-close a leth-dhùinte. Half-close vowel, fuaimreag leth-dhùinte
half-litre n leth-liotair m
half-metre n leth-mheatair m
half-open a leth-fhosgailte. Half-open vowel, fuaimreag leth-fhosgailte
half-termly adv leitheach slighe tron tèarm
halftone n (photography) leth-shnuadh m, gen leth-shnuaidh
halfway adv 1 leitheach slighe. Halfway through the term, leitheach slighe tron tèarm
2 leitheach
halitosis n droch anail f
halo n 1 fàinne f
2 riomball m, gen & pl riombaill
3 buaile. There is a halo round the moon, tha buaile mun ghealaich
halt n expressed with stad v, vn stad m. Evidence for the halt of the glacier can be seen in the form of a remarkably continuous end-moraine, gheibhear dearbhadh air mar a stad an eigh-shruth ann am moraine-chrìche a tha gu sònraichte leantainneach
halt v i stad, vn stad m
halter n aghastar m, gen aghastair, pl aghastairean
hamlet n 1 baile m (beag), gen baile (bhig), pl bailtean (beaga)
2 clachan m, gen & pl clachain
hammock n 1 leabaidh-chrochte f, pl leapannan-crochte
2 hamag f, gen hamaig, pl hamagan
hamper v tr cuir bacadh air, vn cur bacaidh air. To help pupils build up an easy flow which will not hamper the train of thought, clann a chuideachadh gus dòigh shaor shiùbhlach a thogail nach cuir bacadh air smuaineachadh
hand n làmh f, gen làimhe, pl làmhan
handful n 1 dòrlach m
2 grunnan m beag
handbook n leabhar-làimhe m, gen leabhair-làimhe, pl leabhraichean-làimhe
handcuffs n glas-làmh f, gen glais-làmh
handicap n bacadh m, gen bacaidh, pl bacaidhean
hand-eye a làimh-is-sùla. Using material to develop hand-eye co-ordination, a’ cleachdadh stuthan gus fàs a thoirt air co-òrdanachadh làimh-is-sùla
handle n 1 làmh f, gen làimhe, pl làmhan
2 cluas f, gen cluaise, pl cluasan
handle v tr làimhsich, vn làimhseachadh m. These skills should be handled with sensitivity, bu chòir na sgilean seo a bhith air an làimhseachadh ann an dòigh mhothachail. Pupils will read to find and handle information for a range of purposes, bidh sgoilearan a’ leughadh ach an lorg ’s an làimhsich iad fiosrachadh air sreath adhbhairean
handling n làimhseachadh m, gen làimhseachaidh. Information handling, làimhseachadh fiosrachaidh
handlebars n crann-làmh, gen croinn-làmh
hand-writing, handwriting n làmh-sgrìobhadh m, gen làmh-sgrìobhaidh. Hand-writing and presentation, làmh-sgrìobhadh agus cruth, also làmh-sgrìobhadh agus taisbeanadh. They will pay careful attention to hand-writing, bidh iad a’ toirt deagh aire do làmh-sgrìobhadh. Employ a fluent, legible style of handwriting, a’ cleachdadh stoidhle làmh-sgrìobhaidh a tha siùbhlach agus furasta a leughadh. Handwriting skills will be formally taught, bidh sgilean làmh-sgrìobhaidh air an teagasg gu foirmeil
hang v tr & i croch, vn crochadh m
hanging a
hanging valley n phr gleann m crochte, gen glinn chrochte, pl gleanntan crochte
hangover n ceann-daoraich m, gen cinn-daoraich
happen v i tachair, vn tachairt f. Teachers should ask pupils to predict what happens next, is còir do thidsearan iarraidh air a’ chloinn fàisneachd a dhèanamh air an ath rud a thachras. Pupils will ask what is happening, bidh a’ chlann a’ faighneachd dè tha a’ tachairt
happening n expressed with tachair, vn tachairt f. Thus in teaching pupils to tell the first part of a ghost story which is to create the setting for mysterious happenings, mar sin, ann a bhith ag ionnsachadh don chloinn mar a sgrìobhas iad a’ chiad phàirt de stòiridh mu thaibhseachan gus suidheachadh a thoirt am bith anns am bi nithean neònach a’ tachairt
happiness n 1 (a) àgh m, gen àigh
(b) àigh m
(c) àghmhorachd f
2 toileachadh m, gen toileachaidh
happy a 1 àghmhor, comp àghmhoire
2 àigheach
3 expressed with toileachadh m, gen toileachaidh. That poem made me happy, thug an dàn ud toileachadh dhomh
harbour n caladh m, cala m, gen calaidh, cala, pl calaidhean
hard a cruaidh, comp cruaidhe
hardness n cruas m, gen cruais. Hardness of water, cruas uisge. Water hardness (measuring) strip, stiall cruas uisge
hardboard n cruaidh-bhòrd m, gen cruaidh-bhùird
harebell n (round-leaved bellflower) (Campanula rotundifolia) 1 (a) flùr-cluigeanach m cruinn-dhuilleagach, gen fluir-chluigeanaich chruinn-dhuilleagaich, pl flùraichean-cluigeanach cruinn-dhuilleagach
(b) flùr-cluigeanach m , gen fluir-chluigeanaich, pl flùraichean-cluigeanach
2 (a) currac f na cuthaig (this name also refers to ragged robin, cornflower, and others)
(b) bròg f na cuthaig (this name also refers to pansy, bog violet, wild hyacinth, and others)
hare-lip n beàrn-mhìol m
harm n 1 cron m. In order to protect them from physical, sexual and emotional harm, airson an dìon bho chron a bhuineas do bhodhaig, do ghnè is do dh’fhaireachadh inntinn
2 beud m
harmful a 1 cronail. Harmful organisms, fàs-bheairtean cronail
2 expressed with a dh’fhaodas cron a dhèanamh
harness n acfhainn f. Horse harness, acfhainn each
Harris pr n na Hearadh
harvest n buain f, gen buana
hasty a bras, comp braise
hat n ad f, gen aide, pl adan
hate v tr bi plus gràin aig air. I hate cycling to work in the rain, tha gràin agam air a bhith a’ dol gu m’ obair air a’ bhaidhsagal anns an uisge
haugh n (land beside river) innis f, gen innse, pl innsean
haughtiness n 1 àrdan m, gen àrdain
2 àrdanachd f
3 àrd-inntinneachd f
haughty a 1 àrdanach, comp àrdanaiche
2 àrd-inntinneach, comp àrd-inntinniche
have v tr 1 (a) bi plus aig. Reading should always have a purpose, tha còir aig leughadh daonnan adhbhar a bhith aige. The approach to teaching recommended highlights the importance to teachers and pupils of having access to equipment, tha na dòighean teagaisg a thathar a’ moladh a’ sònrachadh a-mach cho cudthromach ’s a tha e do thidsearan agus do chloinn cothrom a bhith aca air uidheam. Having an understanding of genre gives writers a valuable aid in the task of communicating effectively, tha tuigse a bhith aca air gnè na chuideachadh luachmhor do luchd-sgrìobhaidh ann a bhith a’ conaltradh gu buadhmhor
(b) expressed with a thaobh plus bi plus aig. All groups who are members of CNSA will have insurance cover provided by CNSA, a thaobh nam buidhnean air fad a tha nam ball de CNSA, bithidh àrachas aca a tha air a thoirt dhaibh le CNSA
2 expressed with bi plus air. There is rhyme between the syllables having the second stress in the first three phrases and the syllable having the first stress in the fourth phrase, tha comhardadh eadar na lidean air a bheil an dara cudthrom anns a’ chiad trì abairtean agus an lide air a bheil a’ chiad chudthrom anns a’ cheathramh abairt
3 (a) expressed with bi plus an prep. She has blue eyes, tha sùilean gorm innte. The accompanying grid has the following strands, anns a’ chlèith a tha an cois seo tha na h-iallan a leanas. Poetry will have simple imagery, ’s e ìomhaigheachd shìmplidh a bhios anns a’ bhàrdachd. Poems have strong rhymes, tha comhardadh làidir ann an duain
(b) expressed with bi plus ann. In coping with the future it is essential to have an understanding of the past, ann a bhith a’ gabhail ris na h-amannan a tha ri thighinn tha e do-sheachnaichte tuigse a bhith ann air an t-saoghal a bha ann
4 expressed with bi plus à. Pupils receiving a Gaelic education will have a number of different backgrounds, bidh clann a tha a’ faighinn oideachadh ann an Gàidhlig à caochladh sheòrsachan àrainneachd
5 faigh, vn faotainn f. After the pupils have had experience of variety, aon uair ’s gu bheil a’ chlann air fiosrachadh fhaotainn air caochladh sheòrsachan. Teachers will have the security of working within a consistent language programme, gheibh tidsearan neart o bhith ag obair taobh a-staigh prògram-cànain a tha cunbhalach. They may also have a heightened sense of writing and talking for genuine purposes, faodaidh iad cuideachd am barrachd tuigse fhaotainn air a bhith a’ sgrìobhadh agus a’ labhairt gus fìor amasan a choileanadh. This is the only limerick amongst what we have of the bard’s songs, ’s i seo an aon luimneach am measg na fhuair sinn de dh’òrain a’ bhàird
have to v phr 1 feum. Listeners have to learn to select relevant information, feumaidh luchd-èisteachd ionnsachadh mar a thaghas iad fiosrachadh brìoghmhor. The teacher will have to support pupils, feumaidh an tidsear taice thoirt don chloinn. Growing independence in the analysis of the choices that have to be made, fàs ann an neo-eisimeileachd ann an eadar-sgaradh air na roghainnean a dh’fheumar a dhèanamh
2 not expressed. It is important to recognise that the form of assessment has to match the aims of the teaching process, tha e cudthromach a thuigsinn gum bi an dòigh anns a bheilear a’ measadh ann an dàimh ri amasan teagaisg
have v aux 1 expressed with air a plus vn. Texts they have written themselves, teacsaichean a tha iad fhèin air a sgrìobhadh. It has been a basic assumption that the resources required for the achievement of these targets will be made available, thathar air a bhith a’ gabhail ris mar nì bunaiteach gum bi na goireasan gan sealbhachadh air a bheil feum gus na cuimsean seo a choileanadh
2 expressed with past tense. As pupils discuss what they have written, an uair a tha a’ chlann a’ beachdachadh air na sgrìobh iad
3 expressed with past tense plus a-cheana. When pupils consider what they plan to write, or have written, an uair a tha a’ chlann a’ gabhail beachd air na tha dùil aca a sgrìobhadh no air na sgrìobh iad a-cheana
having v aux expressed with thuige sin. And having given primacy to Gaelic, agus am prìomh àite aig a’ Ghàidhlig thuige sin
haversack n abharsaig f, pl abharsaigean
hay n feur m, gen feòir
hazard n cunnart m, gen cunnairt, pl cunnartan
2 nì m a dh’fhaodadh a bhith na chunnart, pl nithean a dh’fhaodadh a bhith nan cunnart. Checks will be made on fire equipment and any fire hazards, thèid dearbhadh a dhèanamh air uidheamachd smàlaidh agus air nithean sam bith a dh’fhaodadh a bhith nan cunnart a thaobh teine
hazardous a cunnartach
haze n 1 ceò m
2 culm m
hazy a 1 ceòthach
2 (of sky) (a) (light haze) glionnach. The sky is getting hazy, tha an iarmailt a’ fàs glionnach
(b) (overcast) culmach
head n ceann m, gen & pl cinn
head of water n phr àirde f uisge
head v tr
heading n ceann m, gen & pl cinn. Find more place to put next to each heading, lorg tuilleadh àiteachan a thèid an cur ri taobh gach cinn. In titles and chapter headings, ann an tiotalan agus cinn-chaibideilean. Write the names under the right headings, sgrìobh na h-ainmean fo na cinn chearta
headband n stìom f, pl stìoman or stìomannan
header n (football) buille-chinn f, pl buillean-cinn
headlamp n, see headlight n
headland n rubha m, pl rubhaichean
headlight n ceann-solas m, gen & pl ceann-solais
headline n ceann-naidheachd m, gen & pl cinn-naidheachd. That is what the headline says, sin a tha an ceann-naidheachd ag ràdh
headquarters n pl prìomh-àros m, gen prìomh-àrois
headteacher n ceannard-sgoile m, pl ceannardan-sgoile
health n slàinte f. An argument for attending to dental health, argamaid airson aire thoirt do shlàinte fhiaclan
health and safety n phr slàinte f agus sàbhailteachd f. Health and safety standards, bun-tomhasan slàinte agus sàbhailteachd. Health and safety policy for pre-school groups, poileasaidh air slàinte agus sàbhailteachd do bhuidhnean ro-sgoile
health visitor n phr neach-tadhail m slàinte, gen neach-thadhail shlàinte, pl luchd-tadhail slàinte. The recommended policy is to encourage close liaison with health visitors, ’s e am poileasaidh a thathar a’ moladh a bhith ag àrach dlùth cheangail ri luchd-tadhail slàinte
healthy a fallain. Groups should try to ensure the use of healthy food and drink, is còir do bhuidhnean feuchainn ri dhèanamh cinnteach gun tèid biadh agus deoch fhallain a chleachdadh
heap n 1 dùn m, gen & pl dùin
2 càrn m, gen & pl cùirn. Stone heaps scattered within the enclosure suggest this had never been cultivated in a rig system, chithear sgapte air feadh an àite-iadhaidh seo cùirn de chalchan, agus bhuaidhe seo bidh e coltach nach deach àiteach fo shiostam nam feannagan
hear v tr 1 cluinn, vn cluinntinn. Choices of texts to be heard or read, taghaidhean a thaobh theacsaichean a bhithear a’ cluinntinn no a’ leughadh. In discussion of spoken texts that they have heard, ann am beachdachadh air teacsaichean labhairt a tha iad air a chluinntinn. Tape recording can help pupils hear how fluency aids the conveying of meaning, cuidichidh teiprecòrdadh a’ chlann gu bhith a’ cluinntinn mar tha fileantachd a’ cuideachadh ann a bhith a’ cur brìgh an cèill
2 èist, vn èisteachd. To allow them to hear, watch and reflect upon what they themselves and their classmates have said, gus cothrom fhaighinn air a bhith ag èisteachd, a’ coimhead agus a’ cnuasachadh air na thuirt iad fhèin agus feadhainn eile anns a’ chlas
hearing n 1 (mod) claisneachd. The teacher will identify those with hearing and speech problems, cuiridh an tidsear aithne orrasan aig a bheil trioblaidean claisneachd is bruidhne. Those with hearing impairments, iadsan air a bheil uireasbhaidhean claisneachd
2 èisteachd f. A few may reveal signs of physical difficulties in hearing, àireamh bheag, ’s dòcha, a’ nochdadh gu bheil duilgheadasan corparra aca a thaobh èisteachd
heart n 1 cridhe m
2 teis meadhan. At the heart of, ann an teis meadhan
faint-hearted a bog-chridheach, comp bog-chridhiche
heart disease n phr tinneas m cridhe, gen tinneis cridhe
by heart adv phr 1 air do theanga
2 air do mheòmhair. I have it (off) by heart, tha e agam air mo mheòmhair
hearten v tr misnich, vn misneachadh
heartened a 1 air do mhisneachadh
2 air do dheagh mhisneachadh. We are heartened by developments in the Gaelic arts, broadcasting and education, tha sinn air ar deagh mhisneachadh le na tha a’ gabhail àite sna h-ealain, an craoladh agus am foghlam Gàidhlig
heat n teas m
heat detection n phr teas-lorg m
heat exchange n phr iomlaid f teas
heat transfer n phr aiseag m teas, gen aiseig teas
heat v tr
central heating n phr teodhadh-meadhain m, gen teodhaidh-mheadhain
heater n teòdhadair m, pl teòdhadairean. There must be appropriate guards on heaters, feumaidh geàrdan iomchaidh a bhith air teòdhadairean
heath n
heath mod (botany) fraoich. Heath bedstraw, màdar-fraoich
heathen n pàganach m, gen & pl pàganaich
heather (in general: Calluna vulgaris, Erica tetralix, E. cinerea) n fraoch m, gen fraoich. The sites of the old houses appear as patches of green ground among the more sombre coloured heather, tha làraichean nan seann taighean a’ sealltainn mar mhìrean de thalamh gorm am measg an fhraoich a tha nas duirche an dath
heatshield n teas-dhìon m
heavy a trom, comp truime. Heavy industry, gnìomhachas trom
Hebrew pr n Eabhrach m, gen & pl Eabhraich
2 (language) Eabhra f
hectare n heactair m, pl heactairean
hedge n callaid f, pl callaidean
hedge mod (botany) callaid. Hedge bindweed, iadh-lus callaid
hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) n gràineag f, pl gràineagan
hedgerow n 1 callaid f, pl callaidean
2 craobhan f pl callaid
heel n bonn-dubh m, gen buinn-dhuibh, pl buinn-dhubha
heifer n agh m, gen aighe, pl aighean
height n àird f, gen àirde, pl àirdean
heighten v tr àrdaich, vn àrdachadh m
heightened a 1 expressed with tuilleadh m. A heightened awareness of “Scottishness” in a European context, an tuilleadh mothachaidh air dè as ciall da bhith Albannach ann an suidheachadh Eòrpach
2 expressed with am barrachd. They may also have a heightened sense of writing and talking for genuine purposes, faodaidh iad cuideachd am barrachd tuigse fhaotainn air a bhith a’ sgrìobhadh agus a’ labhairt gus fìor amasan a choileanadh
heirloom n ball-sinnsearachd m, gen & pl buill-shinnsearachd
helicopter n heileacoptair m, pl heileacoptairean
helium n heilium m, hilium m
helm n 1 failm f, gen failme, pl failmean
2 ailm f, gen ailme, pl ailmean
help n 1 cuideachadh m, gen cuideachaidh. Pupils begin to be much less dependent on adult help, bidh a’ chlann a’ tòiseachadh air a bhith cus nas lugha an urra ri cuideachadh o inbhich
2 cobhair f, gen cobhrach or coibhre
of help a phr 1 expressed with cuidich, vn cuideachadh m. Supported by evidence which will be of help in producing writing, le taice o dhearbhadh a chuidicheas le sgrìobhadh a chur ri chèile
2 feumail. The use of concept keyboards can also be of help, faodaidh cleachdadh chlàr-iuchrach bhun-smuain cuideachd a bhith feumail
help v tr 1 (a) cuidich, vn cuideachadh m. It will help them to undertake a systematic review, cuidichidh e iad gus breithneachadh rianail a dhèanamh. It will help teachers to plan their teaching, cuidichidh i tidsearan gu bhith a’ deasachadh an cuid teagaisg. This process should help to ensure, tha còir gun cuidicheadh seo gus dèanamh cinnteach. Helping pupils to speak confidently about themselves, a’ cuideachadh na cloinne gu bhith a’ labhairt le misneach mun deidhinn fhèin. To help you find the shop there are squares on the map, airson do chuideachadh a’ lorg na bùtha tha ceàrnagan air a’ mhapa. Pupils will be helped to adjust reading approaches to the different ways information is presented, cuidichear a’ chlann gu bhith ag atharrachadh dhòighean-leughaidh a rèir dhòighean eadar-dhealaichte anns a bheil fiosrachadh ga chur an cèill. It should help to answer teachers’ questions, tha còir gun cuidicheadh e ann a bhith a’ freagairt ceistean thidsearan. Reports based on pupils’ reading will involve the teacher in helping them to analyse the text, cuiridh aithisgean a tha air am bonntachadh air leughadh chloinne an tidsear an greim ann a bhith gan cuideachadh gus sgrùdadh a dhèanamh air an teacsa
(b) cuidich le, vn cuideachadh m le. It helps pupils’ learning to be coherent and progressive, tha i a’ cuidicheadh le ionnsachadh chloinne a dhèanamh cunbhalach agus adhartach. The attainment targets are intended to help the teacher plan what might be achieved, is e a tha air cùl nan cuimsean coileanaidh, cuideachadh a dhèanamh leis an tidsear gus deasachadh a dhèanamh fa chomhair na ghabhadh a choileanadh. Use of volunteers will help to augment the teacher’s input, bidh luchd-cuideachaidh saor-thoileach a’ cuideachadh le bhith a’ cur ris na tha an tidsear a’ dèanamh. By helping to make their own class books, le bhith a’ cuideachadh le bhith a’ dèanamh an cuid leabhraichean-clasa fhèin
(c) thoir cuideachadh do, vn toirt f cuideachaidh do. The teacher will help pupils to benefit from these, bheir an tidsear cuideachadh don chloinn gus buannachd fhaotainn asta sin
(d) expressed with bi plus na chuideachadh m. It helps listeners and readers make better sense, tha e na chuideachadh do luchd-èisteachd agus do luchd-leughaidh gus tuigse nas fheàrr fhaighinn. Discussion will help pupils to reflect, bidh beachdachadh na chuideachadh don chloinn gu bhith a’ cnuasachadh. Play situations will help pupils think, bidh suidhichidhean cluiche nan cuideachadh don chloinn ann a bhith a’ smaoineachadh. Pupils will be helped by developing knowledge about language, bidh e na chuideachadh don chloinn a bhith a’ fàs ann an eòlas air cànain. It will help teachers to adapt their programmes, bidh e na chuideachadh do na tidsearan gus am prògraman obrach ullachadh
2 thoir cothrom do, vn toirt f cothroim do. Cues which help them to sustain a brief line of argument, comharraidhean a bheir cothrom dhaibh argamaid a chumail a’ dol rè ùine ghoirid
3 thoir taice do, vn toirt f taice do. The teacher’s role is to assist in that process and to help pupils to understand the factors which can help or hinder group work ’s e àite an tidseir a bhith a’ cuideachadh leis na tha a’ dol agus taice a thoirt don chloinn gus a bhith a’ tuigsinn nan nithean a chuidicheas le obair bhuidhnean no a chuireas bacadh oirre
4 bi feumail do. Pupils will acquire knowledge about language which will help them in their talking activities, bidh a’ chlann a’ faotainn mothachadh air cànain a bhitheas feumail dhaibh ann an gnìomhan labhairt
5 expressed with cuir ri, vn cuir ri. An agreed policy statement helps ensure that everyone is clear about what they are trying to achieve, tha aithris poileasaidh aontaichte a’ cur ri cinnt gu bheil an ceann-uidhe air am bheil iad a’ feuchainn ri ruigheachd soilleir do gach neach
6 passive expressed with faigh cuideachadh. Pupils will be helped to consider the feelings of others, gheibh a’ chlann cuideachadh gu bhith a’ gabhail beachd air na faireachdainnean aig feadhainn eile
7 not expressed. Assessment should help to build the confidence necessary to cope with increasing challenge, tha còir gun tog measadh a’ mhisneach a dh’fheumar gus gabhail ris an dùbhlan mar a tha e a’ meudachadh
help with v phr cuidich le, vn cuideachadh m le. To help with this process, gus cuideachadh leis a-seo
helped by prep phr le cuideachadh o. They will learn to use these conventions, helped by reading their own work aloud to others, ionnsaichidh iad na cleachdaidhean seo a chur gu feum, le cuideachadh o bhith a’ leughadh a-mach an cuid obrach fhèin do dh’fheadhainn eile
helpful a 1 feumail. A variety of techniques will be found helpful in this process, tha caochladh dhòighean ann a bhitheas feumail anns an iomairt seo
2 expressed with na chuideachadh. It is essential to gather the evidence which will be helpful to the teacher, feumar air a h-uile cor an dearbhadh a thional a bhitheas na chuideachadh don tidsear
helpline n loidhne-thaice f, gen loidhne-taice, pl loidhneachan-taice. Twenty-four hour customer helpline, loidhne-thaice fad là is oidhche do chustamairean
hemisphere n 1 (geography) leth-chruinne m, gen leth-chruinne f
2 (geometry) leithsfear m, pl leithsfearan
hemp agrimony n, see agrimony, hemp n
henceforward adv o seo a-mach
hepatitis n heipeititeas m, gen heipeititeis. Hygiene measures adopted should be sufficient to prevent the spread of HIV and hepatitis, bu chòir gum bitheadh na dòighean-obrach slàinteachais a thèid a chur an gnìomh gu leòr gus casg a chur air HIV agus air heipeititeas o bhith a’ sgaoileadh
heptagon n seachd-cheàrnach m, gen & pl seachd-cheàrnaich
her poss a a
herb n luibh m and f, gen luibhe, pl luibhean
herb Bennet n (Geum urbanum) 1 machall-coille m, gen machaill-choille
2 beinidin m
herbicide n puinnsean-luibhean m, gen puinnsein-luibhean, pl puinnseanan-luibhean
herbivore n lus-itheadair m, pl lus-itheadairean
herd n buar m, gen & pl buair
herd v tr buachaillich, vn buachailleachd f
herding n buachailleachd f
herdsman n buachaille m, pl buachaillean
here adv 1 an seo, a seo, ann an seo, ann an sheo
2 (on this side; here, rather than away) a-bhos. He lives somewhere else, but he is always here for the New Year, tha e a’ fuireach an àiteigin eile, ach bidh e an còmhnaidh a-bhos airson na Callainne
here and there adv phr thall ’s a-bhos
heritage n dualchas m, gen dualchais
hermit n aonaran m, gen aonarain, pl aonaranan
hero n 1 gaisgeach m, gen & pl gaisgich
2 àrmann m, gen & pl àrmainn
heroic a gaisgeil
heroin n hearoin
heroine n bana-ghaisgeach f, gen & pl bana-ghaisgich
heron n (ornithology) corra f, pl corran. I think it’s a heron of some kind, saoilidh mi gur e corra de sheòrsa air choireigin a th’ ann
herons (ornithology; family Ardeidae) corran f pl, gen pl chorran. The family of herons, teaghlach nan corran
heron, grey (Ardea cinerea) n corra-ghritheach f, pl corrachan-gritheach
hero-tale n sgeulachd f ghaisge
hesitantly adv expressed with le stadaich prep phr. Speaking too quickly or too hesitantly can reduce listeners’ interest, faodaidh labhairt ro luath no le stadaich ùidh an luchd-èisteachd a lughdachadh
heterosexual a heitrea-ghnèitheil. Heterosexual intercourse, co-riachdain heitrea-ghnèitheil
hexagon n sia-cheàrnach m, gen & pl sia-cheàrnaich
hiatus n beàrn f, gen beàirn, beàrna, pl beàrnan
hibernation n cadal-geamhraidh m, gen cadail-gheamhraidh
hiccup n aileag f, gen aileig, pl aileagan
hiccups n pl expressed with an aileag, gen na h-àileig. I have hiccups, tha an aileag orm
hiccup v i 1 dèan aileag, vn dèanamh aileig. He hiccuped, rinn e aileag. He was hiccuping, bha e dèanamh aileagan
2 expressed with an aileag. He was hiccuping, bha an aileag air
hierarchical a rangachdail
hierarchy n rangachd f, pl rangachdan
high a àrd, comp àirde. High blood pressure, brùthadh-fala àrd. High standard of living, àrd-ìre dòigh-bheatha. High technology products, bathar àrd-theicneolach
high order mod phr àrd ìre. High order services, seirbhisean àrd ìre
high vowel n phr fuaimreag f àrd, gen fuaimreig àirde, pl fuaimreagan àrda
high water n phr muir-làn m, gen muir-làin. See also sv tide n
higher comp a 1 nas àirde
2 as àirde
3 expressed with a bharrachd. Higher expectations of response are expressed in the more detailed guidance which follows, tha iomradh air na thathar a’ sùileachadh a bharrachd ann am freagairtean anns an stiùireadh nas mionaidiche a leanas
4 expressed with barrachd m. Higher expectations of response, barrachd ga shùileachadh anns na freagairtean
highly adv expressed with àrd a. A more highly developed facility with language, comas-cànain aig ìre nas àirde
highbrow n àrd-inntleachdair m, pl àrd-inntleachdairean
highbrow a àrd-inntleachdail
Highlands pr n Gaidhealtachd f. Similar varied remains are found throughout the Highlands, gheibhear làraichean de chaochladh sheòrsachan mar seo air feadh na Gaidhealtachd
Eastern Highlands pr n Gaidhealtachd f an Ear
Western Highlands pr n Gaidhealtachd f an Iar. The Western Highlands contain the oldest rocks in Britain, gheibhear air a’ Ghaidhealtachd an Iar na creagan as sine ann am Breatainn
highland a 1 àrd-thìreach
2 àrd-thìre
Highland a Gaidhealach. Highland cattle, crodh Gaidhealach
Highland Clearances n phr Fuadach m nan Gaidheal
Highland woman n phr bana-Ghaidheal f, gen & pl bana-Ghaidheil
Highlander n Gaidheal m, gen & pl Gaidheil
highlight v tr 1 seulaich, vn seulachadh m. The teacher will highlight the need for relevance and accuracy, bidh an tidsear a’ seulachadh cho riatanach ’s a tha freagarrachd agus cothromachd
2 sònraich a-mach, vn sònrachadh a-mach. The approach to teaching recommended highlights the importance to teachers and pupils of having access to equipment, tha na dòighean teagaisg a thathar a’ moladh a’ sònrachadh a-mach cho cudthromach ’s a tha e do thidsearan agus do chloinn cothrom a bhith aca air uidheam
highlighting n 1 sònrachadh m, gen sònrachaidh. To use highlighting and underlining, gus sònrachadh agus fo-shràcadh a chleachdadh
2 seulachadh m, gen seulachaidh. Teachers will encourage marking and highlighting of text, bidh tidsearan a’ misneachadh comharrachadh agus seulachadh theacsaichean
3 expressed with a bhith a’ comharrachadh a-mach. By paragraphing and highlighting, le bhith a’ cur ann am paragrafan agus a’ comharrachadh a-mach
high-rise a àrd-thogte. High-rise buildings, togalaichean àrd-thogte
high-road n, see highway n
highway n rathad m mòr, gen rothaid mhòir, pl ròidean mòra
hill n 1 cnoc m, gen & pl cnuic
2 meall m, gen & pl mill. These have created the rounded shapes of the surrounding hills and hollows, ’s iad seo a chruthaich an cumadh cruinn a tha air na mill is na lagan mun cuairt. The predominant vegetation on the slopes and hills, an lusrach as cumanta air na sliosan agus air na mill
3 beinn f, gen beinne, pl beanntaichean
4 bruthach m & f, gen bruthaich, pl bruthaichean. Carry on up the hill to the next site, lean ort suas am bruthach chon na h-ath làraich
5 monadh m, gen monaidh, pl monaidhean, monaidhnean
6 aonach m, gen aonaich, pl aonaichean
7 not directly expressed. This involves climbing back up the ridge of the hill, tha seo a’ ciallachadh a bhith a’ dìreadh an àirde ris an druim a-rithist
hill mod beinne. Hill sheep, caoraich bheinne
hill-field n achadh m (monaidh), gen achaidh (mhonaidh), pl achaidhean, achaidhnean (monaidh). There are the remains of a dividing wall down the centre of the hill-field, gheibhear lorg air balla-dealachaidh sìos meadhan an achaidh. Note the more fertile grasslands of the hill-fields, thoir an aire don talamh-fheòir as torraiche a gheibhear anns na h-achaidhean
hillock n cnoc m, gen & pl cnuic. I was on the hillock, bha mi air a’ chnoc
hillside n 1 bruthach m and f, gen bruthaich, pl bruthaichean. The sheep is on the hillside, tha a’ chaora anns a’ bhruthaich. The children are playing on the hillside, tha a’ chlann a’ cluich air a’ bhruthaich
2 slios m, pl sliosan. Primroses grow on this hillside, bithidh seòbhraichean a’ fàs air an t-slios seo
3 leitir f, gen leitire and leitreach, pl leitirean and leitrichean
hilly a 1 cnocach
2 monadail
Himalayan a Hiomalaidheanach. Himalayan bamboo, bambù Hiomalaidheanach
Himalayas pr n an Hiomalaidhea f, gen na Hiomalaidhea
hinder v tr 1 bac, vn bacadh m
2 cuir bacadh air, vn cur m bacaidh air. To understand the factors which can help or hinder group work, gus a bhith a’ tuigsinn nan nithean a chuidicheas le obair bhuidhnean no a chuireas bacadh oirre
Hindi pr n (language) Indig f
hindrance n 1 bacadh m, gen bacaidh, pl bacaidhean
2 bacan m, gen & pl bacain
hinge n 1 bann m & f, banntach m, gen bainne, banntaich, pl banntan, banntaichean
2 (a) lùdan m, gen lùdain, pl lùdanan; also lùdag f, pl lùdagan
(b) lùdag f, gen lùdaig, pl lùdagan
hinge-joint n alt m lùdagach, gen uilt lùdagaich, pl uilt lùdagach
hip (of body) n cruachan m, gen cruachain
hip (rose-hip) n muc-fhàileag f, pl mucan-fàileag
hippopotamus n each-aibhne m, gen & pl eich-aibhne
his poss a a (lenites)
historian n eachdraiche m, pl eachdraichean
historic a eachdraidheach
historical a 1 eachdraidheil. While it will be important to give an historical sense of Gaelic as a culture, ged a bhitheas e cudthromach mothachadh eachdraidheil a thoirt dhaibh air a’ ghàidhlig mar chultar
2 à eachdraidh. Perhaps a fictional or historical character, ’s dòcha pearsa à ficsean no à eachdraidh
historical linguistics n phr cànanachas m eachdraidheil, gen cànanachais eachdraidheil
history n eachdraidh f. Gaelic history, eachdraidh na Gaidhealtachd
history a eachdraidh. A history text, teacsa eachdraidh
hit v tr buail, vn bualadh m
hitting n bualadh m, gen bualaidh. No hitting or kicking in the group, cha cheadaichear bualadh no breabadh sa bhuidhinn
hither adv a-nall
hither and thither adv phr 1 a-null ’s a-nall
2 thall ’s a-bhos
hitherto adv thuige seo. Pupils begin to be much less dependent on adult help and prompting than hitherto, bidh a’ chlann a’ tòiseachadh air a bhith cus nas lugha an urra ri cuideachadh agus ri coiteachadh o inbhich na bha iad thuige seo
hoe n hobha m, pl hobhaichean. I was working with the hoe, bha mi ag obair leis a’ hobha
hoe v tr tobhaig, vn tobhaigeadh m
2 bi cabadh m, dèan cabadh. He is hoeing the potatoes, tha e a’ cabadh a’ bhuntàta
hold v tr 1 cùm. vn cumail f
2 gabh, vn gabhail m. This one holds less than that one, tha am fear seo a’ gabhail nas lugha na am fear ud
3 bi plus agad. He holds a license for it, tha ceadachas aige dha. There should be at least one adult holding a recognised first-aid certificate on the premises at all times, is còir gum bi co-dhiù aon inbheach aig a bheil teisteanas aithnichte a thaobh ciad-fhuasglaidh daonnan anns an togalach
hold a discussion v phr co-bheachdaich, vn co-bheachdachadh m. He has held discussions with various groups about the use of Gaelic in education in Scotland, tha e air a bhith a’ co-bheachdachadh le caochladh bhuidhnean air cleachdadh na Gàidhlig ann am foghlam an Alba
holder n glèidheadair m, pl glèidheadairean
holiday n saor-làithean m pl
hole n toll m, gen & pl tuill
holiday n saor-làithean m pl. On holiday, air saor-làithean. They want to go on holiday, tha iad ag iarraidh dhol air saor-làithean. Holidays and travel, saor-làithean agus siubhal. They are talking about their holidays, tha iad a’ bruidhinn mu na saor-làithean aca. Summer holidays, saor-làithean an t-samhraidh
holiday camp n phr campa shaor-làithean, pl campaichean shaor-làithean
Holland pr n an Òlaind f, gen na h-Òlaind
Holland mod Òlaindeach
Hollander pr n Òlaindeach m, gen & pl Òlaindich
hollow n lag m & f, gen luig, pl lagan. These have created the rounded shapes of the surrounding hills and hollows, ’s iad seo a chruthaich an cumadh cruinn a tha air na mill is na lagan mun cuairt
hollow a 1 falamh
2 falamh na bhroinn. It was a hollow ball, ’s e bàla a bha ann a bha falamh na bhroinn
3 expressed with toll na bhroinn. The dandelion’s stem is hollow, tha lurg a’ bheàrnain-bhrìde is toll na bhroinn
hologram n holagram m
holy a naomh. The Holy City, am Baile Naomh
home n dachaigh f, pl dachaighean. Gaelic has currency in the home and the workplace, tha àite agus inbhe aig a’ Ghàidhlig anns an dachaigh agus anns an ionad-obrach. Home improvement grant, tabhartas leasachadh dachaigh
at home prep phr aig an taigh
2 anns an dachaigh. Most pupils will respond readily to events at home and in school, gabhaidh a’ chuid mhòr de chloinn gu deònach ri nithean a tha a’ dol anns an dachaigh agus anns an sgoil
care home n phr taigh-frithealaidh m, gen taigh-fhrithealaidh, pl taighean-frithealaidh. People who are in hospitals and in care homes, daoine a tha ann an taighean-eiridinn agus ann an taighean-frithealaidh
from home prep phr às an dachaigh. To explore experiences from home, gu bhith a’ rannsachadh am fiosraichidhean às an dachaigh
nursing home n phr 1 dachaigh-altraim f, pl dachaighean-altraim
2 dachaigh-eiridinn f, pl dachaighean-eiridinn
home mod 1 expressed with dachaigh f. Gaelic caters for pupils from a range of home and cultural backgrounds, tha a’ Ghàidhlig a’ gabhail ri cloinn à caochladh sheòrsachan dachaigh is dualchais
2 expressed with dachaighean. Pupils from a home or community background where Gaelic is a regular feature of their language environment, clann à dachaighean no à coimhearsnachdan anns a bheil a’ Ghàidhlig na pàirt cunbhalach den àrainneachd-chànain aca
Home Secretary n phr 1 Rùnaire m na Dùthcha, pl Rùnairean na Dùthcha
2 Rùnaire m na Rìoghachd, pl Rùnairean na Rìoghachd
home adv dhachaigh. She went home, chaidh i dhachaigh
bring home to v phr thoir a-steach air, vn toirt a-steach air. It really brought it home to me, thug e a-steach orm dha-rìribh e
homework n 1 obair-dhachaigh f, gen obrach-dachaigh
2 expressed with aig an dachaigh. Assignments that they can successfully undertake as homework, gnìomhan a thèid aca air a ghabhail os làimh aig an dachaigh
homogeneous a 1 aon-ghnèitheach
2 aon-seòrsach
homograph n co-litreachan m, gen & pl co-litreachain
homonym n co-ainmear m, gen co-ainmeir, pl co-ainmearan
homophone n co-fhuaimear m, gen co-fhuaimeir, pl co-fhuaimearan
homorganic a co-altaichte. Homorganic nasal consonant, connrag shrònach cho-altaichte homosexual a hòma-ghnèitheil
honest a onarach. Evaluative comments should be honest but encouraging, bu chòir beachdan measaidh a bhith onarach ach brosnachail
honey n mil f, gen meala
honeycomb n cìr-mheala f, gen cìre-meala, pl cìrean-meala
hood n cochall m, gen & pl cochaill. Extraction hood, cochall às-tharraing
hooded a 1 expressed with cochall air
2 curraiceach
hope n dùil f. We have good hopes that we shall be able to beat them, tha dùil mhath againn gun dèan sinn a’ chùis orra
hopper n treabhailt f, pl treabhailtean; also drabhailt f, pl drabhailtean
hopper house n phr taigh m treabhailt, pl taighean treabhailt
horizon n 1 fàire f
2 bun m speura
3 sealladh m. They should consider whether the text is likely to challenge and widen horizons, tha còir aca beachdachadh air co-dhiùbh a tha an teacsa agus coltas air gun toir e dùbhlan agus sealladh nas fharsainge don chloinn
horizontal a còmhnard
hormone n brodag f, gen brodaige, pl brodagan
horn n adharc or adhairc f, gen adhairc, pl adharcan
2 (of mountain) stùc f, gen stùic, pl stùcan
horned a 1 le adharcan
2 adharcach
horror n uabhas m, gen uabhais, pl uabhasan. In fiction, there are genres such as romances, horror, ann am ficsean tha iomadh gnè, leithid ramasan, uabhas
horseback n
on horseback prep phr air muin eich
horse-collar n braighdean m, gen braighdein
horseradish n ràcadal m, gen ràcadail. Horseradish sauce, sabhs ràcadail
horseshoe n bròg-eich f, gen bròig-eich, pl brògan-eich
hortative a (ling) earalach. Hortative mood, modh earalach
horticulture n 1 àiteach-gàrraidh m, gen àitich-ghàrraidh; also àiteach-leasa m, àiteach-liosa m
2 tuathanachas-leasa m, gen tuathanachais-leasa
hose n pìob f (uisge), pl pìoban
hospitable a aoigheil, comp aoigheala
hospital n 1 ospadal m, gen ospadail, pl ospadalan
2 taigh-eiridinn m, pl taighean-eiridinn. People who are in hospitals and in care homes, daoine a tha ann an taighean-eiridinn agus ann an taighean-frithealaidh
hospitality n aoigheachd f
hostage n bràigh m & f, gen bràighe, pl bràighdean
hot a teth, comp teotha. It is hot today, tha e teth an diugh. Hot spring, fuaran teth
hough n (back of knee-joint) iosgaid f, pl iosgaidean
hour n uair f, gen uarach, pl uairean
hour hand n phr 1 spòg f uairean, gen spòige uairean, pl spògan uairean
2 spòg f bheag, gen spòige bige, pl spògan beaga
twenty-four hour a phr expressed with fad là is oidhche. Twenty-four hour customer helpline, loidhne-thaice fad là is oidhche do chustamairean
house n taigh m, gen taighe, pl taighean
house mod 1 (a) taighe
(b) thaighean
2 expressed with far a bheil taigh. A patch of grassy ground marks another house site, tha criomag de thalamh feurach a’ comharrachadh làrach eile far an robh taigh uaireigin
house v tr
housing n taigheadas m, gen taigheadais
housing mod 1 taigheadais. Housing area, àrainn thaigheadais, raon taigheadais. Housing development, leasachadh taigheadais. Housing estates, fearainn thaigheadais. Housing pattern, pàtran taigheadais. Housing schemes, sgeimichean-taigheadais
2 thaighean. Housing schemes, sgeimichean-thaighean. Housing estate, ionad thaighean
houseboat n eathar-taigh m and f, gen eathair-taigh
householder n neach m a tha air cheann taighe
housewife n bean-taighe f, gen mnà-taighe, pl mnathan-taighe
hovel n 1 (a) bothan m, gen & pl bothain
(b) bothan-suarach, gen bothain shuaraich, pl bothain shuarach. His abode was a hovel outside the village, ’s e bothan suarach air taobh a-muigh a’ bhaile a b’ àite-còmhnaidh dha
2 bothag f, gen bothaig, pl bothagan
3 both m, gen botha, pl bothan
hovercraft n 1 bàta-foluaimein m, gen bàta-fholuaimein, pl bàtaichean-foluaimein
2 bàta-builg m, gen bàta-bhuilg, pl bàtaichean-builg
how adv 1 mar. To illustrate how each of the attainment targets may be attained, gus sealltainn mar a dh’fhaodar gach aon de na cuimsean coileanaidh a ruigsinn. Some of the examples also show how the learning and teaching activities can be linked to other targets, tha cuid de na h-eisimpleirean cuideachd a’ nochdadh mar a dh’fhaodar na gnìomhan ionnsachaidh agus teagaisg a cheangal ri cuimsean eile. Draw how the trees are shown in the plan, dèan dealbh de na craobhan mar a tha iad air an sealltainn sa phlana
2 ciamar. How should such things be taught? ciamar as còir na nithean seo a theagasg? The teacher should encourage them to say how they knew, bu chòir don tidsear am misneachadh gus innse ciamar a bha fhios aca. Media education should help pupils to understand how and where media messages are created, bu chòir do dh’oideachadh anns na meadhain clann a chuideachadh gus tuigse fhaighinn air ciamar a tha teachdaireachdan nam meadhan a’ tighinn am bith, agus càit a bheil seo a’ tachairt
3 ach ciamar. To anticipate how it might be structured, gus beachd a thoirt ro làimh ach ciamar a dh’fhaodadh e bhith air a chur ri chèile
4 expressed with seòrsa. Pupils should be given an interest in words, how they sound, tha còir ùidh na cloinne a thogail ann am faclan, an seòrsa fuaim a tha aca
5 not directly expressed. They will be required to take upon themselves the task of fleshing out the details of how they will structure and deliver the information, feumaidh iad uallach a ghabhail orra fhèin gus feòil a chur air cnàmhan dealbhachadh agus lìobhraigeadh an fhiosrachaidh. Discussions will take account of how relationships and conflicts are represented, bidh beachdachadh a’ coimhead ri riochdachadh air dàimh agus strì. In questioning how information is likely to be organised, ann a bhith a’ ceasnachadh an rian a tha dualtach a bhith air fiosrachadh
how else adv phr 1 dè na dòighean eile air. How else can coal be mined? dè na dòighean eile air gual a mhèinneadh?
2 na dòighean eile air. Find out how else it can be done, faigh a-mach na dòighean eile air a dhèanamh
how many adv phr 1 co mheud, cia mheud
2 dè na. How many of them are there? dè na th’ ann dhiubh? See how many new words you can add to the list, feuch dè na chuireas tu de dh’fhacail ùra ris an liosta
how much adv phr dè. How much time does he have in the morning? dè an ùine a bhitheas aige anns a’ mhadainn?
how to prep phr 1 mar a. How to use these guidelines, mar a chleachdar an stiùireadh seo. learning how to extend their skills in talking and listening, ionnsachadh mar a leudaicheas iad air na sgilean labhairt is èisteachd. Discussing tasks and how to deal with them, a’ beachdachadh air gnìomhan a tha ri an dèanamh agus mar a dhèiligear riutha
2 ciamar. The secretarial skills are capable of improvement only when the young writer has some notion of what to say and how to say it, cha ghabh piseach thoirt air na sgilean eagrachaidh gu bràth gus am bi rudeigin de bheachd aig an sgrìobhadair òg air dè their e agus ciamar
3 gus. To identify what the recipient needs to know, and how to make their meaning clear, gus aithne chur air na dh’fheumas an neach-amais fios a bhith aige air, agus gus dèanamh soilleir dè tha iad a’ ciallachadh. Many pupils will need to be taught how to disagree, feumaidh mòran den chloinn an teagasg gus a bhith a’ nochdadh easaonta
4 expressed with dòigh f. The teacher may gradually free such pupils to make choices about how to learn, faodaidh an tidsear saorsa a thoirt do chloinn den t-seòrsa seo gus roghainn a dhèanamh a thaobh dòigh ionnsachaidh
5 expressed with gen. Learning how to read and write requires the teaching of a gradually enlarging descriptive vocabulary, tha ionnsachadh sgrìobhaidh is leughaidh a’ cur feum air briathrachas a theagasg a tha a’ meudachadh mean air mhean
6 not expressed. A history text is very different from instructions on how to conduct an experiment, tha teacsa eachdraidh gu math eadar-dhealaichte ri seòladh mu obair dhearbhaidh a chur air adhart
however adv air. However cold it is, air cho fuar ’s a tha e
however conj 1 ge-tà. Others, however, may have pronounced, specific or complex difficulties, airson feadhainn eile, ge-tà, aig a bheil duilgheadasan follaiseach, sònraichte no ioma-chruthach
2 na dhèidh sin. Some, however, will need different approaches, na dhèidh sin, feumaidh cuid slighean eadar-dhealaichte
3 air a shon sin. However, no learning activity has these elements tidily separated, air a shon sin, chan eil na h-earrainnean seo air an sgaradh gu rèidh ann an gnìomh ionnsachaidh sam bith. However, there are certain features common to Gaelic medium schools everywhere, air a shon sin tha nithean ann a bhuineas do na sgoiltean Gàidhlig uile ge b’e air bith càit a bheil iad
4 ach. However, the teacher should also take this as a teaching opportunity, ach bu chòir don tidsear cothrom-ionnsachaidh a dhèanamh dheth. It is not, however, the business of media education to choose one view at the expense of another, ach cha bhuin e do dh’oideachadh mu na meadhain a bhith a’ taghadh aon seallaidh ’s a’ cur sìos air fear eile
5 a dh’aindeoin sin. They will still, however, need to be supported by the teacher, bidh feum aca fhathast, a dh’aindeoin sin, air taice bhon tidsear. These targets do not, however, provide detailed assessment criteria, a dh’aindeoin sin chan fhaighear o na cuimsean seo comharraidhean-measaidh mionaideach
6 expressed with ’s gum bi. Praise of attempts, however limited, moladh ga dhèanamh air oidhirpean, beag ’s gum bi iad
hug v tr dèan gaol air, vn dèanamh gaoil air. She lifted up the rabbit and hugged and hugged it, thog i an coineanach ’s rinn i gaol mòr mòr air
huge a 1 (a) mòr. We were shown the huge accumulators, chaidh na taisg-cheallan mòra a shealltainn dhuinn
(b) fìor mhòr
2 ana-mhòr
hum v tr & i 1 bi a’ crònan. He was humming a song, bha e a’ crònan òran
2 dèan crònan, vn dèanamh crònain. Hum a bit of the song for me, dèan pìos den òran a chrònan dhomh
human n mac an duine m. Money is available for research on animals, but not for humans, tha airgead ann airson rannsachadh a dhèanamh air beathaichean, ach chan ann airson mac an duine
human a 1 daonna. Human features (on a map), feartan daonna
2 expressed with mar a bhuineas sinn ri daondachd. Language and communication are human and social priorities, tha prìomh inbhe aig cànain agus aig conaltradh a thaobh mar a bhuineas sinn ri daondachd agus coimhearsnachd
3 expressed with eadar daoine. Human relationships, dàimh eadar daoine
4 not directly expressed. Though the land may have been occupied from the times of the earliest human settlement, ged a dh’fhaodadh e bhith gu robh luchd-tuineachaidh bho na h-amannan a bu tràithe a’ gabhail còmhnaidh san àite
humid a tais. At that time Scotland enjoyed a rather warm, humid climate, aig an àm ud clìomaid gu math blàth, tais ann an Alba
humidity n taisead m, gen taiseid
humiliation n 1 tàmailt f, pl tàmailtean
2 expressed with tàmailtich, vn tàmailteachadh m. No smacking, shaking or humiliation, cha bhithear a’ toirt sgleogan, a’ crathadh, no a’ tàmailteachadh
humorous a 1 àbhachdach, comp àbhachdaiche. Humorous writings, sgrìobhaidhean àbhachdach
2 abhcaideach, comp abhcaidiche
humour n 1 àbhachd f
2 àbhachdas m, gen àbhachdais, or àbhacas m, gen àbhacais
humus n hùmas m, gen hùmais
hundred n ceud m, pl ceudan. Hundreds of people visit the shop every day, bidh ceudan dhaoine a tadhal air a’ bhùth gach latha. The graph shows how many hundreds of people visited it, tha an graf a’ sealltainn cia mheud ceud duine a thadhail oirre
hundred a ceud (followed by nom sing)
Hungarian pr n 1 Ungaireach m, gen & pl Ungairich
2 (language) Ungairis f
Hungarian a Ungaireach
Hungary pr n an Ungair f, gen na h-Ungair
hunger n acras m, gen acrais
hungry a 1 acrach, comp acraiche
2 acrasach, comp acrasaich
hunt n sealg f
hunt v tr sealg, vn sealg f. He is hunting hares, tha e a’ sealg gearran
hurdle n 1 cliath f, gen clèithe, pl cliathan
2 expressed with duilgheadas m a bhith a’ tighinn air, gen duilgheadais…, pl, duilgheadasan…. Without the additional hurdle of another skill such as writing, gun duilgheadas a bharrachd a bhith a’ tighinn orra o sgil eile mar tha leughadh
hurricane n 1 doineann f, gen doininn, pl doineannan
2 expressed with stoirm f mhòr, gen stoirme mòire. It was blowing a hurricane, bha stoirm mhòr ghaoithe ann
3 (Beaufort scale force 12) doineann f, gen doininn, pl doineannan
hurry n cabhag f, gen cabhaig
in a hurry a phr 1 ann an cabhaig. He is in a hurry, tha e ann an cabhaig
2 expressed with cabhag air. He is in a hurry, tha cabhag air
hurt n ciùrradh m, gen ciùrraidh, pl ciùrraidhean
hurt v tr ciùrr, vn ciùrradh m. It didn’t hurt you, cha do chiùrr e thu
husband n You each got a husband in Lochcarron! fhuair sibh fear an duine an Loch Carrann!
husk n 1 plaosg m, gen & pl plaoisg
2 cochall m, gen & pl cochaill
husks (of corn) n pl càth f, gen càtha and càthann. As light as husks, cho mìn ris a’ chàthainn (proverb)
hut n 1 bothan m, gen & pl bothain. Small huts of stone and turf were built for the people at the shielings, bha bothain bheaga chloiche agus fhàil air an togail do mhuinntir na h-àirigh
2 bothag f, gen bothaig, pl bothagan
3 both m, gen botha, pl bothan
hydrant n haidreant m, pl haidreantan
hydrocarbon n hiodrocarbon m
hydro-electricity n dealan-uisge m, gen dealain-uisge
hydrofoil n hiodrofoidhl m
hydrogen n hidrigin m
• haidridsean m, gen haidridsein. Hydrogen ion, ion haidridsein
hydrogeology n hidrigeòlas m, gen hidrigeòlais
hydrography n muir-eòlas m, gen muir-eòlais
hydrological a
hydrological cycle n phr cuairt-uisgeachaidh f, pl cuairtean-uisgeachaidh
hydrology n hidreòlas m, gen hidreòlais. Hydrology is the science of water, ’s e hidreòlas an t-eòlas a bhuineas do dh’uisge
hygiene n slàinteachas m, gen slàinteachais. All equipment should reach high standards of hygiene and cleanliness, is còir don uidheamachd air fad ìre àrd a ruighinn a thaobh slàinteachais agus glàine
hygiene mod slàinteachais. Hygiene measures adopted should be sufficient to prevent the spread of HIV, bu chòir gum bitheadh na dòighean-obrach slàinteachais a thèid a chur an gnìomh gu leòr gus casg a chur air HIV o bhith a’ sgaoileadh
hygienic a slàinteachail
hygienically adv gu slàinteachail. All food must be hygienically prepared and stored, feumaidh am biadh air fad a bhith air ullachadh agus air a stòradh gu slàinteachail
hygrology n taiseòlas m, gen taiseòlais
hygroscopic a tais-sgòpach
hyperbole n àibheiseachadh m, gen àibheiseachaidh. The bard is of course using hyperbole here, tha e soilleir gu bheil am bàrd ri àibheiseachadh an seo
hypermarket n 1 supermarcaid f, pl supermarcaidean
2 uile-mhargadh m, gen uile-mhargaidh, pl uile-mhargaidhean
hyphen n sgrìob-cheangail f, pl sgrìoban-ceangail
hypnosis n suainealas m, gen suainealais. Self-hypnosis, fèin-shuainealas
hypnotic a suainealach
hypnotism n suainealachadh m, gen suainealachaidh
hypnotist n suainealaiche m, pl suainealaichean
hypocorism n meas-ainm m, pl meas-ainmean
hypocorostic a meas-ainmeil
hypocrisy n 1 cealgaireachd f
2 (a) saobh-chràbhadh m, gen saobh-chràbhaidh
(b) breug-chràbhadh m, gen breug-chràbhaidh
hypocrite n 1 cealgair m, pl cealgairean
2 (a) saobh-chràbhach m, gen & pl saobh-chràbhaich
(b) breug-chràbhaiche m, pl breug-chràbhaichean
hypocritical a 1 (a) saobh-chràbhach
(b) breug-chràbhach
2 dà-aodannach. A hypocritical smile, faite-ghàire dhà-aodannach
hypotactic a fo-inbheach
hypotaxis n fo-inbheachd f
hypothesis n beachd-bharail f, gen beachd-bharaile, beachd-bharalach, pl beachd-bharailean, beachd-bharalaichean
hypothesise v i 1 beachd-bharailich, vn beachd-bharaileachadh m
2 barailich, vn baraileachadh m. You are only hypothesising, chan eil thu ach a’ baraileachadh
I
iambic a iambach. We should simply have trochaic (or iambic) feet throughout the whole song, ’s e dìreach troighean tròicèach (no iambach) a bhitheadh againn tron òran air fad
iambus n iamb m, pl iamban
ice n 1 eigh f, gen eighe
2 deigh f, gen deighe
3 eighre f
ice age n phr linn f eighe, pl linntean eighe; linn f dheighe, pl linntean deighe. This area suffered extensive scouring from erosion by glaciers during the ice ages of the last 2 million years, fhuair an t-àite seo mòran sgùraidh bho bhith air a bhleith le eigh-shruthan tro linntean-eighe an 2 mhillean bliadhna a chaidh seachad
Ice Age pr n Linn f Eighe, pl Linntean Eighe; Linn f Dheighe, pl Linntean Deighe
ice cap n phr ceap-eighe m, gen cip-eighe, ceap-eighe, pl ceapan-eighe; ceap-deighe m, gen cip-dheighe, ceap-dheighe, pl ceapan-deighe
ice dome n phr cuach-mhullaich f eighe, gen cuaich-mullaich eighe, pl cuachan-mullaich eighe; cuach-mhullaich f dheighe, gen cuaich-mullaich deighe, pl cuachan-mullaich deighe
ice field n phr raon m eighe, gen raoin eighe, pl raointean eighe; raon m deighe, gen raoin dheighe, pl raointean deighe
iceberg n 1 cnoc-eighe m, gen & pl cnuic-eighe; cnoc-deighe m, gen & pl cnuic-dheighe
2 beinn-eighe m, pl beanntan-eighe; beinn-dheighe m, gen beinne-deighe, pl beanntan-deighe
ice-cream n reòiteag f, gen reòiteig, pl reòiteagan
Iceland pr n 1 Ìoslainn f
2 Innis f Tìle, gen Innis Tìle
Icelander pr n 1 Ìoslannach m, gen & pl Ìoslannaich
2 Innis-Tìleach m, gen & pl Innis-Tìlich
Icelandic pr n (language) 1 Ìoslannais f
2 Innis-Tìlis f
Icelandic a 1 Ìoslannach
2 Innis-Tìleach
ice-rink n 1 rionc-deighe m, pl rioncan-deighe
2 ionad m spèilidh, gen ionaid spèilidh, pl ionadan spèilidh
ice-sheet n brat-eighe m, pl bratan-eighe; brat-deighe m, gen brat-dheighe, pl bratan-eighe. The edge of the ice-sheet, oir a’ bhrat-eighe
• clàr-deighe m, gen & pl clàir-dheighe
ice-skate n bròg-spèilidh f, pl brògan-spèilidh
ice-skating n spèileadh m, gen spèilidh
icicle n stob m reòta, gen stuib reòta, pl stoban reòta
idea n 1 (a) smuain f, pl smuaintean; also smaoin f, pl smaointean. Receiving ideas, a’ faotainn smuaintean. Identify subsidiary ideas, a’ comharrachadh fo-smuaintean. To reflect upon ideas, experiences and opinions, gus cnuasachadh air smaointean, fiosraichidhean agus beachdan. Showing that they understand one important idea, a’ nochdadh gu bheil iad a’ tuigsinn aon smuain a tha cudthromach. Show that they understand the gist of the text, its main ideas and/or feelings, a’ nochdadh gu bheil iad a’ tuigsinn màthair-adhbhair an teacsa agus nam prìomh smuaintean agus/no nam prìomh fhaireachdainnean aige. To communicate key events, facts or ideas, gus prìomh thachartasan no fhiosrachadh no smuaintean a chur an cèill
(b) expressed with bi a’ smaoineachadh. To examine their own ideas, sgrùdadh a dhèanamh air na tha iad fhèin a’ smaoineachadh
2 bun-smuain f, pl bun-smuaintean. The form of assessment of these ideas should be one which allows pupils to record their understandings, tha còir aig cruth measadh nam bun-smuaintean seo cothrom a thoirt don chloinn a bhith a’ dèanamh iomraidh air na nithean a tha iad a’ tuigsinn
3 beachd-smuain f, pl beachd-smuaintean
4 beachd m. Target audience develops from the broad idea of audience, tha luchd-amais sònraichte a’ fàs a-mach às a’ bheachd choitcheann a tha ann air luchd-amais. Since several pupils are able to plan and organise ideas together, seach gu bheil comas aig grunnan chloinne planadh a dhèanamh agus rian a chur air beachdan còmhla. To locate subsidiary ideas, gus lorg fhaighinn air fo-bheachdan
5 bun-bheachd m, pl bun-bheachdan. That is an interesting idea, ’s e bun-bheachd inntinneach a tha sin. They should be introduced to the idea of target audience, tha còir an cur an aithne bun-bheachd “luchd-amais sònraichte”. The advice and ideas in this section, a’ chomhairle agus na bun-bheachdan anns an earrainn seo. Show that they understand the main ideas, a’ nochdadh gu bheil iad a’ tuigsinn nam prìomh bhun-bheachdan. To initiate new ideas, a bhith a’ cur bhun-bheachdan ùra mu choinneamh chàich. Ideas can be shared, faodar iomlaid a dhèanamh air bun-bheachdan
6 tùs-bheachd m, pl thùs-bheachdan. It is through talk that the pupil makes sense of the range of ideas in the curriculum, is ann tro labhairt a bheir am pàiste brìgh às an iomadalachd thùs-bheachdan a tha anns a’ chlàr-theagaisg sin
subsidiary idea n phr fo-smuain f, pl fo-smuaintean. Identify subsidiary ideas, a’ comharrachadh fo-smuaintean
ideal a 1 buileach freagarrach
2 expressed with as àirde tha ri fhaotainn. Rather than having the gap exposed between their present attainments and some ideal level of performance, ’s chan ann a’ foillseachadh na beàrna eadar na thèid aca air a dhèanamh an-ceartuair agus ìre choileanaidh air choireigin as àirde tha ri fhaotainn
idealogical a beachd-smuainealach
ideology n beachd-smuainealas m, gen & pl beachd-smuainealais
identical a 1 ionann
2 ionannach
identifiable a 1 expressed with air comharrachadh. No learning or teaching activity has these elements tidily separated and distinctly identifiable, chan eil na h-earrainnean seo air an sgaradh gu rèidh agus air an comharrachadh gu soilleir ann an gnìomh ionnsachaidh no gnìomh teagaisg sam bith
2 expressed with gus an aithnichear. Tasks should have clear, identifiable objectives, tha còir amasan soilleir a bhith aig iomairtean gus an aithnichear iad
identification n 1 aithneachadh m, gen aithneachaidh. To develop skills in attention and recall and the identification of sounds, gus sgilean aire agus cuimhne agus aithneachadh fhuaim a thoirt air adhart
2 expressed with aithnich, vn aithneachadh m. Until pupils are confident in identification of these distinguishing features, gus am bi misneach aig a’ chloinn ann a bhith ag aithneachadh nan comharraidhean eadar-dhealaichte seo
3 expressed with cuir aithne air, vn cur m aithne air. Fact and opinion are used to discuss the identification of bias, bithear a’ cleachdadh fìrinn agus beachd gus beachdachadh air a bhith a’ cur aithne air claon-bhreith
identify v tr 1 comharraich, vn comharrachadh m. The school will identify, assess and respond to all such needs, bidh an sgoil a’ comharrachadh, a’ measadh agus a’ freagairt gach feum den t-seòrsa sin. Where a feature identified earlier in a target does not appear subsequently in the strand, far a bheil rud air choireigin a chomharraicheadh na bu thràithe ann an cuimse a’ sgur a nochdadh as a dhèidh sin anns an èill. And that they should also have the experiences identified in later targets, agus gum bi cothrom aca cuideachd air a bhith a’ fiosrachadh nan nithean a thathar a’ comharrachadh ann an cuimsean nas àirde. Teachers should lead pupils to identify elements such as bias, tha còir aig na tidsearan a bhith a’ stiùireadh na cloinne gu bhith a’ comharrachadh nithean mar tha claon-bheachd
2 comharraich a-mach, vn comharrachadh m a-mach. Identify a few obvious features of form and content, a’ comharrachadh a-mach beagan de nithean follaiseach a bhuineas do chruth agus do shusbaint
3 cuir aithne air, vn cur m aithne air. The pupil will identify relevant information, cuiridh am pàiste aithne air fiosrachadh freagarrach. Identify features of form and content, a’ cur aithne air comharraidhean cruth is susbaint. To identify the particular positions being taken by speakers or texts, gus aithne chur air na beachdan sònraichte aig luchd-labhairt no aig teacsaichean. To identify what the recipient needs to know, gus aithne chur air na dh’fheumas an neach-amais fios a bhith aige air. To use highlighting, underlining and other textual markers in identifying relevant information, gus sònrachadh, fo-shràcadh agus comharraidhean teacsail eile a chleachdadh ann a bhith a’ cur aithne air fiosrachadh sònraichte. Differences between narrative and description can be identified, faodar aithne a chur air eadar-dhealachaidhean eadar sgeul agus tuairisgeal. The nature of the language components have been redefined and their aspects identified, chomharraicheadh as ùr nàdar nan earrainnean-cànain, agus chuireadh aithne air na bhuineas dhaibh
4 aithnich, vn aithneachadh m. Children should be invited to identify these differences, bu chòir cuireadh a thoirt don chloinn na h-eadar-dhealachaidhean seo aithneachadh. They should be encouraged not merely to identify its basic type, bu chòir am misneachadh chan ann a-mhàin gus aithneachadh dè an seòrsa a tha ann. Pupils are expected to identify ideas or feelings in a text, thathar a’ sùileachadh gum bi a’ chlann ag aithneachadh bhun-smuaintean no fhaireachdainnean ann an teacsa
5 soilleirich vn soillearachadh m. Which identified a need for, a shoilleirich feum airson. Which would identify, a shoillearachadh
6 lorg, vn lorg f. To identify and express reasons, gus a bhith a’ lorg agus a’ cur an cèill adhbhar. Pupils will be helped to identify the sequence of information, cuidichear a’ chlann gu bhith a’ lorg òrdugh an fhiosrachaidh
7 faigh ròs air vn faighinn f ròs air. They should be able to identify intended audience, tha còir gun tèid aca air ròs fhaighinn air an luchd-amais air a bheilear a’ cuimseachadh. To identify a variety of resources, gus ròs fhaighinn air caochladh ghoireasan. To identify main and supporting ideas, gu bhith a’ faighinn ròs air na prìomh bhun-bheachdan agus air an fheadhainn a tha a’ cur riutha sin. Provided that it helps teacher and pupil to achieve a balanced view of the pupil’s performance, and to identify areas for further development, fhad ’s a chuidicheas e an tidsear agus am pàiste gus sealladh cothromach fhaotainn air na tha am pàiste a’ coileanadh, agus gus ròs fhaighinn air na raointean a tha a’ cur feum air an tuilleadh leasachaidh
8 thoir an aire, vn toirt f an aire. They will begin to identify the need for capitals and full stops, tòisichidh iad air an aire thoirt gu bheil feum air litrichean mòra agus air puingean stad
identify with v phr dlùthaich ri, vn dlùthachadh m ri. Pupils should be helped to identify with characters, tha còir a’ chlann a chuideachadh gus a bhith a’ dlùthachadh ris na pearsachan
identified a 1 air comharrachadh. Identified (pl) in bold type, air an comharrachadh le clò trom. On the outcomes identified in the Rationale, air na builean a chaidh a chomharrachadh anns an Fheallsanachd
2 expressed with a chomharraicheadh. This will include the more intensive use of that range of materials identified at Intermediate level, bidh seo a’ gabhail a-steach cleachdadh nas dèine air na seòrsachan stuthan a chomharraicheadh aig Meadhan Ìre
identifying n expressed with a bhith a’ cur an aithne. Identifying the genre of a text is a skill which leads to a better understanding of texts, ’s e sgil a tha ann a bhith a’ cur aithne air gnè teacsa a thig gu eòlas nas fheàrr air teacsaichean fhèin
identity n 1 ionannachd f
2 not directly expressed. This will provide pupils with a sense of personal and cultural identity, bheir seo mothachadh don chloinn orra fhèin gu pearsanta agus gu cultarail
idiocy n amaideas m, gen amaideis
idiolect n uaigneas-chainnt f, pl uaigneas-chainntean
idiom n gnàthas-cainnt m, gen gnàthais-cainnt, pl gnàthasan-cainnt
idiomatic a 1 gnàthasach. Idiomatic Gaelic, Gàidhlig ghnàthasach
2 expressed with gnàthas-cainnt m, pl gnàthasan-cainnt. Pupils will use language with some grasp of idiomatic expressions, bidh a’ chlann a’ cleachdadh cànain agus tomhas de ghreim a bhith aca air gnàthasan-cainnt. In idiomatic and proverbial sayings, ann an gnàthasan-cainnte ’s ann an seanfhaclan
idiot n amadan m, gen & pl amadain
idiotic a amaideach, comp amaidiche
if conj 1 ma (plus rel v). If he comes, ma thig e
2 na, nan, nam (plus dep v). If he had come, nan robh e air tighinn
3 (a) a, an, am (plus dep v). Ask him if he is coming, faighnich ris a bheil e a’ tighinn. Now you can see if the football pitch is larger or smaller than the playground, chì thu a-nis a bheil an raon ball-coise nas motha no nas lugha na an raon-cluiche
(b) ach a, ach an, ach am (plus dep v). See if he is coming, seall ach a bheil e a’ tighinn
4 ged a (plus rel v). Pupils should be encouraged to speak in Gaelic even if they do so in a combination of Gaelic and English, bu chòir a’ chlann a mhisneachadh gus a bhith a’ bruidhinn anns a’ Ghàidhlig fiùs ged a b’ ann an cothlamadh de Ghàidhlig ’s de Bheurla
if not, if … not conj phr mur. If he does not come, mur tig e
igloo n taigh-sneachda m, pl taighean-sneachda
igneous a teinntidh. Igneous rock, creag theinntidh
ignition n (car) adhnadh m, gen adhnaidh
ignorance n 1 aineolas m, gen aineolais
2 ainfhios m, gen ainfhiosa
ignorant a 1 aineolach, comp aineolaiche
2 ainfhiosrach, comp ainfhiosraiche
ill a 1 expressed with gu tinn. She’s been ill, tha i air a bhith gu tinn. Investigation of a substance washed ashore that has caused a number of people to become ill, rannsachadh air stuth a thàinig air tìr agus a dh’fhàg grunn dhaoine gu tinn
2 bochd, comp bochda
very ill a phr 1 glè thinn
2 bochd
illness n tinneas m, gen tinneis, pl tinneasan. Procedures must be in place to cover the event of illness or an accident, feumaidh dòighean-obrach a bhith stèidhichte a choinnicheas ri suidheachadh tinneis no tubaist
illustrate v tr 1 cuir dealbhan an
2 seall, vn sealltainn. To illustrate how each of the attainment targets may be attained, gus sealltainn mar a dh’fhaodar gach aon de na cuimsean coileanaidh a ruigsinn
3 expressed with bi mar eisimpleir air cuid de. The means of assessment listed below illustrate possible approaches available to the teacher, tha na modhan measaidh a tha air an cur sìos gu h-ìosal mar eisimpleir air cuid de dhòighean air a bheil cothrom aig an tidsear
illustrated a 1 le dealbh. The text may be, for example, a poem, an illustrated page from a children’s book, or a spoken message, mar eisimpleirean de theacsaichean tha dàn, duilleag le dealbh bho leabhar chloinne, no teachdaireachd bheòil
2 le dealbhan nan cois. They will learn to listen to expositions which are illustrated by overhead transparencies, ionnsaichidh iad mar a dh’èisteas iad ri iomraidhean le dealbhan os an cionn nan cois
as illustrated adv phr 1 mar a chithear san dealbh.
2 mar a tha an dealbh a’ sealltainn. Walls both of turf and stone can be traced in this area as illustrated, gheibhear lorg air gàrraidhean an dà chuid de dh’fhàl is de chloich san àite seo mar a tha an dealbh a’ sealltainn
illustration n dealbh f or m, pl dealbhan. They will be supported with illustrations or moving pictures, gheibh iad taice o dhealbhan no o fhilmichean. The teacher will draw attention to covers and cover illustrations, bidh an tidsear a’ tarraing an aire gu còmhdaichean agus dealbhan-còmhdaich. Since illustrations in story text often differ from those in informational texts, oir tha na dealbhan a bhitheas ann an teacsa stòiridh gu tric eadar-dhealaichte ris an fheadhainn a tha ann an teacsaichean fiosrachaidh
illustrative a expressed with gus solas a chuir air. Children will be asked to produce short oral or written accounts of what they have heard and make illustrative diagrams, bidh a’ chlann a’ cur ri chèile cunntasan goirid ann an cainnt-bheòil no ann an sgrìobhadh agus bidh iad a’ dèanamh diagraman gus solas a chur air na cunntasan
image n ìomhaigh f, pl ìomhaighean. Whether in print, sound or moving image, co-dhiù tha iad ann an clò, ann am fuaim no ann an ìomhaigh ghluasadaich. Projection of a lively, modern image of Gaelic, foillseachadh air ìomhaigh bheothail na Gàidhlig anns an latha an diugh. Such as body language and visual images, mar tha cainnt bhodhaig agus ìomhaighean faicsinneach
imagery n ìomhaigheachd f. Poetry will have simple imagery, ’s e ìomhaigheachd shìmplidh a bhios anns a’ bhàrdachd. Simile and metaphor will be used in the study of imagery within texts, cleachdar samhla agus meatafor ann am beachdachadh air ìomhaigheachd ann an teacsaichean
imaginary a mac-meanmnach. With degrees of formality that will depend on the writer’s familiarity, which may be real or imaginary, with the target readership, aig ìrean foirmealachd a bhitheas a’ dol a-rèir ’s dè an t-eòlas — fìrinneach no mac-meanmnach — a tha aig an sgrìobhadair air a luchd-amais
imagination n mac-meanmna m. Through Drama, stimulating and exciting activities can be created to exercise the imagination, tro Dhràma faodar gnìomhan togarrach agus beothachail a chur air chois gus am mac-meanmna a ghluasad. Provide a language environment which stimulates pupils’ imaginations, àrainneachd-chànain a thairgse a bheothaicheas mac-meanmna na cloinne
imaginative a 1 mac-meanmnach. To develop their imaginative writing, gus an cuid sgrìobhaidh mhac-meanmnaich a thoirt air adhart. The positive effects of careful and imaginative layout and presentation, cho fìor fheumail ’s a tha cruth is foillseachadh cùramach, mac-meanmnach
2 expressed with mac-meanmna m gen. Role-play, expressive activities etc. can be starting points for imaginative explorations, faodaidh rannsachaidhean mac-meanmna fàs a-mach à cluich-riochd, cur an cèill agus mar sin. Imaginative versatility, ioma-chomas mac-meanmna
3 expressed with o mhac-meanma m. Imaginative writing, sgrìobhadh o mhac-meanma. Write a brief, imaginative story, a’ sgrìobhadh stòiridh ghoirid o mhac-meanma
4 expressed with tro mhac-meanmna m. It will permit imaginative investigation of situations apparently remote from themselves, bheir e cothrom do rannsachadh tro mhac-meanmna air suidhichidhean a shaoileadh tu a tha aig astar bhuapa fhèin
imaginatively adv 1 gu cruthachail. Pupils will write functionally, personally and imaginatively, bidh sgoilearan a’ sgrìobhadh gu gnìomhach, gu pearsanta agus gu cruthachail
2 expressed with tro mhac-meanmna. By encouraging the pupils to participate imaginatively, ma tha clann air am misneachadh gu bhith a’ gabhail pàirt tro mhac-mheanmna
imagine v tr smaoinich, vn smaoineachadh m. Imagine you are going to the shop to buy the items on the shopping list, smaoinich gu bheil thu a’ dol chun na bùtha a cheannach nan rudan a tha air an liosta-bhùth
imagined a anns a’ mhac-meanmna. An animal may become a focus for imagined events, faodaidh ainmhidh a thighinn gu bhith ann an teis mheadhan nithean a tha a’ tachairt anns a. mhac-mheanmna
imitate v tr 1 atharrais, vn atharrais f
2 atharrais air, vn atharrais f air. Real models of effective Gaelic whose features they can explore, imitate or adapt to suit their needs, eisimpleirean dligheach de Ghàidhlig dhòigheil a dh’fhaodas iad a rannsachadh no atharrais orra no atharrachadh mar as fheàrr a fhreagras orra fhèin
3 dèan atharrais f air, vn dèanamh atharrais air
imitation n atharrais f. In poetry writing imitation of specific forms can be demonstrated and explored, ann an sgrìobhadh bàrdachd faodar atharrais air modhan sònraichte a thaisbeanadh agus a rannsachadh
immature a 1 an-abaich
immediate a 1 a tha ann an ceartuair. The teacher can also go beyond the immediate purposes of the reading, faodaidh an tidsear a dhol seach nan adhbhar leughaidh a tha ann an-ceartuair
2 expressed with dlùth preceding n. Others may have no immediate contact with Gaelic, cuid eile, ’s dòcha, aig nach eil dlùth cheangal idir ris a’ Ghàidhlig
3 aithghearr. Immediate tense, tràth aithghearr
in the immediate area prep phr expressed with suidhichte faisg air làimh. The outcrop of rock has probably been quarried to supply stone for the buildings in this immediate area, bidh e coltach gun deach clach a chosnadh bhon chreagan do na togalaichean a tha suidhichte faisg air làimh
immediately adv 1 air ball
2 às spot
3 anns a’ bhad
4 expressed with sa mhionaid. By demanding skills which are not yet immediately available, le bhith a’ sùileachadh sgilean nach gabh làmh a thoirt orra sa mhionaid
5 expressed with astar goirid. The path crosses a turf dyke immediately west of one of these rocky outcrops, tha an ceum a’ dol tarsainn air gàrradh-fàil astar goirid an iar air fear de na dromannan creagach seo
immense a 1 fìor mhòr
2 an-mhòr. It has an immense surface area, tha farsaingeachd uachdair an-mhòr aige
3 àibheiseach
immensely adv expressed with fìor … mòr. Role-play and improvisation are immensely valuable as precursors to researching and writing about characters, tha fìor luach mòr ann a bhith a’ dol an riochd eile, le ullachadh no às aonais, mun tèid iad an sàs ann an rannsachadh agus ann an sgrìobhadh mu phearsachan
immensity n ana-cuimse f
immerse v tr tum, vn tumadh m
immersion n 1 tumadh m, gen tumaidh, pl, tumaidhean
2 drùdhadh m
immersion mod dhrùdhaidh. This is the immersion phase, is e seo an ùine dhrùdhaidh
immigrant n inimiriche m, pl inimirichean
immigration n inimirich f
• imrich-a-steach f
immiscible a do-mheasgachaidh. Immiscible liquids, lionnaichean do-mheasgachaidh
immoral a 1 mì-mhoralta
2 mì-bheusach
immorality n mì-mhoraltachd f
immunisation n dìonadh m, gen dìonaidh
impact n
visual impact n phr 1 expressed with tarraing na sùla. This increases awareness of visual impact, cuiridh sin ri mothachadh air tarraing na sùla
2 expressed with bi a’ tarraing na sùla. Composing text which has visual impact, a’ cur ri chèile teacs a tha a’ tarraing na sùla
impairment n 1 duilgheadas m, pl duilgheadasan. Sensory impairments, duilgheadasan mothachail
2 uireasbhaidh f, pl uireasbhaidhean. Sensory impairments, uireasbhaidhean mothachaidh. Those with hearing impairments, iadsan air a bheil uireasbhaidhean claisneachd. Pupils with visual impairment, clann le uireasbhaidh fradhairc. They may observe listening behaviour in order to detect a possible listening impairment, faodaidh iad coimhead air giùlan ann an èisteachd gus ròs fhaighinn air uireasbhaidh claisneachd a dh’fhaodadh a bhith ann
sensory impairment n phr 1 duilgheadas m mothachail, pl duilgheadasan mothachail. Pupils with sensory impairments in particular, sgoilearan aig a bheil duilgheadasan mothachail gu h-àraidh
2 uireasbhaidh f mhothachaidh, pl uireasbhaidhean mothachaidh. Those with sensory impairments may need specialist help, dh’fhaoidte gum bi feum acasan air a bheil uireasbhaidhean mothachaidh air taice shònraichte
visual impairment n phr 1 uireasbhaidh f fhradhairc, pl uireasbhaidhean fradhairc
2 expressed with gann anns an fhradharc. A pupil with visual impairment, pàiste a tha gann anns an fhradharc
impart v tr cuir an cèill, vn cur m an cèill. The teacher, in imparting information in the classroom, will provide an important model for the pupils, ann a bhith a’ cur fiosrachaidh an cèill anns a’ chlas, bidh an tidsear a’ toirt eisimpleir chudthromaich don chloinn
impede v tr cuir bacadh air, vn cur m bacaidh air. Noting and attending to specific problems which may impede the learning process, a’ gabhail cunntais air duilgheadasan sònraichte a dh’fhaodas bacadh a chur air ionnsachadh, agus a’ frithealadh orra
imperative a (grammar) àithneach. Imperative mood, modh àithneach
imperfect a neo-choileanta. Imperfect tense, tràth neo-choileanta
imperfectly a gu neo-choileanta. In this verse there is rhyme between “dhiumb : bùrn”, and, imperfectly, “shaoileas”, anns an rainn seo tha comhardadh eadar “dhiumb : bùrn”, agus, gu neo-choileanta, “shaoileas”
imperfective a neo-choileantach. Imperfective aspect, aogas neo-choileantach
impermeable a 1 neo-dhrùidhteach
2 dìonach (air uisge, etc)
impersonal a neo-phearsanta. The impersonal voice, an guth neo-phearsanta
impetuous a bras, comp braise
impious a aindiadhaidh
implement n inneal n, gen inneil, pl innealan
implement v tr cuir an gnìomh, vn cur m an gnìomh. In planning and in implementing their own detailed policies for language, ann a bhith a’ dealbhadh ’s a’ cur an gnìomh am poileasaidhean-cànain mionaideach fhèin. In implementing a school policy on assessing language, ann a bhith a’ cur an gnìomh poileasaidh sgoile air measadh cànain
implicate v tr (logic) rib, vn ribeadh m
implication n 1 expressed with ceangal dlùth. Sustaining the growth of Gaelic has implications for the provision of Gaelic, tha ceangal dlùth eadar cothrom fàis don Ghàidhlig agus na tha riatanach do dh’fhoghlam na Gàidhlig
2 expressed with buaidh f. Listening has implications for speech development, tha buaidh aig èisteachd air leasachadh cainnte
3 expressed with tog beachdan às. This report has implications for the co-ordination of policies, togar beachdan às an aithisg seo mu cho-òrdanachadh air poileasaidhean
4 (logic) ribeadh m, gen ribidh
imply v tr 1 ciallaich, vn ciallachadh m. This implies significantly enhanced support for Gaelic where it is the principal language, tha seo a’ ciallachadh rud gu sònraichte a bharrachd de thaic don Ghàidhlig ann an àiteachan far an i am prìomh chànan
2 expressed with tog às, vn togail f às. The recommendations in this report imply the following requirements regarding teaching resources, togar às na molaidhean anns an aithisg seo na feuman a leanas a thaobh ghoireasan-teagaisg
import n steach-mhalairt f
import v tr thoir a-steach bathar, vn toirt a-steach bathair
imported a
imported goods n phr steach-bhathar m, gen steach-bhathair
importing n steach-mhalairt f
importance n 1 cudthrom m. The importance of meaning should be stressed at all stages, tha còir cudthrom mòr a chur air brìgh aig a h-uile ìre
2 expressed with cho cudthromach ’s a tha. Make pupils aware of the importance of Gaelic, a’ toirt mothachaidh do chloinn air cho cudthromach ’s a tha a’ Ghàidhlig. Pupils will develop a sense of the importance of careful proof-reading, bidh a’ chlann a’ fàs mothachail air cho cudthromach ’s a tha e a bhith a’ dearbh-leughadh gu faiceallach. The approach to teaching recommended highlights the importance to teachers and pupils of having access to equipment, tha na dòighean teagaisg a thathar a’ moladh a’ sònrachadh a-mach cho cudthromach ’s a tha e do thidsearan agus do chloinn cothrom a bhith aca air uidheam
of importance prep phr expressed with cudthromach a. It is of particular importance, tha e air leth cudthromach. People listen best when the information is of importance to them, is ann an uair a tha am fiosrachadh cudthromach dhaibh as fheàrr a dh’èisteas daoine
important a 1 cudthromach. While it will be important to give an historical sense of Gaelic as a culture, ged a bhitheas e cudthromach mothachadh eachdraidheil a thoirt dhaibh air a’ ghàidhlig mar chultar. A framework is needed, clearly establishing the most important features of this curricular area, tha feum air beairt a stèidhicheas gu soilleir na nithean as cudthromaiche a tha a’ buntainn ris a’ chlàr-theagaisg seo. The most important of these is the initial Immersion phase, an nì as cudthromaiche dhiubha seo ’s e an ùine dhrùdhaidh
2 expressed with a tha cudthromach. Showing that they understand one important idea, a’ nochdadh gu bheil iad a’ tuigsinn aon smuain a tha cudthromach
impound v tr punnd, vn punndadh m
impounding a punndaidh. Impounding reservoir, stòr-amar punndaidh
impression n beachd m. To gain a general impression of the gist of a text, gus beachd farsaing fhaotainn air brìgh teacsa
improper a 1 mì-iomchaidh
2 neo-iomchaidh
improper fraction n phr bloigh f anabharr, pl bloighean anabharr
improve v tr 1 cuir am feobhas, vn cur am feobhas. To help them evaluate and improve their performance, gus cuideachadh leotha ann a bhith a’ breithneachadh air na rinn iad fhèin agus a’ cur sin am feobhas. A knowledge of purposes improves Gaelic skills, tha sgilean na Gàidhlig air an cur am feobhas le eòlas air na h-adhbhair. Using prediction to improve grasp of genre, a’ cleachdadh fàisneachd gus tuigse air gnè a chur am feobhas
2 dèan nas fheàrr, vn dèanamh nas fheàrr. For assessing what is needed to improve performance, airson measadh a dhèanamh air na tha riatanach gus obair a dhèanamh nas fheàrr
3 cuir ri, vn cur ri. Word processing improves the quality of pupils’ writing, tha dealbh-sgrìobhadh a’ cur ri maitheas sgrìobhadh chloinne
4 leasaich, vn leasachadh m. In the short term, legislation for Gaelic education should be improved, anns a’ gheàrr-aimsir, bu chòir gum bitheadh an lagh a thaobh foghlaim Ghàidhlig air a leasachadh
improved a expressed with nas fheàrr. Improved assessment of pupils’ progress, adhartas na cloinne a mheas nas fheàrr
improvement n 1 leasachadh m, gen leasachaidh, pl leasachaidhean
2 expressed with thoir piseach air, vn toirt pisich air. The secretarial skills are capable of improvement only when the young writer has some notion of what to say, cha ghabh piseach thoirt air na sgilean eagrachaidh gu bràth gus am bi rudeigin de bheachd aig an sgrìobhadair òg air dè their e
improvisation n expressed with às aonais ullachaidh. Role-play and improvisation are immensely valuable as precursors to researching and writing about characters, tha fìor luach mòr ann a bhith a’ dol an riochd eile, le ullachadh no às aonais, mun tèid iad an sàs ann an rannsachadh agus ann an sgrìobhadh mu phearsachan
impudence n beadaidheachd f
impudent a beadaidh
impulse n spreigeadh m, gen spreigidh, pl spreigidhean. Nerve impulse, spreigeadh nearbha
impurity n stuth m truaillidh, pl stuthan truaillidh
in adv 1 (motion) a-steach. Come in! thig a-steach! He went in, chaidh e steach. Any worthwhile Gaelic activity will move in and out of components and through varying combinations of strands, bidh gnìomh Gàidhlig sam bith as fhiach an t-saothair a’ gluasad a-mach agus a-steach à earrainnean agus tro chaochladh chothlamadh iallan
2 (rest) a-staigh. Is there anybody in? a bheil duine a-staigh?
in prep 1 an, ann an, am ann am (plus dat). She is in the car, tha i anns a’ chàr. In bed, anns an leabaidh. In school, anns an sgoil. In winter, anns a’ gheamhradh. Put it in the glass, cuir i anns a’ ghlainne. Some in small sets for use by groups, cuid dhiubh nan seataichean beaga gus an cleachdadh le buidhnean
(forms with article) anns an, san, anns a’, sa, anns na, sna
(with poss a) nam, nad, na, na, nar, nur, nan, nam
(pronominal forms) annam(sa), annad(sa), ann(san), innte(se), annainn(e), annaibh(se), annta(san)
2 le (plus dat). Identified (pl) in bold type, air an comharrachadh le clò trom. A pupil with visual impairment may approach Reading in ways that are perhaps dependent on Braille, ’s dòcha gum bi pàiste a tha gann anns an fhradharc a’ feuchainn air leughadh le dòighean a tha an urra ri Braille. In talking with pupils, le bhith a’ bruidhinn ris a’ chloinn. In best practice today, however, teachers encourage pupils through stimulating contexts, leis na dòighean-teagaisg as fheàrr a tha a’ dol an-diugh, ge-tà, ’s ann a tha tidsearan a’ misneachadh cloinne le suidhichidhean beothail
3 aig (plus dat). Genre recognition can begin in the early stages, faodar tòiseachadh air aithne chur air gnè aig na h-ìrean as tràithe
4 a thaobh (plus gen). Lack of confidence in vocabulary, cion misnich a thaobh briathrachais. They are of crucial importance in the development of Gaelic, tha iad air leth cudthromach a thaobh leasachadh na Gàidhlig. A few may reveal signs of physical difficulties in hearing, àireamh bheag, ’s dòcha, a’ nochdadh gu bheil duilgheadasan corparra aca a thaobh èisteachd. Invaluable in this are self- and peer-evaluation, tha fèin-bhreithneachadh agus breithneachadh cho-aoisean do-sheachnaichte feumail a thaobh seo
5 mar (plus rad). Pupils will work regularly in pairs or groups, bidh a’ chlann ag obair gu cunbhalach mar chàraidean no mar bhuidhnean
6 de (plus dat). According to the purpose of the narrator at any one point in the story, a rèir amas an sgrìobhaiche aig ìre àraidh sam bith den stòiridh
7 rè (plus gen). In order to analyse issues raised in discussion, gus cùisean a sgaradh a chaidh a thogail rè beachdachaidh
8 expressed with far conj. In small group discussions of brief tasks, far a bheil buidhnean beaga a’ co-bheachdachadh air gnìomhan goirid
9 expressed with airson (plus gen). Assessment in Gaelic-medium schools, measadh airson sgoiltean anns a bheil an t-oideachadh tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig
10 expressed with an uair a tha (plus rel v). The models of speech provided by the teacher in talking to pupils, na h-eisimpleirean-labhairt a tha an tidsear a’ cur fa chomhair na cloinne an uair a tha e a’ bruidhinn riutha. Pupils should learn that in preparing a talk they must bear in mind the purpose of the audience, tha còir aig a’ chloinn ionnsachadh an uair a tha iad a’ dol an sàs nan cuid obair-labhairt gum feum iad cuimhne a chumail air adhbhar an luchd-èisteachd
11 (of future time) an ceann (plus gen). He will be here in a week, bidh e bhos an ceann seachdaine
12 expressed with gen. Pupils will engage in a programme which will occur after skills in talking and listening are well established, bidh a’ chlann a’ dol an sàs ann am prògram a bhios aca an uair a tha sgilean labhairt agus èisteachd air an làn stèidheachadh. Attractive displays of posters allow experience of variety in text and style, gheibhear cothrom air caochladh sheòrsachan theacsaichean agus stoidhle o thaisbeanaidhean tarraingeach de shanasairean. The teacher should focus on punctuation in the final draft, tha còir aig an tidsear aire thoirt do phungadh na dreachd mu dheireadh. Pupils with difficulties in motor control, clann aig a bheil duilgheadasan altachadh-cuirp
13 expressed with separate clause. In these longer discussions the teacher’s role is that of participant member, tha a leithid seo de cho-bheachdachadh nas fhaide agus ’s e àite an tidseir a bhith a’ gabhail pàirt mar bhall den bhuidhinn
14 not directly expressed. Pupils will act individually in collating information, bidh a’ chlann ag obair air an ceann fhèin a’ tional fiosrachaidh
in between adv phr eatarra sin. They may be in Gaelic Learners classes beginning either in P1, or in S2, or at points in between, faodaidh iad a bhith ann an clasaichean luchd-ionnsachaidh, agus iad a’ tòiseachadh air a’ Ghàidhlig ann am B1 no an A1, no aig ìre air choireigin eatarra sin
in that conj phr a thaobh ’s gu. The value of learning a second language is well attested in that the second language provides the key to a number of areas, tha dearbhadh math againn air cho feumail ’s a tha e dàrna cànain a thogail a thaobh ’s gu bheil an dàrna cànain a’ fuasgladh a-mach grunnan de raointean eile
in which prep phr expressed with air. Pupils will give consideration to some of the main ways in which sentences are constructed and punctuated, bidh a’ chlann a’ toirt aire do cuid de na prìomh dhòighean air seantansan a dheilbh agus a phungadh
inadequate a uireasbhach
incapable a expressed with neg plus gabh v. Some language attainment targets may be incapable of being fully realised, faodaidh e bhith nach gabh cuid de chuimsean cànain an coileanadh gu h-iomlan
inceptive a tùsach. Inceptive verb, gnìomhair tùsach
inchoative a (linguistics) tòiseachail. Inchoative aspect, aogas tòiseachail
incident n tachartas m, gen tachartais, pl tachartasan. Any incident will be dealt with as soon as it occurs, thèid dèiligeadh ri gach tachartas cho luath ’s a ghabhas e àite
incline v tr & i aom, vn aomadh m
include v tr 1 (a) gabh a-staigh, vn gabhail a-staigh. This includes having a knowledge about Gaelic, tha seo a’ gabhail a-staigh eòlas a bhith aca air a’ Ghàidhlig. Including the assessment of achievements, agus sin a’ gabhail a-staigh measadh air na thathar a’ toirt gu buil. Listening may include watching, faodaidh Èisteachd a bhith a’ gabhail a-staigh Amhairc. This might include simple note-taking, dh’fhaodadh seo gabhail a-staigh notaichean sìmplidh a ghabhail. Pupils will be helped to organise through preparation which will include research, cuidichear a’ chlann gu bhith a’ cur rian air sin le deasachadh a ghabhas a-staigh rannsachadh. While cultural aspects should be included as part of the programme, ged tha còir cùisean a bhuineas do dhualchas a ghabhail a-staigh mar phàirt den phrògram
(b) thoir a-staigh, vn toirt f a-staigh. By extending the demand of the message by including more than one item, le bhith a’ leudachadh air na tha an teachdaireachd a’ sùileachadh le bhith a’ toirt a-staigh còrr is aon nì. In Writing, spelling and handwriting would be included, ann an Sgrìobhadh bheirte a-staigh litreachadh agus làmh-sgrìobhadh
2 expressed with bi plus an prep. This strand includes an increasing number of terms and concepts to be used in discussions about language generally, anns an èill seo tha am barrachd ’s am barrachd de bhriathran ’s de bhun-smuaintean a tha gus an cleachdadh ann am beachdachadh air cànain san fharsaingeachd
3 cuir ann, vn cur ann. Remember to include a cold store for frozen food on your plan, cuimhnich air stòr fuar airson biadh reòta a chur nad phlana
4 (a) expressed with am measg. Their audiences will include pupils outwith their own peer-group, am measg an luchd-èisteachd bidh clann taobh a-muigh an cuid cho-aoisean fhèin. Appropriate forms might include letters or reports of events, dh’fhaodadh litrichean no iomraidhean air nithean a thachair a bhith am measg nan seòrsachan iomchaidh. Checks on premises will include the following points, am measg na thèid a dhearbhadh a thaobh thogalaichean bithidh na nithean a leanas
(b) expressed with cuir am measg a’ chorra. We only got a fragment of this song, but for the sake of completeness we thought it suitable to include it here, cha d’fhuair sinn ach fuigheall den òran seo, ach air sgàth na h-iomlanachd mheas sinn iomchaidh a chur am measg a’ chorra an seo
5 (a) cleachd, vn cleachdadh. The terms included in this strand, na briathran a tha air an cleachdadh anns an èill seo
(b) expressed with faod plus a chleachdadh. A school-devised programme which will include commercially-produced materials, prògram a tha air a dhealbhadh anns an sgoil fhèin agus a dh’fhaodas stuthan bùtha a chleachdadh
6 expressed with na leanas plus bi a’ cunntadh. This should include…, tha còir aig na leanas a bhith a’ cunntadh…
7 (a) expressed with agus. Pupil self- and peer-evaluation will include consideration of the success with which information transfer took place, bidh a’ chlann a’ breithneachadh orra fhèin ’s air an co-aoisean agus a’ toirt fa-near dè cho math ’s a chaidh fiosrachadh a lìobhraigeadh
(b) expressed with cuideachd. This Section also includes advice, tha comhairle anns an Earrainn seo cuideachd
8 (a) expressed with an cois. This includes advice on Reading, an cois seo tha comhairle air Sgrìobhadh
(b) expressed with an lùib. This will include a selection of terms, an lùib seo bidh taghadh de bhriathran
included a 1 expressed with air a chleachdadh. The terms included in this strand, na briathran a tha air an cleachdadh anns an èill seo
2 not directly expressed. The requirements of pupils with special educational needs are further developed in the statement included in Part 3, thathar a’ leudachadh air na tha riatanach do chloinn le feuman sònraichte ann am foghlam, anns na tha air a chur sìos ann am Pàirt 3
including conj 1 (a) a’ gabhail a-staigh. Multimedia applications generally, including interactive video, innleachdan ioma-meadhanach anns an fharsaingeachd, a’ gabhail a-staigh bhideo eadar-dhèantanach. Including concern for tolerance, a’ gabhail a-staigh a bhith a’ toirt àite do bheachdan chàich. Practical activities including art, gnìomhan prataigeach, a’ gabhail a-staigh ealdhain
(b) agus sin a’ gabhail a-staigh. Including intellectual development, agus sin a gabhail a-staigh fàs ann an tuigse. Mass media is a term useful in categorizing texts, including the recognition of genres, tha na mòr mheadhain na ainm feumail ann a bhith a’ seòrsadh theacsaichean, agus sin a’ gabhail a-staigh aithneachadh air gnè. All transport used, including mini-buses, should have forward-facing seats with seat-belts fitted, a thaobh gach seòrsa còmhdhalach a thèid a chur am feum, agus sin a’ gabhail a-staigh mhion-bhusaichean, is còir gum bitheadh suidheachain a tha a’ coimhead chon an toisich air fad aca le criosan-sàbhalaidh air an cur a-steach
2 (a) a’ cunntadh. A variety of presentational formats, including desk-top publishing, caochladh dhòighean taisbeanaidh, a’ cunntadh foillseachadh mullach-deasca
(b) agus sin a’ cunntadh (or a’ cunntas or a’ cunntais). The Council proposed a minimum time allocation of 20% for language and communication, including a second language, thug a’ Chomhairle mun aire gum bu chòir 20% den ùine air a’ char bu lugha a chur mu choinneamh cànain is conaltraidh, agus sin a’ cunntais dàrna cànain. Most of the words they need to use, including specialist terminology, a’ mhòrchuid de na faclan a tha iad ag iarraidh a chleachdadh, agus sin a’ cunntas briathrachais shònraichte. They will encourage pupils to talk in Gaelic, including those who are fluent speakers, misnichidh iad a’ chlann gu bhith a’ labhairt anns a’ Ghàidhlig, agus sin a’ cunntadh na feadhainn a tha fileanta
3 agus sin a’ còmhdach. Care has been taken to acknowledge the processes, including different kinds of assessment processes, which will enable that extension to take place, tha àite air a thoirt gu faiceallach do na ceumannan, agus sin a’ còmhdach caochladh sheòrsachan measaidh, a bheir cothrom don leudachadh sin a bhith a’ tighinn gu buil
4 (a) agus nam measg sin. Individuals should be encouraged to compile their own lists, including specialist vocabulary, tha còir pàistean fa leth a mhisneachadh gu bhith a’ cur an liostaichean fhèin ri chèile, agus nam measg sin briathrachas speisealtach
(b) expressed with agus … am measg. Most pupils, including the most able, bidh a’ mhòrchuid de chloinn, agus an fheadhainn as comasaiche nam measg. Including texts produced by pupils, agus teacsaichean a sgrìobhas a’ chlann nam measg
5 expressed with agus … a tha an cois sin. It is important for the pupils to know what is to be learned, including the criteria for assessment. tha e cudthromach don chloinn fios a bhith aca air na tha ri ionnsachadh agus air na bun-chomharraidhean a tha an cois sin
6 agus. Stories, including re-telling by pupils of stories, stòiridhean, agus clann a bhith ag innse nan aon stòiridhean as ùr
7 expressed with neo. Phone this number for all customer enquiries, including emergencies, fòn an àireamh seo mar chustamair le ceist sam bith, neo ann an suidheachadh-èiginn
8 (a) expressed with an lùib. A greater variety of texts including dialect forms, barrachd sheòrsachan theacsaichean, nan lùib modhan dualchainnte
(b) expressed with agus an lùib. Listening to radio programmes including news, ag èisteachd ri prògraman rèidio, ’s naidheachdan nan lùib
9 expressed with le prep. Including simple use of commas, le cleachdadh sìmplidh air cromagan. Advice on programmes of study, including additional advice on activities, comhairle air clàran oideachaidh, leis an tuilleadh comhairle air adhbhair
10 mar a tha. A variety of techniques will be found helpful in this process, including songs and games, tha caochladh dhòighean ann a bhitheas feumail anns an iomairt seo, mar a tha òrain agus geamannan
incorporate v tr 1 gabh a-staigh, vn gabhail m a-staigh. Opportunities will be taken to incorporate songs, bithear a’ gabhail cothroim air òrain a ghabhail a-staigh. Through a programme which should incorporate an initial sight vocabulary, tro phrògram a dh’fheumadh tùs-bhriathrachas sùla a ghabhail a-staigh
2 expressed with anns am faighear. Tales and poems which incorporate the three greatest necessities for young pupils’ listening, stòiridhean agus dàin anns am faighear na trì nithean as riatanaiche do dh’èisteachd phàistean òga
increase n meudachadh m, gen meudachaidh, pl meudachaidhean. Natural increase, meudachadh nàdarrach
increase I v tr 1 cuir ri, vn cur m ri. It increases their confidence in addressing these issues, tha e a’ cur ri am misneachd ann a bhith a’ cur aghaidh air na cùisean sin. In doing so, knowledge about language will be increased, ann a bhith a’ dèanamh seo, bithear a’ cur ri eòlas air cànain. Learning how text can be organised for readability increases awareness of audience, a bhith ag ionnsachadh mar a ghabhas teacsa a chur air dòigh gus a dhèanamh so-leughte, cuiridh sin ri mothachadh air luchd-amais
2 leudaich air, vn leudachadh air m. The study of mass media enables pupils to increase their understanding, tha a bhith a’ beachdachadh air na mòr mheadhain a’ toirt comais do chloinn leudachadh air an tuigse
II increase v i 1 rach am meud, vn dol m am meud. As control over these newly acquired skills increases, mar a bhitheas smachd air na sgilean ùra seo a’ dol am meud. Water demand continues to increase, both for domestic purposes and for industry, tha an t-iarraidh air uisge a’ sìor dhol am meud, an dà chuid a thaobh feumalachdan taighe agus ann an gnìomhachas
2 meudaich, vn meudachadh m. As pupils’ familiarity with types of text increases, mar a bhitheas eòlas na cloinne air seòrsachan theacsa a’ meudachadh
increased a 1 expressed with barrachd plus gen. Exemplified by increased interest in literature, mar eisimpleir air a seo tha barrachd ùidh ga gabhail ann an litreachas. Increased cultural awareness, barrachd mothachaidh air dualchas. Increased independence of learning, barrachd neo-eisimeileachd ann an ionnsachadh
2 expressed with am barrachd. Pupils will talk perceptively about their own experience, with increased spontaneity, bidh a’ chlann a’ labhairt gu lèirsinneach mun cuid fiosrachaidh fhèin, leis a’ bharrachd deòin
3 expressed with mar a tha … a’ fàs. The increased formality of the situation will require that the teacher gives support, mar a tha an suidheachadh a’ fàs nas foirmeile feumaidh an tidsear taic a thoirt
increasing a 1 expressed with comp repeated. With increasing precision, nas mionaidiche agus nas mionaidiche. In order to locate with increasing accuracy genre, purpose and audience, gus aithne nas cinntiche agus nas cinntiche a chur air gnè, air adhbhar ’s air luchd-amais
2 expressed with am barrachd ’s am barrachd. Secondary schools will give an increasing emphasis to reading and writing, bidh na h-àrdsgoiltean a’ cur am barrachd ’s am barrachd cudthroim air leughadh agus air sgrìobhadh. The pupil should be taught to give increasing priority to technical features of the text, tha còir gun treòirichear am pàiste gus am barrachd ’s am barrachd àite a thoirt do nithean teicnigeach an teacsa. Increasing awareness of audience will be encouraged, misnichear am barrachd ’s am barrachd mothachaidh air luchd-amais
3 expressed with barrachd f. Pupils should encounter an increasing range of texts and linguistic concerns, tha còir gum bi a’ chlann a’ coinneachadh ri barrachd sheòrsachan theacsaichean agus chùisean cànain
4 expressed with an tuilleadh ’s an tuilleadh. Give pupils increasing scope to become independent thinkers and learners, an tuilleadh ’s an tuilleadh cothroim a thoirt don chloinn gus a bhith a’ smaoineachadh agus ag ionnsachadh air an ceann fhèin
5 expressed with nas motha ’s nas motha. So that they can pursue, with increasing independence, research and discovery learning, gus an tèid aca air a dhol an sàs ann an rannsachadh agus ann an ionnsachadh tro fhèin-fhiosrachadh, agus sin nas motha ’s nas motha air an ceann fhèin
6 expressed with a’ sìor fhàs. Spell less frequently used words with increasing confidence and accuracy, a’ sìor fhàs misneachail agus dòigheil ann a bhith a’ litreachadh fhaclan nach eilear a’ cleachdadh cho tric. Information of increasing complexity, fiosrachadh a tha a’ sìor fhàs nas fillte. Stories of increasing complexity, read by the teacher, stòiridhean gan leughadh leis an tidsear, agus iad a’ sìor fhàs nas ioma-fhillte
7 expressed with a tha a’ meudachadh. Pupils will demonstrate increasing confidence in the use of courtesy formulae, bidh clann a’ nochdadh misnich a tha a’ meudachadh ann a bhith a’ cleachdadh abairtean modha
8 expressed with mar a tha … a’ meudachadh. Assessment should help to build the confidence necessary to cope with increasing challenge, tha còir gun tog measadh a’ mhisneach a dh’fheumar gus gabhail ris an dùbhlan mar a tha e a’ meudachadh
9 expressed with a’ sìor mheudachadh. Gaining a command of Gaelic is a process involving the gradual acquisition and expansion of knowledge, skills and understanding at increasing levels of difficulty and demand, gus a’ Ghàidhlig ionnsachadh feumar eòlas, sgilean agus tuigse a thogail agus a leudachadh mean air mhean, agus ìrean duilgheadais a’ sìor mheudachadh
10 expressed with fàs, vn fàs m, plus comp a. With increasing confidence in personal narrative, mar a tha iad a’ fàs nas misneachaile ann an seanchas pearsanta
11 expressed with mar a tha sin a’ fàs. The attainment targets represent stages of increasing communicative competence, tha na cuimsean-coileanaidh a’ riochdachadh ìrean comas conaltraidh mar a tha sin a’ fàs
12 fàsail. They will respond to an increasing variety of stimuli, bidh iad air an gluasad gu cainnt le caochladh fàsail de sheòrsachan nithean
13 expressed with a’ dol am meud. This has two aspects: the decreasing degree of support given to the pupil and the increasing responsibility given to pupils, tha dà nì àraidh co-cheangailte ri seo: an taice a bheirear don phàiste a’ dol nas lugha agus an t-uallach a thathar a’ cur air cloinn a’ dol am meud
14 not directly expressed. With increasing maturity, mar a bhitheas a’ chlann a’ fàs
increasingly adv 1 expressed with barrachd is barrachd. Increasingly, pupils can be asked for a personal response, barrachd is barrachd, faodar freagairt phearsanta iarraidh air cloinn. Increasingly, groups should be left to their own initiative, bu chòir buidhnean am barrachd ’s am barrachd cothruim fhaighinn a bhith air an ceann fhèin
2 expressed with nas trice ’s nas trice. Pupils will increasingly encounter texts of some complexity in plot, bidh a’ chlann a’ coinneachadh nas trice ’s nas trice ri teacsaichean a tha gu math ioma-fhillte ann am plota
3 expressed with nas motha agus nas motha. Moving from the rehearsed to the increasingly spontaneous, a’ gluasad o na tha iad air ionnsachadh ro-làimh a dh’ionnsaigh na tha nas motha agus nas motha a’ tighinn bhuapa fhèin
4 expressed with sìor fhàs, vn sìor fhàs. Within a framework of increasingly rich associations, agus siud uile taobh a-staigh cheanglaichean a tha a’ sìor fhàs buannachdail agus beairteach. Learning to read accurately and with discrimination becomes increasingly important, tha a bhith ag ionnsachadh a bhith a’ leughadh gu dòigheil agus gu breithneachail a’ sìor fhàs nas cudthromaiche
5 expressed with sìor plus v. It is increasingly seen as an asset, thathar a’ sìor thuigsinn gur nì feumail e. Through drama, pupils will be increasingly involved in using forms of language, tro dhràma bithidh clann gan sìor chur an sàs ann a bhith a’ cleachdadh modhan cànain
incubation n gur m, gen guir
incur v tr These are the expenses we incur as councillors, sin na cosgaisean a tha a’ tighinn òirnn mar chomhairlichean
indecency n drabastachd f
indecent a drabasta. An indecent assault, ionnsaidh dhrabasta
indefinite a neo-chinnteach. Indefinite pronoun, riochdair neo-chinnteach
independence n 1 neo-eisimeileachd f. Growing independence in the analysis of what is required, fàs ann an neo-eisimeileachd ann an eadar-sgaradh air na tha riatanach. Increased independence of learning, barrachd neo-eisimeileachd ann an ionnsachadh
2 expressed with a bhith neo-eisimeileach. The teacher will encourage independence, bheir an tidsear dhaibh misneach gu bhith neo-eisimeileach
3 expressed with air a cheann fhèin. So that they can pursue, with increasing independence, research and discovery learning, gus an tèid aca air a dhol an sàs ann an rannsachadh agus ann an ionnsachadh tro fhèin-fhiosrachadh, agus sin nas motha ’s nas motha air an ceann fhèin
independent a 1 (a) neo-eisimeileach. The second means by which additional demand can be made is through independent learning, an dàrna dòigh air barrachd iarraidh air cloinn ’s ann tro ionnsachadh neo-eisimeileach. Introduce a system where children may talk with an independent person, stèidhich siostam leis am faigh clann bruidhinn ri neach neo-eisimeileach
(b) neo-eisimeil. The new committee will be independent of the government, bidh a’ chomataidh ùr neo-eisimeil bhon riaghaltas
2 expressed with air a cheann fhèin. Give pupils increasing scope to become independent thinkers and learners, an tuilleadh ’s an tuilleadh cothroim a thoirt don chloinn gus a bhith a’ smaoineachadh agus ag ionnsachadh air an ceann fhèin. Such work can be independent group discussion, faodaidh obair den t-seòrsa seo gabhail a-steach beachdachadh le buidhinn air an ceann fhèin. It is also a matter of the gradual encouragement for the pupil to become an independent learner, tha e cuideachd a’ ciallachadh a bhith mean air mhean a’ misneachadh a’ phàiste gu bhith ag ionnsachadh air a cheann fhèin
independently adv expressed with air a cheann fhèin. Read independently, a’ leughadh air an ceann fhèin. Groups should be able to work independently, tha còir gum bitheadh buidhnean comasach air obair a dhèanamh air an ceann fhèin
indeterminate, indeterminated a neo-chinnteach. Indeterminated nominal phrase, abairt ainmearach neo-chinnteach
index n clàr-amais m, gen & pl clàir-amais
India pr n na h-Innseachan f pl
Indian pr n Innseanach m, gen & pl Innseanaich
American Indian pr n Innseanach m Ameireagaidh, gen & pl Innseanaich Ameireagaidh
American Indian mod Innseanach Ameireagaidh. American Indian languages, cànain Innseanach Ameireagaidh
Indian a Innseanach. Indian languages, cànain Innseanach
indicate v tr 1 comharraich, vn comharrachadh m. Begin to indicate speech in some way, a’ tòiseachadh air cainnt-bheòil a chomharrachadh ann an dòigh air choireiginn. A broader range of language activities than the targets indicate, barrachd ghnìomhan-cànain ’s na tha na cuimsean fhèin a’ comharrachadh. Since they indicate reasonable expectations of achievement for most pupils, seach gu bheil iad a’ comharrachadh na thathar gu reusanta a’ sùileachadh a bhitheas a’ mhòrchuid den chloinn a’ coileanadh. Direct speech and ways of indicating it can be taught by looking at texts, faodar labhairt dhìreach agus dòighean air a comharrachadh a theagasg le bhith a’ sealltainn ri teacsaichean
2 cuir an cèill, vn cur m an cèill. The meaning of new words and phrases should usually be indicated through visual cues, bu chòir brìgh fhaclan ùra agus abairtean ùra a chur an cèill le comharraidhean a chithear
indication n expressed with nochd, vn nochdadh m. Giving an indication of feelings, a’ nochdadh faireachdainn
indicative a taisbeanach. The indicative mood, am modh taisbeanach
indicator n taisbeanair m, pl taisbeanairean
2 comharradh m, gen comharraidh, pl comharraidhean. The rain gauge readings are a useful indicator to water companies, tha na h-àireamhan a gheibhear bho na tomhasan-silidh nan comharradh feumail do chompanaidhean uisge
indicator mod comharrachaidh. Indicator paper, pàipear comharrachaidh
indigenous a dùthchasach and dùthchasail
indigestion n 1 cion-meirbhidh m
2 dì-chnàmhadh m, gen dì-chnàmhaidh
indigo a 1 gorm-liath. The colours of the rainbow are violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange, and red, ’s iad dathan a’ bhogha-fhroise liath or bàn-phurpaidh, gorm-liath or guirmeanach, gorm, buidhe-ghorm or uaine, buidhe, dearg-bhuidhe or orains, agus dearg
2 guirmeanach, comp guirmeanaiche
indirect a neo-dhìreach. Indirect object, oibseig neo-dhìreach. Indirect speech, còmhradh neo-dhìreach. Indirect relative phrase, abairt dhàimheach neo-dhìreach
indirectly adv (gu) neo-dhìreach. This is obtained either directly or indirectly, gheibhear seo an dara cuid gu dìreach no gu neo-dhìreach
individual n 1 duine m, pl daoine. Perhaps related to other individuals or families, math dh’fhaoidte ann an dàimh ri daoine no ri teaghlaichean eile
2 duine m fa leth, pl daoine fa leth. It is spoken in families or by individuals, thathar ga labhairt ann an teaghlaichean no le daoine fa leth. For groups, and, where required, for individuals, do bhuidhnean, agus, far a bheil feum, do dhaoine fa leth
3 (of school pupils) pàiste m fa leth, pl pàistean fa leth and clann f fa leth. Pupils should be encouraged to share texts they have enjoyed with other individuals, tha còir clann a mhisneachadh gus teacsaichean a thug tlachd dhaibh a cho-phàirteachadh ri pàistean eile fa leth. Individuals should be encouraged to compile their own lists, tha còir pàistean fa leth a mhisneachadh gu bhith a’ cur an liostaichean fhèin ri chèile. Groups and individuals should be left to their own initiative, bu chòir buidhnean no pàistean fa leth cothrom fhaighinn a bhith air an ceann fhèin. But such decisions will be influenced by the needs of the class and individuals within it, ach faodaidh feuman a’ chlas agus feuman na cloinne fa leth anns a’ chlas nithean den t-seòrsa sin a chur an dara taobh
4 (of school pupils) expressed with le pàistean fa leth. Editing pupils’ own and others writing individually and in groups, ag eagrachadh sgrìobhadh na cloinne fhèin agus sgrìobhadh chàich, le pàistean fa leth agus nam buidhnean
5 aon neach m. Discussing texts with an individual, group or class, a’ beachdachadh air teacsaichean le aon neach, buidhinn no clas
6 expressed with mar aon adv. Eliciting responses from individuals, a’ tarraing fhreagairt asta mar aon
individual a 1 expressed with fa leth. Individual pupils, pàistean fa leth. Attention to their individual weightings is necessary, feumar aire thoirt don chudthrom a chuirear orra fa leth. Catering for the needs of individual pupils, a’ gabhail ri feuman chloinne fa leth. Others may have pronounced difficulties that require the opening of an individual Record of Needs, airson feadhainn eile aig a bheil duilgheadasan follaiseach, feumar Clàr Fheuman fhosgladh dhaibh fa leth. Syllable and root will be used in discussion which centres on individual words, cleachdar lide agus freumh ann am beachdachadh air faclan fa leth
2 expressed with gach. To meet individual needs, gus feuman gach pàiste a ghabhail a-staigh. It has much to do with the individual situation in which listening takes place, tha e ann an dlùth dhàimh ri gach suidheachadh anns a bheil èisteachd a’ dol air adhart
3 expressed with gach … fa leth. Weightings of the individual outcomes, an cudthrom a chuirear air gach buil fa leth
4 aon-neach. Discussion and individual talk will be given a particular emphasis within Talking and Listening, ann an Labhairt agus ann an Èisteachd cuirear cudthrom sònraichte air còmhradh buidhne agus labhairt aon-neach. When preparing an individual talk, an uair a bhitheas iad ag ullachadh òraid aon-neach. Such work can be individual tasks with teacher support, faodaidh obair den t-seòrsa seo gabhail a-steach obair aon-neach le taice on tidsear
5 expressed with mar aon. Which will permit individual, group and class learning, a bheir cothrom dhaibh a bhith ag ionnsachadh mar aon, mar bhuidhinn agus mar chlas. Pupils will give individual presentations, bidh a’ chlann gan cur fhèin, mar aon, fa chomhair dhaoine
6 (of school pupils) expressed with pàistean fa leth. Giving individual reading interviews, a’ toirt agallamh leughaidh do phàistean fa leth
individually adv 1 fa leth. Pupils will listen individually and in groups, bidh sgoilearan ag èisteachd an dà chuid fa leth agus nam buidhnean. The teacher can discuss personal reading individually with pupils, faodaidh an tidsear beachdachadh air leughadh pearsanta le pàistean fa leth
2 mar aon. Working individually and in groups, ag obair mar aon no ann am buidhnean. The pupils can respond individually or in corporate discussion, faodaidh a’ chlann freagairt mar aon no ann an co-bheachdachadh còmhla. To read individually for pleasure, a bhith a’ leughadh mar aon airson toileachaidh
3 expressed with air a cheann fhèin. Pupils will act individually or as editors in writing groups, bidh a’ chlann ag obair air an ceann fhèin no mar eagraichean ann am buidhnean sgrìobhaidh
individualise v tr
individualised a aon-neach. This will emphasise individualised or group programmes of study, bidh seo a’ cur cudthroim air prògraman obrach aon-neach, no prògraman buidhne
individuality n 1 air-letheachas m, gen air-letheachais
2 pearsantachd f air leth. All children will be respected and their individuality and potential recognised, valued and nurtured, bheirear urram do gach aon neach-cloinne; bheirear àite dligheach da pearsantachd air leth agus do na dh’fhaodas i a thoirt gu ìre, agus thèid na feartan seo àrach is thèid luach a chur orra
Indo-China pr n an Ind-Shìona f, gen na h-Ind-Shìona
Indo-European a Ind-Eòrpach. Indo-European languages, cànain Ind-Eòrpach
Indo-Iranic a Ind-Iaraineach. Indo-Iranic languages, cànain Ind-Iaraineach
Indonesia pr n an Ind-Innse f, gen na h-Ind-Innse
Indonesian a Ind-Innseach
indoor a a-staigh. Indoor pool, amar a-staigh. Indoor games, geamachan a-staigh. Appropriate safety mats must be provided under all indoor climbing equipment, feumaidh bratan-ùrlair sàbhailteachd iomchaidh a bhith ann fon uidheamachd-streap a-staigh air fad
induce v tr thoir air, vn toirt air. Do not induce vomiting, na toir air (an euslainteach) dìobhairt
industrial a 1 gnìomhachail
2 (a) gnìomhachais m gen. Industrial area, àrainn ghnìomhachais; raon gnìomhachais. Industrial estate, ionad gnìomhachais. Industrial site, làrach ghnìomhachais. Industrial inertia, inertia gnìomhachais. The Industrial Revolution, An t-Iom-chuartachadh Gnìomhachais
(b) bho ghnìomhachas. Pollution due to industrial and domestic waste, truaillidheachd a thoradh air stuthan caithte bho ghnìomhachas no bhon dachaigh
industrial tribunal n phr tribiunal m cosnaidh, gen & pl tribiunail chosnaidh
industrialise v tr & i gnìomhasaich, vn gnìomhasachadh m
industrialisation n gnìomhasachadh m, gen gnìomhasachaidh
industry n 1 (a) gnìomhachas m, gen & pl gnìomhachais. Primary industry, bun-ghnìomhachas, or prìomh ghnìomhachas. Secondary industry, iar-ghnìomhachas, or dàrnacha gnìomhachas. Tertiary industry, leas-ghnìomhachas, or treasacha gnìomhachas. Quaternary industry, ceathracha gnìomhachas. Such study might also form a basis for employment in the expanding range of media industries. Dh’fhaodadh a leithid seo de bheachdachadh a bhith na bunait airson dreuchd a ghabhail ann an gnìomhachais nam meadhan, a tha a’ sìor leudachadh
(b) expressed with luchd-gnìomhachais m. Industry has come to value Gaelic, tha luchd-gnìomhachais air a thighinn gu bhith a’ cur luach air a’ Ghàidhlig
2 (a) tionnsgain f, gen tionnsgaine, pl tionnsgainean
(b) tionnsgal m, gen tionnsgail, pl tionnsgail, tionnsgalan
inefficient a neo-èifeachdach
inert a (chemically) tàmhach
inevitable a expressed with neg plus bi plus rian. It is inevitable that that the terminology of the word, sentence and punctuation will be introduced, chan eil rian nach bi ainmeachas an fhacail, an t-seantans agus a’ phungaidh gan toirt am follais
inexhaustible a expressed with neg plus ceann no crìoch air. The possibilities for group discussion and the engagement with problems in work of this kind are inexhaustible, chan eil ceann no crìoch air a’ chothrom a tha ann an obair den t-seòrsa seo gu bhith a’ beachdachadh ann am buidhnean agus gu bhith a’ gleachd ri ceistean duilich
inextricable a
inextricably a dlùth is daingeann. Inextricably linked to economic factors, ann an ceangal dlùth is daingeann ri cùisean eacanomaigeach
infant n
infant mod 1 cloinne. Infant mortality, bàsmhorachd chloinne. Infant mortality rate, ràta bhàsmhorachd chloinne
2 leanaban gen pl m. Infant mortality, bàsan leanaban
infantry n saighdearan-coise m pl
infantryman n saighdear-coise m, gen saighdeir-choise, pl saighdearan-coise
infect v tr 1 gànraich, vn gànrachadh m
2 (medical) cuir galar air, vn cur galair air, also galaraich, vn galarachadh m
• gànraich, vn gànrachadh m
infected a 1 gànraichte, air a ghànrachadh
2 galaraichte, gànraichte
• iongraichte. An infected tooth, fiacail iongraichte
infection n gànrachadh m, gen gànrachaidh
(medical) galar-ghabhail m, pl galar-ghabhailean, also gabhaltachd f, pl gabhaltachdan. A respiratory infection, gabhaltachd analach. All reasonable steps must be taken to discourage the spread of infection, feumar gach riatanas reusanta a dhèanamh gus bacadh a chur air gabhaltachd o bhith a’ sgaoileadh
• gànrachadh m, gen gànrachaidh. The source of the infection is not yet known, chan eil fhios fhathast co às an deach na daoine a ghànrachadh
infectious a gabhaltach, comp gabhaltaiche. An infectious illness, galar gabhaltach. Parents must not bring sick or infectious children to the day care facility, chan fhaod pàrantan clann a tha tinn no gabhaltach a thoirt leotha (or a thoirt leis) don ghoireas chùraim-làtha
infer v tr dèan fhoidheam, vn dèanamh m fhoidheam. Questioning should lead pupils to evaluate, infer and make judgements, tha còir aig ceasnachadh a’ chlann a stiùireadh gu bhith a’ measadh, a’ dèanamh fhoidheam agus a’ toirt breith
inference n 1 co-dhùnadh m, gen co-dhùnaidh, pl co-dhùnaidhean. They should be able to make inferences, tha còir gun tèid aca air tighinn gu co-dhùnaidhean
2 tuairmse f, pl tuairmsean. Using appropriate questioning to help them make inferences and decide on conclusions, a’ cleachdadh ceasnachaidh iomchaidh airson an cuideachadh gus tuairmsean agus co-dhùnaidhean a dhèanamh
3 foidheam m, pl foidheaman. In order to make inferences from informational texts, gus foidheaman a thoirt à teacsaichean fiosrachaidh
inferential a co-dhùnaidh m gen. By providing questions which ask for literal, inferential and evaluative responses, le bhith a’ cur cheistean a tha a’ sùileachadh fhreagairtean litireil, co-dhùnaidh agus breithneachaidh
infertile a neo-thorrach, comp neo-thorraich
infinite a neo-chrìochnach
infinitive a (grammar) neo-fhinideach. Infinitive mood, modh neo-fhinideach
infinity n neo-chrìochnachd
infirm a 1 anfhann, comp anfhainne
2 breòite
infirmity n anfhannachd f, anfhainneachd
infix n inleasachan m, gen & pl inleasachain
inflammation n ainteas m
inflate n sèid, vn sèideadh m
inflated a sèidte. An inflated balloon, bailiùn sèidte
inflation n (money) atmhorachd f. The rate of inflation, ìre na h-atmhorachd
inflect v tr infhill, vn infhilleadh m
inflection n infhilleadh m, gen infhillidh, pl infhillidhean
inflectional a infhillte
influence n buaidh f, gen buaidhean pl buaidhean. These have a profound influence on any communication and its comprehension, tha buaidh ro mhòr aca seo air conaltradh sam bith agus air mar a thuigear an conaltradh sin. They should be examined in their own right as agencies which can have great influence on children’s lives, tha còir an sgrùdadh air an sgàth fhèin mar rud aig am bi buaidh mhòr air beatha chloinne
exert an influence v phr expressed with bi plus buaidh aig. From the earliest years the mass media exert an influence on pupils’ lives, o thùs an òige tha buaidh aig na mòr mheadhain air beatha chloinne
under the influence of prep phr fo bhuaidh (plus gen). Driving whilst under the influence of drink, dràibheadh fo bhuaidh na dibhe
influence v tr 1 expressed with bi plus buaidh agad air. She influences the children, tha buaidh aice air a’ chloinn. The combination of purpose, form and readership will influence pupils’ choice of appropriate language, bidh buaidh aig adhbhar, cumadh agus luchd-amais, an co-bhonn ri chèile, air mar a thaghas a’ chlann cànain iomchaidh. Layout will be used in examining how the presentation of text can influence meaning, cleachdar dreach ann am beachdachadh air a’ bhuaidh a bhitheas aig mar a chuirear teacsa an cèill air brìgh. Learning to read will be influenced by the knowledge children have gained in the pre-school years, bidh buaidh air ionnsachadh leughaidh aig an eòlas a fhuair a’ chlann anns na bliadhnachan ron sgoil
2 expressed with cuir an dara taobh, vn cur m an dara taobh. But such decisions will be influenced by the needs of the class and individuals within it, ach faodaidh feuman a’ chlas agus feuman na cloinne fa leth anns a’ chlas nithe an den t-seòrsa sin a chur an dara taobh
inform v tr 1 innis, vn innse f
2 thoir brath, vn toirt brath
3 comharraich, vn comharrachadh m. To inform next steps, gus na h-ath cheumannan a chomharrachadh
4 expressed by bi buaidh aig. The suggestions in this section will inform extensions, bidh buaidh aig na thathar a’ toirt mun aire anns an earrainn seo air leudachadh
5 expressed with thig gu, vn tighinn gu. The information needed to inform decisions on assessment can be chosen satisfactorily from three sources, faodar am fiosrachadh a dh’fheumar gus a thighinn gu co-dhùnaidhean soilleir air measadh a thaghadh à trì raointean
be informed by, expressed with fo bhuaidh plus gen. This process of adaptation will be informed by the programmes of study, bidh am freagarrachadh seo fo bhuaidh nan clàran oideachaidh
be informed of, expressed with faigh plus fiosrachadh. They should be informed of the guidelines which will enable them to implement the policy statement, bu chòir dhaibh fiosrachadh fhaighinn mu iùl airson aithris a’ phoileasaidh a chur an gnìomh
informal a neo-fhoirmeil. For informal conversation, airson còmhradh neo-fhoirmeil. Dramatic activities can be simple, informal and relatively unstructured, faodaidh gnìomhan-dràma a bhith sìmplidh, neo-fhoirmeil agus gu ìre gun structar
informality n neo-fhoirmeileachd f
informant n 1 neach-brath m, pl luchd-brath
2 neach-fiosrachaidh m, pl luchd-fiosrachaidh
information n 1 fiosrachadh m, gen fiosrachaidh. Receiving information, a’ faotainn fiosrachaidh. Pupils will listen individually and in groups so as to gain information, bidh sgoilearan ag èisteachd an dà chuid fa leth agus nam buidhnean ach am faigh iad fiosrachadh. Information texts, teacsaichean-fiosrachaidh. Listening for information, instructions and directions, ag èisteachd airson fiosrachaidh, seòlaidh agus stiùiridh. a short, straightforward text which gives an item of information, instruction or direction, teacsa goirid furasta anns a bheil fiosrachadh, seòladh no stiùireadh
2 fios m, gen fiosa. Did you get any information about them? an d’fhuair thu fios sam bith mun deidhinn? Each child’s record sheet must contain information on any medical condition or allergies that the child suffers from, feumaidh fios a bhith air bileig-chlàraidh gach neach-chloinne a thaobh gnothaich mheidigich sam bith no aileirgidhean a bhitheas a’ cur air an neach-chloinne
3 brath m, gen bratha. I shall send you information soon, cuiridh mi brath thugad a dh’aithghearr
information mod fiosrachaidh. Information centre, ionad fiosrachaidh. Information handling, làimhseachadh fiosrachaidh. It is important for pupils to “question” the information source, tha e cudthromach gum bi a’ chlann a’ “ceasnachadh” air an teacsa fiosrachaidh. In order to recognise and categorize the appropriateness of information sources, gus freagarrachd tùsan fiosrachaidh aithneachadh agus a sheòrsadh
information technology n phr teicneolas fiosrachaidh. Curricular dimensions such as information technology, cùisean a’ chlàir-theagaisg mar tha teicneolas fiosrachaidh
informational a 1 fiosrachaidh. Find an item of information from an informational or reference text, a’ lorg pìos fiosrachaidh o theacsa-fiosrachaidh. Informational texts make straightforward use of facts, tha teacsaichean fiosrachaidh a’ cleachdadh eòlais ann an dòigh shìmplidh. Differences in the nature of story and simple informational texts, eadar-dhealachaidhean ann an nàdar stòiridh no theacsaichean-fiosrachaidh sìmplidh
2 le fiosrachadh. Informational picture books should be introduced, tha còir tòiseachadh air leabhraichean-dealbh le fiosrachadh. Teachers should provide a wide range of picture, story and informational texts, tha còir aig tidsearan teacsaichean de iomadh seòrsa, le dealbhan is stòiridhean is fiosrachadh, a thoirt don chloinn
infra-red a fo-dhearg
infrastructure n expressed with cùl-taice m, gen cùil-thaice. Gaelic-medium education is a new initiative and the support infrastructure for it is in the process of being developed, is e iomairt ùr a tha ann am foghlam tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig agus tha an cùl-taice aige fhathast ga leasachadh
infrequent a ainmig
ingenious a innleachdach
ingest v tr sluig, vn slugadh m
ingredient n 1 stuth m, pl stuthan
2 tàthchuid f, gen tàthchodach, pl tàthchuidean, tàthchodaichean
ingrowing a. Ingrowing toenail, ìne (a’ fàs) san fheòil
inhabit v tr àitich, vn àiteachadh m
inhabitable a so-àiteachaidh
inhabitant n 1 neach-àiteachaidh m, pl luchd-àiteachaidh
2 neach-tuineachaidh m, pl luchd-tuineachaidh
3 duine m, pl daoine, plus a tha a chòmhnaidh. The inhabitants of this area would have been small-scale farmers, bhitheadh na daoine a bha a chòmhnaidh san àite seo nan tuathanaich bheaga
inhabitants n pl also expressed with muinntir f, gen muinntire
inhalation n ion-analachadh m, gen ion-analachaidh
inhale 1 v i tarraing t’anail, vn tarraing t’analach
2 v tr gabh a-steach leis an anail, vn gabhail…
3 v tr & i ion-anailich, vn ion-analachadh m
initial a 1 tùs-. Through a programme which should incorporate an initial sight vocabulary, tro phrògram a dh’fheumadh tùs-bhriathrachas sùla a ghabhail a-staigh
2 expressed with toiseach m. In the initial stages, aig toiseach cùise
3 not directly expressed. The most important of these is the initial Immersion phase, an nì as cudthromaiche dhiubha seo ’s e an ùine dhrùdhaidh
initiate v tr 1 cleachd plus air a cheann fhèin, vn cleachdadh etc. At Level E pupils will initiate new language, aig Ìre E cleachdaidh a’ chlann cànain air an ceann fhèin
2 cuir mu choinneamh chàich, vn cur mu choinneamh chàich. To initiate new ideas, a bhith a’ cur bhun-bheachdan ùra mu choinneamh chàich
initiative n 1 iomairt f, pl iomairtean. Gaelic-medium education is a new initiative and the support infrastructure for it is in the process of being developed, is e iomairt ùr a tha ann am foghlam tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig agus tha an cùl-taice aige fhathast ga leasachadh. Parents are exercising choice in support of current initiatives, tha pàrantan a’ cur taice, le roghainn, ris na h-iomairtean a tha a’ dol
2 expressed with air a cheann fhèin. Groups and individuals should be left to their own initiative, bu chòir buidhnean no pàistean fa leth cothrom fhaighinn a bhith air an ceann fhèin. Pupils will begin to show initiative, bidh a’ chlann a’ tòiseachadh air cànain a’ chleachdadh air an ceann fhèin
inject v tr 1 ann-steallaich, vn ann-stealladh m
2 bruid, vn bruideadh m
injection n 1 ann-stealladh m, gen ann-steallaidh, pl ann-steallaidhean
2 bruideadh m, gen bruididh, pl bruididhean
injury n 1 leòn m, gen leòin, pl leòntan
2 (a) dochann m, gen dochainn, pl dochannan
(b) expressed with dochainn, vn dochann m. If necessary preventative physical action may be taken to avoid the risk of injury to a child, ma bhitheas e riatanach faodar gnìomh corporra bacaidh a dhèanamh gus cunnart a sheachnadh gun tèid neach-cloinne a dhochann
injustice n 1 (a) mì-cheartas m, gen mì-cheartais
(b) ana-ceartas m, gen ana-ceartais
2 anacothrom m, gen anacothruim
3 aindlighe f
inland a a-staigh san tìr
inland area n phr staigh-thìr f, pl staigh-thìrean
inlet n 1 camas m, gen camais, pl camasan
2 òb m, pl òban
3 sàilean m, gen sàilein, pl sàileanan
inner a a-staigh. Inner area, taobh a-staigh
inner city area n phr staigh-bhaile m, pl staigh-bhailtean
innuendo n 1 leth-fhacal m, gen leth-fhacail, pl leth-fhacail and leth-fhaclan
2 fiar-shanas m, gen fiar-shanais, pl fiar-shanasan
input n 1 steach-chur m, gen steach-chuir, pl steach-churan
2 expressed with na tha … a’ dèanamh. Use of volunteers will help to augment the teacher’s input, bidh luchd-cuideachaidh saor-thoileach a’ cuideachadh le bhith a’ cur ris na tha an tidsear a’ dèanamh
input mod a-steach. The input phase, an fho-rèis a-steach
inquire v tr faighnich, vn faighneachd f
inquiry n 1 ceist f, pl ceistean. Inquiries should be made to…, bu chòir ceist sam bith a chur gu…
2 rannsachadh m, gen rannsachaidh, pl rannsachaidhean. A public inquiry, rannsachadh poblach
inscription n 1 sgrìobhadh m, gen sgrìobhaidh, pl sgrìobhaidhean
2 sgrìobhadh-gràbhalaidh m, gen sgrìobhaidh-ghràbhalaidh, pl sgrìobhaidhean-gràbhalaidh. A memorial pillar with a long inscription, carragh-chuimhne le sgrìobhadh-gràbhalaidh fada oirre
insect n 1 (a) meanbh-fhrìde f, pl meanbh-fhrìdean
(b) frìde f, pl frìdean
2 (familiar) expressed with biastag f, gen biastaig, pl biastagan
insect, scale n (famiy Coccidae of order Hemiptera) frìde f lannach, gen frìde lannaich, pl frìdean lannach
insecticide n puinnsean m mheanbh-fhrìdean, gen puinnsein mheanbh-fhrìdean, pl puinnseanan mheanbh-fhrìdean
inseparable a (grammar) do-sgaraichte. Inseparable prefix, roi-leasachan do-sgaraichte
insert v tr cuir a-steach, vn cur a-steach
insertion n 1 cur a-steach
2 a bhith a’ cur a-steach. The roundhouse was converted to a shieling hut by the insertion of the smaller internal walls, chaidh an taigh-cruinn atharrachadh gu bhith na bhothan-àirigh le bhith a’ cur a-steach nam ballachan beaga a tha na bhroinn
in-service a in-sheirbheis. In contexts such as in-service activities, ann an suidhichidhean mar ghnìomhan in-sheirbheis
inside n broinn f. The picture shows the inside of the shop, tha an dealbh a’ sealltainn broinn na bùtha
inside adv na bhroinn. A rectangular building with a later shieling hut built inside, togalach ceart-cheàrnach le bothan-àirigh air a thogail na bhroinn an dèidh làimhe
inside prep am broinn (plus gen). There was probably a similar structure built inside the roundhouse, is dòcha gun deach structar den aon seòrsa a thogail am broinn an taigh-chruinn
insoluble a do-eadarsgaoilidh. Insoluble in water, do-eadarsgaoilidh an uisge
inspection n 1 sgrùdadh m, gen sgrùdaidh, pl sgrùdaidhean. Profiles and inspections in the pre-school, teisteanais-mheasaidh agus sgrùdaidhean san ro-sgoile
2 mion-sgrùdadh m, gen mion-sgrùdaidh, pl mion-sgrùdaidhean. They carried out an investigation that lasted four months, rinn iad mion-sgrùdadh a mhair ceithir mìosan
inspector n 1 (a) neach-sgrùdaidh m, pl luchd-sgrùdaidh
(b) sgrùdair m, pl sgrùdairean
2 neach-rannsachaidh m, pl luchd-rannsaichaidh
install v tr cuir a-steach (do thaigh), vn cur a-steach
instalment n cuibhreann m, gen cuibhrinn, pl cuibhreannan
instant a grad. Instant coffee, grad-chofaidh. Instant potato, grad-bhuntàta
instead adv 1 an àite sin. Instead, she came home, an àite sin thanaig i dhachaigh
2 an àite with augmented preposition. If he can’t come take me instead, mur urrainn dha-san a thighinn thoir leat mise na àite
instead of prep phr an àite (plus gen). He fetched the big one instead of the small one, thug e leis am fear mòr an àite an fhir bhig. Instead of fencing large fields small enclosures were made, an àite raointean mòra a bhith air am feansadh chaidh àiteachan-iadhaidh beaga a dhèanamh
instigate v tr tog, vn togail. Linguistic formulae can be provided to instigate comments, faodar abairtean foirmeil a thoirt dhaibh gus beachdan a thogail
instruction n 1 seòladh m, gen seòlaidh, pl seòlaidhean. a short, straightforward text which gives an item of information, instruction or direction, teacsa goirid furasta anns a bheil fiosrachadh, seòladh no stiùireadh. A list of instructions, liosta sheòlaidhean. Listening for information, instructions and directions, ag èisteachd airson fiosrachaidh, seòlaidh agus stiùiridh. Show that they can use at least the following terms: discussion, instructions, directions, a’ nochdadh gun cuir iad gu feum, air a’ char as lugha, na faclan a leanas: beachdachadh, seòladh, stiùireadh
2 puing-sheòlaidh f, pl puingean-seòlaidh. Listening to a series of instructions, ag èisteachd ri sreath phuingean-seòlaidh
3 stiùireadh m, gen stiùiridh, pl stiùiridhean
4 iarrtas m, pl iarrtasan. Give and respond to instructions relating to classroom activities and situations, cuir an cèill agus cuir an gnìomh iarrtasan co-cheangailte ri obair agus suidheachaidhean a’ chlas
instructional a seòlaidh m gen. As they encounter a wider variety of reference and instructional materials, mar a tha iad a’ coinneachadh ri barrachd sheòrsachan de stuthan fiosrachaidh no seòlaidh
instrument n 1 inneal m, gen inneil, pl innealan
2 ionnsramaid f, gen ionnsramaide, pl ionnsramaidean
instrumental a innealach. The instrumental case, an tuiseal innealach
insulate v tr
insulated a còmhdaichte. Insulated wire, uèir chòmhdaichte
insulator n 1 còmhdach-dealain m, gen còmhdaich-dhealain, pl còmhdaichean-dealain
2 casg-dealain m
insult n beum m, gen beuma, pl beumannan, beuman
insurance n àrachas m, gen àrachais. All insurance should be checked regarding appropriate cover, is còir dearbhadh a dhèanamh air an àrachas air fad a thaobh a bheil urras freagarrach ann
(insurance) cover n phr expressed with àrachas m, gen àrachais. All groups who are members of CNSA will have insurance cover provided by CNSA, a thaobh nam buidhnean air fad a tha nam ball de CNSA, bithidh àrachas aca a tha air a thoirt dhaibh le CNSA. All insurance should be checked regarding appropriate cover, is còir dearbhadh a dhèanamh air an àrachas air fad a thaobh a bheil urras freagarrach ann
intake n gabhail-a-staigh m. Intake source, bun gabhail a-staigh
integral a làn. As an integral part of classroom learning and teaching, mar làn phàirt de dh’ionnsachadh agus de theagasg anns a’ chlas
integrate v tr dlùth cheangail, vn dlùth cheangal. Integrate assessment with teaching, measadh a dhlùth cheangal ri teagasg
integrated a 1 co-òrdanaichte. It is best developed in integrated programmes of work, ’s ann am prògraman-obrach co-òrdanaichte as fheàrr a chuirear air adhart e
2 a tha air a cheangal ri chèile. It encourages the development of all the language components through an active, naturally integrated process, tha e a’ misneachadh leasachaidh air na h-earrainnean cànain uile tro adhartas a tha dèantanach agus a tha air a cheangal ri chèile gu nàdarra
3 aonaichte. Integrated circuit, cuairt aonaichte. Integrated steelworks, muileann-stàilinn aonaichte
integration n 1 expressed with co-òrdaichte. Integration and contextualisation within classwork, obair a’ chlas a bhith co-òrdaichte agus ceangailte ri suidhichidhean
2 expressed with gabh a-staigh, vn gabhail a-staigh. The integration of English into Gaelic-medium schools will be dependent on pupils’ abilities and needs, is ann a-rèir comasan agus feuman na cloinne a bhitheas a’ Bheurla air a gabhail a-staigh do sgoilean meadhan-Gàidhlig
intellectual a 1 a thaobh tuigse. Because language is central to children’s intellectual development, a chionn ’s gu bheil cànain ann an teis meadhan fàs chloinne a thaobh tuigse
2 ann an tuigse. Including intellectual development, agus sin a gabhail a-staigh fàs ann an tuigse
3 ceudfathach. An enhanced contribution to pupils’ social and intellectual growth, barrachd ga chur ri fàs sòisealta agus ceudfathach na cloinne
intend v tr 1 bi a’ meas. These statements are intended to be neither all-inclusive nor conclusive, chan eilear a’ meas gum bi seo a’ còmhdach nan cùisean uile no a’ tighinn gu co-dhùnadh daingeann mun timcheall
2 bi a’ ciallachadh. These statements are intended to be read by teachers, thathar a’ ciallachadh gun leughar na tha air a chur sìos an-seo le tidsearan. The attainment targets are not intended to be ceilings beyond which learning does not progress, tha e a-cheart cho fìor nach eilear a’ ciallachadh gu bheil na cuimsean coileanaidh cho àrd ’s nach eil ionnsachadh a’ dol os an cionn
3 bi am beachd. They intend to demonstrate against the plans to close the school, tha iad am beachd fianais a thogail an aghaidh nam planaichean airson an sgoil a dhùnadh
4 expressed with air cùl prep plus gen. The attainment targets are intended to help the teacher plan what might be achieved, is e a tha air cùl nan cuimsean coileanaidh, cuideachadh a dhèanamh leis an tidsear gus deasachadh a dhèanamh fa chomhair na ghabhadh a choileanadh
intended a 1 expressed with a tha san amharc. The intended audience, an luchd-amais a tha san amharc
2 expressed with air a bheilear a’ cuimseachadh. They should be able to identify intended audience, tha còir gun tèid aca air ròs fhaighinn air an luchd-amais air a bheilear a’ cuimseachadh
intensifier n (grammar) neartaichear m, gen neartaicheir, pl neartaichearan
intensify v tr neartaich, vn neartachadh m
intension n (logic) cuimse f
intensive a 1 dian, comp dèine. The later the start the more intensive the programme, mar as fhaide a thathar gun tòiseachadh ’s ann as dèine am prògram-obrach. This will include the more intensive use of that range of materials identified at Intermediate level, bidh seo a’ gabhail a-steach cleachdadh nas dèine air na seòrsachan stuthan a chomharraicheadh aig Meadhan Ìre. To develop their language skills by intensive education from an early age, gus an cuid sgilean cànain a leasachadh le dian-oideachadh o thùs gnothaich
2 (grammar) neartachaidh m gen. Intensive aspect, aogas neartachaidh. Intensive prefix, roi-leasachan neartachaidh
intensive agriculture n phr dian-àiteachas m, gen dian-àiteachais
intention n 1 rùn m, gen rùin, pl rùintean
2 expressed with nì/rud a tha san rùn, pl nithean/rudan etc. Pupils will be able to understand information about future intentions, thèid aig a’ chloinn air fiosrachadh mu nithean a tha san rùn a thuigsinn. Understand questions about future intentions, ceistean a thuigsinn mu rudan a tha san rùn
3 expressed with na tha san amharc. Adapt their mode of listening to their intention in listening, a bhith a’ ceangal ri chèile modh èisteachd agus na tha san amharc aca ann a bhith ag èisteachd
4 expressed with an dùil. Convey and understand information about future intentions and obligations, thoir seachad agus tuig fiosrachadh mu na bhitheas an dùil a dhèanamh agus na bhitheas a’ faicinn mar uallach
5 expressed with beachd m. We were not able to tell them our intentions in detail, cha b’ urrainn dhuinn innse dhaibh gu mionaideach dè bha nar beachd
6 expressed with air cùl prep. Though the intention of the activity may be the teaching of reading or writing, ged as e teagasg leughaidh no sgrìobhaidh a dh’fhaodadh a bhith air cùl na h-obrach
intentional a 1 rùnaichte
2 expressed with san rùn. Fact and opinion are used to discuss the identification of intentional or unintentional bias, bithear a’ cleachdadh fìrinn agus beachd gus beachdachadh air a bhith a’ cur aithne air claon-bhreith, biodh sin san rùn no air a chaochladh
inter v tr adhlaic, vn adhlacadh m
interact v 1 rach an lùib, vn dol an lùib. By letting them interact with characters’ dilemmas and situations, le bhith a’ leigeil leotha a dhol an lùib duilgheadasan agus suidhichidhean nam pearsachan
2 rach an lùib a chèile, vn dol m an lùib a chèile. All four will interact, bidh na ceithir a’ dol an lùib a chèile
3 dèan co-luadar, vn dèanamh m co-luadair. To interact with others, gus co-luadar a dhèanamh ri daoine eile
4 dèan ceangal, vn dèanamh ceangail. Providing them with settings to interact with others, a’ cur suidhichidhean nan tairgse gus ceangal a dhèanamh ri feadhainn eile
5 eadar-oibrich, vn eadar-oibreachadh m
interaction n 1 co-luadar m. In all forms of daily interaction, anns gach seòrsa de cho-luadar làitheil. To communicate in social interaction, conaltradh a dhèanamh ann an co-luadar sòisealta. Small groups will ease interaction, bidh co-luadar air a dhèanamh nas fhasa le buidhnean beaga
2 eadar-cheangal m, gen eadar-cheangail, pl eadar-cheanglaichean. Pupils will be capable of handling social interactions, bidh comas aig a’ chloinn air eadar-cheanglaichean sòisealta a làimhseachadh
3 conaltradh m, gen conaltraidh. To ensure that Gaelic continues to be acquired within a natural setting of social interaction, gus dèanamh cinnteach gum bi a’ Ghàidhlig fhathast ga togail ann an suidheachadh nàdarrach, tro chonaltradh sòisealta
4 expressed with conaltradh ri chèile. Though they are in constant interaction, ged a tha iad daonnan ann an conaltradh ri chèile
5 expressed with mar a tha … a’ buntainn ri cach a-chèile. At all times pupils’ interaction and development should be positively fostered, tha còir daonnan àrach dèantanach a dhèanamh air leasachadh na cloinne agus mar a tha iad a’ buntainn ri cach a-chèile
6 expressed with eadar daoine or eadar dhaoine. It should cover the language of personal interaction, bu chòir cànain phearsanta eadar dhaoine a ghabhail a-staigh. Talking is the main means of social communication and interaction, is e a bhith a’ labhairt am prìomh mheadhan air conaltradh sòisealta eadar daoine
7 eadar-oibreachadh m, gen eadar-oibreachaidh, pl eadar-oibreachaidhean
interactive a 1 eadar-dhèantanach. Multimedia applications generally, including interactive video, innleachdan ioma-meadhanach anns an fharsaingeachd, a’ gabhail a-staigh bhideo eadar-dhèantanach
2 pearsa-ri-pearsa. By developing thinking and feeling through interactive situations, le bhith a’ toirt smuain agus faireachdainn gu ìre ann an suidhichidhean pearsa-ri-pearsa
interchange n expressed with còmhradh m eadar, gen còmhraidh eadar. In teacher/pupil interchange, ann an còmhradh eadar an tidsear agus am pàiste
interconnect v tr
interconnected a air an ceangal ri chèile. The water distribution mains are interconnected, tha na prìomh-phìoban sgaoilidh uisge air an ceangal ri chèile
interconnection n expressed with mar a tha … an dàimh da chèile. Teachers should introduce pupils to the other Celtic languages and explain their interconnections, bu chòir do thidsearan clann a chur an aithne chànan Ceilteach eile agus a chur an cèill dhaibh mar a tha iad an dàimh da chèile
intercostal a 1 eadar-aisneach
2 expressed with clèibh m gen. Intercostal muscles, fèithean clèibh
intercourse n 1 coluadar m, gen co-luadair
2 (sexual) co-riachdain m
sexual intercourse n phr 1 co-riachdain m. They had sexual intercourse, bha co-riachdain feiseil aca. Heterosexual intercourse, co-riachdain heitreaghnèitheach
2 feise f
interment n adhlacadh m, gen adhlacaidh. Funeral and interment, tiodhlacadh agus adhlacadh
interdenominational a eadar-eaglaisean. An interdenominational Gaelic service, seirbheis Ghàidhlig eadar-eaglaisean
interdependence n eadar-eisimeileachd f
interest n 1 ùidh f, pl ùidhean. Exemplified by increased interest in literature, mar eisimpleir air a seo tha barrachd ùidh ga gabhail ann an litreachas. Which stimulates pupils’ imaginations and their interest in and enjoyment of language in all its aspects, a bheothaicheas mac-meanmna na cloinne agus an ùidh a tha aca anns gach raon de chànain agus an tlachd a gheibh iad asda seo. Real communication on matters of interest and relevance to pupils. Fìor chonaltradh mu nithean anns a bheil ùidh aig cloinn agus a tha a’ freagairt orra. To give pupils an interest in the roots, derivations and make-up of words which are especially interesting, gus ùidh na cloinne a thogail ann am faclan a tha sònraichte inntinneach: na freumhaichean aca, co às a thàinig iad, agus mar a tha iad air an cur ri chèile. They should consider whether the text matches the pupils’ interests, tha còir aca beachdachadh air co-dhiùbh a tha an teacsa a’ tighinn a-rèir ùidhean na cloinne. The syllabus of programmes should be designed to keep pace with their maturational level and interests, bu chòir clàr-obrach nam prògraman a dheilbh gus còrdadh a dhèanamh ri an ìre fàis agus an ùidhean
2 expressed with rud, nì anns a bheil ùidh. They are given scope to practise them in contexts that match their needs, interests and abilities, tha clann a’ faighinn eòlais air caochladh sheòrsachan labhairt agus sgrìobhaidh, agus tha cothrom aca iad seo a chur an cèill ann an suidhichidhean a tha a’ tighinn a-rèir am feuman, an comasan agus nan rudan anns a bheil ùidh aca. An interest, nì anns a bheil ùidh
3 expressed with nì anns a bheil … a’ gabhail ùidh. It is essential that the programs of study they follow should keep pace with their developing interests, tha e do-sheachnaichte riatanach gum bi na clàran oideachaidh aca a’ dol a rèir nan nithean anns a bheil iad a’ gabhail ùidh mar a tha iad a’ fàs nas sine
4 expressed with nì anns a bheil ùidh aig. A natural way of developing pupils’ own out-of-school interests and activities, dòigh nàdarrach air a bhith ag adhartachadh nithean taobh a-muigh na sgoile anns a bheil ùidh aig cloinn agus anns a bheil iad an sàs
5 leas m. To oversee customers’ interests, gus sùil a chumail air leas nan custamairean
interest mod ùidh. More differentiated targets which will reflect maturational and interest changes, cuimsean nas eadar-dhealaichte a nochdas atharraichidhean fàis agus ùidh
interest v tr
interested a 1 expressed with bi plus ùidh aig. Pupils learn effectively when they are stimulated, interested and actively involved in the learning process, tha deagh bhuaidh air ionnsachadh na cloinne an uair a tha iad air am brosnachadh, an uair a tha ùidh aca anns na bheil iad a’ dèanamh agus an uair a tha iad an sàs gu dèantanach nan cuid ionnsachaidh
2 expressed with cuir suim an prep, vn cur suim ann. We weren’t interested in school at all, cha robh sinn a’ cur suim anns an sgoil idir
interesting a 1 tarraingeach. Provide pupils with varied, interesting assignments, gnìomhan tarraingeach de chaochladh sheòrsachan a thairgse don chloinn. Learning contexts should present pupils with interesting tasks and stimuli, tha còir aig suidhichidhean ionnsachaidh gnìomhan agus brosnachaidhean tarraingeach a chur fa chomhair na cloinne
2 inntinneach. Nurturing them in constructive, interesting ways, gan oideachadh ann an dòighean a tha feumail agus inntinneach. Which give them an interesting purpose for their listening, a bheir dhaibh adhbhar inntinneach airson an cuid èisteachd. That is an interesting idea, ’s e bun-bheachd inntinneach a tha sin. To give pupils an interest in the roots, derivations and make-up of words which are especially interesting, gus ùidh na cloinne a thogail ann am faclan a tha sònraichte inntinneach: na freumhaichean aca, co às a thàinig iad, agus mar a tha iad air an cur ri chèile
interference n eadraiginn f
interjection n clisgear m, gen clisgeir, pl clisgearan
interim n
in the interim prep phr san eadar-ama. There must be some contribution in the interim, feumaidh rudeigin a bhith air a chur a-staigh san eadar-ama
interlock v tr co-naisg, vn co-nasgadh m
interlocking a co-naisgte. Interlocking spurs, sporan co-naisgte
intermediate a 1 eadar-ìreach. Intermediate technology, teicneòlas eadar-ìreach
2 (botany) meadhanach. Intermediate bladderwort, lus nam balgan meadhanach
intermediate n meadhan ìre f
internal a 1 air an taobh a-staigh. An internal diameter of 10m, trasd-thomhas de 10m air an taobh a-staigh
2 expressed with am broinn plus gen, na bhroinn. The roundhouse was converted to a shieling hut by the insertion of the smaller internal walls, chaidh an taigh-cruinn atharrachadh gu bhith na bhothan-àirigh le bhith a’ cur a-steach nam ballachan beaga a tha na bhroinn
3 meadhain m gen. Internal rhyme, comhardadh meadhain
internally adv air an taobh a-staigh. A stone walled round house 12m in diameter externally and 8m internally, taigh cruinn le balla cloiche 12m an trasd-thomhas air an taobh a-muigh agus 8m a-staigh
international a eadar-nàiseanta. International tale, sgeulachd eadar-nàiseanta. International boundaries, crìochan eadar-nàiseanta
internet n eadar-lìon m, gen eadar-lìn
interpret v 1 mìnich, vn mìneachadh m. Interpreting levels and targets, Mìneachadh air ìrean agus cuimsean
2 breithnich air, vn breithneachadh air. A better understanding of texts, the nature of the messages they convey and how their information should be interpreted, eòlas nas fheàrr air teacsaichean fhèin, air nàdar na teachdaireachd a tha iad a’ cur an cèill, agus mar bu chòir breithneachadh air an fhiosrachadh a tha annta
3 breithnich, vn breithneachadh m. Capturing, storing, gaining access to, changing and interpreting information, a’ glacadh, a’ stòradh, a’ lorg, ag atharrachadh agus a’ breithneachadh fiosrachaidh
interpretation n 1 mìneachadh m. The additional comments on the interpretation of levels and targets, na chanar a thuilleadh air mìneachadh ìrean agus chuimsean
2 expressed with breithnich, vn breithneachadh. When an interpretation of body language may be necessary to understand fully the overall communication, agus feum air cànain bhodhaig a bhreithneachadh gus tuigse iomlan fhaighinn air a’ chonaltradh anns an fharsaingeachd
inter-relationship n 1 co-cheangal m, gen co-cheangail. develop inter-relationships with the Gaelic community, co-cheangal ri coimhearsnachd na Gàidhlig a thoirt gu ìre
2 ceangal m, gen ceangail, pl ceanglaichean. By developing inter-relationships with the Gaelic community, le bhith a’ dèanamh cheanglaichean ri coimhearsnachd na Gàidhlig
3 eadar-dhàimh f. Pupils will discuss conflicts, inter-relationships, bidh a’ chlann a’ beachdachadh air strì, eadar-dhàimh
interrogative a ceisteach. Interrogative pronoun, roimhear ceisteach. Interrogative particle, mion-fhacal ceisteach
inter-school a eadar sgoiltean. To encourage inter-school projects, gus misneachadh a dhèanamh air pròiseactan eadar sgoiltean
intertwined a 1 expressed with an lùib a chèile. The four intertwined components of Gaelic are woven into both classroom activities and assessment procedures, tha ceithir roinnean na Gàidhlig air am fighe a-steach an lùib a-chèile an dà chuid ann an obair an ruim-theagaisg agus ann an iomairtean measaidh
2 expressed with freumhaich, vn freumhachadh m. The values and knowledge which motivate cultures are deeply intertwined in their languages, tha na prìomh-bheachdan agus an t-eòlas a tha a’ gluasad dhualchasan a’ freumhachadh gu domhain nan cuid chànan
intervene v i thig a-steach (or a-staigh) don chùis. The teacher will intervene sensitively, bidh an tidsear a’ tighinn a-steach don chùis ann an dòigh mhothachail. And intervening only as necessary, agus a’ tighinn a-staigh don chùis a-mhàin an uair a tha e riatanach
intervention n 1 expressed with thig a-staigh, vn tighinn m a-staigh. This will be aided by discussion, with appropriate teacher intervention, cuidichidh beachdachadh le seo, agus an tidsear a’ tighinn a-staigh mar a bhitheas sin freagarrach
2 obair f. This shows human intervention, tha seo a’ sealltainn obair dhaoine
interview n 1 agallamh m, gen agallaimh, pl agallamhan. Giving individual reading interviews, a’ toirt agallamh leughaidh do phàistean fa leth. Talks and interviews given by classmates and visiting adults, òraidean is agallamhan o cho-aoisean no o inbhich a bhitheas a’ tadhal. Questions appropriate to the purpose of the interview, and to the visit, ceistean a fhreagras air adhbhar an agallaimh no an tadhail
2 còmhradh m, pl còmhraidhean. Interviews with older people will give a picture of former ways of life, bheir còmhraidhean ri seann daoine dealbh dhuinn air dòighean-beatha a dh’fhalbh
interview mod agallaimh. In the interview situation, ann an suidheachadh agallaimh
interview v tr 1 agallaich, vn agalladh m, agallachadh m
2 ceasnaich, vn ceasnachadh m. Visitors to the school, who may be interviewed, feadhainn a tha a’ tadhal air an sgoil agus a dh’fhaodar an ceasnachadh
interviewer n agallamhair m, pl agallamhairean
interweave v tr
interwoven a expressed with an lùib a chèile. They will be involved in an interwoven scheme of listening, talking, reading, and writing, bidh iad an sàs ann an sgeama èisteachd, labhairt, leughaidh agus sgrìobhaidh anns a bheil na sgilean sin uile an lùib a chèile
intestine n caolan m, gen & pl caolain. The large intestine, an caolan mòr. The small intestine, an caolan beag
into prep 1 a-steach do (plus dat). We went into the house, chaidh sinn a-steach don taigh
2 an prep (plus dat). This approach should be continued into secondary, bu chòir an dòigh-obrach seo a chumail a’ dol san àrdsgoil
3 gu (plus rad). The range of texts needs to expand further into news and debate, tha e riatanach a bhith a’ leudachadh air na teacsaichean gu naidheachdan agus deasbaireachd
4 a dh’ionnsaigh (plus gen). Developing from exploratory work into more fully formed and organised outcomes, a’ fàs à obair rannsachaidh a dh’ionnsaigh thoraidhean air a bheil an tuilleadh cumaidh agus eagrachaidh
5 a bhroinn (plus gen)
6 expressed with bi am bogadh. They should be encouraged, once into a text, not merely to identify its basic type, bu chòir am misneachadh aon uair ’s gu bheil iad am bogadh anns an teacsa chan ann a-mhàin gus aithneachadh dè an seòrsa a tha ann
intonation n 1 guth-cheòl m, gen guth-chiùil
2 expressed with fuaimneachadh cainnte n phr. The genre of oral messages is often revealed as much by intonation as by the words themselves, tha gnè labhairt gu tric ga foillseachadh le fuaimneachadh cainnte agus chan ann a-mhàin leis na faclan fhèin
3 (linguistics) tònachd f
intransitive a neo-aisigeach
introduce v 1 cuir an aithne, vn cur m an aithne. To introduce a person, cuideigin a chur an aithne neach eile. Pupils should be introduced to matters such as Gaelic music, bu chòir a’ chlann a chur an aithne nithean mar tha ceòl na Gàidhlig. They should be introduced to a variety of authors, tha còir an cur an aithne caochladh ùghdairean. Teachers need to introduce pupils to the grammatical, literary and other technical terms of language, feumaidh na tidsearan a’ chlann a chur an aithne nam briathran cànain a bhuineas do ghràmar, do litreachas agus an leithid sin. Teachers should introduce pupils to the other Celtic languages and explain their interconnections, bu chòir do thidsearan clann a chur an aithne chànan Ceilteach eile agus a chur an cèill dhaibh mar a tha iad an dàimh da chèile. This approach should have the dual aim of introducing pupils to a variety of topics and of familiarising them with new language, tha dà amas aig a leithid seo de dhòigh-obrach: a’ chlann a chur an aithne caochladh chuspairean, agus eòlas a thoirt dhaibh air cànain ùir
2 thoir a-steach or a-staigh, vn toirt a-steach or a-staigh. When oral skills are well established teachers will introduce reading and writing, aon uair ’s gu bheil sgilean cainnt-bheòil air an stèidheachadh gu math bheir na tidsearan leughadh agus sgrìobhadh a-staigh. It may first be introduced when pupils are themselves the audience, faodar a thoirt a-steach airson a’ chiad turais an uair a tha a’ chlann fhèin nan luchd-amais. The ideas of introduction and conclusion may be introduced, faodar bun-bheachdan ro-ràdha agus co-dhùnaidh a thoirt a-steach. Sections of text setting the scene, introducing a character, earrainnean teacsa a tha ag ullachadh an sgeòil, a’ toirt a-steach pearsa. Through introducing peer- and self- assessment, le bhith a’ toirt a-steach measadh co-aoise agus fèin-mheasaidh
3 thoir am follais, vn toirt am follais. It is inevitable that that the terminology of the word, sentence and punctuation will be introduced, chan eil rian nach bi ainmeachas an fhacail, an t-seantans agus a’ phungaidh gan toirt am follais
4 thoir aithne do, vn toirt aithne do. For pupils with learning difficulties, the concept keyboard can introduce word-processing, faodaidh clàr-iuchrach na smuaine aithne thoirt do chloinn le duilgheadasan-ionnsachaidh air dealbh-sgrìobhadh
5 tòisich air, vn tòiseachadh m air. English should not be introduced until…, cha bu chòir tòiseachadh air a’ bheurla gus…. Word banks should be introduced, tha còir tòiseachadh air bancaichean fhaclan. Paragraphing will be introduced at this level, tòisichear air paragrafan a dhèanamh aig an ìre seo
6 cuir an greim, vn cur an greim. Pupils will be introduced systematically to letter formation, cuirear a’ chlann ann an dòigh riaghailteach an greim ann a bhith a’ cumadh litrichean
7 bonntaich, vn bonntachadh m. Introducing or reinforcing a specific skill, a’ bonntachadh no a’ neartachadh sgil shònraichte
8 stèidhich, vn stèidheachadh m. Introduce a system where children may talk with an independent person, stèidhich siostam leis am faigh clann bruidhinn ri neach neo-eisimeileach
9 bruidhnich mu … an toiseach, vn bruidhinn f…. The teacher should introduce each text, tha còir aig an tidsear bruidhinn mu gach teacs an toiseach
10 cuir fa chomhair, vn cur fa chomhair. Parts of it will be devoted to introducing the characters, bidh cuid dhith air a toirt do bhith a’ cur nam pearsachan far comhair
11 expressed with thig am follais, vn tighinn am follais. The next part of the story, which introduces the victim, an ath phàirt den stòiridh, far a bheil an neach air a bheil brath a’ tighinn am follais
12 expressed with faigh aithne air, vn faighinn aithne air. Working in this way pupils will be introduced to aspects of performance, ann a bhith ag obair anns an dòigh seo gheibh clann aithne air nithean a tha a’ bualadh air a bhith a’ gabhail pàirt
introduction n 1 (to book) facal-tòisich m, gen & pl facail-tòisich
2 (to book) ro-ràdh m, gen ro-ràdha, pl ro-ràdhan. Show that they can use at least the following terms: introduction, conclusion, a’ nochdadh gun cuir iad gu feum, air a’ char as lugha, na faclan a leanas: ro-ràdh, co-dhùnadh. The ideas of introduction and conclusion, bun-bheachdan ro-ràdha agus co-dhùnaidh. Introductions and conclusions will be used in relation to planning, cleachdar ro-ràdhan agus co-dhùnaidhean an co-cheangal ri planadh
3 expressed with tùs. As an introduction to self- and peer-assessment, mar thùs-measaidh orra fhèin ’s air an co-aoisean
4 expressed with aithne f. An introduction to and awareness of the present day Gaelic cultural background, aithne agus mothachadh air cultar Gàidhlig an latha an diugh
5 not expressed directly. We hope that groups will not feel discouraged or threatened in any way by the introduction of this policy, tha sinn an dòchas nach bi am poileasaidh na adhbhar mì-mhisnich no bagraidh air chor sam bith do bhuidhnean
intrude v tr 1 brùth a-steach, vn brùthadh a-steach
2 (geology) ion-sàth, vn ion-sàthadh m. These dykes were probably intruded some 60 million years ago, bithidh e coltach gun deach na gàrraidhean seo ion-sàthadh sa chreig mu 60 millean bliadhna air ais
intrusion n (geology) ion-sàthadh m, gen ion-sàthaidh, pl ion-sàthaidhean. Igneous intrusions, ion-sàthaidhean teinntidh
intuition n imfhios m
intuitive a imfhiosach
invade v tr 1 thoir ionnsaigh air, vn toirt ionnsaigh air
2 brist a-steach air, vn bristeadh a-steach air
invalid a neo-thàbhachdach
invaluable a do-sheachnaichte feumail. Invaluable in this are self- and peer-evaluation, tha fèin-bhreithneachadh agus breithneachadh cho-aoisean do-sheachnaichte feumail a thaobh seo
invariable a neo-atharrachail. This noun is invariable in the singular, tha an t-ainmear seo neo-atharrachail san t-singilte
invariably adv an còmhnaidh
invariant a do-atharraichte. The distinctive features must remain invariant, feumaidh na feartan dealachaidh mairsinn do-atharraichte
invent v tr innlich, vn innleachadh m
invention n nuadh-innleachd f, pl nuadh-innleachdan
2 nì m a tha air innleachadh. New products and inventions, nithean a tha air an ùr dhèanamh agus air an ùr innleachadh
inventive a innleachdach
inventor n innliche m, pl innlichean
inversion n 1 iom-thionntadh m, gen iom-thionntaidh, pl iom-thionntaidhean. Temperature inversion, iom-thionntadh teothachd
2 ais-iompachadh m, gen ais-iompachaidh, pl ais-iompachaidhean
invert v tr
inverted commas n phr cromagan f pl turrach
invertebrate n neo-dhruim-altachan m, gen & pl neo-dhruim-altachain
invest v tr cuir an seilbh, vn cur an seilbh. They had invested money in coal mines, bha iad air airgead a chur an seilbh ann an mèinnean guail
investment n 1 cur m an seilbh
2 expressed with cuir v an seilbh. Investment in Scotlands water is required to ensure its quality remains high, feumar airgead a chur an seilbh ann an uisge an Alba gus a bhith cinnteach gun mair am maitheas aige aig ìre àrd
investigate v tr rannsaich, vn rannsachadh m. They will continue to respond by investigating a text using discussion, bidh iad fhathast a’ rannsachadh teacsa tro cho-bheachdachadh. While involved in making models, investigating, etc., fhad ’s a tha iad an sàs a’ dèanamh mhodailean, a’ rannsachadh, agus mar sin. A natural way of creating situations to investigate texts, dòigh nàdarrach air a bhith a’ toirt am bith suidhichidhean gus teacsaichean a rannsachadh
investigation n 1 rannsachadh m, gen rannsachaidh, pl rannsachaidhean. It will permit imaginative investigation of situations apparently remote from themselves, bheir e cothrom do rannsachadh tro mhac-meanmna air suidhichidhean a shaoileadh tu a tha aig astar bhuapa fhèin. Inter-school projects such as magazines, investigations and information sharing, pròiseactan eadar sgoiltean, mar tha irisean, rannsachaidhean agus co-phàirteachadh fiosrachaidh
2 expressed with rannsaich, vn rannsachadh m. Carrying out investigations to generate thinking skills, a’ rannsachadh gus sgilean smaoineachaidh a thoirt gu bith
investment n cur m an seilbh
2 airgead-seilbh, gen airgid-sheilbh
3 airgead-tasgaidh, gen airgid-thasgaidh
invitation n 1 expressed with bi fàilte air. The invitation to comment contained in the Working Paper, thuirt am Pàipear Gnìomha gum biodh fàilte air beachdan
2 cuireadh m
invite v tr 1 thoir cuireadh do, vn toirt f cuiridh do. He invites education authorities, tha e a’ toirt cuiridh do dh’ùghdarrasan foghlaim. Children should be invited to identify these differences, bu chòir cuireadh a thoirt don chloinn na h-eadar-dhealachaidhean seo aithneachadh
2 iarr, vn iarraidh m. The teacher should invite recall of straightforward features of the text, tha còir aig an tidsear iarraidh orra cuimhneachadh air na nithean as cumanta mu dheidhinn an teacsa
involve v tr 1 (a) cuir an sàs, vn cur an sàs. Teaching and learning in the classroom will involve pupils in a broader range of language activities, cuiridh teagasg agus ionnsachadh anns a’ chlas a’ chlann an sàs ann am barrachd ghnìomhan-cànain. Some of those listeners’ tasks will involve pupils in carrying out simple directions, cuiridh cuid de na gnìomhan èisteachd sin a’ chlann an sàs ann a bhith a’ coileanadh stiùiridh shìmplidh. Through drama, pupils will be increasingly involved in using forms of language, tro dhràma bithidh clann gan sìor chur an sàs ann a bhith a’ cleachdadh modhan cànain. Involving them in discussion, gan cur an sàs ann am beachdachadh
(b) cuir an greim, vn cur an greim. Reports based on pupils’ reading will involve the teacher in helping them to analyse the text, cuiridh aithisgean a tha air am bonntachadh air leughadh chloinne an tidsear an greim ann a bhith gan cuideachadh gus sgrùdadh a dhèanamh air an teacsa. There is also a sense of purpose and structure since the creation of media products involves the children in learning skills, gheibh a’ chlann mothachadh cuideachd air adhbhar agus air structar, a chionn le bhith a’ cruthachadh adhbhair-mheadhain tha iad gan cur an greim ann a bhith a’ togail sgilean
(c) cuir an lùib, vn cur an lùib. Visits from companies or excursions to the theatre are obvious ways of involving pupils with drama, dòighean follaiseach gus clann a chur an lùib dràma ’s e companaidhean a bhith a’ tadhal, no a’ chlann fhèin a bhith a’ dol don taigh-chluiche
2 thoir a-staigh, vn toirt a-staigh. A school’s policy will involve varying degrees of co-operation and consultation, bheir poileasaidh sgoile a-staigh co-oibreachadh agus co-luadar ann an tomhais eadar-dhealaichte
3 thoir air, vn toirt air. Through involving pupils in picking out items relevant to the topic, le bhith a’ toirt air a’ chloinn taghadh a dhèanamh air nithean a tha a’ freagairt air a’ chuspair
4 buin ri, vn buntainn m. Any programme involving the teaching of Gaelic, prògram sam bith a tha a’ buntainn ri teagasg na Gàidhlig
5 gabh a-steach, vn gabhail a-steach. A programme which will involve developing auditory discrimination, prògram a tha a’ gabhail a-steach fàs ann an comas cluaise. More fully formed and organised outcomes, involving scene setting and the writing of scripts, toraidhean air a bheil an tuilleadh cumaidh agus eagrachaidh, agus a tha a’ gabhail a-steach sheallaidhean agus sgrìobhadh sgriobtaichean
6 coisinn gum bi. This will involve the teacher in helping pupils to select questions, coisnidh seo gum bi an tidsear a’ cuideachadh na cloinne ann a bhith a’ taghadh cheistean
7 bi a’ ciallachadh. This may involve beginning to read simple signs, faodaidh seo a bhith a’ ciallachadh a bhith a’ tòiseachadh air soidhnichean sìmplidh a leughadh. It is recommended that you return by following the route marked on the map, which involves crossing the area of stony moraines, thàtar a’ moladh gun till thu le bhith a’ leantainn a’ chùrsa a tha comharraichte air a’ mhapa, nì a tha a’ ciallachadh a bhith a’ dol tarsainn air far a bheil na morainean clachach
8 cuir gu, vn cur m gu. The topics may involve the pupils in research, cuiridh na cuspairean a’ chlann gu rannsachadh
9 (a) expressed with bi plus feum air. Providing such opportunities will involve the following, ann a bhith a’ tairgse a leithid seo bidh feum air na leanas
(b) expressed with feum v. Gaining a command of Gaelic is a process involving the gradual acquisition and expansion of knowledge, skills and understanding, gus a’ Ghàidhlig ionnsachadh feumar eòlas, sgilean agus tuigse a thogail agus a leudachadh mean air mhean
10 expressed with cleachd, vn cleachdadh m. Using games involving word lists, a’ cleachdadh gheamannan a tha a’ cleachdadh liostaichean fhaclan
11 expressed with an prep. Classroom contexts which involve different combinations of listening, talking, reading and writing, suidhichidhean sa chlas anns a bheil èisteachd, labhairt, leughadh agus sgrìobhadh ann an caochladh cothlamaidh. Especially songs involving action and repetition, gu sònraichte òrain anns a bheil gnìomh agus atharrais
12 expressed with agus conj plus vn. These responses will be simple and uncritically accepted, involving the teacher sensitively extending pupils’ talk, cha bhi na freagairtean seo ach sìmplidh agus gabhar riutha gun cheist agus an tidsear a’ leudachadh labhairt na cloinne ann an dòigh mhothachail
13 expressed with a dh’ionnsaigh prep. The teacher will broaden pupils’ experience to involve texts of greater maturity of ideas, leudaichidh an tidsear air fiosrachadh nas cloinne a dh’ionnsaigh theacsaichean a tha nas adhartaiche ann am bun-bheachdan
14 expressed with air prep. The trail involves steep slopes and boggy areas, tha leòidean casa agus boglaichean air an t-slighe
15 not directly expressed. For a few in Gaelic medium programmes, language development will not involve attainment of the targets, tha àireamh bheag a tha gan oideachadh tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig nach bi a’ coileanadh nan cuimsean ann an cànain
involved a 1 an sàs ann. It may be that the same kind of creative process is somehow involved here as results in the survival of the unstressed rhymes in the other songs, faodaidh e bhith gu bheil an aon seòrsa obrach-cruthachaidh a’ sàs ann, rathad-eigin, ’s a tha ag adhbharachadh gun do mhair na comhardaidhean gun chudthrom anns na h-òrain eile. The time, place and conduct of meetings will ensure that all families have an equal opportunity to be involved in the running of the pre-school, nithear cinnteach a thoradh air àm, àite agus dòigh-chumail nan coinneamhan gu bheil cothrom co-ionann aig a h-uile teaghalch gus a bhith an sàs ann an ruith na ro-sgoile
2 (complicated) toinnte. It is because the matter is so involved that progress hasn’t been made yet, ’s e cho toinnte ’s a tha a’ chùis as coireach nach d’rinneadh adhartas fhathast
involved in prep phr 1 expressed with gabh pàirt an, vn gabhail m pàirt an. In talking offer a personal response to the experiences of those involved in the text, a’ freagairt ann an cainnt gu pearsanta fa chomhair na dh’fhiosraich iadsan a tha a’ gabhail pàirt anns an teacsa. The teacher should be involved in assisting with the selection of ideas, tha còir aig an tidsear a bhith a’ gabhail pàirt ann an cuideachadh le bhith a’ taghadh bhun-bheachdan
2 an sàs an. Offering a personal response to some of the more complex feelings or attitudes of those involved in the text, a’ gabhail gu pearsanta ris na faireachdainnean agus na barailean as ioma-fhillte acasan a tha an sàs anns an teacsa. By all those involved in the teaching of Gaelic, leis gach neach a tha an sàs ann an teagasg na Gàidhlig. While involved in making models, puppetry, etc., fhad ’s a tha iad an sàs a’ dèanamh mhodailean, ag obair le fir-fuadain agus mar sin. Forms of talk in which they are themselves involved, dòighean labhairt a bhitheas iad fhèin an sàs annta
3 a bhuineas do. It should cover the language of personal interaction, and language related to the topics and processes involved in school work, bu chòir cànain phearsanta eadar dhaoine a ghabhail a-staigh, cho math ri cànain a tha co-cheangailte ris na cuspairean agus na gnìomhan a bhuineas do dh’obair-sgoile
involvement n 1 expressed with gabh pàirt anns a’ chùis. It has much to do with the knowledge and experience of the listener, with motivation and involvement, tha e ann an dlùth dhàimh ri eòlas agus ri fiosrachadh an neach-èisteachd, ris mar a tha an neach sin air a ghluasad gu pàirt a ghabhail anns a’ chùis
2 expressed with a bhith an lùib. Through involvement in the discussion, le bhith an lùib a’ cho-bheachdachaidh
3 expressed with a bhith an sàs ann. Pupils will give a clear account of a personal experience with some sense of involvement, bidh a’ chlann a’ dèanamh cunntais gu soilleir air fiosrachadh pearsanta, le beag no mòr de mhothachadh air a bhith an sàs ann. Occasions when the teacher is encouraging involvement in listening to a text, amannan a bhitheas an tidsear a’ misneachadh na cloinne gu bhith an sàs ann an èisteachd ri teacsa
ion n ion m, pl ionan. Hydrogen ion, ion haidridsein
Iona pr n Ì; Eilean Idhe
ionosphere n ionasfear m, ionospeur
Iraq pr n an Iarac f, gen na h-Iarac
Iraqi pr n Iaracach m, gen & pl Iaracaich
Iraqi a Iaracach
Iran pr n an Iarain f, gen na h-Iarain
Iranian pr n 1 Iaraineach m, gen & pl Iarainich
2 (language = Persian) Iarainis f
Iranian a Iaraineach
Ireland pr n Èirinn f, gen na h-Èireann
iris n (eye) cearcall m na sùla
Irish pr n (language) 1 Gàidhlig f Èireannach, gen Gàidhlig Èireannaich
2 Gàidhlig f na h-Èireann
3 Gaeilge f
Irish pr n. The Irish, na h-Èireannaich
Irish a Èireannach
Irishman pr n Èireannach m, gen & pl Èireannaich
Irishwoman pr n ban-Èireannach f, gen & pl ban-Èireannaich
iron n iarann m, gen iarainn. The Iron Age, Linn an Iarainn. Iron filings, smùrach iarainn. Iron oxide, ocsaid iarainn
cast iron n phr iarann m leagh-dhealbhte, gen iarainn leagh-dhealbhte
iron working n phr obair-iarainn f, gen obrach-iarainn. Iron slag has been found in the ground here suggesting iron working took place in earlier times, chaidh sal-iarainn a lorg san talamh an seo, agus mar sin bidh e coltach gu robh obair-iarainn a’ dol air adhart an seo uaireigin roimhe
wrought iron n phr iarann m obraichte, gen iarainn obraichte
iron v tr
ironing-board n bòrd-iarnaigidh m, gen & pl bùird-iarnaigidh
ironic a ìoranta
ironically adv 1 gu h-ìoranta
2 ann an dòigh ìoranta. It has to be admitted that this was said ironically, feumar aideachadh gun deach seo a ràdh ann an dòigh ìoronta
irony n ìoranas m, gen ìoranais. This is a sarcastic song in which the bard makes considerable use of irony, ’s e òran-magaidh a tha seo anns a bheil am bard a’ dèanamh tomhas mòr de dh’fheum de dh’ìoranas
irregular a 1 neo-riaghailteach, comp neo-riaghailtiche. Irregular verb, gnìomhair neo-riaghailteach. Small stretches of irregular low stone walls can be seen, chithear earrannan goirid de ghàrraidhean-cloiche ìosal, neo-riaghailteach. The pattern of stresses is more irregular in Ross’ song, tha pàtran nan cudthroman nas neo-riaghailtiche ann an òran Rois
2 neo-chothromach. Irregular shapes, cumaidhean neo-chothromach
irrigate v tr 1 uisgich (talamh), vn uisgeachadh (talmhainn)
2 nigh le uisge, vn nighe le uisge. Irrigate the eyes thoroughly with water, nigh na sùilean gu math le uisge
irrigation n uisgeachadh m (talmhainn), gen uisgeachaidh
irritant n broth m. This chemical is a possible skin irritant, dh’fhaodadh a’ cheimige seo broth fhàgail air a’ chraiceann
irritate v tr
irritating a (medical) greannach
irritation n expressed with broth m
Islay pr n Ìle
Isle Martin pr n Eilean Mhàrtainn
isobar n 1 loidhne-bhrùthaidh f, loidhneachan-brùthaidh
• loidhne-theanntachd f, loidhneachan-teanntachd
2 isobar m, pl isobaran, isobars
isolate v tr
isolated a 1 expressed with fa leth. First with isolated words and phrases, anns a’ chiad àite le faclan agus abairtean fa leth
2 aonaranach, comp aonaranaich. We gave support to the parents who have children in Gaelic medium provision, who can often feel very isolated, thug sinn taic do na pàrantan aig a bheil clann ann am foghlam tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig, a bhitheas gu tric a’ faireachdainn glè aonaranach
3 lethoireach, comp lethoiriche. They lived in an isolated place, bha iad a’ fuireach ann an àite lethoireach
4 iomallach, comp iomallaiche
isolating a 1 sònrachaidh. Isolating valve, pìob-chòmhla shònrachaidh
2 (linguistics) ion-sònrachaidh. Isolating languages, cànain ion-sònrachaidh
isolation n expressed with ann an uaigneas, It will be essential that the pupil or pupils work with other classmates to avoid isolation, bidh e do-sheachnaichte gum bi am pàiste no na pàistean ag obair còmhla ri càch anns a’ chlas, eagal ’s gum bi iad ann an uaigneas
in isolation prep phr expressed with le fhèin agus air leth. These components are not assessed in isolation but within a unified context, chan eil na roinnean seo gam measadh leotha fhèin agus air leth, ach ann an suidheachadh aonaichte
isometric a iosaimeatrach. Isometric exercise, eacarsaich iosaimeatrach
isosceles a co-chasach. Isosceles triangle, triantan co-chasach
isotherm n loidhne-theothachd f, pl loidhneachan-teothachd
• loidhne-theas f, pl loidhneachan-teas
Israel pr n Iosrael f
Israeli pr n Iosralach m, gen & pl Iosralaich
issue n 1 cùis f, pl cùisean. Specific issues, cùisean sònraichte. Each of the following issues is given further attention in Part 3, tha an tuilleadh aire air a toirt ann am Pàirt 3 do gach cùis a leanas. Gaelic culture is a key issue, ’s e prìomh chùis a tha ann an dualchas na Gàidhlig. In responding to such issues, ann a bhith a’ dèiligeadh ri cùisean den t-seòrsa seo. A natural way of enhancing awareness of personal and social issues and concerns, dòigh nàdarrach air a bhith a’ cur am feobhas mothachadh air cùisean agus cùraman pearsanta agus sòisealta
2 puing f, pl puingean. To offer alternatives and raise issues, roghainnean a chur an cèill agus puingean a thogail. Giving them the chance to reflect on the issues, a’ toirt cothroim dhaibh a bhith a’ cnuasachadh air na puingean
3 nì m, pl nithean. Pupils should talk together about the issues within their common experience, tha còir aig cloinn a bhith a’ còmhradh còmhla mu na nithean a tha iad uile a’ fiosrachadh
issue n (of magazine, periodical) àireamh f, gen àireimh, pl àireamhan. They appear in this issue, tha iad a’ nochdadh anns an àireimh seo
issue v tr 1 cuir a-mach, vn cur m a-mach. Issued in June, air a chur a-mach sa An Òg Mhios. Which was issued, a chuireadh a-mach
2 foillsich, vn foillseachadh m. When the working paper was issued, nuair a dh’fhoillsicheadh am Pàipear Gnìomha
isthmus n tairbeart f, gen tairbeirt, pl tairbeartan
it pron 1 i/e
2 sin. Comments can be made on particular strands when the teacher judges it to be appropriate, faodar iomradh a dhèanamh air iallan àraidh an uair a bhitheas an tidsear den bheachd gu bheil sin iomchaidh
3 expressed with sinn. It cannot be assumed that children will have acquired the necessary skills by the time they enter P1, chan urrainn dhuinn a bhith cinnteach gum bi clann air na sgilean èiseil a thogail ron am a thig iad a-steach do P1
Italian pr n 1 Eadailteach m, gen & pl Eadailtich
2 (language) Eadailtis f
italic a eadailteach. Italic type, clò eadailteach
italics n pl clò m eadailteach
Italy pr n an Eadailt f, gen na h-Eadailt
item n 1 nì m, pl nithean. Listening activities will include items such as schools’ broadcast programmes, bidh gnìomhan èisteachd a’ gabhail a-staigh nithean mar tha prògraman craolaidh airson sgoiltean. To include functional items, gus nithean gnìomhachail a ghabhail a-staigh. By including more than one item, le bhith a’ toirt a-staigh còrr is aon nì. Miscellaneous items, measgachadh nithean. Through involving pupils in picking out items relevant to the topic, le bhith a’ toirt air a’ chloinn taghadh a dhèanamh air nithean a tha a’ freagairt air a’ chuspair
2 rud m, pl rudan. Next to each item on the shopping list write the price, ri taobh gach rud air an liosta-bhùtha sgrìobh a’ phrìs
3 (a) pìos m, pl pìosan. Newspaper items, pìosan o phàipearan-naidheachd. Short texts which contain more than one item of information, teacsaichean goirid anns a bheil còrr is aon phìos fiosrachaidh. Listen to texts which contain items of information, ag èisteachd ri teacsaichean anns a bheil pìosan de dh’fhiosrachadh
(b) pl also expressed with grunn phìosan. texts which contain items of straightforward information, teacsaichean anns a bheil grunn phìosan de dh’fhiosrachadh furasta
4 ball m, gen & pl buill. An item of clothing, ball-aodaich. An item of furniture, ball-àirneis
5 puing f, pl puingean. Directions conveying several items of information, stiùireadh a tha a’ cur an cèill àireamh phuingean fiosrachaidh
6 gnothach m, gen gnothaich, pl gnothaichean. Food items, gnothaichean bidhe. The graph shows that the shop sold 5000 food items, tha an graf a’ sealltainn gun do reic a’ bhùth 5000 gnothach bidhe
7 not directly expressed. a short, straightforward text which gives an item of information, instruction or direction, teacsa goirid furasta anns a bheil fiosrachadh, seòladh no stiùireadh. Pupils will begin to relay items of personal news to the teacher, bidh a’ chlann a’ tòiseachadh air naidheachdan pearsanta aithris don tidsear
news item n phr naidheachd f. A chapter from a novel or a single news item, caibideil a-mach à nobhail no aon naidheachd a-mhàin. News items, naidheachdan
its poss a 1 (a) (if masculine reference in Gaelic) a (leniting), ’ (before vowels)
(b) (if feminine reference in Gaelic) a (not leniting), a h- (before vowels)
2 (if masculine) aige
(b) (if feminine) aice
3 (before gerund in English) (a) (if masculine) expressed with pron e
(b) (a) (if feminine) expressed with pron i. He is preparing for its being a part of the university, tha e ag ullachadh airson i bhith na pàirt den oilthigh
ivy-leaved a (botany) eidheann-duilleagach. Ivy-leaved bellflower, flùr-cluigeanach eidheann-duilleagach
J
jagged a eagach, comp eagaich. Jagged peak, stùc eagach
jam n silidh m, pl silidhean
janitor n 1 dorsair m, pl dorsairean. To the janitor, don dorsair
2 neach-glèidhidh m sgoile, pl luchd-glèidhidh sgoile
January pr n am Faoilteach m, gen an Fhaoiltich
Japan pr n an t-Seapan f, gen na Seapan
Japanese pr n 1 Seapanach m, gen & pl Seapanaich
2 (language) Seapanais f
jar n crogan m, gen crogain, pl crogain, croganan. Tins, packets, bottles and jars, canastairean, pacaidean, botail agus crogain
jaundice n a’ bhuidheach f, gen na buidhiche
jaw n peirceall m, gen peircill, pl peirceallan
jealousy n 1 eud m
2 eudach m
jet n (aircraft) steall-phlèana f, pl steall-phlèanaichean
jewel n 1 seud m, gen seòid, pl seòid and seudan
2 (a) àilleag f, gen àilleig, pl àilleagan
(b) àilleagan m, gen & pl àilleagain
jeweller n seudaire m, pl seudairean
jewelry n seudraidh f. A mail-order catalog having a lot of rings and jewelry, catalog òrduigh-tron-phost anns an robh mòran fhàinneachan agus seudraidh
jib n sioba f, pl siobachan, or seibe f, pl seibeachan
job n obair f, gen obrach, pl obraichean. Part of her job is to visit families in the area, ’s e pàirt de h-obair a bhith a’ tadhal air teaghlaichean anns a’ cheàrnaidh aice. She needs a car for her job, feumaidh i càr airson a h-obrach. An opportunity to benefit from the expanding range of Gaelic related jobs, cothrom fhaighinn air na tha ann de dh’obraichean co-cheangailte ris a’ Ghàidhlig agus iad a’ sìor dhol am meud
She has a job with him sometimes, tha i a’ faighinn tàire leis uaireannan
job mod obrach. Job centre, ionad obrach. Job description, tuairisgeul obrach. Commitment to implementing the group’s Equal Opportunities Policy will form part of the job description for all workers, bithidh gealltanas a thaobh a bhith a’ cur an gnìomh Poileasaidh Co-ionannachd Chothroman na buidhne mar phàirt den tuairisgeul obrach a bhitheas aig gach neach-obrach
jobbing a expressed with car-oibre. A jobbing gardener, gàirnealair car-oibre. The bard was at that time a jobbing gardener, bha am bàrd aig an àm sin na ghàirnelair car-oibre
jocular a abhcaideach, comp abhcaidiche
jocularity n abhcaideachd f
jog v i
jogging n trotail f
join n alt m, gen uilt, pl uilt, altan
join v tr 1 ceangail, vn ceangal m
2 aonaich, vn aonachadh
3 thig a-steach do, vn tighinn a-steach do. Families joining the pre-school are fully aware of its equal opportunities policy, tha làn mhothachadh aig teaghlaichean a tha a’ tighinn a-steach don ro-sgoil air a’ phoileasaidh cho-ionannachd chothroman aice
4 gabh an prep, vn gabhail an. He joined the army, ghabh e san arm
join in v phr rach air, vn dol air. If one wishes to join in these workshops must one book? ma tha neach airson a dhol air na buidhnean-obrach a tha seo am feum neach bucadh?
joined a ceangailte
joint n 1 alt m, gen & pl uilt
2 (geography) beag-sgàineadh m, gen beag-sgàinidh, pl beag-sgàinidhean
joke n abhcaid f, pl abhcaidean
journal n leabhar-latha m, gen leabhair-latha
journalism n naidheachdas m, gen naidheachdais. Non-fiction itself includes journalism, works of history, astronomy, tha fìorsgeul fhèin a’ gabhail a-staigh naidheachdas, sgrìobhaidhean eachdraidh, reul-eòlas
journey n turas m, gen turais, pl tursan, turasan. What was the difference between Mary’s journey and John’s journey to their holidays? dè an t-eadar-dhealachadh a bha eadar turas Iain agus turas Màiri chon nan saor-làithean aca?
joy n 1 aighear m, gen aighir
2 aiteas m, gen aiteis
3 aoibhneas m, gen aoibhneis
joyful a 1 aighearach, comp aighearaich
2 (a) ait, comp aite
(b) aiteasach
3 aoibhneach, comp aoibhniche
joyfulness n aoibhneas m, gen aoibhneis
joy-stick n bobht-stiùiridh m, pl bobhtan-stiùiridh
judge n britheamh m, gen britheimh, pl britheamhan; also breitheamh m, gen breitheimh, pl breitheamhan
judge v tr 1 thoir breith, vn toirt breith
2 breithnich, vn breithneachadh m
3 bi den bheachd. Comments can be made on particular strands when the teacher judges it to be appropriate, faodar iomradh a dhèanamh air iallan àraidh an uair a bhitheas an tidsear den bheachd gu bheil sin iomchaidh
judgement n 1 beachd m, gen beachda, pl beachdan
2 breithneachadh m, gen breithneachaidh. The criteria are simply the grounds on which a judgement is going to be made about the pupil’s performance on a task, chan eil na comharraidhean ach dìreach airson breithneachadh a dhèanamh air mar a nì pàiste ann an gnìomh. The evidence collected by the teacher will be used in arriving at the professional judgements which will form the basis of the report to parents, cleachdar an dearbhadh a thèid a chruinneachadh leis an tidsear ann a bhith a’ tighinn chun a’ bhreithneachaidh phroifeiseanta a bhitheas na bhunait aig an aithris do phàrantan
3 breith f. Questioning should lead pupils to evaluate, infer and make judgements, tha còir aig ceasnachadh a’ chlann a stiùireadh gu bhith a’ measadh, a’ dèanamh fhoidheam agus a’ toirt breith
4 (court) binn f, gen binne
5 breitheanas m, gen breitheanais
juggle v tr
juggling n caisreabhachd
juggler n caisreabhaiche m, pl caisreabhaichean
juice n 1 sùgh m, gen sùigh and sùgha, pl sùghan
2 brìgh f
juicy a sùghmhor
jump v tr & i leum, vn leum m
jumping n leum m. Line jumping, leum sreatha
juncture n ceangal m, gen ceangail. Close juncture, dlùth cheangal. Open juncture, ceangal fosgailte
• ìre f cheangail
jungle n 1 dlùth-choille f, pl dlùth-choilltean
juniper (Juniperus communis) n aiteann m, gen aitinn. A juniper bush, preas aitinn
juniper berry n phr dearc-aitinn f, pl dearcan-aitinn
Jura pr n Diùra
just adv dìreach. It is essential to reduce recording to just what is needed and what is manageable, feumar air a h-uile cor clàradh a ghiorrachadh dìreach gu ìre na bheil riatanach agus na ghabhas a làimhseachadh
justification n fìreanachadh m, gen fìreanachaidh. part of the justification you had for this expensive conference, pàirt den fhìreanachadh a bha agaibh airson na co-labhairt cosgail a tha seo
justify v tr 1 dearbh, vn dearbhadh m. To offer and justify their own opinions, am beachdan fhèin a chur air adhart agus a dhearbhadh. Pupils will listen and respond to different points of view by accepting, justifying or challenging these, bidh a’ chlann ag èisteachd ri beachdan eadar-dhealaichte, agus gam freagairt, le bhith a’ gabhail riutha, gan dearbhadh no a’ cur nan aghaidh
2 còmhdaich, vn còmhdachadh m. To skim and scan to verify and justify decisions, gu bhith a’ grad-leughadh agus a’ leum-leughadh gus co-dhùnaidhean a dhearbhadh ’s a chòmhdachadh
K
kaleidoscope n cailèideascop f, pl cailèideascopan
kame n (geology) 1 cìrean m, gen cìrein, pl cìreanan
2 kame m, pl kames
3 cnoc-morghain m, gen & pl cnuic-mhorghain
keel n (of boat) druim m, gen droma, pl dromannan
keelson n (of boat) planc m eàirlig
keen a geur, comp gèire. With a keener awareness of the need to select what is significant, le mothachadh nas gèire gum feumar na tha cudthromach a thaghadh
keep v tr 1 cùm, vn cumail f
2 glèidh, vn gleidheadh m. The goods are kept in the store room, tha na gnothaichean air an glèidheadh anns an rùm stòraidh. An accident book must be maintained and kept with the first-aid box, feumar leabhar thubaistean a chumail agus a ghlèidheadh còmhla ris a’ bhocas-chiad-fhuasglaidh
keep pace with v phr dèan còrdadh ri, vn dèanamh còrdaidh ri. The syllabus of programmes should be designed to keep pace with their maturational level, bu chòir clàr-obrach nam prògraman a dheilbh gus còrdadh a dhèanamh ri an ìre fàis
kennel n taigh-chon m, pl taighean-chon
kerchief n brèid f, gen brèide, pl brèidean. And a small pocket in its back to hide scented kerchiefs, agus pòcaid bheag na chùlaibh airson brèidean cùbhraidh fhalach (song)
kernel n eitean m, gen eitein and eitne, pl eitnean
kernel mod eiteanach. Kernel sentence, seantans eiteanach
Kerrera pr n Cearrara
kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) n 1 clamhan-ruadh m, gen clamhain-ruaidh, pl clamhain-ruadha
2 speireag-ruadh m, gen speireig-ruaidhe, pl speireagan-ruadha
kettle n coire m, pl coireachan
kettle hole n phr (geography) toll-coire m, gen & pl tuill-choire. Kettle hole lake, lochan tuill-choire
key n 1 iuchair f, gen iuchrach, pl iuchraichean. The key of the door, iuchair an dorais. Look at the key to find out what each colour means, coimhead ris an iuchair airson faighinn a-mach dè a tha gach dath a’ ciallachadh
2 (calculator) putan m, gen putain, pl putanan
key mod 1 prìomh preceding n. Key features, prìomh chùisean. Gaelic culture is a key issue, ’s e prìomh chùis a tha ann an dualchas na Gàidhlig. To communicate key events, facts or ideas, gus prìomh thachartasan no fhiosrachadh no smuaintean a chur an cèill
2 cudthromach. A strand is a sequence of targets in a key aspect of skills, ’s e a tha ann an ‘iall’ ach sreath de chuimsean ann an earrainn chudthromaich air choireigin de sgilean
3 expressed with as cudthromaiche. In analysing a taped performance, the pupils will recognise key points in the discussion, ann a bhith a’ sgrùdadh na chaidh a chur air teip de an cuid bheachdachaidh aithnichidh a’ chlann na nithean as cudthromaiche
4 expressed with gu sònraichte. The key objectives of the Immersion phase are to:…, ’s e tha gu sònraichte fa-near don ùine Dhrùdhaidh:…
5 expressed with prìomh adhbhar. The key uses of the microcomputer for language development, na prìomh adhbhair a bhith a’ cleachdadh a’ mhion-choimpiutair airson leasachadh cànain
key ring n phr dul-iuchrach m, pl dulachan-iuchrach
2 fàinne-iuchrach f, pl fàinneachan-iuchrach
key word n phr cnag-fhacal m, gen & pl cnag-fhacail
keyboard n 1 clàr-iuchrach m, gen & pl clàir-iuchrach. They may perhaps use a keyboard to write, ’s dòcha gum bi iad a’ cleachdadh clàir-iuchrach airson sgrìobhaidh. The use of concept keyboards can also be of help, faodaidh cleachdadh chlàr-iuchrach bhun-smuain cuideachd a bhith feumail
2 meur-chlàr m, gen meur-chlàir, pl meur-chlàran
kick n breab m, gen breaba, pl breaban
kick v tr & i breab, vn breabadh m, breabail f
kicking n breabadh m, gen breabaidh. No hitting, kicking or spitting in the group, cha cheadaichear bualadh, breabadh no caitheamh smugaidean sa bhuidhinn
kid n (of goat) meann m, gen & pl minn
kidney n àra, àirne f, gen àrann, àrainn, àirne, pl àirnean
kiln n àth f, gen àtha and àthann, dat àth and àthainn, pl àthan and àthannan. The kiln went on fire, chaidh an àth na teine. The end of the kiln, ceann na h-àtha, ceann na h-àthann. . He went along to the kiln, chaidh e sìos chon na h-àthann At the kiln, aig an àth, aig an àthainn
kilo n cileo m
kilogram n cileagram m, gen cileagraim, pl cileagraman
kilometre n cilemeatair m, pl cilemeatairean
kind a bàidheil, comp bàidheile
kind n seòrsa m, pl seòrsachan. Writing of this kind, sgrìobhadh den t-seòrsa seo. The kinds of learning, na seòrsachan ionnsachaidh. Visual material of all kinds, stuth faicsinneach de gach seòrsa. Teachers can help pupils recognise how texts dealing with different kinds of knowledge differ, faodaidh tidsearan a’ chlann a chuideachadh gus a bhith ag aithneachadh mar tha teacsaichean mu chaochladh sheòrsachan eòlais eadar-dhealaichte o chèile
kindle v tr 1 beothaich, vn beothachadh m. I have kindled the fire, tha mi an dèidh an teine bheothachadh
2 fadaidh, vn fadadh m
3 las, vn lasadh m
kindler n (sticks) bioran m, gen biorain, pl bioranan
kindliness n bàidh f
kindly a bàidheil (to, ri)
kindness n 1 bàidh f, gen bàidhe
2 bàidhealachd f
kingdom n rìoghachd f, pl rìoghachdan
kingfisher n biorra-crùidein m, pl biorrachan-crùidein
kinsman n caraid m, pl càirdean
kinswoman n bana-charaid f, pl bana-chàirdean
Kintyre pr n Cinn-Tìre
Kiswahili pr n (language) Kiswahili f
kit n seata-acfhainn m. The equipment required for each activity is included in the kit, gheibhear an uidheamachd a dh’fheumar ma choinneamh gach gnìomha an cois an t-seata-acfhainn
kitchen n cidsin m, pl cidsinean
kitchen mod cidsin. There must be adequate kitchen facilities, feumaidh goireasan cidsin a dh’fhòghnas a bhith ann
kitchen n (Scots) annlan m, gen annlain
kite (toy) n 1 itealag f, gen itealaig, pl itealagan
2 sgait-adhair f, pl sgaitean-adhair
knapweed n
knapweed mod cnapain-duibh. Knapweed broomrape, mùchag chnapain-duibh
knead v tr taoisnich, vn taoisneachd f
knee n 1 glùn and glùin f, pl glùinean and glùintean
2 (piece in boat keeping the thwarts in place) ceannchnag f, gen ceannchnaig, pl ceannchnagan
kneecap n 1 failmean m, gen failmein, pl failmeanan
2 copan m na glùine, gen & pl copain na glùine
knight n ridire m, pl ridirean
knit v tr
knitting-needle n bior-fighe m, gen bior-fhighe, pl bioran-fighe
knock v tr
knock down v phr leag, vn leagail f. Someone was knocked down by a car here yesterday, chaidh duine a leagail le càr an seo an dè
knoll n 1 cnoc m, gen & pl cnuic
2 tom, gen tuim, pl tomannan
knot n snaidhm m, pl snaidhmeannan
running knot n phr lùb-ruithe f, gen lùib-ruithe, pl lùban-ruithe
know v 1 bi plus fios aig. The teacher should encourage them to say how they knew, bu chòir don tidsear am misneachadh gus innse ciamar a bha fhios aca. To identify what the recipient needs to know, gus aithne chur air na dh’fheumas an neach-amais fios a bhith aige air. It is important for the pupils to know what is to be learned, including the criteria for assessment. tha e cudthromach don chloinn fios a bhith aca air na tha ri ionnsachadh agus air na bun-chomharraidhean a tha an cois sin
2 is aithne do. Show that they know, understand and can use at least the following terms, a’ nochdadh gur aithne dhaibh, gun tuig iad agus gun cleachd iad co-dhiù na faclan a leanas. Pupils will be helped to consider the feelings of others they know, gheibh a’ chlann cuideachadh gu bhith a’ gabhail beachd air na faireachdainnean aig feadhainn eile as aithne dhaibh
3 cuir aithne air, vn cur aithne air. Media education should help pupils to know the nature and diversity of the mass media, bu chòir do dh’oideachadh anns na meadhain clann a chuideachadh gus aithne chur air nàdar agus ioma-fhillteachd nam mòr mheadhan
4 aithnich, vn aithneachadh m
know well v phr bi plus (glè) eòlach air. The map shows the area the children know well, tha am mapa a’ sealltainn na ceàrnaidh air a bheil a’ chlann (glè) eòlach
knowledge n 1 eòlas m, gen eòlais. Knowledge about language, eòlas air cànan. A knowledge of purposes improves Gaelic skills, tha sgilean na Gàidhlig air an cur am feobhas le eòlas air na h-adhbhair. Without explicit knowledge of rules and terminology, gun eòlas follaiseach air riaghailtean agus briathrachas. Link different kinds of skills, experiences, understanding and knowledge, a’ ceangal ri chèile caochladh sheòrsachan sgil, fiosrachaidh, tuigse agus eòlais
2 aithne f
3 mothachadh m. Pupils will acquire knowledge about language which will help them in their talking activities, bidh a’ chlann a’ faotainn mothachadh air cànain a bhitheas feumail dhaibh ann an gnìomhan labhairt
known a eòlach. In a group led by a known adult, ann am buidhinn fo iùil inbhich eòlaich
knuckle n 1 rùdan m, gen rùdain, pl rùdanan
2 cnùthan m, gen cnùthain, pl cnùthanan
Korea pr n Korea f, Corìa f
Korean pr n 1 Coirìanach m, gen & pl Coirìanaich
2 (language) Coirìanais
krypton n criopton m
Kurd n Coirdeach m, gen & pl Coirdich
Kurdish pr n (language) Coirdis f
Kurdish a Coirdeach
kyle n caol m, gen & pl caoil
L
label n bileag f, gen bileig, pl bileagan. From signs, labels and notices, o shoidhnichean, o bhileagan agus o shanasan
label v tr 1 ainmich, vn ainmeachadh m
2 comharraich, vn comharrachadh m. Staff will not label a child as naughty and will reward acceptable behaviour positively, cha bhi luchd-obrach a’ comharrachadh neach-cloinne mar mhì-mhodhail agus thèid deagh-ghiùlan a dhuaiseachadh gu deimhinneach
labial a lipeach
labialise v tr lipich, vn lipeachadh m
labialised a lipichte
labio-dental a lip-fhiaclach
laboratory n obair-lann m, gen obair-lainn, pl obair-lannan
Labour a Làborach. The Labour Party, am Pàrtaidh Làborach
lace n barrall m, gen barraill, pl barraillean
lack n 1 cion m. Lack of confidence in vocabulary, cion misnich a thaobh briathrachais. Difficulties in handwriting arising from lack of motor control, duilgheadasan ann an làmh-sgrìobhadh a tha mar thoradh air cion altachadh-buill
2 expressed with neg. The reason for poor voice production in talking is the pupil’s lack of clarity about what to say, ’s e as adhbhar do chion comas labhairt nach eil am pàiste soilleir mu dè their e. The lack of gables suggests the upper walls were formed of turf, chan eil tulachainnean air agus mar sin bidh e coltach gur ann de dh’fhàl a bha bràigh nam ballachan dèante
lacrimal a expressed with an deòir, or nan deur. Lacrimal glands, fàireagan an deòir
lactic a bainneach. Lactic acid, searbhag bhainneach
lad n balach m, gen & pl balaich. Lads and lasses, balaich agus caileagan
ladder n àradh m, gen araidh, pl àraidhean
laddie n balachan m, gen & pl balachain
lady n 1 bean-uasal f, gen mnà-uaisle, pl mnathan-uasal. Ladies and gentlemen! a mhnathan agus a dhaoine uaisle!
2 (wife of baronet or knight) baintighearna f, pl baintighearnan
Lady n 1 a’ Bhean-Uasal f, gen na Mnà-Uaisle, pl na Mnathan-Uasal
2 (wife of baronet or knight) a’ Bhaintighearna f, gen na Baintighearna, pl na Baintighearnan. Lady Mackenzie, a’ Bhaintighearna NicCoinnichl
lagoon n lagùn m, gen lagùin, pl lagùnan
lagoon v tr
lagooning n lagùnachadh m, gen lagùnachaidh
lair n garaidh m, pl garaidhean
lamb n uan m, gen & pl uain
lamb v i
lambing a expressed with do chaoraich a tha a’ breith. The small building is a lambing pen of later date, ’s e crò do chaoraich a bha a’ breith a tha anns an togalach bheag, a bhuineas do dh’àm nas fhadalaiche
lame a bacach, comp bacaiche
lame person pr n bacach m, gen & pl bacaich. The lame, na bacaich
lameness n bacaiche f
lament n 1 cumha m, pl cumhachan
2 tuireadh m, gen tuiridh, pl tuiridhean
lampoon n aoir f, gen aoire, pl aoirean
land n 1 talamh m, gen talmhainn f, pl talamhan. Fallow land, talamh bàn. The land is currently used for sheep, tha caoraich an-ceartuair gan cumail air an talamh. Because of the nature of the land less emphasis was given to growing crops, a thoradh air gnè na talmhainn cha robhar a’ cur uibhir a chudthrom air bàrr a bhith a’ fàs. Originally these walls would have been high enough to stop animals from straying, though they have now decayed back into the land, bhitheadh na gàrraidhean seo an toiseach àrd gu leòr airson stad a chur air beathaichean bho bhith a’ dol air seacharan, ged a tha iad a-nis air cnàmh air ais don talamh
2 fearann m, gen fearainn. The land was divided amongst the tenants into crofts, chaidh am fearann a roinn am measg nan teanantan na chroitean. Land distribution, riarachadh fearainn
3 dùthaich f, gen dùthcha, pl dùthchannan
4 àite m. Though the land may have been occupied from the times of the earliest human settlement, ged a dh’fhaodadh e bhith gu robh luchd-tuineachaidh bho na h-amannan a bu tràithe a’ gabhail còmhnaidh san àite
land mod 1 fearainn. Land distribution, riarachadh fearainn. Land mass, meall fearainn
2 air fearann. These dykes were major land boundaries, ’s e crìochan cudthromach air fearann a bha anns na gàrraidhean seo
arable land n phr talamh-àitich m, gen talmhainn-àitich f
land mass n phr meall m fearainn, gen & pl mill fhearainn
land v i 1 laigh, vn laighe m & f
2 thig sìos, vn tighinn sìos. The balloon landed in a farm, thàinig am balùn sìos air tuathanas
landing system (of plane) n phr uidheam-laighe m (plèana), gen uidheim-laighe, pl uidheaman-laighe
landform n cumadh-tìre m, gen cumaidh-thìre, pl cumaidhean-tìre
landlady n bean-loidsidh f, gen mnà-loidsidh, pl mnathan-loidsidh. This song was made to an extremely bad landlady in Inverness, chaidh an t-òran seo a dhèanamh air fìor-dhroch bhean-loidsidh ann an Inbhir Nis
landlord n 1 uachdaran m, gen & pl uachdarain
2 (of rented accomodation) fear-loidsidh m, gen & pl fir-loidsidh
landowner n uachdaran m fearainn, gen & pl uachdaran fearainn. Access to the trail is by arrangement with the landowner, thèidear air an t-slighe le cead bho uachdaran an fhearainn
landscape n 1 dealbh-tìre m & f, gen dealbh-tìre, deilbh-thìre, pl deilbh-thìre, dealbhan-tìre. The various elements that make up the landscape can be studied in detail, faodar na diofar eileamaidean a tha a’ dèanamh suas an dealbh-thìre a sgrùdadh gu mionaideach. Landscape gardening, gàrradaireachd dhealbh-tìre
2 cruth-tìre m, pl cruthan-tìre
3 dreach m tìre. The mediaeval landscape, dreach na tìre sna meadhan-aoisean. This small area shows a variety of evidence as to how the landscape has changed, chithear anns an àite bheag seo dearbhadh de dh’iomadh seòrsa air mar a tha dreach na tìre air atharrachadh
4 fearann m, gen fearainn. Following this trail will help you examine other areas to learn their landscape history, le bhith a’ leantainn na slighe seo cuidichidh i thu gu bhith a’ gabhail beachd air àiteachan eile agus ag ionnsachadh bhuapa mu eachdraidh an fhearainn.
landscape feature n phr feart m tìre, pl feartan tìre
landslide n 1 maoim-shlèibhe f, gen maoime-slèibhe, pl maoimean-slèibhe. Two villages were buried by a landslide, chaidh dà bhaile a thiodhlacadh ann am maoim-shlèibhe
2 maoim-thalmhainn f, gen maoime-talmhainn, pl maoimean-talmhainn
land-use n cleachdadh-fearainn m, gen cleachdaidh-fhearainn. Modern land-use, cleachdadh-fearainn an latha an diugh
land-use mod 1 cleachdaidh-fhearainn. A land-use map, mapa cleachdaidh-fhearainn
2 a thaobh cleachdaidh-fhearainn. Next to each one draw a square of the right land-use colour, ri taobh gach fear dèan ceàrnag leis an dath a tha freagarrach a thaobh cleachdaidh-fhearainn
lane n caol-shràid f, pl caol-shràidean
language n 1 cànain f, pl cànanan or cànainean, gen pl cànan. As texts become more demanding in language and structure, mar a bhitheas na teacsaichean a’ fàs na duilghe ann an cànain ’s ann an structar. As a member of a family of Celtic languages, mar bhall de theaghlach nan cànan Ceilteach. The values and knowledge which motivate cultures are deeply intertwined in their languages, tha na prìomh-bheachdan agus an t-eòlas a tha a’ gluasad dhualchasan a’ freumhachadh gu domhain nan cuid chànan. They will have a greater empathy with those whose languages and cultures are different, bidh am barrachd co-fhaireachdainn aca riuthasan aig a bheil cànanan agus dualchasan a tha eadar-dhealaichte
2 (linguistics, = “langue”) cànain f, pl cànainean
3 cainnt f, gen cainnte. No swearing or use of offensive language in the group, cha cheadaichear mionnan no cainnt a bheir oilbheum sa bhuidhinn. Learning to read is dependent upon the spoken language that pupils bring to school, tha ionnsachadh leughaidh an urra ris a’ chainnt-bheòil a tha a’ chlann a’ toirt leotha don sgoil. Frequent consolidation of new language, daingneachadh gu minig air cainnt ùir. When children will be given the opportunity to learn new language, an uair a bheirear cothrom don chloinn cainnt ùr a thogail
4 (linguistics, = “parole”) cainnt f, gen cainnte
5 briathrachas m, gen briathrachais. Occasions when the teacher is developing pupils’ familiarity with the language of listening/watching, amannan a bhitheas an tidsear a’ toirt gu buil eòlas na cloinne air briathrachas èisteachd/amhairc
6 expressed with obair f chànain. Use of procedures such as these may identify the need for additional support in language for the pupils concerned, faodaidh cleachdaidhean den t-seòrsa seo a chomharrachadh gu bheil a’ chlann air a bheilear a’ gabhail beachd a’ cur feum air taice a bharrachd ann an obair chànain
7 not expressed. To read familiar stories in simple language for pleasure or gist, stòiridhean sìmplidh, air a bheil iad eòlach, a leughadh airson toileachaidh no brìgh
language mod 1 cànain. Language registers, modhan cànain. From collaborative language tasks to group projects, bho obair cho-chuideachail cànain gu pròiseactan-buidhne. Some language attainment targets may be incapable of being fully realised, faodaidh e bhith nach gabh cuid de chuimsean cànain an coileanadh gu h-iomlan
2 a thaobh cànain. Practice in Gaelic medium schools varies, reflecting this range of language backgrounds, tha caochladh dhòighean a’ dol anns na sgoiltean Gàidhlig mar thoradh air na tha ann de sheòrsachan shuidhichidhean a thaobh cànain
3 mar chànain. Speakers and messages that employ a wide range of Gaelic language features, luchd-labhairt agus teachdairean a bhitheas a’ cleachdadh caochladh nithean a bhuineas don Ghàidhlig mar chànain
4 air cànain. These Programmes of Study are based on three overlapping phases in second language learning, tha na Clàran Oideachaidh seo air an stèidheachadh air trì fo-rèisean eadar-cheangailte ann an ionnsachadh air dàrna cànain
5 ann an cainnt. Pupils’ language performances will be facilitated by recording their own performances, bidh e na chuideachadh don chloinn, ann a bhith gan cur fhèin an cèill ann an cainnt, ma bhitheas na tha iad a’ labhairt air a chlàradh
bad language n phr droch cainnt f, gen droch cainnte
language family n phr teaghlach-cànain m, gen teaghlaich-chànain, pl teaghlaichean-cànain
language laboratory n phr cainnt-lann m, gen cainnt-lainn, pl cainnt-lannan
language name n phr ainm-cànain m, pl ainmean-cànain
language practice n phr cleachdadh-cainnte m, gen cleachdaidh-chainnte
language psychology n phr eòlas-inntinn cànain m, gen eòlais-inntinn cànain
outcome of language n phr toradh-cànain m, pl toraidhean-cànain. Many of the terms may also be applicable in other outcomes of language, faodaidh mòran de na briathran a bhith air an cleachdadh ann an toraidhean-cànain eile
lanolin n ola f clòimhe
Lapland pr n an Laplainn f, gen na Laplainn
Laplander pr n Laplannach m, gen & pl Laplannaich
Lapp pr n Laplannach m, gen & pl Laplannaich
Lapp, Lappish pr n (language) Laplannais f
Lapp, Lappish a Laplannach
lapwing n adharcan-luachrach m, gen & pl adharcain-luachrach
lard n blonag f, gen blonaig
large a mòr, comp motha. The bard makes use of a large number of English words, tha am bàrd a’ dèanamh feum de dh’àireamh mhòr de dh’fhaclan Beurla
large scale mod mòr-sgèile. Large scale map, mapa mòr-sgèile
largely adv expressed with gu h-àraidh. In largely urban areas, gu h-àraidh sna bailtean mòra
large-flowered a (botany) mòr-fhlùrach. Large-flowered butterwort, bodan-measgain mòr-fhlùrach
larger comp a 1 nas motha or as motha
2 expressed with mòr. It is very much easier for pupils to see what is required for such larger units of meaning, tha e cus nas fhasa do chloinn a thuigsinn dè tha riatanach airson aonadan-brìgh mòra den t-seòrsa seo
larva n larbha f, pl larbha
laser n leusair m, pl leusairean
laser mod leusair. Laser technology, teicneolas leusair
last a 1 mu dheireadh. The last person, an neach mu dheireadh
2 a chaidh seachad. The ice ages of the last 2 million years, linntean-eighe an 2 mhillean bliadhna a chaidh seachad
last adv air deireadh. She was first, I was in the middle, and he was last, bha ise an toiseach, bha mise sa mheadhan, agus bha esan air deireadh
at last adv phr mu dheireadh thall
last v i
lasting a buan, comp buaine
lastingness n buaine f
late a 1 (at night) anmoch, comp anmoiche
2 (for an appointed time) (a) fadalach, comp fadalaiche
(b) air dheireadh. I can’t stop, I’m late just now, cha stad mi, tha mi air dheireadh an-dràsta
later a comp 1 (a) nas fhadalaiche, as fhadalaiche. John arrived later than me, ràinig Iain na b’ fhadalaiche na mise. This later building has in turn been adapted for use as a small sheep pen, chaidh an togalach as fhadalaiche seo atharrachadh a-rithist gu bhith air a chleachdadh mar chrò beag do chaoraich
(b) expressed with de dh’àm nas fhadalaiche. Here may be seen a later rectangular house, chithear an seo taigh de dh’àm nas fhadalaiche
2 nas anmoiche, as anmoiche. John was out later than me, ràinig Iain a-muigh na b’ anmoiche na mise
3 expressed with nas fhaide, as fhaide plus gun. Difficulties experienced as a consequence of a later start in Gaelic, duilgheadasan a bhitheas acasan a bha na b’ fhaide gun tòiseachadh anns a’ Ghàidhlig
4 (a) expressed with as a dhèidh sin adv phr. They will continue to be applied at later levels, leanar air an cleachdadh aig na h-ìrean as a dhèidh sin. Later, the use of it will be extended, as a dhèidh sin faodar a leudachadh a-mach
(b) expressed with an dèidhe làimhe adv phr. A rectangular building with a later shieling hut built inside, togalach ceart-cheàrnach le bothan-àirigh air a thogail na bhroinn an dèidh làimhe
5 expressed with a tha a’ leantainn. Identified in later targets, a thàtar a’ comharrachadh anns na cuimsean a leanas
6 expressed with a nithear a-rithist. Exploring the images of Gaelic-speaking communities will provide a basis for later work, bidh rannsachadh air na h-ìomhaighean de choimhearsnachdan Gàidhlig na bhunait do dh’obair a nithear a-rithist
7 expressed with nas àirde, as àirde. And that they should also have the experiences identified in later targets, agus gum bi cothrom aca cuideachd air a bhith a’ fiosrachadh nan nithean a thàtar a’ comharrachadh ann an cuimsean nas àirde
latest a sup 1 as fhadalaiche. This is likely to be the latest building in the area, bidh e coltach gur e seo an togalach as fhadalaiche a tha san àite
2 as anmoiche
late adv 1 fadalach, gu fadalach, comp fadalaiche. They arrived late, ràinig iad fadalach, ràinig iad gu fadalach
2 anmoch, gu h-anmoch, comp anmoiche. They were out late, bha iad a-muigh anmoch
later adv comp 1 nas fhadalaiche, as fhadalaiche. These remains may date from about 1500 BC or later, bithidh e coltach gum buin na làraichean seo do dh’àm bho mu 1500 RC no nas fhadalaiche
2 nas anmoiche, as anmoiche
3 (a) expressed with nas fhaide air adhart, as fhaide air adhart. At later stages, aig ìrean nas fhaide air adhart. Within certain broad principles referred to later in this section, taobh a-staigh phrionnsabalan farsaing àraidh air a bheil iomradh nas fhaide air adhart anns an earrainn seo
(b) expressed with nas fhaide, as fhaide plus gun. For these pupils reading and writing will usually start later than for fluent speakers of Gaelic, bidh a’ chlann sin nas fhaide gun tòiseachadh air leughadh ’s air sgrìobhadh, anns a’ chumantas, na feadhainn a tha fileanta sa Ghàidhlig. The later the start the more intensive the programme, mar as fhaide a thàtar gun tòiseachadh ’s ann as dèine am prògram-obrach
4 (a) expressed with às a dhèidh sin. Later, the use of it will be extended, às a dhèidh sin faodar a leudachadh a-mach
(b) expressed with às dèidh làimhe. These moraines will have been the source of building stone for the later houses, ’s ann às na morainean seo a thigeadh a’ chlach den deach na taighean a thogail às dèidh làimhe
5 a-rithist. A variety of topics, many of which will be returned to in more depth later, caochladh chuspairean agus iad a’ dol a thilleadh gu mòran diubh sin ’s a’ dol nas doimhne annta a-rithist
of later date adv phr a bhuineas do dh’àm nas fhadalaiche. The small building is a lambing pen of later date, ’s e crò do chaoraich a bha a’ breith a tha anns an togalach bheag, a bhuineas do dh’àm nas fhadalaiche
later on adv phr a-rithist. I’ll come to see you later on, thig mi a choimhead ort a-rithist
latent a 1 falchaidh. There is a latent phase in the immersion process, tha ùine fhalchaidh an cois an drùdhaidh
2 expressed with ann ach am falach. By demanding skills which, though latent, are not yet immediately available, le bhith a’ sùileachadh sgilean nach gabh làmh a thoirt orra sa mhionaid, ged a tha iad ann ach am falach
lateral a taobhach. Lateral consonant, connrag thaobhach. Lateral moraine, morain thaobhach
lather n
Latin pr n Laideann f, gen Laidinne
latitude n domhan-leud m, gen domhan-leòid
laugh v i
laugh at v phr bi a’ magadh air. In which all feel free from fear of being criticised, laughed at or denigrated, anns am bi gach neach a’ faireachdainn saor o eagal gum bithear a’ cur sìos no a’ magadh air no ga chur suarach
launch n
launch mod. Launch pad, ionad-losgaidh m, gen ionaid-losgaidh, pl ionadan-losgaidh
launch v tr cuir air bhog, vn cur air bhog. We shall launch the boat, cuiridh sinn am bàta air bhog
launderette n taigh-nighe m, pl taighean-nighe. She collects the washing from the launderette, bidh i a’ togail na nigheadaireachd às an taigh-nighe
lava n làbha f
lavish a
lavishly adv gu cosgail
law n lagh m, gen lagha, pl laghannan
lay v tr (of bird) beir, vn breith f. If one hen lays about 250 eggs in a year, how many eggs would two hens lay in one year? ma bheireas aon chearc ann am bliadhna, co mheud ugh a bheireas dà chirc ann an aon bhliadhna? These eggs are laid by hens kept on poultry farms, tha na h-uighean seo air am breith le cearcan air an cumail air tuathanais chearc
lay out v phr cuir cruth air, vn cur cruth air. The teacher will take time to ensure that pupils lay out their writing in a neat form, cuiridh an tidsear ùine seachad a’ dèanamh cinnteach gu bheil a’ chlann a’ cur cruth air an cuid sgrìobhaidh ann an cumadh sgiobalta
layer n 1 breath f, gen breatha, pl breathan. The ozone layer, a’ bhreath òsoin. Active permafrost layer, breith bheò shìor-reothaidh The cross-section shows the layers of rock that lie under the mine, tha an tair-dhealbh a’ sealltainn nam breathan creige a tha na laighe fo thogalaichean na mèinne
2 sreath f, gen streatha, pl sreathan. The ozone layer, an t-sreath òsoin
3 filleadh m, gen fillidh, pl fillidhean. Active permafrost layer, filleadh beò sìor-reothaidh
layout n 1 dreach m. Giving attention to presentation and layout, le aire air sealladh agus dreach. Layout will be used in examining how the presentation of text can influence meaning, cleachdar dreach ann am beachdachadh air a’ bhuaidh a bhitheas aig mar a chuirear teacsa an cèill air brìgh. Teachers will demonstrate layout features, nochdaidh tidsearan nithean a bhuineas do dhreach
2 cumadh m, gen cumaidh, pl cumaidhean. To recognise differences in likely content from page layouts and other typographical devices, gus eadar-dhealachaidhean aithneachadh anns an t-susbaint a tha coltach o chumadh nan duilleag agus o innleachdan eile a bhuineas do chlò-bhualadh
3 cruth m, pl cruthan. The positive effects of careful layout and presentation, cho fìor fheumail ’s a tha cruth is foillseachadh cùramach, mac-meanmnach
4 dòigh-rian f, pl dòighean-rian. By using different fonts and layouts, le bhith a’ cleachdadh diofar chlòdhan ’s dhòighean-rian
lazulite n (mineralogy) lasulait f
leach v tr sgol, vn sgoladh m
leaching n sgoladh m, gen sgolaidh
leachate n uisge-sgolaidh f
lead (electricity) n uèir-threòrachaidh f, gen uèir-treòrachaidh, pl uèirichean-treòrachaidh
lead (metal) n luaidhe f
lead v tr 1 treòraich, vn treòrachadh m. In story, pupils should be led to expect that parts of it will be devoted to setting, anns an stòiridh, bu chòir a’ chlann a threòrachadh gu bhith a’ sùileachadh gum bi cuid dhith air a toirt do stèidheachadh. A stimulating means of leading pupils to explore and discuss meaning, meadhan brosnachaidh gus clann a threòrachadh gu bhith a’ rannsachadh brìgh ’s a’ beachdachadh air sin
2 stiùir, vn stiùireadh m. Teachers should lead pupils to give opinions, tha còir aig na tidsearan a bhith a’ stiùireadh na cloinne gu bhith a’ toirt bheachdan
3 expressed with thoir, vn toirt f. Pair and group discussions, leading to role-play and drama, beachdachadh, ’s e sin mar chàraidean agus ann am buidhnean, agus sin gan toirt gu riochdachadh agus dràma. Practice in sequencing and prediction with such texts will lead pupils to familiarity with their various structures, tro bhith a’ cur theacsaichean den t-seòrsa seo an òrdugh agus a’ fàisneachd mun deidhinn bidh a’ chlann air an toirt gu eòlas air gach seòrsa cumaidh a tha orra. A sheep path will be seen leading back to the gate, chithear ceum chaorach a bhitheas gad thoirt air ais chon a’ gheata
4 (a) expressed with rach air cheann. Pupils could be encouraged to undertake different roles, for example leading a group, dh’fhaoidte misneachadh a dhèanamh air a’ chloinn gus dleastanasan eadar-dhealaichte a ghabhail os làimh, m.e. a’ dol air cheann na buidhne
(b) expressed with air ceann. Discussion is likely to be led by the teacher, bidh e coltach gur e an tidsear a bhitheas air ceann gnothaich
lead life v phr expressed with caitheamh-beatha m aig. For some children they seem more “modern” and therefore more attractive than the lives they themselves lead, tha iad ann an sealladh cuid de chloinn nas “ùr-fhasanta” agus mar sin nas tarraingiche na an caitheamh-beatha aca fhèin
lead to v phr expressed with thig gu, vn tighinn gu. Identifying the genre of a text is a skill which leads to a better understanding of texts, ’s e sgil a tha ann a bhith a’ cur aithne air gnè teacsa a thig gu eòlas nas fheàrr air teacsaichean fhèin
led by prep phr expressed with fo iùil. In a group led by a known adult, ann am buidhinn fo iùil inbhich eòlaich
leader n 1 ceannard m, gen ceannaird, pl ceannardan. What happened to the leaders of the MacDonalds, na thachair do cheannardan nan Dòmhnallach. We shall take all reasonable measures to ensure the safety and well-being of all members and leaders of the group, gabhaidh sinn gach ceum reusanta gus dèanamh cinnteach à sàbhailteachd is deagh chor buill is ceannardan na buidhne gu lèir
2 co-òrdanaiche m, pl co-òrdanaichean. The teacher, as leader, sensitively extending pupils’ talk, an tidsear mar cho-òrdanaiche a’ leudachadh labhairt na cloinne ann an dòigh mhothachail
3 expressed with adhartach a. Britain is now one of the world leaders in this field, tha Breatainn a-nis air tè de na dùthchannan as adhartaiche san t-saoghal sa chùis seo
leaf n duilleag f, gen duilleige, pl duilleagan. Leaf of a book, duilleag leabhair
leaf-miner n (insect) mèinneadair-dhuilleag m, pl mèinneadairean dhuilleag
leaflet n bileag f, gen bileig, pl bileagan
league n lìog f, pl lìogan. The Scottish league, Lìog na h-Albann. The Premier League, a’ Phrìomh Lìog
leak n aoidean m, pl aoideanan
leak v i aoidean, vn aoidean m. These refuse tips were made in such a way that nothing would leak out of them, chaidh na h-òtraichean seo a dhèanamh air dhòigh ’s nach aoideanadh càil asta
leaky a aoideanach, comp aoideanaich
lean v tr & i expressed with ri taic. They sat leaning backwards, shuidh iad agus an druim air ais ri taic
leap-year n bliadhna-leum f, pl bliadhnachan-leum
learn v tr 1 ionnsaich, vn ionnsachadh m. Listeners have to learn to select relevant information, feumaidh luchd-èisteachd ionnsachadh mar a thaghas iad fiosrachadh brìoghmhor. They will learn to use audio or video recorders, bidh iad ag ionnsachadh mar a chleachdas iad innealan-clàraidh cluaise agus bhideo. They will learn to ask questions appropriately, ionnsaichidh iad ceistean a chur ann an dòigh iomchaidh. Learning to read accurately becomes increasingly important, tha a bhith ag ionnsachadh a bhith a’ leughadh gu dòigheil a’ sìor fhàs nas cudthromaiche. The main aim in learning Gaelic, am prìomh amas ann a bhith ag ionnsachadh na Gàidhlig. In learning to communicate, ann a bhith ag ionnsachadh conaltraidh
2 tog, vn togail. As pupils learn the skills of handwriting, mar a tha a’ chlann a’ togail sgilean làmh-sgrìobhaidh. When children will be given the opportunity to learn new language, an uair a bheirear cothrom don chloinn cainnt ùr a thogail. For children who may have difficulty in learning the skills of reading and writing, do chloinn a dh’fhaodas tàire bhith aca ann a bhith a’ togail sgilean leughaidh agus sgrìobhaidh. Learning a language will boost an awareness of language generally, bheir a bhith a’ togail cànain am barrachd mòr de mhothachadh air cànain anns an fharsaingeachd. The value of learning a second language is well attested, tha dearbhadh math againn air cho feumail ’s a tha e dàrna cànain a thogail. There is also a sense of purpose and structure since the creation of media products involves the children in learning skills, gheibh a’ chlann mothachadh cuideachd air adhbhar agus air structar, a chionn le bhith a’ cruthachadh adhbhair-mheadhain tha iad gan cur an greim ann a bhith a’ togail sgilean
3 expressed with tòisich. Pupils will learn to make rough notes as they listen, bidh a’ chlann a’ tòiseachadh air notaichean a dhèanamh fhad ’s a tha iad ag èisteachd
4 expressed with ionnsachadh m, gen ionnsachaidh. Pupils learn effectively when they are stimulated, tha deagh bhuaidh air ionnsachadh na cloinne an uair a tha iad air am brosnachadh. Learning to read is dependent upon the spoken language, tha ionnsachadh leughaidh an urra ris a’ chainnt-bheòil
5 not expressed. Pupils should learn to recognise some of the basic structures, bu chòir gun aithnicheadh a’ chlann cuid de na bun-structairean. They should learn to take some account of register, tha còir aca aire air choireigin a thoirt air gnè
learning n 1 ionnsachadh m, gen ionnsachaidh. To make learning a pleasurable experience, gus an t-ionnsachadh òg a dhèanamh na ionnsachadh bòidheach. For the learning and teaching of Gaelic, airson ionnsachadh agus teagasg na Gàidhlig. Listening has implications for speech development and learning generally, tha buaidh aig èisteachd air leasachadh cainnte agus air ionnsachadh anns an fharsaingeachd
2 expressed with ionnsaich, vn ionnsachadh m. Which will permit individual, group and class learning, a bheir cothrom dhaibh a bhith ag ionnsachadh mar aon, mar bhuidhinn agus mar chlas
3 expressed with na bheil … ag ionnsachadh. Achieving the targets in Gaelic will ensure that a pupil’s learning will be comprehensive and progressive, ’s ann le bhith a’ coileanadh nan cuimsean a nithear cinnteach gur ann ioma-chruthach agus adhartach a tha na bheil pàiste ag ionnsachadh
4 not expressed. They will involve pupils in learning to listen to others, bidh iad a’ cur na cloinne an sàs ann a bhith ag èisteachd ri feadhainn eile
learning mod 1 ionnsachaidh m gen. Specific learning difficulties, duilgheadasan ionnsachaidh sònraichte. Provision for differentiated learning needs, sochairean airson feuman ionnsachaidh eadar-dhealaichte. Somewhat less structured learning situations, suidhichidhean-ionnsachaidh stèidhichte nach eil buileach cho stèidhichte. No learning or teaching activity has these elements tidily separated, chan eil na h-earrainnean seo air an sgaradh gu rèidh ann an gnìomh ionnsachaidh no gnìomh teagaisg sam bith
2 airson ionnsachaidh, a thaobh ionnsachaidh. Teaching and learning approaches, dòighean freagarrach airson teagaisg agus ionnsachaidh. For those with specific learning difficulties, dhaibhsan aig a bheil duilgheadasan sònraichte a thaobh ionnsachaidh
learning difficulties n phr duilgheadasan ionnsachaidh. For pupils with learning difficulties, do chloinn le duilgheadasan-ionnsachaidh
learning support a phr expressed with taice. Co-operation between class teachers, learning support staff and specialist teachers will be essential, bidh co-oibreachadh eadar tidsearan-clas, tidsearan-taice agus tidsearan speisealtach fìor èiseil
learner n 1 neach-ionnsachaidh, pl luchd-ionnsachaidh. Gaelic learners’ education, foghlam luchd-ionnsachaidh na Gàidhlig. Either for gaelic medium or learners, an dàrna cuid airson meadhan na Gàidhlig no airson luchd-ionnsachaidh. Of using the process to meet their own needs as learners, a’ cleachdadh sin gus am feumalachdan fhèin mar luchd-ionnsachaidh a choileanadh
2 expressed with bi ag ionnsachadh. Pupils who are learners of Gaelic, clann a tha ag ionnsachadh na Gàidhlig. Give pupils increasing scope to become independent thinkers and learners, an tuilleadh ’s an tuilleadh cothroim a thoirt don chloinn gus a bhith a’ smaoineachadh agus ag ionnsachadh air an ceann fhèin
3 expressed with ann an ionnsachadh. A pupil’s progress as a learner of gaelic, adhartas pàiste ann an ionnsachadh na Gàidhlig
least a comp 1 as lugha
2 (botany) as lugha. Least soft brome, bròmas bog as lugha
at least adv 1 co-dhiù. Show that they know, understand and can use at least the following terms, a’ nochdadh gur aithne dhaibh, gun tuig iad agus gun cleachd iad co-dhiù na faclan a leanas. These syllables usually do not rhyme, but sometimes two or three of them at least assonate, mar as trice chan eil na lidean seo a’ dèanamh comhardaidh ann, ach uaireannan tha a dhà no a thrì dhiubh a’ dèanamh amais co-dhiù
2 air a’ char as lugha. Show that they can use at least the following terms, a’ nochdadh gun cuir iad gu feum, air a’ char as lugha, na faclan a leanas
not least adv 1 gu h-àraidh. Not least to develop critical faculties and powers of discrimination, gu h-àraidh gus buadhan breithneachaidh a thoirt air adhart
2 agus gu h-àraidh. The advantages of bilingualism should have an important place in teaching and learning, not least for the acquisition of yet more languages, bu chòir àite cudthromach a bhith aig na buannachdan a tha an cois dà-chànanais ann an teagasg ’s ann an ionnsachadh — agus gu h-àraidh gus an tuilleadh ’s am barrachd chànan a thogail
leave n (holiday) fòrladh m, gen fòrlaidh
leave v tr 1 fàg, vn fàgail f
2 expressed with faigh cothrom. Groups and individuals should be left to their own initiative, bu chòir buidhnean no pàistean fa leth cothrom fhaighinn a bhith air an ceann fhèin
ledge n 1 sgeilp f, gen sgeilpe, pl sgeilpean, sgeilpeachan
2 palla m, pl pallachan
3 leac f, gen lice, pl leacan
left n taobh m clì, gen taoibh chlì. Was the wind blowing Mary to the left or the right of the area? an robh a’ ghaoth a’ sèideadh Màiri gu taobh clì no deas na ceàrnaidh?
left a clì
left adv chon an taoibh chlì. Turn left at the school, tionndaidh chon an taoibh chlì aig an sgoil. When she leaves her house does she turn left or right? nuair a dh’fhàgas i an taigh an tionndaidh i chon an taoibh chlì no dheis?
left-to-right a phr o chlì gu deas. To develop skills of left-to-right eye movement, gus sgilean gluasad sùla o chlì gu deas a thoirt air adhart
legal a laghail. Legal documents, sgrìobhainnean laghail
legal aid n phr taic f laghail, gen taice laghail. The family are getting legal aid to sue the government, tha an teaghlach a’ faighinn taic laghail airson an riaghaltas a thoirt gu lagh
legend n 1 uirsgeul m, gen uirsgeil, pl uirsgeulan. Stories, songs and legends, sgeulachdan, òrain is uirsgeulan
2 faoinsgeul m, gen faoinsgeil, pl faoinsgeulan; also fionn-sgeul m, gen fionn-sgeil, pl fionn-sgeulan
3 expressed with sgeulachdan f pl. Gaelic legend, sgeulachdan na Gaidhealtachd
legible a 1 so-leughte
2 expressed with a tha furasta a leughadh. Employ a fluent, legible style of handwriting, a’ cleachdadh stoidhle làmh-sgrìobhaidh a tha siùbhlach agus furasta a leughadh. In a neat legible form, ann an cumadh sgiobalta a tha furasda a leughadh
legibly adv 1 expressed with gus gun leughar. Form letters and space words legibly, a’ cumadh litrichean agus a’ cur a-mach fhaclan gus gun leughar iad
2 le làmh-sgrìobhadh a tha dòigheil, cothromach. Writing fluently and legibly, a bhith a’ sgrìobhadh gu fileanta, le làmh-sgrìobhadh a tha dòigheil cothromach
legislation n 1 lagh m, gen lagha. In the short term, legislation for Gaelic education should be improved, anns a’ gheàrr-aimsir, bu chòir gum bitheadh an lagh a thaobh foghlaim Ghàidhlig air a leasachadh
2 cruth m lagha. The details of the legislation should be worked out by a Scottish body similar to the Welsh Language Board, bu chòir gum bitheadh cruth an lagha air obrachadh a-mach gu mionaideach le buidhinn Albannaich coltach ri Bòrd a’ Chànain Chuimris
3 expressed with cruthaich lagh, vn cruthachadh lagha. The Welsh Language Act should serve as a model for Scottish legislation, bu chòir do dh’Achd a’ Chànain Chuimris a bhith na modail airson lagh a chruthachadh ann an Alba
leisure n 1 cur-seachadan m pl
2 athais f
leisure mod cur-seachad. Leisure facilities, goireasan cur-seachad
lend v tr thoir iasad, vn toirt iasaid
length n. 1 faid f. Sentences of different length, seantansan de dh’fhaid eadar-dhealaichte. Teachers should provide straightforward fiction of manageable length and style, tha còir aig tidsearan ficsean sìmplidh fhaotainn daibh a bhitheas nan comas a chleachdadh a thaobh faid agus stoidhle. Line length, faid sreatha. Effects of verse length can also be explored, faodar buaidh faid rannan a rannsachadh cuideachd
2 expressed with fada a. No matter its length, complexity or the component in which it appears, ge b’e air bith dè cho fada no cho toinnte ’s a bhitheas e no dè an earrann anns a bheil e a’ nochdadh
lenite v tr sèimhich, vn sèimheachadh m
lenited a sèimhichte
lenition n sèimheachadh m, gen sèimheachaidh. The preposition “dha” does not cause lention in this dialect, chan eil an roimhear “dha” a’ dèanamh sèimheachaidh anns an dualchainnt seo
lens n lionsa f, pl lionsaichean
lentil n 1 leantail f, pl leantailean
2 pl peasair f nan luch
less adv 1 expressed with nas lugha, as lugha. As the pupils’ reading becomes less supported by illustrations, mar a bhitheas leughadh na cloinne a’ faighinn nas lugha de thaice o dhealbhan. Pupils begin to be much less dependent on adult help, bidh a’ chlann a’ tòiseachadh air a bhith cus nas lugha an urra ri cuideachadh o inbhich. As pupils read stories less supported by illustrations, mar a bhitheas a’ chlann a’ leughadh stòiridhean as lugha taice o dhealbhan
2 expressed with neg plus cho, or buileach cho. Spell less frequently used words, a’ litreachadh fhaclan nach eilear a’ cleachdadh cho tric. Teacher support will be less evident, cha bhi taice tidseir cho follaiseach. To predict the nature of a text from less visual markers, fàisneachd a dhèanamh mu nàdar an teacsa o chomharraidhean nach eil cho faicsinneach don t-sùil. With a gradual movement from structured to somewhat less structured learning situations, a’ gluasad mean air mhean bho shuidhichidhean-ionnsachaidh stèidhichte gu feadhainn nach eil buileach cho stèidhichte. The language programme may take the form of a less structured topic-based approach, faodaidh am prògram cànain a bhith ann an riochd modh nach eil buileach cho stèidhichte ach air a shuidheachadh air cuspairean
3 expressed with neg plus cho mòr. They will be less dependent on adult prompting, cha bhi iad cho mòr an urra ri coiteachadh o inbhich
4 expressed with neg plus ro. Pupils will talk to less familiar audiences, bidh a’ chlann a’ labhairt ri luchd-amais nach eil iad ro eòlach orra
5 expressed with neg plus uibhir. Because of the nature of the land less emphasis was given to growing crops, a thoradh air gnè na talmhainn cha robhar a’ cur uibhir a chudthrom air bàrr a bhith a’ fàs
lesser a (botany) beag. Lesser bladderwort, lus nam balgan beag
let v tr 1 leig le, vn leigeil le. Such activities may also provide opportunities to explore texts by letting them interact with characters’ dilemmas and situations, tha iomairtean den t-seòrsa seo cuideachd a’ toirt cothroim a bhith a’ rannsachadh theacsaichean le bhith a’ leigeil leotha a dhol an lùib duilgheadasan agus suidhichidhean nam pearsachan
2 thoir cothrom do, vn toirt cothroim do. Using computers will let all pupils explore some of the newer media, bheir cleachdadh choimpiutairean cothrom don chloinn air fad rannsachadh a dhèanamh air cuid de na meadhain as ùire. Adventure games let pupils explore situations, tha geamannan dùbhlain a’ toirt cothroim do chloinn a bhith a’ rannsachadh shuidhichidhean. It can also let them deal with the development of ideas, faodaidh e cothrom a thoirt dhaibh a bhith a’ cur an smuaintean ri chèile
let off v phr (emit intestinal gas) bi a’ fathrachadh; dèan fathrachadh m, vn dèanamh fathrachaidh
letting off n phr fathrachadh m, gen fathrachaidh. It wasn’t a fart, it was merely letting off, cha b’ e bram a bh’ ann, ’s e dìreach fathrachadh a bh’ ann
letter n litir f, gen litreach, pl litrichean. Some may have started to recognise single words and even letters, bidh cuid, ’s dòcha, a bhitheas air tòiseachadh air faclan fa leth aithneachadh, agus eadhan litrichean. Appropriate forms might include letters or reports of events, dh’fhaodadh litrichean no iomraidhean air nithean a thachair a bhith am measg nan seòrsachan iomchaidh
letter mod litrichean. Pupils will be introduced systematically to letter formation, cuirear a’ chlann ann an dòigh riaghailteach an greim ann a bhith a’ cumadh litrichean
capital letter n phr 1 ceann-litir f, gen ceann-litreach, pl ceann-litrichean. In large capital letters, ann an ceann-litrichean mòra
2 litir f mhòr, gen litreach mòire, pl litrichean mòra. Use capital letters and full stops correctly, a’ cleachdadh litrichean mòra agus puingean stad gu dòigheil. Pupils will learn that capitals and full stops make the meaning clear to readers, bidh a’ chlann ag ionnsachadh gu bheil litrichean mòra agus puingean stad a’ soilleireachadh brìgh do luchd-leughaidh
lower-case (letter) n, n phr litir f cèise bige, gen litreach cèise bige, pl litrichean cèise bige
small letter n phr litir f bheag, gen litreach bige, pl litrichean beaga
letter v tr
lettered a leis na litrichean. There are seven columns of squares lettered A to G, tha seachd colbhan de cheàrnagan leis na litrichean A gu G
letter-box n bogsa-litrichean m, pl bogsaichean-litrichean; or bocas-litrichean, gen & pl bocais-litrichean
lettuce n leiteas m, gen leiteis, pl leiteasan
levee n levee f, pl levees
• leabhaidh m, pl leabhaidhean
level n 1 ìre. Level E, Ìre E. School level. ìre sgoile. statements of minimum competency or attainment targets, at five broad levels of development, iomraidhean air comasan aig a’ char as lugha, no cuimsean coileanaidh, agus iad sin aig còig ìrean farsaing de dh’adhartas. Opportunities for differentiation by text, task and level of support, cothrom gus eadar-dhealachadh a dhèanamh le teacsa, le gnìomh agus le ìre taice. The teacher will be able to assess a pupil’s level of response, thèid aig an tidsear air ìre freagairt gach pàiste a mheasadh. Pupils are expected to attain an appropriate level of spelling, thàtar a’ sùileachadh gum bi a’ chlann ag amas air ìre iomchaidh litreachaidh. At a simple level, there are broad genres, aig ìre gu math sìmplidh tha seòrsachan farsaing ann de ghnè
2 inbhe f, pl inbhean. Mackenzie here reaches a level of ornamentation in his verse that demonstrates to us how high in his artistry it is possible for a bard that is not of the first degree to go when he is working in a firm tradition, tha MacCoinnich an seo a’ ruighinn inbhe de sgeadachadh na bhàrdachd a sheallas dhuinn cho àrd na ealantas ’s a tha e an comas do bhàrd nach eil den chiad ìre a dhol, agus e ag obair ann an dualchas daingeann
3 (a) àirde f
(b) leibheil f, gen & pl leibheil. Altitude above sea-level, àirde os cionn leibheil na mara. Spirit level, leibheil spioraid
below a desirable level prep phr expressed with neg plus cho math ’s bu mhiann leinn.. Currently available resources for delivery of some areas of the curriculum are generally acknowledged to be below a desirable level, thàtar gu coitcheann ag aideachadh nach eil na tha ri fhaotainn an-ceartuair de ghoireasan airson cuid de raointean a’ chlàir-theagaisg a thoirt gu buil cho math ’s bu mhiann leinn
lever n 1 luamhan m, gen luamhain, pl luamhanan
2 geimhleag f, gen geimhleig, pl geimhleagan
Lewis pr n Leòdhas; Eilean Leòdhais
Lewissian a Leòdhasach. The oldest rocks in Britain are the structurally complex Lewisian gneiss, ’s iad na creagan as sine ann am Breatainn an gneiss Leòdhasach, aig a bheil structar iom-fhillte
lexeme n leicseim m, pl leicseimean
lexical a faclaireil
lexicographer n faclairiche m, pl faclairichean
lexicography n faclaireachd f
lexicon n faclair m, pl faclairean
liable a buailteach (to, do)
liaison n 1 ceangail m pl, gen pl cheangal. Liaison with educational bodies, ceangail ri buidhnean foghlaim. The recommended policy is to encourage close liaison with health visitors, ’s e am poileasaidh a thathar a’ moladh a bhith ag àrach dlùth cheangail ri luchd-tadhail slàinte
2 ceangal m ri, gen & pl ceangail ri. School liaison will be a priority, cuirear mòr-chudthrom air ceangail ri sgoiltean
libel n tuaileas m, gen tuaileis, pl tuaileasan
Liberal pr n Liberalach m, gen & pl Liberalaich
Liberal a Liberalach. The Liberal Party, am Pàrtaidh Liberalach
Liberal Democrat pr n Liberalach m Deamocratach, gen & pl Liberalaich Dheamocratach
Liberal Democratic a Liberalach Deamocratach. The Liberal Democratic Party, am Pàrtaidh Liberalach Deamocratach
library n leabharlann f, gen leabharlainn, pl leabharlannan. Class library, leabharlann a’ chlas. Writing and reading can be supported by a school library, faodar taice thoirt do sgrìobhadh agus do leughadh le leabharlann sgoile. It is essential that libraries are well-stocked, feumaidh leabharlannan a bhith air an deagh uidheamachadh
lice n pl, see sv louse n
license n cead m, pl ceadan
2 ceadachas m, gen ceadachais, pl ceadachais, ceadachasan. He holds a license for it, tha ceadachas aige dha
license v tr 1 ùghdaraich, vn ùghdarachadh m
2 ceadaich, vn ceadachadh m
licensed a 1 ùghdaraichte
2 ceadaichte
licensing a ceadachaidh. Licensing board, Bòrd Ceadachaidh
lichen n (particularly Parmelia saxatilis, commonly used for dyeing) crotal m, gen crotail
liar n breugaire m, pl breugairean
lie n breug f, gen brèige, pl breugan
lie v i 1 laigh, vn laighe m & f
2 expressed with bi. In this lies the beginning of drama, seo far a bheil fìor thùs dràma
3 expressed with bi suidhichte. The majority of the roundhouses lie outside the trail, tha a’ mhòrchuid de na taighean-cruinne suidhichte taobh a-muigh na slighe
lying a suidhichte. Lying to the east of the turf walls are the remains of a round house, suidhichte an ear air na gàrraidhean-fàil tha an làrach aig taigh cruinn ann
lie v i 1 innis breug, vn innse brèige; also innis breugan, vn innse bhreug
2 dèan breug, vn dèanamh brèige; also dèan breugan, vn dèanamh bhreug
lying a breugach
life n 1 beatha f. All your life, fad do bheatha. But they should always be relevant to children’s own lives and experiences, ach tha còir aca daonnan a bhith a tighinn a-rèir beatha agus fiosraichidhean na cloinne fhèin. From writing about events drawn from their day-to-day lives, o bhith a’ sgrìobhadh mu thachartasan a tha iad a’ toirt às am beatha làitheil fhèin. The significance of the culture for pupils own lives, a’ bhuaidh a tha aig an dualchas air beatha na cloinne fhèin
2 dòigh-bheatha f. Scottish life and heritage, dòigh-bheatha agus dualchas na h-Alba
3 caitheamh-beatha m. Activities which relate to the pupil’s own life and environment, gnìomhan a bhuineas do chaitheamh-beatha agus do dh’àrainneachd a’ phàiste. Social situations which are not part of their own lives, suidhichidhean sòisealta nach buin do an caitheamh-beatha fhèin. The experiences they share with others whose lives are distant from their own, nithean a tha iad fhèin agus feadhainn eile a’ fiosrachadh le chèile — ged a tha an caitheamh-beatha fada bhuapa fhèin
4 beatha f dhaoine. A basis for later work on how representations define and limit real lives and real communities, bunait do dh’obair a nithear a-rithist air mar a tha dòighean-riochdachaidh a’ seulachadh beatha dhaoine agus choimhearsnachdan a tha ann an da-rìreabh, agus a’ cur chrìochan umpa
life cycle n phr 1 cearcall-beatha m, gen & pl cearcaill-bheatha. A description of the life cycle of a butterfly, iomradh air cearcall-beatha dealain-dè
2 cuairt-bheatha f, pl cuairtean-beatha. The life cycle of the butterfly, cuairt-bheatha an dealan-dè
life expectancy n phr 1 dùil-aoise f, pl dùilean-aoise
2 expressed with aois f ris am bitheadh dùil. They have differing life expectancies, tha dùil aca ri diofar aoisean a ruighinn
life jacket n phr seacaid-theasairginn f, pl seacaidean-teasairginn
short life n phr 1 beatha f ghoirid
2 neg plus bi buan. He had a short life, cha robh e buan
3 neg plus mair fada. Turf walled buildings had a short life, cha mhaireadh togalaichean le ballachan-fàil fada
lifeboat n 1 bàta-teasairginn, bàta-teasraiginn m, pl bàtaichean-teasairginn, bàtaichean-teasraiginn
2 bàta-sàbhalaidh m, pl bàtaichean-sàbhalaidh
lifeguard n neach-teasairginn m, pl luchd-teasairginn. A lifeguard must be in attendance at all times, feumaidh neach-teasairginn a bhith an làthair daonnan
life-raft n ràth-sàbhalaidh, gen ràth-shàbhalaidh, pl ràthan-sàbhalaidh
life-support a taic-bheatha. Life-support system, siostam taic-bheatha
lifetime n
during your lifetime adv phr ri do bheò
within the lifetime of prep phr expressed with ro dheireadh (plus gen). The candidate has pledged her total support to ensure secure status for the Gaelic language within the lifetime of the next parliament, tha an tagraiche air a làn thaic a ghealltainn gus dèanamh cinnteach gum faigh an cànan Gàidhlig inbhe thèarainte ro dheireadh na h-ath phàrlamaid
lift n (elevator) àrdaichear m, gen àrdaicheir, pl àrdaichearan. The miners are lowered down the shaft in a lift, thèid na mèinneadairean a leigeil sìos an toll ann an àrdaichear
lift cage n phr cèidse f àrdaicheir, pl cèidsichean àrdaicheir
ligament n ceangalachan m, gen & pl ceangalachain
light n solas m, gen & pl solais
in the light of prep phr (ann) an lorg. In the light of the rationale, ann an lorg na Feallsanachd. In the light of an overall school policy, an lorg poileasaidh-sgoile san fharsaingeachd
light a aotrom, comp aotruime. Light industry, gnìomhachas aotrom
light v tr
lighting n solas m. Lighting, and camera positions, solas, agus suidhichidhean camara
lighten v tr aotromaich, vn aotromachadh m
lightness n aotromachd f
lightning n dealanach m, gen & pl dealanaich
lignit n lignit f
• liognait f
like n
likes n pl expressed with is toil le. Understand statements about likes/dislikes, ceistean a thuigsinn mu rudan as/nach toil le neach
2 expressed with is caomh le. Tell us about your childs likes and dislikes, innis dhuinn mu na rudan as caomh agus nach caomh led leanabh
like a 1 (a) mar
(b) mar a tha or mar tha. By asking for too much evidence of it in a component like writing, le bhith a’ sùileachadh cus dearbhaidh air ann an earrainn-obrach mar a tha sgrìobhadh. Some of the easier poems of writers like Iain Crichton Smith, cuid de na dàin as fhasa aig sgrìobhaichean mar tha Iain Crichton Mac a’ Ghobhainn
2 coltach ri. The weather record shows what the weather was like each day, tha an clàr sìde a’ sealltainn cò ris a bha an t-sìde coltach gach latha
like v tr expressed with còrd ri, vn còrdadh ri. Why does John not like the rain? carson nach eiol an t-uisge a’ còrdadh ri Iain? Write down three types of weather and the reasons why people like or dislike them, sgrìobh sìos trì seòrsaichean sìde agus na h-adhbharan airson gun còrd no nach còrd iad ri daoine
likely a 1 (a) coltach, comp coltaiche. Discussion is likely to be led by the teacher, bidh e coltach gur e an tidsear a bhitheas air ceann gnothaich. They will retain strong rhythms which no prose text is likely to possess, bi ruitheam làidir annta fhathast nach bi e coltach a bhith aig teacsa sam bith ann an rosg
(b) a tha coltach. To recognise differences in likely content from titles and covers, gus eadar-dhealachaidhean aithneachadh anns an t-susbaint a tha coltach o thiotalan agus o chòmhdaichean
(c) expressed with coltas m, gen coltais. Teachers will offer knowledge about language when it is likely to help pupils improve their performance, Bithidh tidsearan a’ tairgse eòlais air cànain an uair a tha coltas ann gun cuidich sin a’ chlann gus an cleachdadh air cànain a chur am feobhas
(d) expressed with a h-uile coltas m. It is likely that …, tha a h-uile coltas gu …. It is likely that they will make more rapid progress, bidh a h-uile coltas gun tig piseach nas luaithe orra. There is likely to be a clear set of criteria for assessment, bidh a h-uile coltas gum bi àireamh shoilleir ann de thomhaisean measaidh
(e) expressed with coltas m air. They should consider whether the text is likely to challenge, tha còir aca beachdachadh air co-dhiùbh a tha an teacsa agus coltas air gun toir e dùbhlan
2 (a) dualtach, comp dualtaiche. In questioning how information is likely to be organised, ann a bhith a’ ceasnachadh an rian a tha dualtach a bhith air fiosrachadh
(b) a tha dualtach. Once pupils anticipate the likely nature of the content of text, aon uair ’s gum bi dùil aig a’ chloinn ris an nàdar susbaint a tha dualtach a bhith anns an teacsa
3 (a) expressed with dùil ri. Pupils will listen to messages or narratives in order to predict at various stages likely outcomes, bidh a’ chlann ag èisteachd ri teachdaireachdan no ri cunntasan gus fàisneachd a dhèanamh air na bhitheas dùil ris mar thoradh orra aig ìrean eadar-dhealaichte. What forms is assessment likely to take? dè na modhan measaidh ris am bi dùil?
(b) expressed with bi plus dùil gu. It is likely that such pupils will demonstrate some or all of the following characteristics, bidh dùil gun nochd a leithid seo de chloinn cuid de na comasan a leanas, no a h-uile gin diubh
(c) expressed with bi plus dùil againn. Detailed assessment criteria for all the specific language tasks that pupils are likely to undertake, comharraidhean-measaidh mionaideach air gach aona ghnìomh cànain a bhitheas dùil againn a ghabhas a’ chlann os làimh
4 buailteach (to, do)
5 expressed with is dòcha. This building is more rectangular in shape and therefore likely to be more recent, tha an togalach seo air chumadh nas ceart-cheàrnaiche agus mar sin is dòcha gum buin e do dh’àm nas fhaisg oirnn
likeness n aogas m, gen aogais, pl aogaisean
likewise adv cuideachd. Likewise, they can deal with real-life situations, thèid aca cuideachd air dèiligeadh ris na suidhichidhean anns an t-saoghal againn fhèin
lilac a 1 liath-ghorm, comp liath-ghuirme
2 liath, comp lèithe
limb n ball m, gen & pl buill
lime n aol m, gen aoil
lime v tr aolaich, vn aolachadh m
limerick n luimneach f, gen luimnich, pl luimnichean. This is the only limerick amongst what we have of the bard’s songs, ’s i seo an aon luimneach am measg na fhuair sinn de dh’òrain a’ bhàird
limerick mod luimnich; na luimnich. This song is in limerick metre, ’s e meadrach na luimnich a tha air an òran seo
limestone n clach-aoil f, gen cloich-aoil. Limestone pavement, cabhsair cloich-aoil
• aol-chlach f, gen aol-chloiche
limestone mod (botany) cloiche-aoil. Limestone bedstraw, màdar cloiche-aoil
limewater n uisg-aoil m, gen uisg-aoil
limit n crìoch f, gen crìche, pl crìochan
limit v tr 1 cuingealaich, vn cuingealachadh. Such criteria should be limited to one or two at any one time, tha còir an leithid seo de bhun-chomharraidhean a bhith air an cuingealachadh ri aon no dhà aig àm sam bith
2 cuir crìochan mu, vn cur chrìochan mu. A basis for later work on how representations define and limit real lives and real communities, bunait do dh’obair a nithear a-rithist air mar a tha dòighean-riochdachaidh a’ seulachadh beatha dhaoine agus choimhearsnachdan a tha ann an da-rìreabh, agus a’ cur chrìochan umpa
limited a 1 cuingealaichte. A limited number of copies, àireamh chuingealaichte de chopaidhean
2 beag. Praise of attempts, however limited, moladh ga dhèanamh air oidhirpean, beag ’s gum bi iad
3 expressed with ìre de. Limited filtration, ìre de shìoladh
limp a bog, comp buige
limpet n bàirneach m, gen bàirnich, pl bàirnich, bàirnichean
line n 1 loidhne f, pl loidhneachan. A straight line, loidhne dhìreach. Line of symmetry, loidhne chothromachaidh. Traces of all three types of walling survive in this area, sometimes on the same wall line, gheibhear lorg fhathast air gach aon de na trì seòrsaichean gàrraidh san àite seo, uaireannan anns an aon loidhne de ghàrradh
2 sreath m, gen sreatha pl sreathan. In poetry writing line length can be demonstrated and explored, ann an sgrìobhadh bàrdachd faodar faid sreatha a thaisbeanadh agus a rannsachadh In opening lines, ann an sreathan-tòiseachaidh. Line jumping, leum sreatha. The rigs were often dug communally by a line of diggers, gu tric bha na feannagan air an ruamhar le sreath de luchd-ruamhair a bhith ag obair còmhla
3 expressed with mar a tha … a’ dol air adhart. To follow closely the line of an argument or explanation, gus a bhith a’ dlùth leantainn argamaid no mìneachaidh mar a tha iad a’ dol air adhart. Which continues to add to the line of discussion, a tha a’ sìor chur ris a’ bheachdachadh mar a tha e a’ dol air adhart
4 not directly expressed. Cues which help them to sustain a brief line of argument, comharraidhean a bheir cothrom dhaibh argamaid a chumail a’ dol rè ùine ghoirid. Supporting or challenging a line of argument, a’ cur taice ri beachd no argamaid, no a’ cur nan aghaidh
half-line n leth-shreath m, pl leth-shreathan. In this song there are four “long lines” in each verse, though the song is written as eight “half-lines”, anns an òran seo tha ceithir “sreathan fada” anns gach rainn, ged a tha an t-òran air a sgrìobhadh mar ochd “leth-shreathan”. At the end of each first half-line, aig deireadh gach ciad leth-shreath
long line n phr sreath m fada, gen sreath fhada, pl sreathan fada. Each long lines forms two half-lines with the division coming after the second stress, tha gach sreath fada a’ dèanamh dà leth-shreath leis an roinn a’ tighinn an dèidh an dara cudthroim. The last stress in each long line comes on the final syllable, tha an cudthrom mu dheireadh anns gach sreath fada a’ tighinn air an lide dheireannach. The syllables having the second and third main stress within each long line rhyme together, tha na lidean air a bheil an dara is an treas prìomh chudthrom air taobh a-staigh gach sreath fhada a’ dèanamh comhardaidh ri chèile
lines n pl : Along the lines suggested, a-rèir ’s mar a thàtar gan toirt mun aire
linear a 1 sreathach. Linear settlement, tuineachadh sreathach. Where rivers ran underneath the ice linear ridges of sand and gravel known as eskers were formed, far an robh aibhnichean a’ ruith fon eigh chaidh dromannan sreathach de ghainmheach is de ghrinneal a chruthachadh ris an canar eisgirean
2 leantainneach. This is not a linear process, chan e cùis leantainneach a tha seo
linen n anart m, gen anairt, pl anairt, anartan. Bed linen, anart-leapa
linguist n cànanaiche m, pl cànanaichean
linguistic a 1 cànanach
2 expressed with cànain f gen. Linguistic development, leasachadh cànain. To enhance their linguistic competence, gus an comas cànain a chur am feobhas. The teacher will broaden pupils’ experience to involve texts of greater maturity of linguistic demand, leudaichidh an tidsear air fiosrachadh nas cloinne a dh’ionnsaigh theacsaichean a tha nas adhartaiche ann an dùbhlan cànain. Teachers will offer knowledge about language when it is likely to help pupils extend their linguistic range, Bithidh tidsearan a’ tairgse eòlais air cànain an uair a tha coltas ann gun cuidich sin a’ chlann gus an comas-cànain a leudachadh
3 expressed with cànain f, pl, cànainean. Pupils will begin to appreciate linguistic diversity, tòisichidh clann air tuigsinn cho iomachruthach ’s a tha cànain
4 expressed with air cànain, or a bhuineas do chànain or a thaobh cànain. Increased cultural and linguistic awareness, barrachd mothachaidh air dualchas agus air cànain. Using appropriate linguistic and literary terms, a’ cleachdadh briathrachas iomchaidh a bhuineas do chànain agus do litreachas. The contemporary nature of Gaelic in its cultural and linguistic senses, mar a bhuineas a’ ghàidhlig don t-saoghal a tha ann a thaobh cultair is cànain
4 expressed with ràdh m, pl ràdhan. To assist them, they may need linguistic formulae, ’s dòcha gum bi feum aca sin air cuideachadh le ràdhan foirmeil
5 expressed with abairt f, pl abairtean. Linguistic formulae can be provided, faodar abairtean foirmeil a thoirt dhaibh
linguistics n cànanachas m, gen cànanachais
link n 1 (in chain) tinne f, pl tinneachan
2 ceangal m, gen ceangail, pl ceanglaichean. Paragraphing can be developed by making clear the link with the purpose of writing, faodar fàs a thoirt air a bhith a’ dèanamh pharagraf le bhith a’ soilleireachadh a’ cheangail a tha ann ri adhbhar sgrìobhaidh. Forge strong links with the language and culture that children bring to school, dlùth cheangal a dhèanamh ris a’ chànain agus ris an dualchas a tha a’ chlann a’ toirt don sgoil
link v tr 1 ceangail, vn ceangal m. Construct, punctuate and link sentences, a’ cur ri chèile, a’ pungadh agus a’ ceangal sheantansan. Some of the examples also show how the learning and teaching activities can be linked to other targets, tha cuid de na h-eisimpleirean cuideachd a’ nochdadh mar a dh’fhaodar na gnìomhan ionnsachaidh agus teagaisg a cheangal ri cuimsean eile
2 ceangail ri chèile, vn ceangal m ri chèile. Link different kinds of skills and experiences, a’ ceangal ri chèile caochladh sheòrsachan sgil agus fiosrachaidh. They will be encouraged to link sentences with appropriate words, bithear gam misneachadh gus seantansan a cheangal ri chèile le faclan freagarrach
3 dèan ceangal ri, vn dèanamh ceangail ri. Its use can link with other language areas, faodaidh a bhith ga chleachdadh ceangal a dhèanamh ri raointean cànain eile
linked a 1 ceangailte. A programme linked to the teaching of reading and writing, prògram a tha ceangailte ri teagasg leughaidh agus sgrìobhaidh
2 eadar-cheangailte. In linked script, ann an sgriobta eadar-cheangailte
3 expressed with ann an ceangal. Inextricably linked to economic factors, ann an ceangal dlùth is daingeann ri cùisean eacanomaigeach
4 expressed with air ceangal ri. A character or animal, perhaps linked to a reading programme, pearsa no ainmhidh, ’s dòcha air a cheangal ri prògram-leughaidh
linking mod ceangail. Use common linking words, a’ cleachdadh fhaclan-ceangail cumanta
linkage n ceangal m, gen ceangail, pl ceanglaichean. Checking punctuation, linkage and organisation will be part of the process of re-drafting, bithear a’ cumail sùil air pungadh, ceangal agus rian mar phàirt den ath-dhreachdadh. Linkage of letters will be taught, bithear a’ teagasg ceangal litrichean
linseed n fras-lìn m, gen frois-lìn
linseed mod frois-lìn. Linseed oil, ola fhrois-lìn
lint n lìon-olann f, gen lìon-olainn
lintel n àrd-doras m, gen àrd-dorais, pl àrd-dorsan
lioness n ban-leòmhann f, gen & pl ban-leòmhainn
lip n 1 lip f, gen lipe, pl lipean
2 bile f, pl bilean. Lip of corry, bile coire
3 beilleag f, gen beilleig, pl beilleagan
lipped a bileach
lipstick n dath-lipean m
liquid n 1 lionn f, gen lionna, pl lionntan
2 lionnach f, gen lionnaich, pl lionnaichean. Liquid soap, siabann lionnaich
3 (linguistics) lionnach f, gen lionnaich, pl lionnaichean
liquid a 1 lionnach
2 sruthach
Lismore pr n Lios Mòr, gen Lios Mòir
list n liosta m, pl liostaichean. A list of instructions, liosta sheòlaidhean. The teacher can provide annotated lists of recommended books, faodaidh an tidsear liostaichean leabhraichean a thàtar a’ moladh a thoirt seachad le notaichean. Individuals should be encouraged to compile their own lists, tha còir pàistean fa leth a mhisneachadh gu bhith a’ cur an liostaichean fhèin ri chèile
list v tr ainmich, vn ainmeachadh. Within each outcome is listed … , taobh a-staigh gach buile thàtar ag ainmeachadh …
2 dèan liosta, vn dèanamh liosta
listed a 1 ainmichte
2 air a chur sìos. The means of assessment listed, na modhan measaidh a tha air an cur sìos gu h-ìosal
3 expressed with a gheibhear. Any complaints should be referred to one of the committee members listed in this booklet or to the local development officer for the area, whose name is also listed at the end of the booklet, bu chòir gearain sam bith a chur gu aon de bhuill na comataidh a gheibhear san leabhran seo, air neo chon oifigich-leasachaidh ionadail anns an sgìre, a gheibhear an t-ainm aice/aige aig deireadh an leabhrain cuideachd
listen v tr èist, vn èisteachd f. People listen best when the information is of importance to them, is ann an uair a tha am fiosrachadh cudthromach dhaibh as fheàrr a dh’èisteas daoine. Pupils will regularly listen to good stories, bidh a’ chlann ag èisteachd gu cunbhalach ri deagh stòiridhean. Both in listening to and reading texts, ann a bhith ag èisteachd ri teacsaichean agus gan leughadh. Listening effectively is an active process, is e nì eadar-phearsanta a tha ann a bhith ag èisteachd gu h-èifeachdach. Opportunities will be taken to incorporate songs, and the experience of listening to different dialects on tape, bithear a’ gabhail cothroim air òrain a ghabhail a-staigh, agus èisteachd ri caochladh dhualchainnt air teip
listening n 1 èisteachd f. Most of the time will be spent on talking and listening, cuirear seachad a’ mhòrchuid den ùine ann an còmhradh agus ann an èisteachd. Pupils will demonstrate a response to their listening, bidh a’ chlann a’ nochdadh freagairt do an cuid èisteachd. Pupils’ experience of listening can now extend to other texts, faodar leudachadh a-nis a dhèanamh air eòlas na cloinne air èisteachd a dh’ionnsaigh theacsaichean eile
2 expressed with èist, vn èisteachd. By discussing in advance the purpose of their listening, le bhith a’ beachdachadh ro làimh air an adhbhar a tha aca a bhith ag èisteachd
listening mod 1 èisteachd. Listening games, cleasan èisteachd. Listening centres, ionadan-èisteachd. They may observe capacity for regular concentration in listening situations, faodaidh iad coimhead air comas air làn aire chunbhalaich ann an suidhichidhean èisteachd
2 ann an èisteachd. It would be wrong for a pupil’s listening development to be stunted, cha bhitheadh e ceart idir casg a chur air fàs pàiste ann an èisteachd. They may observe listening behaviour in order to detect a possible listening impairment, faodaidh iad coimhead air giùlan ann an èisteachd gus ròs fhaighinn air uireasbhaidh claisneachd a dh’fhaodadh a bhith ann
3 claisneachd. They may observe listening behaviour in order to detect a possible listening impairment, faodaidh iad coimhead air giùlan ann an èisteachd gus ròs fhaighinn air uireasbhaidh claisneachd a dh’fhaodadh a bhith ann
listening comprehension n phr earrann-èisteachd f, gen earrainn-èisteachd, pl earrannan-èisteachd
listening corner n phr oisean-èisteachd m, gen oisein-èisteachd, pl oiseanan-èisteachd. A listening corner is valuable, tha oisean-èisteachd gu math feumail
listener n 1 neach-èisteachd m, pl luchd-èisteachd. It has much to do with the knowledge and experience of the listener, tha e ann an dlùth dhàimh ri eòlas agus ri fiosrachadh an neach-èisteachd. Listeners have to learn to select relevant information, feumaidh luchd-èisteachd ionnsachadh mar a thaghas iad fiosrachadh brìoghmhor. Pupils will learn that capitals and full stops make the meaning clear to readers and listeners, bidh a’ chlann ag ionnsachadh gu bheil litrichean mòra agus puingean stad a’ soilleireachadh brìgh do luchd-leughaidh agus do luchd-èisteachd
2 expressed with èisteachd f gen. Some of those listeners’ tasks will involve pupils in carrying out simple directions, cuiridh cuid de na gnìomhan èisteachd sin a’ chlann an sàs ann a bhith a’ coileanadh stiùiridh shìmplidh
3 expressed with èist, vn èisteachd. By being a good listener the teacher will show the value of listening attentively, le bhith ag èisteachd gu math bidh an tidsear a’ nochdadh cho feumail ’s a tha e a bhith ag èisteachd gu furachail
literacy n litearras m, gen litearrais
literal a litireil, or a tha litireil. By providing questions which ask for literal responses, le bhith a’ cur cheistean a tha a’ sùileachadh fhreagairtean litireil. Teachers will take pupils beyond purely literal responses, bheir na tidsearan a’ chlann thar fhreagairt a tha litireil a-mhàin
literally adv gu litireil. Though it is clear that this is not literally true, ged a tha e follaiseach nach eil seo fìor gu litireil
literalness n litireileas m, gen litireileis
literary a 1 litreachail. Pupils will use some of the conventions of a chosen literary form, bidh a’ chlann a’ cur an gnìomh cuid de chleachdaidhean a bhuineas do mhodh litreachail a chaidh a thaghadh
2 litreachais. Literary device, innleachd litreachais. A literary artist, ealantair litreachais. Literary criticism, breithneachadh litreachais. Making some use of appropriate literary conventions, leis na h-uiread de chleachdadh air nòsan-litreachais iomchaidh
3 a bhuineas do litreachas. Teachers need to introduce pupils to the grammatical, literary and other technical terms of language, feumaidh na tidsearan a’ chlann a chur an aithne nam briathran cànain a bhuineas do ghràmar, do litreachas agus an leithid sin. Using appropriate linguistic and literary terms, a’ cleachdadh briathrachas iomchaidh a bhuineas do chànain agus do litreachas
literate a litearra
literati n pl luchd-litreachais m
literature n litreachas m, gen litreachais. Written literature, litreachas sgrìobhte. Exemplified by increased interest in literature, mar eisimpleir air a seo tha barrachd ùidh ga gabhail ann an litreachas. Through its literature and culture, tro a litreachas agus a cultar. But culture is more than language and literature, ach chan e dualchas idir cànain agus litreachas a-mhàin
lithograph n clach-ghràbhaladh m, gen clach-ghràbhalaidh, pl clach-ghràbhalaidhean
lithograph v tr clach-ghràbhail, vn clach-ghràbhaladh m
lithographer n clach-ghràbhalaiche m, pl clach-ghràbhalaichean
lithography n clach-ghràbhalachd f
litotes n àicheamhas m, gen àicheamhais
litre n liotair m, pl liotairean
litter n sgudal m, gen sgudail. You are asked to respect the Country Code by not dropping litter, thathar ag iarraidh ort urram a shealltainn do Chòd na Dùthcha le gun a bhith a’ fàgail sgudail
litter house n phr taigh m liteir, pl taighean liteir. Some hens are kept in large buildings called litter houses, tha cuid a chearcan air an cumail ann an togalaichean mòra ris an canar taighean liteir
little a beag, comp lugha. A little girl, caileag bheag. You have little enough time, tha do thìde beag gu leòr dhut
little bit adv phr expressed with car de. The criteria might be to bring out the signs that the victim is a little bit afraid, ’s e na bun-chomharraidhean, is dòcha, na comharraidhean a sheulachadh gu bheil car de dh’eagal air an neach air a bheil brath
live a 1 beò
2 not directly expressed. Some of these will be live performances by teachers or pupils, bidh an tidsear no a’ chlann a’ gabhail pàirt ann an cuid dhiubh sin
live v tr expressed with bi beò. Children play naturally, and in such play build understanding of themselves and the world in which they live, tha e nàdarrach do chloinn a bhith a’ cluiche, agus ann an cleasan den t-seòrsa sin tha iad a’ togail tuigse orra fhèin agus air an t-saoghal anns a bheil iad beò
living n beòshlaint f, gen beòshlainte, pl beòshlaintean
living a beò. Gaelic is a living, growing language, ’s e tha anns a’ Ghàidhlig ach cànain bheò, agus cànain a tha a’ fàs
livelihood n 1 (a) bith-beò f
(b) beòshlàint f, gen beòshlainte, pl beòshlaintean
2 cosnadh m, gen cosnaidh, pl cosnaidhean
liveliness n beothalachd f
lively a 1 beothail, comp beothaile. Projection of a lively, modern image of Gaelic, foillseachadh air ìomhaigh bheothail na Gàidhlig anns an latha an diugh
2 aigneach
liver n 1 grùthan m, gen grùthain, pl grùthanan. Cirrhosis of the liver, caitheamh a’ ghrùthain
2 adha m, pl àinean, adhaichean
liverwort n adha-lus m
load n 1 eallach m, gen & pl eallaich
2 luchd m, gen luchda, pl luchdan. Load of river, luchd aibhne
load v tr 1 lod, vn lodadh m. The cut coal is carried on a conveyor belt to be loaded into trucks, thèid an gual a tha air a ghearradh a ghiùlain air crios siubhail airson a lodadh air trucaichean
2 luchdaich, vn luchdachadh m
loaf n buileann f, gen builinn, pl buileannan
loam n 1 dubh-ùir f, gen dubh-ùire
2 dubh-thalamh m, gen dubh-thalmhainn f
loamy a dubh-ùireach. Loamy soil, ùir dhubh-ùireach
loan n iasad m, gen iasaid, pl iasadan
loan word n phr facal-iasaid m, gen facail-iasaid, pl faclan-iasaid. According to the metre this loan-word is disyllabic, a-rèir na meadrachd tha am facal-iasaid seo dà-lideach
local a 1 ionadail. Local authority, ùghdarras ionadail. Local market, margaid ionadail. As well as particular local circumstances, a thuilleadh air cùisean ionadail sònraichte. Real-life situations offered by the mass media or by their local community, suidhichidhean anns an t-saoghal againn fhèin a gheibhear anns na mòr mheadhain no anns a’ choimhearsnachd ionadail aca fhèin. It should begin from where the child is in place and time — familiar experiences, the local environment, including cityscapes, tha còir aige tòiseachadh far a bheil am pàiste — an t-àite agus an tìm anns a bheil e, fiosraichidhean air a bheil e eòlach, an àrainneachd ionadail agus sin a’ cunntadh seallaidhean a’ bhaile mhòir. Producing children’s pages for local newspapers, ag ullachadh duilleagan chloinne airson phàipearan-naidheachd ionadail
2 expressed with na sgìre. Taking into account local circumstances, a’ gabhail ealla ri suidhichidhean na sgìre. The local GP should be contacted, is còir fios a leigeil air dotair-teaghlaich na sgìre
3 expressed with dlùth. The child’s experience of family, school, local community and the wider world, fiosrachadh a’ phàiste air a theaghlach, air an sgoil, air an dlùth choimhearsnachd agus air an t-saoghal mhòr
locally adv gu h-ionadail. Available locally and nationally, ri am faotainn gu h-ionadail agus gu nàiseanta
locate v tr 1 faigh lorg air, vn faighinn luirge air. To locate information, gus lorg fhaighinn air fiosrachadh. Words will be located in dictionary or thesaurus, gheibhear lorg air faclan ann am faclair no ann am briathrachan
2 cuir aithne air, vn cur aithne air. In order to locate with increasing accuracy genre, purpose and audience, gus aithne nas cinntiche agus nas cinntiche a chur air gnè, air adhbhar ’s air luchd-amais
3 comharraich, vn comharrachadh m. Skim and scan to locate main points of a text, a’ togail agus a’ sgrùdadh gus prìomh phuingean ann an teacs a chomharrachadh
4 suidhich, vn suidheachadh m
located a suidhichte. Two eskers are located just north of the valley, tha dà eisgir suidhichte beagan tuath air a’ ghleann
location n 1 àite m, pl àitean, àiteachan
2 suidheachadh m, gen suidheachaidh, pl suidheachaidhean
locational a suidheachaidh. Locational factor, factar suidheachaidh
locative a (grammar) ionadail. The locative case, an tuiseal ionadail
lock n 1 glas f, gen glaise, pl glasan
2 (e.g. of canal) loc m, pl locan. Lock system, siostam locan
lock v tr glais, vn glasadh
locked a glaiste. They must be stored within appropriate locked cupboards, feumar an stòradh am broinn phreasan glaiste freagarrach
locker n locair m, pl locairean. Storage locker, locair stòraidh
Davy Jones’s locker n phr expressed with taigh m MhicSìridh
lodge v tr & i
lodgings n pl àite-fuirich m, pl àitean-fuirich
lofty a àrd, comp àirde
loess n loess m
• ladhs m
logic n loidig f
logical a loidigeach
loneliness n 1 aonarachd f
2 aonaranachd f
lonely a 1 aonarach, comp aonaraiche
2 aonaranach, comp aonaranaiche
long a 1 fada, comp faide
2 (in measurements) am fad. Three feet long, trì troighean am fad
as long as, so long as conj phr 1 cho fad is gu. I shall be there as long as he comes as well, bidh mi ann cho fad ’s gun tig esan cuideachd
2 air chor is gu. I shall be there as long as he comes as well, bidh mi ann air chor ’s gun tig esan cuideachd
3 air chumha is gu. I shall be there as long as he comes as well, bidh mi ann air chumha ’s gun tig esan cuideachd
longer comp a 1 (a) nas fhaide, as fhaide. To build longer, more fully-shaped works, gus obraichean nas fhaide a chur ri chèile air an làn chumadh. The second two phrases are written as one longer line, tha an dara dà abairt air an sgrìobhadh mar aon sreath as fhaide
(b) expressed with a tha car nas fhaide. In longer reading activities, ann an gnìomhan leughaidh a tha car nas fhaide
2 expressed with fada. Differentiated longer texts can be discussed by groups, faodar beachdachadh le buidhnean air teacsaichean fada a tha air an eadar-sgaradh
no longer adv phr 1 expressed with neg plus nas fhaide. I shall no longer do it, cha dèan mi e nas fhaide
2 expressed with neg plus a-nis. The site of the entrance is no longer clear, chan eil e a-nis soilleir far an robh an doras
long-fruited a (botany) fad-mheasach. Long-fruited birdsfoot trefoil, bàrr a’ mhìslein fad-mheasach
longitude n domhan-fhad m, gen domhan-fhaid
long-necked a 1 fad-mhuinealach
2 muinealach
longshore a fad-tràghad. Longshore drift, siabadh fad-tràghad
long-term a 1 expressed with anns an fhad-ùine. It is not a short-term answer we need but a long term answer, chan e freagairt anns a’ gheàrr-ùine air a bheil feum againn ach freagairt anns an fhad-ùine
look n 1 dreach m. There are obvious markers in the look of the page, tha comharraidhean follaiseach ann an dreach na duilleige
2 sùil f, gen sùla. Take a look at the weather, thoir sùil air an t-sìde
look v i 1 coimhid, vn coimhead m (at, air). To look at events from the point of view of different characters, a bhith a’ coimhead air tachartasan o shealladh chaochladh phearsachan. By looking at beginnings, middles and endings, le bhith a’ coimhead air toiseach, meadhan agus deireadh
2 seall, vn sealltainn m (at, ri). Look, cover, write, check is one example from several, tha seall, còmhdaich, sgrìobh, dearbh na aon eisimpleir a-mach à grunnan. Direct speech can be taught by looking at texts, faodar labhairt dhìreach a theagasg le bhith a’ sealltainn ri teacsaichean
3 amhairc, vn amharc m (at, air)
4 (appear) (a) expressed with impersonal of faic. The map shows the size and shape of everything as it looks from above, tha am mapa a’ sealltainn meud agus cumadh gach rud mar a chithear e bho os a chionn
(b) expressed with bi a’ coimhead. He looks ill, tha e a’ coimhead tinn
how … looks v phr expressed with coltas plus gen. The criteria might be to give a good picture of how the person looks, ’s e na bun-chomharraidhean, is dòcha, dealbh math a dhèanamh air coltas an neach sin
look for v phr 1 coimhid airson, vn coimhead m airson. Pupils should look for evidence in the text of the purposes for which it was made, bu chòir do chloinn coimhead airson dearbhaidh anns an teacsa air na h-adhbharan airson an deach a dhèanamh.
2 sir, vn sireadh m. Pupils should look for evidence in the text, bu chòir don chloinn dearbhadh a shireadh anns an teacsa
look like v phr bi coltach ri. It shows what the town looks like from a helicopter, tha e a’ sealltainn cò ris a tha am baile coltach bho heileacoptar
loom beart f, gen beairt, pl beartan
loop n 1 lùb f, gen lùib, pl lùban
2 dula m, pl dulachan
loose a sgaoilte. Loose material, stuth sgaoilte
lord n 1 triath m, pl triathan
2 tighearna m, pl tighearnan
3 morair m, pl morairean
lose v tr caill, vn call m
lost a air chall
get lost n phr rach air chall, vn dol air chall. It would be very easy to get lost if you did not have a map, bhitheadh e glè fhuarasta a dhol air chall mur bitheadh mapa agad
lost a, see lose v tr
lot n 1 cuid f, gen codach, pl codaichean
2 earrann f, gen earrainn, pl earrannan. Add the liquid in three lots of 2 ml each, cuir an lionnach ann ann an trì earrannan de 2 ml an tè
a lot of prep phr mòran. It should feature a lot of encouragement and modelling of good practice, bu chòir mòran misneachaidh agus eisimpleirean de chleachdadh dòigheil a bhith mar phàirt dheth sin
lottery n 1 crannchur m, gen crannchuir, pl crannchuran
2 lotaraidh m, pl lotaraidhean. It’s just a lottery, ’s e lotaraidh a th’ ann
National Lottery pr n Crannchur m Nàiseanta, gen Crannchuir Nàiseanta
National Lottery mod bhon Chrannchur Nàiseanta. National Lottery funding, maoineachadh bhon Chrannchur Nàiseanta
loud a 1 àrd, comp àirde
2 àrd-ghuthach, comp àrd-ghuthaiche
3 cruaidh, comp cruaidhe. Show that they can use at least the following terms: soft, slow , loud, a’ nochdadh gun cuir iad gu feum, air a’ char as lugha, na faclan a leanas: bog, mall, cruaidh
loudness n àirde f
loudspeaker n 1 (a) labhrair m, pl labhrairean
(b) àrd-labhraiche m, pl àrd-labhraichean
2 glaodhaire m, pl glaodhairean
louse n mial f, gen miala, pl mialan
love n 1 gràdh m, gen gràidh
2 gaol m, gen gaoil
3 annsachd f
love v tr expressed with 1 thoir gaol do, vn toirt gaoil do. The pre-school recognises that many different types of family successfully love and care for children, tha an ro-sgoil a’ toirt fa-near gun tèid aig iomadh seòrsa eadar-dhealaichte de theaghlaichean air gaol agus cùram a thoirt do chloinn
2 còrd ri, vn còrdadh ri. The plants in the garden will love this rain, abair gun còrd an t-uisge seo ris na dìthein anns a’ ghàrradh
love-lies-bleeding n (Amaranthus caudatus) lus-a’-ghràidh m
loveliness n àlainneachd f. The loveliness of the day, àlainneachd an latha
lovely a àlainn, comp àlainne. A lovely day, latha àlainn
low a ìosal, comp ìsle. Low vowel, fuaimreag ìosal. Low ridges of volcanic rock, dromannan ìosal de chreig bholcànaich
low order mod phr bun-ìre. Low order services, seirbhisean bun-ìre
low tide, low water n phr muir-tràigh f. See also tide n
lower a comp 1 nas ìsle, as ìsle
2 ìochdrach. The lower course of the river, cùrsa ìochdrach na h-aibhne
lower v tr 1 ìslich, vn ìsleachadh m
2 lùghdaich, vn lùghdachadh m
3 (a) leig sìos, vn leigeil sìos
(b) leig, vn leigeil m. The miners are lowered down the shaft in a lift, thèid na mèinneadairean a leigeil sìos an toll ann an àrdaichear
lowland n còmhnard m, gen comhnaird, pl còmhnardan. Highlands and lowlands of a country, àird-thìrean agus còmhnardan dùthcha
lowland a san talamh ìosal. Lowland rivers, aibhnichean san talamh ìosal
loyalty n dilseachd f
lubrication n ùilleachadh m, gen ùilleachaidh
lucrative a saidhbhir, comp saidhbhire. Posts which it might be more lucrative for us to follow, dreuchdan a dh’fhaodadh a bhith na bu shaidhbhire dhuinn a leantainn
luggage n ceasachan f pl. Luggage labels, bileagan ceasa
Luing pr n Luinn
lunch n 1 biadh-meadhan-là m, gen bìdh-mheadhan-là, pl biadhan-meadhan-là
2 ruisean m, gen ruisein, pl ruiseanan
lung n sgamhan m, gen sgamhain, pl sgamhanan
lurch v i
lurching a tulgach
lure v tr buair, vn buaireadh m
Luxembourg pr n Lucsamburg f
lying a, see lie v i
lyric n 1 liric f, pl liricean
2 ealaidh f, pl ealaidhean
lyric, lyrical a liriceach. Lyric poetry, bàrdachd liriceach
lyricism n liriceachd f
M
macaronic a macarònach. It is a song which is, to a degree, macaronic in type, for the bard makes use of a large number of English words throughout it, is òran e a tha, gu ìre, macarònach na ghnè, oir tha am bàrd a’ dèanamh feum de dh’àireamh mhòr de dh’fhaclan Beurla air fheadh
Macedonia pr n a’ Mhacadoin f, gen na Macadoin
Macedonian pr n 1 Macadoineach m, gen & pl Macadoinich
2 (language) Macadoinis f
machine n 1 inneal m, gen inneil, pl innealan
2 beart f, gen beairt, pl beartan; or beairt , gen beairte, pl beairtean
machine-gun n beart-ghunna m, pl beart-ghunnachan
machinery n 1 innealradh m, gen innealraidh, pl innealraidhean
2 inneal m, gen inneil. The work is done by machinery, ’s ann le inneal a tha an ubair ga dèanamh
made a, see make v tr
magazine n 1 iris f, pl irisean. Contexts for personal writing such as magazines, suidhichidhean airson sgrìobhaidh phearsanta, mar tha irisean. Writing for class magazines, a’ sgrìobhadh airson irisean clasa
2 (store for arms, ammunition) arm-lann f, gen arm-lainn, pl arm-lannan
magic n draoidheachd f
magic a seunta. Magic square, ceàrnag sheunta
magic spell n phr geasag f, gen geasaig, pl geasagan
magic wand n phr slat-draoidheachd f, gen slaite-draoidheachd, pl slatan-draoidheachd
magistrate n bàillidh m, pl bàillidhean
magma n magma m
magnanimity n àrd-aigne m, mòr-aigne m
magnesium n maignèisiam m, gen maignèisiam. Magnesium sulphate, sulfait mhaignèisiam
magnet n 1 magnait m, pl magnaitean
2 clach-iùil f, gen cloiche-iùil, pl clachan-iùil
magnetic a 1 magnaiteach. Magnetic field, raon magnaiteach. Magnetic poles, pòlaichean magnaiteach
2 tarraingeach
magnetism n 1 magnaiteachd f
2 (a) dlùth-tharraingeachd f
(b) iùil-tharraing f
magnify v tr 1 cuir am meud, vn cur am meud
2 meudaich, vn meudachadh m
magnifying glass n phr glainne-mheudachaidh f, gen glainne-meudachaidh, pl glainneachan-meudachaidh
mahogany n mahoganaidh m
maid n ainnir f, gen ainnire, pl ainnirean
maiden n ainnir f, gen ainnire, pl ainnirean
mail n
electronic mail n phr post-dealain m, gen puist-dhealain. Communicating ideas through electronic mail, a’ cur an cèill smuaintean le post-dealain
mail-order n òrdugh m tron phost, gen òrduigh tron phost
mail order mod òrduigh-tron-phost. Mail order catalogues, catalogan òrduigh-tron-phost
main n 1 (water) prìomh-phìob f, pl prìomh-phìoban
main a 1 prìomh. The main crop, am prìomh bhàrr. The main character, am prìomh phearsa. The main pipe, a’ phrìomh phìob. The main point, a’ phrìomh phuing. Main medium of education, prìomh mheadhan teagaisg. By referring to the four main outcomes of Gaelic, a bhith a’ gabhail beachd air ceithir prìomh bhuilean na cànain. The main effort should be to stress the contemporary nature of Gaelic, tha còir am prìomh àite a thoirt do bhith a’ cur cudthroim air mar a bhuineas a’ ghàidhlig don t-saoghal a th’ann. The rationale describes the main features of the Gaelic curriculum, tha an Fheallsanachd a’ toirt cunntais air na prìomh nithean a bhuineas do chlàr-teagaisg na Gàidhlig. Which will identifying main ideas from supporting ideas and evidence, a ghabhas a-staigh aithne chur air prìomh bhun-bheachdan bho bhun-bheachdan agus bho dhearbhadh a tha taiceil
2 expressed with as cudthromaiche. The main features, na nithean as cudthromaiche
3 expressed with a’ mhòrchuid de. It will be the main source of advice, ’s ann às a thig a’ mhòrchuid de chomhairle
4 expressed with as motha. The main emphasis in the first two years, ’s e as motha bhitheas san amharc aig tidsearan B1 agus B2
5 expressed with gu seachd àraidh. Listening is the main means by which knowledge is acquired, is ann gu seachd àraidh tro èisteachd a thàtar a’ faotainn eòlais
main crop n phr prìomh-bhàrr m, gen prìomh-bharra
maincrop mod prìomh-bharra. Maincrop potatoes, buntàta prìomh-bharra
main road n phr rathad-mòr, gen rathaid-mhòir, rothaid-mhòir, pl ròidean-mòra
mainly adv gu h-àraidh. These will be mainly in poetry, ’s ann gu h-àraidh ann am bàrdachd a bhitheas iad seo. They should be assessed mainly on their understanding of its plot and characters, tha còir am measadh gu h-àraidh air an tuigse a tha aca air a’ phlota agus air na pearsachan aice
mainland n tìr-mòr m, gen tìr-mhòir
mainland mod tìr-mòr plus gen. Gaelic was once the language of most of mainland Scotland, b’ i a’ Ghàidhlig aig aon àm a’ chànain a bha aig a’ chuid as motha de thìr-mòr na h-Alba
maintain v tr 1 cùm, vn cumail f. Pupils should be encouraged to maintain a personal reading programme, is còir a’ chlann a mhisneachadh gu bhith a’ cumail prògram-leughaidh pearsanta. An accident book must be maintained and kept with the first-aid box, feumar leabhar thubaistean a chumail agus a ghlèidheadh còmhla ris a’ bhocas-chiad-fhuasglaidh
2 (of upkeep) (a) cùm suas, vn cumail suas. We must spend a little money each year to maintain the building, feumaidh sinn beagan airgid a chosg a h-uile bliadhna airson an togalach a chumail suas
(b) càraich, vn càradh m
3 glèidh, vn gleidheadh m. It is now crucial to build on these achievements so that Gaelic maintains its dynamic as a living language in Scotland, tha e a-nis do-sheachnaichte cudthromach gum bithear a’ togail air na chaidh a thoirt gu buil mar-thà gus an glèidh a’ Ghàidhlig a clì mar chànan beò ann an Alba
4 (claim in argument) tagair, vn tagairt f, tagradh m. One cannot make much sense of line c unless one maintains that there is stress on the first syllable of the line, cha dèanar mòr chiall de shreath c gun a bhith a’ tagradh gu bheil cudthrom air a’ chiad lide den t-sreath
maintained a air a chàradh. Staff should ensure that the premises are kept clean and well maintained, is còir do luchd-obrach a dhèanamh cinnteach gu bheil an t-aitreabh air a chumail glan agus air a dheagh chàradh
maintenance n 1 cumail f suas
2 càradh m, gen càraidh. There must be adequate maintenance of premises and equipment, feumaidh càradh an togalaich agus na h-uidheamachd a bhith aig ìre iomchaidh
3 beathachadh m, gen beathachaidh
maisonette n maisonait m, pl maisonaitean
major a 1 prìomh. In order to respond in some depth to a major feature of a text, gus freagairt ann an tomhas doimhne a thoirt do phrìomh nì a bhuineas do theacsa
2 fìor … mòr, fìor mhòr. There will be pupils in S2 for whom attainments at Level D, or earlier levels, will be major achievements, ’s e fìor adhartas mòr a bhitheas ann do chuid ann an A2 ma thèid aca air cuimsean a choileanadh aig Ìre D, no ìrean nas ìsle na sin
3 cudthromach. These dykes were major land boundaries, ’s e crìochan cudthromach air fearann a bha anns na gàrraidhean seo
major road n phr àrd-rathad m, gen àrd-rathaid, àrd-rothaid, pl àrd-ròidean
majority n mòrchuid f, gen mòrchodach. Others, perhaps the majority, cuid eile, a’ mhòrchuid, is dòcha. The majority of the roundhouses lie outside the trail, tha a’ mhòrchuid de na taighean-cruinne suidhichte taobh a-muigh na slighe
make v tr 1 dèan, vn dèanamh m. Pupils will learn to make rough notes as they listen, bidh a’ chlann a’ tòiseachadh air notaichean a dhèanamh fhad ’s a tha iad ag èisteachd. To help them make inferences, airson an cuideachadh gus tuairmsean a dhèanamh. To make requests, iarrtasan a dhèanamh. Pupils should be given an interest in words, how they are made, tha còir ùidh na cloinne a thogail ann am faclan, mar a tha iad air an dèanamh. Pupils should be helped to make discoveries for themselves through a range of activities such as making an audiotape or a video, tha còir gum faigheadh clann cuideachadh gus nithean a lorg dhaibh fhèin le bhith an sàs ann an caochladh ghnìomhan mar a bhith a’ dèanamh teip-èisteachd no bhideo
2 cruthaich, vn cruthachadh m. To develop their capacities to communicate, think, feel and make through Gaelic, gus leasachadh a dhèanamh air an cuid chomasan co-luadair, smaoineachaidh, faireachdainn, agus cruthachaidh anns a’ Ghàidhlig. In order to understand language pupils need first to be involved in receiving and making it, gus cànain a thuigsinn, feumaidh clann anns a’ chiad dol a-mach a bhith an sàs ann a bhith ga gabhail agus ga cruthachadh
3 cuir, vn cur. These components are assessed within a unified context, making the assessment meaningful and purposeful, tha na roinnean seo gam measadh ann an suidheachadh aonaichte, agus tha seo a’ cur brìgh agus adhbhair anns a’ mheasadh
4 expressed with le prep. Making some use of appropriate literary conventions, leis na h-uiread de chleachdadh air nòsan-litreachais iomchaidh
5 thoir air, vn toirt air. The bard does not generally make a word having svarabhakti rhyme with a word without it, chan eil am bàrd sa chumantas a’ toirt air facal anns a bheil svarabhakti comhardadh a dhèanamh ri facal gun e
6 not directly expressed. This approach enables pupils to concentrate their minds and make the task manageable for both teacher and class, bheir sin cothrom don chloinn an inntinn a shocrachadh gus an gnìomh a làimhseachadh an dà chuid leis an tidsear agus leis a’ chlas. The second means by which additional demand can be made is through independent learning, an dàrna dòigh air barrachd iarraidh air cloinn ’s ann tro ionnsachadh neo-eisimeileach. It may also be an option to transfer a pupil making rapid progress from a Learners’ class to Gaelic Medium education, faodar cuideachd pàiste air a bheil fìor phiseach luath a ghluasad bho chlas Luchd-Ionnsachaidh gu foghlam tro Mheadhan na Gàidhlig. Respond by making a relevant comment, a’ freagairt le abairt iomchaidh
making n gabhail m. Note making will become a regular practice, thig gabhail notaichean gu bhith na chleachdadh cunbhalach
made a dèante. Walls made of turf, or earth and stone, were originally more common than the familiar stone dykes, bha gàrraidhean dèante de dh’fhàl, no de chloich is de dh’fhàl còmhla, na bu chumanta roimhe na na gàrraidhean-cloiche ris a bheil sinn cleachdte an diugh
make accessible v phr cuir eòlas air, vn cur m eòlais air. Biographical details about poets can help make their work more accessible to pupils, bidh fiosrachadh mu bheatha nam bàrd na chuideachadh don chloinn ann a bhith a’ cur am barrachd eòlais air an obair aca
make available v phr 1 cuir an tairgse, vn cur m an tairgse. Methods for making texts available to the widest range of pupils, dòighean air teacsaichean a chur an tairgse chloinne de gach uile seòrsa comais
2 expressed with sealbhaich, vn sealbhachadh m. It has been a basic assumption that the resources required for the achievement of these targets will be made available, thàtar air a bhith a’ gabhail ris mar nì bunaiteach gum bi na goireasan gan sealbhachadh air a bheil feum gus na cuimsean seo a choileanadh
make aware of v phr thoir mothachadh do, vn toirt f mothachaidh do. Teachers will make pupils aware of styles, bheir na tidsearan mothachadh don chloinn air stoidhlichean. They should be made aware of non-verbal aspects, bu chòir mothachadh a thoirt dhaibh air nithean nach buin idir do dh’fhaclan. Pupils can be made aware of differences in effects, faodar mothachadh a thoirt don chloinn air eadar-dhealachaidhean ann am buaidhean
make a choice, make choices v phr 1 dèan taghadh, vn dèanamh m taghaidh. They will be expected to make choices, bithear a’ sùileachadh orra gun dèan iad taghaidhean
2 tagh, vn taghadh m. Noun and verb will describe categories of words from which pupils make choices, bidh ainmear agus gnìomhair a’ dèanamh iomraidh air seòrsachan fhaclan às am bi a’ chlann a’ taghadh
make clear v phr 1 dèan soilleir, vn dèanamh m soilleir. To make their meaning clear, gus dèanamh soilleir dè tha iad a’ ciallachadh
2 mìnich gu soilleir, vn mìneachadh m gu soilleir. Teachers should make clear the purpose of the activity, tha còir aig tidsearan adhbhar na h-obrach a mhìneachadh gu soilleir
3 soilleirich, vn soilleireachadh m. Pupils will learn that capitals and full stops make the meaning clear to readers, bidh a’ chlann ag ionnsachadh gu bheil litrichean mòra agus puingean stad a’ soilleireachadh brìgh do luchd-leughaidh. Paragraphing can be developed by making clear the link with the purpose of writing, faodar fàs a thoirt air a bhith a’ dèanamh pharagraf le bhith a’ soilleireachadh a’ cheangail a tha ann ri adhbhar sgrìobhaidh
make clearer v phr geuraich, vn geurachadh. By making clearer their awareness of listeners’ needs, le bhith a’ geurachadh am mothachaidh air feuman an luchd-èisteachd
make decision v phr 1 dèan co-dhùnadh, vn dèanamh co-dhùnaidh. Show that they can make a choice or decision based upon what has been heard, a’ nochdadh gun tèid aca air roghainn no co-dhùnadh a dhèanamh air bhonn na chualas. Texts containing information on which they have to make decisions and choices, teacsaichean anns a bheil fiosrachadh a dh’fheumas iad co-dhùnadh no roghainn a dhèanamh mu dheidhinn
2 thig gu co-dhùnadh, vn tighinn gu co-dhùnadh. She will be able to make decisions about the progress of individual pupils, thèid aice air tighinn gu co-dhùnaidhean mu dhèidhinn adhartas sgoilearan fa leth
make a deduction, deductions v phr thig gu co-dhùnadh, gu co-dhùnaidhean, vn tighinn gu co-dhùnadh, gu co-dhùnaidhean. Pupils will make deductions from important statements in the text, bidh a’ chlann a’ tighinn gu co-dhùnaidhean o ràdhan cudthromach anns an teacsa
make a demand, demands v phr 1 expressed with an prep plus dùbhlan m. Pupils will talk in situations which make demands for accuracy and relevance, bidh a’ chlann a’ labhairt ann an suidhichidhean anns a bheil dùbhlan a thaobh a bhith ceart agus iomchaidh
2 expressed with iarr, vn iarraidh m
make discoveries v phr expressed with lorg nithean, vn lorg nithean. Pupils should be helped to make discoveries for themselves, tha còir gum faigheadh clann cuideachadh gus nithean a lorg dhaibh fhèin
make explicit v phr 1 expressed with mìnich gu soilleir dè as ciall do, vn mìneachadh …. The teacher will make explicit and exemplify the process of message-giving, bidh an tidsear a’ mìneachadh gu soilleir le eisimpleirean dè as ciall do bhith a’ toirt teachdaireachd
2 soilleirich, vn soilleireachadh. The teacher will continue to make explicit, leanaidh an tidsear air a bhith a’ soilleireachadh
make feel, make to feel v phr thoir faireachdainn do, vn toirt f faireachdainn do. Pupils should be made to feel that their contributions are valued, tha còir faireachdainn a thoirt don chloinn gu bheilear a’ cur meas air na tha iad a’ toirt seachad
make feel like v phr dèan coltach ri, vn dèanamh m coltach ri. The first paragraph of a ghost story is where you make it feel like an eerie place, ’s e a’ chiad pharagraf de sgeulachd mu thaibhsean far a bheil thu ga dhèanamh coltach ri àite uamhalta
make for v phr 1 dèan air, vn dèanamh air. Cross the burn and head for the gate, rach tarsainn air an allt agus dèan air a’ gheat
2 cuir t’aghaidh air, vn cur t’aghaidhe air. They made for Glasgow, chuir iad an aghaidh air Glaschu
make judgement, make judgements v phr thoir breith, vn toirt f breith. Questioning should lead pupils to evaluate, infer and make judgements, tha còir aig ceasnachadh a’ chlann a stiùireadh gu bhith a’ measadh, a’ dèanamh fhoidheam agus a’ toirt breith
make happy v phr thoir toileachadh do. That poem made me happy, thug an dàn ud toileachadh dhomh
make opportunity v phr thoir cothrom (for, air). The teacher will continue to make opportunities for functional listening, leanaidh an neach-teagaisg air cothrom a thoirt air èisteachd ghnìomhachail
make predictions v phr bi a’ fàisneachd. Pupils will use previous experience of reading to make predictions, cleachdaidh a’ chlann an t-eòlas a tha aca cheana air leughadh gu bhith a’ fàisneachd. With the ability to recognise genre, readers and listeners are also aided in making predictions, le comas a bhith aca air mar aithnichear gnè, gheibh luchd-leughaidh agus luchd-èisteachd cuideachadh ann a bhith ri fàisneachd
make progress v phr expressed with thig piseach air. It is likely that these pupils will make more rapid progress, bidh a h-uile coltas gun tig piseach nas luaithe air a’ chloinn seo
make reference to v phr 1 thoir tarraing air, vn toirt tarraing air. The teacher will encourage pupils to make reference to information contributed by others, bidh an tidsear a’ misneachadh na cloinne gu bhith a’ toirt tarraing air fiosrachadh a thug feadhainn eile seachad. They will make some reference to their own experience, bidh iad a’ toirt tarraing air choireigin air am fiosrachadh fhèin
2 gabh ealla ri, vn gabhail ealla ri. When reading this page, reference should be made to Programmes of Study, an uair a bhithear a’ leughadh na duilleig seo bu chòir a bhith a’ gabhail ealla ris na Clàran Oideachaidh
make sense of v phr 1 thoir brìgh à, vn toirt brìgh à. It is through talk that the pupil makes sense of the range of ideas in the curriculum, is ann tro labhairt a bheir am pàiste brìgh às an iomadalachd thùs-bheachdan a tha anns a’ chlàr-theagaisg sin
2 tuig, vn tuigsinn. Teaching the strategies which will help them to make sense of aspects such as plot is essential, tha e ro-èiseil a bhith a’ teagasg nan sgilean a chuidicheas iad gu bhith a’ tuigsinn nithean mar a tha plota
make spine creep v phr expressed with cuir gaoir ann am feòil. They must make the setting and expression eerie enough to make the readers’ spines creep, feumaidh iad an t-àite agus an dòigh-innse a dhèanamh cho uamhalta ’s gun cuir e gaoir ann am feòil an luchd-leughaidh
make suggestion v phr cuir air adhart beachd. Group tasks provide the setting within which pupils can make suggestions, is ann à iomairt-bhuidhne a thig an suidheachadh anns am faod a’ chlann beachdan a chur air adhart
make sure v phr dèan cinnteach, vn dèanamh m cinnteach. The teacher should make sure the situation is free from stress, tha còir aig an tidsear dèanamh cinnteach gu bheil an suidheachadh saor o ro-uallach
make up v phr 1 dèan suas, vn dèanamh suas. The various elements that make up the landscape can be studied in detail, faodar na diofar eileamaidean a tha a’ dèanamh suas an dealbh-thìre a sgrùdadh gu mionaideach
2 rach an ceann a-chèile gus … a dhèanamh. The series of paragraphs which will make up the account of the life cycle of the butterfly, an t-sreath pharagraf a thèid an ceann a-chèile gus iomradh a dhèanamh air cuairt-bheatha an dealan-dè
make use of v phr 1 cleachd, vn cleachdadh. Making use of radio and television, a’ cleachdadh rèidio agus telebhisean. Informational texts make straightforward use of facts, tha teacsaichean fiosrachaidh a’ cleachdadh eòlais ann an dòigh shìmplidh. Teachers will make use of a variety of methods, cleachdaidh tidsearan caochladh dhòighean
2 cuir gu feum, cuir am feum. The teacher will make use of these, cuiridh an tidsear sin gu feum. Use of recordings of the pupils’ own talking can be made, faodar labhairt na cloinne fhèin air clàr a chur am feum
make-up n expressed with mar a tha … air cur ri chèile. To give pupils an interest in the roots, derivations and make-up of words which are especially interesting, gus ùidh na cloinne a thogail ann am faclan a tha sònraichte inntinneach: na freumhaichean aca, co às a thàinig iad, agus mar a tha iad air an cur ri chèile
malapropism n ain-eirmseachd f
Malay pr n 1 Mailèidheach m, gen & pl Mailèidhich
2 (language) Mailèidhis f
Malaya pr n Malaya m
male n 1 fireannach m, gen & pl fireannaich
2 expressed with fireann a. Studying media representations of males and females will allow discussion of stereotyping and gender roles, bidh cothrom ann, le bhith a’ gabhail ealla ris mar a tha fireann agus boireann gan cur far comhair anns na meadhain, air beachdachadh air lèir-sheiseachadh agus air an àite a tha aig boireann agus fireann
mallet n òrd-fiodha m, gen & pl ùird-fhiodha
malnutrition n dìth-beathachaidh m
malt n braich f, gen braiche; or brach f, gen bracha
malt v tr brach, vn brachadh m
Malta pr n Màlta f
Maltese pr n 1 Màltach m, gen & pl Màltaich
2 (language) Màltais f
Maltese a Màltach
mammal n mamal m, gen mamail, pl mamalan
man n
big, ungainly man n phr crùislig m, pl crùisligean; also crùisleach m, gen crùislich, pl crùislichean. He was such a big, ungainly man, bha e na chrùislig cho mòr
old man n phr bodach m, gen & pl bodaich
manage v tr 1 làimhsich, vn làimhseachadh m. How is this to be managed? Ciamar a thàtar a’ dol a làimhseachadh seo?
2 riaghail, vn riaghladh m
3 cùm rian air, vn cumáil rian air
• rianaich, vn rianachadh
managing director n phr stiùiriche m riaghlaidh, pl stiùirichean riaghlaidh
manageable a 1 expressed with an comas a chleachdadh. Teachers should provide straightforward fiction of manageable length and style, tha còir aig tidsearan ficsean sìmplidh fhaotainn daibh a bhitheas nan comas a chleachdadh a thaobh faid agus stoidhle
2 expressed with làimhsich, vn làimhseachadh m. This approach enables pupils to concentrate their minds and make the task manageable for both teacher and class, bheir sin cothrom don chloinn an inntinn a shocrachadh gus an gnìomh a làimhseachadh an dà chuid leis an tidsear agus leis a’ chlas
3 expressed with gabh a làimhseachadh. It is essential to reduce recording to just what is needed and what is manageable, feumar air a h-uile cor clàradh a ghiorrachadh dìreach gu ìre na bheil riatanach agus na ghabhas a làimhseachadh
management n 1 riaghladh m, gen riaghlaidh. Simple instructions concerning activities and classroom management, seòladh sìmplidh mu nithean a tha a’ dol anns an rum-theagaisg agus mu riaghladh a’ chlas
2 stiùireadh m, gen stiùiridh
3 (a) làimhseachadh m, gen làimhseachaidh
(b) expressed with mar a làimhsich. I admire your management of that affair, tha mi a’ moladh mar a làimhsich thu an nì sin
4 rianachd f. River management, rianachd aibhne
manager n manaidsear m, gen manaidseir, pl manaidsearan. Should public swimming-pools be used, the person in charge of the pre-school must contact the manager of the facility prior to the visit, ma thèid amaran-snàimh poblach a chur am feum, feumaidh an neach a tha air ceann na ro-sgoile brath a leigeil air manaidsear a’ ghoireis mus bithear a’ tadhal air
manifold a iom-fhillte
manipulate v tr 1 ullaich, vn ullachadh m. It depends more on their ability to see how larger units are manipulated, tha e nas motha an urra ri an comas air a bhith a’ tuigsinn mar tha aonadan nas motha air an ullachadh
2 làimhsich, vn làimhseachadh m. Skills of manipulating materials from more than one source will continue to be developed, leanar air a bhith a’ toirt fàis air sgilean làimhseachadh stuthan à còrr is aon àite
manipulation n expressed with a bhith a’ làimhseachadh. Pupils will develop confidence in the manipulation of punctuation, bidh a’ chlann a’ fàs nas misneachaile ann a bhith a’ làimhseachadh pungaidh
man-made a innealta. Man-made fibre, snàithlean innealta
• fuadain. Man-made fibre, snàithlean fuadain
manner n nòs m, gen nòis, pl nòsan
manners n beus f, gen beusa, pl beusan. A child is known by his manners, aithnichear leanabh air a bheus
mantle n fallainn f, pl fallainnean. The earth’s mantle, fallainn an t-saoghail
mansion n taigh-mòr m, gen taighe-mhòir, pl taighean-mòra
manufacture n saothrachadh m, gen saothrachaidh
manufacture v tr saothraich, vn saothrachadh m
manufactured a saothraichte
manufacturing mod saothrachaidh. Manufacturing region, ceàrn saothrachaidh. Manufacturing industry, gnìomhachas saothrachaidh
manufacturer n
manufacturers n pl luchd m nan gnìomhachasan-saothrachaidh. The more efficient use of water is encouraged by co-operation with manufacturers, thathar ag àrach a bhith a’ caitheamh uisge ann an dòigh nas èifeachdaiche tro cho-obrachadh le luchd nan gnìomhachasan-saothrachaidh
manure n inneir f, gen innearach
manuscript n làimh-sgrìobhainn f, pl làimh-sgrìobhainnean
Manx pr n 1 Gàidhlig f Mhanainneach, gen Gàidhlig Manainnich
2 Manainnis f
Manxman pr n Manainneach m, gen & pl Manainnich
Manxwoman pr n ban-Mhanainneach f, gen & pl ban-Mhanainnich
many n mòran m. A variety of topics, many of which will be returned to in more depth later, caochladh chuspairean agus iad a’ dol a thilleadh gu mòran diubh sin ’s a’ dol nas doimhne annta a-rithist
as many … as adv phr uiread de (plus dat) … agus. Information, written and spoken, will be clearly communicated in as many languages as necessary, thèid fiosrachadh, an dà chuid air a sgrìobhadh agus air a labhairt, a chur an cèill gu soilleir ann an uiread de chànainean agus a tha riatanach
many a 1 iomadh
2 gach iomadh. Pupils can discuss and appreciate the many varieties of language, faodaidh a’ chlann beachdachadh agus lèirmheas a dhèanamh air gach iomadh seòrsa cànain a tha ann
3 iomadach. Many real opportunities for pupils to convey information, iomadach fìor chothrom do chloinn a bhith a’ cur fiosrachaidh an cèill
4 expressed with mòran plus gen. Many pupils should in practice achieve much more, tha còir gun coileanadh mòran chloinne cus a bharrachd. Punctuate many sentences accurately, a’ pungadh mòran sheantansan gu dòigheil. Through the use of many contexts for personal writing, le bhith a’ cleachdadh mòran shuidhichidhean airson sgrìobhaidh phearsanta
5 expressed with mòran plus de. Many pupils will need to be taught how to disagree, feumaidh mòran den chloinn an teagasg gus a bhith a’ nochdadh easaonta
6 an deagh chuid. For many pupils the experience of hearing stories read aloud will be encountered for the first time as part of the school’s early reading programme, ’s ann mar phàirt de thùs-phrògram leughaidh na sgoile a bhitheas an deagh chuid de phàisdean a’ chiad uair nam beatha a’ cluinntinn stòiridhean air an leughadh a-mach
map n mapa m, pl mapaichean. Map extract, earrann mhapa
map projection n phr clàradh-mapa m, gen clàraidh-mhapa, pl clàraidhean-mapa
map symbol n phr samhla-mapa m, gen samhlaidh-mhapa, pl samhlaidhean-mapa
map v tr 1 map, vn mapadh m
2 dèan mapa de, vn dèanamh mapa de. Mapping the neighbourhood, a’ dèanamh mapa den choimhearsnachd
map out v phr 1 comharraich, vn comharrachadh. Which maps out content and learning and teaching approaches, a tha a’ comharrachadh an dà chuid susbaint agus dòighean teagaisg agus ionnsachaidh
2 nochd, vn nochdadh. Which maps out content and teaching and learning approaches, a tha a’ nochdadh susbaint agus dòighean teagaisg agus ionnsachaidh
mapping mod 1 mapaidh. Mapping exercises, eacarsaichean mapaidh
2 (maths) gnìomh m
marble n 1 (rock) màrmor m, gen màrmoir. Tileas of grey marble, leacagan de mhàrmor glas
2 (play) mìrleag f, gen mìrleig, pl mìrleagan
march v i 1 dèan màrsail, vn dèanamh màrsail; dèan mèarrsadh, vn dèanamh mèarrsaidh
2 dèan caismeachd, vn dèanamh caismeachd
march v i crìochnaich, vn crìochnachadh m (with, ri). We could do it along with another area that marches with us, dh’fhaodadh sinn a dhèanamh còmhla ri sgìre eile a tha a’ crìochnachadh rinn fhìn
margin n 1 iomall m, gen & pl iomaill. The page margin, iomall na duilleige
2 oir f, gen oire, pl oirean. The page margin, oir na duilleige
marginal a iomaill. Marginal land, fearann iomaill
marigold, corn n bile-bhuidhe f, gen bile-buidhe
marijuana n 1 marijuana m
2 cainb f, gen cainbe
mark n comharra m, gen comharraidh, pl comharraidhean
mark v tr 1 comharraich, vn comharrachadh m. These tasks will be marked by some structure or formality, bidh na gnìomhan seo air an comharrachadh le tomhas structair no foirmealachd. Techniques such as making deductions and marking text, dòighean obrach mar tha co-dhùnadh agus comharrachadh an teacsa. A patch of grassy ground marks another house site, tha criomag de thalamh feurach a’ comharrachadh làrach eile far an robh taigh uaireigin
2 cuir comharraidhean, vn cur chomharraidhean. After drafting, pupils can mark possible errors, an dèidh dha dreachdadh a dhèanamh faodaidh am pàiste comharraidhean a chur far am faodadh mearachdan a bhith
marked a comharraichte. It is recommended that you return by following the route marked on the map, thàtar a’ moladh gun till thu le bhith a’ leantainn a’ chùrsa a tha comharraichte air a’ mhapa
marking n comharrachadh m, gen comharrachaidh. Marking scheme, sgeama comharrachaidh. Teachers will encourage marking and highlighting of text, bidh tidsearan a’ misneachadh comharrachadh agus seulachadh theacsaichean. Using prediction, sequencing and text marking, a’ cleachdadh fàisneachd, cur an òrdugh, agus comharrachadh teacsa
marking fluid n phr lionnach-chomharrachaidh f, gen lionnaich-comharrachaidh, pl lionnaichean-comharrachaidh. This marking fluid was originally red ochre, ’s e òcair ruadh a bha anns an lionnach-chomharrachaidh seo an toiseach
marker n comharradh m, gen comharraidh, pl comharraidhean. And to say what are the markers which allowed them to make the distinction, agus a ràdh gu dè na comharraidhean a thug cothrom dhaibh an t-eadar-dhealachadh a dhèanamh. Markers should be simple, bu chòir na comharraidhean a bhith sìmplidh. Other textual markers, comharraidhean teacsail eile
market n margadh m, gen margaidh, pl margaidhean; margaid f, gen margaide, pl margaidean
market mod margaidh. Market towns, bailtean margaidh
market garden n phr gàrradh m margaidh, gen gàrraidh mhargaidh, pl gàrraidhean margaidh
market gardener n phr gàrradair m margaidh, pl gàrradairean margaidh
market gardening n phr gàrradaireachd f mhargaidh
market town n phr baile m margaidh, gen baile mhargaidh, pl bailtean margaidh
marram grass (Ammophila arenaria) n muran, gen murain
marsh n 1 boglach f, gen boglaich, pl boglaichean
2 fèith f, gen fèithe, pl fèithean
marsh mod (botany) fèithe. Marsh arrow-grass, bàrr-a’-mhilltich m fèithe
marsupial n pocanach m, gen & pl pocanaich
marsupial a pocanach
masculine a fireann. The masculine gender, a’ ghnè fhireann. In this dialect very often the masculine diminutive suffix does not change in the genitive case, anns an dualchainnt seo glè thric cha bhi iar-leasachan a’ mheanbhain fhireann ag atharrachadh anns an tuiseal ghinideach ann
mask n 1 aodannan m, gen & pl aodannain
2 masg m, pl masgan. Oral/nasal mask, masg beòil/sròine
3 aghaidh-choimheach f, gen aghaidh-coimhich, pl aghaidhean-coimheach
mask v tr masg, vn masgadh m
masking tape n phr teip-mhasgaidh f
mass n (celebration of Eucharist) aifreann m, gen aifrinn
mass n 1 (lump) meall m, gen & pl mill
2 (physics, mechanics) tomad m, gen tomaid, pl tomadan. Mass and weight, tomad agus cuideam
mass production n phr meall-dhèanamh m, gen meall-dhèanaimh
mass media n phr 1 na mòr mheadhain. Mass media is a term useful in categorizing texts, tha na mòr mheadhain na ainm feumail ann a bhith a’ seòrsadh theacsaichean. And also some of the technical terms of literature and the mass media, agus cuideachd àireamh de na briathran teicneolach a bhuineas do litreachas agus do na mòr mheadhain. Real-life situations offered by the mass media, suidhichidhean anns an t-saoghal againn fhèin a gheibhear anns na mòr mheadhain
2 na meadhanan. The rich contexts for gaelic development provided by the mass-media, an t-iomadh suidheachadh airson leasachadh na Gàidhlig a tha ri fhaotainn o na meadhanan
3 na meadhanan mòra
mass media mod expressed with bho na mòrmheadhain. Dramatic and mass media texts, teacsaichean bho dhràma ’s na mòrmheadhain
mass-produce v tr meall-dhèan, vn meall-dhèanamh m
massage n 1 suathadh m bodhaig, gen suathaidh bhodhaig
2 taoisneachd f
massage v tr suath, vn suathadh m. Massaging muscles, a’ suathadh fhèithean
mast n crann m, gen & pl cruinn, crainn. The boat’s masts, cruinn a’ bhàta. A radio/television mast, crann reidio/telebhisein
mast socket n phr (socket for mast in the bottom of a boat) trobha
master v tr rach agad air, vn dol agad air. Pupils with difficulties arising from their failure to master basic skills, clann le duilgheadasan a tha mar thoradh air nach deach aca air na bun-sgilean
mat n brat-ùrlair m, pl bratan-ùrlair
safety mat n phr brat-ùrlair sàbhailteachd, pl bratan-ùrlair sàbhailteachd. Appropriate safety mats must be provided under all indoor climbing equipment, feumaidh bratan-ùrlair sàbhailteachd iomchaidh a bhith ann fon uidheamachd-streap a-staigh air fad
match (piece of inflammable material) n 1 lasadair m, pl lasadairean. Household goods such as toothpaste, matches and dusters, gnothaichean taighe mar uachdar-fhiclan, lasadairean agus dustairean
2 maidse, maids m, pl maidseachan, maidsichean
match n 1 (equal)
2 (game) maids m, pl maidsichean
match v tr 1 maids, vn maidseadh m
2 (a) thig a-rèir. They are given scope to practise them in contexts that match their needs and abilities, tha clann a’ faighinn eòlais air caochladh sheòrsachan labhairt agus sgrìobhaidh, agus tha cothrom aca iad seo a chur an cèill ann an suidhichidhean a tha a’ tighinn a-rèir am feuman agus an comasan. They should consider whether the text matches the pupils’ interests, tha còir aca beachdachadh air co-dhiùbh a tha an teacsa a’ tighinn a-rèir ùidhean na cloinne
(b) thig ri. Teachers should provide a wide range of picture, story and informational texts which are of good quality and match pupils’ interests and needs, tha còir aig tidsearan teacsaichean math de iomadh seòrsa, le dealbhan is stòiridhean is fiosrachadh, a thig ri ùidh is feumalachd na cloinne, a thoirt dhaibh
3 rach le, vn dol le. Side view 1 matches plan 1, and so on, tha sealladh oire 1 a’ dol le plana 1, agus mar sin air adhart
4 co-chuir, vn co-chur m. A programme which will involve developing auditory discrimination and matching sounds with pictures, printed letters and words, prògram a tha a’ gabhail a-steach fàs ann an comas cluaise agus ann a bhith a’ co-chur fhuaimean ri dealbhan, faclan agus litrichean an clò
5 (a) bi ann an dàimh ri, bi ann an dlùth dhàimh ri. It is important to recognise that the form of assessment has to match the aims of the teaching process, tha e cudthromach a thuigsinn gum bi an dòigh anns a bheilear a’ measadh ann an dàimh ri amasan teagaisg. Such developments have been matched by a realisation, tha leasachaidhean den t-seòrsa seo air a bhith ann an dlùth dhàimh ri tuigse
(b) expressed with coltach ri, as coltaiche ri. What number on the colour chart does your pH strip match? dè an àireamh air a’ chlàr dhath as coltaiche ris an stèill pH agad?
6 cum crìoch ri, vn cumail crìche ri. From that vantage point the study of language and culture should radiate outwards, matching the child’s growth in understanding, bu choir oideachadh na cànain agus an dualchais lìonsgaradh a-mach on t-suidheachadh bhuannachdail sin, a’ cumail crìche ri fàs a’ phàiste ann an tuigse
match to v phr cuir ri, vn cur ri. Match each side view to its plan, cuir gach sealladh oire ris a’ phlana aige fhèin
matched to prep phr 1 expressed with thig a-rèir, vn tighinn a-rèir. Pupils will read texts matched to their interest, bidh a’ chlann a’ leughadh theacsaichean a tha a’ tighinn a-rèir an ùidh
2 an co-bhonn ri. Composing text which uses language matched to a particular medium, a’ cur ri chèile teacs a tha a’ cleachdadh cànain an co-bhonn ri meadhan sònraichte
matching n 1 maidseadh m, gen maidsidh
2 co-chòrdadh m, gen co-chòrdaidh. To develop skills of matching and discrimination, gus sgilean co-chòrdaidh agus breithneachaidh a thoirt air adhart
material n 1 stuth m, pl stuthan. Reading material, stuth leughaidh. Visual material of all kinds, stuth faicsinneach de gach seòrsa. The mass-media contain materials ideal for language teaching, tha stuthan anns na mòr mheadhain a tha buileach freagarrach airson teagasg cànain. A school-devised programme which will include commercially-produced materials, prògram a tha air a dhealbhadh anns an sgoil fhèin agus a dh’fhaodas stuthan bùtha a chleachdadh. Give pupils a working knowledge of reference materials, eòlas a thoirt don chloinn air stuthan fiosrachaidh. With colourful reading materials, le stuthan leughaidh dathail. Skills of manipulating materials from more than one source will continue to be developed, leanar air a bhith a’ toirt fàis air sgilean làimhseachadh stuthan à còrr is aon àite
2 adhbharrach m, gen adhbharraich
3 (cloth) aodach m, gen aodaich
material a expressed with àrainneachd f. The material settings and social relationships of the school and the classroom, suidhichidhean àrainneachd na sgoile agus an ruim-theagaisg, agus na dàimhean sòisealta a tha ri am faotainn annta
materialism n 1 (philosophy) adhbharachas m, gen adhbharachais
2 saoghaltachd f
3 saoghal-mhiannachd f
materialist n 1 (philosophy) adhbharaiche m, pl adhbharaichean
2 neach m saoghalta, pl daoine saoghalta
3 saoghal-mhiannair m, pl saoghal-mhiannairean
materialistic a 1 (philosophy) adhbharach
2 saoghalta
3 saoghal-mhiannach
mathematical a matamataigeil. Mathematical linguistics, cànanachas matamataigeil
mathematics n matamataig m. All the outcomes of mathematics will be taught through Gaelic, is ann tro Ghàidhlig a bhithear a’ teagasg na tha a’ sruthadh à matamataig
matrix n 1 meatrags m
2 machlag f, gen machlaig, pl machlagan
matter n 1 nì m, pl nithean. Pupils should be introduced to matters such as gaelic music, bu chòir a’ chlann a chur an aithne nithean mar tha ceòl na Gàidhlig. Real communication on matters of interest and relevance to pupils. Fìor chonaltradh mu nithean anns a bheil ùidh aig cloinn agus a tha a’ freagairt orra. They will write about matters which go beyond their real-life experiences, bidh iad a’ sgrìobhadh mu nithean a tha a’ dol thar am fiosrachaidh anns an t-saoghal sa bheil iad beò
2 cùis f, pl cùisean. Teachers should use texts in English on Gaelic matters to supplement texts in Gaelic, bu chòir do thidsearan teacsaichean Beurla air cùisean na Gàidhlig a chleachdadh mar leudachadh air teacsaichean ann an Gàidhlig
a matter of, expressed with bi a’ ciallachadh. This is not just a matter of sympathetic assistance, chan eil seo a’ ciallachadh a-mhàin taice cho-fhaireachail
no matter what, expressed with ge b’ e air bith dè. All pupils, no matter what their ability, a’ chlann air fad, ge b’ e air bith dè cho comasach ’s a tha iad
matter v tr expressed with feum m plus luach f. Motivation matters, tha feum air gluasad-inntinn, agus tha luach ann
maturational a fàis. More differentiated targets which will reflect maturational and interest changes, cuimsean nas eadar-dhealaichte a nochdas atharrachaidhean fàis agus ùidh. The syllabus of programmes should be designed to keep pace with their maturational level, bu chòir clàr-obrach nam prògraman a dheilbh gus còrdadh a dhèanamh ri an ìre fàis
maturity n 1 fàs m, gen fàis. They should consider whether the text matches the pupils’ level of maturity, tha còir aca beachdachadh air co-dhiùbh a tha an teacsa a’ tighinn a-rèir ìre fàis na cloinne
2 expressed with bi a’ fàs. With increasing maturity, mar a bhitheas a’ chlann a’ fàs
3 expressed with adhartach a. The teacher will broaden pupils’ experience to involve texts of greater maturity of ideas, leudaichidh an tidsear air fiosrachadh nas cloinne a dh’ionnsaigh theacsaichean a tha nas adhartaiche ann am bun-bheachdan. Development will continue in terms of maturity and variety of text, bidh teacsaichean a’ fàs nas caochlaidiche agus nas adhartaiche
4 expressed (along with “developing”) with mar a tha … a’ fàs nas sine. It is essential that the programs of study they follow should keep pace with their developing interests and maturity, tha e do-sheachnaichte riatanach gum bi na clàran oideachaidh aca a’ dol a rèir nan nithean anns a bheil iad a’ gabhail ùidh mar a tha iad a’ fàs nas sine
mauve a liath-phurpaidh
maximise v tr expressed with cho math ’s a ghabhas. In order to maximise pupils’ opportunities to hear Gaelic, gus cothrom cho math ’s a ghabhas a thoirt don chloinn a bhith a’ cluinntinn na Gàidhlig
maximum n 1 expressed with suas gu…
2 expressed with gu ruige…
maximum thermometer n phr teas-mheidh teothachd-àird
maximum a expressed with làn preceding v. Maximum use of the language for communication relevant to children’s needs, làn-chleachdadh air a’ chànain airson conaltraidh da-rìreabh a bhuineas do dh’fheuman na cloinne
May pr n 1 an Cèitean m, gen a’ Chèitein
May-day pr n 1 Bealltainn f, gen Bealltainne
2 là m buidhe Bealltainn
may v aux 1 (a) faod. Pupils may come from homes where Gaelic is not spoken, faodaidh clann a bhith à dachaighean anns nach eil Gàidhlig air a bruidhinn. Their own stories may consist of a single sentence, faodaidh nach bi nan cuid stòiridhean fhèin ach aon seantans a-mhàin. This may be used to promote further discussion, faodar seo a chur gu feum gus an tuilleadh beachdachaidh a thogail. This may be represented by the formula…, faodar seo a riochdachadh leis an fhoirmle…
(b) expressed with dh’fhaoidte. Others may have achieved Level E in only one or two of the outcomes, bidh cuid eile, dh’fhaoidte, nach do choilean Ìre E ach ann an aon no dhà de na builean coileanaidh
(c) expressed with faodaidh e bhith gu, dh’fhaodadh e bhith gu. Some language attainment targets may be incapable of being fully realised, faodaidh e bhith nach gabh cuid de chuimsean cànain an coileanadh gu h-iomlan. Some of the smaller buildings on the trail may have been built for this purpose, dh’fhaodadh e bhith gun deach cuid de na togalaichean as lugha air an t-slighe a thogail airson an adhbhair seo
2 bu chòir. This may be used to promote further discussion, bu chòir sin a chur gu feum gus an tuilleadh deasbaid a thogail
3 expressed with is dòcha. Some pupils will have difficulties that may require the provision of alternative means of communication, bidh duilgheadasan aig cuid a dh’fheumas, ’s dòcha, modhan conaltraidh seach an àbhaist a chur nan tairgse. Early language production may take the form of Gaelic sentences with some English words, is dòcha gur e seantansan Gàidhlig le faclan Beurla nam measg na thig bhuapa de chànain toiseach cùise. Poems may no longer always have rhymes, ’s dòcha nach bi comhardadh daonnan a-nis anns na duain. Producing a re-draft (which may be the final copy), a’ toirt ath-dhreachd gu buil (agus is dòcha gur e seo an dreachd chrìochnaichte). Others may have no immediate contact with Gaelic, cuid eile, ’s dòcha, aig nach eil dlùth cheangal idir ris a’ Ghàidhlig
4 expressed with faigh v tr. Introduce a system where children may talk with an independent person, stèidhich siostam leis am faigh clann bruidhinn ri neach neo-eisimeileach
5 not directly expressed. Others, however, may have pronounced, specific or complex difficulties, airson feadhainn eile, ge-tà, aig a bheil duilgheadasan follaiseach, sònraichte no ioma-chruthach. The text may be, for example, a poem, an illustrated page from a children’s book, or a spoken message, mar eisimpleirean de theacsaichean tha dàn, duilleag le dealbh bho leabhar chloinne, no teachdaireachd bheòil. The topics may involve the pupils in research, cuiridh na cuspairean a’ chlann gu rannsachadh. With degrees of formality that will depend on the writer’s familiarity, which may be real or imaginary, with the target readership, aig ìrean foirmealachd a bhitheas a’ dol a-rèir ’s dè an t-eòlas — fìrinneach no mac-meanmnach — a tha aig an sgrìobhadair air a luchd-amais
may well v aux phr expressed with ’s ann a dh’fhaodas. Though it is clear that this is not literally true, yet we may well believe part of it, ged a tha e follaiseach nach eil seo fìor gu litireil, an dèidh sin ’s ann a dh’fhaodas sinn creideas a thoirt do phàirt dheth
might v aux 1 dh’fhaodadh. The following ranges of activities might be undertaken in each of the outcomes, dh’fhaoidte caochladh ghnìomhan, mar a leanas, a ghabhail os làimh anns gach aon de na builean. Beginners might be asked to respond to simple instructions, dh’fhaodaiste iarraidh air luchd-tòiseachaidh seòladh sìmplidh a chur an gnìomh. This might be represented by the formula…, dh’fhaoidte seo a riochdachadh leis an fhoirmle…. It is recommended that a proportion of this time might be devoted to language work, thàtar a’ moladh gum faodaiste cuibhreann den ùine seo a thoirt do dh’obair cànain
2 expressed with gabhadh. The attainment targets are intended to help the teacher plan what might be achieved, is e a tha air cùl nan cuimsean coileanaidh, cuideachadh a dhèanamh leis an tidsear gus deasachadh a dhèanamh fa chomhair na ghabhadh a choileanadh
3 expressed with còir. The following approach to drafting might be used, tha còir na dòighean a leanas a chleachdadh ann an dreachdadh
4 expressed with ’s dòcha. The criteria might be to give a good picture of how the person looks, ’s e na bun-chomharraidhean, is dòcha, dealbh math a dhèanamh air coltas an neach sin
might well v aux phr expressed with ’s ann a dh’fhaodadh. Though it is clear that this was not literally true, yet we might well have believed part of it, ged a tha e follaiseach nach robh seo fìor gu litireil, an dèidh sin ’s ann a dh’fhaodadh sinn a bhith air creideas a thoirt do phàirt dheth
mayor n àrd-bhàillidh m, pl àrd-bhàillidhean
maze n ioma-shlighe f, pl ioma-shlighean. The area around Anna’s school is a bit like a maze, tha àrainn sgoil Anna rudeigin coltach ri ioma-shlighe
meadow n 1 cluain f, gen cluaine, pl cluaintean
2 lèana f, pl lèanan, lèanachan
3 àilean m, gen & pl àilein
meadow n (botany) cluaine. Meadow barley, eòrna cluaine
meal n 1 tràth m, pl tràthan
2 biadh m, gen bidhe, bìdh, pl biadhan
meal n min f, gen mine
barley meal n phr min-eòrna f, gen min-eòrna
maize meal n phr min f Innseanach, gen min Innseanaich
oatmeal n min-choirce f, gen min-choirce
rye meal n phr min-sheagail f, gen min-sheagail
wheaten meal n min-chruithneachd f, gen min-chruithneachd
mealworm n (larva of Tenebrio molitor) cnuimh-mhine f, gen cnuimhe-mine, pl cnuimhean-mine
mean a meadhain. Mean temperature, teothachd mheadhain. Average mean temperature, teothachd mheadhain chuibheasach
mean v tr bi ciallachadh. Any review of policy will mean that programmes of work will also have to be reviewed, ma bhios ath-bhreithneachadh ga dhèanamh air poileasaidh tha seo a’ ciallachadh gum feumar prògraman obrach cuideachd an ath-bhreithneachadh. Nor does it mean that smaller units are neglected, cha mhò tha seo a’ ciallachadh nach eil àite ga thoirt do na h-aonadan beaga. Although set side by side, the two columns of guidance are not meant to demonstrate equivalences, ged a tha an dà cholbh de stiùireadh air an cur taobh ri taobh chan eil seo a’ ciallachadh gu bheil iad co-ionnan
meaning n 1 brìgh f. In order to shape meaning, gus cumadh a chur air brìgh. Where these help to clarify meaning, far a bheil iad sin a’ cuideachadh gus brìgh a shoilleireachadh. Pupils will write to convey meaning in Gaelic appropriate to audience and purpose, bidh sgoilearan a’ sgrìobhadh ach an cuir iad brìgh an cèill ann an Gàidhlig mar a fhreagras air luchd-amais agus adhbhar. The meaning of new words and phrases should usually be indicated through visual cues, bu chòir brìgh fhaclan ùra agus abairtean ùra a chur an cèill le comharraidhean a chithear. Writing helps pupils to clarify their thoughts and to give them personal meaning, tha sgrìobhadh a’ cuideachadh na cloinne gus an cuid smuaintean a shoilleireachadh agus gus brìgh phearsanta a chur annta. It helps listeners and readers make better sense of its meanings, tha e na chuideachadh do luchd-èisteachd agus do luchd-leughaidh gus tuigse nas fheàrr fhaighinn air a brìgh. When discussing the relationships of words and meanings, ann am beachdachadh air dàimh fhaclan agus brìgh
2 brìgh f fhaclan. How meanings develop and change, mar a bhitheas fàs agus caochladh a’ tighinn air brìgh fhaclan
3 tuigse f. Drama provides a medium for the active exploration of areas of complex meaning, tha dràma na mheadhan air a bhith a’ dian-rannsachadh raointean de thuigse ioma-fhillte
4 ciall f, gen cèille, pl ciallan
5 expressed with bi a’ ciallachadh. To make their meaning clear, gus dèanamh soilleir dè tha iad a’ ciallachadh
6 expressed with dè as ciall do. Syllable and root will be used in discussion which centres on individual words, their origins, meanings and functions, cleachdar lide agus freumh ann am beachdachadh air faclan fa leth agus air co às an tàinig iad, air dè as ciall daibh agus dè as gnìomh dhaibh
give meaning to v phr thoir brìgh às. Giving them order and meaning, a’ cur rian air na nithean sin agus a’ toirt brìgh asda
meander n 1 lùb f, gen lùibe, pl lùban
2 cuairt-lùb f, gen cuairt-lùibe, pl cuairt-lùban
meander v i lùb, vn lùbadh m
meandering a lùbach. The sandstone was deposited by a large system of shallow, wide, meandering rivers, chaidh a’ chlach-ghainmhich a leigeil a-nuas le siostam mòr de dh’aibhnichean ao-domhainn, leathan, lùbach
meaningful a 1 brìoghmhor. Such teaching should always be within a meaningful context, tha còir aig a leithid seo de theagasg a bhith daonnan ann an suidheachadh brìoghmhor. Within a curriculum that is, so far as the pupil is concerned, coherent and meaningful, ann an clàr-teagaisg a tha, bho shealladh na cloinne, dòigheil agus brìoghmhor
2 expressed with brìgh f. These components are assessed within a unified context, making the assessment meaningful and purposeful, tha na roinnean seo gam measadh ann an suidheachadh aonaichte, agus tha seo a’ cur brìgh agus adhbhair anns a’ mheasadh
meaningless a gun bhrìgh
means n 1 modh m, pl modhan. Some pupils will have difficulties that may require the provision of alternative means of communication, bidh duilgheadasan aig cuid a dh’fheumas, ’s dòcha, modhan conaltraidh seach an àbhaist a chur nan tairgse. The means of assessment listed below illustrate possible approaches available to the teacher, tha na modhan measaidh a tha air an cur sìos gu h-ìosal mar eisimpleir air cuid de dhòighean air a bheil cothrom aig an tidsear
2 meadhan m, pl meadhain or meadhanan. They are means by which activities can be grouped in a natural way, tha iad nam meadhain air gnìomhan a thoirt còmhla ann an dòigh nàdarrach. Talking is the main means of social communication and interaction, is e a bhith a’ labhairt am prìomh mheadhan air conaltradh sòisealta eadar daoine. A stimulating means of leading pupils to explore and discuss meaning, meadhan brosnachaidh gus clann a threòrachadh gu bhith a’ rannsachadh brìgh ’s a’ beachdachadh air sin. To compose and communicate their ideas by means such as talking and drawing, smaointean a chur an cèill tro mheadhanan leithid labhairt agus tarraing dhealbh
3 dòigh f, pl dòighean. Means of transport, dòighean-siubhail. Specialised materials such as a means of enhancing or enlarging ordinary print, stuthan sònraichte mar tha dòighean air clò nàdarrach a dhèanamh nas soilleire no nas motha. The second means by which additional demand can be made is through independent learning, an dàrna dòigh air barrachd iarraidh air cloinn ’s ann tro ionnsachadh neo-eisimeileach
4 goireas m, gen goireis, pl goireasan. Means of transport, goireasan siubhail
5 expressed with tro prep. Listening is the main means by which knowledge is acquired, is ann gu seachd àraidh tro èisteachd a thàtar a’ faotainn eòlais
6 (pecuniary) maoin f, gen maoine. We believe that no family should be excluded from the group’s activities on the grounds of class, family status or means, tha sinn a’ creidsinn nach bu chòir gum bitheadh teaghlach sam bith air an dùnadh a-mach bho ghnìomhan na buidhne mar thoradh air clas, inbhe theaghlaich, no maoin. The pre-school offers a flexible payment system for families with different means, tha an ro-sgoil a’ tairgse siostaim phàighidh fhosgailte do theaghlaichean aig a bheil maoin eadar-dhealaichte
by means of prep phr 1 tro. They should expect vivid pictures to be painted by means of comparisons (in simile and metaphor), bu chòir dùil a bhith aca gum bi dealbhan beòthail gan cruthachadh tro shamhla agus tro mheatafor. They enable information to be relayed by means of a fast and cost-effective electronic process, tha iad a’ toirt cothroim do dh’fhiosrachadh a bhith air a lìobhraigeadh tro mheadhan-dealain a tha an dà chuid luath agus cosg-èifeachdach
2 le. The essential additional demand between Level E and Standard Grade is achieved by means of enhanced difficulty in text and task, ruigear air na dh’fheumar a choileanadh a bharrachd, eadar Ìre E agus an Ìre Choitcheann, le duilgheadas nas motha ann an teacsa ’s ann an gnìomh. Ensure a structured development of pupils’ learning by means of a school-devised programme, leasachadh deasaichte a dhèanamh air ionnsachadh na cloinne le prògram a tha air a dhealbhadh anns an sgoil fhèin
by such means adv phr anns an dòigh sin. Readers and listeners are also aided in making predictions, in skimming and scanning, and by such means getting a rapid sense of the gist of any communication, gheibh luchd-leughaidh agus luchd-èisteachd cuideachadh ann a bhith ri fàisneachd, ri bàrr-leughadh agus ri grad-leughadh, agus iad anns an dòigh sin a’ faighinn tuigse gu h-ealamh air brìgh gach adhbhar-chonaltraidh
measure n 1 tomhas m, gen tomhais, pl tomhasan. A culture that valued the rearing of cattle as a measure of a person’s wealth, dualchas a bha a’ cur luach air a bhith ag àrach cruidh mar thomhas air beairteas neach
2 dòigh-obrach f, gen dòighe-obrach, pl dòighean-obrach. Hygiene measures adopted should be sufficient to prevent the spread of HIV, bu chòir gum bitheadh na dòighean-obrach slàinteachais a thèid a chur an gnìomh gu leòr gus casg a chur air HIV o bhith a’ sgaoileadh
3 ceum m, pl ceuman. We shall take all reasonable measures to ensure the safety and well-being of all members and leaders of the group, gabhaidh sinn gach ceum reusanta gus dèanamh cinnteach à sàbhailteachd is deagh chor buill is ceannardan na buidhne gu lèir
measure v tr 1 tomhais, vn tomhas m
2 dèan tomhas, vn dèanamh tomhais. This assists them in measuring its success, tha seo na chuideachadh dhaibh gus tomhas a dhèanamh air a h-èifeachd
measured a tomhaiste. A measured period, ùine thomhaiste
measurement n tomhas m, gen tomhais
measurement mod tomhais. They may use reading tests or other measurement devices, faodaidh iad deuchainnean leughaidh no innleachdan tomhais eile a chleachdadh
mechanic n meacanaig m, pl meacanaigean
mechanical a 1 (a) meacanaigeil
(b) meacanaigeach. Mechanical energy, lùth meacanaigeach
2 innealach. Mechanical energy, lùth innealach
mechanics n meacanaig m
mechanise v tr innealaich, vn innealachadh m
mechanised a innealaichte
medal n bonn-cuimhne m, gen & pl buinn-chuimhne
bronze medal n phr bonn m umha, gen & pl buinn umha
gold medal n phr bonn m òir, gen & pl buinn òir
silver medal n phr bonn m airgid, gen & pl buinn airgid
meddle v i
meddle with v phr bean ri, vn beantainn ri; or bean do, vn beantainn do
media n pl meadhanan. In the media, anns na meadhanan
mass media n phr, see sv mass n
media mod 1 nam meadhan Curricular dimensions such as media education, cùisean a’ chlàir-theagaisg mar tha foghlam nam meadhan. Such study might also form a basis for employment in the expanding range of media industries. Dh’fhaodadh a leithid seo de bheachdachadh a bhith na bunait airson dreuchd a ghabhail ann an gnìomhachais nam meadhan, a tha a’ sìor leudachadh. Media education should help pupils to understand how and where media messages are created, bu chòir do dh’oideachadh anns na meadhain clann a chuideachadh gus tuigse fhaighinn air ciamar a tha teachdaireachdan nam meadhan a’ tighinn am bith, agus càit a bheil seo a’ tachairt
2 anns na meadhain. Media education should help pupils to explore their own reactions to the mass media, bu chòir do dh’oideachadh anns na meadhain clann a chuideachadh gus rannsachadh a dhèanamh air mar a tha iad fhèin a’ gabhail ris na mòr mheadhain. Studying media representations of males and females will allow discussion of stereotyping and gender roles, bidh cothrom ann, le bhith a’ gabhail ealla ris mar a tha fireann agus boireann gan cur far comhair anns na meadhain, air beachdachadh air lèir-sheiseachadh agus air an àite a tha aig boireann agus fireann
3 mu na meadhain. It is not, however, the business of media education to choose one view at the expense of another, ach cha bhuin e do dh’oideachadh mu na meadhain a bhith a’ taghadh aon seallaidh ’s a’ cur sìos air fear eile
4 meadhain. Media texts are to be enjoyed for the pleasures they provide, tha còir cothrom a ghabhail air an toileachadh a gheibhear à teacsaichean-meadhain
media education n phr 1 foghlam nam meadhan. Curricular dimensions such as media education, cùisean a’ chlàir-theagaisg mar tha foghlam nam meadhan
2 oideachadh mu na meadhain. It is not, however, the business of media education to choose one view at the expense of another, ach cha bhuin e do dh’oideachadh mu na meadhain a bhith a’ taghadh aon seallaidh ’s a’ cur sìos air fear eile
3 oideachadh anns na meadhain
mediaeval a 1 meadhan-aoiseil. The mediaeval syllabic metre called Ochtfhoclach bec, a’ meadrachd lideach mheadhan-aoiseil air an robh Ochtfhoclach bec
2 sna meadhan-aoisean. The mediaeval landscape, dreach na tìre sna meadhan-aoisean
medial a meadhanach. Medial moraine, morain mheadhanach
medical a 1 eòlais-leighis. Medical research, sgrùdadh eòlais-leighis
2 meidigeach. Medical, cultural and dietary needs will be met, thèid coinneachadh ri feuman meidigeach, culturail agus a thaobh riaghailt-bidhe. I give permission for my child to be treated in the event of a medical emergency, tha mi a’ toirt cead gum faigh an neach-cloinne agam gabhail aice/aige ma bhitheas suidheachadh-èiginn meidigeach ann. Medical evidence, fianais mheidigeach
medicine n 1 eòlas-leighis m, gen eòlais-leighis. She is studying medicine, tha i a’ foghlam eòlais-leighis
2 (a) cungaidh f, pl cungaidhean. What medicine does she take? dè a’ chungaidh a tha i a’ gabhail? All medecines must at all times be stored in their original containers, feumar cungaidhean air fad a stòradh daonnan anns na bocais-stòraidh thùsail aca
(b) ìocshlaint, f ìocshlaintean. Coal can be used to make things such as plastic, medicines and soap, bithear a’ cleachdadh guail gus rudan a dhèanamh mar phlastaig, ìocshlaintean agus shiabann
medieval a, see mediaeval a
meditate v i beachd-smuainich, vn beachd-smuaineachadh m
meditation n 1 beachd-smuaineachadh m, gen beachd-smuaineachaidh
2 meomhrachadh m, gen meomhrachaidh
medium n 1 meadhan m, gen meadhain, pl meadhanan. Gaelic should be the predominant teaching medium, ’s i a’ ghàidhlig a bu chòir a bhith na prìomh mheadhan teagaisg. Drama provides a medium for the active exploration of areas of complex meaning, tha dràma na mheadhan air a bhith a’ dian-rannsachadh raointean de thuigse ioma-fhillte. Through a variety of media, ann an caochladh mheadhan
2 modh m, gen modha, pl modhannan. Pupils will demonstrate a response to their listening in a variety of media, bidh a’ chlann a’ nochdadh freagairt do an cuid èisteachd ann an caochladh mhodhannan
3 not expressed. And that they be explored through the medium of gaelic, agus gu bheil iad air an rannsachadh tron Ghàidhlig
medium mod expressed with tro. Gaelic medium education, foghlam tro Ghàidhlig.
meek a macanta
meet v tr 1 coilean, vn coileanadh. Of using the process to meet their own needs as learners, a’ cleachdadh sin gus am feumalachdan fhèin mar luchd-ionnsachaidh a choileanadh. Understanding what is required of them enables pupils to focus their minds on how to meet it, tha tuigse air na thàtar a’ sùileachadh orra a’ toirt cothroim don chloinn an inntinn a leagail air mar a choileanas iad sin. Language activities and approaches designed to meet special educational needs will vary according to the particular requirements of pupils, bithear a’ cleachdadh caochladh sheòrsachan ghnìomhan agus mhodhan-teagaisg gus feuman foghlaim shònraichte a choileanadh, agus sin a rèir nam feuman fa leth aig cloinn. Pupils will show confidence in meeting the language requirements of Level E, bidh a’ chlann a’ nochdadh misnich ann a bhith a’ coileanadh feuman cànain Ìre E. In meeting special educational needs, ann a bhith a’ coileanadh feuman-foghlaim sònraichte
2 coinnich ri, vn coinneachadh ri. “Question mark” will be discussed as it is met in pupils’ reading, bithear a’ beachdachadh air “comharradh-ceiste” mar a bhithear a’ coinneachadh ris ann an leughadh na cloinne
3 gabh ri, vn gabhail ri. There may be a constraint of time to be met, ’s dòcha gum feumar gabhail ri gainne ùine. In meeting the needs of pupils, ann a bhith a’ gabhail ri feuman chloinne
4 gabh a-staigh, vn gabhail a-staigh. To meet individual needs, gus feuman gach pàiste a ghabhail a-staigh
5 ruig, vn ruighinn f. All equipment should reach high standards of hygiene and cleanliness, is còir don uidheamachd air fad ìre àrd a ruighinn a thaobh slàinteachais agus glàine
to meet v phr expressed with an coinneimh (plus gen). I came out to meet them, thàinig mi a-mach nan coinneimh
meeting n coinneamh f, gen coinneimh, pl coinneamhan
megalitre n meagailiotair m, pl meagailiotairean
megaphone n fuaimeadair m, pl fuaimeadairean
meiosis (rhetoric) n lùghdachas m, gen lùghdachais
meiosis (cell division) n meiòsis m
melanin n melanin m
melodious a binn, comp binne
melody n binneas m, gen binneis
melt v tr & i leagh, vn leaghadh m. When the glacier was melting, nuair a bha an t-eigh-shruth a’ leaghadh
melting a is (agus) plus pron plus a’ leaghadh. The moraines formed by the melting glaciers are particularly evident in this area, tha na morainean a dh’fhàg na h-eigh-shruthan is iad a’ leaghadh gu h-àraidh follaiseach mun seo
melting point n phr ìre f leaghaidh
meltwater n bùrn-aiteimh m, gen bùirn-aiteimh
• uisge-aiteimh m, gen uisge-aiteimh
member n 1 (a) ball m, gen & pl buill. As a member of a family of Celtic languages, mar bhall de theaghlach nan cànan Ceilteach
(b) (i) expressed with ball m na buidhne, pl buill na buidhne. How members should respond by taking their turn, mar as còir do bhuill na buidhne cumail ris an òrdugh cheart
(ii) expressed with ball den bhuidhinn. The teacher’s role is that of participant member, ’s e àite an tidseir a bhith a’ gabhail pàirt mar bhall den bhuidhinn
2 neach m. Any staff member who contracts a persistant cough must withdraw from work, ma thogas neach sam bith den luchd-obrach casad leanailteach feumaidh i/e tarraing a-mach às a cuid/chuid obrach
3 pl expressed with feadhainn f. Older members of the community, an fheadhainn as sine anns a’ choimhearsnachd
Member of Parliament n phr Ball m Pàrlamaid, gen & pl Buill Phàrlamaid
membership n ballrachd f
membrane n meamran m, gen meamrain, pl meamranan. Filtration membrane, meamran sìolaidh. A membrane filter, sìolachan meamrain
memorial n
memorial mod cuimhne. A memorial stone, clach-chuimhne. A memorial pillar with a long inscription, carragh-chuimhne le sgrìobhadh-gràbhalaidh fada oirre
memory n 1 cuimhne f
2 expressed with nì m air a bheil cuimhne aig, pl nithean etc. The teacher may construct a text from their shared experiences or memories, faodaidh an tidsear teacsa a chur ri chèile às na fiosrachaidhean a cho-phàirtich iad ri chèile no às na nithean air a bheil cuimhne aca
mention v tr 1 ainmich, vn ainmeachadh
2 thoir tarraing air, vn toirt f tarraing air. These can now be mentioned in discussion of what pupils have written, faodar a-nis tarraing a thoirt orra seo ann am beachdachadh air na tha a’ chlann air a sgrìobhadh
3 luaidh air, vn luaidh air
menhir n carragh m, gen carraigh, pl carraighean
menu n clàr-bidhe m, gen clàir-bhidhe, pl clàir-bhidhe, clàran-bidhe
merchandise n bathar m, gen bathair
merciless a an-iochdmhor, comp an-iochdmhoire
mercilessness n an-iochdmhorachd f
mercury n 1 (chemistry) bichearb m, gen bichirb
2 (familiar) airgead-beò m, gen airgid-bheò
mere a
merely adv a-mhàin. They should be encouraged, once into a text, not merely to identify its basic type, bu chòir am misneachadh aon uair ’s gu bheil iad am bogadh anns an teacsa chan ann a-mhàin gus aithneachadh dè an seòrsa a tha ann
meridian n 1 meadhan-loidhne f, pl meadhan-loidhneachan
2 meridian m. Greenwich meridian, meridian Greenwich
merriment n aighear m, gen aighir
merry a aighearach, comp aighearaich
mesh n mogall m, gen & pl mogaill
mess n bùrach m, gen bùraich
message n 1 teachdaireachd f, pl teachdaireachdan. The text may be, for example, a poem, an illustrated page from a children’s book, or a spoken message, mar eisimpleirean de theacsaichean tha dàn, duilleag le dealbh bho leabhar chloinne, no teachdaireachd bheòil. Pupils will be encouraged to sit comfortably and quietly so that they can pick up the message, bi a’ chlann air am misneachadh gu suidhe gu cofhartail agus gu socair, gu aghaidh a chur air an àite às a bheil an teachdaireachd a’ tighinn ’s gun a bhith a’ cur casg. Pupils will listen to messages or narratives, bidh a’ chlann ag èisteachd ri teachdaireachdan no ri cunntasan. A better understanding of texts, the nature of the messages they convey and how their information should be interpreted, eòlas nas fheàrr air teacsaichean fhèin, air nàdar na teachdaireachd a tha iad a’ cur an cèill, agus mar bu chòir breithneachadh air an fhiosrachadh a tha annta. Media education should help pupils to understand how and where media messages are created, bu chòir do dh’oideachadh anns na meadhain clann a chuideachadh gus tuigse fhaighinn air ciamar a tha teachdaireachdan nam meadhan a’ tighinn am bith, agus càit a bheil seo a’ tachairt
2 fios m, pl fiosan. The teacher will devise short messages and other functional listening tasks, bidh an neach-teagaisg a’ dealbhachadh fiosan goirid agus gnìomhan èisteachd eile
3 not expressed. The genre of oral messages is often revealed as much by intonation as by the words themselves, tha gnè labhairt gu tric ga foillseachadh le fuaimneachadh cainnte agus chan ann a-mhàin leis na faclan fhèin
message-giving n expressed with thoir teachdaireachd. The teacher will make explicit and exemplify the process of message-giving, bidh an tidsear a’ mìneachadh gu soilleir le eisimpleirean dè as ciall do bhith a’ toirt teachdaireachd
messenger n teachdaire m. So that the messenger has to take more account of the possible reactions of the listeners, agus mar sin feumaidh an teachdaire barrachd aire a thoirt do mar a dh’fhaodadh an luchd-èisteachd gabhail ris an teachdaireachd
metabolic a meatabalachd. Metabolic rate, luathas meatabalachd
metabolism n meatabalachd f
metal n meatailt f, pl meatailtean
metamorphic a 1 cruth-caochlach. Metamorphic rock, creag chruth-chaochlach
• cruth-atharrachail. Metamorphic rock, creag chruth-atharrachail
2 meatamorfach
metamorphism n (geology) 1 cruth-chaochladh m, gen cruth-chaochlaidh
2 meatamorfachas m, gen meatamorfachais
metamorphosis n 1 cruth-atharrachadh m, gen cruth-atharrachaidh
2 meatamorfosais m
metaphor n meatafor m, gen meatafoir. Simile and metaphor will be used in the study of imagery within texts, cleachdar samhla agus meatafor ann am beachdachadh air ìomhaigheachd ann an teacsaichean. They should expect vivid pictures to be painted by means of comparisons (in simile and metaphor), bu chòir dùil a bhith aca gum bi dealbhan beòthail gan cruthachadh tro shamhla agus tro mheatafor. Mixed metaphor, meatafor measgte
metathesis n eadar-chàradh m, gen eadar-chàraidh, pl eadar-chàraidhean. “Ceund” comes by elision from “ceunda”, which itself came by metathesis from “ceudna”, tha “ceund” a’ tighinn le bàthadh bho “ceunda”, riochd a thàinig e fhèin tro eadar-chàradh bho “ceudna”
meteor n 1 dreag f, gen dreige, pl dreagan
2 salchar-rionnaig m, gen & pl salchair-rionnag
meteorite n 1 (geology) dreigit f
• dreagait f, pl dreagaitean
2 (familiar)dreag f, gen dreige, pl dreagan
meteoroid n dreag f, gen dreige, pl dreagan
meteorological a eòlais-shìde. The Meteorological Office, Oifis an Eòlais-shìde, Oifis na Sìde
meteorologist n eòlaiche-sìde m, pl eòlaichean-sìde
meteorology n eòlas-sìde m, gen eòlais-shìde
meter n 1 inneal-tomhais m, gen inneil-thomhais, pl innealan-tomhais
2 meatair m, pl meatairean. Water meter, meatair uisge
method n 1 dòigh f, pl dòighean. Teachers will make use of a variety of methods, cleachdaidh tidsearan caochladh dhòighean. This section deals specifically and briefly with methods of planning assessment in language, tha an earrann seo a’ buntainn gu sònraichte ann am beagan bhriathran ri dòighean air a bhith a’ deasachadh measaidh air cànain
2 dòigh-theagaisg f, pl dòighean-teagaisg. In older textbooks and methods, anns na seann leabhraichean agus leis na seann dòighean-teagaisg
3 modh m, pl modhan. The school should decide on one method of teaching pupils to deal with mistakes, tha còir aig an sgoil suidheachadh air aon mhodh air clann a theagasg ach mar a dhèiligeas iad ri mearachdan
methodology n 1 expressed with dòighean-teagaisg f pl. which can usually be overcome by an appropriate methodology, gheibhear thairis orra sin mar as trice le dòighean-teagaisg freagarrach. But they may well offer information to allow methodologies to be rethought, ach faodaidh iad air a shon sin fiosrachadh a thoirt seachad a bheir cothrom ath-bhreithneachadh air dòighean-teagaisg
2 expressed with dòighean. Teaching materials based on modern communicative methodology, stuthan teagaisg air am bonntachadh air dòighean conaltraidh an latha an diugh
metonomy n meatanomaidh m
metre (prosody) n meadrachd f, pl meadrachdan. Strophic metre, meadrachd stròfach. This song is in strophic metre, ’s e meadrachd stròfach a tha air an òran seo. This unstressed rhyme sometimes survives in more modern metres, tha an comhardadh gun chudthrom a tha seo uaireannan a’ mairsinn ann am meadrachdan a tha nas nuadh-aimsireile. This song has the same type of amhran metre as two other of the bard’s songs, tha an aon ghnè de mheadrachd amhrain air an òran seo ’s a tha air a dhà eile de chuid òran a’ bhàird
metre n (length) meatair m, pl meatairean. Half metre, leth meatair. Metre stick, maide meatair
metric a meatrach, comp meatraiche
metrical a meadrachail. Metrical phonology, fòin-eòlas meadrachail. Metrical feet, troighean meadrachail
metronome n meatranom m, gen meatranoim, pl meatranoman
metropolis n àrd-bhaile m, gen àrd-bhailtean
microbe n bitheag f, gen bitheig, pl bitheagan
microcomputer n mion-choimpiutar m. The microcomputer can be a valuable aid, faodaidh am mion-choimpiutar a bhith na chuideachadh air leth
microcomputing a mion-choimpiutaireachd. Microcomputing facilities, goireasan mion-choimpiutaireachd
micro-filtration n miocro-shìoladh m, gen miocro-shìolaidh
micro-organism a miocro-fhàs-bheairt f, pl miocro-fhàs-bheairtean
micropollutant n miocro-stuth-truaillidh m, pl miocro-stuthan-truaillidh
microscope n miocroscop m, gen miocroscoip, pl miocroscopan
microscopic a 1 miocroscopach
2 bìdeach, fìor bhìdeach
micro substance n miocro-stuth m, pl miocro-stuthan. Pollution due to abnormally high numbers of micro substances, truaillidheachd mar thoradh air àireamh tuilleadh is àrd de mhiocro-stuthan
middle n meadhan m, gen meadhain. By looking at beginnings, middles and endings, le bhith a’ coimhead air toiseach, meadhan agus deireadh
into the middle of prep phr a mheasg (plus gen)
middle a 1 meadhain. In the middle and upper ranges of the 5-14 year group, aig an aois mheadhain agus an aois as àirde anns a’ bhuidhinn 5-14
2 (grammar) fèineach. Middle voice, guth fèineach
Middle Ages n phr Meadhan-aoisean f pl
Middle East n phr an Ear Mheadhanach
middle order a phr meadhan-ìre. Middle order services, seirbheisean meadhan-ìre
might v aux, see sv may v aux
migration n imrich f, pl imrichean
migratory a 1 falbhainn. Migratory legend, faoin-sgeul falbhainn
2 imrich. A migratory bird, eun imrich
milch-cow n bò-bhainne f, gen bà-bainne, pl bà-bainne, pl gen bò-bainne; pl also crodh-bainne m, gen cruidh-bhainne
mild a 1 (climate) tlàth, comp tlàithe. A mild climate, clìomaid thlàth
2 (weather) blàth, comp blàithe. A mild day, latha blàth
milibar n mileabar m, pl mileabaran
militancy n mìleantachd f
militant a mìleantach, comp mìleantaiche. Some of them were more militant, bha cuid dhiubh na bu mhìleantaiche
military a armailteach
milk n bainne m
skimmed milk n phr bainne m lom, gen bainne luim
milk v tr 1 bleoghainn, vn bleoghann f
2 bligh
milking machine n phr inneal-bleoghainn m, gen inneil-bhleoghainn, pl innealan-bleoghainn
milkmaid n 1 banarach f, gen banaraich, pl banaraichean
2 banchag f, gen banchaig, pl banchagan
milky a bainneach
mill n muileann m & f, gen muilinn, pl muilnean, muileannan
millet n mileat m, gen mileit
millibar n milleabar m, gen milleabair, pl milleabaran
millilitre n milleliotair m, pl milleliotairean
million n millean m, gen millein, pl milleanan
millionth a milleanamh
mime n 1 atharrais f. Such as gesture, mime and pictures, mar tha gluasad-bodhaig, atharrais agus dealbhan
2 mìm m. Reflection can be encouraged through mime, faodar cnuasachadh a mhisneachadh tro mhìm. By examining situations in mime, movement and performance, ann a bhith a’ rannsachadh shuidhichidhean ann am mìm, ann an gluasad agus ann an gabhail pàirt
mimic v tr atharrais, vn atharrais f
mimicry n 1 atharrais f
2 aithris-bheulain f
Minch pr n 1 an Cuan Leòdhasach, gen a’ Chuain Leòdhasaich
2 a’ Mhaoil f, gen na Maoile
Little Minch n phr an Cuan Sgithe, gen a’ Chuain Sgithe
mind n inntinn f, pl inntinnean. When their minds have been caught, an uair a ghabhar greim air na h-inntinnean aca. Understanding what is required of them enables pupils to focus their minds on how to meet it, tha tuigse air na thàtar a’ sùileachadh orra a’ toirt cothroim don chloinn an inntinn a leagail air mar a choileanas iad sin
mind v tr expressed with cuir dragh air, vn cur dragh air. She did not mind the days when it rained, cha robh na làithean le uisge a’ cur dragh oirre
mine n mèinn f, gen mèinne, pl mèinnean
mine head n phr beul m mèinne, gen & pl beòil mhèinne. Mine head gear, acfhainn bheòil mhèinne
mine v tr mèinn, vn mèinneadh m. How else can coal be mined? dè na dòighean eile air gual a mhèinneadh?
mining n mèinnearachd f. Opencast mining, mèinnearachd fhosgailte. Mining is a dangerous job, ’s e obair chunnartach a tha anns a’ mhèinnearachd
miner n 1 mèinneadair m, pl mèinneadairean. The miners are lowered down the shaft in a lift, thèid na mèinneadairean a leigeil sìos an toll ann an àrdaichear
mineral n mèinnear m, gen mèinneir, pl mèinnearan. Gemstones and minerals, seudan agus mèinnearan
mineral mod mèinnearach. Mineral fragments, gràineanan mèinnearach
mini-bus n mion-bhus m, pl mion-bhusaichean. All transport used, including mini-buses, should have forward-facing seats with seat-belts fitted, a thaobh gach seòrsa còmhdhalach a thèid a chur am feum, agus sin a’ gabhail a-staigh mhion-bhusaichean, is còir gum bitheadh suidheachain a tha a’ coimhead chon an toisich air fad aca le criosan-sàbhalaidh air an cur a-steach
minimise v tr lùghdaich, vn lùghdachadh m. In order to minimise risk to children, gus cunnart do chloinn a lùghdachadh. Plan the work of the organisation so as to minimise situations where the abuse of children may occur, socraich obair na buidhne air dhòigh a lùghdaicheas suidhichidhean far am faodadh droch-dhìol cloinne tachairt
minimum n expressed with air a char as lugha. Whatever the size of the group there must be a minimum of two adults present at all times, ge be air bith dè am meud a bhitheas aig a’ bhuidhinn feumaidh dà inbheach air a’ char as lugha a bhith daonnan an làthair
minimum a 1 air a’ char as lugha or air a’ char bu lugha; aig a’ char as lugha. Guidance concerning the minimum time allocation for Language, an stiùireadh a tha ann cheana mun chuibhrinn ùine a dh’fheumar a thoirt do chànain air a’ char as lugha. The Council proposed a minimum time allocation of 20% for language and communication, thug a’ Chomhairle mun aire gum bu chòir 20% den ùine air a’ char bu lugha a chur mu choinneamh cànain is conaltraidh. Most strands have attached to them statements of minimum competency, an cois na mòrchodach de na h-iallan tha iomraidhean air comasan aig a’ char as lugha
2 expressed with iomchaidh. The Education Department suggested a minimum time allocation in the primary school of 15% for language, thog Roinn an Fhoghlaim gum biodh 15% na chuibhrinn iomchaidh do chànain anns a’ bhunsgoil
minimum thermometer n phr teas-mheidh teothachd-ìosail
minimum wage n phr expressed with tuarastal m stèidhte, gen tuarastail stèidhte
minor a beag
minor road n phr rathad m beag, gen rathaid bhig, pl ròidean beaga
minority n mion-chuid f, gen mion-chodach, pl mion-chodaichean. They are in the minority, tha iad anns a’ mhion-chuid
• beag-chuid f, gen beag-chodach, pl beag-chodaichean
minority language, mion-chànain f, pl mion-chànainean. One of a large number of minority European languages, aon de dh’àireamh mhòr mhion-chànanan na h-Eòrpa
minstrel n oirfideach m, gen & pl oirfidich
minus prep minus
minute n mionaid f, pl mionaidean
minute hand n phr 1 spòg f mhionaid, gen spòige mhionaid, pl spògan mhionaid
2 spòg f mhòr, gen spòige mòire, pl spògan mòra
minute a bìodach. Minute calcareous shells, sligean bìodach cailcreach
mirror n sgàthan m, gen & pl sgàthain
mirror v tr expressed with comharraich, vn comharrachadh. It will mirror the diversity of the area the school serves, bidh i a’ comharrachadh cho iomachruthach ’s a tha coimhearsnachd na sgoile
misbehave v i bi ri droch-ghiùlan. Children who misbehave will be taken aside and the playleader will explain why such behaviour is unacceptable, thèid clann a bhitheas ri droch-ghiùlan a thoirt an dara taobh agus mìnichidh an neach-stiùiridh carson nach tèid gabhail ris a leithid a ghiùlan
miscellaneous a 1 measgaichte
2 expressed with measgachadh m, gen measgachaidh. Miscellaneous items, measgachadh nithean
miscellany n measgachadh m, gen measgachaidh
mischief n aimhleas m, gen aimhleis
mischievous a aimhleasach, comp aimhleasaiche
mischievousness n aimhleasachd f
miscible a so-mheasgachaidh. Miscible liquids, lionnaichean so-mheasgachaidh. Miscible in all proportions, so-mheasgachaidh anns gach co-roinn
miscue a expressed with air iomrallan. They may use miscue analysis procedures in reading, faodaidh iad dòighean sgrùdaidh air iomrallan a chleachdadh ann an leughadh
misfit n
misfit stream n phr allt m mì-oireamhnach, gen uillt mhì-oireamhnaich, pl uillt mhì-oireamhnach
• allt m neo-chuimseach, gen uillt neo-chuimsich, pl uillt neo-chuimseach
miss v tr expressed with neg plus faigh lorg, vn neg plus faighinn luirge. He brought to me the sheep I had missed, thug e thugam a’ chaora air nach d’fhuair mi lorg
missile n urchair f, gen urchrach, pl urchraichean
mist n ceò m & f, gen 1 ceò, ceotha, pl ceothannan
2 ceathach m, gen ceathaich
mistake n 1 mearachd f, pl mearachdan. One method of teaching pupils to deal with mistakes, aon mhodh air clann a theagasg ach mar a dhèiligeas iad ri mearachdan
2 iomrall m, gen & pl iomraill
mistress n bana-mhaighistir f, pl bana-mhaighistirean
misuse n 1 mì-fheum m. In case they make misuse of it, air eagal gun dèan iad mì-fheum dheth
mix v tr 1 measgaich, vn measgachadh m
2 bi a’ cothlamadh. Different genres are also mixed together for particular effects, bithear cuideachd a’ cothlamadh diofar sheòrsachan gnè ri chèile gus buadhan sònraichte a thoirt gu buil
mixed a measgaichte. Mixed numbers, àireamhan measgaichte. Mixed wood, coille mheasgaichte. Mixed farming, tuathanachas measgaichte. Most classes are mixed ability, tha a’ chuid mhòr de chlasaichean de chomas measgaichte
mix up v phr dèan measgadh eadar, vn dèanamh measgaidh eadar. In his book he mixed up these two men, na leabhar rinn e measgadh eadar an dithis dhaoine seo
become mixed up v phr expressed with rach an lùib a chèile, vn dol an lùib a chèile
mixture n measgachadh m, gen measgachaidh, pl measgachaidhean. The predominant vegetation on the slopes and hills is a mixture of heather and coarse grasses, ’s e an lusrach as cumanta air na sliosan agus air na mill ach measgachadh de fhraoch agus de sheòrsachan garbha de dh’fheur
mobile (decoration) n gluaiseachan m, gen & pl gluaiseachain
mobile a
mobile home n phr taigh-gluasaid m, gen taighe-ghluasaid, pl taighean-gluasaid
mobile services n phr seirbheisean-siubhail f pl
mobility n gluasad m. Facial mobility, gluasad aodainn
modal a mòdail. Modal logic, loidig mhòdail. Modal particle, mìrean mòdail. Modal system, siostam mòdail. Modal verb, gnìomhair mòdail
modality n mòdaileachd f
mode n modh m. Available across all curricular areas and modes, a tha ri fhaotainn feadh gach raoin agus gach modh den chlàr-theagaisg. Adapt their mode of listening to their intention in listening, a bhith a’ ceangal ri chèile modh èisteachd agus na tha san amharc aca ann a bhith ag èisteachd
model n 1 eisimpleir m, pl eisimpleirean. The teacher will be a model by reading aloud often, bidh an tidsear fhèin na eisimpleir le bhith a’ leughadh a-mach gu tric. The teacher will provide an important model for the pupils, bidh an tidsear a’ toirt eisimpleir chudthromaich don chloinn. Pupils will benefit from working with real models of effective Gaelic, bithidh e feumail don chloinn a bhith ag obair le eisimpleirean dligheach de Ghàidhlig dhòigheil. The models of speech provided by the teacher in talking to pupils, na h-eisimpleirean-labhairt a tha an tidsear a’ cur fa chomhair na cloinne an uair a tha e a’ bruidhinn riutha. Pupils will explore through wide reading a variety of models of stylistic techniques, bidh a’ chlann a’ rannsachadh tro leughadh farsaing caochladh eisimpleirean de dhòighean stoighle
2 modail f, pl modailean. Make a model of a coal mine, dèan modail de mhèinn ghuail. While involved in making models, puppetry, etc., fhad ’s a tha iad an sàs a’ dèanamh mhodailean, ag obair le fir-fuadain agus mar sin
3 ball-sampail m, pl buill-sampail. The teacher will provide good models of reading, bheir an tidsear dhaibh deagh bhuill-sampail de leughadh
model v tr 1 thoir eisimpleir seachad, vn toirt eisimpleir seachad. They should model good reading habits, tha còir aca eisimpleir a thoirt seachad air deagh chleachdaidhean leughaidh
2 expressed with le eisimpleir. Beginners will repeat new language as modelled by the teacher, bidh luchd-tòiseachaidh ag atharrais càinnt ùir le eisimpleir on tidsear
modelling n 1 expressed with eisimpleirean. It should feature a lot of encouragement and modelling of good practice, bu chòir mòran misneachaidh agus eisimpleirean de chleachdadh dòigheil a bhith mar phàirt dheth sin
2 expressed with a’ toirt eisimpleir. Teacher modelling of words and phrases, an tidsear a’ toirt eisimpleir le faclan ’s abairtean
modelling clay n phr crèadh-dheilbhidh f
modem n modam m, gen modaim, pl modaman
moderate a 1 stuama
2 cuimseach, comp cuimsich. Moderate breeze, oiteag chuimseach. Pupils with moderate learning difficulties, clann le duilgheadasan ionnsachaidh cuimseach
moderator n (ecclesiastical) moderàtor m, pl moderàtoran. A report written by three previous moderators, aithisg a chaidh a sgrìobhadh le triùir a bha ron seo nam moderàtor
modern a 1 an latha an diugh; anns/às an latha an diugh. Modern theatre groups should be welcomed to the school, bu chòir buidhnean-dràma an latha an-diugh fhàilteachadh san sgoil. Teaching materials based on modern communicative methodology, stuthan teagaisg air am bonntachadh air dòighean conaltraidh an latha an diugh. Projection of a lively, modern image of Gaelic, foillseachadh air ìomhaigh bheothail na Gàidhlig anns an latha an diugh. They will be able to read the words of familiar modern songs and poems, bidh comas aca air na faclan aig òrain agus dàin air a bheil iad eòlach às an latha an diugh a leughadh
2 ùr-fhasanta. Views of the world which are determined by non-Gaelic concerns and which, for some children, seem more “modern” and therefore more attractive, seallaidhean den t-saoghal a tha air am bonntachadh air nithean nach buin don Ghàidhlig agus a tha ann an sealladh cuid de chloinn nas “ùr-fhasanta” agus mar sin nas tarraingiche
3 nuadh-aimsireil. It is likely that this unstressed rhyme came from the mediaeval metre Ochtfhoclach bec, and that it sometimes survives in more modern metres, tha e coltach gun tànaig an comhardadh gun chudthrom a tha seo bhon mheadrachd mheadhan-aoiseil Ochtfhoclach bec, agus gu bheil e uaireannan a’ mairsinn ann am meadrachdan a tha nas nuadh-aimsireile
modern poetry n phr 1 bàrdachd f anns an nòs ùr
2 nuadh-bhàrdachd f
modest a 1 beusach, comp beusaiche
2 banail, comp banaile
modifier n (grammar) mion-atharraiche m, pl mion-atharraichean
modify v tr mion-atharraich, vn mion-atharrachadh m
moist a 1 tais, comp taise
2 bog, comp buige
moisten v tr taisich, vn taiseachadh m
moisture n taiseachd f
mole n (on skin) ball-dòbhrain m, gen & pl buill-dhòbhrain
molecule n moileiciuil f, pl moileiciuilean
moment n 1 tiotadh m, gen tiotaidh, pl tiotaidhean; also tiota m, pl tiotan. It won’t be a moment drying at the fire, cha bhi e tiotadh a’ tiormachadh aig an teine
2 tiotan m, gen tiotain, pl tiotain, tiotanan; also tiotag f, gen tiotaig, pl tiotagan
monastery n manachainn f, pl manachainnean
money n airgead m, gen airgid. Pupils will understand statements and questions about money, work and possessions, bidh a’ chlann a’ tuigsinn ràdhan agus ceistean mu airgead, obair agus stòras
moneyed a airgeadach. He came of moneyed people, thàinig e de dhaoine airgeadach
Mongolia pr n Mongòilia f
Mongolian pr n 1 Mongoileach m, gen & pl Mongoilich
2 (language) Mongoilis f
monitor v tr 1 cùm sùil air. Contexts which will give opportunities to monitor, or more formally assess, the progress of individual pupils, suidhichidhean a bhitheas a’ toirt cothroim gus sùil a chumail air adhartas chloinne fa leth, no gus sin a mheasadh nas foirmeile. This enables teacher and pupil to monitor progress in terms they both understand, tha seo a’ toirt cothroim don tidsear agus don phàisde sùil a chumail air adhartas ann an dòigh a thuigeas iad le chèile
2 sgrùd, vn sgrùdadh. How pupils’ attainment should be monitored, mar a bhitheadh adhartas na cloinne air a sgrùdadh
monkfish n, see 1 anglerfish n
2 angel-fish n
monochrome a aon-dath; aon-dathach
monoculture n 1 tuathanachas m singilte, gen tuathanachais shingilte
2 (a) aon-àiteachas m, gen aon-àiteachais
(b) pòr m aon-àiteachais, gen pòir aon-àiteachais, pl pòran aon-àiteachais
monoculture mod aon-àiteachais. Monoculture system, siostam aon-àiteachais
monolith n 1 carragh f, gen carraigh, pl carraighean
2 monailiot m, pl monailiotan
monologue n monalog f, gen monaloig, pl monalogan
monophthong n aon-fhoghair m, pl aon-fhoghairean
monoplane n monaiplèan f, pl monaiplèanaichean
monopoly n lèir-shealbhachd f. The Monopolies’ Commission, Coimisean na Lèir-shealbhachd
monosyllabic a aona-lideach. Adjectives (monosyllabic or disyllabic) are commonly in the comparative degree after “cho” in this dialect, bidh buadhair (aona-lideach no dà-lideach) gu cumanta anns an ìre choimeasaich an dèidh “cho” san dualchainnt seo
monosyllable n aona-lide m, pl aona-lidean
monsoon n monsùn m, gen monsùin, pl monsùnan
monster n uilebheist f, pl uilebheistean
Montague grammar n phr gràmar m Montague, gen gràmair Montague
month n mìos m & f, gen mìosa, pl mìosan
next month adv phr an ath-mhìos
monthly n mìosachan m, gen & pl mìosachain
monthly a mìosail
monument n carragh-chuimhne f, gen carraigh-cuimhne, pl carraighean-cuimhne
mood n 1 expressed with fonn m. Pupils will have chances to explore characters, their feelings and their moods, bidh cothroman aig a’ chloinn rannsachadh a dhèanamh air pearsachan, air am faireachdainnean agus air an fhonn anns a bheil iad
2 spiorad m. They should expect to feel the mood of the poem in its rhythm, bu chòir dùil a bhith aca gum fairich iad spiorad an dàin anns an ruitheam aige
3 suidheachadh-inntinn m, gen suidheachaidh-inntinn. Sentence structures can be discussed in terms of how they create meaning, mood and atmosphere, faodar beachdachadh air cumaidhean sheantansan a thaobh ’s mar a tha iad a’ cruthachadh brìgh, suidheachadh-inntinn agus “àile”
4 (grammar) modh m, pl modhan. Hortative mood, modh earalach. Imperative mood, modh àithneach. Indicative mood, modh taisbeanach. Optative mood, modh roghainneil. Subjunctive mood, modh eisimeileach
moor n 1 monadh m, gen monaidh, pl monaidhnean
2 mòinteach f, gen mòintich, pl mòintichean
3 aonach m, gen aonaich, pl aonaichean
moor-grass, purple n (Molinia caerulea) sliabh m, gen slèibhe
moraine n morain f, pl morainean. The mounds are formed from material that was dumped in these moraines as the glacier melted, tha na tomannan air an dèanamh de stuth a chaidh fhàgail na dhùn anns na morainean seo nuair a bha an t-eigh-shruth a’ leaghadh
ground moraine n phr morain f ghrunnda, gen morain grunnda, pl morainean grunnda
lateral moraine n phr moraine f thaobhach, gen morain taobhaich, pl morainean taobhach
medial moraine n phr morain f mheadhanach, gen moraine meadhanaich, pl morainean meadhanach
terminal moraine, end moraine n phr morain f chrìche, gen morain crìche, pl morainean crìche. Evidence for the halt of the glacier can be seen in the form of a remarkably continuous end-moraine, gheibhear dearbhadh air mar a stad an eigh-shruth ann am morain-chrìche a tha gu sònraichte leantainneach
moraine mod 1 moraine. Moraine features, feartan moraine
2 a tha anns a’ mhorain. The unsorted nature of the moraine material can be easily seen, chithear gu furasta nàdar neo-sheòrsaichte an stuth a tha anns a’ mhoraine
moral n beus f, gen beusa, pl beusan
moral a 1 moralta. Including intellectual, emotional, aesthetic and moral development, agus sin a gabhail a-staigh fàs ann an tuigse, ann am faireachadh, ann am mothachadh na bòidhchid, agus ann an leasachadh moralta
2 beusach
moral education n phr foghlam m moralta, gen foghlaim mhoralta. All the outcomes of religious and moral education will be taught through Gaelic, is ann tro Ghàidhlig a bhithear a’ teagasg na tha a’ sruthadh à foghlam spioradail agus moralta
more n expressed with a bharrachd. Many pupils should in practice achieve much more, tha còir gun coileanadh mòran chloinne cus a bharrachd
more a 1 expressed with barrachd (plus gen). More emphasis should be given to effective communication than to formal accuracy, bu chòir barrachd àite thoirt do chonaltradh buadhmhor na do chòmhradh a tha foirmeil agus ceart The messenger has to take more account of the possible reactions of the listeners, feumaidh an teachdaire barrachd aire a thoirt do mar a dh’fhaodadh an luchd-èisteachd gabhail ris an teachdaireachd. Speech will be fuller and more varied than at Beginner level, bidh am barrachd comas-labhairt aca, agus sin de barrachd sheòrsachan, na bha aca aig a’ Bhun Ìre
2 am barrachd (plus gen). Messages and tasks will contain more information, bidh am barrachd fiosrachaidh anns na fiosan agus na gnìomhan
more in comp of adjective 1 expressed with comp form of a. Each target demanding more complex knowledge, gach cuimse ag iarraidh eòlais nas iom-fhillte. At other, more important times, aig amannan eile, a tha nas cudthromaiche. As texts become more complex, mar as ioma-fhillte a tha teacsaichean a’ fàs
2 expressed with cus. The process is more complex, ’s e tha ann gnothach a tha cus nas ioma-chùisiche
3 expressed with barrachd (plus gen). There will be a corresponding need for listeners to be more aware of purposes, an co-cheangal ri seo feumaidh luchd-èisteachd barrachd mothachaidh a bhith aca air adhbhair. Talking will become more structured, bidh barrachd òrduigh ga chur air labhairt
4 expressed with am barrachd (plus gen). Biographical details about poets can help make their work more accessible to pupils, bidh fiosrachadh mu bheatha nam bàrd na chuideachadh don chloinn ann a bhith a’ cur am barrachd eòlais air an obair aca
5 expressed with tuilleadh (plus gen). This will be more significant if pupils are given regular opportunities to display completed work, bidh an tuilleadh brìgh an-seo ma tha a’ chlann a’ faotainn cothroim gu cunbhalach a bhith a’ taisbeanadh obair chrìochnaichte
6 expressed with gu ìre nas motha. The earlier walls are likely to be more decayed than the later ones, is dòcha gu bheil na gàrraidhean as tràithe air cnàmh air falbh gu ìre nas motha na an fheadhainn as fhadalaiche
7 expressed with nas fheàrr. Low ridges of volcanic rock that were more resistant to glaciation, dromannan ìosal de chreig bholcànaich a tha air seasamh nas fheàrr an aghaidh bleithe eigheadail
8 expressed with car. They will attempt more complex narratives, nì iad oidhirp air stòiridhean car ioma-fhillte. To give and ask for information in more formal settings, fiosrachadh a thoirt agus a shireadh ann an suidhichidhean car foirmeil
more in comp of adv 1 expressed with nas motha. Small groups may work more independently, faodaidh buidhnean beaga oibreachadh nas motha air an ceann fhèin
2 not directly expressed. Tone, used in relation to the sound of a communication, and more broadly to the attitude of a speaker, will be used when pupils discuss spoken communications, bithear a’ cleachdadh dòigh-labhairt, an co-cheangal ri fuaim conaltraidh agus ann an dòigh fharsaing ri sealladh neach-labhairt, an uair a bhios clann a’ beachdachadh air conaltradh-beòil. Before being brought together to build longer, more fully-shaped works, mus toirear cruinn còmhla iad gus obraichean nas fhaide a chur ri chèile air an làn chumadh
more adv nas motha. It is now recognised that pupils’ ability to understand and use language depends more on their ability to see how larger units are manipulated, a-nis thàtar a’ gabhail ris gu bheil comas-tuigse agus comas-cleachdaidh na cloinne air cànain nas motha an urra ri an comas air a bhith a’ tuigsinn mar tha aonadan nas motha air an ullachadh
more and more adv phr expressed with sìor preceding v plus comp of a. Pupils will become more and more comfortable using Gaelic, bidh a’ chlann a’ sìor fhàs nas saoirsneile ann a bhith a’ cleachdadh na Gàidhlig
more fully adv phr expressed with an tuilleadh plus gen. Developing from exploratory work into more fully formed and organised outcomes, a’ fàs à obair rannsachaidh a dh’ionnsaigh thoraidhean air a bheil an tuilleadh cumaidh agus eagrachaidh
more than n phr 1 còrr agus. In more than one sentence, ann an còrr is aon seantans. Short texts which contain more than one item of information, teacsaichean goirid anns a bheil còrr is aon phìos fiosrachaidh. Find, select and collate information from more than one source a’ lorg, a’ taghadh agus a’ cur còmhla fiosrachaidh o chòrr is aon ghoireas. For example, use of more than one character, mar eisimpleir, còrr is aon phearsa ga chleachdadh
2 bàrrachd air (plus dat). I shan’t take more than that, cha ghabh mi barrachd air sin
be more than v phr expressed with neg plus idir … a-mhàin. Gaelic is more than a language, chan e idir cànain a-mhàin a th’anns a’ Ghàidhlig. But culture is more than language and literature, ach chan e dualchas idir cànain agus litreachas a-mhàin
yet more a phr expressed with an tuilleadh ’s am barrachd (plus gen). Not least for the acquisition of yet more languages, agus gu h-àraidh gus an tuilleadh ’s am barrachd chànan a thogail
morning n madainn f, gen maidne, pl madainnean
morning star n phr reul f na maidne, gen rèil na maidne
morpheme n moirfim m, pl moirfimean
morphological a cruth-eòlach
morphology n 1 cruth-eòlas m, gen cruth-eòlais
2 (linguistics) moirfeólas m, gen moirfeólais
morris-dance n dannsa-muiriseach m, gen dannsa-mhuirisich
morsel n bìdeag f, gen bìdeig, pl bìdeagan
Morse pr n. Morse code, còd Morse, còd Morsach
mortal a basmhor
mortality n bàsmhorachd f. Infant mortality, bàsmhorachd chloinne. Infant mortality rate, ràta bhàsmhorachd chloinne
mortar n aol-tàthaidh m, gen aoil-tàthaidh
mortgage n morgaids f, pl morgaidsean
mosquito n moscìoto m, pl moscìotothan
moss n còinneach f, gen còinnich
most n 1 a’ mhòrchuid f, gen na mòrchodach or na mòrchuid. Most of the time allocated to Gaelic, a’ mhòrchuid den ùine a thàtar a’ toirt don Ghàidhlig. For some, perhaps most, of the time, airson cuid, ’s dòcha a’ mhòrchuid, den ùine. Should be attainable by some pupils in P3, but certainly by most in P4. so-ruighinn le cuid ann am B3, ach gun teagamh sam bith leis a’ mhòrchuid ann am B4
2 a’ chuid f as motha de. Teachers might show that Gaelic was once the language of most of mainland Scotland, dh’fhaodadh tidsearan a nochdadh gum b’ i a’ Ghàidhlig aig aon àm a’ chànain a bha aig a’ chuid as motha de thìr-mòr na h-Alba
most a 1 a’ chuid mhòr de. For most pupils this will be reached, ruigear seo anns a’ chuid mhòir de chloinn. Most pupils will respond readily to stories, gabhaidh a’ chuid mhòr de chloinn gu deònach ri stòiridhean. Most classes are mixed ability, tha a’ chuid mhòr de chlasaichean de chomas measgaichte
2 a’ mhòrchuid de, gen na mòrchodach de or na mòrchuid de. Most pupils will at some time experience learning difficulties, bidh a’ mhòrchuid de chloinn aig àm air choireigin a’ fiosrachadh dhuilgheadasan ionnsachaidh. Most strands have attached to them statements of minimum competency, an cois na mòrchodach de na h-iallan tha iomraidhean air comasan aig a’ char as lugha. Punctuate most sentences accurately, a’ pungadh na mòrchuid de sheantansan gu dòigheil
3 a’ chuid as motha de. Teachers might plan to enable most pupils to achieve Level E by the end of S2, dh’fhaodadh na tidsearan a bhith a’ cur romhpa comas a thoirt don chuid a bu mhotha den chloinn Ìre E a choileanadh ro dheireadh A2. By the additional support available in most schools, leis an taice a bharrachd a gheibhear anns a’ chuid as motha de sgoiltean
for the most part adv phr anns a’ mhòr earrainn. Form letters and space words legibly for the most part, a’ cumadh litrichean agus a’ cur a-mach fhaclan gus gun leughar iad anns a’ mhòr earrainn
most in sup of Eng a 1 expressed with comp form of Gaelic a
2 expressed with as motha, a bu mhotha. The most exciting part was…, ’s e am pàirt a bu mhotha a ghluais mi…. What is the name of the road with the most trees in it? dè an t-ainm a tha air an rathad air as motha a bheil de chraobhan?
moth n dealan-dè m oidhche, gen & pl dealain-dè oidhche
motif n 1 (music) ùrlar m, gen ùrlair, pl ùrlaran
2 (tales) moitif m, pl moitifean
motion n gluasad m, gen gluasaid, pl gluasadan
motivate v tr 1 gluais, vn gluasad m. It is essential that situations are designed by the teacher to motivate the pupils to contribute willingly, feumaidh an tidsear suidhichidhean a dhealbhachadh gus a’ chlann a ghluasad gu bhith a’ gabhail pàirt gu toileach. The values and knowledge which motivate cultures are deeply intertwined in their languages, tha na prìomh-bheachdan agus an t-eòlas a tha a’ gluasad dhualchasan a’ freumhachadh gu domhain nan cuid chànan
2 dèan gluasad, vn dèanamh m gluasaid. Real letters will motivate best, ’s e litrichean fìrinneach as motha nì de ghluasad
3 expressed with bi plus air gluasad. Teaching approaches, tasks and experiences will motivate and support pupils, bidh a’ chlann air an gluasad le dòighean-teagaisg, le obair agus le fiosrachadh, agus a’ faotainn taice bhuapa
4 brosnaich, vn brosnachadh m. Co-operative writing and discussion will motivate re-drafting, bidh co-oibreachadh ann an sgrìobhadh agus ann am beachdachadh a’ brosnachadh ath-dhreachdaidh
motivating a 1 expressed with gluais, vn gluasad m. Challenging them to make decisions and confront problems within motivating and supportive contexts, gan cur gu dùbhlan gus co-dhùnaidhean a dhèanamh agus aghaidh a chur air duilgheadasan, taobh a-staigh coitheacsan a tha gan gluasad agus a’ cumail taice riutha
2 a ghluaiseas an inntinn. Contexts are the motivating situations within which teaching, learning and assessment activities take place, is ann an suidhichidhean a ghluaiseas an inntinn a thèid gnìomhan teagaisg, ionnsachaidh agus measaidh air adhart
motivation n 1 gluasad-inntinn m. Motivation matters, tha feum air gluasad-inntinn, agus tha luach ann
2 expressed with gluais v, vn gluasad. It has much to do with the knowledge and experience of the listener, with motivation and involvement, tha e ann an dlùth dhàimh ri eòlas agus ri fiosrachadh an neach-èisteachd, ris mar a tha an neach sin air a ghluasad gu pàirt a ghabhail anns a’ chùis
motive n 1 rùn m, gen rùin, pl rùintean. Show that they understand the following terms : setting, motives, a’ nochdadh gun tuig iad na faclan a leanas : suidheachadh, rùintean
2 expressed with dè tha a’ gluasad. Pupils can come to deeper understandings of characters, their actions and motives, thig clann gu tuigse nas motha air pearsachan agus air dè tha na pearsachan seo a’ dèanamh agus dè tha gan gluasad
motor n motar m, gen motair, pl motaran
motor mod motair. Motor sled, slèideag-mhotair
motor a
motor control n phr 1 altachadh-buill m, gen altachaidh-bhuill. Difficulties in handwriting arising from lack of motor control, duilgheadasan ann an làmh-sgrìobhadh a tha mar thoradh air cion altachadh-buill
2 altachadh-cuirp m, gen altachaidh-chuirp. Pupils with difficulties in motor control, clann aig a bheil duilgheadasan altachadh-cuirp
motor v tr & i motaraich, vn motarachadh m
motoring mod motarachaidh. Motoring organisation, buidheann motarachaidh
motorway n motar-rathad m, gen motar-rathaid, pl motar-ròidean. On motorways, major roads and minor roads, air motar-ròidean, mòr-ròidean agus roìdean beaga
motte n dùn m, gen & pl dùin. Motte and bailey, dùn is balla-dìon
mould n (template) molldair m, pl molldairean
mould n (decay) clòimh-liath f, gen clòimhe-lèithe
mound n 1 tom m, gen tuim, pl tomannan. Glacial mounds, tomannan eigheadail. The mounds are formed from material that was dumped in these moraines as the glacier melted, tha na tomannan air an dèanamh de stuth a chaidh fhàgail na dhùn anns na morainean seo nuair a bha an t-eigh-shruth a’ leaghadh
2 càrn m, gen & pl cùirn. The overgrown mound of stones cleared nearby shows that this place was once cultivated, tha an càrn, is lusrach air fàs thairis air, de chlachan a chaidh a ghlanadh bhon talamh faisg air làimh na chomharra air gun robhar ag àiteach an àite seo uaireigin
mountain n beinn f, gen beinne, pl beanntan, beanntaichean, gen pl beann. On the mountain side, air slios na beinne
mountain chain n phr sèine f bheanntan, pl sèineachan bheanntan
mountain range n phr 1 sreath f bheanntan, gen sreatha bheanntan, pl sreathan bheanntan
2 sreath f de bheanntaichean, pl sreathan de bheanntaichean. The rivers were draining a mountain range to the west, bha na h-aibhnichean a’ drèanadh sreath de bheanntaichean gun iar
mountainous a 1 beanntach
2 cho àrd ris na beanntan. Mountainous seas, fairge cho àrd ris na beanntan
mountainside n slios m beinne, pl sliosan beinne
mouth n 1 beul m, gen & pl beòil
2 bus m, gen buis, pl buis, busan
3 (of river) bun m, gen buna or buin, pl buin or bunan
mouthful n balgam m, balgaim, pl balgaman. A mouthful of tea, balgam teatha
move v i 1 gluais, vn gluasad. Any worthwhile Gaelic activity will move in and out of components and through varying combinations of strands, bidh gnìomh Gàidhlig sam bith as fhiach an t-saothair a’ gluasad a-mach agus a-steach à earrainnean agus tro chaochladh chothlamadh iallan. Moving from the rehearsed to the increasingly spontaneous, a’ gluasad o na tha iad air ionnsachadh ro-làimh a dh’ionnsaigh na tha nas motha agus nas motha a’ tighinn bhuapa fhèin
2 gluais air adhart. As pupils move through their education, mar a tha a’ chlann a’ gluasad air adhart tro am foghlam
move into v phr expressed with bi. There will be a stage when the four outcomes will move into roughly equal weightings, bidh ìre ann nuair a bhitheas cudthrom an ìre mhaith co-ionnan air na ceithir builean fa leth
moving a 1 gluasadach. Whether in print, sound or moving image, co-dhiù tha iad ann an clò, ann am fuaim no ann an ìomhaigh ghluasadaich
2 not directly expressed. They will be supported with illustrations or moving pictures, gheibh iad taice o dhealbhan no o fhilmichean
moving pictures n film m, pl filmichean. They will be supported with illustrations or moving pictures, gheibh iad taice o dhealbhan no o fhilmichean
movement n 1 (a) gluasad m, gen gluasaid. To develop skills of left-to-right eye movement, gus sgilean gluasad sùla o chlì gu deas a thoirt air adhart. This can create a sense of dramatic movement essential for writing stories, faodaidh seo mothachadh a chruthachadh air gluasad dramataigeach, rud a tha fìor èiseil airson sgeulachdan a sgrìobhadh. By examining situations in mime, movement and performance, ann a bhith a’ rannsachadh shuidhichidhean ann am mìm, ann an gluasad agus ann an gabhail pàirt
(b) expressed with gluasad, vn gluasad m. With a gradual movement from structured to somewhat less structured learning situations, a’ gluasad mean air mhean bho shuidhichidhean-ionnsachaidh stèidhichte gu feadhainn nach eil buileach cho stèidhichte
2 iomairt f, pl iomairtean. She has been involved with minority language movements elswhere in Europe, tha i air a bhith an sàs ann an iomairtean a thaobh mhion-chànain ann an àiteachan eile san Roinn-Eòrpa
Mrs pr n 1 a’ Bhean-Phòsta f, gen na Mnà-Pòsta. I shall write to Mrs Mackenzie, sgrìobhaidh mi chon na Mnà-Pòsta NicCoinnich
abbreviated a’ Bh-Ph, gen na M-P. I shall write to Mrs Mackenzie, sgrìobhaidh mi chon na M-P NicCoinnich
2 A’ Bhana-mhaighistir f, gen na Bana-mhaighistir. I shall write to Mrs Mackenzie, sgrìobhaidh mi chon na Bana-mhaighistir NicCoinnich
abbreviated a’ Bh, gen na B. I shall write to Mrs Mackenzie, sgrìobhaidh mi chon na B NicCoinnich
much n 1 mòran. For much of the time, fad mòran ùine
2 deagh chuid f. It is through talking with peers, teachers and other adults that much of pupils’ learning will occur, is ann tro bhith a’ còmhradh le co-aoisean, luchd-teagaisg agus inbhich eile a tha deagh chuid de dh’ionnsachadh chloinne a’ dol air adhart
3 cuid f mhath. Groups should be able to work independently much of the time, tha còir gum bitheadh buidhnean comasach air obair a dhèanamh air an ceann fhèin cuid mhath den ùine
4 expressed with dlùth a. It has much to do with the knowledge and experience of the listener, tha e ann an dlùth dhàimh ri eòlas agus ri fiosrachadh an neach-èisteachd
much a 1 expressed with mòran m. Much time at the early stages should be spent on play, tha còir mòran ùine aig toiseach gnothaich a chur seachad a’ cluich
much adv cus. Many pupils should in practice achieve much more, tha còir gun coileanadh mòran chloinne cus a bharrachd. Pupils begin to be much less dependent on adult help, bidh a’ chlann a’ tòiseachadh air a bhith cus nas lugha an urra ri cuideachadh o inbhich
as much as, expressed with ionann agus. This is as much as to tell us that he was never there, tha seo ionann is a bhith ag innse dhuinn nach robh e riamh an sin
as much … as, expressed with agus chan ann a-mhàin. The genre of oral messages is often revealed as much by intonation as by the words themselves, tha gnè labhairt gu tric ga foillseachadh le fuaimneachadh cainnte agus chan ann a-mhàin leis na faclan fhèin
as much … as possible, na ghabhas a bhith de …. Ensure that all pupils hear as much Gaelic as possible, a bhith cinnteach gu bheil a’ chlann a’ cluinntinn na ghabhas a bhith de Ghàidhlig
Muck pr n Eilean nam Muc
mucus n splongraich f, sglongraich f
mud n 1 poll m, gen puill
2 (ooze) làthach f, gen làthaich
muddy a 1 làn puill. Your shoes are muddy, tha do chuid bhròg làn puill
2 làn làthaich. Muddy water, uisge làn làthaich
muffle v tr bàth, vn bàthadh m
mug v tr
mugging n brath-ghoid f
muggy a 1 (sultry) bruthainneach, comp bruthainnich
2 (dampish) mugach, comp mugaich
mule n muileid f, pl muileidean
Mull pr n Muile
multicultural a ioma-chultarail. In notices, concerts and multicultural events, ann an sanasan, ann an consartan agus ann an tachartasan ioma-chultarail
multi-language a expressed with ioma-chànanas m, gen ioma-chànanais. A positive attitude to multi-language use, spiorad neartmhor a thaobh ioma-chànanais
multilingual a ioma-chànanach. Bilingual and multilingual children and adults are an asset, is nì feumail e clann agus inbhich dhà-chànanach agus ioma-chànanach a bhith ann
multimedia a ioma-mheadhanach. Databases, spreadsheets, teletext, view data, and multimedia applications generally, stòir-dhàta, duilleagan-sgaoilte, teleteacsa, lèir-dàta agus innleachdan ioma-mheadhanach anns an fharsaingeachd
multinational a ioma-nàiseanta. Multinational companies, companaidhean ioma-nàiseanta
multinational n ioma-nàiseantach m, gen & pl ioma-nàiseantaich. The growth of the multinationals, fàs nan ioma-nàiseantach
multiple a iomadail
multiplication n iomadachadh m, gen iomadachaidh. Multiplication square, ceàrnag iomadachaidh. Multiplication tables, clàran iomdachaidh
multiply v tr iomadaich, vn iomadachadh m
multiplied a air iomadachadh. Multiplied by, air iomadachadh le
multiracial a ioma-chinealtach. Resources will be chosen to give children an appreciation of the rich diversity of our multi-racial society, thèid stuth-taice a thaghadh gus tuigse a thoirt do chloinn air an iomadalachd shaidhbhir a gheibhear nar comann-sòisealta ioma-chinealtach
murky (of liquid) ceòthach. Murky water, uisge ceòthach
murmur n borbhan m, gen borbhain
murmur v tr & i
murmuring n borbhan m, gen borbhain
muscle n 1 musail f, pl musailean. Muscle fibre, teudag mhusail
2 fèith f, gen fèithe, pl fèithean. Muscle fibre, teudag fhèithe
museum n taigh-tasgaidh m, gen taigh-thasgaidh, pl taighean-tasgaidh
mushroom n balgan-buachair m, gen & pl balgain-bhuachair; also balg-buachrach m, gen & pl builg-bhuachrach
mushroom rock n phr creag-bhalgain f, gen creige-balgain, pl creagan-balgain
music n ceòl m, gen ciùil. Exemplified by increased interest in music, mar eisimpleir air a seo tha barrachd ùidh ga gabhail ann an ceòl
musical a 1 ceòlmhor, comp ceòlmhoire
2 binn, comp binne
musical instrument n phr inneal-ciùil m, gen inneil-chiùil, pl innealan-ciùil
musicality n 1 ceòlmhorachd f
2 binneas m, gen binneis
musician n neach-ciùil m, pl luchd-ciùil
musicologist n ceòl-eòlaiche m, pl ceòl-eòlaichean
musicology n ceòl-eòlas m, gen ceòl-eòlais
musketeer n musgadair m, pl musgadairean
Muslim pr n Muslamach m, gen & pl Muslamaich
Muslim a Muslamach
must v aux feumaidh. There must be early exposure of pupils to a wide range of stories, feumar a’ chlann a chur gu tràth an lùib sreath fharsaing de stòiridhean. Pupils can recognise how character and relationship must be understood, faodaidh a’ chlann gabhail a-steach mar a dh’fheumar pearsa agus dàimh a thuigsinn
must not v aux phr chan fhaod. You mustn’t do that, chan fhaod thu sin a dhèanamh. Parents must not bring sick or infectious children to the day care facility, chan fhaod pàrantan clann a tha tinn no gabhaltach a thoirt leotha (or a thoirt leis) don ghoireas chùraim-làtha
musty a tungaidh
mutagenic a mùthaigineach a
mutagenicity n mùthaigineachd f
mutation n mùthadh m, gen mùthaidh, pl mùthaidhean. Vowel mutation, mùthadh fhuaimreag
mute a balbh, comp bailbhe
mute person n balbhan m, gen & pl balbhain
muteness n balbhachd f
mutineer n ceannairceach m, gen & pl ceannaircich. The Indian Mutiny, a’ Cheannairc Innseanach
mutiny n ceannairc f, pl ceannaircean
mutiny v i dèan ceannairc, vn dèanamh ceannairc
mutual a
mutual agreement n phr co-rèiteachadh m, gen co-rèiteachaidh, pl co-rèiteachaidhean
muzzle n bus m, gen buis, pl buis, busan
mysterious a neònach. Thus in teaching pupils to tell the first part of a ghost story which is to create the setting for mysterious happenings, mar sin, ann a bhith ag ionnsachadh don chloinn mar a sgrìobhas iad a’ chiad phàirt de stòiridh mu thaibhseachan gus suidheachadh a thoirt am bith anns am bi nithean neònach a’ tachairt
mystery n dìomhaireachd f, pl dìomhaireachdan
myth n miotas m, gen miotais, pl miotasan
mythical a miotasach
mythological a miotas-eòlasach
mythologist n miotas-eòlaiche m, pl miotas-eòlaichean
mythology n miotas-eòlas m, gen miotas-eòlais
N
nail n 1 (spike) tarrag f, gen tarraig, tàirne, pl tarragan, tàirnean, tairgnean
2 (of fingers and toes; claw) ìne f, pl ìnean
nail board n phr bòrd-thairgnean m, gen & pl bùird-thairgnean
name n ainm m, pl ainmean. What is your name? dè an t-ainm a tha ort? What is his name? dè an t-ainm a tha air? or c’ ainm a tha air? or dè ’s ainm dha? My name is Donald, ’s e Dòmhnall an t-ainm a tha orm. To call someone by name, cuideigin a ghairm air ainm
name v tr 1 ainmich, vn ainmeachadh m. Name the longest street on the map, ainmich an t-sràid as fhaide air a’ mhapa. The shop is not named on the map, chan eil a’ bhùth air a h-ainmeachadh air a’ mhapa
2 innis, vn innse f. Name six ways you can eat eggs, innis sia dòighean air an ith thu uighean
namely adv 1 ’s e sin
2 ’s iad sin
nano-filtration n nano-shìoladh m, gen nano-shìolaidh
nappy n 1 badan m, gen badain, pl badanan
2 barran m, gen barrain, pl barranan
narrate v tr aithris, vn aithris f
narration n aithris f, pl aithrisean
narrative n 1 cunntas m, pl cunntasan. Pupils will listen to messages or narratives, bidh a’ chlann ag èisteachd ri teachdaireachdan no ri cunntasan
2 sgeul m, gen sgeòil. How a narrative is structured, mar a tha sgeul air a chur ri chèile. Differences between narrative and description can be identified, faodar aithne a chur air eadar-dhealachaidhean eadar sgeul agus tuairisgeal. Pupils are expected to relate a narrative, thàtar a’ sùileachadh gum bi a’ chlann ag aithris sgeòil
3 stòiridh m, pl stòiridhean. They will attempt more complex narratives, nì iad oidhirp air stòiridhean car ioma-fhillte
4 seanchas m, gen seanchais. With increasing confidence in personal narrative, mar a tha iad a’ fàs nas misneachaile ann an seanchas pearsanta. Effects created by first or third person narrative, buaidhean a tha mar thoradh air seanchas anns a’ chiad no an treasa pearsa
narrative a 1 sgeòil. This approach is also valuable with narrative poetry, tha an dòigh-obrach seo feumail cuideachd le bàrdachd-sgeòil
2 aithris. Pupils will read short narrative texts, bidh a’ chlann a’ leughadh theacsaichean-aithris goirid
narrator m sgrìobhaiche m, pl sgrìobhaichean. According to the purpose of the narrator, a rèir amas an sgrìobhaiche
narrow a caol, comp caoile. Generally crops were grown on long narrow strips of ground called rigs, anns a’ chumantas bha na pòran a’ fàs air stiallan fada caol de thalamh ris an cainte feannagan
narrower a comp nas caoile, as caoile. The walls of this house are narrower and would not have supported a turf wall above, tha ballachan an taighe seo nas caoile, agus chan fhuilingeadh iad balla fàil air am muin
narrow escape n phr caol-theàrnadh m, gen caol-theàrnaidh, pl caol-theàrnaidhean
narrow-leaved a (botany) caol-dhuilleagach. Narrow-leaved birdsfoot trefoil, bàrr a’ mhìslein caol-dhuilleagach
narrows n pl 1 (in sea) caolas m, gen & pl caolais
2 (in river, where current becomes more rapid) buinne f, pl buinneachan. The Windy Narows, a’ Bhuinne Ghaothach (place-name). We went through the three narrows, chaidh sinn tro na trì buinneachan
nasal a srònach. Nasal consonant, connrag shrònach
nasalisation n srònachadh m, gen srònachaidh
nasalise v tr srònaich, vn srònachadh
nasalised a srònaichte
nation n nàisein m, gen nàisein, pl nàiseanan
national a nàiseanta. National Park, Pàirc Nàiseanta. The National Grid, a’ Chliath Nàiseanta. National government, riaghaltas nàiseanta. National income, teachd-a-steach nàiseanta. National attainment targets, cuimsean coileanaidh nàiseanta. A number of local and national production programmes exist, tha grunnan ann de phrògraman deasachaidh ionadail agus nàiseanta
nationally adv 1 gu nàiseanta. Available locally and nationally, ri am faotainn gu h-ionadail agus gu nàiseanta
2 aig ìre nàiseanta. Nationally, …, aig ìre nàiseanta, …
nationalise v tr stàit-shealbhaich, vn stàit-shealbhachadh m
nationalised a 1 stàit-shealbhaichte
2 nàiseantail. Nationalised industry, gnìomhachas nàiseantail
nationalism n nàiseantachd f
nationality n nàiseanachas m, gen nàiseanachais
native a 1 dùthchasach
2 gnèitheach
native speaker n phr 1 neach m aig an robh an cànain bho thùs, pl daoine…. A native speaker of Gaelic, neach aig an robh a’ Ghàidhlig bho thùs
2 neach-bruidhne m dùthchasach, pl luchd-bruidhne dùthchasach
natural a 1 nàdarrach. Natural increase, meudachadh nàdarrach. They are means by which activities can be grouped in a natural way, tha iad nam meadhain air gnìomhan a thoirt còmhla ann an dòigh nàdarrach. Group discussion will now be a natural part of class activity, is e pàirt nàdarrach de dh’obair a’ chlas a tha ann am beachdachadh ann am buidhinn a-nis
2 nàdarra. Natural gas, gas nàdarra. Natural regions, raointean nàdarra. Natural resources, stòrasan nàdarra. Natural selection, taghadh nàdarra. Such talk should be a natural part of class activities, tha còir aig labhairt den t-seòrsa seo a bhith mar phàirt nàdarra de dh’obair a’ chlas
3 expressed with gu nàdarrach adv. Such knowledge should support and supplement the continuing, natural processes of language acquisition, tha còir aig eòlas den t-seòrsa seo cur ris na bheil a’ dol air adhart gu nàdarrach ann an togail cànain, agus sin gu taiceil
naturally adv 1 gu nàdarrach. Complex structures acquired naturally, structairean ioma-fhillte a tha iad a’ togail gu nàdarrach. It encourages the development of all the language components through an active, naturally integrated process, tha e a’ misneachadh leasachaidh air na h-earrainnean cànain uile tro adhartas a tha dèantanach agus a tha air a cheangal ri chèile gu nàdarra
2 expressed with nàdarrach. Children play naturally, and in such play build understanding of themselves and the world in which they live, tha e nàdarrach do chloinn a bhith a’ cluiche, agus ann an cleasan den t-seòrsa sin tha iad a’ togail tuigse orra fhèin agus air an t-saoghal anns a bheil iad beò
natural history n phr eòlas nàdair, gen eòlais nàdair
naturalness n nàdarrachd f
nature n 1 nàdar m, gen nàdair. The beauty of nature, maise nàdair. Pupils’ understanding of the nature, structure and conventions of Gaelic, tuigse na cloinne a thaobh nàdar, structar agus modhan na Gàidhlig. That they must bear in mind the purpose and the nature of the audience, gum feum iad cuimhne a chumail air adhbhar agus air nàdar an luchd-èisteachd. Differences in the nature of story and simple informational texts, eadar-dhealachaidhean ann an nàdar stòiridh no theacsaichean-fiosrachaidh sìmplidh. Once pupils anticipate the likely nature of the content of text, aon uair ’s gum bi dùil aig a’ chloinn ris an nàdar susbaint a tha dualtach a bhith anns an teacsa. The nature of the language components have been redefined, chomharraicheadh as ùr nàdar nan earrainnean-cànain
2 gnè f. The nature of the information should be more open-ended at this stage, tha còir aig gnè an fhiosrachaidh a bhith nas fhosgailte aig an ìre seo. They may use diagnostic spelling tests to identify the nature of specific difficulties, faodaidh iad deuchainnean sgrùdail litreachaidh a chleachdadh gus gnè dhuilgheadasan sònraichte a chomharrachadh. Because of the nature of the land less emphasis was given to growing crops, a thoradh air gnè na talmhainn cha robhar a’ cur uibhir a chudthrom air bàrr a bhith a’ fàs
3 dòigh f, pl dòighean. The nature of that offered knowledge has also changed in recent practice, o chionn goirid tha caochladh air a thighinn air an dòigh anns a bheilear a’ tairgse an eòlais sin
4 expressed with buin, vn buntainn. The main effort should be to stress the contemporary nature of Gaelic, tha còir am prìomh àite a thoirt do bhith a’ cur cudthroim air mar a bhuineas a’ ghàidhlig don t-saoghal a th’ann
5 expressed with mar prep. Interviews with older people will give a picture of the changing nature of language, bheir còmhraidhean ri seann daoine dealbh dhuinn air mar a bhitheas cànain ag atharrachadh
6 not expressed. Pupils will begin to learn Gaelic at different points and the amount and nature of their experience of it will vary, bi a’ chlann a’ tòiseachadh air a’ Ghàidhlig aig amannan eadar-dhealaichte, agus chan ionnan na tha iad uile a’ faighinn dhith
nature mod nàdair. Nature reserve, teàrmann nàdair
nature trail n phr slighe f nàdair, pl slighean nàdair. Near the end of the nature trail the route by the river is usually wet, faisg air deireadh na slighe nàdair tha an cùrsa ri taobh na h-aibhne gu tric fliuch
of this nature prep phr expressed with an leithid seo de. The purpose and audience for writing of this nature, adhbhar agus luchd-amais an leithid seo de sgrìobhadh
naughty n 1 mì-mhodhail. Staff will not label a child as naughty and will reward acceptable behaviour positively, cha bhi luchd-obrach a’ comharrachadh neach-cloinne mar mhì-mhodhail agus thèid deagh-ghiùlan a dhuaiseachadh gu deimhinneach
2 baoth, comp baoithe
nausea n tligheachd f
navigable a expressed with seòladh. The only navigable part of the river, an aon phàirt den abhainn air am bheil e comasach do bhàta seòladh
navigation n maraireachd f
Navy n nèibhidh m, pl nèibhidhean
Nazi n Nàsach m, gen & pl Nàsaich
Nazi mod Nàsach. Nazi party, partaidh Nàsach
neap-tide n conntraigh f, gen conntraighe, pl conntraighean
near a faisg, comp faisge
near adv 1 faisg air (plus dat)
2 an cois (plus gen)
nearby adv 1 faisg air làimh. The mound of stones cleared nearby shows that this place was once cultivated, tha an càrn de chlachan a chaidh a ghlanadh bhon talamh faisg air làimh na chomharra air gun robhar ag àiteach an àite seo uaireigin
2 faisg air an seo. Tools from this early period have been found nearby, chaidh goireasan bho àm thràth seo a lorg faisg air an seo
neat a sgiobalta. The teacher will take time to ensure that pupils lay out their writing in a neat form, cuiridh an tidsear ùine seachad a’ dèanamh cinnteach gu bheil a’ chlann a’ cur cruth air an cuid sgrìobhaidh ann an cumadh sgiobalta
nebula n nebula m, pl nebulae, nebulathan
2 neul m, gen & pl neòil
necessary a 1 riatanach. If necessary…, ma bhitheass e riatanach…. Teacher support will be less evident but will still offer guidance as necessary, cha bhi taice tidseir cho follaiseach ach fhathast bi seo a’ comhairleachadh mar a bhitheas sin riatanach. Dialects is a necessary term, ’s e briathar riatanach a tha ann an dualchainnt. It is equally necessary to develop an awareness of the richness of the culture, tha e a-cheart cho riatanach mothachadh àrach air cho saidhbhir ’s a tha an dualchas
2 do-sheachanta, do-sheachnaichte. It will be desirable and necessary to report on the progress of each pupil, bidh e riatanach agus do-sheachnaichte a bhith a’ toirt iomraidh air piseach agus air soirbheachadh gach pàiste
3 èiseil. It cannot be assumed that children will have acquired the necessary skills by the time they enter P1, chan urrainn dhuinn a bhith cinnteach gum bi clann air na sgilean èiseil a thogail ron am a thig iad a-steach do B1
4 expressed with feum v. Educators will require to equip Gaelic-speaking pupils with the skills necessary, bidh e mar uallach air luchd-oideachaidh clann aig a bheil Gàidhlig uidheamachadh leis na sgilean a dh’fheumas iad. Attention to their individual weightings is necessary, feumar aire thoirt don chudthrom a chuirear orra fa leth. Assessment should help to build the confidence necessary to cope with increasing challenge, tha còir gun tog measadh a’ mhisneach a dh’fheumar gus gabhail ris an dùbhlan mar a tha e a’ meudachadh
5 expressed with bi feum m air. Plot and dialogue will be necessary terms as pupils explore fiction, ’s e ainmean air am bi feum a tha ann am plota agus còmhradh an uair a bhitheas a’ chlann a’ beachdachadh air ficsean. Reading and writing skills should be encouraged, particularly where those are necessary to ensure social competence, bu chòir misneachadh a dhèanamh air obair leughaidh agus sgrìobhaidh, gu h-àraidh ma tha feum orra sin gus comas sòisealta a dhaingneachadh
6 expressed with feum m air. When an interpretation of body language may be necessary to understand fully the overall communication, agus feum air cànain bhodhaig a bhreithneachadh gus tuigse iomlan fhaighinn air a’ chonaltradh anns an fharsaingeachd
7 expressed with a dh’fheumar fhaighinn. To obtain necessary information, a bhith a’ faotainn an fhiosrachaidh a dh’fheumar fhaighinn
necessarily adv 1 expressed with do-sheachnaichte. A pupil’s progress through the attainment targets will not necessarily be consistent across the main components of Gaelic, chan eil e do-sheachnaichte gum bi am pàiste a’ gluasad gu cunbhalach feadh uile bhuilean na gàidhlig
2 not expressed. Comments can be made on particular strands when the teacher judges it necessary, but reference to all of the strands is not necessarily required, faodar iomradh a dhèanamh air iallan àraidh an uair a bhitheas an tidsear den bheachd gu bheil sin iomchaidh, ach cha leigear a leas iomradh a dhèanamh air na h-iallan uile
necessity n expressed with nì riatanach. Tales and poems which incorporate the three greatest necessities for young pupils’ listening, stòiridhean agus dàin anns am faighear na trì nithean as riatanaiche do dh’èisteachd phàistean òga
neck n amhach f, gen amhaiche, pl amhaichean
necklace n 1 fleasg f, gen fleasga, pl fleasgan
2 usgar-bràghad m, gen usgair-bhràghad, usgrach-bhràghad, pl usgaran-bràghad, usgraichean-bràghad
3 seud-muineil m, gen seòid-mhuineil, pl seòid-mhuineil, seudan-muineil
nectar n neactar m, gen neactair
nectarine n neacadair m, pl neacadairean
need n 1 (a) feum m, pl feuman. With the need to develop the skills of reading and writing, mar a bhitheas feum air sgilean leughaidh agus sgriobhaidh a thoirt air adhart. The guiding principle in regard to selection of language should be the children’s need to communicate, ’s e màthair-adhbhair taghadh cànain am feum a bhitheas aig a’ chloinn air a bhith a’ conaltradh. Find and use information specific to their needs, a’ lorg agus a’ cleachdadh fiosrachaidh àraidh air a bheil feum aca. Special educational needs, feuman foghlaim shònraichte. Explicit teaching to groups or class will address the needs of pupils, faodaidh teagasg follaiseach air buidhnean no air clas coinneachadh ri feuman na cloinne
(b) expressed with bi plus feum air. They will begin to identify the need for capitals and full stops, tòisichidh iad air an aire thoirt gu bheil feum air litrichean mòra agus air puingean stad. The school will consider the need for carefully structured programmes of study, gabhaidh an sgoil ealla ris gu bheil feum air prògraman obrach a tha air an deilbh gu faiceallach. The need for such resources is already widely accepted, thàtar a’ gabhail ris cheana anns an fharsaingeachd gu bheil feum air an leithidean sin de ghoireasan
(c) expressed with cuir feum air, vn cur feum air. Use of procedures such as these may identify the need for additional support in language for the pupils concerned, faodaidh cleachdaidhean den t-seòrsa seo a chomharrachadh gu bheil a’ chlann air a bheilear a’ gabhail beachd a’ cur feum air taice a bharrachd ann an obair chànain
(d) expressed with feum v. There will be a corresponding need for listeners to be more aware of purposes, an co-cheangal ri seo feumaidh luchd-èisteachd barrachd mothachaidh a bhith aca air adhbhair. There will still be a need for the teacher to help pupils with word choice, feumaidh an tidsear fhathast a’ chlann a chuideachadh le taghadh fhaclan. This will help pupils to discover the need for a flexible and varied vocabulary, cuidichidh seo a’ chlann gu bhith a’ faighinn a-mach gum feum briathrachas a bhith fosgailte agus iomachruthach. With a keener awareness of the need to select what is significant, le mothachadh nas gèire gum feumar na tha cudthromach a thaghadh. Teachers should be alert to the need to challenge some pupils, tha còir aig tidsearan a bhith a’ gabhail ealla ris gum feum cuid de chloinn an cur gu dùbhlan
2 feumalachd f, pl feumalachdan. Special needs, feumalachdan sònraichte. Teachers are advised to make descriptive notes of the pupil’s strengths and development needs, thàtar a’ comhairleachadh do thidsearan notaichean a dhèanamh le iomradh air na feartan agus air na feumalachdan fàis aig a’ phàiste. To the needs of each individual pupil, a-rèir feumalachdan gach pàiste fa leth. Awareness of audience needs, mothachadh air feumalachdan luchd-amais. Of using the process to meet their own needs as learners, a’ cleachdadh sin gus am feumalachdan fhèin mar luchd-ionnsachaidh a choileanadh
3 èis f, gen èise, pl èisean. Children in need, clann ann an èis
4 èiginn f. The council will deal with those in greatest need, bidh a’ chomhairle a’ dèiligeadh ris an fheadhainn as motha a tha ann an èiginn
5 ainnis f, gen ainnise
6 expressed with riatanach a, cho riatanach ’s a tha. They will be shown the need for turn-taking, bithear a’ sealltainn dhaibh cho riatanach ’s a tha e a bhith ag obair duine mu seach. There will be a need for all such pupils to be provided with appropriate programmes of study, bidh e riatanach clàran oideachaidh freagarrach a thoirt do an leithid sin a chloinn air fad. Stimulate in all pupils an awareness of the need to acquire Gaelic, mothachadh àrach ann an cloinn air cho riatanach ’s a tha e a’ Ghàidhlig a thogail. The teacher will highlight the need for relevance and accuracy, bidh an tidsear a’ seulachadh cho riatanach ’s a tha freagarrachd agus cothromachd
7 expressed with na tha a dhìth. Gaelic must also address the needs of a range of pupils, a thaobh na Gàidhlig, feumar aire thoirt do na tha a dhìth air caochladh sheòrsachan chloinne
8 not directly expressed. Real models of effective Gaelic whose features they can explore, imitate or adapt to suit their needs, eisimpleirean dligheach de Ghàidhlig dhòigheil a dh’fhaodas iad a rannsachadh no atharrais orra no atharrachadh mar as fheàrr a fhreagras orra fhèin
special needs n phr feumalachdan f pl sònraichte. Especially those with special needs, gu h-àraidh iadsan aig a bheil feumalachdan sònraichte
need v tr 1 bi feum aig air. They will still need to be supported by the teacher, bidh feum aca fhathast air taice bhon tidsear. To assist them, they may need linguistic formulae, ’s dòcha gum bi feum aca sin air cuideachadh le ràdhan foirmeil
2 bi feum air. A framework is needed, clearly establishing the most important features of this curricular area, tha feum air beairt a stèidhicheas gu soilleir na nithean as cudthromaiche a tha a’ buntainn ris a’ chlàr-theagaisg seo
3 cuir feum air. Which will need…, a chuireas feum air…
4 feum v. Some will need different approaches to these targets, feumaidh cuid slighean eadar-dhealaichte a leantainn a dh’ionnsaigh nan cuimsean seo. Many pupils will need to be taught how to disagree, feumaidh mòran den chloinn an teagasg gus a bhith a’ nochdadh easaonta. Teachers need to introduce pupils to the grammatical, literary and other technical terms of language, feumaidh na tidsearan a’ chlann a chur an aithne nam briathran cànain a bhuineas do ghràmar, do litreachas agus an leithid sin. Note that not all of the procedures need be used, thoir an aire nach fheumar na h-iomairtean air fad a chleachdadh. The assumption was that use needed to be preceded by knowledge, bha am beachd a’ dol gum feumadh eòlas a bhith ann mus bitheadh an cleachdadh ann. That before writers could use nouns, they needed to know what a noun was, gum feumadh luchd-sgrìobhaidh fios a bhith aca dè bha ann an ainmear mus cuireadh iad ainmearan am feum
5 expressed with bi ag iarraidh. The words they need to use in classroom activities, na faclan a tha iad ag iarraidh a chleachdadh ann an obair a’ chlas
6 expressed with bi riatanach. The range of texts being watched needs to expand further, tha e riatanach a bhith a’ leudachadh air na teacsaichean a thàtar a’ faicinn
needed a riatanach. For assessing what is needed to improve performance, airson measadh a dhèanamh air na tha riatanach gus obair a dhèanamh nas fheàrr. It is essential to reduce recording to just what is needed and what is manageable, feumar air a h-uile cor clàradh a ghiorrachadh dìreach gu ìre na bheil riatanach agus na ghabhas a làimhseachadh
needle n (knitting) bior m, gen biora, pl bioran
needy a 1 ainnis, comp ainnise
2 ainniseach, comp ainnisiche
needy person n phr ainnis m, pl ainnisean
negate v tr àicheidh, vn àicheadh m
negative a 1 àicheil. Negative form, cruth àicheil. Negative particle, mìrean àicheil. Negative prefix, ro-leasachan àicheil
2 mì-shoirbheach. Negative area, ceàrnaidh mì-shoirbheach
neglect v tr expressed with neg plus thoir àite do. Nor does it mean that smaller units are neglected, cha mhò tha seo a’ ciallachadh nach eil àite ga thoirt do na h-aonadan beaga
negotiable a ion-tràchda. Salary negotiable, tuarastal ion-tràchda
not negotiable a phr do-thràchda. Salary not negotiable, tuarastal do-thràchda
negotiate v tr expressed with thoir mun aire agus thoir gu buil, vn toirt mun aire agus toirt gu buil. In order to negotiate a personal reading programme, gus prògram leughaidh pearsanta a thoirt mun aire agus a thoirt gu buil
neigh n sitir f, gen sitire
neigh v i bi sitrich, dèan sitrich f
neighbourhood n 1 nàbaidheachd f, pl nàbaidheachdan
2 coimhearsnachd f, pl coimhearsnachdan. Mapping the neighbourhood, a’ dèanamh mapa den choimhearsnachd
Neolithic a Neoiliotach
neologism n nuadh-fhacal m, gen nuadh-fhacail, pl nuadh-fhacail, nuadh-fhaclan
neon n neon m
nerve n nearbh f, pl nearbhan
nervous a 1 nearbhach
2 expressed with nearbhan. The nervous system, siostam nan nearbhan
net n lìon m, gen lìn, pl lìn, lìontan. They were setting the nets, bha iad a’ cur nan lìon. Net of prisms, lìon phriosaman
net a (of amount) lom. Net weight, cuideam lom
Netherlands (the) pr n an Ìsealtìr f, gen na h-Ìsealtìr
Netherlander pr n Ìsealtìreach m, gen & pl Ìsealtìrich
nettle-leaved a (botany) deanntag-dhuilleagach. Nettle-leaved bellflower, flùr-cluigeanach deanntag-dhuilleagach
network n 1 lìon-ceangail m gen lìn-cheangail, pl lìn-cheangail, lìontan-ceangail
2 ceanglaichean f pl. Through a scattered network, tro cheanglaichean sgapte
network a 1 obair-lìn f, pl obraichean-lìn. Computer network systems, siostaman obair-lìn coimpiutair. Teachers can use existing expertise and networks, faodaidh tidsearan feum a dhèanamh de dh’eòlas agus de dh’obraichean-lìn a tha ann cheana
2 lìon-ceangail m, gen & pl lìn-cheangail
neuter a neodrach. Neuter gender, gnè neodrach
neutral a 1 (politics) neo-phàirteach
2 (chemistry) neodrach
neutralise v tr (chemistry) neodraich, vn neodrachadh m
never adv 1 (of present time) neg plus uair sam bith. He never comes to see me, cha tig e a choimhead orm uair sam bith
2 (of future time) (a) neg plus a chaoidh. I shall always regret he did not come, bidh mi a-chaoidh a’ caoidh nach tàinig e
(b) neg plus gu bràth. I shall never see her again, chan fhaic mi i gu bràth tuilleadh
(c) neg plus am-feast
3 (of past time) neg plus a-riamh. I was never in England, cha robh mi a-riamh an Sasainn
4 uair sam bith. They should ensure that a child never leaves the premises unaccompanied, is còir gun dèan iad cinnteach nach fhàg neach-cloinne an togalach uair sam bith gun inbheach cuide rithe/ris
5 (used as emphatic negative) expressed with neg plus idir. Some pupils acquire the habits of recognition and categorisation readily, others never develop them without help, tha cuid de chloinn a thogas cleachdaidhean aithne agus seòrsaidh gu h-ealamh, cuid eile nach dèan sin idir às aonais cuideachaidh
nevertheless adv 1 air a shon sin. It is nevertheless assumed that work relating to the strand will begin in the years before attainment is assessed, gabhar ris air a shon sin gum bi obair a bhuineas ris an iall a’ tòiseachadh anns na bliadhnachan mum bi coileanadh air a mheasadh
2 na dhèidh sin. Nevertheless, pupils should be encouraged to start actively using Gaelic as soon as possible, na dhèidh sin bu chòir clann a bhrosnachadh gu bhith a’ tòiseachadh air Gàidhlig a chleachdadh cho tràth ’s a ghabhas
new a ùr, comp ùire. As a new story is begun, an uair a bhithear a’ tòiseachadh air sgeulachd ùir. To initiate new ideas, a bhith a’ cur bhun-bheachdan ùra mu choinneamh chàich. New effects can be achieved, ruigear air buaidhean ùra. Using computers will let all pupils explore some of the newer media, bheir cleachdadh choimpiutairean cothrom don chloinn air fad rannsachadh a dhèanamh air cuid de na meadhain as ùire. New fold mountains, beanntan iom-fhillte ùra. New industrial area, raon gnìomhachais ùr
newly acquired a phr ùr. As control over these newly acquired skills increases, mar a bhitheas smachd air na sgilean ùra seo a’ dol am meud
new town n phr baile m ùr, gen baile ùir, pl bailtean ùra
news n pl naidheachd f, pl naidheachdan. What’s your news? dè do naidheachd? They will have regular practice in listening to their classmates’ news, bidh cothrom cunbhalach aca air a bhith ag èisteachd ri naidheachdan an co-aoisean. Functional items such as news and documentary materials, nithean gnìomhachail mar naidheachdan agus prògraman fiosrachaidh
news item n phr naidheachd f, pl naidheachdan. A chapter from a novel or a single news item, caibideil a-mach à nobhail no aon naidheachd a-mhàin. Reports, letters and news items, aithisgean, litrichean agus naidheachdan
news sheet n phr duilleag-naidheachd f, gen duilleig-naidheachd, pl duilleagan-naidheachd
New Stone Age n phr Linn f Ùr na Cloiche, gen Linne Ùire na Cloiche
news story n phr naidheachd f, pl naidheachdan. Who is the author of news stories? cò as ùghdar do naidheachdan?
newsagent n bùth f phàipearan(-naidheachd), pl bùthan phàipearan
newsletter n litir-naidheachd f, pl litrichean-naidheachd
newspaper n pàipear-naidheachd m, gen pàipeir-naidheachd, pl pàipearan-naidheachd. Producing a newspaper, a bhith a’ cur pàipear-naidheachd a-mach
newspaper mod 1 pàipeir-naidheachd
2 o phàipearan-naidheachd. Newspaper items, pìosan o phàipearan-naidheachd
news-reader n leughadair-naidheachdan m, pl leughadairean-naidheachdan
next a ath. Comments on each of the attainment outcomes will help the pupil’s next teacher to plan a programme, bidh beachdan air gach aon de na builean coileanaidh nan cuideachadh don ath thidsear a bhitheas aig a’ phàiste ann a bhith ag ullachadh prògram
next adv expressed with an t-ath rud n phr. By showing them how to anticipate what will come next in the text, le bhith a’ nochdadh dhaibh mar a gheibh iad aithne air an ath rud a thig anns an teacsa. Teachers should ask pupils to predict what happens next, is còir do thidsearan iarraidh air a’ chloinn fàisneachd a dhèanamh air an ath rud a thachras
nickel n niceal m, gen niceil. Nickel-plated, pleitichte le niceal
nickel silver n phr airgead m niceil, gen airgid niceil
nickname n frith-ainm m, gen frith-ainme, pl frith-ainmean. He got this nickname in school, fhuair e am frith-ainm seo san sgoil
nickname v tr 1 thoir mar fhrith-ainm air, vn toirt mar fhrith-ainm air. They nick-named him “Fred”, thug iad “Fred” mar fhrith-ainm air
2 expressed with frith-ainm a bhith aig air. He was nicknamed “the Tailor”, ’s e “an Tàillear” am frith-ainm a bha aca air
nicotine n niocatain m
night n oidhche f, pl oidhcheannan
last night adv phr a-raoir
the night before last n phr, adv phr 1 an oidhche ro raoir
2 a bhòn-raoir
nightclothes n aodach-oidhche m, gen aodaich-oidhche
nightlife n beothalachd-oidhche f
nightmare n breisleach m, gen breislich
nightmarish a breisleachail
nimbostratus n nimbostratus m
nimbostratus mod nimbostratus. Nimbostratus cloud, sgòth nimbostratus
nimbus n (cloud) 1 nimbus m (does not exist in its own right as one of the ten basic cloud types)
2 sgòth f uisgeach, gen sgòtha uisgich, pl sgòthan uisgeach
nimbus mod nimbus. Nimbus cloud, sgòth nimbus
nitrate n niotrait f, gen niotrait
nitrogen n niotraigin, naitridean
no a 1 (a) expressed with neg. We have no eggs, chan eil uighean againn
(b) expressed with neg plus sam bith. They will retain strong rhythms which no prose text is likely to possess, bi ruitheam làidir annta fhathast nach bi e coltach a bhith aig teacsa sam bith ann an rosg
(c) expressed with neg plus idir. Although there are no targets in these strands, ged nach eil cuimsean idir anns na h-iallan seo. Others may have no immediate contact with Gaelic, cuid eile, ’s dòcha, aig nach eil dlùth cheangal idir ris a’ Ghàidhlig
(d) expressed with neg plus bi. No smacking, shaking or humiliation, cha bhithear a’ toirt sgleogan, a’ crathadh, no a’ tàmailteachadh
(e) expressed with neg plus bi plus ann. The group operates a policy of no physical punishment, tha a’ bhuidheann a’ cur an gnìomh poileasaidh nach bi peanasachadh corporra ann
2 expressed with cha cheadaichear. No hitting or kicking in the group, cha cheadaichear bualadh no breabadh sa bhuidhinn
no longer adv phr expressed with neg plus a-nis. Poems may no longer always have rhymes, ’s dòcha nach bi comhardadh daonnan a-nis anns na duain
no matter conj phr ge b’e air bith. No matter its length, complexity or the component in which it appears, ge b’e air bith dè cho fada no cho toinnte ’s a bhitheas e no dè an earrann anns a bheil e a’ nochdadh
no more than n phr gun a bhith os cionn. It is recommended that a proportion of this time (but no more than half of it) might be devoted to language work, thàtar a’ moladh gum faodaiste cuibhreann den ùine seo (ach gun sin a bhith os cionn leth na h-ùine) a thoirt do dh’obair cànain
oh no int phr ò gràin
noble n
nobles n pl uaislean m pl
noble a uasal
nod v tr
nodding a (botany) gogach. Nodding bur marigold, sgeachag Muire ghogach
node n nòd m, gen nòid, pl nòdan
nomad n iniltear m, gen inilteir, pl iniltearan
nomadic a 1 iniltearach. Nomadic farming, tuathanachas iniltearach. Nomadic herding, buachailleachd iniltearach
nominal a ainmearach. Nominal phrase, abairt ainmearach
nominative n ainmneach m, gen ainmnich
nominative a ainmneach. Nominative case, tuiseal ainmneach
non-coniferous a neo-chònaifearach. A non-coniferous wood, coille neo-chònaifearach
none pron gun gin
non-fiction n 1 fìorsgeul f, gen fìorsgeoil. Their own tastes in fiction and non-fiction, am miann fhèin a thaobh ficsean agus fìorsgeul. Including non-fiction, a’ gabhail a-staigh fìorsgeoil. Non-fiction itself includes journalism, works of history, astronomy, tha fìorsgeul fhèin a’ gabhail a-staigh naidheachdas, sgrìobhaidhean eachdraidh, reul-eòlas
2 neo-fhicsean m, gen neo-fhicsein
3 expressed with leabhraichean a thuilleadh air ficsean. Non-fiction should be readily available, tha còir làn chothrom a bhith ann air leabhraichean a thuilleadh air ficsean
non-fiction mod 1 fìorsgeoil. In non-fiction texts, ann an teacsaichean fìorsgeoil
2 neo-fhicsein
non-fictional a fìorsgeoil. With non-fictional texts, a thaobh theacsaichean fìorsgeoil
non-finite a 1 neo-chrìochnach
2 neo-fhinideach
non-Gaelic a 1 gun Ghàidhlig. Children from non-Gaelic backgrounds, clann à àrainneachd gun Ghàidhlig
2 nach buin don Ghàidhlig. Television presents views of the world which are determined by non-Gaelic concerns, tha an telebhisean a’ cur fa chomhair dhaoine seallaidhean den t-saoghal a tha air am bonntachadh air nithean nach buin don Ghàidhlig
non-Gaelic speaking a phr expressed with neg plus a’ Ghàidhlig na cànain…. For some schools in non-Gaelic speaking areas, do chuid de sgoiltean ann an àiteachan far nach eil a’ Ghàidhlig na cànain choimhearsnachd
non-kernel a neo-eiteanach
non-lexicalised a neo-fhaclairichte. Non-lexicalised compound, facal fillte neo-fhaclairichte
non-linguistic a nach buin do chànain. This unit of language may contain non-linguistic features of communication, faodaidh an t-aonad cànain seo seòrsachan co-luadair a ghabhail a-staigh nach buin do chànain
non-magnetic a neo-mhagnaiteach
non-narrative a 1 neo-sheanchasail. Non-narrative writing is often undertaken in the context of other curriculum areas, bidh sgrìobhadh neo-sheanchasail gu tric ga ghabhail os làimh ann an suidhichidhean eile sa chlàr-theagaisg
2 nach buin don stòiridh. A wider range of non-narrative texts and functional texts, barrachd theacsaichean, feadhainn nach buin don stòiridh agus feadhainn ghnìomhachail
3 a bharrachd air stòiridhean. They will be asked to extend their ability to write non-narrative texts, bithear a’ sùileachadh orra gun leudaich iad an comas air a bhith a’ sgrìobhadh theacsaichean a bharrachd air stòiridhean
non-official a neo-oifigeil. Non-official document, sgrìobhainn neo-oifigeil
non-palatalised a neo-phalataichte
non-porous a neo-phòrach, neo-phòrasach
non-renewable a neo-leantainneach. Non-renewable resources, stòrasan neo-leantainneach
non-toxic a neo-thocsaineach. Non-toxic substances, stuthan neo-thocsaineach
non-verbal a 1 nach eil a’ cur feum air faclan. Pupils can be entertainingly introduced to simple non-verbal skills, faodar a’ chlann cuideachd, ann an dòigh spòrsail, a chur an aithne sgilean sìmplidh nach eil a’ cur feum air faclan
2 nach buin idir do dh’fhaclan. They should be made aware of non-verbal aspects, bu chòir mothachadh a thoirt dhaibh air nithean nach buin idir do dh’fhaclan
3 às aonais fhaclan. Non-verbal enhancement of talk should also be more evident, tha còir gum bitheadh feobhas labhairt às aonais fhaclan nas fhollaisiche cuideachd
nor conj 1 cha mhò. Nor does it mean that smaller units are neglected, cha mhò tha seo a’ ciallachadh nach eil àite ga thoirt do na h-aonadan beaga
normal a 1 àbhaisteach
2 gnàthach
3 expressed with gu làitheil. The normal activities of a busy classroom provide many real opportunities for pupils to convey information, tha iomadach fìor chothrom anns na bheil a’ dol gu làitheil ann an clas trang do chloinn a bhith a’ cur fiosrachaidh an cèill
in the normal course of prep phr expressed with làitheil a. Pupils will pay attention to handwriting in the normal course of composing their own writing, bheir a’ chlann aire do làmh-sgrìobhadh ann a bhith a’ cur an cuid sgrìobhaidh làitheil ri chèile
normally adv 1 anns a’ chumantas. The purposes for which they are normally used, na h-adhbhair air an cur gu feum anns a’ chumantas. The bulk of the evidence the teacher requires should normally come from the first of these sources, anns a’ chumantas ’s ann às a’ chiad raon dhiubh seo as còir a’ mhòrchuid den dearbhadh a thighinn air a bheil feum aig an tidsear
2 am bitheantas. This is the word ending which normally occurs in the dialect for the second person singular of the conditional tense, ’s e seo an deireadh-facail a gheibhear am bitheantas san dualchainnt air an dàra pearsa shingilte den tràth chumhach
3 mar as dual. Pupils will engage in a programme which will occur, normally, after skills in talking and listening are well established, bidh a’ chlann a’ dol an sàs ann am prògram a bhios aca, mar as dual, an uair a tha sgilean labhairt agus èisteachd air an làn stèidheachadh
Norse pr n (language) Lochlannais f
Old Norse pr n Seann Lochlannais
Old Norse mod san t-Seann Lochlannais. The Old Norse sagas, na sagathan san t-Seann Lochlannais
Norse a Lochlannach
Norseman pr n Lochlannach m, gen & pl Lochlannaich
north a a-tuath
North Pole n phr am Pòla m Tuath, gen a’ Phòla Tuath
north adv tuath
north-east adv an ear-thuath
north-east by east adv an ear-thuath is a bhith an ear
north-east by north adv an ear-thuath is a bhith tuath
Northern a ceann a-tuath plus gen. Gaelic was once the language of some of Northern England, b’ i a’ Ghàidhlig aig aon àm a’ chànain a bha aig cuid de mhuinntir cheann a-tuath Shasainn
north-west adv an iar-thuath
north-west by west adv an iar-thuath is a bhith an iar
north-west by north adv an iar-thuath is a bhith tuath
Norway pr n Nirribhidh f
Norwegian pr n 1 Nirrbhidheach m, gen & pl Nirribhidhich
2 (language) Nirribhidhis f
not adv 1 (a) expressed with neg
(b) expressed with neg plus idir. Level E targets for learners are not equivalent to Level E in the attainment targets for Gaelic medium teaching, chan ionnan idir cuimsean-coileanaidh Ìre E airson luchd-ionnsachaidh agus Ìre E anns na cuimsean-coileanaidh airson teagasg tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig
2 expressed with às. I’ll go, rain or not, thèid mi, uisge ann no às
not only… but also… conj phr chan ann a-mhàin… ach cuideachd… Studying television programmes will provide a way of discussing not only content but also audience, ann a bhith a’ gabhail beachd air prògraman telebhisein gheibhear dòigh air beachdachadh chan ann a-mhàin air na bheil annta ach air luchd-amais cuideachd. The study of mass media enables pupils to increase not only their understanding, but also their critical appreciation and enjoyment of the mass media, tha a bhith a’ beachdachadh air na mòr mheadhain a’ toirt comais do chloinn leudachadh chan ann a-mhàin air an tuigse air na mòr mheadhain ach cuideachd air na dòighean anns an dèan iad measadh tuigseach, ciallach orra agus anns am faigh iad toileachadh asta
notation n
notation mod comharrachaidh. Notation card, cairt chomharrachaidh
note n nota f, pl notaichean. Pupils will learn to make rough notes as they listen, bidh a’ chlann a’ tòiseachadh air notaichean a dhèanamh fhad ’s a tha iad ag èisteachd. Note making will become a regular practice, thig gabhail notaichean gu bhith na chleachdadh cunbhalach. The teacher will help pupils make notes on a visit or a radio or TV programme, cuidichidh an tidsear a’ chlann gus notaichean a dhèanamh air tadhal no air prògram rèidio no telebhisein
note v tr 1 thoir an aire, vn toirt an aire. Note that not all of the procedures need be used, thoir an aire nach fheumar na h-iomairtean air fad a chleachdadh. It should be noted that assessment of writing is optional, tha còir an aire thoirt gur ann mar roghainn a tha measadh air sgrìobhadh. It is important to note that teachers retain scope and responsibility to choose forms and criteria for assessment, tha e cudthromach a bhith a’ toirt an aire gu bheil fhathast cothrom aig tidsearan, agus uallach orra cuideachd, a bhith a’ taghadh mhodhan agus comharraidhean measaidh
2 thoir iomradh air, vn toirt iomraidh air. As has been already noted in this section, mar a thugadh iomradh air cheana anns an Earrainn seo
3 thoir cunntas air, vn toirt cunntais air. Applications of the computer for them are noted elsewhere, tha cunntas air a thoirt an àite eile air mar a chleachdar an coimpiutar leothasan
4 gabh cunntas air, vn gabhail cunntais air. Noting and attending to specific problems which may impede the learning process, a’ gabhail cunntais air duilgheadasan sònraichte a dh’fhaodas bacadh a chur air ionnsachadh, agus a’ frithealadh orra
5 ainmich, vn ainmeachadh m. Possessing Gaelic gives an entry, as has been noted, to different forms of employment, tha comas sa Ghàidhlig a’ toirt cothroim air obair de chaochladh sheòrsachan, mar a chaidh ainmeachadh cheana
note-taking n 1 gabhail m notaichean
2 expressed with notaichean a ghabhail. This might include simple note-taking, dh’fhaodadh seo gabhail a-staigh notaichean sìmplidh a ghabhail
nothing pron expressed with neg plus càil m. I ate nothing, cha d’ ith mi càil. These refuse tips were made in such a way that nothing would leak out of them, chaidh na h-òtraichean seo a dhèanamh air dhòigh ’s nach aoideanadh càil asta
notice n sanas m, gen sanais, pl sanasan. In notices, concerts and multicultural events, ann an sanasan, ann an consartan agus ann an tachartasan ioma-chultarail. From signs, labels and notices, o shoidhnichean, o bhileagan agus o shanasan
bring to notice v phr thoir gu aire, vn toirt gu aire. It has been brought to my notice, chaidh a thoirt gu m’aire
notice v tr 1 thoir aire do, vn toirt aire do. To listen to texts to notice unfamiliar vocabulary and forms, èisteachd ri teacsaichean gus aire thoirt do bhriathrachas agus do ghnàthasan nach eilear eòlach orra
2 (a) gabh beachd, vn gabhail beachd
(b) gabh beachd air, vn gabhail beachd air
noticeable a 1 sònraichte. There was a noticeable taste of the water, bha blas sònraichte den uisge
2 expressed with air an cuireadh neach umhail. It causes no noticeable taste in the water, chan fhag e blas sam bith air an cuireadh neach umhail san uisge
notice-board n bòrd-shanas m, gen & pl bùird-shanas
noting n expressed with a bhith a’ gabhail cunntais. Pupils and teacher can agree on a checklist or grid which will be used for noting and recording observations, faodaidh an tidsear agus a’ chlann aontachadh air liosta-dearbhaidh no air clèith a bhithear a’ cleachdadh gu bhith a’ gabhail cunntais air beachdan
notion n 1 beachd m, pl beachdan. The secretarial skills are capable of improvement only when the young writer has some notion of what to say, cha ghabh piseach thoirt air na sgilean eagrachaidh gu bràth gus am bi rudeigin de bheachd aig an sgrìobhadair òg air dè their e
2 smuain f, pl smuaintean. Banks of materials organised on the basis of functions and notions or of topics, bancaichean de stuthan air an cur air dòigh air bhonn ghnìomhan agus smuaintean no air bhonn chuspairean
3 expressed with nì m mar tha …, pl nithean etc. The notions of openings, turning points, resolutions can be introduced, faodar nithean mar tha fosglaidhean, tionndaidhean agus fuasglaidhean a thoirt a-steach
noun n ainmear m, gen ainmeir, pl ainmearan
abstract noun n phr ainmear m eas-chruthach, gen ainmeir eas-chruthaich, pl ainmearan-eas-chruthach
agent noun n phr ainmear m obraiche, gen ainmeir obraiche, pl ainmearan obraiche
collective noun n phr ainmear m trusaidh, gen ainmeir thrusaidh, pl ainmearan trusaidh
common noun n phr ainmear m gnàthach, gen ainmeir ghnàthaich, pl ainmearan gnàthach
numerical noun n phr ainmear m àireamhach, gen ainmeir àireamhaich, pl ainmearan àireamhach
proper noun n phr ainmear m sònrachaidh, gen ainmeir shònrachaidh, pl ainmearan sònrachaidh
verbal noun n phr ainmear m gnìomhaireach, gen ainmeir ghnìomhairich, pl ainmearan gnìomhaireach
nounal a ainmearach. Nounal phrase, abairt ainmearach
nourish v tr beathaich, vn beathachadh m
nourishment n beathachadh m, gen beathachaidh
novel n nobhail f, pl nobhailean. A chapter from a novel, caibideil a-mach à nobhail
novel a annasach, comp annasaiche
novelette n nobhail f bheag, gen nobhaile bige, pl nobhailean beaga
novelist n nobhailiche m, pl nobhailichean
novelty n annas m, gen annais, pl annasan
now adv 1 a-nis, or a-nise. Pupils’ experience of listening can now extend to other texts, faodar leudachadh a-nis a dhèanamh air eòlas na cloinne air èisteachd a dh’ionnsaigh theacsaichean eile
2 an-dràsta
just now adv an-ceartuair
now and then, now and again adv phr 1 aig amannan
2 air uairean
3 an-dràsta is a-rithist
now inter nise. Now, stop it! nise, sguir!
nuance n nuans f, pl nuansan
nuclear a niuclasach. Nuclear power, cumhachd niuclasach
nucleate v tr
nucleated a cruinn. Nucleated settlement, tuineachadh cruinn
number n 1 àireamh f, gen àireimh, pl àireamhan. No., Àir. Even number, àireamh chothromach. Odd number, àireamh corra. Exact number, àireamh mhionaideach. Prime number, prìomh àireamh. Square number, àireamh ceàrnagach. Whole number, àireamh shlàn. A number of broad attainment outcomes, mar àireamh de bhuilean coileanaidh a bhithear a’ stèidheachadh anns an fharsaingeachd. One of a large number of minority European languages, aon de dh’àireamh mhòr mhion-chànanan na h-Eòrpa. Each one with a number of strands or aspects of learning, gach aon le àireamh iallan no meuran ionnsachaidh
2 expressed with ann an àireamh. They will demonstrate that they can write for a growing number of audiences, seallaidh iad gu bheil iad comasach air sgrìobhadh do luchd-amais a tha a’ meudachadh ann an àireamh
3 grunnan m, gen grunnain. Which will have been developed over a number of years, bidh iad seo air an toirt gu ìre feadh grunnan bhliadhnachan. A number of local and national production programmes exist, tha grunnan ann de phrògraman deasachaidh ionadail agus nàiseanta
4 cunntas m, gen cunntais. Apply the information acquired from a number of different sources, a’ cur gu feum am fiosrachadh a fhuaras o chunntas ghoireasan eadar-dhealaichte
5 caochladh m. Pupils will write for a number of readerships, bidh a’ chlann a’ sgrìobhadh airson caochladh luchd-leughaidh. Pupils receiving a Gaelic education will have a number of different backgrounds, bidh clann a tha a’ faighinn oideachadh ann an Gàidhlig à caochladh sheòrsachan àrainneachd
6 not directly expressed. To take advantage of the growing number of employment opportunities, gus cothrom a ghabhail air na cothroman cosnaidh, agus iad sin a’ dol am meud. Once a sufficient number of texts has been read to them, aon uair ’s gu bheil gu leòr de theacsaichean air an leughadh dhaibh. Markers should be simple and few in number, bu chòir na comharraidhean a bhith sìmplidh agus gun ach beagan a bhith ann dhiubh. This strand includes an increasing number of terms and concepts to be used in discussions about language generally, anns an èill seo tha am barrachd ’s am barrachd de bhriathran ’s de bhun-smuaintean a tha gus an cleachdadh ann am beachdachadh air cànain san fharsaingeachd
number mod 1 àireimh. Number code, còd àireimh. Number line, loidhne àireimh. Number name, ainm àireimh
2 àireamhan. Number sequence, ruith àireamhan. Number square, ceàrnag àireamhan. Number strip, srianag àireamhan
cardinal number n phr àireamh f àrdail
dual number n phr an àireamh f dhùbailte
numeral number n phr àireamh f òrdail
plural number n phr an àireamh f iomarra
singular number n phr an àireamh shingilte
number v tr
numbered a le àireamhan. The numbered points are the positions from which the drawings were made, ’s iad na puingean le àireamhan na suidheachaidhean bhon deach na dealbhan a dhèanamh
numbering n àireamhachd f
numeral n 1 cunntair m, pl cunntairean. Ordinal numeral, cunntair òrdail
2 figear m, gen figeir, pl figearan
numeral a àireamhach
numerate a àireamh-oileanaichte. Literate and numerate, litir-oileanaichte agus àireamh-oileanaichte
numerator n àireamhaiche m, pl àireamhaichean. Numerator and denominator, àireamhaiche agus seòrsaiche
numeric, numerical a 1 àireamhach; àireamhail. Numerical adjective, buadhair àireamhach. Numerical noun, ainmear àireamhach. Numeric particle, mion-fhacal àireamhail
2 àireamhachd. Numerical system, siostam àireamhachd
nurse n 1 banaltram f, gen banaltraim, pl banaltraman
2 bean-eiridinn f, gen mnà-eiridinn, pl mnathan-eiridinn
3 nurs f, pl nursaichean
nurse v tr altraim, vn altram m, altramadh m
nursing n 1 altram m, gen altraim
2 (in hospital etc) banaltramachd f
nursery n seòmar-altraim m, gen seòmair-altraim, pl seòmraichean-altraim
nursery mod 1 don t-seòmar-altraim, Nursery furniture, àirneis don t-seòmar-altraim
2 ro-sgoile. The use of Gaelic in nursery, primary, secondary and tertiary education in Scotland, cleachdadh na Gàidhlig ann am foghlam ro-sgoile, bun-sgoile, àrd-sgoile agus colaiste ann an Alba
nursery rhyme n phr duanag f chloinne, pl duanagan chloinne. Some pupils will be familiar with nursery rhymes, bidh cuid de chloinn eòlach air duanagan chloinne
nursery school n phr sgoil f àraich, pl sgoiltean àraich
nurture v tr 1 àraich, vn àrach m. All children will be respected and their individuality and potential recognised, valued and nurtured, bheirear urram do gach aon neach-cloinne; bheirear àite dligheach da pearsantachd air leth agus do na dh’fhaodas i a thoirt gu ìre, agus thèid na feartan seo àrach is thèid luach a chur orra
2 oidich, vn oideachadh m. Teachers must be attentive to pupils abilities and capabilities, nurturing them in constructive, interesting ways, feumaidh làn aire bhith aig tidsearan air comasan cloinne ’s air cho fada ’s a ghabhas an sìneadh. Bu chòir dhaibh an oideachadh ann an dòighean a tha feumail agus inntinneach
nutrient n 1 beathachadh m, gen beathachaidh
2 stuth-beathachaidh m, gen stuth-bheathachaidh, pl stuthan-beathachaidh. Heather is gradually colonising the richer grasslands as the nutrients disappear from these soils, tha am fraoch mean air mhean a’ tighinn a-steach don talamh-fheòir as torraiche mar a tha na stuthan-beathachaidh a’ falbh às na h-ùirean seo
nutrient mod beathachaidh. Nutrient cycle, cuairteachadh beathachaidh
nutriment n beathachadh m, gen beathachaidh
O
oasis n innis-fàsaich f, gen innse-fàsaich, pl innsean-fàsaich
oat-cake n aran-coirce m, gen arain-choirce
oath n bòid f, gen bòide, pl bòidean
oats n coirce m. Small enclosures were made to grow oats, chaidh àiteachan-iadhaidh beaga a dhèanamh anns am bitheadh coirce a’ fàs
object n 1 (grammar) (a) oibseig f, pl oibseigean
(b) cuspair m, pl cuspairean
2 nì m, pl nithean. Pupils will use everyday expressions and words for common objects, bidh a’ chlann a’ cleachdadh ràdhan cumanta agus fhaclan airson nithean cumanta
objective n 1 amas m, pl amasan. But rather clarifying the aims and objectives for the whole class, ach a’ soilleireachadh chuimsean agus amasan don chlas air fad. Tasks should have clear, identifiable objectives, tha còir amasan soilleir a bhith aig iomairtean gus an aithnichear iad
2 expressed with fa-near do prep phr. The key objectives of the Immersion phase are to:, ’s e tha gu sònraichte fa-near don ùine Dhrùdhaidh:
objective a 1 cothromach. Objective view, beachd cothromach
2 (grammar) oibseigeach. The objective case, an tuiseal oibseigeach
obligation n 1 uallach m, gen uallaich, pl uallaichean. Pupils will understand statements and questions about obligations, bidh a’ chlann a’ tuigsinn ràdhan agus ceistean mu uallaichean
2 expressed with faic mar uallach. Convey and understand information about future intentions and obligations, thoir seachad agus tuig fiosrachadh mu na bhitheas an dùil a dhèanamh agus na bhitheas a’ faicinn mar uallach
oblique n, oblique slash n phr fiar-sgoradh m, gen fiar-sgoraidh, pl fiar-sgoraidhean
oblique a fiar. Oblique case, tuiseal fiar
oblique view n phr siar shealladh m, gen siar-sheallaidh, pl siar-sheallaidhean
oblong n fad-shliosach m, gen & pl fad-shliosaich. What do you think the pale brown oblong shows? dè a shaoileas tu a tha am fad-shliosach soilleir dhonn a’ sealltainn?
oblong a fad-shliosach
observant a furachail
observation n 1 (a) beachd m, pl beachdan. Pupils and teacher can agree on a checklist or grid which will be used for noting and recording observations, faodaidh an tidsear agus a’ chlann aontachadh air liosta-dearbhaidh no air clèith a bhithear a’ cleachdadh gu bhith a’ gabhail cunntais air beachdan
(b) beachdachadh m, gen beachdachaidh, pl beachdachaidhean
2 gnothach m, gen gnothaich, pl gnothaichean. Cultural observations about the child relevant to the pre-school group, gnothaichean cultair mun leanabh a bhuineas don bhuidhinn ro-sgoile
3 not directly expressed. They may analyse by observation the nature of physical difficulties in handwriting, faodaidh iad geur-sgrùdadh a dhèanamh air gnè thrioblaidean corparra ann an làmh-sgrìobhadh
observatory n amharc-lann m, gen amharc-lainn, pl amharclannan
observe v tr 1 (a) beachdaich, vn beachdachadh m
(b) (i) gabh beachd, vn gabhail beachd
(ii) gabh beachd air, vn gabhail beachd air
2 (a) gabh ealla, vn gabhail ealla. The teacher will help pupils to observe, cuidichidh an tidsear a’ chlann gu bhith a’ gabhail ealla. While involved in investigating, observing, etc., fhad ’s a tha iad an sàs a’ rannsachadh, a’ gabhail ealla, agus mar sin
(b) gabh ealla ri, vn gabhail ealla ri. He will withdraw for much of the time to observe, bidh e a’ tarraing a-mach às a’ chùis fad mòran ùine gus a bhith a’ gabhail ealla riutha. Regular activities which can provide the teacher with occasions for observing and assessing progress, gnìomhan cunbhalach a dh’fhaodas cothrom a thoirt don tidsear gu bhith a’ gabhail ealla ri adhartas agus ga mheasadh
3 cum ri, vn cumail f ri. The following principles should be observed, bu chòir cumail ris na prionnsabalan a leanas
4 amhairc air, vn amharc air. A structured report might be written of an experiment observed, dh’fhaoidte aithisg stèidhichte a sgrìobhadh mu phrobhadh air an robhas ag amharc
5 coimhid air, vn coimhead air. They may observe listening behaviour, faodaidh iad coimhead air giùlan ann an èisteachd
obsession n beò-ghlacadh m, gen beò-ghlacaidh
obstacle n cnap-starra m, gen cnaip-starra, pl cnapan-starra
obstruct v tr cuir bacadh air, vn cur bacaidh air
obstruction n bacadh m, gen bacaidh, pl bacaidhean
obtain v tr 1 faigh, vn faotainn f. And can obtain particular information, agus gu bheil iad comasach air fiosrachadh sònraichte fhaotainn. Pupils are expected to enjoy and obtain enrichment from a text, thàtar a’ sùileachadh gum bi a’ chlann a’ faotainn toileachaidh agus àrdachaidh à teacsa
2 tog, vn togail f. Pupils are expected to obtain particular information from a text, thàtar a’ sùileachadh gum bi a’ chlann a’ togail fiosrachaidh shònraichte à teacsa
obtuse a farsainn. Obtuse angle, ceàrn farsainn
obtuse-angled a le ceàrn farsaing. Obtuse-angled triangle, triantan le ceàrn farsaing
obvious a follaiseach, comp follaisich. Show recognition of one obvious difference between two simple texts, a’ nochdadh gu bheil aithne aca air aon eadar-dhealachadh follaiseach eadar dà theacsa shìmplidh. There are obvious markers in the way texts begin, tha comharraidhean follaiseach anns an dòigh anns a bheil teacsaichean a’ tòiseachadh. Visits from companies or excursions to the theatre are obvious ways of involving pupils with drama, dòighean follaiseach gus clann a chur an lùib dràma ’s e companaidhean a bhith a’ tadhal, no a’ chlann fhèin a bhith a’ dol don taigh-chluiche
occasion n 1 àm m, pl amannan. They should include occasions when pupils learn to assess their own work, tha còir gun gabh iad a-staigh amannan a bhitheas a’ chlann ag ionnsachadh mar a mheasas iad an cuid obrach fhèin
2 expressed with cothrom m. Regular activities which can provide the teacher with occasions for assessing progress, gnìomhan cunbhalach a dh’fhaodas cothrom a thoirt don tidsear gu bhith a’ measadh adhartais
on occasion adv 1 uairean. They will also read, on occasion aloud, bidh iad cuideachd a’ leughadh, uairean os n-àird
2 aig amannan. Advice which will, on occasion, be relevant to the curriculum, comhairle a bhitheas, aig amannan, a’ bualadh air a’ chlàr-theagaisg
occasional a 1 expressed with an-dràsta ’s a-rithist. Pupils’ writing of poetry will be aided by their reading aloud and occasional verse-speaking, bidh a’ chlann air an cuideachadh ann a bhith a’ sgrìobhadh bàrdachd le bhith a’ leughadh a-mach agus le bhith ag aithris bàrdachd an-dràsta ’s a-rithist
2 expressed with o àm gu àm. Occasional procedures which enable the teacher to take a closer look at progress and needs, iomairtean o àm gu àm a bheir cothrom don tidsear sùil nas gèire thoirt air adhartas agus air feuman
occasionally adv corra uair. They will be needed only occasionally, cha bhi feum orra ach corra uair
occlude v tr 1 stop, vn stopadh m
2 druid, vn druideadh m
occluded a druidte. Occluded front, aghaidh dhruidte
occupy v tr gabh còmhnaidh an, vn gabhail còmhnaidh an. Though the land may have been occupied from the times of the earliest human settlement, ged a dh’fhaodadh e bhith gu robh luchd-tuineachaidh bho na h-amannan a bu tràithe a’ gabhail còmhnaidh san àite
2 expressed with lìon, vn lìonadh m. The space occupied by a given amount of water, an spàs a lìonas uimhir shònraichte de dh’uisge
occur v i 1 tachair, vn tachairt f. This unstressed rhyme occurs in a number of lines, tha an comhardadh gun chudthrom a tha seo a’ tachairt ann an grunnan shreathan. One might think that this equivalence in frequency could not occur by chance, shaoileadh neach nach bitheadh a’ cho-ionannachd seo ann an tricead a’ tachairt le tuiteamas. Plan the work of the organisation so as to minimise situations where the abuse of children may occur, socraich obair na buidhne air dhòigh a lùghdaicheas suidhichidhean far am faodadh droch-dhìol cloinne tachairt
2 (a) bi. One would have to name the kind of feet occuring in the lines as well as give the formula for the syllables, dh’fheumte an seòrsa throìghean a bha air na sreathan ainmeachadh cho math ri foirmle nan lidean a thoirt
(b) expressed with bi ann. Opportunities to talk together will occur in class activities, bidh cothrom ann a bhith a’ bruidhinn còmhla ann an obair a’ chlas
(c) expressed with bi aig. Pupils will engage in a programme which will occur after skills in talking and listening are well established, bidh a’ chlann a’ dol an sàs ann am prògram a bhios aca an uair a tha sgilean labhairt agus èisteachd air an làn stèidheachadh
3 thèid air adhart, vn dol air adhart. Though talking and listening often occur in proximity to each other, ged a bhitheas labhairt agus èisteachd a’ dol air adhart gu tric an dlùth dhàimh ri chèile. It is through talking with peers, teachers and other adults that much of pupils’ learning will occur, is ann tro bhith a’ còmhradh le co-aoisean, luchd-teagaisg agus inbhich eile a tha deagh chuid de dh’ionnsachadh chloinne a’ dol air adhart
4 gabh àite, vn gabhail àite. Any incident will be dealt with as soon as it occurs, thèid dèiligeadh ri gach tachartas cho luath ’s a ghabhas e àite
5 not directly expressed. The phrase “ceanna maol” has in fact only two syllables, with an epenthetic vowel occuring between the noun and the adjective, ’s ann a tha dà lide a-mhain anns an abairt “ceanna maol”, leis an fhuaimreig eipinteataich eadar an t-ainmear is am buadhair
occuring as it does v phr expressed with is e; agus e. The article is completely elided here, occuring as it does between the final vowel of “mi” and word-initial “l-” of “làmh”, tha an t-alt air a bhathadh gu h-iomlan an seo, is e eadar an fhuaimreag dheireannach de “mi” agus an “l-” aig toiseach an fhacail “làmh”
occur to v phr thig a-steach air. It occured to her, thàinig e a-steach oirre
occurrence n nì m. This is a common occurrence, is nì cumanta seo
ocean n cuan m, gen cuain, pl cuantan
ocean mod cuain. Ocean current, sruth cuain. Ocean trench, trainnse-ùrlair chuain
ochre n òcair f, gen òcaire. This marking fluid was originally red ochre, ’s e òcair ruadh a bha anns an lionnach-chomharrachaidh seo an toiseach
octagon n ochd-cheàrnach m, gen & pl ochd-cheàrnaich
octagonal a ochd-cheàrnach
octahedron n octaiheadran m, gen & pl octaiheadrain
octopus n 1 giobarnach-meurach m, gen giobarnaich-mheuraich, pl giobarnaich-mheurach
2 ochd-chasach m, gen & pl ochd-chasaich
odd a 1 (peculiar) (a) èibhinn
(b) toisg
(c) ait, comp aite
3 (not even) còrr; corra. Odd number, àireamh chòrr; àireamh chorra. Odd and even numbers, àireamhna corra agus cothromach. There are an odd number (one or three) of syllables with lesser stress between each syllable with main stress, tha àireamh chòrr (a h-aon no a trì) de lidean le cudthrom as lugha eadar gach lide le prìomh chudthrom
odd one out n phr 1 fear, tè a tha diofraichte ri càch, nach eil coltach ri càch
2 conadal m, gen & pl conadail
oddness n (being peculiar) aiteas m, gen aiteis
ode n duan m, gen & pl duain
odour n boltrach m, gen & pl boltraich
oesophagus n 1 oesophagus m, pl oesophagi
2 sgòrnan m, gen sgòrnain, pl sgòrnanan
of prep 1 expressed with gen. This will include the requirements of the main areas of the curriculum, bidh seo a’ gabhail a-staigh feumalachdan nam prìomh roinnean den chlàr-theagaisg. This can be considered in the supportive situation of small groups, faodar beachdachadh air seo ann an suidheachadh taiceil bhuidhnean beaga
2 à (plus dat). Any worthwhile Gaelic activity will move in and out of components and through varying combinations of strands, bidh gnìomh Gàidhlig sam bith as fhiach an t-saothair a’ gluasad a-mach agus a-steach à earrainnean agus tro chaochladh chothlamadh iallan
3 air (plus dat). They were of little use, bha iad air bheag feum. Look out of the window, seall a-mach air an uinneig. Praise of attempts, however limited, moladh ga dhèanamh air oidhirpean, beag ’s gum bi iad. The exchange of feelings and information, iomlaid air faireachdainnean agus fiosrachadh. Including the recognition of genres, agus sin a’ gabhail a-staigh aithneachadh air gnè. A bank of the most commonly used functional words can be built, faodar tasgadh a dhèanamh air na faclan gnìomhachail as trice thàtar a’ cleachdadh. These skills will be consolidated by the repetition of language, bidh na sgilean seo air an daingneachadh le atharrais air cainnt. Understanding what is required of them enables pupils to focus their minds on how to meet it, tha tuigse air na thàtar a’ sùileachadh orra a’ toirt cothroim don chloinn an inntinn a leagail air mar a choileanas iad sin. Twenty miles east of here, fichead mìle an ear air an seo
4 de (plus dat). This will include the requirements of the main areas of the curriculum, bidh seo a’ gabhail a-staigh feumalachdan nam prìomh roinnean den chlàr-theagaisg. The teacher will provide good models of reading, bheir an tidsear dhaibh deagh bhuill-sampail de leughadh. For a piece of personal research, airson pìos de rannsachadh pearsanta. Attractive displays of posters, taisbeanaidhean tarraingeach de shanasairean
5 aig (plus dat). Some of the basic structures of such functional texts as interviews, cuid de na bun-structairean aig teacsaichean gnìomhachail mar tha agallamhan. Drawings which will be elaborated to provide detail and form the basis of a story, dealbhan a bhithear a’ leudachadh orra gus làn fhiosrachadh a thoirt seachad agus gus a bhith nam màthair-adhbhair aig stòiridh. Teachers of pupils beginning Gaelic in S1, na tidsearan aig a’ chloinn a tha a’ tòiseachadh air a’ Ghàidhlig ann an A1. To study the effects of the relationship between sound and vision, a bhith a’ rannsachadh dè a’ bhuaidh a tha aig an dàimh eadar fuaim is fradharc. Teachers might show that Gaelic was once the language of most of mainland Scotland, dh’fhaodadh tidsearan a nochdadh gum b’ i a’ Ghàidhlig aig aon àm a’ chànain a bha aig a’ chuid as motha de thìr-mòr na h-Alba
6 (a) an prep (plus dat). Debates of the Scottish Parliament, deasbadan sa Phàrlamaid Albannaich. Non-narrative writing is often undertaken in the context of other curriculum areas, bidh sgrìobhadh neo-sheanchasail gu tric ga ghabhail os làimh ann an suidhichidhean eile sa chlàr-theagaisg. Increased independence of learning, barrachd neo-eisimeileachd ann an ionnsachadh. To focus attention on particular aspects of the situation, aire shònraichte a thoirt do nithean àraidh anns an t-suidheachadh
(b) a gheibhear an (plus dat). Note the more fertile grasslands of the hill-fields, thoir an aire don talamh-fheòir as torraiche a gheibhear anns na h-achaidhean. Resources will be chosen to give children an appreciation of the rich diversity of our multi-racial society, thèid stuth-taice a thaghadh gus tuigse a thoirt do chloinn air an iomadalachd shaidhbhir a gheibhear nar comann-sòisealta ioma-chinealtach
7 tro (plus dat). To ensure that Gaelic continues to be acquired within a natural setting of social interaction, gus dèanamh cinnteach gum bi a’ Ghàidhlig fhathast ga togail ann an suidheachadh nàdarrach, tro chonaltradh sòisealta
8 o (plus dat). Without the additional hurdle of another skill such as writing, gun duilgheadas a bharrachd a bhith a’ tighinn orra o sgil eile mar tha leughadh
9 le (plus dat). Next to each one draw a square of the right land-use colour, ri taobh gach fear dèan ceàrnag leis an dath a tha freagarrach a thaobh cleachdaidh-fhearainn
10 a thaobh (plus gen). Pupils’ understanding of the nature, structure and conventions of Gaelic, tuigse na cloinne a thaobh nàdar, structar agus modhan na Gàidhlig. Problems in knowledge and understanding of particular words and phrases, duilgheadasan a thaobh eòlas agus tuigse air faclan agus air abairtean sònraichte. Choices of texts to be heard or read, taghaidhean a thaobh theacsaichean a bhithear a’ cluinntinn no a’ leughadh
11 a bhuineas do, a tha a’ buntainn ri. And also some of the technical terms of literature and the mass media, agus cuideachd àireamh de na briathran teicneolach a bhuineas do litreachas agus do na mòr mheadhain. Pupils will use some of the conventions of a chosen literary form, bidh a’ chlann a’ cur an gnìomh cuid de chleachdaidhean a bhuineas do mhodh litreachail a chaidh a thaghadh. The rationale describes the main features of the Gaelic curriculum, tha an Fheallsanachd a’ toirt cunntais air na prìomh nithean a bhuineas do chlàr-teagaisg na Gàidhlig. To learn the disciplines of effective speaking, gus an rian a bhuineas do labhairt èifeachdach ionnsachadh. A framework is needed, clearly establishing the most important features of this curricular area, tha feum air beairt a stèidhicheas gu soilleir na nithean as cudthromaiche a tha a’ buntainn ris a’ chlàr-theagaisg seo
12 a tha an cois (plus gen). The advantages of bilingualism should have an important place in teaching and learning, bu chòir àite cudthromach a bhith aig na buannachdan a tha an cois dà-chànanais ann an teagasg ’s ann an ionnsachadh
13 ceangailte ri. By releasing them from problems of poor co-ordination in handwriting, le bhith gan saoradh o thrioblaidean ceangailte ri co-òrdanachadh uireasbhaidheach ann an làmh-sgrìobhadh
14 gus. A stimulating means of leading pupils to explore and discuss meaning, meadhan brosnachaidh gus clann a threòrachadh gu bhith a’ rannsachadh brìgh ’s a’ beachdachadh air sin
15 aig àm (plus gen). Group discussion of first draft can help clarify effectiveness, faodaidh beachdachadh-buidhne aig àm a’ chiad dhreachd cuideachadh gus solas a chuir air èifeachd
16 expressed with bi v. Teachers should provide straightforward fiction of manageable length and style, tha còir aig tidsearan ficsean sìmplidh fhaotainn daibh a bhitheas nan comas a chleachdadh a thaobh faid agus stoidhle
17 expressed with ’s e sin. They should not dominate the principal aim of achieving communicative competence, chan eil còir aca bàrr a thoirt air a’ phrìomh amas, ’s e sin comas conaltraidh a thoirt gu buil
of being prep phr expressed with gum bithear. In which all feel free from fear of being criticised, anns am bi gach neach a’ faireachdainn saor o eagal gum bithear a’ cur sìos air
of course adv 1 gun teagamh
2 expressed with gun luaidh air. A sense of dramatic movement essential for writing stories and, of course, plays, mothachadh air gluasad dramataigeach, rud a tha fìor èiseil airson sgeulachdan a sgrìobhadh, gun luaidh air dealbh-chluichean fhèin
3 not expressed. All the above genres can, of course, be further refined, faodar na seòrsachan gnè sin uile a dhèanamh nas mìne fhathast
offend v tr toir oilbheum do, vn toirt oilbheim do
offence n oilbheum m, gen oilbheim
offensive a 1 oilbheumach
2 a bheir oilbheum. No swearing or use of offensive language in the group, cha cheadaichear mionnan no cainnt a bheir oilbheum sa bhuidhinn
offer v 1 (a)tairg, vn tairgse. Part 1 offers advice concerning…, tha Pàirt 1 a’ tairgse comhairle mu…. Much of what is already offered, mòran de na thàtar a’ tairgse cheana. Respond relevantly by questioning, supporting an opinion or offering an alternative point of view, a’ freagairt gu h-iomchaidh le bhith a’ cur cheistean, a’ cur taice ri beachd no a’ tairgse barail eadar-dhealaichte. Pupils should have the opportunity to participate in the full range of experiences offered by Gaelic, bu chòir an cothrom a bhith aig cloinn a bhith a’ gabhail pàirt anns a h-uile aon fhiosrachadh a tha a’ Ghàidhlig a’ tairgse. It is offered only to promote further discussion, chan eilear ga thairgse ach dìreach gus an tuilleadh deasbaid a thogail
(b) cuir an tairgse, vn cur an tairgse. Activities and the use of play equipment offer children opportunities to develop in an environment free from prejudice and discrimination, tha gnìomhan-cluiche agus a bhith a’ cleachdadh stuth-chluiche a’ cur an tairgse cloinne chothroman air fàs ann an àrainneachd saor o chlaon-bhàidh agus o lethbhreith
2 (a) thoir, vn toirt. Respond by offering an opinion, a’ freagairt le bhith a’ toirt beachd. Both the process and the products will offer the teacher opportunities for assessment, bidh an dà chuid an dòigh-obrach agus na thig às an obair a’ toirt cothroim don tidsear air measadh a dhèanamh
(b) thoir seachad, vn toirt seachad. Class debates could offer more formal contexts, dh’fhaodadh deasbadan anns a’ chlas suidhichidhean na b’fhoirmeile a thoirt seachad. In order to offer comment on some aspects of author’s point of view and purpose, gus beachd a thoirt seachad air cuid de nithean a bhuineas do shealladh agus do dh’adhbhar an ùghdair. But they may well offer information to allow the curriculum to be revised, ach faodaidh iad air a shon sin fiosrachadh a thoirt seachad a bheir cothrom ath-sgrùdadh a dhèanamh air a’ chlàr-theagaisg
3 (a) cuir air adhart. To offer and justify their own opinions, am beachdan fhèin a chur air adhart agus a dhearbhadh
(b) cuir an cèill. To offer alternatives and raise issues, roghainnean a chur an cèill agus puingean a thogail
(c) cuir fa chomhair dhaoine. The programmes described here offer only general guidance, chan eil na prògraman air a bheil iomradh an-seo ach a’ cur stiùiridh choitchinn fa chomhair dhaoine
4 not directly expressed. In talking offer a personal response to the events, a’ freagairt ann an cainnt gu pearsanta fa chomhair na thachair. Offering a personal response to the events, a’ gabhail gu pearsanta ris na tachartasan. Teacher support will be less evident but will still offer guidance as necessary, cha bhi taice tidseir cho follaiseach ach fhathast bi seo a’ comhairleachadh mar a bhitheas sin riatanach. The whole curriculum offers a widening set of contexts for talk, tha na suidhichidhean labhairt a gheibhear anns a’ chlàr-theagaisg air fad a’ sìor mheudachadh. The teacher may at first offer structures for responses, anns a’ chiad dol a-mach faodaidh an tidsear cruth a chur air freagairtean
offer guidance v phr comhairlich, vn comhairleachadh. Teacher support will be less evident but will still offer guidance as necessary, cha bhi taice tidseir cho follaiseach ach fhathast bi seo a’ comhairleachadh mar a bhitheas sin riatanach
offered a 1 expressed with thàtar a’ tairgse. Beyond those offered at Level E, seach na thàtar a’ tairgse aig Ìre E. The advice offered here, a’ chomhairle a thàtar a’ tairgse an seo. The nature of that offered knowledge has also changed in recent practice, o chionn goirid tha caochladh air a thighinn air an dòigh anns a bheilear a’ tairgse an eòlais sin
2 expressed with a gheibhear. Real-life situations offered by the mass media, suidhichidhean anns an t-saoghal againn fhèin a gheibhear anns na mòr mheadhain
off-glide n (ling) sleamhnan-dheth m, gen & pl sleamhnain-dheth
office n oifis
office mod 1 oifis. Office work, obair oifis
2 san oifis. To office staff, dhaibhsan a tha ag obair san oifis
official a oifigeil. Official document, sgrìobhainn oifigeil. Official record, cunntas oifigeil
often adv gu tric. The teacher will be a model by reading aloud often, bidh an tidsear fhèin na eisimpleir le bhith a’ leughadh a-mach gu tric
oil n ola f, pl olaichean. Cod liver oil, ola nan trosg. Linseed oil, ola fhrois-lìn. Olive oil, ola chrainn-ola. Palm oil, ola phailme
oil mod ola. Oil slick, ùilleadh ola, uilleag ola
oil refinery n phr fìneadair-ola m, pl fìneadairean-ola
oil rig n phr 1 crann-ola m, gen & pl crainn-ola
2 rioga-ola m, pl riogachan-ola
oilfield n raon-ola m, gen raoin-ola, pl raointean-ola
ointment n 1 acfhainn f, pl acfhainnean
2 sàbh m, gen sàibh, pl sàbhan
old a 1 (a) sean, comp sine. The oldest rocks in Britain, na creagan as sine ann am Breatainn
(b) seann. Old industrial area, raon seann ghnìomhachais
2 aosta
older comp a 1 nas sine or as sine
2 sean. Interviews with older people will give a picture of former ways of life, bheir còmhraidhean ri seann daoine dealbh dhuinn air dòighean-beatha a dh’fhalbh. In older textbooks and methods, anns na seann leabhraichean agus leis na seann dòighean-teagaisg
old-fashioned a 1 seann-fhasanta
2 seann-nòsach
olive n (fruit) dearc-ola f, pl dearcan-ola
olive mod crainn-ola. Olive oil, ola chrainn-ola
olive-tree n crann-ola m, gen & pl crainn-ola
omelette n bonnach-uighe m, gen & pl bonnaich-uighe
omnivore n uil-itheadair m, pl uil-itheadairean
on adv 1 air. Put the light on, cuir an solas air
2 (a) air adhart. How are you getting on? ciamar a tha thu a’ faighinn air adhart?
(b) air aghaidh. How are you getting on? ciamar a tha thu a’ faighinn air aghaidh?
on prep 1 air (plus dat). On the table, air a’ bhòrd. They have eaten all the biscuits on me, dh’ith iad na briosgaidean uile orm
(pronominal forms) orm(sa), ort(sa), air(san), oirre(se), òirnn(e), oirbh(se), orra(san)
2 mu (plus dat). Real communication on matters of interest and relevance to pupils. Fìor chonaltradh mu nithean anns a bheil ùidh aig cloinn agus a tha a’ freagairt orra. Guidance is given on Gaelic language activities, thàtar a’ toirt comhairle mu ghnìomhan-cànain Gàidhlig
3 an prep (plus dat). On subsequent pages, anns na duilleagan a leanas
4 a dh’ionnsaigh (plus gen). And intervening only as necessary to focus the group on their task, agus a’ tighinn a-staigh don chùis a-mhàin an uair a tha e riatanach aire na buidhne a thoirt a dh’ionnsaigh na dreuchd
5 a-rèir (plus gen). The waiting-list is not operated on a first come, first served basis, but on a fairer system, chan eil an liosta-fheitheinh air a h-obrachadh air stèidh a’ chiad neach a thig, ’s e a’ chiad neach a gheibh riarach, ach a-rèir siostaim as cothromaiche
6 a thaobh (plus gen). Checks on premises will include the following points:, am measg na thèid a dhearbhadh a thaobh thogalaichean bithidh na nithean a leanas. Each child’s record sheet must contain information on any medical condition or allergies that the child suffers from, feumaidh fios a bhith air bileig-chlàraidh gach neach-chloinne a thaobh gnothaich mheidigich sam bith no aileirgidhean a bhitheas a’ cur air an neach-chloinne
6 expressed with a’/ag plus vn. Pupils will require additional time to be spent on talking and listening, cuiridh a’ chlann feum air ùine a bharrachd a chur seachad a’ labhairt agus ag èisteachd.
7 expressed with an dèidh. Occasions when the teacher is developing pupils’ ability to predict on listening to information, amannan a bhitheas an tidsear a’ toirt gu buil comas na cloinne air a bhith ri fàisneachd an dèidh èisteachd ri fiosrachadh
once adv 1 aon uair
2 aon uair ’s gu. Once a sufficient number of texts has been read to them, aon uair ’s gu bheil gu leòr de theacsaichean air an leughadh dhaibh. Once pupils recognise differences, aon uair ’s gun cuir a’ chlann aithne air eadar-dhealachaidhean
3 aig aon àm. Teachers might show that Gaelic was once the language of most of mainland Scotland, dh’fhaodadh tidsearan a nochdadh gum b’ i a’ Ghàidhlig aig aon àm a’ chànain a bha aig a’ chuid as motha de thìr-mòr na h-Alba
4 expressed with bha latha ann plus rel. It was once thought desirable to start with the smaller units of language, bha latha ann a bhàtar a’ meas gun robh e riatanach tòiseachadh leis na h-aonadan-cànain beaga
at once adv phr anns a’ bhad
one n 1 (a) aon, a h-aon m. Each one of them was cold, bha gach aon dhiubh fuar. There is only one, chan eil ann ach an t-aon. One of them was missing, bha a h-aon dhiubh air chall. Writing a sentence for each one of them a’ sgrìobhadh seantans air gach aon dhiubh. Such criteria should be limited to one or two at any one time, tha còir an leithid seo de bhun-chomharraidhean a bhith air an cuingealachadh ri aon no dhà aig àm sam bith
(b) (in counting) a h-aon. One, two, three, a h-aon, a dhà, a trì
2 neach. Understand questions about what one is doing, ceistean a thuigsinn mu dè tha neach a’ dèanamh
be one of v phr, see s.v. be v
one which, not expressed. The form of assessment of these ideas should be one which allows pupils to record their understandings, tha còir aig cruth measadh nam bun-smuaintean seo cothrom a thoirt don chloinn a bhith a’ dèanamh iomraidh air na nithean a tha iad a’ tuigsinn
one pron aonan
one a 1 aon. Progress that can be made within this one level, an t-adhartas a ghabhas a dhèanamh aig an aon ìre seo. Others may show exceptional ability in only one or two strands, bidh cuid eile, dh’fhaoidte, nach eil a’ nochdadh comas neo-chumanta ach ann an aon no ann an dà èill. It is not, however, the business of media education to choose one view at the expense of another, ach cha bhuin e do dh’oideachadh mu na meadhain a bhith a’ taghadh aon seallaidh ’s a’ cur sìos air fear eile
2 àraidh. According to the purpose of the narrator at any one point in the story, a rèir amas an sgrìobhaiche aig ìre àraidh sam bith den stòiridh
3 not expressed. Such criteria should be limited to one or two at any one time, tha còir an leithid seo de bhun-chomharraidhean a bhith air an cuingealachadh ri aon no dhà aig àm sam bith
one-to-one a 1 aon-ri-aon. Listen to others in group or one-to-one activities, ag èisteachd ri feadhainn eile ann an obair buidhne no aon-ri-aon
2 expressed with eadar dithis. They will be aware of their own role and that of others in one-to-one or group talk, bidh mothachadh aca air an àite fhèin agus air àite chàich ann an còmhradh eadar dithis no ann an còmhradh buidhne
one-way a 1 aon-shligheach, aon-slighe. A one-way street, sràid aon-slighe
2 aon-rathadach. A one-way street, sràid aon-rathadach
on-glide n (linguistics) sleamhnan-air m, gen & pl sleamhnain-air
ongoing a expressed with rach air adhart, vn dol air adhart. The work will be ongoing throughout the rest of the year, bithear a’ dool air adhart leis an obair tron chòrr den bhliadhna
onion n uinnean m, gen uinnein, pl uinneanan
onion skin weathering n phr sìde-chaitheamh rùisg-uinnein
only a aon. This is the only horse in the village, ’s e seo an t-aon each a tha anns a’ bhaile
only adv 1 a-mhàin. Only by doing so, ’s ann a-mhàin le bhith a’ dèanamh seo. And intervening only as necessary, agus a’ tighinn a-staigh don chùis a-mhàin an uair a tha e riatanach. If public transport is used children must sit in forward-facing seats only, ma thèid còmhdhail phoblach a chur am feum, feumaidh a’ chlann suidhe a-mhàin ann an suidheachain a tha a’ coimhead chon an toisich
2 dìreach. Others, only when a substantial body of work has been completed, cuid eile, dìreach an uair a tha cnap math obrach air a chrìochnachadh
3 (a) neg of v plus ach. Only Donald was there, cha robh ann ach Dòmhnall
(b) neg of v plus ach dìreach. It is offered only to promote further discussion, chan eilear ga thairgse ach dìreach gus an tuilleadh deasbaid a thogail
4 neg of v plus gu bràth gus. The secretarial skills are capable of improvement only when the young writer has some notion of what to say, cha ghabh piseach thoirt air na sgilean eagrachaidh gu bràth gus am bi rudeigin de bheachd aig an sgrìobhadair òg air dè their e
5 gun plus ach. When pupils want to talk about an experience, but can only use English, an uair a tha a’ chlann ag iarraidh a bhith a’ bruidhinn air rud a dh’fhiosraich iad, ’s gun chomas aca ach ann am Beurla
not only … but also adv phr chan e a-mhain … ach … cuideachd. Not only the cows but also the sheep, chan e a-mhàin an crodh ach na caoirich cuideachd
onomatopoeia n fuaimealas m, gen fuaimealais
ooze n làthach f, gen làthaich
opaque a trìd-dhoilleir
open a fosgailte. The window is open, tha an uinneag fosgailte. The pre-school is open to every family in the community, tha an ro-sgoil fosgailte don h-uile teaghlach anns a’ choimhearsnachd
open v tr 1 fosgail, vn fosgladh m. This ability will open the door to the rich storehouse of Gaelic culture, fosglaidh an comas seo an doras a dh’ionnsaigh stòrais shaidhbhir dualchas na Gàidhlig
2 not directly expressed. If schools decide that pupils for whom a Record of Needs has been opened should become involved in the system of assessment described here, ma tha sgoiltean a’ cur romhpa gum bi clann a tha na feuman aca gan clàradh air am measadh a rèir nan dòighean a tha air an comharrachadh an seo
open up v phr tairg, vn tairgse f. This opens up new opportunities for reading, tha seo a’ tairgse chothroman ùra airson leughaidh
opening n 1 fosgladh m, gen fosglaidh, pl fosglaidhean. The notions of openings, turning points, resolutions can be introduced, faodar nithean mar tha fosglaidhean, tionndaidhean agus fuasglaidhean a thoirt a-steach
2 expressed with fosgail, vn fosgladh m. Others may have pronounced difficulties that require the opening of an individual Record of Needs, airson feadhainn eile aig a bheil duilgheadasan follaiseach, feumar Clàr Fheuman fhosgladh dhaibh fa leth
3 expressed with dòigh f plus tòisich, vn tòiseachadh m; pl dòighean etc. Examining the variety of openings to such texts is particularly valuable, tha e buileach feumail a bhith a’ sgrùdadh gach iomadh seòrsa dhòighean anns a bheil an leithid seo de theacsaichean a’ tòiseachadh
4 expressed with a chur air chois. Significant additional provision, including the opening of a Record of Needs, tomhas mòr de thaice a bharrachd, agus sin a’ gabhail a-staigh clàr-fheuman a chur air chois
opening a tòiseachaidh. In opening lines, ann an sreathan-tòiseachaidh. They are still quite distinct from the opening sections of informational texts, tha iad fhathast gu math eadar-dhealaichte ris na paragrafan tòiseachaidh ann an teacsaichean fiosrachaidh
opencast a fosgailte
opencast mining n phr mèinnearachd f fhosgailte, gen mèinnearachd fosgailte
open-ended a 1 fosgailte. The nature of the information should be more open-ended at this stage, tha còir aig gnè an fhiosrachaidh a bhith nas fhosgailte aig an ìre seo. They will show a readiness to talk in an open-ended way, nochdaidh iad gu bheil iad deònach a bhith a’ còmhradh ann an dòigh fhosgailte
2 expressed with a tha fosgailte. First with isolated words and phrases, then with more open-ended talk, anns a’ chiad àite le faclan agus abairtean fa leth, agus an-sin le còmhradh a tha nas fosgailte
opener n fosglair m, pl fosglairean. Tin opener, fosglair tiona
operate v tr & i 1 oibrich, vn oibreachadh m; also obraich, vn obrachadh m. How register operates in language, mar a tha ìre-chànain ag oibreachadh. Pupils should have a growing sense of representations generally, and how they operate to construct and convey meanings, bu chòir do thuigse chloinne air dòighean-riochdachaidh anns an fharsaingeachd a bhith a’ dol am meud, agus mar tha iad sin ag oibreachadh gus brìgh a chur ri chèile agus a chur an cèill. The waiting-list is not operated on a first come, first served basis, chan eil an liosta-fheitheinh air a h-obrachadh air stèidh a’ chiad neach a thig, ’s e a’ chiad neach a gheibh riarach
2 cuir an gnìomh, vn cur an gnìomh. I understand that the group operates a policy on equal opportunities which I am in agreement with, tha mi a’ tuigsinn gu bheil a’ bhuidheann a’ cur an gnìomh poileasaidh air co-ionannachd chothroman ris a bheil mi a’ cur m’aonta
operation n 1 (medical) obair-lannsa f
2 obrachadh m, gen obrachaidh, pl obrachaidhean
in operation a phr 1 expressed with ag obrachadh
2 expressed with air a chur gu feum
opinion n 1 beachd m, gen beachda, pl beachdan. Fact and opinion, fìrinn agus beachd. To reflect upon ideas, experiences and opinions, gus cnuasachadh air smaointean, fiosraichidhean agus beachdan. They will talk appropriately about experiences, opinions, feelings and texts, bidh iad a’ bruidhinn gu h-iomchaidh mu dheidhinn fhiosraichidhean, bheachdan, fhaireachdainnean agus theacsaichean. Respond by offering an opinion, a’ freagairt le bhith a’ toirt beachd. She will answer them by offering comments or opinions,, freagraidh i iad le bhith a’ tairgse bheachdan. Teachers should lead pupils to give opinions, tha còir aig na tidsearan a bhith a’ stiùireadh na cloinne gu bhith a’ toirt bheachdan
2 barail f, pl barailean. Ideas can be shared if pupils’ opinions are displayed for others to read, faodar iomlaid a dhèanamh air bun-bheachdan ma tha barailean na cloinne air an taisbeanadh gus an leugh càch iad
opinion poll n phr cunntas-bheachd m, gen cunntais-bheachd, pl cunntais-bheachd, cunntasan-bheachd. They are not yet high enough in the opinion polls, chan eil iad fhathast àrd gu leòr anns na cunntais-bheachd
opponent n 1 cèile-còmhraig m, pl cèileachan-còmhraig. They bespattered their opponents with mud, spolt iad na cèileachan-còmhraig aca le poll
2 co-sheise m, pl co-sheiseachan
opportunity n 1 cothrom m, gen cothruim, pl cothroman. An opportunity to hear and use a language spoken by people throughout Scotland, cothrom air cànain a chluinntinn agus a chleachdadh, a tha daoine a’ bruidhinn air feadh Alba. Equality of opportunity, co-ionannachd chothroman. Schools should provide structured and stimulating opportunities to use Gaelic, tha còir aig sgoiltean ullachadh a dhèanamh gus cothrom beothail a thoirt don Ghàidhlig a bhith ga cleachdadh. Additional opportunities for talking and listening, barrachd cothrom labhairt agus èisteachd. Contexts which will give opportunities to monitor the progress of individual pupils, suidhichidhean a bhitheas a’ toirt cothroim gus sùil a chumail air adhartas chloinne fa leth. To take advantage of employment opportunities, gus cothrom a ghabhail air na cothroman cosnaidh. The development of a range of positive attitudes and opportunities for personal development, fàs ga thoirt air caochladh bheachdan neartmhor agus air cothroman fàis phearsanta
2 not directly expressed. Providing such opportunities will involve the following, ann a bhith a’ tairgse a leithid seo bidh feum air na leanas
equal opportunity n phr 1 cothrom m co-ionann, gen cothroim cho-ionann, pl cothroman co-ionann. We aim to ensure that all who wish to work in our pre-school have an equal opportunity to do so, tha e mar amas dhuinn a dhèanamh cinnteach gu bheil aig na h-uile leis am miann a bhith ag obair nar ro-sgoil cothrom co-ionann sin a dhèanamh
2 co-ionannachd f chothroman. Equal opportunity policy, poileasaidh co-ionannachd chothroman. I understand that the group operates a policy on equal opportunities which I am in agreement with, tha mi a’ tuigsinn gu bheil a’ bhuidheann a’ cur an gnìomh poileasaidh air co-ionannachd chothroman ris a bheil mi a’ cur m’aonta
teaching opportunity n phr cothrom-ionnsachaidh m, gen cothruim-ionnsachaidh, pl cothroman-ionnsachaidh. The teacher should also take this as a teaching opportunity, bu chòir don tidsear cothrom-ionnsachaidh a dhèanamh dheth
oppose v tr 1 cuir an aghaidh air, vn cur an aghaidh air. She opposed us, chuir i an aghaidh oirrn
2 bi an aghaidh. He opposes the single currency in Europe, tha e an aghaidh a’ chùinnidh shingilte san Roinn-Eòrpa
opposed to prep phr an aghaidh (plus gen). It is probable that these two words are to a degree being opposed to each other, is dòcha gu bheil an dà fhacal seo an aghaidh a chèile gu ìre
opposite a 1 thall. On the opposite side of the road, air taobh thall an rothaid
2 calg-dhìreach an aghaidh
in opposite directions adv phr expressed with an aghaidh a chèile. Along which streets do John and Mary walk in opposite directions? dè na sràidean air am bi Iain agus Màiri a’ coiseachd an aghaidh a chèile?
opposite prep 1 mu choinneamh (plus gen). He sat down opposite me, rinn e suidhe mum choinneamh
2 fa chomhair (plus gen)
opposition n aghaidheachadh m, gen aghaidheachaidh, pl aghaidheachaidhean. Binary opposition, aghaidheachadh dà-àireimh
opt v i dèan roghainn, vn dèanamh roghainn. Pupils may opt to progress to programmes for fluent speakers, faodaidh a’ chlann roghainn a dhèanamh a dhol air adhart gu prògraman airson fileantach
optic a fradhairc. The optic nerve, nearbh an fhradhairc
option n 1 roghainn, pl roghainnean. They suggest only a few of the available options, chan eil iad a’ togail ach àireamh bheag de na roghainnean a tha ri am faotainn. The school will review its options for these advantaged and disadvantaged pupils, bidh an sgoil a’ breithneachadh air a cuid roghainnean airson na cloinne seo, bho shealladh cothroim agus anacothroim
2 expressed with faod v. It may also be an option to transfer a pupil making rapid progress from a Learners’ class to Gaelic Medium education, faodar cuideachd pàiste air a bheil fìor phiseach luath a ghluasad bho chlas Luchd-Ionnsachaidh gu foghlam tro Mheadhan na Gàidhlig
optional a 1 roghainneil, comp roghainneile. It is an extraordinary thing that the exemplar should have been so closely followed, not only in the end rhymes but also in the frequency of these optional rhymes on the first stressed syllable, is rud iongantach e gun rachadh an roi-shamhla leantainn cho dlùth, chan ann a’ mhàin anns na comhardaidhean-deiridh, ach cuideachd ann an tricead nan comhardaidhean roghainneil a tha seo air a’ chiad lide le cudthrom
2 expressed with mar roghainn. It should be noted that assessment of writing is optional, tha còir an aire thoirt gur ann mar roghainn a tha measadh air sgrìobhadh
or conj no
or else conj phr 1 air neo
2 air mhodh eile
oral a 1 labhairt. Oral skills, sgilean labhairt. There will be a continuing emphasis on oral skills, leanaidh cudthrom air sgilean labhairt. To provide children from non-Gaelic backgrounds with basic oral competence in Gaelic, comas-labhairt bunaiteach a bhuileachadh air clann à àrainneachd gun Ghàidhlig. A greater emphasis on oral work, cudthrom nas motha a bhith air obair labhairt. From oral or written materials, bho stuthan labhairt no stuthan sgrìobhte. The genre of oral messages is often revealed as much by intonation as by the words themselves, tha gnè labhairt gu tric ga foillseachadh le fuaimneachadh cainnte agus chan ann a-mhàin leis na faclan fhèin
2 beòil. Oral fluency, fileantachd bheòil. Oral literature, litreachas beòil
3 cainnt-bheòil gen. To concentrate on the development of oral skills, a bhith a’ cur cudthroim air sgilean cainnt-bheòil a thoirt gu fàs
4 expressed with cainnt-bheòil f. It is the oral outcomes that will provide the main basis for thinking about experiences, ’s e cainnt-bheòil a’ phrìomh stèidh gus smaoineachadh mu nithean a dh’fhiosraich iad
5 ann an cainnt-bheòil. Children will be asked to produce short oral or written accounts, bidh a’ chlann a’ cur ri chèile cunntasan goirid ann an cainnt-bheòil no ann an sgrìobhadh. A brief oral account might be given to the group, dh’fhaoidte iomradh goirid a thoirt don bhuidhinn, ann an cainnt-bheòil
6 expressed with beul-aithris f. Stories, songs and legends, powerful oral bases of the culture, sgeulachdan, òrain is uirsgeulan, beul-aithris chumhachdach a tha aig bonn ’s aig bunait an dualchais. Oral source, stòr beul-aithris
oral competence n phr comas m labhairt, gen comais labhairt. Gaining oral competence in Gaelic, gus comas labhairt fhaotainn sa Ghàidhlig
oral composition n phr aiste-bheòil f, pl aistidhean-beòil
oral fluency n phr 1 comas m labhairt, gen comais labhairt. To enable pupils to acquire oral fluency in Gaelic, gus comas a thoirt do chloinn comas labhairt a thogail anns a’ Ghàidhlig
2 fileantachd bheòil. Writing will begin after oral fluency is developed, tòisichidh sgrìobhadh an dèidh fileantachd bheòil a thoirt air adhart
oral language n phr cainnt-bheòil f. Emphasis on oral language, cudthrom air cainnt-bheòil
oral presentation n phr òraid f. Giving a prepared oral presentation, ag aithris òraid dheasaichte
oral proficiency n phr comas labhairt
oral tradition n phr beul-aithris f
orally adv 1 ann an cainnt-bheòil. Provide either orally or in writing a considered personal view, a’ toirt, ann an cainnt-bheòil no ann an sgrìobhadh, làn bheachd pearsanta. In order to respond either orally or in writing, gus freagairt a thoirt ann an cainnt-bheòil no ann an sgrìobhadh
2 expressed with beòil. They will report orally to teacher, bheir iad aithisg bheòil don tidsear
orange n orainsear m, gen orainseir, pl orainsearan
orange a 1 orains. Whoever saw an orange church? cò chunnaic eaglais tha orains
2 dearg-bhuidhe. The colours of the rainbow are violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange, and red, ’s iad dathan a’ bhogha-fhroise liath or bàn-phurpaidh, gorm-liath or guirmeanach, gorm, buidhe-ghorm or uaine, buidhe, dearg-bhuidhe or orains, agus dearg
Oransay pr n Òrasaigh
orbit n reul-chuairt f, pl reul-chuairtean
orchard n 1 ubhalghort m, gen ubhalghoirt, pl ubhalghoirtean
2 lios-mheas m, gen lis-mheas, pl liosan-mheas
orchid n magairlean m, gen magairlein, pl magairleanan; mogairlean m, gen mogairlein, pl mogairleanan. A decline in the number of orchids of all kinds, lùghdachadh ann an àireamh nam magairleanan de gach seòrsa
order n 1 òrdugh m, gen òrduigh, pl òrduighean. Events may be set out in chronological order, faodar tachartasan a chur a-mach anns an òrdugh anns an do thachair iad
2 òrdan m, gen & pl òrdain. An order form, bileag òrdain. Order code, còd òrdain
give order to v phr cuir rian air, vn cur m rian air. Giving them order and meaning, a’ cur rian air na nithean sin agus a’ toirt brìgh asda
in order that conj phr a chum is gu
in order to prep phr 1 gus. In order to achieve this, gus ruighinn air seo. In order to achieve the overall aim, gus am prìomh amas a choileanadh. In order to maximise pupils’ opportunities to hear Gaelic, gus cothrom cho math ’s a ghabhas a thoirt don chloinn a bhith a’ cluinntinn na Gàidhlig
2 (a) a-chum. In order to do the work, a chum an obair a dhèanamh
(b) expressed with a chum is gum b’ urrainn. In order to set out work clearly, a chum is gum b’ urrainn daibh obair a chur an cèill gu soilleir
3 not directly expressed. Listening in order to respond to texts, ag èisteachd fo bhuaidh theacsaichean
order v tr 1 àithn, vn àithne f, àithneadh m
2 cuir rian air, vn cur m rian air. The school can best order or structure Gaelic work, ’s e an dòigh as fheàrr don sgoil rian a chur air obair na Gàidhlig. Through writing, pupils can define, order and understand ideas, tro sgrìobhadh, thèid aig a’ chloinn air mìneachadh a dhèanamh air bun-bheachdan, air rian a chur orra agus air an tuigsinn. They will report orally to teacher, bheir iad aithisg bheòil don tidsear. The teacher will help pupils to order their writing, cuidichidh an tidsear a’ chlann gu bhith a’ cur rian air an cuid sgrìobhaidh
3 cuir an òrdugh, vn cur m an òrdugh. Ordering these into sequences, gan cur an òrdugh rèidh
ordered a rianail. Giving an ordered account of a topic, a’ toirt cunntais rianail air cuspair
ordinal a òrdail. Ordinal numeral, cunntair òrdail
ordinary a 1 nàdarrach. Specialised materials such as a means of enhancing or enlarging ordinary print, stuthan sònraichte mar tha dòighean air clò nàdarrach a dhèanamh nas soilleire no nas motha
2 cumanta
Ordnance Survey n phr 1 Suirbhidh m Òrdanais. Ordnance Survey maps, mapaichean an t-Suirbhidh Òrdanais
2 Tomhas-Riaghaltais m, gen Tomhais-Riaghaltais. Ordnance Survey maps, mapaichean an Tomhais-Riaghaltais
ore n 1 mèinnear m, gen mèinneir, pl mèinnearan
2 clach mhèinneir, gen cloiche mèinneir
organ n (of body) ball m, gen & pl buill
genital organ n phr ball-gineamhainn m, gen & pl buill-ghineamhainn
organisation n 1 rian m, gen rian. Write in a variety of forms using appropriate organisation and vocabulary, a’ sgrìobhadh ann an caochladh mhodhannan le rian agus briathrachas iomchaidh. The teacher should be involved in overseeing content, organisation and form, tha còir aig an tidsear a bhith a’ gabhail pàirt ann a bhith a’ cumail sùil air susbaint, air rian agus air cumadh. It allows them to concentrate on the content, organisation and editing of their own work, tha e a’ toirt cothroim dhaibh a bhith a’ bualadh air susbaint, rian agus eagrachadh na h-obrach aca fhèin
2 dòigh f rianachd, pl dòighean rianachd. Ensure that pupils encounter a range of teaching styles and classroom organisations, dèanamh cinnteach gum fiosraich a’ chlann caochladh dhòighean teagaisg agus dhòighean rianachd anns an rùm-theagaisg
3 òrdanachadh m, gen òrdanachaidh. Paragraph is a further feature of textual organisation, tha paragraf a-rithist ri fhaotainn ann an òrdanachadh theacsaichean
4 riaghladh m, gen riaghlaidh. Variety of classroom organisation, caochladh sheòrsachan riaghladh clasa. Both the present guidelines and the advice on the organisation of classes give scope for this form of organisation, tha an dà chuid an stiùireadh seo agus a’ chomhairle air riaghladh chlasaichean a’ toirt cothroim air a leithid seo de riaghladh
5 buidheann f, gen buidhne, pl buidhnean. Plan the work of the organisation so as to minimise situations where the abuse of children may occur, socraich obair na buidhne air dhòigh a lùghdaicheas suidhichidhean far am faodadh droch-dhìol cloinne tachairt
organise v tr 1 cuir rian air. It will help teachers to plan and organise their teaching, cuidichidh i tidsearan gu bhith a’ deasachadh an cuid teagaisg agus a’ cur rian air. Organising Gaelic, a’ cur rian air obair na Gàidhlig. To organise the research, a bhith a’ cur rian air an rannsachadh. When preparing an individual talk, pupils will be helped to organise through preparation, an uair a bhitheas iad ag ullachadh òraid aon-neach cuidichear a’ chlann gu bhith a’ cur rian air sin le deasachadh. Taking responsibility for organising their work, a’ gabhail uallaich gus rian a chur air an cuid obrach. Pupils’ familiarity with the ways texts are organised, eòlas na cloinne air mar a tha rian ga chur air teacsaichean
2 expressed with bi plus rian air. In questioning how information is likely to be organised, ann a bhith a’ ceasnachadh an rian a tha dualtach a bhith air fiosrachadh
3 cuir an òrdugh, vn cur an òrdugh. To help pupils sort out what they want to say and how to organise it, a’ chlann a chuideachadh gus rian a chur air na tha iad ag iarraidh a ràdh agus mar a chuireas iad an òrdugh e
4 cuir air dòigh, vn cur air dòigh. The school should organise regular ceilidhs, bu chòir don sgoil cèilidhean a chur air dòigh gu cunbhalach. Learning how text can be organised for readability increases awareness of audience, a bhith ag ionnsachadh mar a ghabhas teacsa a chur air dòigh gus a dhèanamh so-leughte, cuiridh sin ri mothachadh air luchd-amais
5 riaghail, vn riaghladh m. This enables pupils to collect, organise, analyse and apply information through databases, tha seo a’ toirt cothroim do chloinn fiosrachadh a thional, a riaghladh, a rannsachadh agus a chur an sàs tro stòir-dàta
organised a 1 air cur air dòigh. Whether in the form of a structured course or of banks of materials organised on the basis of functions and notions or of topics, an dàrna cuid air chumadh cùrsa dheasaichte no bhancaichean de stuthan air an cur air dòigh air bhonn ghnìomhan agus smuaintean no air bhonn chuspairean
2 expressed with eagrachadh m, gen eagrachaidh. Developing from exploratory work into more fully formed and organised outcomes, a’ fàs à obair rannsachaidh a dh’ionnsaigh thoraidhean air a bheil an tuilleadh cumaidh agus eagrachaidh
organising n òrdachadh m, gen òrdachaidh. Preparation which will include research, organising, deasachadh a ghabhas a-staigh rannsachadh, òrdachadh
organism n fàs-bheairt f, pl fàs-bheairtean
origin n 1 tùs m, gen tùis
2 (a) bun m, gen buna or buin, pl buin or bunan
(b) bunadh m, gen bunaidh, pl bunaidhean. We believe that no family should be excluded from the group’s activities on the grounds of disability, colour or ethnic origin, tha sinn a’ creidsinn nach bu chòir gum bitheadh teaghlach sam bith air an dùnadh a-mach bho ghnìomhan na buidhne mar thoradh air ciorram, dath no bunadh eitniceach
(c) bunadas m, gen bunadais, pl bunadasan
3 expressed with co às an tàinig. Syllable and root will be used in discussion which centres on individual words, their origins, meanings and functions, cleachdar lide agus freumh ann am beachdachadh air faclan fa leth agus air co às an tàinig iad, air dè as ciall daibh agus dè as gnìomh dhaibh
original a 1 bunaiteach, comp bunaitiche. Pupils will explore more complex and more original forms, bidh a’ chlann a’ rannsachadh mhodhan nas ioma-fhillte agus nas bunaitiche
2 tùsail. The original building must be 17th or 18th century in date, feumaidh gum buin an togalach tùsail do dh’àm mun 17mh no mun 18mh linn. This is the pronunciation in the dialect of original “a” (short or long) in the vicinity of a nasal consonant, ’s e seo am fuaimneachadh anns an dualchainnt a bhitheas air “a” thùsail (ghoirid no fhada) an còir consain shrònaich
3 expressed with a bha ann an toiseach. By comparing the original aims with what pupils actually attain in relation to the targets, le bhith a’ dèanamh coimeas eadar na h-amasan a bha ann an toiseach agus na bheil na sgoilearan a’ coileanadh ann an da-rìreabh fa chomhair nan cuimsean
4 tionnsgalach. An original writer, sgrìobhaiche tionnsgalach
5 a’ chiad. The original form, a’ chiad chruth
originally adv 1 an toiseach. Originally these would have been high enough to stop animals from straying, bhitheadh iad seo an toiseach àrd gu leòr airson stad a chur air beathaichean bho bhith a’ dol air seacharan
2 roimhe. Walls made of turf, or earth and stone, were originally more common than the familiar stone dykes, bha gàrraidhean dèante de dh’fhàl, no de chloich is de dh’fhàl còmhla, na bu chumanta roimhe na na gàrraidhean-cloiche air a bheil sinn eòlach an diugh
originate v i tàrmaich, vn tàrmachadh m
Orkney pr n Arcaibh
Orkney mod Arcach
Orkneyman n Arcach m, gen & pl Arcaich
ornament n 1 ball-maise m, gen & pl buill-mhaise
2 òrnaid f, pl òrnaidean
ornamentation n sgeadachadh m, gen sgeadachaidh, pl sgeadachaidhean. Mackenzie here reaches a level of ornamentation in his verse that demonstrates to us how high in his artistry it is possible for a bard that is not of the first degree to go when he is working in a firm tradition, tha MacCoinnich an seo a’ ruighinn inbhe de sgeadachadh na bhàrdachd a sheallas dhuinn cho àrd na ealantas ’s a tha e an comas do bhàrd nach eil den chiad ìre a dhol, agus e ag obair ann an dualchas daingeann
orthography n ceart-litreachadh m, gen ceart-litreachaidh
ortolan n, see bunting, ortolan n
osmosis n osmòsais f. Reverse osmosis, osmòsais chontrarach
osteopathy n leigheas-chnàmh m, gen leigheis-chnàmh
ostrich n struth m, pl struthan. She is cruel to her offspring like the ostriches in the desert, tha i an-iochdmhor da h-àlach mar na struthan san fhàsach
other a 1 eile. With the advisory and other professional services, ris na seirbheisean comhairleachaidh agus na seirbheisean proifeiseanta eile
2 expressed with an neach eile a tha …. Listening to the other speaker, a bhith ag èisteachd ris an neach eile a tha a’ bruidhinn
3 expressed with an leithid sin. Teachers need to introduce pupils to the grammatical, literary and other technical terms of language, feumaidh na tidsearan a’ chlann a chur an aithne nam briathran cànain a bhuineas do ghràmar, do litreachas agus an leithid sin
4 not directly expressed. At the other extreme, ann an suidheachadh tur eadar-dhealaichte. It will be essential that the pupil or pupils work with other classmates, bidh e do-sheachnaichte gum bi am pàiste no na pàistean ag obair còmhla ri càch anns a’ chlas
other than a phr expressed with 1 nach buin do. From points of view other than their own, o bharailean nach buin dhaibh fhèin
2 a bharrachd air (plus dat). I haven’t done anything other than that today, cha d’rinn mi nì a bharrachd air sin an diugh
others pron pl 1 càch, gen chàich. How speakers can refer to and use what others say, mar a dh’fhaodas luchd-labhairt tarraing a thoirt air na their càch agus sin a chur gu buil. They will be aware of their own role and that of others, bidh mothachadh aca air an àite fhèin agus air àite chàich. To examine their own and others’ experiences. sgrùdadh a dhèanamh air na tha iad fhèin agus càch a’ fiosrachadh. So as to show awareness of others’ opinions, suggestions and/or feelings, gus mothachadh a nochdadh air beachdan agus/no air faireachdainnean chàich. Talk readily about their own and others’ experiences, a’ labhairt gu saor mu na fiosraichidhean aca fhèin agus aig càch. Editing pupils’ own and others writing, ag eagrachadh sgrìobhadh na cloinne fhèin agus sgrìobhadh chàich
2 feadhainn f eile. By teachers and others concerned with provision for education, le tidsearan agus le feadhainn eile a tha an lùib foghlaim. Others, however, may have pronounced, specific or complex difficulties, airson feadhainn eile, ge-tà, aig a bheil duilgheadasan follaiseach, sònraichte no ioma-chruthach. These enable them to communicate more effectively with others, bidh seo a’ toirt comais dhaibh air conaltradh nas buadhmhoire a dhèanamh ri feadhainn eile. Tape recording allows pupils to hear themselves and others read, tha clàradh air teip a’ toirt cothroim do chloinn iad fhèin agus feadhainn eile a chluinntinn a’ leughadh. They will discover the experiences they share with others, gheibh iad ròs air nithean a tha iad fhèin agus feadhainn eile a’ fiosrachadh le chèile
3 daoine m pl eile. To interact with others, gus co-luadar a dhèanamh ri daoine eile. Awareness of others’ feelings, mothachadh air faireachdainnean dhaoine eile
4 cuid eile. Some may already possess good general alertness, others may not have acquired the basic habits, faodaidh cuid a bhith gu math beothail dhiubh fhèin, cuid eile nach do thog na cleachdaidhean as bunaitiche. Others may have no immediate contact with Gaelic, cuid eile, ’s dòcha, aig nach eil dlùth cheangal idir ris a’ Ghàidhlig. Others, perhaps the majority, cuid eile, a’ mhòrchuid, is dòcha. Some pupils acquire the habits of recognition and categorisation readily, others never develop them without help, tha cuid de chloinn a thogas cleachdaidhean aithne agus seòrsaidh gu h-ealamh, cuid eile nach dèan sin idir às aonais cuideachaidh
5 expressed with cach a chèile. Exchange personal information about self and others, a’ toirt seachad fiosrachadh pearsanta mu cach a chèile
otherwise adv air neo. Except where otherwise stated, ach far an abrar a chaochladh
otter (Lutra lutra) n 1 biast-dubh, biast-dhubh f, gen bèist-duibhe, bèiste-duibhe, pl biastan-dubha
2 dòbhran m, gen & pl dòbhrain
our poss pron ar, ar n- (before vowels). Our father ands mother, ar n-athair is ar màthair
out adv 1 (a) (motion) a-mach. He went out, chaidh e a-mach. They went out into the garden, chaidh iad a-mach don leas
(b) (rest) a-muigh. They are out in the garden, tha iad a-muigh anns an leas
2 às. The light went out, chaidh an solas as. I put the light out, chuir mi an solas às
out prep a-mach (plus rad). He went out the door, chaidh e a-mach an doras. No going out the door without an adult in the group, cha cheadaichear a bhith a’ dol a-mach an doras gun inbheach sa bhuidhinn
out of prep phr 1 a-mach à (plus dat). Any worthwhile Gaelic activity will move in and out of components and through varying combinations of strands, bidh gnìomh Gàidhlig sam bith as fhiach an t-saothair a’ gluasad a-mach agus a-steach à earrainnean agus tro chaochladh chothlamadh iallan. In and out of school, san sgoil agus a-mach aiste
2 à (plus dat). They are out of school, tha iad às an sgoil. Opportunities for Gaelic activities and development arising out of the child’s experience of family, gach cothrom airson gnìomhan agus leasachadh co-cheangailte ris a’ Ghàidhlig a tha a’ sruthadh à fiosrachadh a’ phàiste air a theaghlach
out-of-school a taobh a-muigh na sgoile. A natural way of developing pupils’ own out-of-school interests and activities, dòigh nàdarrach air a bhith ag adhartachadh nithean taobh a-muigh na sgoile anns a bheil ùidh aig cloinn agus anns a bheil iad an sàs
outcome n 1 buil f, pl builean. Attainment outcomes, builean coileanaidh. The eventual outcome will be that the pupil can employ a fluent style of hand-writing, ’s e bhuil a bhitheas air seo air a’ cheann thall gum bi a’ chlann a’ cleachdadh stoidhle shiùbhlach làmh-sgrìobhaidh. By referring to the four main outcomes of Gaelic, a bhith a’ gabhail beachd air ceithir prìomh bhuilean na cànain. In these written outcomes, anns na builean sgrìobhte seo. The successful attainment of these targets will result in the following outcomes, ma ruigear na cuimsean coileanaidh seo thig na builean a leanas gu ìre.
2 na tha a’ sruthadh à. All the outcomes of environmental studies will be taught through Gaelic, is ann tro Ghàidhlig a bhithear a’ teagasg na tha a’ sruthadh à foghlam na h-àrainneachd
3 (a) toradh m, pl toraidhean. Many of the terms may also be applicable in other outcomes of language, faodaidh mòran de na briathran a bhith air an cleachdadh ann an toraidhean-cànain eile. The outcomes from these activities may be written or oral, faodaidh toradh na h-obrach seo a bhith ann an sgrìobhadh no ann an cainnt-bheòil. Developing from exploratory work into more fully formed and organised outcomes, a’ fàs à obair rannsachaidh a dh’ionnsaigh thoraidhean air a bheil an tuilleadh cumaidh agus eagrachaidh
(b) expressed with mar thoradh air. Pupils will listen to messages or narratives in order to predict at various stages likely outcomes, bidh a’ chlann ag èisteachd ri teachdaireachdan no ri cunntasan gus fàisneachd a dhèanamh air na bhitheas dùil ris mar thoradh orra aig ìrean eadar-dhealaichte
4 amas m, gen amais, pl amasan. Practical activities which will require them to talk together to produce an outcome, gnìomhan prataigeach anns am feum iad a bhith a’ còmhradh gus amas a choileanadh
5 not directly expressed. It is the oral outcomes that will provide the main basis for thinking about experiences, ’s e cainnt-bheòil a’ phrìomh stèidh gus smaoineachadh mu nithean a dh’fhiosraich iad
outcrop n (of rock) 1 (small crag) creagan m, gen creagain, pl creagain, creaganan. The fishing mark is an outcrop of rock you can see by the shore, ’s e an comharra-iasgaich creagan a chì thu mun chladach. This outcrop of rock is another example of a ridge of harder rock, tha an creagan seo na eisimpleir eile air druim de chreig as cruaidhe
2 (slab of rock) leac f, gen lice, pl leacan. There are red outcrops of rock on the hillside here, tha leacan dearga air slios a’ mhill an seo
3 (ridge of rock) druim m, gen droma, pl dromannan. The path crosses a turf dyke immediately west of one of these rocky outcrops, tha an ceum a’ dol tarsainn air gàrradh-fàil astar goirid an iar air fear de na dromannan creagach seo
outdated a seann-aimsireil
outdoor a a-muigh. Outdoor pool, amar a-muigh. Outdoor games, geamachan a-muigh. All outdoor play must be supervised, feumar sùil a chumail air a’ chluich a-muigh air fad
outer a 1 a-muigh. Outer suburbs, iomall a-muigh (baile)
2 expressed with taobh a-muigh (plus gen). The rafters rested on the outer wall to form a conical structure, bha na cabair nan laighe air taobh a-muigh a’ bhaile, rud a dhèanadh structar cònach
outfall n às-sruth m, pl às-sruthan
outflow n
outing n 1 cuairt f, gen cuairte, pl cuairtean
2 cuairt a-muigh, gen cuairte a-muigh, pl cuairtean a-muigh
take on an outing v phr thoir a-mach air cuairt, vn toirt a-mach air cuairt. I understand that my child may be taken on local outings from time to time, tha mi a’ tuigsinn gum faod e bhith gum bi an neach-cloinne agam air a toirt/thoirt a-mach air cuairtean ionadail bho àm gu àm
outline v tr 1 comharraich, vn comharrachadh m. The main features of the structure outlined, na nithean as cudthromaiche a tha air an comharrachadh
2 dèan iomradh air, vn dèanamh iomraidh air. The kinds of learning outlined, na seòrsachan ionnsachaidh air a bheilear a’ dèanamh iomraidh
3 cuir sìos, vn cur sìos. The attainment targets as outlined in the following pages, na cuimsean coileanaidh, mar a tha iad air an cur sìos anns na duilleagan a leanas
output n mach-chur m, gen mach-chuir
output mod a-mach. The output phase, an fho-rèis a-mach
outrageous a borb, comp buirbe. Isn’t that just outrageous, nach eil sin fhèin borb
outwash n às-sgoladh m, gen às-sgolaidh. Glacial outwash, às-sgoladh eigheadail
• às-sgaoileadh m, gen às-sgaoilidh
outwash mod às-sgolaidh. Outwash plain, còmhnard às-sgolaidh
outwith prep taobh a-muigh plus gen. Within and outwith the classroom, taobh a-staigh agus taobh a-muigh an ruim-theagaisg. From outwith the classroom, o thaobh a-muigh a’ chlas. Their audiences will include pupils outwith their own peer-group, am measg an luchd-èisteachd bidh clann taobh a-muigh an cuid cho-aoisean fhèin
oval n ugh-chruth m, gen ugh-chrutha, pl ugh-chruthan
oval a ugh-chruthach
ovary n ughlann m, gen ughlainn, pl ughlannan
oven n àmhainn f, gen àmhainne, pl àmhainnean
over prep 1 os cionn plus gen
2 thairis air
3 tarsainn air
4 feadh. Over S1 and S2, feadh A1 agus A2
5 mu. His own foolishness over drink, fhaoineis fhèin mun deoch
overall a 1 (a) farsaing. Pupils are expected to gain overall impressions of a text, thàtar a’ sùileachadh gum bi a’ chlann a’ faotainn beachd farsaing air teacsa. An overall level of achievement can be recorded when that is appropriate, faodar ìre-choileanaidh fharsaing a chlàradh an uair a tha sin iomchaidh
(b) expressed with anns an fharsaingeachd. When an interpretation of body language may be necessary to understand fully the overall communication, agus feum air cànain bhodhaig a bhreithneachadh gus tuigse iomlan fhaighinn air a’ chonaltradh anns an fharsaingeachd. In the light of an overall school policy, an lorg poileasaidh-sgoile san fharsaingeachd. Reading activities should demand that pupils show an overall grasp of a text, tha còir aig gnìomhan labhairt a bhith a’ sùileachadh gum bi a’ chlann a’ nochdadh gu bheil tuigse aca air an teacsa anns an fharsaingeachd
2 coitcheann. They are right in arguing that the overall aim should be facilitation rather than coercion, tha iad ceart ann a bhith ag agairt gur e bu chòir a bhith mar amas coitcheann ach an t-slighe a rèiteachadh, agus chan ann a cho-èigneachadh
3 expressed with làn preceding n. Pupils will comment on the contribution of features of language and style to the overall effect of the text, bidh a’ chlann a’ toirt beachd air na tha cùisean cànain is stoidhle a’ cur ri làn bhuaidh an teacsa
over-analytic a expressed with ro smachdail ann an sgrùdadh. The emphasis should be practical; it should neither be didactic nor over-analytic, tha còir cudthrom a chur air nithean prataigeach, agus sin gun a bhith ro smachdail ann am beachd no ann an sgrùdadh
overarch v tr rach thairis air, vn dol thairis air. Strengths and development needs which are not related to, or which overarch, the strands, feartan agus feumalachdan fàis nach eil idir co-cheangailte ris na h-iallan no a tha a’ dol thairis orra
overcast a 1 neulach, comp neulaiche. It is overcast today, tha e neulach an diugh
2 culmach, comp culmaiche
overcome v tr 1 faigh thairis air, vn faighinn thairis air. which can usually be overcome by an appropriate methodology, gheibhear thairis orra sin mar as trice le dòighean-teagaisg freagarrach
2 leasaich, vn leasachadh m. Those whose difficulties are of short duration and can be overcome by the class teacher, iadsan aig a bheil duilgheadasan nach mair ach ùine ghoirid agus a ghabhas an leasachadh le tidsear a’ chlas
3 ceannsaich, vn ceannsachadh m. The response to discriminatory behaviour will aim to help those responsible to understand and overcome their prejudices, ann a bhith a’ dèiligeadh ri gnìomhan lethbhreitheach bithear ag amas air a bhith a’ cuideachadh leis an fheadhainn a tha ciontach gus an cuid claon-bhàidh a thuigsinn agus a cheannsachadh
overflow v i 1 cuir thairis, vn cur thairis
2 tuilich, vn tuileachadh
overgraze v tr seach-ionaltraich, vn seach-ionaltradh m
overgrazing n seach-ionaltradh m, gen seach-ionaltraidh
overgrown a expressed with lusrach air fàs thairis air. The overgrown mound of stones cleared nearby shows that this place was once cultivated, tha an càrn, is lusrach air fàs thairis air, de chlachan a chaidh a ghlanadh bhon talamh faisg air làimh na chomharra air gun robhar ag àiteach an àite seo uaireigin
overhead a expressed with os cionn prep. They will learn to listen to expositions which are illustrated by overhead transparencies, ionnsaichidh iad mar a dh’èisteas iad ri iomraidhean le dealbhan os an cionn nan cois
overlap v tr
overlapping a eadar-cheangailte. These Programmes of Study are based on three overlapping phases in second language learning, tha na Clàran Oideachaidh seo air an stèidheachadh air trì fo-rèisean eadar-cheangailte ann an ionnsachadh air dàrna cànain
overlord n àrd-uachdaran m, gen àrd-uachdarain, pl àrd-uachdaranan
override v tr
overriding a expressed with os cionn nan uile nithean. The overriding priority in the initial stages, an nì os cionn nan uile nithean a bhitheas san amharc aig toiseach cùise
oversee v tr cùm sùil air, vn cumail f sùil air. The teacher should be involved in overseeing content, tha còir aig an tidsear a bhith a’ gabhail pàirt ann a bhith a’ cumail sùil air susbaint. To oversee customers’ interests, gus sùil a chumail air leas nan custamairean
overtake v 1 coilean, vn coileanadh. Similarly, some pupils will overtake Level E targets, anns an aon dòigh, bidh cuid a’ coileanadh cuimsean Ìre E
2 dèan a’ chùis air, vn dèanamh na cùis air. They should be encouraged to overtake the attainment targets they are capable of, bu chòir am misneachadh gus a’ chùis a dhèanamh air na tomhaisean-coileanaidh a tha nan comas
overview n sealladh m farsaing, gen seallaidh fharsaing, pl seallaidhean farsaing. Pupils can be shown how to gain an overview of an unfamiliar text, faodar a nochdadh do chloinn mar a gheibh iad sealladh farsaing air teacsa nach aithne dhaibh
owe v tr expressed with bi plus aig air. I owe him a pound, tha not aige orm
owl, tawny n (Strix aluco) comhachag-donn m
• cailleach-oidhche f dhonn
own a 1 fhèin. In planning and in implementing their own detailed policies for language, ann a bhith a’ dealbhadh ’s a’ cur an gnìomh am poileasaidhean-cànain mionaideach fhèin. Their own emotions and attitudes, am faireachdainnean fhèin agus an sealladh fhèin air cùisean. Pupils should actively consider their own purposes as talkers, tha còir aig a’ chloinn an deagh aire thoirt don cuid adhbhar fhèin mar luchd-labhairt
2 expressed with poss pron plus cuid fhèin. Reading own or others’ work, a’ leughadh an cuid obrach fhèin no obair chàich
3 not directly expressed. Activities which relate to the pupil’s own life and environment, gnìomhan a bhuineas do chaitheamh beatha agus do dh’àrainneachd a’ phàiste. Ecologically the land can be divided into three zones, each with its own distinctive vegetation, a thaobh eag-eòlais faodar an talamh a roinn ann an trì sònan, gach aon dhiubh le a ghnè shònraichte de lusrach
owner n 1 (a) neach-seilbh m, pl luchd-seilbh
(b) expressed with neach m (or duine m, tè f) aig a bheil seilbh, pl daoine m pl aig a bheil seilbh, or feadhainn f (gen feadhna) aig a bheil seilbh (of, air). The owner of the stone said that he hoped the quarry would soon open, thubhairt an duine aig a bheil seilbh air a’ chloich gun robh e an dòchas gum fosgladh an cuaraidh gu h-aithghearr. We went to see the owners yesterday, chaidh sinn a’ coimhead air an fheadhainn air a bheil seilbh air an rud an dè
2 sealbhadair m, pl sealbhadairean
oxbow a expressed with crudha-eich. Oxbow lake, loch crudha-eich
oxidation n ogsaideachadh m, gen ogsaideachaidh. Its porous structure was developed through the process of oxidation, tha structar pòrasach aige a thoradh air ogsaideachadh
oxide n ogsaid f, pl ogsaidean. Calcium oxide, ogsaid chailciam
oxidise vtr ogsaidich, vn ogsaideachadh m
oxidising n ogsaideachadh m, gen ogsaideachaidh
oxidiser n ogsaidiche m, pl ogsaidichean
oxter n achlais f, gen achlaise, pl achlaisean
ox-tongue mod (botany) teanga-dhaimh. Ox-tongue broomrape, mùchag theanga-dhaimh
oxygen n ogsaidean m, gen ogsadein
oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus) n gille-brìghde m, gen gille-bhrìghde, pl gillean-brìghde
ozonation n òsonachadh m, gen òsonachaidh
ozone n òson m, gen òsoin. The ozone layer, a’ bhreath òsoin, an cearcall òsoin
P
Pabbay pr n Pabaigh
pace n expressed with astar m. Showing some sense of purpose and audience in pace of delivery, a’ nochdadh mothachaidh air adhbhar ’s air luchd-amais ann a bhith a’ suidheachadh astar lìobhraigidh. They should learn to take some account of register, pace, tha còir aca aire air choireigin a thoirt air gnè, astar. The pace at which they progress through the curriculum will vary considerably, bidh diofar mòr anns an astar a bhitheas aca a’ dol tron chlàr-theagaisg
keep pace with v phr rach a rèir, vn dol a-rèir. It is essential that the programs of study they follow should keep pace with their developing interests, tha e do-sheachnaichte riatanach gum bi na clàran oideachaidh aca a’ dol a rèir nan nithean anns a bheil iad a’ gabhail ùidh mar a tha iad a’ fàs nas sine
Pacific Ocean n phr an Cuan m Sèimh, gen a’ Chuain Shèimh
pack v tr pac, vn pacadh m. The eggs are taken to a packing station where they are packed in boxes, thèid na h-uighean a thoirt do stèisean pacaidh far a bheileas gam pacadh ann am bogsaichean
packing n pacadh m, gen pacaidh
packing mod pacaidh. A packing station, stèisean pacaidh. The eggs are taken to a packing station, thèid na h-uighean a thoirt do stèisean pacaidh
package n pacaiste f, pl pacaistean
package v tr
packaging n pacaisteadh m, gen pacaistidh
packet n pacaid f, pl pacaidean. Tins, packets, bottles and jars, canastairean, pacaidean, botail agus crogain
pack-ice n pac-eigh f, gen pac-eighe; pac-dheigh f, gen pac-dheighe
• deigh f phacte, gen deighe pacte
pad v tr padaig, vn padaigeadh m, padadh m
padded a padaichte. A padded envelope, cèis phadaichte. In a padded cell, ann an cealla phadaichte
padding n padaigeadh m, gen padaigidh
paddle n pleadhag f, gen pleadhaig, pl pleadhagan
paddle v i grunnaich, vn grunnachadh m
paddling n grunnachadh m, gen grunnachaidh
paddle-boat n soitheach-pleadhaig m, gen soithich-phleadhaig, pl soithichean-pleadhaig
padlock n glas-chrochaidh f, gen glaise-crochaidh, pl glasan-crochaidh
paean n paean m, pl paeanan
paeanic a paeanach. Paeanic feet, troighean paeanach. In the first three lines of the verse there are three syllables with lesser stress between each syllable with main stress, which we might call “paeanic feet”, anns a’ chiad trì sreathan den rainn tha trì lidean le cudthrom as lugha eadar gach lide le prìomh chudthrom, ris am faoidte “troighean paeanach” a ràdh. The second foot is paeanic or trochaic, i.e. having an odd number (three or one respectively) of syllables with lesser stress between the syllables having main stress, tha an dara troigh paeanach no tròicèach, i.e. le àireimh chòrr (a trì no a h-aon fa leth) de lidean le cudthrom as lugha eadar na lidean air a bheil prìomh chudthrom
page n 1 taobh-duilleig m, gen taoibh-dhuilleig, pl taobhan-duilleig
2 duilleag f, gen duilleige, pl duilleagan. The text may be, for example, a poem, an illustrated page from a children’s book, or a spoken message, mar eisimpleirean de theacsaichean tha dàn, duilleag le dealbh bho leabhar chloinne, no teachdaireachd bheòil. There are obvious markers in the look of the page, tha comharraidhean follaiseach ann an dreach na duilleige. The attainment targets as outlined in the following pages, na cuimsean coileanaidh, mar a tha iad air an cur sìos anns na duilleagan a leanas. Contents pages, duilleagan susbaint
page mod dhuilleag, nan duilleag. To recognise differences in likely content from page layouts and other typographical devices, gus eadar-dhealachaidhean aithneachadh anns an t-susbaint a tha coltach o chumadh nan duilleag agus o innleachdan eile a bhuineas do chlò-bhualadh
pain n anshocair f, gen anshocaire, pl anshocran
painful a anshocrach, comp anshocraiche; anshocair, comp anshocaire
paint v tr 1 peant, vn peantadh m
2 cruthaich, vn cruthachadh m. They should expect vivid pictures to be painted by means of comparisons (in simile and metaphor), bu chòir dùil a bhith aca gum bi dealbhan beothail gan cruthachadh tro shamhla agus tro mheatafor
paintbrush n bruis-pheantaidh, gen bruise-peantaidh, pl bruisean-peantaidh; also bruis-pheant, gen bruise-peant, pl bruisean-peant
pair n 1 càraid f, pl càraidean
2 paidhir m & f, pl paidhrichean. A pair of horses, paidhir each
3 dà. There are a pair of black-throated divers nesting on the loch, tha dà learg dhubh a’ neadachadh air an loch
in pairs prep phr 1 ann an càraidean. Development of these skills will benefit from practice and discussion in pairs and groups, bidh cleachdadh agus beachdachadh ann an càraidean agus ann am buidhnean buannachdail gus fàs a thoirt air na sgilean seo
2 mar chàraidean. Pupils will work regularly in pairs or groups, bidh a’ chlann ag obair gu cunbhalach mar chàraidean no mar bhuidhnean
3 prep with poss a plus càraidean. Helping pupils, perhaps at first in pairs, a’ cuideachadh na cloinne, ’s dòcha nan càraidean an toiseach
4 eadar dithis. This will be aided by discussion, in pairs or small groups, cuidichidh beachdachadh eadar dithis no ann am buidhnean beaga le seo
pair mod expressed with mar chàraidean. Pair and group discussions, beachdachadh, ’s e sin mar chàraidean agus ann am buidhnean
pair v tr
paired a 1 eadar dithis. Paired reading develops awareness of audience, tha leughadh eadar dithis a’ toirt fàis air mothachadh air luchd-amais. Particularly through paired and group work, gu sònraichte ann an obair eadar dithis no ann am buidhnean
2 càraid. Word processing is also a catalyst for paired and group work, tha dealbh-sgrìobhadh cuideachd na mheadhan falaichte air obair càraid agus obair bhuidhne
palace n lùchairt f, pl lùchairtean
palatal a palatach. Palatal consonant, connrag phalatach. This pronunciation, as palatal “-nt-”, occurs generally in the dialect for the palatal consonant group “-thn-”, gheibhear am fuaimneachadh seo, mar “-nt-” phalatach, am bitheantas san dualchainnt a tha ann air a’ chòmhlan-chonnrag “-thn-” phalatach
palatalisation n palatachadh m, gen palatachaidh
palatalise v tr palataich, vn palatachadh m
palatalised a palataichte. This is a dative form of a feminine word with the word-ending palatalised, ’s e seo riochd tabhartach de dh’fhacal boireann leis an deireadh-fhacail palataichte
palato-alveolar a palat-ailbhealach
palate n (anatomy) glainnean m, gen glainnein
pale a 1 (a) soilleir, comp soilleire. Pale brown, soilleir dhonn. A paler brown, donn as soilleire
(b) aotrom. Pale brown, aotrom donn
2 (botany) blian, comp bliana. Pale butterwort, bodan-measgain blian
3 bàin, comp bàine
4 glas-neulach
pall n brat-mairbh m, gen brata-mhairbh, pl bratan-mairbh
pallet (mattress or bed) n uirigh f, pl uirighean
pallet (portable platform) n paileat m, pl paileatan
palm (of hand) n bas f, gen boise, pl basan
palm (plant) n pailm f, gen pailme pl pailmean. Palm oil, ola phailme
palm tree n phr craobh-phailm f, gen craoibh-pailm, pl craobhan-pailm
palmful n boiseag f, gen boiseig, pl boiseagan
palpitations n pl frith-bhualadh m, gen frith-bhualaidh
pamphlet n 1 bileag f, gen bileig, pl bileagan
2 pamflaid f, pl pamflaidean
pancreas n brisgean m milis, gen brisgein mhilis
panegyric n duan-molaidh m, gen & pl duain-mholaidh
panegyric a molaidh. Panegyric verse, bàrdachd mholaidh
panel n pannal m, gen pannail, pl pannalan
pansy n bròg f na cuthaig, gen bròige na cuthaig
pant v i 1 bi plosgartaich
2 bi plus aonach m air. I was panting after running for the bus, bha aonach orm an dèidh dhomh ruith airson a’ bhus
pantomime n pantomaim m, pl pantomaimean
paper n pàipear m, gen pàipeir, pl pàipearan. Newsletters, papers, reports, and brochures, litrichean-naidheachd, pàipearan, aithisgean agus bileagan-fiosrachaidh. Corrugated paper, pàipear preasach. Tissue paper, pàipear eadar-fhighe. Paper fasteners, ceanglaichean pàipeir
blotting paper n phr pàipear-sùghaidh m, gen pàipeir-shùghaidh
filter paper n phr pàipear m sìolaidh, gen pàipeir shìolaidh
tracing paper n phr pàipear-treasaidh m, gen pàipeir-threasaidh
paper mod pàipeir. Paper towels, searbhadairean pàipeir
paper v tr (wall, etc) 1 pàipearaich, vn pàipearachadh m
2 boltaig, vn boltaigeadh m
parachute n paraisiut m, pl paraisiutan
parade n pairèid m, pl pairèidean. Amongst hundreds on parade, am measg nan ceudan air pairèid
paradigm n 1 clàr m, gen & pl clàir
2 paradaim m, pl paradaimean. Paradigm and syntagm, paradaim agus siontaim
paradigmatic a paradaimeach. Paradigmatic and syntagmatic, paradaimeach agus siontaimeach
paradox n paradacs m, gen paradaics, pl paradacsan
paraffin n 1 paireafain m
2 ola f ghuail
paragraph n paragraf m, pl paragrafan. Paragraph is a further feature of textual organisation, tha paragraf a-rithist ri fhaotainn ann an òrdanachadh theacsaichean. Verse and paragraph are descriptive terms for features of text, ’s e ainmean a tha ann an rann agus paragraf a bheir iomradh air nithean a bhuineas do theacsa. The series of paragraphs which will make up the account of the life cycle of the butterfly, an t-sreath pharagraf a thèid an ceann a-chèile gus iomradh a dhèanamh air cuairt-bheatha an dealan-dè
paragraph v tr 1 dèan paragrafan, vn dèanamh pharagraf
2 cuir ann am paragrafan, vn cur ann am paragrafan
3 sgrìobh ann am paragrafan, vn sgrìobhadh ann am paragrafan
paragraphing n 1 expressed with a bhith a’ dèanamh pharagraf. Paragraphing can be developed by making clear the link with the purpose of writing, faodar fàs a thoirt air a bhith a’ dèanamh pharagraf le bhith a’ soilleireachadh a’ cheangail a tha ann ri adhbhar sgrìobhaidh
2 expressed with dèan paragrafan, vn dèanamh pharagraf. Paragraphing will be introduced at this level, tòisichear air paragrafan a dhèanamh aig an ìre seo
3 expressed with a bhith a’ cur ann am paragrafan. By paragraphing and highlighting, le bhith a’ cur ann am paragrafan agus a’ comharrachadh a-mach
4 expressed with sgrìobhadh m ann am paragrafan, gen sgrìobhaidh etc. Pupils will develop confidence in the manipulation of paragraphing and sentence structures, bidh a’ chlann a’ fàs nas misneachaile ann a bhith a’ làimhseachadh sgrìobhaidh ann am paragrafan agus cumaidhean sheantansan
parallel a 1 co-shìnte. Parallel lines, loidhneachan co-shìnte
2 not directly expressed. It is equally necessary to develop a parallel awareness and grasp of the richness and diversity of the culture, tha e a-cheart cho riatanach mothachadh agus tuigse àrach air cho saidhbhir agus cho iomachruthach ’s a tha an dualchas
parallelogram n ceithir-cheàrnan m co-shìnte, gen & pl ceithir-cheàrnain cho-shìnte
parasite n 1 parasait f, pl parasaitean
2 faoighiche m, pl faoighichean
parasitic a 1 parasaiteach; parasaitigeach. Hygiene measures adopted should be sufficient to prevent the spread of bacterial, viral and parasitic conditions, bu chòir gum bitheadh na dòighean-obrach slàinteachais a thèid a chur an gnìomh gu leòr gus casg a chur air galaran baicteiriach, bhìorasach agus parasaiteach o bhith a’ sgaoileadh
2 faoigheach
parboil v tr 1 leth-bhruich, vn leth-bhruich f
2 slaop, vn slaopadh m
parcel n 1 parsail m, pl parsailean
2 pasgan m, gen & pl pasgain
pardon v tr (in asking what someone has said) b’ àill leibh? or dè b’ àill leibh?
parent n pàrant m, pl pàrantan. The policy statement should be brought to the attention of parents or guardians, bu chòir aithris a’ phoileasaidh a thoirt gu aire phàrantan no luchd-dìona
parenthesis n eadar-ràdh m, gen eadar-ràidh, pl eadar-ràidhean
parish n 1 parraist m, pl parraistean
2 sgìre f, pl sgìrean
park n pàirc f, gen pàirce, pl pàirceachan. Park ranger, coimheadaiche pàirc
park v tr pàirc, vn pàirceadh m
parking n pàirceadh m, gen pàircidh. No parking, pàirceadh toirmisgte
parking mod pàircidh. Parking place, ionad-pàircidh, ionad-parcaidh
parliament n pàrlamaid f, pl pàrlamaidean. The candidate has pledged her total support to ensure secure status for the Gaelic language within the lifetime of the next parliament, tha an tagraiche air a làn thaic a ghealltainn gus dèanamh cinnteach gum faigh an cànan Gàidhlig inbhe thèarainte ro dheireadh na h-ath phàrlamaid. Parliament Rock, Sgeir na Pàrlamaid (place-name in Loch Maree, of a skerry much frequented by seagulls)
parliamentary a pàrlamaid. Parliamentary candidate, tagraiche pàrlamaid. The prospective parliamentary candidate for the SNP in Ochil constituency, an tagraiche pàrlamaid airson a’ Phàrtaidh Nàiseantaich ann an roinn-thaghaidh Ochaill
parse v tr pàirtich, vn pàirteachadh m
part n 1 pàirt m. Part 1, Pàirt 1. This is a common occurrence and an important part of the process, is nì cumanta seo agus pàirt cudthromach den adhartas a thàtar a’ dèanamh. Group discussion will now be a natural part of class activity, is e pàirt nàdarrach de dh’obair a’ chlas a tha ann am beachdachadh ann am buidhinn a-nis. The most exciting part was …, ’s e am pàirt a bu mhotha a ghluais mi …
2 bad m, pl badan. In parts of the Highlands and Islands, ann am badan den Ghaidhealtachd agus de na h-Eileanan
3 expressed with gabh pàirt an. v phr. Pupils should feel part of what is going on, tha còir gum biodh mothachadh aig cloinn gu bheil iad fhèin a’ gabhail pàirt anns na bheil a’ dol air adhart
4 cuid f. In story, pupils should be led to expect that parts of it will be devoted to setting, anns an stòiridh, bu chòir a’ chlann a threòrachadh gu bhith a’ sùileachadh gum bi cuid dhith air a toirt do stèidheachadh. In the early part of the programme, anns a’ chiad chuid den phrògram
5 earrann f. Pupils will be given chances to repeat favourite parts, gheibh a’ chlann cothrom air a bhith ag atharrais nan earrann as fheàrr leotha fhèin
6 ball m, gen & pl buill. Parts of the body, buill a’ chuirp
as part of prep phr mar phàirt de. As part of the registration process with the social work department, mar phàirt den ghnìomh chlàrachaidh le roinn na h-obrach sòisealta. For many pupils the experience of hearing stories read aloud will be encountered for the first time as part of the school’s early reading programme, ’s ann mar phàirt de thùs-phrògram leughaidh na sgoile a bhitheas an deagh chuid de phàisdean a’ chiad uair nam beatha a’ cluinntinn stòiridhean air an leughadh a-mach
be part of prep phr expressed with buin do, vn buntainn do. Social situations which are not part of their own lives, suidhichidhean sòisealta nach buin do an caitheamh-beatha fhèin
for the most part prep phr anns a’ mhòr earrainn. For the most part, writing will be developed in association with the other three outcomes, anns a’ mhòr earrainn, bidh sgrìobhadh a’ fàs ann an co-bhonn ris na trì builean eile
on the part of prep phr expressed with aig. The transition from the relatively latent to the active phase in the immersion process will require sensitivity on the part of the teacher, feumaidh geur mhothachadh a bhith aig an tidsear ann a bhith a’ gluasad na cloinne on ùine a tha caran falchaidh a dh’ionnsaigh cleachdadh na Gàidhlig
part of speech n phr mìr-cainnte m, pl mìrean-cainnte
partial a bàidheil
partially adv 1 am pàirt
2 expressed with pàirt de. This outcrop of rock is another example of a ridge of harder rock partially eroded by the glacier, tha an creagan seo na eisimpleir eile air druim de chreig as cruaidhe a chaidh pàirt dheth a bhleith leis an eigh-shruth
partiality n 1 claon-bhàidh f
2 bàidh f
participant n expressed with bi a’ gabhail pàirt. The teacher’s role is that of participant member, ’s e àite an tidseir a bhith a’ gabhail pàirt mar bhall den bhuidhinn
participate v i gabh pàirt, vn gabhail pàirt. Ensure all pupils participate fully in classroom activity, dèanamh cinnteach gu bheil a’ chlann air fad a’ gabhail pàirt gu h-iomlan anns na bheil a’ dol air adhart anns an rum-theagaisg. People listen best when the information is of importance to them, when they have to take some action on it or have the opportunity to reply or participate, is ann an uair a tha am fiosrachadh cudthromach dhaibh, an uair a dh’fheumas iad a chuir gu buil ann an dòigh air choireigin no an uair a tha cothrom aca a bhith a’ freagairt no a’ gabhail pàirt as fheàrr a dh’èisteas daoine. By participating and being a good listener, le bhith a’ gabhail pàirt agus ag èisteachd gu math
participle n rang-gabhail m, pl rang-gabhailean
particle n 1 (a) mìr m, pl mìrean
(b) mìrean m, gen mìrein, pl mìreanan
2 caimean m, gen & pl caimein
3 bloigh m, pl bloighean
4 (grammar) (a) mìrean m, gen & pl mìrein. Negative particle, mìrean àicheil. Relative particle, mìrean dàimheil
(b) mion-fhacal m, gen mion-fhacail, pl mion-fhaclan. Numeric particle, mion-fhacal àireamhail. Interrogative particle, mion-fhacal ceisteach. Adverbial particle, mion-fhacal co-ghnìomhaireil. Conjunctive particle, mion-fhacal naisgeil
particular a 1 sònraichte. In particular areas of provision, ann an raointean obrach sònraichte. Pupils are expected to obtain particular information from a text, thàtar a’ sùileachadh gum bi a’ chlann a’ togail fiosrachaidh shònraichte à teacsa. Discussion and individual talk will be given a particular emphasis within Talking and Listening, ann an Labhairt agus ann an Èisteachd cuirear cudthrom sònraichte air còmhradh buidhne agus labhairt aon-neach. The teacher may use particular tasks to find out specific information, faodaidh an tidsear gnìomhan sònraichte a chleachdadh airson fiosrachadh àraidh fhaotainn
2 (a) àraidh, comp àraidhe. At particular times, aig amannan àraidh. To plan what might be achieved in any particular learning activity, gus deasachadh a dhèanamh fa chomhair na ghabhadh a choileanadh ann an gnìomh ionnsachaidh àraidh. Pupils with specific learning difficulties who will have particular problems in reading, writing and spelling, clann le duilgheadasan ionnsachaidh sònraichte, aig am bi tàire àraidh le leughadh, sgrìobhadh agus litreachadh. To focus attention on particular aspects of the situation, aire shònraichte a thoirt do nithean àraidh anns an t-suidheachadh
(b) àraid, comp àraide
3 fa leth. According to the particular requirements of pupils, a rèir nam feuman fa leth aig cloinn
4 expressed with air leth. The computer is of particular benefit to pupils with difficulties, tha an coimpiutar air leth feumail do chloinn aig a bheil duilgheadasan. It is of particular importance, tha e air leth cudthromach
in particular adv phr gu sònraichte. gaelic departments in particular, roinnean Gàidhlig gu sònraichte. He used to maintain that the king had winked at him in particular when he was amongst hundreds on parade, bhitheadh e a’ cumail a-mach gun do phriob an rìgh airsan gu sònraichte is e am measg nan ceudan air pairèid
particularly adv 1 gu h-àraidh. Particularly tales and poems, gu h-àraidh stòiridhean agus dàin. The moraines are particularly evident in this area, tha na morainean gu h-àraidh follaiseach mun seo
2 buileach. It is particularly important, tha e buileach cudthromach. Examining the variety of openings to such texts is particularly valuable, tha e buileach feumail a bhith a’ sgrùdadh gach iomadh seòrsa dhòighean anns a bheil an leithid seo de theacsaichean a’ tòiseachadh
3 expressed with gu h-àraidh cudthromach. Teachers should give careful attention to the readability of all printed texts used, particularly non-fiction, tha còir aig tidsearan làn aire a thoirt gu bheil gach teacsa clò-bhuailte a thàtar a’ cleachdadh furasta a leughadh. Tha seo gu h-àraidh cudthromach ann am fìorsgeul
4 air leth. Computer network systems are particularly relevant, tha siostaman obair-lìn coimpiutair air leth freagarrach
most particularly adv phr gu seachd àraidh. Most particularly in Gaelic, gu seachd àraidh anns a’ Ghàidhlig
partner n 1 pàiste m eile. Personal banks can be drawn up and learned with a partner as checker, faodar tasgadh pearsanta a dhèanamh agus ionnsachadh, le pàiste eile ga dhearbhadh
2 pàirtear m, gen pàirteir, pl pàirtearan
party n buidheann m & f, gen buidhne, dat f buidhinn, pl buidhnean, buidhnichean
pass n (between hills) bealach m, gen bealaich, pl bealaichean
pass n (travel; exams) pas m, pl pasaichean
pass v tr 1 cuir seachad, vn cur seachad. How did you pass the time? ciamar a chuir thu seachad an tìde?
2 rach seachad air, vn dol seachad air. What things do you pass on your way to school? dè na rudan air an tèid thu seachad air an t-slighe don sgoil
passage n 1 (of e.g. writing) earrann f, gen earrainn, pl earrannan
2 (in township) pasaid f, pl pasaidean
passion n boile f
passive a 1 (grammar ; geography) fulangach. Passive voice, guth fulangach
2 soimeach. Passive activities, gnìomhan soimeach
• neo-ghnìomhach. Passive activity, cur seachad neo-ghnìomhach
passively adv gu socair. There is a latent phase in the immersion process, during which language is passively absorbed, tha ùine fhalchaidh an cois an drùdhaidh anns a bheil cànain air a gabhail a-staigh gu socair
past n an saoghal a bha ann. In coping with the future it is essential to have an understanding of the past, ann a bhith a’ gabhail ris na h-amannan a tha ri thighinn tha e do-sheachnaichte tuigse a bhith ann air an t-saoghal a bha ann
in the past prep phr san àm a chaidh seachad. The flat land by the river has clearly been cultivated in the past, tha e soilleir gun deach an talamh còmhnard mun abhainn àiteach san àm a chaidh seachad
in the recent past, o chionn ghoirid
past a 1 expressed with roimh làimh. Convey and understand information about past events, thoir seachad agus tuig fiosrachadh mu nithean a thachair roimh làimh
2 (gram) caithte. Past tense, tràth caithte
3 expressed with cheana. Pupils will be able to understand information about past events, thèid aig a’ chloinn air fiosrachadh mu nithean a tha air tachairt cheana a thuigsinn
4 expressed with a bha ann. Simple descriptions of people, things and places, past and present, iomraidhean sìmplidh mu dhaoine, mu nithean agus mu àiteachan, a bha ’s a tha ann
5 not expressed. Pupils will be able to understand information about past events, thèid aig a’ chloinn air fiosrachadh mu nithean a tha air tachairt a thuigsinn
past tense n phr tràth m caithte
past tense mod phr anns an tràth chaithte. The effects possible with present and past tense narration, na buaidhean a ghabhas a chruthachadh le seanchas anns an tràth làthaireil no chaithte
paste v tr glaodh, vn glaodhadh m
pasting n expressed with a bhith a’ glaodhadh. By cutting and pasting, le bhith a’ gearradh ’s a glaodhadh
pastoral a aoghaireach
pastoral poem, dàn-aoghaireach m, gen & pl dàin-aoghaireach
pasture n 1 feurach m, gen feuraich
2 (shieling) àirigh f, pl àirighean. To protect the crops and to preserve the grazing the animals were moved to summer pastures, gus am bàrr a dhìon agus gus an talamh-ionaltraidh a ghlèidheadh bha na beathaichean air an gluasad gu àirighean san t-samhradh
pasture land n phr àite-feuraich m
patch n 1 (on clothing) (a) tùthag f, pl tùthagan
(b) brèid f, gen brèide, pl brèidean
2 (of fog, mist) bad m, gen baid, pl badan
3 (of ground) (a) àite m, pl àiteachan
(b) mìr m, pl mìrean. The sites of the old houses appear as patches of green ground among the more sombre coloured heather, tha làraichean nan seann taighean a’ sealltainn mar mhìrean de thalamh gorm am measg an fhraoich a tha nas duirche an dath
(c) criomag f, gen criomaig, pl criomagan. A patch of grassy ground marks another house site, tha criomag de thalamh feurach a’ comharrachadh làrach eile far an robh taigh uaireigin
4 brèid f, gen brèide, pl brèidean. There is a patch of snow on the mountain, tha brèid shneachda air a’ bheinn
patch of ground n phr mìr m fearainn, gen mìr fhearainn, pl mìrean fearainn; mìr m talmhainn, gen mìr thalmhainn, pl mìrean talmhainn
patent n pàitinn f, pl pàitinnean
path n 1 ceum m, pl ceuman, ceumannan
2 frith-rathad m, gen frith-rathaid, frith-ròid, pl frith-ròidean
3 staran m, gen & pl starain
4 bàir f, gen bàire, pl bàirean
patriotism n gràdh-dùthcha m, gen gràidh-dhùthcha
patrol v tr expressed with rach cuairt timcheall plus gen, vn dol cuairt timcheall. At 9.00 am the policeman drives from Milton to patrol the other villages, aig 9.00 m bidh am poileasman a’ draibheadh bho Bhail’ a’ Mhuilinn airson a dhol cuairt timcheall nam bailtean eile
patronymic n sloinneadh m, gen sloinnidh, pl sloinnidhean
pattern n pàtran m, gen & pl pàtrain; pàtaran m, gen & pl pàtarain. Pupils should be given an interest in words, and the patterns within them, tha còir ùidh na cloinne a thogail ann am faclan, agus na pàtarain a tha an taobh a-staigh dhiubh. This is the same pattern of stresses as the other songs have, ’s e seo an t-aon phàtran de chudthroman ’s a tha aig na h-òrain eile
pause n stad m, gen stad, pl stadan. Discussion with teacher will draw attention to stress pauses, emphases, bheir beachdachadh leis an tidsear aire a dh’ionnsaigh cudthroim, stadan agus seula
pawl n pòl m
pay v tr 1 pàigh, vn pàigheadh m
2 not expressed. Visits should be paid to galleries, bu chòir tadhal air gailearaidhean
pay attention v phr thoir aire, vn toirt aire. They will pay careful attention to punctuation and structure, bidh iad a’ toirt deagh aire do phungadh agus do structar. Later, pupils will pay attention to handwriting, as a dhèidh sin, bheir a’ chlann aire do làmh-sgrìobhadh. Pay close attention at other, more important times, aig amannan eile, a tha nas cudthromaiche, a bhith a’ toirt geur aire
paid a 1 pàighte
2 air tuarastal. The policy statement should be brought to the attention of all existing and new paid staff and volunteers, bu chòir aithris a’ phoileasaidh a thoirt gu aire luchd-obrach uile air tuarastal is saor-thoileach, biodh iad an sàs mar-thà no ùr
payment n pàigheadh m, gen pàighidh, pl pàighidhean
payment mod pàighidh. The pre-school offers a flexible payment system for families with different means, tha an ro-sgoil a’ tairgse siostaim phàighidh fhosgailte do theaghlaichean aig a bheil maoin eadar-dhealaichte
pea n peasair f, gen peasrach, pl peasraichean. Frozen peas, peasraichean reòta
peach-leaved a (botany) peitse-dhuilleagach. Peach-leaved bellflower, flùr-cluigeanach peitse-dhuilleagach
peak n 1 mullach m, gen & pl mullaich
2 stùc f, gen stùice, pl stùcan. Jagged peak, stùc eagach. Pyramidical peak, stùc bhiorramaideach
peanut n cnò-thalmhainn f, pl cnothan-talmhainn
pearl n neamhnaid f, pl neamhnaidean
peat n mòine f
peat bog n blàr m, gen & pl blàir
peat-hag n bota m, pl botaichean
pebble n 1 dòirneag f, gen dòirneig, pl dòirneagan
2 molag f, gen molaig, pl molagan
peculiar a 1 neònach, comp neònaiche. The prime minister had a rather peculiar text last night, ’s e ceann-teagaisg caran neònach a bha aig a’ phrìomhaire a-raoir
2 àraid, comp àraide
pedal n 1 casachan m, gen & pl casachain
2 troighean m, gen & pl troighein
pedestrian n coisiche n, pl coisichean
pedestrian crossing n phr àite-coise m, gem àite-choise, pl àitean-coise
pedestrian precinct n phr àrainn-choisichean f, pl àrainnean-choisichean
pedigree n 1 sloinntearachd f
2 glùn m ghinealach, gen glùin ghinealach
pedipal n iadhair m goirid, pl iadhairean goirid
peel n rùsg m, gen & pl rùisg
peel v tr rùisg, vn rùsgadh m
peeler n rùsgadair m, pl rùsgadairean
peer n co-aois f, pl co-aoisean. Talk clearly and audibly to peers and known adults, a’ labhairt gu soilleir gus gun cluinnear iad, ri an co-aoisean agus ri inbhich eòlaich. Through discussion with their teacher and their peers, tro bheachdachadh leis an tidsear aca, agus le an co-aoisean. As an introduction to self- and peer-assessment, mar thùs-measaidh orra fhèin ’s air an co-aoisean
peer-assessment n 1 measadh m cho-aoisean, gen measaidh cho-aoisean. To assist in self- and peer-assessment, gus cuideachadh le fèin-mheasadh agus measadh cho-aoisean
2 measadh m air co-aoisean, gen measaidh air co-aoisean. As an introduction to self- and peer-assessment, mar thùs-measaidh orra fhèin ’s air an co-aoisean
peer-evaluation n 1 breithneachadh m cho-aoisean, gen breithneachaidh cho-aoisean. Invaluable in this are self- and peer-evaluation, tha fèin-bhreithneachadh agus breithneachadh cho-aoisean do-sheachnaichte feumail a thaobh seo
2 expressed with bi a’ breithneachadh cho-aoisean. The teacher will encourage self- and peer-evaluation, bidh an tidsear a’ misneachadh na cloinne gu bhith gam breithneachadh fhèin agus an cuid cho-aoisean
3 expressed with bi a’ breithneachadh air an co-aoisean. Pupil self- and peer-evaluation will include consideration of the success with which information transfer took place, bidh a’ chlann a’ breithneachadh orra fhèin ’s air an co-aoisean agus a’ toirt fa-near dè cho math ’s a chaidh fiosrachadh a lìobhraigeadh
pegboard n bòrd-bhioran m, gen & pl bùird-bhioran
pelagic a 1 fairgeach. Pelagic whaling, sealg fhairgeach nam muc-mhara
2 (fishing) eu-domhainn
pelt n bian m, gen & pl bèin
pen (writing) n peann m, gen & pl pinn
pen (stock) n crò m, gen cròtha, pl cròithean. A sheep pen, crò chaorach. This later building has in turn been adapted for use as a small sheep pen, chaidh an togalach as fhadalaiche seo atharrachadh a-rithist gu bhith air a chleachdadh mar chrò beag do chaoraich
penalty n The family wish for the death penalty if they are convicted, tha an teaghlach airson gun tèid an cur gu bàs ma thèid an dìteadh
pendulum n cudthrom-siùdain m, gen cudthruim-shiùdain, pl cudthroman-siùdain
peninsula n 1 leth-eilean m, gen leth-eilein, pl leth-eileanan
2 leth-innis f, gen leth-innse, pl leth-innsean
3 not directly expressed. An extensive settlement of dispersed roundhouses stretches from here across the peninsula to the loch, tha àite-tuineachaidh farsaing de thaighean-cruinne sgapte a’ ruith à seo tarsainn gu ruig an loch
peninsular a 1 leth-eileanach
2 leth-innseach
penis n bod, gen & pl buid, boid
penny n sgillinn f, pl sgillinnean. Pounds and pence, notaichean agus sgillinnean
pentagon n còig-cheàrnach m, gen & pl còig-cheàrnaich. Pentagon based prism, priosam le bonn còig-cheàrnach
pentagonal a còig-cheàrnach. Pentagonal prism, priosam còig-cheàrnach
penthouse n sgàthlann f, gen sgàthlainn, pl sgàthlannan
Pentland Firth pr n an Caol m Arcach, gen a’ Chaoil Arcaich
penultimate a leth-dheireannach. In the chorus and in verse 2 the second stress comes on the penultimate syllable, anns an fhonn agus ann an rann 2 tha an dara cudthrom a’ tighinn air an lide leth-dheireannach
people n 1 daoine m pl. People in the community, daoine anns a’ choimhearsnachd. People listen best when the information is of importance to them, is ann an uair a tha am fiosrachadh cudthromach dhaibh as fheàrr a dh’èisteas daoine. Interviews with older people will give a picture of former ways of life, bheir còmhraidhean ri seann daoine dealbh dhuinn air dòighean-beatha a dh’fhalbh
2 sluagh m, gen sluaigh. The socio-economic reasons for the dispersal of Gaelic-speaking people to the Commonwealth, na h-adhbhair shòiseo-eacanomaigeach a chuir sgapadh air sluagh na Gàidhlig don Cho-Fhlaitheas
per prep mu choinneamh (gach). They cost £10 per hundred, tha iad a’ cosg £10 mu choinneamh gach ceud. Send 50 pence per ticket sold, cuir 50 sgillin mu choinneamh gach tiocaid a chaidh a reic
perceive v tr mothaich, vn mothachadh m
perceived a expressed with mar a thàtar a’ faicinn. They will respond flexibly to the perceived needs of pupils, bidh iad a’ coinneachadh ann an caochladh dhòighean ri feuman na cloinne mar a thàtar gam faicinn
per cent adv sa cheud
percentage n àireamh f sa cheud, gen àireimh sa cheud, pl àireamhan sa cheud
perception n 1 tuigse f
2 lèirsinn f
3 faireachdainn f, pl faireachdainnean. Verb of perception, gnìomhair faireachdainn
perceptive a lèirsinneach
perceptively adv gu lèirsinneach. In order to relate these texts perceptively to their own experience, gus na teacsaichean sin a cho-chur gu lèirsinneach ri an cuid fiosrachaidh fhèin. Pupils will talk perceptively about their own experience, bidh a’ chlann a’ labhairt gu lèirsinneach mun cuid fiosrachaidh fhèin
perennial a (botany) iol-bhliadhnail. Perennial beard-grass, feur-feusaig iol-bliadhnail
perfect a coileanta. The perfect tense, an tràth coileanta. Nobody is perfect, chan eil duine coileanta
perfective a coileantach. The perfective aspect, an t-aogas coileantach
perform v tr & i 1 dèan, vn dèanamh m
2 coilean, vn coileanadh m
3 cuir an cèill, vn cur an cèill. Performing in speech and writing, a’ cur an cèill ann an càinnt agus ann an sgrìobhadh
performing arts n phr na h-ealain chleas, gen nan ealain chleas. Exemplified by increased interest in the performing arts, mar eisimpleir air a seo tha barrachd ùidh ga gabhail anns na h-ealain chleas
performance n 1 coileanadh m, gen coileanaidh. Rather than having the gap exposed between their present attainments and some ideal level of performance, ’s chan ann a’ foillseachadh na beàrna eadar na thèid aca air a dhèanamh an-ceartuair agus ìre choileanaidh air choireigin as àirde tha ri fhaotainn. It will be important to assess both content and performance, bidh e cudthromach an dà chuid susbaint agus coileanadh a mheasadh. In considering performance (the presentation of the message in talk or writing), ann a bhith a’ gabhail beachd air coileanadh (a’ cur na teachdaireachd an cèill ann an cainnt-bheòil no ann an sgrìobhadh)
2 expressed with na tha … a’ coileanadh. Provided that it helps teacher and pupil to achieve a balanced view of the pupil’s performance, fhad ’s a chuidicheas e an tidsear agus am pàiste gus sealladh cothromach fhaotainn air na tha am pàiste a’ coileanadh
3 obair f. For assessing what is needed to improve performance, airson measadh a dhèanamh air na tha riatanach gus obair a dhèanamh nas fheàrr. To review and evaluate their own performance, gus a bhith a’ breithneachadh agus a’ measadh na h-obrach aca fhèin
4 iomairt f. When pupils are themselves the audience for a performance or programme, an uair a tha a’ chlann fhèin nan luchd-amais air iomairt no air prògram
5 cluich f. Pupils will demonstrate a response to their listening in a variety of media, writing, pictures, graphics, speech, and performance, bidh a’ chlann a’ nochdadh freagairt do an cuid èisteachd ann an caochladh mhodhannan, sgrìobhadh, dealbhan de gach seòrsa, labhairt agus cluich
6 dèanadas m, gen dèanadais. To develop the skills of dramatic expression, reading for effect and performance, gus fàs a thoirt air sgilean dràma agus air leughadh seallaidh is dèanadais
7 expressed with mar a thèid le. Information about their children’s performance, fiosrachadh mu mar a chaidh leis an cuid chloinne. To permit the communication of the pupil’s performance to the pupil, gus cothrom a thoirt do dh’iomradh air mar a tha a’ dol don phàiste a lìobhraigeadh don phàiste fhèin
8 expressed with mar a nì or mar a tha … a’ dèanamh. The criteria are simply the grounds on which a judgement is going to be made about the pupil’s performance on a task, chan eil na comharraidhean ach dìreach airson breithneachadh a dhèanamh air mar a nì pàiste ann an gnìomh. The pupils can discuss their performance as a group, faodaidh a’ chlann co-bheachdachadh air mar a tha iad a’ dèanamh mar bhuidhinn
9 expressed with na tha … a’ cur an gnìomh. Play situations will help pupils talk about their performance, bidh suidhichidhean cluiche nan cuideachadh don chloinn ann a bhith a’ bruidhinn air na tha iad fhèin a’ cur an gnìomh
10 expressed with na tha … a’ cur ris. The setting within which pupils can assess their own performance, an suidheachadh anns am faod a’ chlann measadh a dhèanamh air na tha iad fhèin a’ cur ris
11 expressed with na tha … ris. The response of audience will help the reader to review reading performance, bidh an dòigh anns an gabh an luchd-amais ris na chuideachadh don leughadair gu bhith a’ breithneachadh air na tha e ris
12 expressed with na plus dèan, vn dèanamh m. To hear their own and their classmates’ performance, gus a bhith a’ cluinntinn na nì iad fhèin agus an co-aoisean. To help them evaluate and improve their performance, gus cuideachadh leotha ann a bhith a’ breithneachadh air na rinn iad fhèin agus a’ cur sin am feobhas
13 expressed with na plus relevant v. Pupils’ language performances will be facilitated by recording their own performances, bidh e na chuideachadh don chloinn, ann a bhith gan cur fhèin an cèill ann an cainnt, ma bhitheas na tha iad a’ labhairt air a chlàradh
14 expressed with gabhail m pàirt. By examining situations in mime, movement and performance, ann a bhith a’ rannsachadh shuidhichidhean ann am mìm, ann an gluasad agus ann an gabhail pàirt
15 expressed with gabh pàirt an, vn gabhail pàirt an. Some will be live performances by teachers or pupils, bidh an tidsear no a’ chlann a’ gabhail pàirt ann an cuid dhiubh sin
16 expressed with a bhith a’ gabhail pàirt. Through discussion with their teacher and their peers, as well as through performance and role-play, tro bheachdachadh leis an tidsear aca, agus le an co-aoisean, a bharrachd air iad fhèin a bhith a’ gabhail pàirt agus a’ dol an riochd. Working in this way pupils will be introduced to aspects of performance, ann a bhith ag obair anns an dòigh seo gheibh clann aithne air nithean a tha a’ bualadh air a bhith a’ gabhail pàirt
17 expressed with bi ag actadh. Including plays, in performance, films, etc., a’ gabhail a-staigh dealbh-chluichean gan actadh, filmichean agus an leithid sin
18 expressed with a bhith a’ cur an cèill. Pupils’ language performances will be facilitated by recording their own performances, bidh e na chuideachadh don chloinn, ann a bhith gan cur fhèin an cèill ann an cainnt, ma bhitheas na tha iad a’ labhairt air a chlàradh
19 expressed with cleachdadh air …. Teachers will offer knowledge about language when it is likely to help pupils improve their performance, Bithidh tidsearan a’ tairgse eòlais air cànain an uair a tha coltas ann gun cuidich sin a’ chlann gus an cleachdadh air cànain a chur am feobhas
20 not directly expressed. When attending a dramatic performance, nuair a thàtar a’ frithealadh dràma. The text may be, for example, a poem, an illustrated page from a children’s book, or a scene from a dramatic performance, mar eisimpleirean de theacsaichean tha dàn, duilleag le dealbh bho leabhar chloinne, no sealladh bho dhràma de sheòrsa sam bith. In analysing a taped performance, the pupils will recognise key points in the discussion, ann a bhith a’ sgrùdadh na chaidh a chur air teip de an cuid bheachdachaidh aithnichidh a’ chlann na nithean as cudthromaiche. In drama and performance, ann an dràma de gach seòrsa
performance mod coileanaidh. The pupil is free to concentrate on the performance aspects, tha am pàiste saor gus inntinn a leagail gu tur air cùisean coileanaidh
perfume n cùbhras m, gen cùbhrais, pl cùbhrasan
perfume v tr
perfumed a sam bheil cùbhras. The perfumed water must be poured over the centre of the activated carbon, feumar an t-uisge sam bheil cùbhras a thaomadh thairis air meadhan a’ charboin ghrìosta
perhaps adv 1 ’s dòcha. Helping pupils, perhaps at first in pairs, a’ cuideachadh na cloinne, ’s dòcha nan càraidean an toiseach. Pupils will perhaps use simple notes, ’s dòcha gun cleachd a’ chlann notaichean sìmplidh
2 ’s dòcha gu. A pupil with visual impairment may approach Reading in ways that are perhaps dependent on Braille, ’s dòcha gum bi pàiste a tha gann anns an fhradharc a’ feuchainn air leughadh le dòighean a tha an urra ri Braille
3 math dh’fhaoidte. Through, perhaps, the exploration of place names, math dh’fhaoidte tro rannsachadh air ainmean-àite. Others may have no immediate contact with Gaelic, their experience of the language coming perhaps entirely from the school’s curriculum, cuid eile, ’s dòcha, aig nach eil dlùth cheangal idir ris a’ Ghàidhlig agus a tha, math dh’fhaoidte, gu tur an urra ri clàr-teagaisg na sgoile airson na tha iad ag ionnsachadh den chànain
perimeter n cuairt-thomhas m, gen & pl cuairt-thomhais
period n (time) 1 greis f. Following a period of consultation, an ceann greis de cho-bhreithneachadh
2 ùine f. For some time beyond the immersion period, car greiseig seach an ùine dhrùdhaidh
3 àm m, gen ama, pl amannan. Tools from this early period have been found nearby, chaidh goireasan bho àm thràth seo a lorg faisg air an seo. The remains of several different periods of settlement can be seen, chithear làraichean a bhuineas do ghrunnan de dhiofar amannan tuineachaidh
4 (punctuation) stad-phuing f, gen stad-phuinge, pl stad-phuingean
5 (menstruation) fuil-mhìos f, gen fala-mhìos
6 not directly expressed. Have recently enjoyed a period of growth, air a bhith a’ mealtainn fàis o chionn ghoirid
within a period of prep phr an taobh a-staigh (plus gen). You will receive a reply within two weeks, gheibh thu freagairt an taobh a-staigh dà sheachdain
periodical n iris f, pl irisean
periodical a
periodically adv bho àm gu àm. The teacher will periodically act as scribe, bidh an tidsear bho àm gu àm a’ sgrìobhadh às an leth
Peripatetic a (philosophy) Pereipiteatach
peripatetic a siubhail. Peripatetic teachers, tidsearan-siubhail
periphery n oir f, gen oire, pl oirean
2 iomall m, gen & pl iomaill
periphrastic a iom-labhrach. Periphrastic construction, gleus-cainnte iom-labhrach
periscope n peireascop m, pl peireascopan
perish v i rach a dhìth, vn dol a dhìth. They will not allow him to perish, cha leig iad leis a dhol a dhìth
permafrost n sìor-reothadh m, gen sìor-reothaidh. Active permafrost layer, filleadh beò sìor-reothaidh, or breith bheò shìor-reothaidh
permanent a 1 buan
2 maireannach
3 expressed with fad na h-ùine. They are living there permanently, tha iad a’ fuireach ann fad na h-ùine
4 expressed with fad na bliadhna. The surviving stone buildings show that this was generally an area of permanent settlement, tha na togalaichean cloiche a tha air mhaireann a’ sealltainn gu robhar a’ tuineachadh an seo sa chumantas fad na bliadhna
permeable a so-dhrùidhteach. Permeable rock, creag sho-dhrùidhteach. Alternate permeable and impermeable layers, breathan so-dhrùidhteach agus neo-dhrùidhteach mu seach
permeate v tr & i 1 rach air feadh, vn dol air feadh. It permeates the entire curriculum, tha i a’ dol air feadh a’ chlàir-theagaisg air fad
2 sgaoil a-mach tro, vn sgaoileadh a-mach tro. Word processing should permeate all areas of the curriculum, tha còir aig dealbh-sgrìobhadh a bhith a’ sgaoileadh a-mach tro gach earrainn den chlàr-theagaisg
permeating a expressed with rach air feadh. This recognises that language exists both as a discrete area and as a permeating element across the curriculum, tha seo a’ gabhail ris gu bheil àite sònraichte aig cànain an dà chuid dhi fhèin agus mar nì a tha a’ dol air feadh a’ chlàir-theagaisg gu lèir
permission n 1 cead m. I give permission for my child to be treated in the event of a medical emergency, tha mi a’ toirt cead gum faigh an neach-cloinne agam gabhail aice/aige ma bhitheas suidheachadh-èiginn meidigeach ann
2 (a) òrdan m, gen òrdain. The police are waiting for permission to enter the house, tha am poileas a’ feitheamh ri òrdan a dhol a-steach don taigh
(b) òrdugh m, gen òrduigh. He was taking away things without permission, bha e a’ toirt leis rud gun òrdugh
permit v tr 1 thoir cothrom do, vn toirt cothroim do. It will permit imaginative investigation of situations apparently remote from themselves, bheir e cothrom do rannsachadh tro mhac-meanmna air suidhichidhean a shaoileadh tu a tha aig astar bhuapa fhèin. It is the responsibility of the school to apply the attainment targets in ways which will permit pupils to demonstrate their attainments, tha e mar uallach air an sgoil na cuimsean coileanaidh a chur an sàs ann an dòighean a bheir cothrom do chloinn a bhith a’ nochdadh na tha a’ dol aca air a dhèanamh. Which will permit individual, group and class learning, a bheir cothrom dhaibh a bhith ag ionnsachadh mar aon, mar bhuidhinn agus mar chlas
2 thoir cead do. They should be permitted to do so, bu chòir cead a thoirt dhaibh sin a dhèanamh
permutation n iom-mhalairt f, pl iom-mhalairtean. Mathematical permutations, iom-mhalairtean matamataigeach. The long line is put together from a permutation between two patterns of the first half-line and two patterns of the second half-line, and as a result of this there may be four patterns of long line, tha an sreath fada air a chur ri chèile à iom-mhalairt eadar dà phàtran den chiad leth-shreath agus dà phàtran den dara leth-shreath, agus mar bhuil air an seo faodaidh ceithir pàtrain de shreath fada a bhith ann
perpendicular n ingear m, gen ingeir
perpendicular a 1 ingearach
2 (familiar, eg of cliff) dìreach. A perpendicular cliff, creag dhìreach
3 ceart-cheàrnach. Two eskers are located just north of the valley running perpendicular to the end-moraine, tha dà eisgir suidhichte beagan tuath air a’ ghleann a’ ruith ceart-cheàrnach ris a’ mhoraine-chrìche.
4 (architecture) ingear-chruthach. The perpendicular style, an stoidhle ingear-chruthach
perpendicularly adv gu h-ingearach. Stones standing perpendicularly, clachan nan seasamh gu h-ingearach
persecute v tr geur-lean, vn geur-leanmhainn m. It is time they stopped persecuting the man, tha e thìde dhaibh sgur den duine a gheur-leanmhainn
persevere v i buanaich, vn buanachadh m
Persia pr n a’ Pheirse f, gen na Peirse
Persian pr n 1 Peirseach m, gen & pl Peirsich
2 (language) Peirsis f
Persian a Peirseach
persistant a leanailteach, comp leanailtiche. Any staff member who contracts a persistant cough must withdraw from work, ma thogas neach sam bith den luchd-obrach casad leanailteach feumaidh i/e tarraing a-mach às a cuid/chuid obrach
person n 1 neach m. A culture that valued the rearing of cattle as a measure of a person’s wealth, dualchas a bha a’ cur luach air a bhith ag àrach cruidh mar thomhas air beairteas neach
2 cuideigin. Participate in discussion in the role of another person, a bhith a’ gabhail pàirt ann am beachdachadh ann an riochd cuideigin eile. To call someone by name, cuideigin a ghairm air ainm
3 pearsa m, pl pearsachan. First person singular, a’ chiad phearsa singilte. Second person dual, an dara pearsa dùbailte. Third person plural, an treas pearsa iomarra. Effects created by first or third person narrative, buaidhean a tha mar thoradh air seanchas anns a’ chiad no an treasa pearsa
personal a 1 pearsanta. Personal writing, sgrìobhadh pearsanta. Personal history, eachdraidh phearsanta. Personal number, cunntair pearsanta. Personal pronoun, riochdair pearsanta. Personal voice, guth pearsanta. A personal experience, fiosrachadh pearsanta. A personal reading programme, prògram-leughaidh pearsanta. To support pupils’ personal development, taice chur ri fàs pearsanta chloinne. For the purposes of a piece of personal research, gus rannsachadh pearsanta a chur air adhart. A school’s policy will also take account of the particular educational, social and personal needs of its pupils, gabhaidh poileasaidh sgoile cuideachd ealla ris na feuman sònraichte a tha aig a chuid sgoilearan — feuman foghlaim, feuman sòisealta agus feuman pearsanta. It should cover the language of personal interaction, bu chòir cànain phearsanta eadar dhaoine a ghabhail a-staigh
2 expressed with gu pearsanta adv. This will provide pupils with a sense of personal and cultural identity, bheir seo mothachadh don chloinn orra fhèin gu pearsanta agus gu cultarail. In talking offer a personal response to the events, a’ freagairt ann an cainnt gu pearsanta fa chomhair na thachair
3 not directly translated. Reflect on what has been read and record personal reactions, a’ beachd-smuaineachadh air na chaidh a leughadh agus a’ clàradh mar a ghabhadh ris
personally adv gu pearsanta. Pupils will write functionally, personally and imaginatively, bidh sgoilearan a’ sgrìobhadh gu gnìomhach, gu pearsanta agus gu cruthachail
personality n pearsantachd f. Parts of it will be devoted to dialogue which reveals personality, bidh cuid dhith air a toirt do chòmhradh a tha a’ foillseachadh pearsantachd
personification n pearsanachadh m, gen pearsanachaidh
persuade v tr 1 cuir ìmpidh, vn cur ìmpidh. Persuading, a’ cur ìmpidh
2 cuir ìmpidh air, vn cur ìmpidh air
persuasive a ìmpidh. A variety of forms of functional writing including discursive and persuasive writing, caochladh mhodhannan de sgrìobhadh gnìomhachail, agus sin a’ cunntadh sgrìobhadh tuairisgeil agus sgrìobhadh ìmpidh
pertinent a
pertinently adv expressed with iomchaidh a. Teachers will question pertinently, bidh tidsearan a’ cur cheistean iomchaidh
pest n 1 plàigh f, gen plàighe, pl plàighean
2 biast f, gen bèiste, pl biastan
pesticide n 1 puinnsean m bhiastan, gen puinnsein bhiastan, pl puinnseanan bhiastan
2 pèistneimh m, pl pèistneimhean
pet n peata f, pl peataichean, peatan
pet food n biadh m pheatan
petal n 1 (a) flùr-bhileag f, gen flùr-bhileig, pl flùr-bhileagan
(b) bileag f, gen bileig, pl bileagan
2 piotal m, gen & pl piotail
petition n athchuinge f, pl athchuingean. They are preparing a petition to go to the Council, tha iad ag ullachadh athchuinge a thèid chon na Comhairle. Almost five hundred names have been put to a petition, chaidh faisg air còig cheud ainm a chur ri athchuinge
petrol n peatrail m
petrol mod peatrail. A petrol station, stèisean peatrail
pewter n feòdar m, gen feòdair
pH n pH m. pH value, ìre pH
pharyngeal a 1 faraingeach. Pharyngeal consonant, connrag fharaingeach
2 ais-sgòrnach. Pharyngeal consonant, connrag ais-sgòrnach
pharynx n faraing f
phase n 1 ùine f. This is the immersion phase, is e seo an ùine dhrùdhaidh. By the end of this two year phase, mu dheireadh na h-ùine seo, a mhaireas dà bhliadhna. The aims of this phase are:, ’s iad amasan na h-ùine seo:
2 fo-rèis f, pl fo-rèisean. The input phase, an fho-rèis a-steach. The consolidation phase, an fho-rèis bhonntachaidh. The output phase, an fho-rèis a-mach. These Programmes of Study are based on three overlapping phases in second language learning, tha na Clàran Oideachaidh seo air an stèidheachadh air trì fo-rèisean eadar-cheangailte ann an ionnsachadh air dàrna cànain. Pupil progress in the teaching or the evaluation phases of the assessment cycle, adhartas na cloinne anns na fo-rèisean teagaisg no breithneachaidh sa chuairt mheasaidh
phase v tr
phased a expressed with a fhreagras air gach ceum. A phased approach towards strengthening Gaelic as a living language is required, tha feum air dòigh-obrach a fhreagras air gach ceum gus a’ Ghàidhlig a neartachadh mar chànan beò
pheasant n 1 fèasan m, gen & pl fèasain
2 easag f, gen easaige, pl easagan
philological n a thaobh eòlais-chànan
philologist n eòlaiche-chànan m, pl eòlaichean-chànan
philology n eòlas-chànan m, gen eòlais-chànan
philosopher n feallsanaiche m, pl feallsanaichean
philosophical a feallsanachdail
philosophy n feallsanachd f
phlegm n spleangaid f
phone (grammar) n foghar m, gen & pl foghair
phone v tr fòn, vn fònadh m. Phone this number for all customer enquiries, fòn an àireamh seo mar chustamair le ceist sam bith
phoneme n fòineim m, pl fòineimean
phonemic a fòineimeach
phonetic a fogharach
phonetics n eòlas m fogharachd, gen eòlais fhogharachd
phonic a fuaim. Through a programme which should develop phonic and blending skills, tro phrògram a dh’fheumadh sgilean fuaim agus cothlamaidh a thoirt air adhart
phonological a fòin-eòlasach
phonology n fòin-eòlas m, gen fòin-eòlais
phosphate n fosfait f, pl fosfaitean
phosphorescence n teine m sionnachain
phosphorous n fosfar m
photocopy n lethbhreac-dealbh m, pl lethbhreacan-dealbh
photograph n 1 dealbh-chamara f, pl dealbhan-camara. From pictures or photographs, bho dhealbhan làimhe no camara. Making photographs or slides to create a narrative, a’ dèanamh dhealbhan-camara no shleamhnan gus sgeul a chur ri chèile
2 dealbh f, gen deilbh, pl dealbhan. This photograph was taken by a camera pointing straight down from the bottom of an aeroplane, chaidh an dealbh seo a thogail le camara a bha a’ tomhadh sìos dìreach bho bhonn itealain
photographer n dealbhadair m (camara), pl dealbhadairean (camara)
photography n obair f chamara, gen obrach camara
photosynthesis n photosynthesis m
phrase n abairt f, pl abairtean. Adjectival phrase, abairt bhuadhaireach. Adverbial phrase, abairt cho-ghnìomhaireil. Conjunctive phrase, abairt naisgeil. Nounal phrase, abairt ainmearach. Prepositional phrase, abairt roimhearach. Verbal phrase, abairt ghnìomhaireach. New words and phrases, faclan ùra agus abairtean ùra. Reading the first phrases of a text, a’ leughadh a’ chiad dhà no trì abairtean de theacsa. Some everyday courtesy phrases, na h-uiread de dh’abairtean-modh làitheil. This song is in strophic metre, with one strophe in each verse and four phrases in each strophe, ’s e meadrachd stròfach a tha air an òran seo, le aon stròf anns gach rann agus ceithir abairtean anns gach stròf
turn of phrase n phr expressed with dòigh àraidh air smaoin a chur an cèill. There will still be a need for the teacher to help pupils with a turn of phrase, feumaidh an tidsear fhathast a’ chlann a chuideachadh le dòigh àraidh air smaoin a chur an cèill
phylum n fìolam m, pl fìolaman
physical a 1 corparra. Physical education, foghlam corporra. Regardless of physical or social circumstances, ge b’e air bith dè an suidheachadh corparra no sòisealta anns a bheil iad. A few may reveal signs of physical difficulties, àireamh bheag, ’s dòcha, a’ nochdadh gu bheil duilgheadasan corparra aca
2 (a) bodhaig. Pupils with physical difficulties, clann le duilgheadasan bodhaig
(b) a bhuineas do bhodhaig. In order to protect them from physical, sexual and emotional harm, airson an dìon bho chron a bhuineas do bhodhaig, do ghnè is do dh’fhaireachadh inntinn
3 fiosaigeach. Physical features, feartan fiosaigeach. The physical environment, an àrainneachd fhiosaigeach. Physical constants, co-sheasmhaichean fiosaigeach
physics n fiosaig f
physiology n beò-eòlas m, gen beò-eòlais
pick v tr 1 tagh, vn taghadh m
2 buain, vn buain f
pick out v phr 1 dèan taghadh, vn dèanamh taghaidh. Through involving pupils in picking out items relevant to the topic, le bhith a’ toirt air a’ chloinn taghadh a dhèanamh air nithean a tha a’ freagairt air a’ chuspair
2 tog à, vn togail à. To pick out an important idea in the text, gus bun-bheachd cudthromach a thogail às an teacsa
pick up v phr expressed with cuir aghaidh air an àite às an tig. Pupils will be encouraged to sit comfortably and quietly so that they can pick up the message, bi a’ chlann air am misneachadh gu suidhe gu cofhartail agus gu socair, gu aghaidh a chur air an àite às a bheil an teachdaireachd a’ tighinn ’s gun a bhith a’ cur casg
pickle n picil f
picnic n 1 cuirm-chnuic f, pl cuirmean-cnuic
2 cuirm-thraghad f, pl cuirmean-traghad
3 picnic m, pl picnicean. It’s squashed in our car, but we stop for a picnic, bidh e gu math dinnte anns a’ chàr againn ach bidh sinn a’ stad airson picnic
pictorial a 1 dhealbh. Teachers will help pupils to use pictorial and contextual cues, bidh tidsearan a’ cuideachadh na cloinne gu bhith a’ cleachdadh comharraidhean dhealbh agus suidheachaidh
2 expressed with ann an dealbhan. The outcomes from these activities may be written or pictorial, faodaidh toradh na h-obrach seo a bhith ann an sgrìobhadh no ann an dealbhan
picture n 1 (a) dealbh f, pl dealbhan. Read for enjoyment simple stories supported by pictures, a’ leughadh airson toileachaidh stòiridhean a tha sìmplidh le taice dhealbh. Such as gesture, mime and pictures, mar tha gluasad-bodhaig, atharrais agus dealbhan. They should expect vivid pictures to be painted by means of comparisons in simile and metaphor, bu chòir dùil a bhith aca gum bi dealbhan beòthail gan cruthachadh tro shamhla agus tro mheatafor
(b) dealbh f làimhe, pl dealbhan làimhe. From pictures or photographs, bho dhealbhan làimhe no camara
2 tuairisgeul m, gen tuairisgeil, pl tuairisgeulan. Materials will be chosen to help children to respect other people by avoiding derogatory pictures or messages about any group of people, thèid stuthan a thaghadh gus cuideachadh le cloinn gu bhith a’ toirt urraim do dhaoine eile tro bhith a’ seachnadh thuairisgeulan no theachdaireachdan tarcaiseach mu bhuidheann sam bith de dhaoine
moving pictures n phr film m, pl filmichean. They will be supported with illustrations or moving pictures, gheibh iad taice o dhealbhan no o fhilmichean
picture mod expressed with le dealbhan. Teachers should provide a wide range of picture, story and informational texts, tha còir aig tidsearan teacsaichean de iomadh seòrsa, le dealbhan is stòiridhean is fiosrachadh, a thoirt don chloinn
picture book n phr leabhar-dhealbh m, pl leabhraichean-dhealbh. Informational picture books should be introduced, tha còir tòiseachadh air leabhraichean-dhealbh le fiosrachadh
pie n paidhean m, gen & pl paidhein
pie chart n phr clàr-cearcaill m, gen & pl clàir-chearcaill
pie graph n phr graf-cearcaill m, pl grafaichean-cearcaill
piece n 1 pìos m, pl pìosan. A piece of verse, pìos bàrdachd. For a piece of personal research, airson pìos de rannsachadh pearsanta
2 earrann f, gen earrainn, pl earrainnean. Grasping the purposes behind a piece of talk or writing, greim fhaighinn air na h-adhbhair a tha air cùl earrann labhairt no sgrìobhaidh. Write imaginative pieces in various genres, a’ sgrìobhadh o mhac-meanma earrainnean de chaochladh gnè. They will begin to draft their own pieces of composed writing, bidh iad a’ tòiseachadh air dreachdan a dhèanamh de na h-earrainnean sgrìobhaidh aca fhèin
3 bloigh f, gen bloighe, pl bloighean
4 not translated. For the purposes of a piece of personal research, gus rannsachadh pearsanta a chur air adhart
pierce v tr dèan toll an, vn dèanamh tuill an
pill n pile f, pl pileachan. Sleeping pills, pileachan cadail
pillar n 1 colbh m, gen & pl coilbh. The pillars of the bridge, coilbh na drochaid
2 carragh f, gen carraigh, pl carraighean. A memorial pillar with a long inscription, carragh-chuimhne le sgrìobhadh-gràbhalaidh fada oirre
pilot n paidhleat m, pl paidhleatan
pillory n brangas m, gen & pl brangais
pimple n guirean m, gen & pl guirein
pinch n (small amount) cainneag f, pl cainneagan
pinch v tr caob, vn caobadh m
pine v i
pine away v phr sìolaidh às, vn sìoladh às
pink a pionc, pinc
pinnacle n 1 binnean m, gen binnein, pl binneanan
2 bidean m, gen bidein, pl bideanan
pinpoint v tr comharraich, vn comharrachadh m. They will listen to pinpoint specific information, bidh iad ag èisteachd gus fiosrachadh sònraichte a chomharrachadh
pioneer n 1 tùsaire m, pl tùsairean
2 (army) saighdear-tochlaidh, gen saighdeir-thochlaidh, pl saighdearan-tochlaidh
pipe n pìob f, pl pìoban. Communication pipe, pìob eadar-cheangail. Service pipe, pìob sheirbheis. Supply pipe, pìob-sholair
pipe v
piping n 1 (of water) pìoban f pl
2 (ornamental) cuislean f pl
pipeline n loidhne-phìob f, pl loidhneachan-phìob
pipette n pìobaid f, pl pìobaidean
pipistrelle n (Pipistrellus pipistrellus) 1 ialtag f fheasgarach, gen ialtaig feasgaraich, pl ialtagan feasgarach
2 pipiostrail f, pl pipiostrailean
pipistrelle, Nathusius’s n (Pipistrellus nathusii) pipiostrail f Nathusius, pl pipiostrailean Nathusius
pipit, meadow n (Anthus pratensis) snàthadag f, pl snàthadagan
pipit, tree n (Anthus trivialis) riabhag-choille f
piston n loinid f, pl loinidean. The piston of the syringe, loinid an steallaire
pit (mine) n mèinn f, pl mèinnean
pithead n ceann-mèinne m, gen & pl cinn-mhèinne
pitch n àirde f. Low and high voice will be used to describe pitch in spoken texts, bithear a’ cleachdadh guth ìosal agus guth àrd gu bhith a’ comharrachadh àirde ann am teacsaichean beòil
pitch accent n cudthrom-àirde m, pl cudthroman-àirde
pitch n (tar) bìth f, gen bìthe
pith n brìgh f
pity n beud m. It would be a great pity if that were to happen, bu mhòr am beud nan tachradh sin
pivot n maighdeag f, gen maighdeig, pl maighdeagan
place n àite m, pl àiteachan. Place of residence, àite fuirich. The advantages of bilingualism should have an important place in teaching and learning, bu chòir àite cudthromach a bhith aig na buannachdan a tha an cois dà-chànanais ann an teagasg ’s ann an ionnsachadh. It should begin from where the child is in place and time — familiar experiences, the local environment, including cityscapes, tha còir aige tòiseachadh far a bheil am pàiste — an t-àite agus an tìm anns a bheil e, fiosraichidhean air a bheil e eòlach, an àrainneachd ionadail agus sin a’ cunntadh seallaidhean a’ bhaile mhòir. It is essential that libraries are attractive places, feumaidh leabharlannan a bhith nan àiteachan tlachdmhor. To describe places, past and present, iomradh a dhèanamh air àiteachan a bha ’s a tha ann
in place adv phr stèidhichte. Procedures must be in place to cover the event of illness or an accident, feumaidh dòighean-obrach a bhith stèidhichte a choinnicheas ri suidheachadh tinneis no tubaist
place of residence n phr àite-fuirich m, pl àiteachan-fuirich. Pupils will understand questions and statements regarding age, name and place of residence, bidh a’ chlann a’ tuigsinn cheistean agus ràdhan mu aois, ainm agus àite-fuirich
place v tr 1 cuir, vn cur m. Place one finger on letter A at the top of the map, cuir aon chorrag air litir A aig mullach a’ mhapa. This guidance is placed beside relevant information to be found in other advice, tha an stiùireadh seo ga chur làmh ri fiosrachadh iomchaidh a gheibhear ann an comhairle eile
2 càirich, vn càradh m
place-name n phr ainm-àite m, pl ainmean-àite. Through, perhaps, the exploration of place-names, math dh’fhaoidte tro rannsachadh air ainmean-àite
plaid n breacan m, gen breacain, pl breacain, breacanan
plain n 1 còmhnard m, gen còmhnaird, pl còmhnardan. Outwash plain, còmhnard às-sgolaidh
2 faiche f, pl faichean
plait n 1 figheachan m, gen & pl figheachain
2 pleat m, pl pleatan, or pleatadh m, gen pleataidh, pl pleataidhnean
plan n plana m, pl planaichean. Plans of work, planaichean obrach. The teacher will not be abandoning existing plans and practice, cha bhi an tidsear a’ leigeil nam planaichean a tha ann a-cheana an dàrna taobh. They intend to demonstrate against the plans to close the school, tha iad am beachd fianais a thogail an aghaidh nam planaichean airson an sgoil a dhùnadh
plan view n phr sealladh m plana, gen seallaidh phlana, pl seallaidhean plana. If you flew directly over the house you would see the plan view, nan sgèitheadh tu dìreach os cionn an taighe chitheadh tu an sealladh plana
plan v 1 (a) deasaich, vn deasachadh m. It will help teachers to plan their teaching, cuidichidh i tidsearan gu bhith a’ deasachadh an cuid teagaisg. The following principles should be observed when planning any programme, bu chòir cumail ris na prionnsabalan a leanas ann a bhith a’ deasachadh prògram sam bith
(b) dèan deasachadh fa chomhair, vn dèanamh deasachaidh fa chomhair. The attainment targets are intended to help the teacher plan what might be achieved, is e a tha air cùl nan cuimsean coileanaidh, cuideachadh a dhèanamh leis an tidsear gus deasachadh a dhèanamh fa chomhair na ghabhadh a choileanadh
2 ullaich, vn ullachadh m. Comments on each of the attainment outcomes will help the pupil’s next teacher to plan a programme, bidh beachdan air gach aon de na builean coileanaidh nan cuideachadh don ath thidsear a bhitheas aig a’ phàiste ann a bhith ag ullachadh prògram. To plan the design and teaching of Gaelic, gus dealbhadh agus teagasg na Gàidhlig ullachadh. To plan and provide for children’s needs, gus ullachadh a dhèanamh mu choinneamh feuman chloinne.
3 (a) dealbh, vn dealbhadh m. In planning and in implementing their own detailed policies for language, ann a bhith a’ dealbhadh ’s a’ cur an gnìomh am poileasaidhean-cànain mionaideach fhèin
(b) deilbh, vn deilbh f. Assessment procedures should be planned as part of the teaching and learning processes, tha còir dòighean-measaidh air cànain a dheilbh mar phàirt de chùisean teagaisg agus ionnsachaidh
6 dèan planadh, vn dèanamh planaidh. Since several pupils are able to plan and organise ideas together, seach gu bheil comas aig grunnan chloinne planadh a dhèanamh agus rian a chur air beachdan còmhla
7 bi plus dùil aig. When pupils consider what they plan to write, an uair a tha a’ chlann a’ gabhail beachd air na tha dùil aca a sgrìobhadh
8 cuir ro, vn cur ro. Teachers might plan to enable most pupils to achieve Level E by the end of S2, dh’fhaodadh na tidsearan a bhith a’ cur romhpa comas a thoirt don chuid bu mhotha den chloinn Ìre E a choileanadh ro dheireadh A2
9 socraich, vn socrachadh m. Plan the work of the organisation so as to minimise situations where the abuse of children may occur, socraich obair na buidhne air dhòigh a lùghdaicheas suidhichidhean far am faodadh droch-dhìol cloinne tachairt
planned a 1 expressed with ullachadh dòigheil a dhèanamh. The school will identify all such needs in a planned and systematic way, bidh an sgoil a’ comharrachadh gach feum den t-seòrsa sin le ullachadh dòigheil rianach a dhèanamh dhaibh
2 expressed with agus sin a-rèir plana. Planned opportunities to talk together will occur in class activities, bidh cothrom ann a bhith a’ bruidhinn còmhla ann an obair a’ chlas — agus sin a-rèir plana
3 expressed with mar nì deasaichte. Pupils should have regular planned opportunities to read, tha còir aig a’ chloinn cothrom cunbhalach a bhith aca, mar nì deasaichte, a bhith a’ leughadh
planning n 1 (a) deasachadh m, gen deasachaidh. In the design and planning of policies, ann an dealbhachadh agus ann an deasachadh phoileasaidhean
(b) expressed with deasaich, vn deasachadh m. On which teachers can capitalise in the planning and delivery of the programme, air am faod luchd-teagaisg a bhith a’ togail ann a bhith a’ deasachadh a’ phrògraim agus ga chur an gnìomh
(c) expressed with a bhith a’ deasachadh. Methods of planning, conducting and recording assessment in language, dòighean air a bhith a’ deasachadh, a’ cur an gnìomh agus a’ clàradh measaidh air cànain
2 (a) planadh m, gen planaidh. To help pupils sort out what they want to say and how to use notes in planning, a’ chlann a chuideachadh gus rian a chur air na tha iad ag iarraidh a ràdh agus mar a chleachdas iad notaichean ann am planadh. Preparation which will include research, planning, deasachadh a ghabhas a-staigh rannsachadh, planadh. Pupils of all abilities become engaged in group discussion and planning, tha clann de gach comas a’ dol an greim ann am beachdachadh mar bhuidhnean agus ann am planadh
(b) expressed with ann a bhith a’ planadh. Planning for pre-school meetings and events will take into account the needs of people with disabilities, ann a bhith a’ planadh airson choinneamhan agus tachartasan ro-sgoile bithear a’ gabhail ealla ri feumalachdan dhaoine air a bheil ciorraman
3 dealbhachadh m, gen dealbhachaidh. Planning permission, cead dealbhachaidh
4 expressed with deilbh, vn deilbh f. They should be used by teachers as a framework for planning assessment, bu chòir do thidsearan an cleachdadh mar bheairt air am bi measadh air a dheilbh
5 (a) expressed with ullachadh m air. Planning assessment, ullachadh air measadh
(b) expressed with a bhith ag ullachadh. They should be directly related to the teacher’s aims in planning the context, tha còir aca ceangal dìreach a bhith aca ris na h-amasan a bha aig an tidsear ann a bhith ag ullachadh an t-suidheachaidh
(c) expressed with ullaich, vn ullachadh m, Time for planning and evaluation of language policy, ùine airson poileasaidh cànain ullachadh agus a bhreithneachadh
Planning Department n Roinn f Dealbhachaidh, gen Roinne Dealbhachaidh
planning permission n phr cead m dealbhachaidh
plane n plàna m, pl plànaichean
planet n planaid f, pl planaidean
plank n dèile f, pl dèilean
plankton n plancton m
planner n neach-dealbhachaidh m, pl luchd-dealbhachaidh
plant n 1 lus m, gen lusa, luis, pl lusan. The plants growing here are taking advantage of the soils enriched by previous settlers, tha na lusan a tha a’ fàs an seo a’ gabhail cothroim air ùir a chaidh a mhathachadh leis an luchd-tuineachaidh a bha ann roimhe
2 luibh f, pl luibhean
3 planntrais f, pl planntraisean
4 expressed with dìthean m, gen dìthein, pl dìthein, dìtheanan. The plants in the garden will love this rain, abair gun còrd an t-uisge seo ris na dìthein anns a’ ghàrradh
5 (industrial) innealraidh f, pl innealraidhean. Heavy plant crossing, innealraidh throm a’ dol tarsainn. Wastewater treatment plant, innealraidh airson leasachadh uisge-chaithte
plant mod 1 planntrais. A plant-pot, poit-phlanntrais
2 lusraich. The sites of the old houses also support a variety of plant species, far a bheil làraichean nan seann-taighean cuideachd gheibhear caochladh sheòrsachan de ghnèithean lusraich
plant v cuir, vn cur m
planting n 1 cur m, gen cuir
2 expressed with bi a’ cur. Activities such as planting seeds, gnìomhan mar a bhith a’ cur sìl
plantation n 1 planntachadh m, gen planntachaidh, pl planntachaidhean; or planntaigeadh m, gen planntaigidh, pl planntaigidhean
2 planntachas m, gen planntachais. Plantation agriculture, tuathanachas planntachais
planter n planntair m, pl planntairean
plaque n plaic f, pl plaicean
plaster n 1 (medicine) plàsd m
2 sglàib f
plaster v tr sglàibrich, vn sglàibreachadh m
plasterer n sglàibeadair m, pl sglàibeadairean
plasticine n plastasan m, gen plastasain. You could use different coloured plasticine to make the layers of rock, dh’fhaodadh tu plastasan de dhiofar dhathan a chleachdadh airson na breathan creige a dhèanamh
plate n 1 truinnsear m, gen truinnseir, pl truinnsearan
2 (geology) pleit f, pl pleitichean, or pleat f, pl pleataichean. Plate boundary, crìoch phleataichean
2 (plating) pleat f. Gold plate, pleat òir. Silver plate, pleat airgid
plate v tr pleataich, vn pleatadh m
plated a pleitichte. Gold-plated, pleitichte le òr. Silver-plated, pleitichte le airgead. Nickel-plated, pleitichte le niceal
plating n pleatadh m, gen pleataidh
plateau n àrd-chlàr m, gen & pl àrd-chlàir
platelet n pleatlait f, pl pleatlaitean
platform n 1 àrd-ùrlar m, gen & pl àrd-ùrlair
2 (station) àrd-chabhsair m, pl àrd-chabhsairean
play n 1 cleasachd f. Through their play and other self-directed activities, tro an cuid chleasachd agus tro ghnìomhan eile a tha iad fhèin a’ cur air adhart
2 cleas m, pl cleasan. Children play naturally, and in such play build understanding of themselves and the world in which they live, tha e nàdarrach do chloinn a bhith a’ cluiche, agus ann an cleasan den t-seòrsa sin tha iad a’ togail tuigse orra fhèin agus air an t-saoghal anns a bheil iad beò
3 cluich, cluiche m, gen cluiche, pl cluichean and cluicheannan. Schools will capitalise on pupils’ own play, gabhaidh sgoiltean cothrom air cluiche chloinne fhèin. All outdoor play must be supervised, feumar sùil a chumail air a’ chluich a-muigh air fad
4 expressed with cluich, vn cluich or cluiche m. Much time at the early stages should be spent on play, tha còir mòran ùine aig toiseach gnothaich a chur seachad a’ cluich
5 expressed with a’ cluich air. While involved in construction play, etc., fhad ’s a tha iad an sàs a’ cluich air a bhith a’ cur rudan ri chèile, agus mar sin
6 (drama) dealbh-chluiche f, pl dealbh-chluichean. Play and scene identify features of dramatic texts, tha dealbh-chluich agus sealladh a’ comharrachadh nithean a bhuineas do theacsaichean-dràma. Short plays, dealbh-chluichean goirid. By showing pupils how to turn basic story ideas into plays, le bhith a’ sealltainn don chloinn mar a chuireas iad bun-bheachdan sìmplidh stòiridh ann an riochd dhealbh-chluichean
play mod cluiche. Play area, àite cluiche. Play situations will help pupils think, bidh suidhichidhean cluiche nan cuideachadh don chloinn ann a bhith a’ smaoineachadh
play v tr & i 1 cluich, vn cluich or cluiche. Playing, a’ cluiche. Pupils will play games, bidh a’ chlann a’ cluich gheamannan. They will play listening games, bidh iad a’ cluiche chleasan-èisteachd. Children play naturally, and in such play build understanding of themselves and the world in which they live, tha e nàdarrach do chloinn a bhith a’ cluiche, agus ann an cleasan den t-seòrsa sin tha iad a’ togail tuigse orra fhèin agus air an t-saoghal anns a bheil iad beò
2 iomair, vn iomairt f. They were playing backgammon, bha iad ag iomairt tàileisg. They played the (board-) game, dh’iomair iad an cluich
3 gabh, vn gabhail. Pupils could examine the roles played by themselves and others, dh’fhaodadh a’ chlann sgrùdadh a dhèanamh air an àite a ghabh iad fhèin agus càch. The pre-school will consider what part it will play in meeting the special needs of children and families in their community, nì an ro-sgoil beachdachadh air a’ phàirt a bhitheas i a’ gabhail ann a bhith a’ coinneachadh ris na feumalachdan sònraichte a tha aig cloinn agus aig teaghlaichean nan coimhearsnachd
play back v phr cluich a-rithist, vn cluich a-rithist. Pupils’ language performances will be facilitated by recording and playing back their own performances, bidh e na chuideachadh don chloinn, ann a bhith gan cur fhèin an cèill ann an cainnt, ma bhitheas na tha iad a’ labhairt air a chlàradh ’s air a chluich a-rithist
playing n cluiche f. These skills will be consolidated by the playing of games, bidh na sgilean seo air an daingneachadh le cluiche gheamannan
playback a expressed with airson cluiche. Audio recording and playback equipment, uidheam teip-èisteachd airson clàraidh agus cluiche
player n expressed with cluich, vn cluich m. He is an expert player of the bagpipes, tha e ealanta air cluich na pìoba
playground n raon m cluiche, gen raoin chluiche. Give and respond to instructions relating to playground and home situations, cuir an cèill agus cuir an gnìomh iarrtasan co-cheangailte ri suidheachaidhean an raoin chluiche agus na dachaigh
playgroup n 1 cròileagan m, gen & pl cròileagain
2 buidheann-chluiche f, gen buidhne-cluiche, pl buidhnean-cluiche
playwright n dràmadaiche m, pl dràmadaichean
please v tr
please, if you please v (phr) 1 mas e do thoil e, mas e ur toil e
2 expressed with bi plus an comain. Please send me two books, bhithinn nur comain nan cuireadh sibh thugam dà leabhar. Please try and return the form as soon as possible, bidh sinn nur comain nan dèanadh sibh ur dìcheall gus a’ bhileag a thilleadh cho luath ’s a ghabhas
pleased a air a dhòigh. She is pleased because the rain will water the flowers, tha i air a dòigh a chionn ’s gu bheil na dìthein a’ faighinn an uisge
pleasure n 1 toileachas m, gen toileachais. Help pupils to develop confidence and pleasure in their own use of Gaelic, a’ cuideachadh na cloinne gus earbsa a bhith aca nan comas fhèin sa Ghàidhlig agus gus toileachas fhaotainn às sin
2 toileachadh m, gen toileachaidh. To read individually for pleasure, a bhith a’ leughadh mar aon airson toileachaidh. Media texts are to be enjoyed for the pleasures they provide, tha còir cothrom a ghabhail air an toileachadh a gheibhear à teacsaichean-meadhain
aesthetic pleasure n phr toileachas-inntinn m. To give satisfaction and aesthetic pleasure, gus riarachadh agus toileachas-inntinn a thoirt seachad
pleasure boat n phr 1 bàt-athais m, pl bàtaichean-athais
2 bìrlinn f, pl bìrlinnean
pleat n 1 pleat m, pl pleatan
2 (a) filleadh m, gen fillidh, pl fillidhnean
(b) Pleats, filltean
pledge v tr geall, vn gealltainn m. The candidate has pledged her total support to ensure secure status for the Gaelic language, tha an tagraiche air a làn thaic a ghealltainn gus dèanamh cinnteach gum faigh an cànan Gàidhlig inbhe thèarainte
plentiful a pailt
pliable a so-lùibte
pliers n greimire m, pl greimirean
plimsoll n bròg-chleasachd, gen bròige-cleasachd, pl brògan-cleasachd
plosive a dùinte. Plosive consonant, connrag dhùinte
plot n 1 plota m, pl plotaichean. Aspects such as plot, nithean mar a tha plota. Stories and dramas will have more characters and more complex plots, bidh am barrachd phearsachan agus phlotaichean ioma-fhillte anns na stòiridhean agus anns an drama
2 (deceit) guim m, pl guimean
3 (deceit) cuilbheart f, gen cuilbheirt, pl cuilbheartan
plot (of land) n 1 ceapach f, gen ceapaich, pl ceapaichean
2 ballan m, gen & pl ballain
3 goirtean m, gen goirtein, pl goirteanan
plot v tr 1 càirich, vn càradh m. Plot on a graph, càirich air graf
2 ullaich, vn ullachadh m. Plot a graph, ullaich graf
plough v tr treabh, vn treabhadh m
ploughing n treabhadh m, gen treabhaidh
pluck v tr spìon, vn spìonadh m. Plucking a hen, a’ spìonadh cearc
plumb a (vertical) 1 dìreach
2 ingearach
plumb n
plumb line n phr 1 (a) sreang-dhìreach f, gen sreinge-dìrich, pl sreangan-dìreach
(b) sreang-ingearach f
2 sreang-luaidhe f, pl sreangan-luaidhe
plumber n plumair m, pl plumairean
plunder v tr 1 spuinn, vn spuinneadh m
2 reub, vn reubadh m
3 creach, vn creachadh m
plunderer n 1 spuinneadair m, pl spuinneadairean
2 reubadair m, pl reubadairean
plunge v tr & i
plunge pool n phr poll-easa m, gen & pl puill-easa
plunger n loinid f, pl loinidean
plural n iolra m. We have here an unusual singular form created by back formation from the plural, ’s e a tha againn an seo riochd singilte neo-àbhaisteach a thàinig tro chùl-riochdachadh bhon iolra
plural a 1 iolra. The plural number, an àireamh iolra
2 iomarra. The plural number, an àireamh iomarra
pluralism n iolrachas m, gen iolrachais. Pluralism in society, iolrachas ann an cùisean a’ mhòr-shluaigh
plurality a iolrachd f. Plurality of universes, iolrachd de dhomhain
plutonic a plutonach; plutonaigeach. Plutonic rock, creag phlutonach
p.m., san fheasgar. At seven p.m., aig seachd san fheasgar
pneumatic a èadhair. Pneumatic tires, taidhrichean èadhair
pneumatics n àileòlas m, gen àileòlais
pocket n pòcaid f. Wall pockets, pòcaidean balla
pocket-money n airgead-pòcaid m, gen airgid-phòcaid
poem n 1 dàn m, gen & pl dàin. Listen to a simple story, poem or dramatic text, ag èisteachd ri stòiridh, dàn no teacsa dràma a tha sìmplidh. The text may be, for example, a poem, an illustrated page from a children’s book, or a spoken message, mar eisimpleirean de theacsaichean tha dàn, duilleag le dealbh bho leabhar chloinne, no teachdaireachd bheòil. Tales and poems, stòiridhean agus dàin. They should expect the poem to develop through its verses, bu chòir dùil a bhith aca gum bi an dàn a’ fàs o rann gu rann
2 duan m, gen & pl duain. Poems have strong rhymes, tha comhardadh làidir ann an duain. Poems may no longer always have rhymes, ’s dòcha nach bi comhardadh daonnan a-nis anns na duain
3 pl expressed with bàrdachd f. There must be early exposure of pupils to a wide range of stories and poems, feumar a’ chlann a chur gu tràth an lùib sreath fharsaing de stòiridhean agus de bhàrdachd
dramatic poem n phr dàn-dràmadach m, gen dàin-dhràmadaich, pl dàin-dhràmadach
epic poem n phr dàn-mòr m, gen dàin-mhòir, pl dàin-mhòra
eulogy n dàn-molaidh m, gen & pl dàin-mholaidh
lyric poem n phr ealaidh f, pl ealaidhean
pastoral poem n phr dàn-aoghaireach m, gen dàin-aoghairich, pl dàin-aoghaireach
poem sequence n phr sreath-dhàn m, pl sreathan-dhàn
poet n bàrd m, gen & pl bàird. Biographical details about poets, fiosrachadh mu bheatha nam bàrd
poetic a 1 bàrdail
2 bàrdachd. Fictional, poetic and informational texts, teacsaichean ficsein, bàrdachd agus fiosrachaidh
poetry n bàrdachd f. Poetry will have simple imagery, ’s e ìomhaigheachd shìmplidh a bhios anns a’ bhàrdachd. In poetry, ann am bàrdachd. Poetry writing depends on wide experience of listening to and reading poems, tha sgrìobhadh bàrdachd an urra ri eòlas farsaing air a bhith ag èisteachd ri dàin agus gan leughadh. Pupils’ writing of poetry will be aided by their reading aloud, bidh a’ chlann air an cuideachadh ann a bhith a’ sgrìobhadh bàrdachd le bhith a’ leughadh a-mach
narrative poetry n phr bàrdachd-sgeòil f. This approach is also valuable with narrative poetry, tha an dòigh-obrach seo feumail cuideachd le bàrdachd-sgeòil
point n 1 puing f, pl puingean. Basic points about assessing language, puingean bunaiteach mu mheasadh air cànain. Skim and scan to locate main points of a text, a’ togail agus a’ sgrùdadh gus prìomh phuingean ann an teacs a chomharrachadh. The teacher will decide with pupils the main points, bidh an tidsear a’ suidheachadh leis a’ chloinn air na prìomh phuingean
2 nì m, pl nithean. In analysing a taped performance, the pupils will recognise key points in the discussion, ann a bhith a’ sgrùdadh na chaidh a chur air teip de an cuid bheachdachaidh aithnichidh a’ chlann na nithean as cudthromaiche. Checks on premises will include the following points, am measg na thèid a dhearbhadh a thaobh thogalaichean bithidh na nithean a leanas
3 cùis f àraidh. The setting within which pupils can argue points, an suidheachadh anns am faod a’ chlann deasbad a dhèanamh air cùisean àraidh
4 (a) ìre f, pl ìrean. According to the purpose of the narrator at any one point in the story, a rèir amas an sgrìobhaiche aig ìre àraidh sam bith den stòiridh. Half-termly or at points determined by school policy, leitheach slighe tron tèarm no aig ìrean a tha poileasaidh na sgoile a suidheachadh
(b) expressed with ìre air choireigin. They may be in Gaelic Learners classes beginning either in P1, or in S2, or at points in between, faodaidh iad a bhith ann an clasaichean luchd-ionnsachaidh, agus iad a’ tòiseachadh air a’ Ghàidhlig ann am B1 no an A1, no aig ìre air choireigin eatarra sin
5 àm, gen ama, pl amannan. They are not directly related to age since pupils will begin to learn Gaelic at different points, chan eil ceangal dìreach aca ri aois a chionn gum bi a’ chlann a’ tòiseachadh air a’ Ghàidhlig aig amannan eadar-dhealaichte
6 àite m, pl àiteachan. Note the stones sticking up from the heather at this point, thoir an aire do na clachan nan seasamh a-mach bhon fhraoch anns an àite seo. There must be a safe drop off and collection point for vehicles, feumaidh àite sàbhailte a bhith ann do charbadan airson clann a leigeil às agus a thogail
7 ionad m, gen ionaid, pl ionadan. Point of intersection, ionad trasnaidh. Service point, ionad-frithealaidh. At the Council Service Point, aig Ionad-Frithealaidh na Comhairle
8 (of the compass) àird f, gen àirde, pl àirdean. Points of the compass, àirdean na combaist
9 (promontory) àird f, gen àirde, pl àirdean
10 (apex) binnean m, gen binnein, pl binneanan
11 pàirt m, pl pàirtean. Fill the container with water until it is higher than the lowest point of the outside pot, lìon an soitheach le uisge gus am bheil e nas àirde na am pàirt as isle den phoit a tha a-muigh
key point n phr nì m as cudthromaiche, pl nithean as cudthromaiche. In analysing a taped performance, the pupils will recognise key points in the discussion, ann a bhith a’ sgrùdadh na chaidh a chur air teip de an cuid bheachdachaidh aithnichidh a’ chlann na nithean as cudthromaiche
main point n phr prìomh phuing
no point n phr expressed with neg plus brìgh f. Have more tea, there’s no point in pouring it away, gabh còrr teatha, chan eil brìgh a taomadh
point of view n phr 1 barail f, pl barailean. Respond relevantly by questioning, supporting an opinion or offering an alternative point of view, a’ freagairt gu h-iomchaidh le bhith a’ cur cheistean, a’ cur taice ri beachd no a’ tairgse barail eadar-dhealaichte. Points of view will be used in group situations, bithear a’ cleachdadh barailean ann an suidhichidhean bhuidhnean
2 beachd m, pl beachdan. Pupils will listen to different points of view, bidh a’ chlann ag èisteachd ri beachdan eadar-dhealaichte. Teachers should use texts in English on Gaelic matters to provide an alternative point of view, bu chòir do thidsearan teacsaichean Beurla air cùisean na Gàidhlig a chleachdadh gus beachd eile a chur. How to distinguish between a character’s own point of view and what the author feels about it, mar a nithear dealachadh eadar beachd a’ phearsa fhèin agus mar a tha an t-ùghdar a’ faireachdainn mu dheidhinn
3 sealladh m, gen seallaidh, pl seallaidhean. To look at events from the point of view of different characters, a bhith a’ coimhead air tachartasan o shealladh chaochladh phearsachan. In order to offer comment on some aspects of author’s point of view and purpose, gus beachd a thoirt seachad air cuid de nithean a bhuineas do shealladh agus do dh’adhbhar an ùghdair
to the point adv phr gu h-iomchaidh. Talking to the point, a bhith a’ bruidhinn gu h-iomchaidh
point v i & tr 1 comharraich, vn comharrachadh m. He was pointing to it, bha e a’ comharrachadh ris
2 tomh, vn tomhadh m. He was pointing to it, bha e a’ tomhadh ris. This photograph was taken by a camera pointing straight down from the bottom of an aeroplane, chaidh an dealbh seo a thogail le camara a bha a’ tomhadh sìos dìreach bho bhonn itealain
point out v phr 1 cuir an cèill, vn cur an cèill. The teacher will point out the positive effects of careful layout and presentation, bidh an tidsear a’ cur an cèill cho fìor fheumail ’s a tha cruth is foillseachadh cùramach
2 comharraich, vn chomharrachadh. To point something out, rud àraidh a chomharrachadh
pointed a biorach, comp bioraiche
pointer n 1 (eg of compass) snàthad f, gen snàthaid, pl snàthadan
2 comharra-iùil m, pl comharran-iùil. Part 3 offers some pointers, tha Pàirt 3 a’ tairgse àireamh chomharran-iùil
poke v tr & i 1 brod, vn brodadh im
2 brodaich, vn brodachadh m
Poland pr n A’ Phòlainn f, gen na Pòlainn
polder n poildear m, gen poildeir, pl poildearan
polar a pòlarach
Pole pr n Pòlainneach m, gen & pl Pòlainnich
pole n pòla m, pl pòlaichean. Magnetic poles, pòlaichean magnaiteach. The North Pole, am Pòl a Tuath. The South Pole, am Pòl a Deas
Pole Star pr n Reul-iùil f, gen rèil-iùil
police n poileas m, gen poileis
police station n phr stèisean-poileis m, gen stèisein-phoileis, pl stèiseanan-poileis
policeman n poileasman m, gen & pl poileasmain
policy n poileasaidh m, pl poileasaidhean. In the light of an overall school policy, an lorg poileasaidh-sgoile san fharsaingeachd. In planning and in implementing their own detailed policies for language, ann a bhith a’ dealbhadh ’s a’ cur an gnìomh am poileasaidhean-cànain mionaideach fhèin
policy statement n phr aithris f phoileasaidh, pl aithrisean poileasaidh. The policy statement should be brought to the attention of all staff, bu chòir aithris a’ phoileasaidh a thoirt gu aire luchd-obrach uile
Polish pr n (language) Pòlainnis f
Polish a Pòlainneach
polish v tr lìomh, vn lìomhadh m
political a poileataigeach. Political map, mapa poileataigeach. Political movement, gluasad poileataigeach
politics n poileataics m
poll v tr
polling booth n phr ionad-bhòtaidh m, gen ionaid-bhòtaidh, pl ionadan-bhòtaidh. If the polling booths were going to be open, ma bha na h-ionadan-bhòtaidh gu bhith fosgailte
polling station n phr steisean-bhòtaidh m, gen stèisein-bhòtaidh, pl stèiseanan-bhòtaidh
pollen n poilean m, gen poilein
pollute v tr truaill, vn truailleadh m
pollution n 1 truaillidheachd f
2 truailleadh m, gen truaillidh
polyethylene n pola-eitilin
polygenetic a iomabhunach
polystyrene n polastaidhrean m, gen polastaidhrein
polysyllabic a ioma-lideach, comp ioma-lidich
polysynthetic a ioma-cho-thàthte. Polysynthetic language, cànan ioma-cho-thàthte
polyunsaturated a neo-shùighte. Polyunsaturated fats, saillean neo-shùighte
pomegranate n gràn-ubhal m, gen gràn-ubhail, pl gràn-ubhlan
pond n 1 linne f, pl linntean. I’m going to crash into the pond, thèid mi le brag dhan linne
2 òb m, gen òba, pl òban
pond skater n (Gerridae) 1 breabadair m, pl breabadairean
2 dannsair m dubh an uisge, pl dannsairean dubha an uisge
pool n (in river, for fishing) poll m, gen & pl puill
2 (swimming) amar m, gen amair, pl amaran. Indoor pool, amar a-staigh. Outdoor pool, amar a-muigh
fun pool n phr amar-cluiche m, gen amar-chluiche, pl amaran-cluiche. Should public swimming-pools and fun pools be used, the person in charge of the pre-school must contact the manager of the facility prior to the visit, ma thèid amaran-snàimh poblach agus amaran-cluiche a chur am feum, feumaidh an neach a tha air ceann na ro-sgoile brath a leigeil air manaidsear a’ ghoireis mus bithear a’ tadhal air
poor a 1 bochd, comp bochda
2 uireasbhaidheach. By releasing them from problems of poor co-ordination in handwriting, le bhith gan saoradh o thrioblaidean ceangailte ri co-òrdanachadh uireasbhaidheach ann an làmh-sgrìobhadh
3 expressed with cion. The reason for poor voice production in talking is the pupil’s lack of clarity about what to say, ’s e as adhbhar do chion comas labhairt nach eil am pàiste soilleir mu dè their e
poppy n crom-lus m, gen crom-luis, pl crom-lusan
popular a expressed with fèill f air. This candidate is very popular, tha fèill mhòr air an tagraiche seo
population n 1 sluagh m, gen sluaigh. Half of the Gaelic-speaking population, dàrna leth sluagh na Gàidhlig. Population pyramid, pioramaid shluaigh
• àireamh-shluaigh f. Population explosion, meudachadh obann san àireamh-shluaigh
2 (ecological) àireamh f
population density n phr dùmhlachd-shluaigh f, pl dùmhlachdan-sluaigh
population distribution n phr sgaoileadh-sluaigh m, gen sgaoilidh-shluaigh. Even population distribution, sgaoileadh-sluaigh cothromach
porch n 1 sgàth-thaigh m, pl sgàth-thaighean, or sgàil-thaigh m, pl sgàil-thaighean
2 poirds m or f, pl poirdseachan
pore n pòr m, gen pòir, pl pòran
pork n muc-fheòil f
porosity n, porousness n, pòrasachd f
porous a pòrasach. Its porous structure was developed through the process of oxidation, tha structar pòrasach aige a thoradh air ogsaideachadh
porpoise n 1 pèileag f, gen pèileig, pl pèileagan
2 cana m, pl canaichean
port n 1 port m, gen & pl puirt. Deep water port, port uisge-dhomhain
2 baile-puirt m, pl bailtean-puirt
port-a-beul n port-à-beul m, gen & pl puirt-à-beul. Port-a-beul should share curricular space with Runrig, tha còir àite sa chlàr-theagaisg a thoirt an dà chuid do phuirt-à-beul agus do Runrig
portable a so-ghiùlan
portion n 1 earrann f, gen earrainn, pl earrannan
2 roinn f, gen roinne, pl roinnean
3 cuid f, gen codach, pl codaichean
portray v tr dealbhaich, vn dealbhachadh m. They will be encouraged to draw analogies between what a text is portraying and their own ideas, gheibh iad am misneachadh gu bhith a’ samhlachadh na tha teacsa a’ dealbhachadh ri an cuid bhun-bheachdan
Portugal pr n A’ Phortagail f, gen na Portagail
Portuguese pr n Portagaileach m, gen & pl Portagailich
2 (language) Portagailis f
position n 1 suidheachadh m, gen suidheachaidh, pl suidheachaidhean, suidhichidhean. Lighting and camera positions, solas agus suidhichidhean camara. The numbered points are the positions from which the drawings were made, ’s iad na puingean le àireamhan na suidheachaidhean bhon deach na dealbhan a dhèanamh. Treat all applicants for any position involving contact with children in the same way, dèilig ri tagraichean gu lèir airson suidheachadh sam bith co-cheangailte ri cloinn anns an aon dòigh
2 beachd m, pl beachdan. To identify the particular positions being taken by speakers or texts, gus aithne chur air na beachdan sònraichte aig luchd-labhairt no aig teacsaichean
3 àite m, pl àiteachan. Position fixing, a’ comharrachadh àite
position v tr suidhich, vn suidheachadh. Position the tube clamp so that the flow wheel is at the wide end, suidhich an glamaire tiuba gus gum bi a’ chuibhle shruthaidh aig a’ cheann leathan
positive a 1 fallain. To develop in all pupils a range of positive attitudes, caochladh bheachdan fallain àrach anns a’ chloinn air fad
2 neartmhor. A positive attitude to multi-language use, spiorad neartmhor a thaobh ioma-chànanais. The development of a range of positive attitudes and opportunities for personal development, fàs ga thoirt air caochladh bheachdan neartmhor agus air cothroman fàis phearsanta
3 deimhinneach. Assessment should assist in building a positive relationship between teacher and pupil, tha còir aig measadh a bhith a’ cuideachadh ann a bhith a’ togail dàimh dheimhinnich eadar an tidsear agus am pàiste
4 (a) taiceil
(b) expressed with gu taiceil. Those which make a positive contribution to the pupil’s learning, an fheadhainn a tha a’ cur gu taiceil ri ionnsachadh a’ phàiste
(c) expressed with ann an dòigh thaiceil. Teachers should give positive feedback, is còir do thidsearan a bhith a’ freagairt ann an dòigh thaiceil
positive area n phr (geography) ceàrnaidh m soirbheach, gen ceàrnaidh shoirbhich, pl ceàrnaidhean soirbheach
positive degree (of adjective) n phr bun-ìre f. Often in the bard’s dialect it is an adjective in the comparative degree which follows the adverb “cho”, and not one in the positive degree, gu tric ann an dualchainnt a’ bhàird ’s e buadhair anns an ìre choimeasaich a leanas an roimhear “cho”, agus chan e fear anns a’ bhun-ìre
positive effect n phr expressed with fìor fheumail. The teacher will point out the positive effects of careful layout and presentation, bidh an tidsear a’ cur an cèill cho fìor fheumail ’s a tha cruth is foillseachadh cùramach
positively adv 1 (a) gu taiceil. Assessment procedures should be planned as part of the teaching and learning processes and should contribute positively them, tha còir dòighean-measaidh air cànain a dheilbh mar phàirt de chùisean teagaisg agus ionnsachaidh agus tha còir aca a bhith a’ cur riutha sin gu taiceil
(b) gu taiceil, seasmhach. The school will respond positively to these very different pupil backgrounds, bidh an sgoil a’ gabhail gu taiceil, seasmhach ris na seòrsachan àrainneachd chloinne seo a tha cho fìor eadar-dhealaichte
2 gu deimhinneach. Staff will not label a child as naughty and will reward acceptable behaviour positively, cha bhi luchd-obrach a’ comharrachadh neach-cloinne mar mhì-mhodhail agus thèid deagh-ghiùlan a dhuaiseachadh gu deimhinneach
3 expressed with dèantanach a. At all times pupils’ interaction and development should be positively fostered, tha còir daonnan àrach dèantanach a dhèanamh air leasachadh na cloinne agus mar a tha iad a’ buntainn ri cach a-chèile
possess v tr 1 expressed with bi aig. They will retain strong rhythms which no prose text is likely to possess, bi ruitheam làidir annta fhathast nach bi e coltach a bhith aig teacsa sam bith ann an rosg
2 expressed with de fhèin. Some may already possess good general alertness, faodaidh cuid a bhith gu math beòthail dhiubh fhèin
3 expressed with comas an. Possessing Gaelic gives an entry to different forms of employment, tha comas sa Ghàidhlig a’ toirt cothroim air obair de chaochladh sheòrsachan
possession n sealbh m, gen seilbh (of, air). He got possession of the land, fhuair e sealbh air an fhearann
possessions n 1 stòras m, gen stòrais. Pupils will understand statements and questions about money, work and possessions, bidh a’ chlann a’ tuigsinn ràdhan agus ceistean mu airgead, obair agus stòras
2 rudan a bhuineas do neach. Understand questions about possessions, ceistean a thuigsinn mu rudan a bhuineas do neach
possessive a seilbheach. Possessive adjective, buadhair seilbheach. Possessive pronoun, riochdair seilbheach
possessor n sealbhadair m, pl sealbhadairean
possibility n 1 cothrom m, gen cothroim, pl cothroman. The possibilities for group discussion and the engagement with problems in work of this kind are inexhaustible, chan eil ceann no crìoch air a’ chothrom a tha ann an obair den t-seòrsa seo gu bhith a’ beachdachadh ann am buidhnean agus gu bhith a’ gleachd ri ceistean duilich
2 expressed with gabh v. If this is a possibility, ma ghabhas seo dèanamh
possible a 1 expressed with gabh v. They cannot identify all the possible approaches to be followed, chan eil rian aca air a h-uile dòigh obrach a ghabhas fheuchainn a chomharrachadh. The effects possible with present and past tense narration, na buaidhean a ghabhas a chruthachadh le seanchas anns an tràth làthaireil no chaithte
2 expressed with dh’fhaodadh. The messenger has to take more account of the possible reactions of the listeners, feumaidh an teachdaire barrachd aire a thoirt do mar a dh’fhaodadh an luchd-èisteachd gabhail ris an teachdaireachd
3 expressed with far am faodadh … a bhith. After drafting, pupils can mark possible errors, an dèidh dha dreachdadh a dhèanamh faodaidh am pàiste comharraidhean a chur far am faodadh mearachdan a bhith
4 expressed with a dh’fhaodadh a bhith ann. They may observe listening behaviour in order to detect a possible listening impairment, faodaidh iad coimhead air giùlan ann an èisteachd gus ròs fhaighinn air uireasbhaidh claisneachd a dh’fhaodadh a bhith ann
5 expressed with a dh’fhaodar fheuchainn. Some possible learning and teaching activities, cuid de ghnìomhan ionnsachaidh agus teagaisg a dh’fhaodar fheuchainn
6 expressed with a dh’fhaodar a ghabhail os làimh. Even this brief list demonstrates the range and variety of activities possible within the study of mass media, tha eadhan an liosta goirid seo fhèin a’ nochdadh na bheil ann de chaochladh sheòrsachan obrach a dh’fhaodar a ghabhail os làimh ann a bhith a’ beachdachadh air na mòrmheadhain
7 expressed with rian air, It is not possible or desirable to assess all of a class’s activities in language all of the time, chan eil rian air, ’s cha mhotha tha iarraidh air, gum biodhte a’ measadh uile ghnìomhan clas ann an cànain fad na h-ùine
8 expressed with bi plus cothrom aig air. The means of assessment listed below illustrate possible approaches available to the teacher, tha na modhan measaidh a tha air an cur sìos gu h-ìosal mar eisimpleir air cuid de dhòighean air a bheil cothrom aig an tidsear
as fully as possible, expressed with a h-uile. To enable pupils to participate as fully as possible, gus a h-uile cothrom a thoirt do chloinn a bhith a’ gabhail pàirt
as much … as possible, na ghabhas a bhith de …. Ensure that all pupils hear as much Gaelic as possible, a bhith cinnteach gu bheil a’ chlann a’ cluinntinn na ghabhas a bhith de Ghàidhlig
as possible adv phr ’s a ghabhas. From as early an age as possible, cho tràth ’s a ghabhas nam beatha. Teachers will ensure that pupils acquire fluency as quickly as possible, bidh tidsearan a’ dèanamh cinnteach gu bheil a’ chlann a’ tighinn gu fileantachd cho luath ’s a ghabhas
if possible, 1 ma ghabhas e dèanamh
2 ma ghabhas sin a dhèanamh. Making use, if possible, of radio and television, a’ cleachdadh, ma ghabhas sin a dhèanamh, rèidio agus telebhisean
where possible, far an gabh a dhèanamh. To record pupils’ performances on tape, where possible, will be an advantage, far an gabh a dhèanamh, bidh e feumail obair na cloinne a chlàradh air teip
wherever possible, cho fada ’s a ghabhas
post n post m, gen & pl puist
post box n phr bogsa m postaidh, gen bogsa phostaidh, pl bogsaichean postaidh; bogsa-puist m, gen bogsa-phuist, pl bogsaichean-puist. His job is to collect the letters from the post boxes, ’s e obair-san na litrichean a thogail às na bogsaichean-puist
post office n phr oifis m puist, pl oifisean puist
post v tr post, vn postadh m. The postmark is stamped onto the envelope in the town where the letter is posted, thèid an comharradh-postachd a stampadh air a’ chèis anns a’ bhaile san tèid an litir a phostadh
postal a puist. Postal rate, cosgais puist
post-aspiration n iar-analachadh m, gen iar-analachaidh
postcard n cairt-phuist f, pl cairtean-puist
poster n 1 sanasair m, pl sanasairean. Attractive displays of posters, taisbeanaidhean tarraingeach de shanasairean
2 postair m, pl postairean
postmark n comharradh-postachd m, gen comharraidh-phostachd, pl comharraidhean-postachd. The postmark is stamped onto the envelope in the town where the letter is posted, thèid an comharradh-postachd a stampadh air a’ chèis anns a’ bhaile san tèid an litir a phostadh
postscript n eàrr-sgrìobhadh m, gen eàrr-sgrìobhaidh, pl eàrr-sgrìobhaidhean
posture n altachadh m, gen altachaidh, pl altachaidhean. Body posture, altachadh cuirp
potash n potais f
potato n buntàta m
blighted potato n phr buntàta m gaisidh
potato blight n phr 1 gaiseadh m, gen gaisidh
2 cnàmh m
potato masher n phr plocan m, gen & pl plocain
potential a taisgte. Potential energy, lùth taisgte
potential n expressed with faodaidh a thoirt gu ìre. For its economic potential, air sgàth na dh’fhaodas i a thoirt gu ìre ann an cùisean eacanomaigeach. All children will be respected and their individuality and potential recognised, valued and nurtured, bheirear urram do gach aon neach-cloinne; bheirear àite dligheach da pearsantachd air leth agus do na dh’fhaodas i a thoirt gu ìre, agus thèid na feartan seo àrach is thèid luach a chur orra
potentiality n expressed with na dh’fhaodar a dhèanamh le. There should be a sense of the future and its potentialities, bu chòir mothachadh a bhith air na tha ri thighinn agus air na dh’fhaodar a dhèanamh leis
pothole n 1 (cave) uamh f, gen uaimhe, pl uamhan
2 (in river bed) toll m creige, gen & pl tuill chreige
3 (in road) toll m, gen & pl tuill
potter n crèadhadair m, pl crèadhadairean
potter’s wheel n phr cuairteag f chrèadhadair
poultry n
poultry mod chearc
poultry farm n phr tuathanas m chearc, gen tuathanais chearc, pl tuathanais chearc, tuathanasan chearc. Eggs laid by hens kept on poultry farms, uighean air am breith le cearcan air an cumail air tuathanais chearc
pound n nota f, pl notaichean. Pounds and pence, notaichean agus sgillinnean
pound v tr pronn, vn pronnadh m
pour v tr 1 taom, vn taomadh m
2 (of rain) expressed with bi plus dòrtadh m ann. It is pouring, tha dòrtadh ann
pout n (Trisopterus luscus) an t-iasg m beag, gen an èisg bhig
poverty n bochdainn f
powder n fùdar m, gen fùdair
powdery a fùdarach
power n 1 cumhachd f, pl cumhachdan. Nuclear power, cumhachd niuclasach
2 buadh f, pl buadhan. Not least to develop critical faculties and powers of discrimination, gu h-àraidh gus buadhan breithneachaidh a thoirt air adhart
power station n phr stèisean m cumhachd, gen stèisein chumhachd, pl stèiseanan cumhachd. The cooling towers of a power station, na tùir fhuarachaidh aig stèisean cumhachd
powerful a cumhachdach. Stories, songs and legends, powerful oral bases of the culture, sgeulachdan, òrain is uirsgeulan, beul-aithris chumhachdach a tha aig bonn ’s aig bunait an dualchais
practical n 1 gnìomhach. Write briefly for a simple practical purpose, a’ sgrìobhadh gu geàrr airson adhbhair ghnìomhaich shìmplidh. For a variety of practical purposes, airson caochladh adhbhar gnìomhach. Through practical activity in a real situation, tro obair ghnìomhaich ann an suidheachadh da-rìreabh
2 prataigeach. Pupils will undertake practical activities, bidh a’ chlann a’ gabhail os làimh gnìomhan prataigeach. Some of this information will have practical purposes, bidh adhbhair phrataigeach aig cuid den fhiosrachadh seo
3 expressed with nithean m pl prataigeach. The emphasis should be practical, tha còir cudthrom a chur air nithean prataigeach
practice n 1 (a) dòighean f pl obrach. While there is unlikely to be a radical departure from existing practice, ged nach eil dùil gum bi na dòighean-obrach a tha a’ dol an ceartuair gan atharrachadh gu tur. The Programmes of Study are designed to assist schools in reviewing their practices, tha na clàran oideachaidh air an cur ri chèile gus cuideachadh le sgoiltean ann a bhith a’ breithneachadh air na dòighean obrach aca. In best practice today, however, teachers encourage pupils through stimulating contexts, leis na dòighean-teagaisg as fheàrr a tha a’ dol an-diugh, ge-tà, ’s ann a tha tidsearan a’ misneachadh cloinne le suidhichidhean beothail
(b) expressed with dòigh f. The nature of that offered knowledge has also changed in recent practice, o chionn goirid tha caochladh air a thighinn air an dòigh anns a bheilear a’ tairgse an eòlais sin
(c) expressed with dòighean f pl teagaisg. Review of good practice, sgrùdadh air dòighean teagaisg fhìor mhath
2 (a) obair f, gen obrach. In the day-to-day practice of the classroom, ann an obair làitheil an ruim-theagaisg. Models of correct practice can provide pupil reference, faodaidh eisimpleirean de dh’obair cheart a bhith nam fiosrachadh don chloinn
(b) obrachadh m, gen obrachaidh. Code of practice, riaghailt-obrachaidh
3 cleachdadh m, gen cleachdaidh. It should feature a lot of encouragement and modelling of good practice, bu chòir mòran misneachaidh agus eisimpleirean de chleachdadh dòigheil a bhith mar phàirt dheth sin. Note making will become a regular practice, thig gabhail notaichean gu bhith na chleachdadh cunbhalach. Development of these skills will benefit from practice and discussion, bidh cleachdadh agus beachdachadh buannachdail gus fàs a thoirt air na sgilean seo
4 cothrom m, gen cothroim. They will have regular practice in listening to their classmates’ news, bidh cothrom cunbhalach aca air a bhith ag èisteachd ri naidheachdan an co-aoisean
5 expressed with bi a’ dol. Practice in Gaelic medium schools varies, tha caochladh dhòighean a’ dol anns na sgoiltean Gàidhlig
6 expressed with tro prep. Practice in sequencing and prediction with such texts will lead pupils to familiarity with their various structures, tro bhith a’ cur theacsaichean den t-seòrsa seo an òrdugh agus a’ fàisneachd mun deidhinn bidh a’ chlann air an toirt gu eòlas air gach seòrsa cumaidh a tha orra
7 expressed with bi an sàs anns an obair. But with regular practice, ach le bhith an sàs anns an obair gu cunbhalach
8 not expressed. Additional practice in reading and writing, barrachd leughaidh agus sgrìobhaidh. The teacher will not be abandoning existing plans and practice, cha bhi an tidsear a’ leigeil nam planaichean a tha ann a-cheana an dàrna taobh
code of practice n phr riaghailt-obrachaidh f
good practice n phr 1 dòighean f pl (teagaisg) fìor mhath
2 obair f. Based on existing good practice, air a stèidheachadh air obair mhaith a tha a’ dol cheana. Extensions to current practice, leudachadh air an obair a tha a’ dol an ceartuair
3 deagh ghnìomhachadh m. In evaluating these policies in relation to accepted good practice, ann a bhith a’ tomhas nam poileasaidhean sin an co-bhonn ri deagh ghnìomhachadh mar a mheasar sin
4 (a) deagh chleachdadh m
(b) cleachdadh m dòigheil. It should feature a lot of encouragement and modelling of good practice, bu chòir mòran misneachaidh agus eisimpleirean de chleachdadh dòigheil a bhith mar phàirt dheth sin
in practice adv phr 1 da-rìreabh. They are separable for educational purposes and are regularly separated in practice, gabhaidh iad sgaradh air sgàth foghlaim agus bithear da-rìreabh gan sgaradh gu cunbhalach
2 not expressed. Many pupils should in practice achieve much more, tha còir gun coileanadh mòran chloinne cus a bharrachd
put into practice v phr cuir an gnìomh, vn cur an gnìomh. We recommend that each of our groups put into practice the following policy on health and safety, tha sinn a’ moladh gun cuir gach aon der buidhnean an gnìomh am poileasaidh a leanas air slàinte is sàbhailteachd
practise v tr 1 cuir an cèill, vn cur an cèill. Pupils experience varieties of speech and writing, and are given scope to practise them, tha clann a’ faighinn eòlais air caochladh sheòrsachan labhairt agus sgrìobhaidh, agus tha cothrom aca iad seo a chur an cèill
2 faigh eòlas air, vn faighinn eòlais air. In which pupils will practise using the language in semi-structured contexts, anns am bi a’ chlann a’ faighinn eòlais air a bhith a’ cleachdadh na cànain ann an suidhichidhean car stèidhichte
3 not expressed. Pupils will practise their conversation in pairs, bidh a’ chlann a’ còmhradh nan càraidean
practioner n
general practioner, GP n phr 1 dotair-teaghlaich m, gen dotair-theaghlaich, pl dotairean-teaghlaich. The local GP should be contacted and arrangements made to discuss her/his attendance in an emergency, is còir fios a leigeil air dotair-teaghlaich na sgìre agus rian a chur air dòigh gus beachdachadh air mar a bhitheas i/e a’ frithealadh ann an suidheachadh-èiginn
pragmatically (gram) a pragmataigeach
pragmatics (gram) n pragmataics m
praise n 1 moladh m, gen molaidh
2 expressed with moladh m ga dhèanamh. Praise of attempts, however limited, moladh ga dhèanamh air oidhirpean, beag ’s gum bi iad
3 expressed with faclan m pl molaidh. The teacher will promote confidence by reassurance and praise, bidh an tidsear a’ daingneachadh misnich le faclan comhfhartachd agus molaidh
praiseworthy a ri moladh. All attempts at using Gaelic in the initial stages are praiseworthy, tha gach aon oidhirp a nithear air a bhith a’ cleachdadh na Gàidhlig aig toiseach cùise ri a moladh
prawn n 1 giomach-ruadh m, gen giomaich-ruaidh, pl giomaich-ruadha
2 muasgan-caol m, gen muasgain-chaoil, pl muasgain-chaola
pre-aspiration n ro-analachadh m, gen ro-analachaidh
precaution n earalas m, gen earalais. Normal safety precautions, earalas àbhaisteach a thaobh sàbhailteachd
precede v tr expressed with bi plus ann plus mus. The assumption was that use needed to be preceded by knowledge, bha am beachd a’ dol gum feumadh eòlas a bhith ann mus bitheadh an cleachdadh ann
precipice n 1 (a)creag f, gen creige, pl creagan
(b) cas-chreag f, gen cas-chreige, pl cas-chreagan
2 (a) bearradh m, gen bearraidh, pl bearraidhean
(b) cas-bhearradh m, gen cas-bhearraidh, pl cas-bhearraidhean
precipitation n 1 (chemistry) deasgadh m, gen deasgaidh
2 (a) sileadh m, gen silidh. Annual precipitation, sileadh bliadhnail
(b) sileadh m shìontan, gen silidh shìontan. Measuring precipitation, a’ tomhas sileadh shìontan
précis n geàrr-chunntas m, gen geàrr-chunntais, pl geàrr-chunntasan
precise a mionaideach
precision n mionaideachd f
2 expressed with a bhith mionaideach. It is important that pupils learn precision in its conventions, tha e cudthromach gun ionnsaich a’ chlann a bhith mionaideach anns na cleachdaidhean a bhuineas dha
pre-clearance a a bhuineas do dh’àm ro na fuadaichean. The sites of the old houses both prehistoric and pre-clearance also support a variety of plant species, cuideachd far a bheil làraichean nan seann-taighean, an dà chuid an fheadhainn roi-eachdraidheil agus an fheadhainn a bhuineas do dh’àm ro na fuadaichean, gheibhear caochladh sheòrsaichean de ghnèithean lusraich
precocious a luathaireach
precursor n expressed with mun tèid … an sàs an. Role-play and improvisation are immensely valuable as precursors to researching and writing about characters, tha fìor luach mòr ann a bhith a’ dol an riochd eile, le ullachadh no às aonais, mun tèid iad an sàs ann an rannsachadh agus ann an sgrìobhadh mu phearsachan
predator n sealgair m, pl sealgairean
pre-decimal a expressed with ro dheicheachadh. The term “gròt” was commonly used for fourpence (in pre-decimal currency), bhathar a’ cleachdadh a’ bhriathair “gròt” airson ceithir sgillingean (anns an airgead ro dheicheachadh)
predicament n càs m, gen càis, pl càsan
predicate n aisneis f, pl aisneisean
predicative a aisneiseach. Predicative verb, gnìomhair aisneiseach
predict v tr 1 dèan fàisneachd air, vn dèanamh m fàisneachd air. Pupils will listen to messages or narratives in order to predict at various stages likely outcomes, bidh a’ chlann ag èisteachd ri teachdaireachdan no ri cunntasan gus fàisneachd a dhèanamh air na bhitheas dùil ris mar thoradh orra aig ìrean eadar-dhealaichte. Teachers should ask pupils to predict what happens next, is còir do thidsearan iarraidh air a’ chloinn fàisneachd a dhèanamh air an ath rud a thachras
2 bi ri fàisneachd. Pupils will be given chances to predict, and recall sequence, gheibh a’ chlann cothrom air a bhith ri fàisneachd, ’s a bhith a’ cuimhneachadh air òrdugh. Occasions when the teacher is developing pupils’ ability to predict on listening to information, amannan a bhitheas an tidsear a’ toirt gu buil comas na cloinne air a bhith ri fàisneachd an dèidh èisteachd ri fiosrachadh
predictable a ro-innseach
prediction n 1 fàisneachd f. Techniques such as sequencing and prediction, dòighean obrach mar tha cur an òrdugh agus fàisneachd. Teachers will encourage prediction, bidh tidsearan a’ misneachadh fàisneachd. Pupils will discuss conflicts, inter-relationships, and make predictions about them, bidh a’ chlann a’ beachdachadh air strì, eadar-dhàimh, agus bidh iad a’ dèanamh fàisneachd mun timcheall
2 expressed with bi a’ fàisneachd. Pupils will use previous experience of reading to make predictions, cleachdaidh a’ chlann an t-eòlas a tha aca cheana air leughadh gu bhith a’ fàisneachd. Practice in sequencing and prediction with such texts, tro bhith a’ cur theacsaichean den t-seòrsa seo an òrdugh agus a’ fàisneachd mun deidhinn
3 expressed with cuir air mhanadh, vn cur air mhanadh. Make predictions, a’ cur air mhanadh
predominant a 1 prìomh. Gaelic should be the predominant teaching medium, ’s i a’ ghàidhlig a bu chòir a bhith na prìomh mheadhan teagaisg
2 expressed with as cumanta. The predominant vegetation on the slopes and hills, an lusrach as cumanta air na sliosan agus air na mill
predominantly adv 1 anns a’ mhòr-earrainn. It is now spoken predominantly by …, tha i a-nis air a labhairt anns a’ mhòr-earrainn le …
2 gu seachd àraidh. The culture must be set predominantly within the contemporary world, feumar an dualchas a shuidheachadh gu seachd àraidh anns an t-saoghal a tha ann an diugh
3 expressed with a’ toirt bàrr. Gaelic speaking children whose competence in the language may diminish in a predominantly English-speaking environment, clann aig a bheil a’ Ghàidhlig ach a dh’fhaodas an comas a dhol air ais ann an àrainneachd anns a bheil a’ Bheurla a’ toirt bàrr
preface n ro-ràdh m, gen ro-ràidh, pl ro-ràdhan
prefer v tr is fheàrr le. I prefer tea to coffee, is fheàrr leam teatha na cofaidh
preferred a 1 as fheàrr le (daoine)
2 as roghnaiche le (daoine). More rectangular structures were being built, and these became the preferred style of house, bha structaran eile na bu cheart-cheàrnaiche gan togail, agus thànaig iad seo gu bhith nan seòrsa taighe a bu roghnaiche le daoine
preference n 1 roghainn f, pl roghainnean. To express opinions and preferences, gu bhith a’ cur an cèill bheachdan agus roghainnean. Pupil tastes and choice will be developed by being encouraged to justify preferences and choices, gheibh roghainnean agus taghadh chloinne cothrom fàis le bhith air am misneachadh gu roghainnean agus taghaidhean a dhearbhadh
2 nì m as docha le, pl nithean as docha le. Teachers should lead pupils to express preferences, tha còir aig na tidsearan a bhith a’ stiùireadh na cloinne gu bhith a’ cur an cèill nan nithean as docha leotha
3 nì m as fheàrr le, pl nithean as fheàrr le.. Understand statements about preferences, ràdhan a thuigsinn mu rudan as fheàrr le neach
4 fear f, or tè f as fheàrr le, pl feadhainn f as fheàrr le. Groups can discuss preferences and reasons for them, faodaidh buidhnean beachdachadh air an fheadhainn as fheàrr leotha, agus carson
5 expressed with nì m ion-mhiannaichte, pl nithean ion-mhiannaichte. Pupils will be able to understand a number of expressions of feelings, opinions and preferences, thèid aig a’ chloinn air àireamh fhaireachdainnean, bharailean agus nithean ion-mhiannaichte a thuigsinn
prefix n ro-leasachan m, gen & pl ro-leasachain. Feminine prefix, ro-leasachan boireann. Inseparable prefix, ro-leasachan do-sgaraichte. Negative prefix, ro-leasachan àicheil. Prefix and suffix will be used in discussion which centres on individual words, cleachdar ro-leasachan agus iar-leasachan ann am beachdachadh air faclan fa leth
prefix v tr cuir mar ro-leasachan ri, vn cur mar ro-leasachan ri
prefixed a 1 air a chur mar ro-leasachan ri
2 ro-shuidhichte. The prefixed “d-” occurs in the conditional forms of this verb, gheibhear an “d-” ro-shuidhichte anns na riochdan cumhach den ghnìomhair seo
pregnant a trom, comp truime. All should be aware of the danger of exposure of pregnant women to rubella, is còir do na h-uile a bhith mothachail air a chunnart a tha ann am boireannaich throma a bhith an làthair rubella
prehistoric a roi-eachdraidheil a. Prehistoric settlement, tuineachadh roi-eachdraidheil. The sites of the old houses both prehistoric and pre-clearance also support a variety of plant species, cuideachd far a bheil làraichean nan seann-taighean, an dà chuid an fheadhainn roi-eachdraidheil agus an fheadhainn a bhuineas do dh’àm ro na fuadaichean, gheibhear caochladh sheòrsaichean de ghnèithean lusraich
prejudice n claon-bhàidh f. Activities and the use of play equipment offer children opportunities to develop in an environment free from prejudice and discrimination, tha gnìomhan-cluiche agus a bhith a’ cleachdadh stuth-chluiche a’ cur an tairgse cloinne chothroman air fàs ann an àrainneachd saor o chlaon-bhàidh agus o lethbhreith. The response to discriminatory behaviour will aim to help those responsible to understand and overcome their prejudices, ann a bhith a’ dèiligeadh ri gnìomhan lethbhreitheach bithear ag amas air a bhith a’ cuideachadh leis an fheadhainn a tha ciontach gus an cuid claon-bhàidh a thuigsinn agus a cheannsachadh
preliminary a 1 tòiseachail
2 tùs-. Preliminary draft, tùs-dhreachd
3 expressed with ro làimh adv. Without preliminary discussion, gun cho-bheachdachadh ro-làimh
premise n ro-stèidh f. A conclusion may be built up from a basic set of facts or premises, faodar oibreachadh a dh’ionnsaigh co-dhùnaidh bho fhiosrachadh no ro-stèidh bunaiteach
premises n pl (building) 1 togalach m, gen togalaich, pl togalaichean. They should ensure that a child never leaves the premises unaccompanied, is còir gun dèan iad cinnteach nach fhàg neach-cloinne an togalach uair sam bith gun inbheach cuide rithe/ris
2 aitreabh m, gen aitreibh. Staff should ensure that the premises are kept clean and well maintained, is còir do luchd-obrach a dhèanamh cinnteach gu bheil an t-aitreabh air a chumail glan agus air a dheagh chàradh
preparation n 1 deasachadh m, gen deasachaidh. Pupils will be helped to organise through preparation which will include research, cuidichear a’ chlann gu bhith a’ cur rian air sin le deasachadh a ghabhas a-staigh rannsachadh. Pupils will be encouraged to tell or re-tell stories as a preparation for writing, bithear a’ misneachadh na cloinne gu bhith ag aithris no ag ath-aithris stòiridhean mar dheasachadh airson sgrìobhaidh
2 deisealachadh m, gen deisealachaidh
3 ullachadh m, gen ullachaidh
preparatory adv expressed with ullaich ro làimh. The teacher will help pupils to benefit from these by preparatory briefing, bheir an tidsear cuideachadh don chloinn gus buannachd fhaotainn asta sin le bhith gan ullachadh ro làimh
prepare v tr 1 deasaich, vn deasachadh m. In preparing the guidance, ann a bhith a’ deasachadh an stiùiridh
2 deisealaich, vn deisealachadh m
3 ullaich, vn ullachadh. When preparing an individual talk, an uair a bhitheas iad ag ullachadh òraid aon-neach. Preparing and making class radio programmes, ag ullachadh agus a’ dèanamh prògraman rèidio clasa
4 expressed with thèid an sàs an. Pupils should learn that in preparing a talk they must bear in mind the purpose of the audience, tha còir aig a’ chloinn ionnsachadh an uair a tha iad a’ dol an sàs nan cuid obair-labhairt gum feum iad cuimhne a chumail air adhbhar an luchd-èisteachd
prepared a 1 deasaichte. Giving a prepared oral presentation, ag aithris òraid dheasaichte
2 air ullachadh. All food must be hygienically prepared and stored, feumaidh am biadh air fad a bhith air ullachadh agus air a stòradh gu slàinteachail
preposition n roimhear m, gen roimheir, pl roimhearan. Augmented preposition, roimhear leasaichte. Complex preposition, roimhear iom-fhillte. Compound preposition, roimhear fillte. Simple preposition, roimhear sìmplidh. The preposition “dha” does not cause lention in this dialect, chan eil an roimhear “dha” a’ dèanamh sèimheachaidh anns an dualchainnt seo
prepositional a roimhearach. Prepositional phrase, abairt roimhearach. Prepositional relative, dàimheach roimhearach
prepositional pronoun n phr (a) roi-riochdair m, pl roi-riochdairean. Many of the prepositional pronouns are quite different in this dialect, tha cuid mhòr de na roi-riochdairean gu math eadar-dhealaichte san dualchainnt seo
(b) riochdair roimhearach, gen riochdair roimhearaich, pl riochdairean roimhearach
(c) roimhear m riochdaireil, gen roimheir riochdaireil, pl roimhearan riochdaireil
pre-reading a ro-leughaidh. Pupils will be involved in pre-reading activities, bidh a’ chlann an sàs ann an gnìomhan ro-leughaidh
pre-school n 1 ro-sgoil f, gen ro-sgoile, pl ro-sgoiltean. We aim to ensure that all who wish to work in our pre-school have an equal chance to do so, tha e mar amas dhuinn a dhèanamh cinnteach gu bheil aig na h-uile leis am miann a bhith ag obair nar ro-sgoil cothrom co-ionann sin a dhèanamh. For a description of this system see the admissions policy of the pre-school, airson tuairisgeil air an t-siostam seo faic poileasaidh tighinn a-steach na ro-sgoile
pre-school a 1 ro-sgoile. A pre-school group, buidheann ro-sgoile
2 expressed with ron sgoil. In the pre-school years, anns na bliadhnachan ron sgoil
prescribe v tr
prescribed a òrdaichte
prescriptive a òrdachail. Prescriptive grammar, gràmar òrdachail. This list is descriptive and not prescriptive, ’s ann tuairisgeulach agus chan ann òrdachail a tha an liosta seo. This is the form of the verbal noun in the dialect, and not what one would expect from prescriptive grammar, ’s e seo an riochd a tha air an ainmear ghnìomhaireach anns an dualchainnt, chan e am fear ris am bite an dùil a-rèir gràmair òrdachail
presence n 1 làthaireachd
2 expressed with a bhith ann. Its presence enhances the safety of the water, tha e bhith ann a’ cur ri sàbhailteachd an uisge
present a 1 làthaireach. Present tense, tràth làthaireach
2 expressed with a tha ann. Simple descriptions of people, things and places, past and present, iomraidhean sìmplidh mu dhaoine, mu nithean agus mu àiteachan, a bha ’s a tha ann
3 expressed with seo. The present guidelines give scope for this form of organisation, tha an stiùireadh seo a’ toirt cothroim air a leithid seo de riaghladh
4 expressed with an-ceartuair adv. Rather than having the gap exposed between their present attainments and some ideal level of performance, ’s chan ann a’ foillseachadh na beàrna eadar na thèid aca air a dhèanamh an-ceartuair agus ìre choileanaidh air choireigin as àirde tha ri fhaotainn. A faint circle of stones to the north suggests this building was converted to its present shape from an earlier roundhouse, chithear cearcall blian de chlachan gu tuath, rud a dh’fhaodadh sealltainn gun deach an togalach seo atharrachadh don chumadh a tha aige an ceartuair bho thaigh-cruinn a bha ann aig àm na bu tràithe
present day n phr an diugh. The land has remained under sheep to the present day, tha an talamh fhathast fo chaoraich an diugh
present day mod phr an latha an diugh. An introduction to and awareness of the present day Gaelic cultural background, aithne agus mothachadh air cultar Gàidhlig an latha an diugh
present tense n phr tràth làthaireach
present tense a phr anns an tràth làthaireach. The effects possible with present and past tense narration, na buaidhean a ghabhas a chruthachadh le seanchas anns an tràth làthaireach no chaithte
presently adv 1 a dh’aithghearr
2 an-ceartuair
3 an-dràsta. These new channels will be received through the presently existing transmitters, gheibhear na sianalan ùra seo tro na croinn-sgaoilidh a tha againn an-dràsta
present v tr 1 cuir an cèill, vn cur an cèill. Presenting ideas, a’ cur bhun-bheachdan an cèill. Ways in which the text presents its knowledge, dòighean anns a bheil an teacsa a’ cur a chuid eòlais an cèill. To present, share, clarify and reflect on ideas, gus smaointean a chur an cèill, a cho-phàirteachadh ’s a shoilleireachadh, agus gus cnuasachadh orra. Pupils will be helped to adjust reading approaches to the different ways information is presented, cuidichear a’ chlann gu bhith ag atharrachadh dhòighean-leughaidh a rèir dhòighean eadar-dhealaichte anns a bheil fiosrachadh ga chur an cèill
2 cuir mu choinneamh, vn cur mu choinneamh. So that pupils are presented with work, gus obair a chur mu choinneamh na cloinne
3 cuir fa chomhair, vn cur fa chomhair. Learning contexts should present pupils with interesting tasks and stimuli, tha còir aig suidhichidhean ionnsachaidh gnìomhan agus brosnachaidhean tarraingeach a chur fa chomhair na cloinne
4 cuir fa chomhair dhaoine, vn cur fa chomhair dhaoine. Television presents views of the world which are determined by non-Gaelic concerns, tha an telebhisean a’ cur fa chomhair dhaoine seallaidhean den t-saoghal a tha air am bonntachadh air nithean nach buin don Ghàidhlig
5 taisbean, vn taisbeanadh m. The teacher will take time to ensure that pupils lay out and present their writing in a neat form, cuiridh an tidsear ùine seachad a’ dèanamh cinnteach gu bheil a’ chlann a’ cur cruth air an cuid sgrìobhaidh agus ga thaisbeanadh ann an cumadh sgiobalta
6 expressed with faigh, vn faighinn f, plus cothrom an. Drama scripts present chances for dialect and colloquial forms, gheibhear cothrom ann an sgriobtaichean dràma air modhan dualchainnt agus mith-chainnt
presentation n 1 dreach m. They will pay careful attention to presentation, bidh iad a’ toirt deagh aire do dhreach
2 cruth m. Hand-writing and presentation, làmh-sgrìobhadh agus cruth
3 cumadh m, gen cumaidh. To develop appropriate presentation, gus cumadh iomchaidh a thoirt gu ìre
4 sealladh m, gen seallaidh. Giving attention to presentation and layout, le aire air sealladh agus dreach
5 taisbeanadh m, gen taisbeanaidh. Hand-writing and presentation, làmh-sgrìobhadh agus taisbeanadh. In selection of content and style of presentation, ann an taghadh susbaint agus ann am modh taisbeanaidh. The pupil should be taught to give increasing priority to technical features and presentation of the text, tha còir gun treòirichear am pàiste gus am barrachd ’s am barrachd àite a thoirt do nithean teicnigeach agus do thaisbeanadh an teacsa. Pupils will use audio-visual formats of presentation, bidh a’ chlann a’ cleachdadh modhan-taisbeanaidh lèir-chlaistinneach
6 iomradh m, gen iomraidh, pl iomraidhean. Giving reports or presentations to other classes, a’ toirt aithisgean no iomraidhean do chlasaichean eile
7 cur-an-cèill m. They should learn to take some account of register, presentation, tha còir aca aire air choireigin a thoirt air gnè, cur-an-cèill
8 foillseachadh m, gen foillseachaidh. The positive effects of careful layout and presentation, cho fìor fheumail ’s a tha cruth is foillseachadh cùramach, mac-meanmnach. In providing formats for attractive presentation, ann a bhith a’ toirt cothroim air dòighean-foillseachaidh sealltanach
9 expressed with cuir fa chomhair dhaoine, vn cur m fa chomhair dhaoine. Pupils will give individual presentations to stimulate interest and command the attention of the audience, bidh a’ chlann gan cur fhèin, mar aon, fa chomhair dhaoine gus ùidh agus aire luchd-amais a thogail agus a chumail
10 expressed with mar a chuirear … an cèill. Layout will be used in examining how the presentation of text can influence meaning, cleachdar dreach ann am beachdachadh air a’ bhuaidh a bhitheas aig mar a chuirear teacsa an cèill air brìgh
11 expressed with a’ cur an cèill. In considering performance (the presentation of the message in talk or writing), ann a bhith a’ gabhail beachd air coileanadh (a’ cur na teachdaireachd an cèill ann an cainnt-bheòil no ann an sgrìobhadh)
oral presentation n phr òraid f. Giving a prepared oral presentation, ag aithris òraid dheasaichte
presentational a 1 taisbeanaidh. Pupils will explore a variety of presentational formats, bidh a’ chlann a’ rannsachadh caochladh dhòighean taisbeanaidh. Its use can free pupils from the effort of concentrating on their presentational skills, faodaidh a bhith ga chleachdadh saorsa a thoirt do chloinn on t-saothair a tha iad a’ dèanamh le bhith a’ bualadh air na sgilean taisbeanaidh
2 expressed with cuir fhèin an cèill v phr. Helps pupils to extend their repertoire of presentational styles, gus a’ chlann a chuideachadh gus leudachadh air na dòighean a tha aca air iad fhèin a chur an cèill
preservation n glèidheadh m, gen glèidhidh. Perhaps it was the songs he himself regarded as most worthy of preservation that the bard dictated through that summer, dh’fhaodadh gur e na h-òrain a b’ airidh mheas e fhèin air glèidheadh a dheachd am bàrd tron t-samhradh ud
preservative n cung-ghlèidhidh f, gen cuing-glèidhidh, pl cungan-glèidhidh
preserve v tr 1 glèidh, vn glèidheadh m. To protect the crops and to preserve the grazing the animals were moved to summer pastures, gus am bàrr a dhìon agus gus an talamh-ionaltraidh a ghlèidheadh bha na beathaichean air an gluasad gu àirighean san t-samhradh
2 (cure) grèidh, vn grèidheadh
preserved a air a ghlèidheadh. The better preserved of these two roundhouses is to the east, ’s e am fear a tha gun ear as fheàrr a tha air a ghlèidheadh den dà thaigh-chruinn seo
president n ceann-suidhe m, gen & pl cinn-shuidhe
press n (printing) beart-chlò f, gen beairt-clò, pl beartan-clò
press v tr brùth, vn bruthadh m. She pressed the button, bhrùth i am putan
press-up n sàthadh-suas m, gen sàthaidh-suas, pl sàthaidhnean-suas
pressure n 1 brùthadh m, gen brùthaidh, pl brùthaidhean. Air pressure, brùthadh an èadhair. Blood pressure, brùthadh fala. Water pressure, brùthadh uisge. Pressure filtration, obair-shìolaidh le brùthadh
2 cudthrom m, gen cudthroim, pl cudthroman. The parents had a lot of pressure on them lately, tha cudthrom mòr air a bhith air na pàrantan o chionn goirid. We will put pressure on the council to change their minds, leigidh sinn cudthrom air a’ chomhairle ach an atharraich iad am beachd
pressure group n phr buidheann-thagraidh f, gen buidhne-tagraidh, pl buidhnean-tagraidh. What can you do as a pressure-group agaibst the tolls? dè as urrainn dhuibh a dhèanamh mar bhuidhinn-tagraidh an aghaidh nan cìsean
pressurise v tr brùth, vn brùthadh m
presuppose v tr gabh ris, vn gabhail ris. These approaches to teaching and learning presuppose that …, tha na dòighean ionnsachaidh agus teagaisg seo a’ gabhail ris gu bheil …
presupposition n expressed with gabh ris v phr
pretend v tr leig ort, vn leigeil ort
preterite a 1 caithte
2 preitiriteach
pretty a 1 bòidheach, comp bòidhche
2 brèagha, comp brèaighe, brèagha. A pretty girl, caileag brèagha
prevail v i
prevailing a gnàth-. The prevailing wind, a’ ghnàth-ghaoth
prevent v tr 1 cuir stad air, vn cur stad air. I prevented her from going, chuir mi stad oirre bho bhith a’ dol
2 cuir casg air, vn cur casg air. Your donation will help us prevent child abuse, cuidichidh ur tabhartas sinn gus casg a chur air droch-dhìol air cloinn. Hygiene measures adopted should be sufficient to prevent the spread of HIV, bu chòir gum bitheadh na dòighean-obrach slàinteachais a thèid a chur an gnìomh gu leòr gus casg a chur air HIV o bhith a’ sgaoileadh
3 not directly expressed. The advantage of the rigs was that by allowing drainage down the furrows they prevented the crops from being waterlogged, ’s e a’ bhuannachd a bha ann am feannagan leis mar a dh’fhaodadh an t-uisge ruith air falbh anns na claisean eatarra cha bhitheadh am bàrr air a bhàthadh
prevention n a bhith a’ cur casg air. Checks will include the prevention of children from leaving the premises unattended, am measg na thèid a dhearbhadh bithidh a bhith a’ cur casg air cloinn bho bhith a’ fàgail an togalaich gun inbheach còmhla riutha
preventive, preventative a bacaidh. If necessary preventative physical action may be taken to avoid the risk of injury to a child, ma bhitheas e riatanach faodar gnìomh corporra bacaidh a dhèanamh gus cunnart a sheachnadh gun tèid neach-cloinne a dhochann
preverbal a ro-ghnìomhaireach. Preverbal particle, mìrean ro-ghnìomhaireach
preview v tr expressed with ro làimh. Pupils can be given an opportunity to preview a text which will be read to them, faodar cothrom a thoirt don chloinn ro làimh air teacsa a bhithear a’ leughadh dhaibh
previous a 1 expressed with roimhe seo, ron seo adv phr. The work begun at the previous level, an obair air an deach tòiseachadh aig an ìre roimhe seo. A report written by three previous moderators, aithisg a chaidh a sgrìobhadh le triùir a bha ron seo nam moderàtor
2 expressed with ro làimh adv. Pupils will be asked to take account of the needs of the audience, in listening and in its previous knowledge of the content, iarrar air a’ chloinn feumalachdan an luchd-amais a ghabhail a-staigh, ann an èisteachd agus anns an eòlas a tha aca air an t-susbaint ro làimh
3 expressed with cheana adv. Pupils will use previous experience of reading, cleachdaidh a’ chlann an t-eòlas a tha aca cheana air leughadh
4 expressed with a bha ann roimhe. The plants growing here are taking advantage of the soils enriched by previous settlers, tha na lusan a tha a’ fàs an seo a’ gabhail cothroim air ùir a chaidh a mhathachadh leis an luchd-tuineachaidh a bha ann roimhe
previously adv roimhe seo. Teachers will introduce reading and writing to consolidate language previously learnt, bheir na tidsearan leughadh agus sgrìobhadh a-staigh gus a’ chànain a chaidh ionnsachadh roimhe seo a bhonntachadh
price n prìs f, pl prìsean. Price list, liosta phrìsean
prickle n bior m, gen biora, pl bioran
prickly a biorach, comp bioraiche
pride n 1 moit f. A sense of pride and confidence, moit agus misneach
2 àrdan m, gen àrdain
3 àilgheas m, gen àilghis, or àilleas m, gen àillis
priest n sagart m, gen sagairt, pl sagartan
high priest n phr àrd-shagart m, gen àrd-shagairt, pl àrd-shagartan
primacy n prìomh àite m. And having given primacy to Gaelic, agus am prìomh àite aig a’ Ghàidhlig thuige sin
primary a 1 prìomh preceding n. Primary sources, prìomh mhàthraichean, or prìomh bhunan. Primary industry, prìomh ghnìomhachas
2 bun-. Primary school, bun-sgoil. Primary industry, bun-ghnìomhachas
3 (a) bun-sgoile. The use of Gaelic in nursery, primary, secondary and tertiary education in Scotland, cleachdadh na Gàidhlig ann am foghlam ro-sgoile, bun-sgoile, àrd-sgoile agus colaiste ann an Alba
(b) sa bhunsgoil. Throughout the primary stages, fad nam bliadhnachan uile sa bhunsgoil. Through primary and early secondary education, tro fhoghlam sa bhunsgoil agus toiseach na h-àrdsgoile
primary industry n phr 1 prìomh ghnìomhachas m, gen & pl prìomh ghnìomhachais
2 bun-ghnìomhachas m, gen & pl bun-ghnìomhachais
primary school n phr bun-sgoil f, pl bun-sgoiltean. In the primary school in particular, gu sònraichte sa bhunsgoil. Bilingual primary schools, bunsgoiltean dà-chànanach
primate n prìomhaid f, pl prìomhaidean
prime n (typ) prìomh m, pl prìomhan
prime a
prime minister n phr prìomhaire m, pl prìomhairean. The prime minister had a rather peculiar text last night, ’s e ceann-teagaisg caran neònach a bha aig a’ phrìomhaire a-raoir
prime number n phr prìomh àireamh f, gen prìomh àireimh, pl prìomh àireamhan
prime v tr deasaich, vn deasachadh m. By priming pupils for the task, le bhith a’ deasachadh na cloinne airson na tha ri dhèanamh
priming a spreagaidh. The setting of a priming question may help the pupil to express understanding, faodaidh ceist spreagaidh am pàiste a chuideachadh gus tuigse a chur an cèill
primitive a 1 prìomhadail
2 primideach, comp primidich. Small enclosures were made to grow oats and a primitive kind of barley called bere, chaidh àiteachan-iadhaidh beaga a dhèanamh anns am bitheadh coirce a’ fàs agus seòrsa primideach de dh’eòrna
princess n bana-phrionnsa f, pl bana-phrionnsan
principal a prìomh preceding n. They should not dominate the principal aim, chan eil còir aca bàrr a thoirt air a’ phrìomh amas. The principal criteria in setting attainment targets, am prìomh chomharra-stiùiridh ann a bhith a’ suidheachadh cuimsean coileanaidh. This implies significantly enhanced support for Gaelic where it is the principal language, tha seo a’ ciallachadh rud gu sònraichte a bharrachd de thaic don Ghàidhlig ann an àiteachan far an i am prìomh chànan
principal clause n phr prìomh-chlàs m, pl prìomh-chlàsan
principal parts (of verb) n phr prìomh-mhìrean f pl
principal sentence n phr prìomh sheantans m, pl prìomh sheantansan
principal teacher n phr prìomh-thidsear m, gen prìomh-thidseir, pl prìomh-thidsearan
principle n 1 prionnsabal m, gen prionnsabail, pl prionnsabalan. Principles for the construction of a school’s Gaelic programme, prionnsabalan airson prògram Gàidhlig sgoile a chur ri chèile
as a general principle, is prionnsabal coitcheann e plus gu. As a general principle pupils should have the opportunity to participate in the full range of experiences offered by Gaelic, is prionnsabal coitcheann e gum bu chòir an cothrom a bhith aig cloinn a bhith a’ gabhail pàirt anns a h-uile aon fhiosrachadh a tha a’ Ghàidhlig a’ tairgse
guiding principle n phr màthair-adhbhair f. The guiding principle in regard to selection of language should be the children’s need to communicate, ’s e màthair-adhbhair taghadh cànain am feum a bhitheas aig a’ chloinn air a bhith a’ conaltradh
print n 1 clò m. Whether in print, sound or moving image, co-dhiù tha iad ann an clò, ann am fuaim no ann an ìomhaigh ghluasadaich. Knowledge children have gained about the conventions of print itself, eòlas a fhuair a’ chlann mu chleachdaidhean clò fhèin. Some pupils will be familiar with print in their homes, bidh cuid de chloinn eòlach air clò anns na dachaighean aca
2 expressed with nì m an clò, pl nithean an clò. Books, poetry, other print, dramatic and mass media texts, leabhraichean, bàrdachd, nithean eile an clò, cho math ri teacsaichean bho dhràma ’s na mòrmheadhain
3 clò-bhualadh m, gen clò-bhualaidh
print v tr 1 clò-bhuail, vn clò-bhualadh m
2 sgrìobh mar chlò. Print your name at the dotted line, sgrìobh ur n-ainm mar chlò air an loidhne phuingeannan
printed a 1 clò-bhuailte. Teachers should give careful attention to the readability of all printed texts used, tha còir aig tidsearan làn aire a thoirt gu bheil gach teacsa clò-bhuailte a thàtar a’ cleachdadh furasta a leughadh. Printed for HMSO, clò-bhuailte airson HMSO
2 (ann) an clò. Pictures, printed letters and words, dealbhan, faclan agus litrichean an clò. Teachers will draw attention to examples of printed information, bidh na tidsearan a’ tarraing aire na cloinne a dh’ionnsaigh eisimpleirean de dh’fhiosrachadh ann an clò
printing-press n beart-chlò f, gen beairt-clò, pl beartan-clò
printer n clò-bhualadair m, pl clò-bhualadairean
prior a
prior to adv phr expressed with mum, mun; mus conj (plus dep form of verb). Should public swimming-pools be used, the person in charge of the pre-school must contact the manager of the facility prior to the visit, ma thèid amaran-snàimh poblach a chur am feum, feumaidh an neach a tha air ceann na ro-sgoile brath a leigeil air manaidsear a’ ghoireis mus bithear a’ tadhal air
priority n 1 tùs-chothrom m, gen tùs-chothroim, pl tùs-chothroman. Aims and priorities, amasan agus tùs-chothroman
2 prìomh-amas m, gen prìomh-amais, pl prìomh-amasan. Taking into account local priorities, a’ gabhail ealla ri prìomh-amasan na sgìre
3 mòr-chudthrom m, gen mòr-chudthruim. Schools should attach a priority to helping children, cuiridh na sgoiltean mòr-chudthrom air a bhith a’ cuideachadh clann
4 prìomhachas m, gen prìomhachais, pl prìomhachasan. He is giving priority to education, tha e a’ toirt prìomhachais do dh’fhoghlam
4 expressed with prìomh-inbhe f. Language and communication are human and social priorities, tha prìomh inbhe aig cànain agus aig conaltradh a thaobh mar a bhuineas sinn ri daondachd agus coimhearsnachd
5 àite m. The pupil should be taught to give increasing priority to technical features of the text, tha còir gun treòirichear am pàiste gus am barrachd ’s am barrachd àite a thoirt do nithean teicnigeach an teacsa
6 expressed with nì m a bhitheas san amharc, pl nithean a bhitheas san amharc. The over-riding priority in the initial stages, an nì os cionn nan uile nithean a bhitheas san amharc aig toiseach cùise
7 pl expressed with rudan m pl as cudthromaiche na chèile. What are the priorities as regards books? dè na rudan as cudthromaiche na chèile a thaobh leabhraichean?
prism n priosam m, pl priosaman. Hexagon based prism, priosam le bonn sia-cheàrnach. Square based prism, priosam le bonn ceàrnagach. triangle based prism, priosam le bonn triantanach
private a 1 dìomhair
2 prìobhaideach. The private sector, an roinn phrìobhaideach
3 pearsanta. Private document, sgrìobhainn phearsanta
privateer n prìobhadair m, pl prìobhadairean
probable a
probably adv 1 expressed with is dòcha. These stones are the remains of a stone wall probably built in prehistoric times, ’s iad na clachan seo na tha air fhàgail de ghàrradh-cloiche a chaidh a thogail is dòcha aig àm roi-eachdraidheil
2 expressed with bidh e coltach. The outcrop of rock has probably been quarried to supply stone for the buildings in this immediate area, bidh e coltach gun deach clach a chosnadh bhon chreagan do na togalaichean a tha suidhichte faisg air làimh
probe v tr sgrùd, vn sgrudadh m. It will probably be necessary for the teacher to probe pupil understanding, is dòcha gum feum an tidsear tuigse na cloinne a sgrùdadh
problem n 1 duilgheadas m, gen duilgheadais, pl duilgheadasan. Noting and attending to specific problems which may impede the learning process, a’ gabhail cunntais air duilgheadasan sònraichte a dh’fhaodas bacadh a chur air ionnsachadh, agus a’ frithealadh orra. Challenging them to make decisions and confront problems, gan cur gu dùbhlan gus co-dhùnaidhean a dhèanamh agus aghaidh a chur air duilgheadasan
2 trioblaid f, pl trioblaidean. The teacher will identify those with hearing and speech problems, cuiridh an tidsear aithne orrasan aig a bheil trioblaidean claisneachd is bruidhne. By releasing them from problems of poor co-ordination in handwriting, le bhith gan saoradh o thrioblaidean ceangailte ri co-òrdanachadh uireasbhaidheach ann an làmh-sgrìobhadh
3 tàire f. Pupils with specific learning difficulties who will have particular problems in reading, writing and spelling, clann le duilgheadasan ionnsachaidh sònraichte, aig am bi tàire àraidh le leughadh, sgrìobhadh agus litreachadh
4 (maths) ceist f, pl ceistean, or cuist f, pl cuistean
5 ceist f dhoirbh, pl ceistean doirbh. Group projects and problem-solving, pròiseactan-buidhne agus fuasgladh cheistean doirbhe
6 ceist f dhuilich, pl ceistean duilich. The possibilities for group discussion and the engagement with problems in work of this kind are inexhaustible, chan eil ceann no crìoch air a’ chothrom a tha ann an obair den t-seòrsa seo gu bhith a’ beachdachadh ann am buidhnean agus gu bhith a’ gleachd ri ceistean duilich
problem-solving n fuasgladh m cheist, gen fuasglaidh cheist. Exploring fiction through simulations to generate thinking skills, strategies and problem solving, a’ sgrùdadh ficsein tro shamhlachaidhean gus sgilean smaoineachaidh, dòighean-iomairt agus fuasgladh cheist a thoirt gu bith
2 expressed with fuasgladh cheistean doirbhe. Group projects and problem-solving, pròiseactan-buidhne agus fuasgladh cheistean doirbhe
procedure n 1 (a) dòigh f, gen dòighe, pl dòighean. To build assessment procedures into classroom programmes, gus dòighean measaidh a shnìomh a-steach ann am prògraman a- chlas. Pupils will use a wider range of research procedures, bidh a’ chlann a’ cleachdadh barrachd de dhòighean rannsachaidh. They may use miscue analysis procedures in reading, faodaidh iad dòighean sgrùdaidh air iomrallan a chleachdadh ann an leughadh
(b) dòigh-obrach f, gen dòighe-obrach, pl dòighean-obrach. Procedures must be in place to cover the event of illness or an accident, feumaidh dòighean-obrach a bhith stèidhichte a choinnicheas ri suidheachadh tinneis no tubaist
2 iomairt f, pl iomairtean. Selecting assessment procedures, a’ taghadh iomairtean measaidh. Occasional procedures which enable the teacher to take a closer look at progress and needs, iomairtean o àm gu àm a bheir cothrom don tidsear sùil nas gèire thoirt air adhartas agus air feuman
3 cleachdadh m, gen chleachdaidh, pl cleachdaidhean. Use of procedures such as these may identify the need for additional support, faodaidh cleachdaidhean den t-seòrsa seo a chomharrachadh gu bheilear a’ cur feum air taice a bharrachd
4 modh m, pl modhan. Apply agreed procedures for protecting children to all staff, cleachd modhan aontaichte gus clann a dhìon airson luchd-obrach gu lèir
proceed v i rach air adhart, vn dol air adhart. The teacher should question the pupils about their expectations as the text proceeds, tha còir aig an tidsear ceistean a chur air a’ chloinn mu na tha iad a’ sùileachadh mar a tha an teacsa a’ dol air adhart
proceleusmatic a proceleusmatach. We have no name for the kind of foot found here, in which four syllables with lesser stress come between the two main stresses of the half-line, unless we borrow, with a slight change of sense, the term “proceleusmatic”, chan eil ainm againn air an t-seòrsa troighe a gheibhear an seo, anns a bheil ceithir lidean le cudthrom as lugha a’ tachairt eadar an dà phrìomh chudthrom den leth-shreath, mur dèan sinn iasad, le beagan atharrachadh cèille, den bhriathar “proceleusmatach”
process n 1 (a) obair f. The teaching of Gaelic from P1 to B2, a unitary process with similar approaches across the age range, teagasg na Gàidhlig bho B1 gu A2, oir is obair aonaichte, leantainneach sin, le dòighean obrach den aon ghnè o aois gu aois. To establish an understanding of the listening process, gus tuigse air obair-èisteachd a stèidheachadh. Creative process, obair-chruthachaidh
(b) dòigh-obrach f, pl dòighean-obrach. Both the process and the products will offer the teacher opportunities for assessment, bidh an dà chuid an dòigh-obrach agus na thig às an obair a’ toirt cothroim don tidsear air measadh a dhèanamh
2 (a) oibreachadh m. It will probably be necessary for the teacher to clarify the evaporation process, is dòcha gum feum an tidsear oibreachadh an deatachaidh a dhèanamh soilleir don chloinn
(b) expressed with mar a tha … ag oibreachadh. Pupils will be familiar with the process of listening and responding in group discussion, bidh eòlas aig a’ chloinn air mar a tha èisteachd agus freagairt ann am beachdachadh-buidhne ag oibreachadh
3 expressed with dòigh f. By providing regular opportunities for choice about the content, process and sequence of their learning, le cothrom a thoirt dhaibh gu cunbhalach roghainn a dhèanamh anns na tha iad ag ionnsachadh agus anns an dòigh agus anns an òrdugh anns a bheil iad a’ dèanamh sin. The course will give an understanding of the various treatment and distribution processes used in the water industry, bheir an cùrsa tuigse air na dòighean air uisge a leasachadh agus a chur a-mach don t-sluagh a thathar a’ cleachdadh sa ghnìomhachas uisge
4 gnìomh m, pl gnìomhan. As part of the registration process with the social work department, mar phàirt den ghnìomh chlàrachaidh le roinn na h-obrach sòisealta. It should cover the language of personal interaction, and language related to the topics and processes involved in school work, bu chòir cànain phearsanta eadar dhaoine a ghabhail a-staigh, cho math ri cànain a tha co-cheangailte ris na cuspairean agus na gnìomhan a bhuineas do dh’obair-sgoile. Drafting and re-drafting will describe the processes of writing in which pupils will regularly engage, bidh dreachdadh agus ath-dhreachdadh a’ dèanamh iomraidh air gnìomhan sgrìobhaidh anns am bi a’ chlann a’ dol an greim gu cunbhalach
5 cùis f. This is not a linear process, chan e cùis leantainneach a tha seo. Assessment procedures should be planned as part of the teaching and learning processes, tha còir dòighean-measaidh air cànain a dheilbh mar phàirt de chùisean teagaisg agus ionnsachaidh
6 iomairt f. A variety of techniques will be found helpful in this process, tha caochladh dhòighean ann a bhitheas feumail anns an iomairt seo
7 gnothach m. The process is more complex, ’s e tha ann gnothach a tha cus nas ioma-chùisiche
8 rianachd f. Pupils might use Gaelic for the content and processes of school-work, dh’fhaodadh a’ chlann Gàidhlig a chleachdadh airson susbaint agus rianachd obair-sgoile
9 nì m. Listening effectively is an active process, is e nì eadar-phearsanta a tha ann a bhith ag èisteachd gu h-èifeachdach
10 ceum m, pl ceumannan. Care has been taken to acknowledge the processes which will enable that extension to take place, tha àite air a thoirt gu faiceallach do na ceumannan a bheir cothrom don leudachadh sin a bhith a’ tighinn gu buil. This enables pupils to engage in the processes of editing and publication, tha seo a’ toirt comais do chloinn a dhol an sàs ann an ceumannan eagrachaidh agus foillseachaidh
11 adhartas m, gen adhartais. It encourages the development of all the language components through an active, naturally integrated process, tha e a’ misneachadh leasachaidh air na h-earrainnean cànain uile tro adhartas a tha dèantanach agus a tha air a cheangal ri chèile gu nàdarra
12 meadhan m, gen meadhain. A fast and cost-effective electronic process, meadhan-dealain a tha an dà chuid luath agus cosg-èifeachdach
13 expressed with na tha a’ dol. The teacher’s role is to assist in that process, ’s e àite an tidseir a bhith a’ cuideachadh leis na tha a’ dol
14 expressed with na bheil a’ dol air adhart. Such knowledge should support and supplement the continuing, natural processes of language acquisition, tha còir aig eòlas den t-seòrsa seo cur ris na bheil a’ dol air adhart gu nàdarrach ann an togail cànain, agus sin gu taiceil
15 expressed with an cois plus gen. There is a latent phase in the immersion process, tha ùine fhalchaidh an cois an drùdhaidh
16 expressed with adhartas a thàtar a’ dèanamh. This is a common occurrence and an important part of the process, is nì cumanta seo agus pàirt chudthromach den adhartas a thàtar a’ dèanamh
17 expressed with a bhith. Pupils’ understanding of the process of carrying information, tuigse na cloinne air a bhith a’ giùlan fiosrachaidh. The teacher will make explicit and exemplify the process of message-giving, bidh an tidsear a’ mìneachadh gu soilleir le eisimpleirean dè as ciall do bhith a’ toirt teachdaireachd
18 expressed with sin. Of using the process to meet their own needs as learners, a’ cleachdadh sin gus am feumalachdan fhèin mar luchd-ionnsachaidh a choileanadh
19expressed with cothrom. The process of development will continue, leanaidh cothrom fàis air
20 not directly expressed. This process should help to ensure, tha còir gun cuidicheadh seo gus dèanamh cinnteach. To help with this process, gus cuideachadh leis a-seo. This process of adaptation will be informed by …, bidh am freagarrachadh seo fo bhuaidh …. Gaining a command of Gaelic is a process involving the gradual acquisition and expansion of knowledge, skills and understanding, gus a’ Ghàidhlig ionnsachadh feumar eòlas, sgilean agus tuigse a thogail agus a leudachadh mean air mhean. Noting and attending to specific problems which may impede the learning process, a’ gabhail cunntais air duilgheadasan sònraichte a dh’fhaodas bacadh a chur air ionnsachadh, agus a’ frithealadh orra. Checking punctuation, linkage and organisation will be part of the process of re-drafting, bithear a’ cumail sùil air pungadh, ceangal agus rian mar phàirt den ath-dhreachdadh. Including different kinds of assessment processes, agus sin a’ còmhdach caochladh sheòrsachan measaidh
in the process of adv phr expressed with fhathast. The support infrastructure for it is in the process of being developed, tha an cùl-taice aige fhathast ga leasachadh
process v tr 1 dèan giollachd air, vn dèanamh giollachd air
2 expressed with cuir rian air, vn cur rian air. The teacher will help pupils to process what they hear, cuidichidh an tidsear a’ chlann gus rian a chur air na chluinneas iad
processing n giollachd f. Fish processing, giollachd èisg
processing a giollachd. A processing plant, factaraidh giollachd
procurator-fiscal n neach-casaid m a’ chrùin, gen & pl luchd-casaid a’ chrùin
procure v tr 1 faigh, vn faighinn
2 solair, vn solar m
3 coisinn, vn cosnadh m
produce n toradh m, gen toraidh
produce v tr 1 dèan, vn dèanamh m
2 cuir ri chèile, vn cur ri chèile. Schools should produce a policy for language, bu chòir do sgoiltean poileasaidh cànain a chur ri chèile. Children will be asked to produce short accounts, bidh a’ chlann a’ cur ri chèile cunntasan goirid
3 cuir a-mach, vn cur a-mach. Pupils should be helped to make discoveries for themselves through a range of activities such as producing a newspaper, tha còir gum faigheadh clann cuideachadh gus nithean a lorg dhaibh fhèin le bhith an sàs ann an caochladh ghnìomhan mar a bhith a’ cur pàipear-naidheachd a-mach
3 thoir a-mach, vn toirt a-mach. A number of local and national production programmes exist, aimed at producing teaching resources, tha grunnan ann de phrògraman deasachaidh ionadail agus nàiseanta, aig a bheil e mar amas goireasan-teagaisg a thoirt a-mach
4 tog, vn togail f. The topics discussed will be produced by the class, bidh na cuspairean air am bithear a’ beachdachadh air an togail leis a’ chlas
5 coilean, vn coileanadh m. Practical activities which will require them to talk together to produce an outcome, gnìomhan prataigeach anns am feum iad a bhith a’ còmhradh gus amas a choileanadh
6 thoir gu buil, vn toirt gu buil. Producing a re-draft, a’ toirt ath-dhreachd gu buil. Pupils with difficulties in handwriting will produce attractive writing, bidh clann le duilgheadasan ann an làmh-sgrìobhadh a’ toirt sgrìobhaidh shealltanaich gu buil. Pupils will be encouraged to produce a variety of different kinds of writing, misnichear a’ chlann gus caochladh sheòrsachan sgrìobhaidh a thoirt gu buil
7 ullaich, vn ullachadh m. Producing children’s pages for local newspapers, ag ullachadh duilleagan chloinne airson phàipearan-naidheachd ionadail
8 expressed with bhom faighear. Mines producing salt, mèinnean bhom faighear salann
produced a 1 expressed with sgrìobh, vn sgrìobhadh m. Including texts produced by pupils, agus teacsaichean a sgrìobhas a’ chlann nam measg
2 not directly expressed. A school-devised programme which will include commercially-produced materials, prògram a tha air a dhealbhadh anns an sgoil fhèin agus a dh’fhaodas stuthan bùtha a chleachdadh
3 not expressed. Attractively produced reading materials, stuth leughaidh tlachdmhor
producing n riochdachadh m, gen riochdachaidh. In learning the skills of sequencing, structuring, re-drafting and producing, ann a bhith a’ togail sgilean leanmhainneachd, eagrachaidh, ath-sgrìobhaidh agus riochdachaidh
producer n 1 (of play) riochdaire m, pl riochdairean
2 (maker) neach-dèanaimh m, pl luchd-dèanaimh
product n 1 bathar m, gen bathair. High technology product, bathar àrd-theicneolach
2 (mathematics) toradh m, gen toraidh
3 adhbhar gen & pl adhbhair. There is also a sense of purpose and structure since the creation of media products involves the children in learning skills, gheibh a’ chlann mothachadh cuideachd air adhbhar agus air structar, a chionn le bhith a’ cruthachadh adhbhair-mheadhain tha iad gan cur an greim ann a bhith a’ togail sgilean
4 stuth m, pl stuthan. Chemical product, stuth ceimigeach. Waste product, stuth fuighlich
5 expressed with na thig às an obair. Both the process and the products will offer the teacher opportunities for assessment, bidh an dà chuid an dòigh-obrach agus na thig às an obair a’ toirt cothroim don tidsear air measadh a dhèanamh
production n 1 expressed with na thig bho. Early language production may take the form of Gaelic sentences with some English words, is dòcha gur e seantansan Gàidhlig le faclan Beurla nam measg na thig bhuapa de chànain toiseach cùise
2 expressed with comas m. The reason for poor voice production in talking is the pupil’s lack of clarity about what to say, ’s e as adhbhar do chion comas labhairt nach eil am pàiste soilleir mu dè their e
3 not expressed. This might include the production of basic captions, dh’fhaodadh seo gabhail a-staigh caipseanan bunaiteach. Problems in speech production and articulation, duilgheadasan ann an cainnt ’s ann an labhairt phungail
production mod deasachaidh. A number of local and national production programmes exist, tha grunnan ann de phrògraman deasachaidh ionadail agus nàiseanta
production line n phr loidhne-dhèanaimh f
productive a
productively adv gu buannachdail. Pupils will listen in order to respond productively, bidh a’ chlann ag èisteachd gus a bhith a’ freagairt gu buannachdail
professional a proifeiseanta. With the advisory and other professional services, ris na seirbheisean comhairleachaidh agus na seirbheisean proifeiseanta eile. The evidence collected by the teacher will be used in arriving at the professional judgements, cleachdar an dearbhadh a thèid a chruinneachadh leis an tidsear ann a bhith a’ tighinn chun a’ bhreithneachaidh phroifeiseanta
professionalism n expressed with cruth m proifeiseanta. Word processing gives professionalism to finished work, cuiridh dealbh-sgrìobhadh cruth proifeiseanta air obair chrìochnaichte
professor n àrd-ollamh m, gen àrd-ollaimh, pl àrd-ollamhan
proficiency n comas m, gen comais, pl comasan. Oral proficiency, comas labhairt
profile n 1 teisteanas-measaidh m, gen & pl teisteanais-mheasaidh. Profiles and inspections in the pre-school, teisteanais-mheasaidh agus sgrùdaidhean san ro-sgoile. Guidance on developing profiles can be found in the guidelines, gheibhear comhairle air teisteanas-measaidh a thoirt gu buil anns an stiùireadh
2 teisteanas m, gen & pl teisteanais. It is suggested that such a profile might be updated at the end of blocks of teaching. thàtar a’ cur mun aire gum faodaiste cur ri a leithid seo de theisteanas aig deireadh earrainnean teagaisg. The use of an assessment profile should be flexible, tha còir cleachdadh an teisteanais-mheasaidh a bhith fosgailte
3 slios-shealladh m, gen slios-sheallaidh, pl slios-sheallaidhean
4 beath-aisneis f, pl beath-aisneisean
profile v tr
profiling n teisteanas-measaidh m, gen teisteanais-mheasaidh. A system of profiling is recommended, thàtar a’ moladh siostam teisteanais-mheasaidh
profit n 1 prothaid f, pl prothaidean
2 buannachd f
profitable a 1 prothaideach, comp prothaidiche
2 buannachdail
profound a expressed with ro mhòr. These have a profound influence on any communication and its comprehension, tha buaidh ro mhòr aca seo air conaltradh sam bith agus air mar a thuigear an conaltradh sin
program n prògram m, gen prògraim, pl programan. Computer programs, prògraman coimpiutair
programme n 1 clàr m, gen clàir, pl clàran. Programmes of study, clàran oideachaidh. a summary of concerns and approaches applicable to programmes of study, geàrr-chunntas air na nithean cudthromach agus na dòighean a bhuineas do chlàran oideachaidh
2 prògram m, gen prògraim, pl prògraman. When viewing a film or television programme, an uair a thàtar a’ coimhead air film no air prògram telebhisein. On which teachers can capitalise in the planning and delivery of the programme, air am faod luchd-teagaisg a bhith a’ togail ann a bhith a’ deasachadh a’ phrògraim agus ga chur an gnìomh. Programmes of study, prògraman stuidearachd
3 prògram-obrach m, pl prògraman-obrach. The later the start the more intensive the programme, mar as fhaide a thàtar gun tòiseachadh ’s ann as dèine am prògram-obrach
4 expressed with oideachadh m, gen oideachaidh. Who have not followed a Gaelic-medium or similar programme, nach d’fhuair oideachadh tron Ghàidhlig no a leithid sin
5 expressed with oidich, vn oideachadh m. For a few in Gaelic medium programmes, tha àireamh bheag a tha gan oideachadh tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig
progress n 1 adhartas m, gen adhartais. This allows learners to gauge more effectively their own progress and achievements, bheir seo cothrom do luchd-ionnsachaidh tomhas nas buadhmhoire a dhèanamh air an adhartas a rinn iad agus air na tha iad a’ toirt gu buil. For recording pupils’ progress, gus adhartas na cloinne a chlàradh. To encourage progress, gus adhartas a bhrosnachadh. Progress will reflect the various starting points, bidh an t-adhartas a’ comharrachadh nan amannan-tòiseachaidh eadar-dhealaichte. To help them understand their own progress, gus an cuideachadh gu an cuid adhartais fhèin a thuigsinn
2 piseach f, gen pisich. It is likely that these pupils will make more rapid progress, bidh a h-uile coltas gun tig piseach nas luaithe air a’ chloinn seo. Reporting on success and progress, a’ toirt iomraidh air soirbheachadh agus air piseach
3 expressed with bi a’ gluasad. A pupil’s progress through the attainment targets will not necessarily be consistent across the main components of Gaelic, chan eil e do-sheachnaichte gum bi am pàiste a’ gluasad gu cunbhalach feadh uile bhuilean na gàidhlig
4 not directly expressed. Progress will assume an adequate amount of time for learning, bithear a’ gabhail ris gum bi ùine gu leòr ann airson ionnsachaidh
progress v i 1 thig piseach air. The way that learning should progress, mar a thigeadh piseach air ionnsachadh
2 rach, vn dol. The pace at which they progress through the curriculum will vary considerably, bidh diofar mòr anns an astar a bhitheas aca a’ dol tron chlàr-theagaisg
3 rach air adhart, vn dol air adhart. Pupils who are beyond Level E and progressing towards Standard Grade, clann a tha seach Ìre E agus a’ dol air adhart a dh’ionnsaigh na h-Ìre Choitchinn. Pupils may opt to progress to programmes for fluent speakers, faodaidh a’ chlann roghainn a dhèanamh a dhol air adhart gu prògraman airson fileantach
4 bi a’ dol. The attainment targets are not intended to be ceilings beyond which learning does not progress, tha e a-cheart cho fìor nach eilear a’ ciallachadh gu bheil na cuimsean coileanaidh cho àrd ’s nach eil ionnsachadh a’ dol os an cionn
progression n 1 adhartas m, gen adhartais. Progression in learning, adhartas ann an ionnsachadh. A reasonable progression for pupils, adhartas reusanta don chloinn. Diversity of language, culture and progression, iomadalachd cànain, cultair agus adhartais. A strand is a sequence of targets in a key aspect of skills that demonstrates progression through the levels, ’s e a tha ann an ‘iall’ ach sreath de chuimsean ann an earrainn chudthromaich air choireigin de sgilean a tha a’ nochdadh adhartais tro na h-ìrean
2 expressed with adhartach a. To ensure balance and progression, gus sin a dhèanamh cothromach agus adhartach. To ensure balance, breadth, continuity, coherence and progression gus cùisean a dhèanamh da-rireabh cothromach, farsaing, leantainneach, cunbhalach agus adhartach
3 leantainneachd f. To ensure progression, balance and consistency of approach and content at different ages and stages, gus daingneachadh a dhèanamh air leantainneachd agus air co-ionnanachd a thaobh dhòighean teagaisg agus a thaobh na thàtar a’ teagasg aig caochladh aoisean agus ìrean
progressive a 1 adhartach, comp adhartaiche. It helps pupils’ learning to be coherent and progressive, tha i a’ cuidicheadh le ionnsachadh chloinne a dhèanamh cunbhalach agus adhartach. Achieving the targets in Gaelic will ensure that a pupil’s learning will be comprehensive and progressive, ’s ann le bhith a’ coileanadh nan cuimsean a nithear cinnteach gur ann ioma-chruthach agus adhartach a tha na bheil pàiste ag ionnsachadh. Through a systematic and progressive programme, tro phrògram rianail adhartach
2 expressed with a tha a’ dol air adhart ceum air ceum. The language programme may take the form of a progressive language course, faodaidh am prògram cànain a bhith ann an riochd cùrsa cànain a tha a’ dol air adhart ceum air ceum
progressively adv 1 nas motha agus nas motha. Terms which will progressively be used in discussion of texts, briathran a bhithear a’ cleachdadh nas motha agus nas motha ann am beachdachadh air teacsaichean
2 mean air mhean. They have been clarified in such a way as to enable pupils’ language ability to be progressively extended, rinneadh soilleireachadh orra ann a leithid de dhòigh ’s gum faodar comas-cànain na cloinne a leudachadh mean air mhean
prohibit v tr bac, vn bacadh m
2 toirmisg, vn toirmeasg m
prohibited a toirmeasgte. Smoking prohibited, smocadh toirmeasgte
project n pròiseact m, gen pròiseict, pl pròiseactan. Themes, topics, projects, or text-based studies, cuspairean no pròiseactan no obair a tha air an suidheachadh air teacsa. From collaborative language tasks to group projects, bho obair cho-chuideachail cànain gu pròiseactan-buidhne
project mod pròiseict. Project work, obair pròiseict
project v tr
projected a expressed with san amharc. The projected figures for next year, na figearan a tha san amharc airson na h-ath bhliadhna
projection n 1 (map) (a) sealladh m, gen seallaidh , pl seallaidhean
(b) map-shealladh m, gen map-sheallaidh, pl map-sheallaidhean
2 foillseachadh m, gen foillseachaidh. Projection of a lively, modern image of Gaelic, foillseachadh air ìomhaigh bheothail na Gàidhlig anns an latha an diugh
prolepsis (gram) n ro-thagradh m, gen ro-thagraidh
proleptic (gram) a ro-thagrach
prologue n ro-ràdh m, gen ro-ràidh, pl ro-ràdhan
prominent a allail. Prominent men, daoine allail
promontory n 1 rubha m, pl rubhaichean
2 sròn f, gen sròine, pl srònan
3 àird f, gen àirde, pl àirdean
promote v 1 leasaich, vn leasachadh m. They will support and promote reading and writing, bidh iad a’ neartachadh agus a’ leasachadh leughaidh agus sgrìobhaidh
2 (a) brosnaich, vn brosnachadh m. Contexts which will promote learning activities, suidhichidhean a bhitheas a’ brosnachadh gnìomhan ionnsachaidh
(b) dèan brosnachadh air, vn dèanamh brosnachaidh air. Talk and listening should be actively promoted, bu chòir làn bhrosnachadh a dhèanamh air labhairt agus èisteachd. The routine checking of spelling at the end of drafting should be actively promoted, tha còir làn bhrosnachadh a dhèanamh air a bhith a’ cur dearbhaidh air litreachadh gu cunbhalach aig deireadh dreachdaidh
3 daingnich, vn daingneachadh m. The teacher will promote confidence by reassurance and praise, bidh an tidsear a’ daingneachadh misnich le faclan comhfhartachd agus molaidh
4 cuir air adhart, vn cur air adhart. In promoting Gaelic culture, ann a bhith a’ cur air adhart dualchas na Gàidhlig
5 tog, vn togail f. This may be used to promote further discussion, bu chòir sin a chur gu feum gus an tuilleadh deasbaid a thogail
6 àrdaich, vn àrdachadh m
7 thoir, vn toirt f. These computer programs might also be used as visual stimuli to promote the development of oral skills in Gaelic, dh’fhaodaiste na prògraman seo a chur gu feum gus piseach a thoirt air sgilean cainnt-bheòil anns a’ Ghàidhlig
promotion n àrdachadh m, gen àrdachaidh, pl àrdachaidhean
prompt v tr
prompted pp expressed with fo bhrosnachadh. By responding when prompted by the adult, le bhith a’ freagairt fo bhrosnachadh on inbheach
prompting n 1 coiteachadh m, gen coiteachaidh. Sensitive prompting by the teacher will help pupils develop their responses, bidh coiteachadh mothachail on tidsear na chuideachadh don chloinn gu bhith a’ toirt an cuid freagairtean an aghaidh. Pupils begin to be much less dependent on adult help and prompting, bidh a’ chlann a’ tòiseachadh air a bhith cus nas lugha an urra ri cuideachadh agus ri coiteachadh o inbhich
2 conaltradh m, gen conaltraidh. They will show a readiness to talk, albeit with some adult assistance and prompting, nochdaidh iad gu bheil iad deònach a bhith a’ còmhradh, ged as ann fhèin le cuideachadh agus conaltradh o inbhich
pronominal a riochdaireil. The pronominal forms are as follows, tha na cumaidhean riochdaireil mar a leanas
pronoun n riochdair m, pl riochdairean. Demonstrative pronoun, riochdair comharrachaidh. Indefinite pronoun, riochdair neo-chinnteach. Interrogative pronoun, riochdair ceisteach. Personal pronoun, riochdair pearsanta. Possessive pronoun, riochdair seilbheach. Reciprocal pronoun, riochdair co-chèileach. Reflexive pronoun, riochdair fèineach. Relative pronoun, riochdair dàimheach
prepositional pronoun n phr ro-riochdair m, pl ro-riochdairean
pronounce v tr fuaimnich, vn fuaimneachadh m
pronounced a follaiseach. Others, however, may have pronounced, specific or complex difficulties, airson feadhainn eile, ge-tà, aig a bheil duilgheadasan follaiseach, sònraichte no ioma-chruthach
pronunciation n fuaimneachadh m, gen fuaimneachaidh, pl fuaimneachaidhean. That is the usual pronunciation of the vowel, ’s e sin am fuaimneachadh àbhaisteach a bhitheas air an fhuaimreig
proof n dearbhadh m, gen dearbhaidh, pl dearbhaidhean
proof-reading n expressed with a bhith a’ dearbh-leughadh. Pupils will develop a sense of the importance of careful proof-reading, bidh a’ chlann a’ fàs mothachail air cho cudthromach ’s a tha e a bhith a’ dearbh-leughadh gu faiceallach
prop n
prop roots n phr freumhan-taice f pl; taic-fhreumhan f pl
propellant n stuth-iomain m, pl stuthan-iomain
propeller n proipeilear m, gen proipeileir, pl proipeilearan
proper a 1 dòigheil. That work is properly differentiated, gu bheil sgaradh dòigheil air an obair
2 (gram) sònrachaidh. Proper noun, ainmear sònrachaidh
properly adv gu dòigheil. Everything is working properly, tha a h-uile nì ag obrachadh gu dòigheil
property n 1 (chemical) buadh f, gen buaidh, pl buadhan. Chemical, physical properties, buadhan ceimiceach, fiosaigeach
2 expressed with nàdar m, gen nàdair, plus comharraich, vn comharrachadh. “Genre” is a term used to describe a property of texts, that each text belongs to a group, or set, of texts with which it shares common features, tha “Gnè” air a chleachdadh gus iomradh a dhèanamh air nàdar theacsaichean, a’ comharrachadh gum buin a h-uile teacsa do bhuidheann theacsaichean agus gu bheil dòighean anns a bheil e coltach riutha sin
3 togalach m, gen togalaich, pl togalaichean
proportion n 1 cuibhreann f. The relative proportion of time allocated to Gaelic and English language will vary in accordance with the needs of the child, bidh a’ chuibhreann ùine a thàtar a’ cur mu choinneamh na Gàidhlig agus na Beurla ag atharrachadh a-rèir feuman a’ phàiste. It is recommended that a proportion of this time might be devoted to language work, thàtar a’ moladh gum faodaiste cuibhreann den ùine seo a thoirt do dh’obair cànain
2 earrann f, gen earrainn, pl earrannan
3 co-roinn f, pl co-roinnean. Miscible in all proportions, so-mheasgachaidh anns gach co-roinn
propose v tr thoir mun aire. The Council proposed a minimum time allocation of 20% for language and communication, thug a’ Chomhairle mun aire gum bu chòir 20% den ùine air a’ char bu lugha a chur mu choinneamh cànain is conaltraidh
proposition n tairgse f, pl tairgsean
proprietor n sealbhadair m, pl sealbhadairean
2 uachdaran m, gen & pl uachdarain
prose n rosg m, gen ruisg, pl rosgan
prose mod ann an rosg. They will retain strong rhythms which no prose text is likely to possess, bi ruitheam làidir annta fhathast nach bi e coltach a bhith aig teacsa sam bith ann an rosg
prospective a
prospective parliamentary candidate n phr tagraiche m pàrlamaid, pl tagraichean pàrlamaid
prosthesis n 1 (medical) prosteusas m, gen & pl prosteusais
2 (linguistics) ro-shuidheachadh m, gen ro-shuidheachaidh
prosthetic a (linguistics) ro-shuidhichte
protect v tr dìon, vn dìon m. To protect the crops and to preserve the grazing the animals were moved to summer pastures, gus am bàrr a dhìon agus gus an talamh-ionaltraidh a ghlèidheadh bha na beathaichean air an gluasad gu àirighean san t-samhradh
protection n dìon m, gen dìona. Protection against rivers flooding, dìon air tuiltean ann an aibhnichean
protective a dìonach, comp dìonaiche. Protective gloves, miotagan dìonach. Staff must wear appropriate protective clothing when handling strong disinfectants and chemicals, feumaidh an luchd-obrach aodach dìonach iomchaidh a bhith orra an uair a bhitheas iad a’ làimhseachadh dhì-ghalarain làidir agus cheimigean
protein n pròtain f
protester n expressed with neach-diùltaidh m, pl luchd-diùltaidh. The toll protester, Donald Mackenzie, said…, thuirt fear-diùltaidh nan cìsean, Dòmhnall MacCoinnich…
Protestant pr n Pròstanach m, gen & pl Pròstanaich
prothesis (linguistics) n, see prosthesis n
prototype n roi-shamhla m, pl roi-shamhlaidhean
protractor n protractair m, pl protractairean
proud a 1 pròiseil
2 àrdanach, comp àrdanaiche
3 àilgheasach comp àilgheasaiche, or àilleasach, comp àilleasaiche
4 (protruding) a-mach (bho). These volcanic rocks have worn down more slowly and now stand proud of the surrounding softer rock, tha na creagan bholcànach seo air caitheamh sìos na bu mhaille agus tha iad a-nis nan seasamh a-mach bhon chreig as buige mun cuairt
proudness n àrdanachd f
prove I v tr 1 dearbh, vn dearbhadh m. Proving this to us and reassuring us of these things, a’ dearbhadh is a’ cinnteachadh nan nithean seo dhuinn
2 thoir dearbhadh air, vn toirt dearbhaidh air. He must withdraw his accusations or prove them, feumaidh e na casaidean aige a thoirt air ais neo dearbhadh a thoirt orra
II prove v i not expressed. By asking for too much evidence of it in a component like writing which is still proving difficult, le bhith a’ sùileachadh cus dearbhaidh air ann an earrainn-obrach mar a tha sgrìobhadh, agus sin fhathast doirbh
proverb n sean-fhacal m, gen sean-fhacail, pl sean-fhaclan
proverbial a expressed with seanfhacal m, pl seanfhaclan. In idiomatic and proverbial sayings, ann an gnàthasan-cainnte ’s ann an seanfhaclan
provide v tr 1 (a) tairg, vn tairgse f. Advice is provided on, thàtar a’ tairgse comhairle mu. Providing such opportunities will involve the following, ann a bhith a’ tairgse a leithid seo bidh feum air na leanas. Schools should provide learning activities, tha aig sgoiltean ri gnìomhan ionnsachaidh a thairgse. Provide a language environment, àrainneachd-chànain a thairgse. The programmes of study which follow provide some teaching and learning approaches, tha na Clàran Oideachaidh a leanas a’ tairgse cuid de dhòighean teagaisg agus ionnsachaidh. By providing lively contexts for the development of language skills, le bhith a’ tairgse suidhichidhean beothail airson a bhith a’ toirt sgilean cànain gu fàs
(b) cuir an tairgse, vn cur an tairgse. Provide experiences for developing pupils’ capacities, a’ cur fhiosraichidhean an tairgse na cloinne gus leasachadh a dhèanamh air an cuid chomasan. To provide a wider range of situations and contexts, gus àireamh nas motha de shuidhichidhean a chur an tairgse na cloinne. Schools will capitalise on pupils’ own play, providing them with settings to interact with others, gabhaidh sgoiltean cothrom air cluiche chloinne fhèin, a’ cur suidhichidhean nan tairgse gus ceangal a dhèanamh ri feadhainn eile
2 (a) cuir vn cur m. Teachers should use texts in English on Gaelic matters to provide an alternative point of view, bu chòir do thidsearan teacsaichean Beurla air cùisean na Gàidhlig a chleachdadh gus beachd eile a chur. By providing questions which ask for literal responses, le bhith a’ cur cheistean a tha a’ sùileachadh fhreagairtean litireil
(b) cuir fa chomhair, vn cur fa chomhair. The models of speech provided by the teacher in talking to pupils, na h-eisimpleirean-labhairt a tha an tidsear a’ cur fa chomhair na cloinne an uair a tha e a’ bruidhinn riutha. To develop their imaginative writing by providing stimulating contexts, gus an cuid sgrìobhaidh mhac-meanmnaich a thoirt air adhart le bhith a’ cur shuidhichidhean fan comhair a chuireas spionnadh annta
3 (a) thoir, vn toirt f. Each account of an issue provides a summary, tha gach cunntas air cùis a’ toirt geàrr-chunntas. Provide either orally or in writing a considered personal view, a’ toirt, ann an cainnt-bheòil no ann an sgrìobhadh, làn bheachd pearsanta. They provide opportunities for pupils to talk to peers, tha iad a’ toirt cothroim do chloinn a bhith a’ labhairt ri an co-aoisean. Regular activities which can provide the teacher with occasions for assessing progress, gnìomhan cunbhalach a dh’fhaodas cothrom a thoirt don tidsear gu bhith a’ measadh adhartais. For example by providing: …, mar eisimpleir le bhith a’ toirt: …
(b) thoir do, vn toirt do. This will provide pupils with a sense of personal and cultural identity, bheir seo mothachadh don chloinn orra fhèin gu pearsanta agus gu cultarail. Access to Gaelic will provide all pupils with a knowledge about language, bheir cothrom air a’ Ghàidhlig eòlas air cànain don chloinn air fad. There will be a need for all such pupils to be provided with appropriate programmes of study, bidh e riatanach clàran oideachaidh freagarrach a thoirt do an leithid sin a chloinn air fad. The teacher will provide an important model for the pupils, bidh an tidsear a’ toirt eisimpleir chudthromaich don chloinn. Linguistic formulae can be provided, faodar abairtean foirmeil a thoirt dhaibh
(c) thoir seachad, vn toirt seachad. The teacher can provide annotated lists of recommended books, faodaidh an tidsear liostaichean leabhraichean a thàtar a’ moladh a thoirt seachad le notaichean. Perhaps through drawings, which will be elaborated to provide detail, is dòcha tro dhealbhan a bhithear a’ leudachadh orra gus làn fhiosrachadh a thoirt seachad
(d) thoir far comhair vn toirt far comhair. This framework should also provide strategies for effective teaching and learning, tha còir aig a’ bheairt seo cuideachd innleachdan airson teagaisg agus ionnsachaidh èifeachdaich a thoirt far comhair
(e) (i) thoir cothrom, vn toirt cothroim. Providing access through drama, a’ toirt cothrom eòlais tro dhràma
(ii) thoir cothrom air, vn toirt cothroim air. The microcomputer can be a valuable aid in providing formats for attractive presentation, faodaidh am mion-choimpiutar a bhith na chuideachadh air leth ann a bhith a’ toirt cothroim air dòighean-foillseachaidh sealltanach
4 (a) expressed with faigh o, vn faighinn o. These targets also provide a set of co-ordinates, gheibhear o na cuimsean seo cuideachd cunntas cho-chomharran. Useful texts are also provided by educational broadcasting, gheibhear teacsaichean feumail o chraoladh foghlaim. These targets do not, however, provide detailed assessment criteria, a dh’aindeoin sin chan fhaighear o na cuimsean seo comharraidhean-measaidh mionaideach
(b) expressed with faigh à, vn faighinn à. It also provides contexts to develop language in simulated situations, gheibhear suidhichidhean às cuideachd gus cànain adhartachadh ann an suidhichidhean samhlachail. Media texts are to be enjoyed for the pleasures they provide, tha còir cothrom a ghabhail air an toileachadh a gheibhear à teacsaichean-meadhain
(c) expressed with faigh an prep, vn faighinn an. Studying television programmes which appeal to pupils will provide a way of discussing content, ann a bhith a’ gabhail beachd air prògraman telebhisein a thig ri càil chloinne gheibhear dòigh air beachdachadh air na bheil annta
(d) faigh do, vn faotainn do. Teachers should provide straightforward fiction, tha còir aig tidsearan ficsean sìmplidh fhaotainn daibh
(e) expressed with bi plus ri fhaotainn. Seat-belts must be worn by all children and appropriate child seats provided where necessary, feumaidh a’ chlann air fad criosan-sàbhalaidh a chur orra, agus feumaidh suidheachain-chloinne fhreagarrach a bhith rim faotainn far a bheil seo riatanach
5 builich air, vn buileachadh air. To provide children from non-Gaelic backgrounds with basic oral competence in Gaelic, comas-labhairt bunaiteach a bhuileachadh air clann à àrainneachd gun Ghàidhlig
6 tog, vn togail f. A single activity may provide a short-term focus, faodaidh aona ghnìomh ùidh a thogail car greiseig
7 leag, vn leagail f. To provide a basic framework, gus bunaitean a leagail
8 solair, vn solar m
9 expressed with dèan, vn dèanamh. To provide flexibility and ease of use, gus cùisean a dhèanamh fosgailte agus furasta an cur an gnìomh
10 expressed with againn. Each provides a summary, chan eil againn a seo ach geàrr-iomradh
11 (a) expressed with an prep. Situations where the school provides the main context in which Gaelic is encountered, suidhichidhean anns a bheilear a’ coinneachadh ris a’ Ghàidhlig anns a’ mhòr earrainn san sgoil fhèin. The normal activities of a busy classroom provide many real opportunities for pupils to convey information, tha iomadach fìor chothrom anns na bheil a’ dol gu làitheil ann an clas trang do chloinn a bhith a’ cur fiosrachaidh an cèill
(b) (i) expressed with bi plus an prep with poss pron. Exploring the images of Gaelic-speaking communities will provide a basis for later work, bidh rannsachadh air na h-ìomhaighean de choimhearsnachdan Gàidhlig na bhunait do dh’obair a nithear a-rithist. Models of correct practice can provide pupil reference, faodaidh eisimpleirean de dh’obair cheart a bhith nam fiosrachadh don chloinn. Drama provides a medium for the active exploration of areas of complex meaning, tha dràma na mheadhan air a bhith a’ dian-rannsachadh raointean de thuigse ioma-fhillte
(ii) expressed with bi plus ann. Separate tables are provided, tha clàir air leth ann
12 expressed with à plus thig. Group tasks provide the setting within which pupils can make suggestions, is ann à iomairt-bhuidhne a thig an suidheachadh anns am faod a’ chlann beachdan a chur air adhart
13 expressed with le prep. Programmes which will provide contexts in which pupils will be asked to write in a variety of forms, prògraman le suidhichidhean anns am bithear ag iarraidh air a’ chloinn a bhith a’ sgrìobhadh ann an caochladh dhòighean
14 not directly expressed. Each of the outcomes being visited in turn to provide exercises and routines, a’ tadhal air gach buil, tè mu seach, gus obair fhoirmeil a dhèanamh orra. To plan and provide for children’s needs, gus ullachadh a dhèanamh mu choinneamh feuman chloinne. It is the oral outcomes that will provide the main basis for thinking about experiences, ’s e cainnt-bheòil a’ phrìomh stèidh gus smaoineachadh mu nithean a dh’fhiosraich iad. In the case of abler pupils, it will be necessary to provide regular challenges through teaching and learning approaches, a thaobh a’ chlann as comasaiche, feumar iad sin a chur gu an dùbhlan gu cunbhalach le modhan teagaisg agus ionnsachaidh
provide the key to v phr expressed with fuasgail a-mach, vn fuasgladh a-mach. The second language provides the key to a number of areas, tha an dàrna cànain a’ fuasgladh a-mach grunnan de raointean eile
provided by a expressed with a tha ri fhaotainn o (plus dat). The rich contexts for gaelic development provided by the mass-media, an t-iomadh suidheachadh airson leasachadh na Gàidhlig a tha ri fhaotainn o na meadhanan
2 expressed with a tha … a’ cur fa chomhair (plus gen). The models of speech provided by the teacher in talking to pupils, na h-eisimpleirean-labhairt a tha an tidsear a’ cur fa chomhair na cloinne an uair a tha e a’ bruidhinn riutha
provided that conj phr fhad ’s a. The use of an assessment profile should be flexible, provided that it helps teacher and pupil to achieve a balanced view of the pupil’s performance, tha còir cleachdadh an teisteanais-mheasaidh a bhith fosgailte, fhad ’s a chuidicheas e an tidsear agus am pàiste gus sealladh cothromach fhaotainn air na tha am pàiste a’ coileanadh
provision n 1 goireasan m pl. There must be adequate toilet and wash hand basin provision, feumaidh goireasan a dh’fhòghnas a bhith ann a thaobh thoileatan agus mhiasan glanaidh-làmh
2 sochairean m pl. Provision for differentiated learning needs, sochairean airson feuman ionnsachaidh eadar-dhealaichte
3 taic f. Pupils whose difficulties are so pronounced and complex as to require significant additional provision, clann aig a bheil duilgheadasan cho follaiseach agus cho ioma-fhillte agus gu bheil feum aca air tomhas mòr de thaice a bharrachd
4 ullachadh m, gen ullachaidh
5 expressed with obair f, gen obrach. In particular areas of provision, ann an raointean obrach sònraichte
6 expressed with foghlam m, gen foghlaim. We gave support to the parents who have children in Gaelic medium provision, who can often feel very isolated, thug sinn taic do na pàrantan aig a bheil clann ann am foghlam tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig, a bhitheas gu tric a’ faireachdainn glè aonaranach
7 expressed with na thàtar a’ cur air adhart. A review of the provision made in each school, breithneachadh air na thàtar a’ cur air adhart anns gach sgoil
8 (a) expressed with na thàtar a’ tairgse. Each of the following issues relating to provision for particular pupils, gach cùis a leanas, a’ buntainn ris na thàtar a’ tairgse do phàistean sònraichte
(b) expressed with a chur an tairgse. Some pupils will have difficulties that may require the provision of alternative means of communication, bidh duilgheadasan aig cuid a dh’fheumas, ’s dòcha, modhan conaltraidh seach an àbhaist a chur nan tairgse
9 expressed with na tha riatanach a. Sustaining the growth of Gaelic has implications for the provision of Gaelic, tha ceangal dlùth eadar cothrom fàis don Ghàidhlig agus na tha riatanach do dh’fhoghlam na Gàidhlig
10 expressed with a bhith a’ toirt do. This can be aided by the provision of printed words, faodar cuideachadh le seo le bhith a’ toirt dhaibh fhaclan ann an clò
11 not directly expressed. And by expanded provision for broadcasting, agus tha leudachadh air a thighinn air craoladh. By teachers and others concerned with provision for education, le tidsearan agus le feadhainn eile a tha an lùib foghlaim. According to the particular requirements of pupils in a variety of forms of educational provision, a rèir nam feuman fa leth aig cloinn ann an caochladh sheòrsachan foghlaim
provoke v tr cuir thuige, vn cur thuige
provost n probhaist m, pl probhaistean
prow n toiseach m, gen toisich, pl toisichean. In the prow of the boat, ann an toiseach a’ bhàta
proximity n fagasachd f
in proximity to prep phr an dlùth dhàimh ri. Though talking and listening often occur in proximity to each other, ged a bhitheas labhairt agus èisteachd a’ dol air adhart gu tric an dlùth dhàimh ri chèile
prune v tr beàrr, vn bearradh m
psycholinguistics n sìce-chànanachas m, gen sìce-chànanachais
psychology n 1 eòlas-inntinn m, gen eòlais-inntinn
2 sìc-eòlas m, gen sìc-eòlais
puberty n 1 inbhidheachd f
2 expressed with àm na h-inbhidheachd
public a 1 poblach, comp poblaiche. Public telephone, fòn poblach. Public buildings, togalaichean poblach. A public inquiry, rannsachadh poblach
2 follaiseach, comp follaisiche. Public Enquiry, Rannasachadh Follaiseach
public convenience n phr 1 goireasan m pl
2 taigh m beag, gen taighe bhig
public house n phr taigh-seinnse m, gen taigh-sheinnse, pl taighean-seinnse
public relations n phr caidreabh m pobaill, gen caidreibh phobaill
public telephone n phr fòn m poblach, pl fònaichean poblach
public transport n phr còmhdhail f phoblach, gen còmhdhalach poblaich. If public transport is used children must sit in forward-facing seats only, ma thèid còmhdhail phoblach a chur am feum, feumaidh a’ chlann suidhe a-mhàin ann an suidheachain a tha a’ coimhead chon an toisich
publication n foillseachadh m, gen foillseachaidh, pl foillseachaidhean. This enables pupils to engage in the processes of editing and publication, tha seo a’ toirt comais do chloinn a dhol an sàs ann an ceumannan eagrachaidh agus foillseachaidh
publicity n follaiseachd f
publish v tr 1 foillsich, vn foillseachadh m. If pupils are given regular opportunities to publish and display completed work, ma tha a’ chlann a’ faotainn cothroim gu cunbhalach a bhith a’ foillseachadh agus a’ taisbeanadh obair chrìochnaichte
2 cuir an clò
publishing n foillseachadh m, gen foillseachaidh. Especially with desktop publishing, gu h-àraidh le foillseachadh mullach-deasca
publisher n foillsichear m, gen foillsicheir, pl foillsichearan
puff n 1 puth m, pl puthan. A puff of wind, puth gaoithe
2 siabag f, gen siabaig, pl siabagan
puffin n buthaid f, pl buthaidean
pulley n ulag f, gen ulaig, pl ulagan
pulley wheel n phr 1 cuibhle f ulaig, pl cuibhleachan ulaig
2 roithlean m, gen roithlein, pl roithleanan
pulp n 1 laodhan m, gen & pl laodhain
2 cothan m, gen & pl cothain
pulp v tr dèan laodhan de, vn dèanamh laodhain de
pulse n buille-chridhe f, also buille-chuisle f
pumice n sligeart m; sliogart m
pump v tr pump, vn pumpadh m
pun n 1 geàrr-fhacal m
2 cainnt-chluich f
punctuate v tr pung, vn pungadh. Punctuate many sentences accurately, a’ pungadh mòran sheantansan gu dòigheil. Construct, punctuate and link sentences, a’ cur ri chèile, a’ pungadh agus a’ ceangal sheantansan. Some of the main ways in which sentences are constructed and punctuated, cuid de na prìomh dhòighean air seantansan a dheilbh agus a phungadh
punctuation n pungadh m, gen pungaidh. Punctuation and structure, pungadh agus rian, also pungadh agus cumadh. Writing fluently and with accurate spelling and punctuation, a bhith a’ sgrìobhadh gu fileanta, le litreachadh agus pungadh a tha dòigheil cothromach. They will pay careful attention to punctuation and structure, bidh iad a’ toirt deagh aire do phungadh agus do structar. The teacher should focus on punctuation in the final draft, tha còir aig an tidsear aire thoirt do phungadh na dreachd mu dheireadh. Pupils will develop confidence in the manipulation of punctuation, bidh a’ chlann a’ fàs nas misneachaile ann a bhith a’ làimhseachadh pungaidh
punishment n peanasachadh m, gen peanasachaidh, pl peanasachaidhean. The group operates a policy of no physical punishment, tha a’ bhuidheann a’ cur an gnìomh poileasaidh nach bi peanasachadh corporra ann
pupil n 1 sgoilear m, pl sgoilearan. To pupils aged 5-14, do sgoilearan aois 5-14. Including the assessment of achievements to be shared with the pupil, colleagues and parents, agus sin a’ gabhail a-staigh measadh air na thàtar a’ toirt gu buil, rud a bhithear a’ co-phàirteachadh ris an sgoilear fhèin, ri tidsearan eile agus ri pàrantan. Pupils will listen individually and in groups, bidh sgoilearan ag èisteachd an dà chuid fa leth agus nam buidhnean
2 pàist f, pl pàistean. It will be essential that the pupil or pupils work with other classmates, bidh e do-sheachnaichte gum bi am pàiste no na pàistean ag obair còmhla ri càch anns a’ chlas. The criteria are simply the grounds on which a judgement is going to be made about the pupil’s performance on a task, chan eil na comharraidhean ach dìreach airson breithneachadh a dhèanamh air mar a nì pàiste ann an gnìomh. Individual pupils, pàistean fa leth. relating to provision for particular pupils or groups of pupils, a’ buntainn ris na thàtar a’ tairgse do phàistean sònraichte no do bhuidhnean phàistean. After drafting, pupils can mark possible errors, an dèidh dha dreachdadh a dhèanamh faodaidh am pàiste comharraidhean a chur far am faodadh mearachdan a bhith
3 pàiste-sgoile m. It is the right of every pupil to have full access to all the resources of Gaelic, Tha còir aig a h-uile pàiste-sgoile làn chothrom a bhith aige air goireasan na Gàidhlig air fad
4 expressed by clann f, gen chloinne. Pupils with special needs, clann le feuman sònraichte. Pupil tastes and choice will be developed by discussion, gheibh roghainnean agus taghadh chloinne cothrom fàis le beachdachadh
5 expressed with a’ chlann. That the pupil can employ a fluent style of hand-writing, gum bi a’ chlann a’ cleachdadh stoidhle shiùbhlach làmh-sgrìobhaidh. Pupils will regularly listen to good stories, bidh a’ chlann ag èisteachd gu cunbhalach ri deagh stòiridhean. For recording pupils’ progress, gus adhartas na cloinne a chlàradh. All pupils, a’ chlann air fad. To develop in all pupils a range of positive attitudes, caochladh bheachdan fallain àrach anns a’ chloinn air fad
pupil mod 1 chloinne. The school will respond positively to these very different pupil backgrounds, bidh an sgoil a’ gabhail gu taiceil, seasmhach ris na seòrsachan àrainneachd chloinne seo a tha cho fìor eadar-dhealaichte
2 na cloinne. Materials geared to the appropriate levels of pupil attainment, stuthan a tha ann an dàimh ri ìrean freagarrach na cloinne a thaobh coileanaidh
pupil (of eye) n 1 fradharcan m, gen fradharcain
2 dubh m (na sùla), gen duibh, pl dubhan
puppet n 1 fear-fuadain m, gen & pl fir-fuadain
2 fear-bhrèige m, gen & pl fir-bhrèige
3 pupaid f, pl pupaidean
puppetry n 1 cleachd f fir-fuadain. To respond through taping or puppetry, a bhith a’ freagairt tro chlàradh air teip no tro chleachd fir-fuadain
2 expressed with ag obair le fir-fuadain. While involved in making models, puppetry, etc., fhad ’s a tha iad an sàs a’ dèanamh mhodailean, ag obair le fir-fuadain, agus mar sin
purchase v tr ceannaich, vn ceannach m
purchaser n neach-ceannaich m, gen neach-cheannaich, pl luchd-ceannaich. Names and addresses of purchasers must be clearly written on each ticket stub, feumaidh ainm agus seòladh an luchd-ceannaich a bhi sgrìobhte gu soilleir air gach sàil tiocaide
pure a fìor-ghlan. Pure water, uisge fìor-ghlan
purely adv expressed with a-mhàin. The teacher can allow time for reading purely for enjoyment, faodaidh an tidsear ùine thoirt airson a bhith a’ leughadh airson toileachaidh a-mhàin. Teachers will take pupils beyond purely literal responses, bheir na tidsearan a’ chlann thar fhreagairt a tha litireil a-mhàin
purify v tr glan, vn glanadh m. The gland of the body which purifies the blood, fàireag na bodhaige a ghlanas an fhuil
purpose n 1 adhbhar m, gen adhbhair, pl adhbhair and adhbhairean. A sense of purpose and audience gives greater control, tha mothachadh air adhbhar ’s air luchd-amais a’ toirt barrachd smachd. For a variety of purposes, airson caochladh adhbhair. The purposes for which they are normally used, na h-adhbhair air an cur gu feum anns a’ chumantas. For the following purposes, airson nan adhbhar a leanas. Pupils will read to find and handle information for a range of purposes, bidh sgoilearan a’ leughadh ach an lorg ’s an làimhsich iad fiosrachadh air sreath adhbhairean
2 amas m, gen amais, pl amasan. According to the purpose of the narrator, a rèir amas an sgrìobhaiche
3 expressed with coilean amas, vn coileanadh amais. They may also have a heightened sense of writing and talking for genuine purposes, faodaidh iad cuideachd am barrachd tuigse fhaotainn air a bhith a’ sgrìobhadh agus a’ labhairt gus fìor amasan a choileanadh
4 expressed with adhbhar-sgrìobhaidh m, gen adhbhair-sgrìobhaidh. Word processing creates a sense of audience and purpose, tha dealbh-sgrìobhaidh a’ cruthachadh mothachaidh air luchd-amais agus air adhbhar-sgrìobhaidh
5 feumalachd f, pl feumalachdan. Water demand continues to increase, both for domestic purposes and for industry, tha an t-iarraidh air uisge a’ sìor dhol am meud, an dà chuid a thaobh feumalachdan taighe agus ann an gnìomhachas
6 not directly expressed. To surmise its usefulness for their purpose, gus tuairmse a thoirt air dè cho feumail ’s a bhitheas e dhaibh
for the purpose (of), for purposes of prep phr 1 mar adhbhar. Their suitability for assessment purposes will vary according to the year stage at which they are used, bidh am freagarrachd mar adhbhair measaidh a rèir ’s dè a’ bhliadhna anns am bithear gan cleachdadh
2 (a) expressed with gus. They may use reading tests for diagnostic purposes, faodaidh iad deuchainnean leughaidh a chleachdadh gus ròs fhaighinn air trioblaidean
(b) expressed with gus … a chur air adhart. For the purposes of a piece of personal research, gus rannsachadh pearsanta a chur air adhart
3 air sgàth (plus gen). They are separable for educational purposes, gabhaidh iad sgaradh air sgàth foghlaim
4 a chum (plus gen). He came for the purpose of seeing us, thàinig e a chum ar faicinn
the purpose of n phr expressed with as adhbhar do. The purpose of assessment tasks such as these is to obtain information, ’s e as adhbhar do an leithid seo de ghnìomhan measaidh a bhith a’ faotainn fiosrachaidh
to this purpose adv phr a chum an adhbhair seo. To this purpose social work will consult with relevant departments, a chum an adhbhair seo nì roinn na h-obrach sòisealta co-bhreithneachadh le roinnean iomchaidh eile
purposeful a 1 gnothaicheil
2 expressed with gu gnothaicheil. This will enable free and purposeful talk, bheir seo cothrom don chloinn a bhith a’ labhairt gu saor agus gu gnothaicheil
3 expressed with adhbhar m, gen adhbhair. These components are assessed within a unified context, making the assessment meaningful and purposeful, tha na roinnean seo gam measadh ann an suidheachadh aonaichte, agus tha seo a’ cur brìgh agus adhbhair anns a’ mheasadh
pursue v tr rach an sàs ann, vn dol an sàs ann. So that they can pursue research, gus an tèid aca air a dhol an sàs ann an rannsachadh
pursuit n 1 ruaig f
2 expressed with rach an sàs ann
pus n 1 iongar m, gen iongair, iongarach
2 brachadh m, gen brachaidh
push v tr 1 put, vn putadh
2 brùth, vn bruthadh m. Push the button, brùth am putan
put v tr cuir, vn cur m. It will be important that the pupil should not be put under stress, bidh e cudthromach nach cuirear ro-uallach air a’ phàiste
put to use v phr dèan feum de, vn dèanamh feum de. There will be a corresponding need for listeners to be more aware of the uses to which the listening is to be put, an co-cheangal ri seo feumaidh luchd-èisteachd barrachd mothachaidh a bhith aca air na feuman a thàtar a’ dol a dhèanamh den èisteachd
putrefaction n brèine f
putrid a breun, comp breine
puzzle n 1 tòimhseachan m, gen & pl tòimhseachain
2 aincheist m
crossword puzzle n phr tòimhseachan-tarsainn m, gen & pl tòimhseachain-tarsainn
jigsaw puzzle n phr mìrean-measgaichte f pl
pyramid n biorramaid f, pl biorramaidean
pyramidal, pyramidical a biorramaideach. A pyramidical peak, stùc bhiorramaideach. Pyramidal bugle, glasair-choille bhiorramaideach
• pioramaideach. A pyramidical peak, stùc phioramaideach
Q
quadrant n ceathramh m, gen ceathraimh, pl ceathramhan, ceathramhnan
quadriceps n fèith f cheithir-cheàrnach, gen fèithe ceithir-cheàrnaich
quadrilateral n ceithir-cheàrnach m, gen & pl ceithir-cheàrnaich
quagmire n sùil-chruthaich f, pl sùilean-cruthaich
qualification n barrantas m, gen barrantais, pl barrantasan. Additional Teaching Qualification, Barrantas Teagaisg a Bharrachd
quality n 1 maitheas m, gen maitheis. Word processing improves the quality of pupils’ writing, tha dealbh-sgrìobhadh a’ cur ri maitheas sgrìobhadh chloinne
2 feart m, gen feairt, pl feartan
3 expressed with de fhèin. They should consider whether the text is of good quality, tha còir aca beachdachadh air co-dhiùbh a tha an teacsa math dheth fhèin
4 expressed with de gach seòrsa. In poetry writing imitation of specific forms and sound qualities can be demonstrated and explored, ann an sgrìobhadh bàrdachd faodar atharrais air modhan sònraichte agus fuaimean de gach seòrsa a thaisbeanadh agus a rannsachadh
5 not directly expressed. Teachers should provide a wide range of picture, story and informational texts which are of good quality, tha còir aig tidsearan teacsaichean math de iomadh seòrsa, le dealbhan is stòiridhean is fiosrachadh, a thoirt don chloinn
quality time n phr ùine f bhuadhail, gen ùine buadhail. Spending quality time with their children, a’ cur seachadh ùine bhuadhail còmhla rin cloinn
quantitative a àireamhachail
quantity n 1 uimhir f
2 (eg on order form) àireamh f, gen àireimh, pl àireamhan
quarrel n aimhreit f, gen aimhreite, pl aimhreitean
quarrelsome a aimhreiteach
quarry n cuaraidh m, pl cuaraidhean. Gravel quarry, cuaraidh grinneil
quarry v tr expressed with coisinn (clach), vn cosnadh m. The outcrop of rock has probably been quarried to supply stone for the buildings in this immediate area, bidh e coltach gun deach clach a chosnadh bhon chreagan do na togalaichean a tha suidhichte faisg air làimh
quarter n cairteal m, gen cairteil, pl cairtealan
winter quarters n phr cairtealan m pl geamhraidh
quarter v tr 1 dèan cairtealan de, vn dèanamh chairtealan de
2 cuir air cairtealan, vn cur air cairtealan
quarterly (magazine) n ràitheachan m, gen & pl ràitheachain
quartz n 1 clach-èiteig f, gen cloich-èiteig
2 èiteag f, gen èiteig
quasar n cuasar m, gen cuasair, pl cuasaran
quaternary a ceithreacha
quaternary industry n phr ceithreacha gnìomhachas m, gen & pl ceithreacha gnìomhachais
• gnìomhachas m ceathramh ìre, gen & pl gnìomhachais m cheathramh ìre
quatrain n ceathramh m, gen ceathraimh, pl ceathramhnan
half quatrain n phr leth-cheathramh m, gen leth-cheathraimh, pl leth-cheathramhnan. The first line of each half quatrain ends with penultimate stress, tha a’ chiad sreath de gach leth-cheathramh a’ crìochnachadh le cudthrom leth-dheireannach. The last word in the first line of each half quatrain makes an aicill rhyme with a word inside the second line of the half quatrain, tha am facal mu dheireadh anns a’ chiad sreath de gach leth-cheathramh a’ dèanamh comhardaidh aicill ri facal ann am broinn an dàrna sreath anns an leth-cheathramh
quay n cidhe m, pl cidheachan
queen n 1 bànrigh f, gen bànrighe, pl bànrighrean
2 bànrighinn f, pl bànrighinnean
quench v tr bàth, vn bàthadh m
quern n brà f, pl bràthan
question n ceist f, pl ceistean. They will learn to ask questions appropriately, ionnsaichidh iad ceistean a chur ann an dòigh iomchaidh
question mark n phr comharradh-ceiste m, gen comharraidh-cheiste, pl comharraidhean-ceiste. Including simple use of commas and question-marks, le cleachdadh sìmplidh air cromagan agus comharraidhean-ceiste
question v tr 1 cuir ceistean, vn cur cheistean or cur cheist. Respond relevantly by questioning, a’ freagairt gu h-iomchaidh le bhith a’ cur cheistean. With opportunities to discuss and question, le cothrom air a bhith a’ beachdachadh agus a’ cur cheist. Teachers will question pertinently, bidh tidsearan a’ cur cheistean iomchaidh. Pupils are expected to question and answer relevantly, thàtar a’ sùileachadh gum bi a’ chlann a’ cur ’s a’ freagairt cheist gu h-iomchaidh
2 cuir ceistean air, vn cur cheistean air or cur cheist air. The teacher should question the pupils about their expectations, tha còir aig an tidsear ceistean a chur air a’ chloinn mu na tha iad a’ sùileachadh
3 ceasnaich, vn ceasnachadh m. In questioning the nature of the text, ann a bhith a’ ceasnachadh nàdar an teacsa
4 ceasnaich air, vn ceasnachadh m air. It is important for pupils to “question” the information source, tha e cudthromach gum bi a’ chlann a’ “ceasnachadh” air an teacsa fiosrachaidh
questioning n 1 ceasnachadh m, gen ceasnachaidh. Questioning should lead pupils to evaluate, tha còir aig ceasnachadh a’ chlann a stiùireadh gu bhith a’ measadh. Using appropriate questioning to help them make inferences, a’ cleachdadh ceasnachaidh iomchaidh airson an cuideachadh gus tuairmsean a dhèanamh
2 expressed with le bhith a’ cur cheistean or cheist. Teachers should extend talk by questioning, is còir do thidsearan a bhith a’ leudachadh air labhairt le bhith a’ cur cheistean. Teachers will help pupils select and draft what they wish to say by questioning, cuidichidh na tidsearan a’ chlann gu bhith a’ taghadh agus a’ dreachdadh na tha iad a’ miannachadh innse le bhith a’ cur cheist
quick a 1 luath. Show that they can use at least the following terms : quick, clear, voice, a’ nochdadh gun cuir iad gu feum, air a’ char as lugha, na faclan a leanas : luath, soilleir, guth
2 aithghearr, comp aithghearra, aithghiorra
quickly a (gu) luath. Teachers will ensure that pupils acquire fluency as quickly as possible, bidh tidsearan a’ dèanamh cinnteach gu bheil a’ chlann a’ tighinn gu fileantachd cho luath ’s a ghabhas. Speaking too quickly, labhairt ro luath
quicken v tr beothaich, vn beothachadh m
quicksilver n airgead-beò m, gen airgid-bheò
quiet a 1 sìtheil
2 socair
quietly adv 1 gu socair
2 expressed with gu socair plus ’s gun a bhith a’ cur casg. Pupils will be encouraged to sit comfortably and quietly so that they can pick up the message, bi a’ chlann air am misneachadh gu suidhe gu cofhartail agus gu socair, gu aghaidh a chur air an àite às a bheil an teachdaireachd a’ tighinn ’s gun a bhith a’ cur casg
quilt n 1 cuibhrig-trom m, gen cuibhrig-thruim, pl cuibhrigean-troma
2 tult m, pl tultaichean
quite adv gu math. They are still quite distinct from the opening sections of informational texts, tha iad fhathast gu math eadar-dhealaichte ris na paragrafan tòiseachaidh ann an teacsaichean fiosrachaidh. A cognitive grasp of quite sophisticated ideas and linguistic concepts, greim agus tuigse air bun-bheachdan agus air bun-smuaintean cànain a tha gu math adhartach
quiver n (archery) balg-shaighead m, gen & pl builg-shaighead
quota n cuota m, pl cuotathan
• cudthrom-ceadaichte m, gen cudthroim-cheadaichte, pl cudthroman-ceadaichte
quotation n 1 às-aithris f, pl às-aithrisean
2 expressed with pìos air a thogail à
quotation marks n phr 1 cromagan f pl turrach
2 comharraidhean-labhairt m pl
quote v tr 1 aithris, vn aithris f
2 thoir mar ùghdarras, vn toirt mar ùghdarras
3 expressed with tog à, vn togail à
quotient n roinn-àireamh f, gen roinn-àireimh, pl roinn-àireamhan
R
Raasay pr n Ratharsaigh; Ratharsair
rabbit n 1 coineanach m, gen & pl coineanaich
2 rabaid f, pl rabaidean
race n (running) rèis f, pl rèisean. The great balloon race, rèis mhòr nam balùn
race n cineal m, gen & pl cineil; gineal m, gen & pl gineil
racial a 1 (a) cinealtach
(b) cinealtais. Racial discrimination, lethbhreith chinealtais. Racial tension, frionas cinealtais
2 anaiteamach
racism, racialism n 1 cinealtas m, gen cinealtais
2 anaiteamas m, gen anaiteamais
racist, racialist n 1 cinealtach m, gen & pl cinealtaich
2 anaiteamach m, gen & pl anaiteamaich
radar n reudar m, ràdar m
radiant a deàlrach. Radiant heat, teas deàlrach
radiate v i lìonsgar, vn lìonsgaradh m. From that vantage point the study of language and culture should radiate outwards, bu choir oideachadh na cànain agus an dualchais lìonsgaradh a-mach on t-suidheachadh bhuannachdail sin
radiator n rèididheator m, gen rèididheatoir, pl rèididheatoran
radical a 1 (grammar) bunasach. Radical case, tuiseal bunasach. The dative form of this feminine word has taken the place of the radical case in this dialect, tha an riochd tabhartach den fhacal bhoireanta seo air àite an tuiseil bhunasaich a ghabhail anns an dualchainnt a tha ann
2 expressed with gu tur. While there is unlikely to be a radical departure from existing practice, ged nach eil dùil gum bi na dòighean-obrach a tha a’ dol an ceartuair gan atharrachadh gu tur
radio n rèidio m, pl rèidiothan. Listening to radio, ag èisteachd ris an rèidio. A radio mast, crann rèidio
radio mod rèidio. Radio mast, crann rèidio. Radio scripts, sgriobtaichean rèidio. The teacher will help pupils make notes on a radio or TV programme, cuidichidh an tidsear a’ chlann gus notaichean a dhèanamh air prògram rèidio no telebhisein
radio set n phr rèidio m, pl rèidiothan. Access to equipment such as radio and television sets, cothrom air uidheam mar tha rèidio is telebhisean
radio telephone system n phr siostam m rèidio-teleafon
radioactive a rèidio-beò
radioactivity n rèididheachd-bheò f
radius n radius m
raft n ràth m, pl ràthan
rafter n cabar m, gen cabair. The rafters rested on the outer wall to form a conical structure, bha na cabair nan laighe air taobh a-muigh a’ bhaile, rud a dhèanadh structar cònach
rag n luideag f, gen luideig, pl luideagan
rage n boile f
raid n 1 ruaig f, pl ruaigean
2 creach f, gen creiche, pl creachan
3 ruathar m, gen ruathair, pl ruatharan
air raid n phr ruathar-adhair m, pl ruatharan-adhair
air raid mod ruathair-adhair
raider n creachadair m, pl creachdairean. Raiders from the sea may have destroyed the settlement, dh’fhaodadh e bhith gun d’rinn creachadairean bhon mhuir an t-àite-tuineachaidh a sgrios
rail n rèile f
rail mod rèile. Rail service, seirbheis rèile
railway n 1 rèile f
2 rathad-iarainn m, gen rathaid-iarainn
railway siding n phr taobh-rèile f, pl taobh-rèilichean
rain n uisge. I hate cycling to work in the rain, tha gràin agam air a bhith a’ dol gu m’ obair air a’ bhaidhsagal anns an uisge. She is pleased because the rain will water the flowers, tha i air a dòigh a chionn ’s gu bheil na dìthein a’ faighinn an uisge
2 (a) sileadh m, gen silidh
(b) sileadh m uisge, gen silidh uisge
acid rain n phr sileadh uisge m searbhagach, gen silidh uisge shearbhagaich
rain gauge n phr tomhas silidh m, gen tomhais shilidh, pl tomhasan silidh
rain shadow n phr faileas-silidh m, gen faileis-shilidh, pl faileasan-silidh
• faileas-uisge m, gen faileis-uisge, pl faileasan-uisge
rain water n phr uisge m silidh, gen uisge shilidh
rain v i 1 (a) bi ag uisge. It is raining heavily, tha e ag uisge trom
(b) expressed with le uisge. She did not mind the days when it rained, cha robh na làithean le uisge a’ cur dragh oirre
2 (science) sil, vn sileadh m
rainbow n bogha-froise m, gen bogha-fhroise, pl boghachan-froise. The colours of the rainbow are violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange, and red, ’s iad dathan a’ bhogha-fhroise liath or bàn-phurpaidh, gorm-liath or guirmeanach, gorm, buidhe-ghorm or uaine, buidhe, dearg-bhuidhe or orains, agus dearg
raincoat n còta-froise m, gen còta-fhroise, pl còtaichean-froise
raindrop n phr boinne m (uisge), pl boinnean (uisge)
rainfall n 1 uisge m. Relief rainfall, uisge tìr-chumach
2 (a) sileadh m. Evaporation, rainfall, and the run-off of water through rivers, deatachadh, sileadh, agus ruith-dheth an uisge tro aibhnichean
(b) sileadh m uisge, gen silidh uisge
rainforest n coille-uisge f, pl coilltean-uisge
raise v tr 1 tog, vn togail. To offer alternatives and raise issues, roghainnean a chur an cèill agus puingean a thogail. In order to analyse issues raised in discussion, gus cùisean a sgaradh a chaidh a thogail rè beachdachaidh
2 àrdaich, vn àrdachadh m
rally v tr ath-bhrosnaich, vn ath-bhrosnachadh m
rampart n 1 balla m, pl ballachan
2 bàbhan m, gen bàbhain, pl bàbhanan
rampion, round-headed n (Phyteuma orbiculare) raipean m ceann-chruinn, gen raipein cheann-chruinn
rampion, spiked n (Phyteuma spicatum) raipean m spìceach, gen raipein spìcich
ranch n rainse f, pl rainseachan
ranch v i
ranching n rainseachadh m, gen rainseachaidh
rancid a breun. The oil becomes rancid on exposure to the air, fàsaidh an ola breun ’s i nochdte ris an èadhar
range n 1 expressed with caochladh m. In a range of contexts, ann an caochladh shuidhichidhean. From a range of informational and reference sources, o chaochladh ghoireasan-fiosrachaidh. To develop in all pupils a range of positive attitudes, caochladh bheachdan fallain àrach anns a’ chloinn air fad. Ensure that pupils encounter a range of teaching styles, dèanamh cinnteach gum fiosraich a’ chlann caochladh dhòighean teagaisg. The development of a range of positive attitudes and opportunities for personal development, fàs ga thoirt air caochladh bheachdan neartmhor agus air cothroman fàis phearsanta. The following ranges of activities might be undertaken in each of the outcomes, dh’fhaoidte caochladh ghnìomhan, mar a leanas, a ghabhail os làimh anns gach aon de na builean
2 expressed with caochladh sheòrsachan. To accommodate a greater range and variety of experiences, gus cothrom a thoirt do bharrachd fhiosraichidhean de chaochladh sheòrsachan. Gaelic caters for pupils from a range of home and cultural backgrounds, tha a’ Ghàidhlig a’ gabhail ri cloinn à caochladh sheòrsachan dachaigh is dualchais. Texts with a range of subject matter, teacsaichean air caochladh sheòrsachan cuspair. Pupils will encounter a range of dialects and accents, bidh a’ chlann a’ coinneachadh ri caochladh sheòrsachan dualchainnt agus blas
3 seòrsachan. The range of group activities will now include structured situations, bidh na seòrsachan ghnìomhan a thàtar a’ dèanamh ann am buidhnean a-nis a’ gabhail a-staigh suidhichidhean òrdaichte. As the range of texts increases, mar a tha seòrsachan theacsaichean a’ dol am meud. The range of topics, social contexts and language will become more extensive, bidh na seòrsachan a tha ann de chuspairean, de shuidhichidhean sòisealta agus de chainnt a’ dol am meud
4 expressed with gach seòrsa. More differentiated targets which will accommodate the range of experiences of Gaelic, cuimsean nas eadar-dhealaichte a ghabhas a-steach gach seòrsa fiosrachaidh air a’ Ghàidhlig
5 expressed with iomadh seòrsa. Listen to a range of stories, ag èisteachd ri iomadh seòrsa de stòiridhean
6 expressed with an iomadalachd. It is through talk that the pupil makes sense of the range of ideas in the curriculum, is ann tro labhairt a bheir am pàiste brìgh às an iomadalachd thùs-bheachdan a tha anns a’ chlàr-theagaisg sin
7 sreath f, gen sreatha, pl sreathan. A range of mountains, sreath bheanntaichean. To communicate on a range of topics, co-luadar a dhèanamh air sreath chuspairean. That teachers have access to an appropriate range of resources, gu bheil cothrom aig tidsearan air sreath iomchaidh de ghoireasan. Pupils will read to find and handle information for a range of purposes, bidh sgoilearan a’ leughadh ach an lorg ’s an làimhsich iad fiosrachadh air sreath adhbhairean. There must be early exposure of pupils to a wide range of stories, feumar a’ chlann a chur gu tràth an lùib sreath fharsaing de stòiridhean. The flat land by the river supports a range of grassland species, gheibhear san talamh-chòmhnard mun abhainn sreath de ghnèithean lusraich a bhuineas do thalamh-feòir
8 àireamh f. To provide a wider range of situations and contexts, gus àireamh nas motha de shuidhichidhean a chur an tairgse na cloinne
9 expressed with comas m. Teachers will offer knowledge about language when it is likely to help pupils extend their linguistic range, Bithidh tidsearan a’ tairgse eòlais air cànain an uair a tha coltas ann gun cuidich sin a’ chlann gus an comas-cànain a leudachadh
10 (maths, physics) raon m, gen raoin, pl raointean. A large temperature range, raon teothachd mòr. The range of the function, raon a’ ghnìomha
11 expressed with na tha ann de or na bheil ann de. Practice in Gaelic medium schools varies, reflecting this range of language backgrounds, tha caochladh dhòighean a’ dol anns na sgoiltean Gàidhlig mar thoradh air na tha ann de sheòrsachan shuidhichidhean a thaobh cànain. An opportunity to benefit from the expanding range of Gaelic related jobs, cothrom fhaighinn air na tha ann de dh’obraichean co-cheangailte ris a’ Ghàidhlig agus iad a’ sìor dhol am meud. Even this brief list demonstrates the range and variety of activities possible within the study of mass media, tha eadhan an liosta goirid seo fhèin a’ nochdadh na bheil ann de chaochladh sheòrsachan obrach a dh’fhaodar a ghabhail os làimh ann a bhith a’ beachdachadh air na mòrmheadhain
12 expressed with na tha de sheòrsachan. Pupils will begin to appreciate linguistic diversity through the range of accents and dialects found in Gaelic and all other languages, tòisichidh clann air tuigsinn cho iomachruthach ’s a tha cànain leis na tha de sheòrsachan blas agus dualchainnt anns a’ Ghàidhlig agus anns gach cànain eile
13 not directly expressed. The teaching of Gaelic from P1 to B2, a unitary process with similar approaches across the age range, teagasg na Gàidhlig bho B1 gu A2, oir is obair aonaichte, leantainneach sin, le dòighean obrach den aon ghnè o aois gu aois. Teaching and learning in the classroom will involve pupils in a broader range of language activities, cuiridh teagasg agus ionnsachadh anns a’ chlas a’ chlann an sàs ann am barrachd ghnìomhan-cànain. In the middle and upper ranges of the 5-14 year group, aig an aois mheadhain agus an aois as àirde anns a’ bhuidhinn 5-14. The teacher will extend the range of listening texts, leudaichidh an tidsear air na teacsaichean èisteachd. Texts will have a broader range of language, bidh na teacsaichean nas leatha ann an cànain. The range of distinguishing features of texts should be extended, bu chòir leudachadh a dhèanamh air na nithean a tha a’ dealachadh theacsaichean. Poem and dictionary will be among the range of texts pupils encounter, bidh dàn agus faclair am measg nan teacsaichean a bhitheas a’ chlann a’ coinneachadh riutha. Such study might also form a basis for employment in the expanding range of media industries. Dh’fhaodadh a leithid seo de bheachdachadh a bhith na bunait airson dreuchd a ghabhail ann an gnìomhachais nam meadhan, a tha a’ sìor leudachadh
full range n phr expressed with a h-uile aon. As a general principle pupils should have the opportunity to participate in the full range of experiences offered by Gaelic, is prionnsabal coitcheann e gum bu chòir an cothrom a bhith aig cloinn a bhith a’ gabhail pàirt anns a h-uile aon fhiosrachadh a tha a’ Ghàidhlig a’ tairgse
increasing range n phr expressed with barrachd sheòrsachan. Pupils should encounter an increasing range of texts and linguistic concerns, tha còir gum bi a’ chlann a’ coinneachadh ri barrachd sheòrsachan theacsaichean agus chùisean cànain
wide range n phr 1 expressed with sreath f fharsaing. There must be early exposure of pupils to a wide range of stories, feumar a’ chlann a chur gu tràth an lùib sreath fharsaing de stòiridhean. The pre-school recognises the wide range of special needs of children and families in their community, tha an ro-sgoil a’ toirt àite don t-sreath fharsaing de dh’fheumalachdan sònraichte a tha aig cloinn agus aig teaghlaichean nan coimhearsnachd
2 expressed with caochladh m. Speakers and messages that employ a wide range of Gaelic language features, luchd-labhairt agus teachdairean a bhitheas a’ cleachdadh caochladh nithean a bhuineas don Ghàidhlig mar chànain
3 expressed with gach seòrsa. Talk about a wide range of stories, a’ labhairt mu stòiridhean de gach seòrsa
4 expressed with gach iomadh seòrsa. Across the wide range of talk situations, feadh gach iomadh seòrsa suidheachadh labhairt a tha ann
5 expressed with mòran sheòrsachan. Texts with a wide range of subject matter, teacsaichean air mòran sheòrsachan cuspair. Texts taken from a wide range of sources, teacsaichean a thugadh à mòran sheòrsachan màthair-uisge
6 expressed with de iomadh seòrsa. Teachers should provide a wide range of picture, story and informational texts, tha còir aig tidsearan teacsaichean de iomadh seòrsa, le dealbhan is stòiridhean is fiosrachadh, a thoirt don chloinn
widening range n phr expressed with as motha. As texts become more complex the teacher needs to deploy a widening range of techniques, mar as ioma-fhillte a tha teacsaichean a’ fàs, ’s ann as motha a dh’fheumas an tidsear a chleachdadh de dhòighean obrach
wider range n phr 1 expressed with barrachd. Pupils’ experience should be extended to a wider range of texts, bu chòir leudachadh air fiosrachadh na cloinne a dh’ionnsaigh barrachd theacsaichean. Pupils will use a wider range of research procedures, bidh a’ chlann a’ cleachdadh barrachd de dhòighean rannsachaidh
2 expressed with barrachd sheòrsachan. Poetry will encompass a wider range of styles, bidh bàrdachd a’ cuartachadh barrachd sheòrsachan stoidhle. In order to engage with a wider range of texts and genres, gus a dhol an greim ann am barrachd sheòrsachan theacsaichean agus ghnè
3 expressed with àireamh nas motha. To provide a wider range of situations and contexts, gus àireamh nas motha de shuidhichidhean a chur an tairgse na cloinne
widest range n phr expressed with gach uile seòrsa comais. Methods for making texts available to the widest range of pupils, dòighean air teacsaichean a chur an tairgse chloinne de gach uile seòrsa comais
range v i
ranging from … to prep phr 1 expressed with eadar … agus. Children from a variety of backgrounds, ranging from situations where Gaelic is the language of the home and the community to those where the school provides the main context in which Gaelic is encountered, clann o chaochladh àrainneachd eadar shuidhichidhean anns a bheil a’ Ghàidhlig mar chànain na dachaigh agus na coimhearsnachd, agus suidhichidhean anns a bheilear a’ coinneachadh ris a’ Ghàidhlig anns a’ mhòr earrainn san sgoil fhèin
2 expressed with de chaochladh seòrsa. Activities ranging from collaborative language tasks to group projects, gnìomhan de chaochladh seòrsa, bho obair cho-chuideachail cànain gu pròiseactan-buidhne
ranger n coimheadaiche m, pl coimheadaichean. Park Rangers, Coimheadaichean Pàirce
rapid a 1 luath, comp luaithe. It is likely that these pupils will make more rapid progress, bidh a h-uile coltas gun tig piseach nas luaithe air a’ chloinn seo
2 fìor … luath. It may also be an option to transfer a pupil making rapid progress from a Learners’ class to Gaelic Medium education, faodar cuideachd pàiste air a bheil fìor phiseach luath a ghluasad bho chlas Luchd-Ionnsachaidh gu foghlam tro Mheadhan na Gàidhlig
3 expressed with gu h-ealamh. By such means they get a rapid sense of the gist of any communication, tha iad anns an dòigh sin a’ faighinn tuigse gu h-ealamh air brìgh gach adhbhar-chonaltraidh
rapid current n phr buinne f, pl buinneachan
rapids n pl 1 uisgeachan m pl brasa
2 bras-shruth m, gen bras-shrutha
3 coineasan m pl. Salmon coming up the rapids, bradain a’ tighinn an àirde na coineasan
rare a 1 ainneamh
2 tearc
3 annasach, comp annasaiche
rarely adv expressed with neg plus ach ainneamh. In communities where Gaelic is rarely encountered, ann an coimhearsnachdan far nach fhaighear a’ Ghàidhlig ach ainneamh
rarity n annas, m, gen annais, pl annasan
rascal n bleigeard m, gen bleigeird, pl bleigeardan; or blaigeard m, gen blaigeird, pl blaigeardan
rash n broth m, gen brotha, pl brothan
having a rash a phr brothach
rash a bras, comp braise
rashness n braisead f, gen ibraiseid
ratchet n bac-fhiacal m, gen & pl baic-fhiacail
rate n 1 astar m, gen & pl astair. It is recognised that pupils will attain targets at different rates, gabhar ris gum bi clann a’ coileanadh chuimsean aig astar eadar-dhealaichte
2 ràta f, pl ràtaichean. Birth rate, ràta bhreith. The Bank rate, an ràta Bhanca
3 ìre f, gen ìrean. Calls will be charged at local rate, thèid cur mu choinneimh nam brathan-fòn aig ìre ionadail. The rate of inflation is low this year, tha ìre na h-atmhorachd ìosal am bliadhna. The rate of unemployment in the city is as high as any other area in Europe, tha an ìre dì-chosnaidh anns a’ bhaile cho àrd ri sgìre sam bith eile anns an Roinn-Eòrpa
rates n pl (tax on property) ràtaichean f pl. Paying the rates, a’ pàigheadh nan ràtaichean
rather adv 1 gu math. At that time Scotland enjoyed a rather warm, humid climate, aig an àm ud clìomaid gu math blàth, tais ann an Alba
2 caran. The prime minister had a rather peculiar text last night, ’s e ceann-teagaisg caran neònach a bha aig a’ phrìomhaire a-raoir
3 expressed with copula construction. Rather, it is the business of media education to explore the underlying reasons for all viewpoints, ’s e a tha fa-near do dh’oideachadh mu na meadhain, rannsachadh a dhèanamh air na tha a’ gluasad a h-uile beachd a tha ann
4 not directly expressed. But rather clarifying the aims and objectives for the whole class, ach a’ soilleireachadh chuimsean agus amasan don chlas air fad
rather than conj phr 1 an àite. Rather than through explanation in English, an àite a bhith a’ mìneachadh chùisean ann am Beurla
2 (a) agus chan ann. Rather than as “right/wrong” assignments, ’s chan ann mar iomairtean “ceart no ceàrr”. Pupils should be encouraged to develop from where they are, rather than having the gap exposed between their present attainments and some ideal level of performance, tha còir a’ chlann a mhisneachadh gu bhith a’ fàs às an t-suidheachadh anns a bheil iad, ’s chan ann a’ foillseachadh na beàrna eadar na thèid aca air a dhèanamh an-ceartuair agus ìre choileanaidh air choireigin as àirde tha ri fhaotainn. They are right in arguing that the overall aim should be facilitation rather than coercion, tha iad ceart ann a bhith ag agairt gur e bu chòir a bhith mar amas coitcheann ach an t-slighe a rèiteachadh, agus chan ann a cho-èigneachadh
(b) agus chan e. We should therefore try to help rather than hinder, feumaidh sinn mar sin feuchainn ri cuideachadh a dhèanamh agus chan e bacadh
ratio n co-mheas m, pl co-mheasan. The correct ratio of staff to children as recommended by the social work department must be provided, feumaidh an co-mheas ceart de luchd-obrach mu choinneimh cloinne a bhith ann mar a thèid moladh le roinn na h-obrach sòisealta
rationale n feallsanachd f. The rationale describes the main features of the Gaelic curriculum, tha an Fheallsanachd a’ toirt cunntais air na prìomh nithean a bhuineas do chlàr-teagaisg na Gàidhlig. On the outcomes identified in the Rationale, air na builean a chaidh a chomharrachadh anns an Fheallsanachd
rattle n gleadhran m, gen & pl gleadhrain
rattle v i 1 bi a’ glagadaich. The window is rattling with the wind, tha an uinneag a’ glagadaich leis a’ ghaoith
2 bi a’ bragail; or bi a’ bragadaich. The rain is rattling on the window, tha an t-uisge a’ bragadaich air an uinneig
rave v i breislich, vn breisleachadh im
ravine n 1 (a) clais f, pl claisean
(b) mòr-chlais f, gen mòr-chlaise, pl mòr-chlaisean
2 gil f, gen gile, pl gilean
(b) mòr-ghil f, gen mòr-ghile, pl mòr-ghilean
raw a amh, comp aimhe
raw materials n phr 1 bun-stuth m, pl bun-stuthan
2 stuth m amh
ray n gath m, pl gathan
reach v tr ruig, vn ruighinn. For most pupils this will be reached, ruigear seo anns a’ chuid mhòir de chloinn
react v i 1 expressed with gabh ri, vn gabhail m ri. Examining how the presentation of text can influence meaning and the ways that readers react, beachdachadh air a’ bhuaidh a bhitheas aig mar a chuirear teacsa an cèill air brìgh, agus air na dòighean anns am bi luchd-leughaidh a’ gabhail ris
2 expressed with buaidh f. The ways in which accent and dialect can cause listeners to react differently, na dòighean anns am faod buaidh eadar-dhealaichte a bhith aig blas agus dualchainnt air luchd-èisteachd
reaction n 1 expressed with tuigse f. Respond in a way that shows some reaction to one aspect of the text, a’ freagairt ann an dòigh a tha a’ nochdadh na h-uiread de thuigse air an teacsa
2 expressed with gabh gu ìre. Revealing some reaction to one aspect of the text, a’ nochdadh gu bheilear a’ gabhail gu ìre ri aon nì a bhuineas don teacsa
3 expressed with mar plus gabh ri. Reflect on what has been read and record personal reactions, a’ beachd-smuaineachadh air na chaidh a leughadh agus a’ clàradh mar a ghabhadh ris. The messenger has to take more account of the possible reactions of the listeners, feumaidh an teachdaire barrachd aire a thoirt do mar a dh’fhaodadh an luchd-èisteachd gabhail ris an teachdaireachd. Media education should help pupils to explore their own reactions to the mass media, bu chòir do dh’oideachadh anns na meadhain clann a chuideachadh gus rannsachadh a dhèanamh air mar a tha iad fhèin a’ gabhail ris na mòr mheadhain
4 beachd m, pl beachdan. By comparing their reactions to those of classmates, le bhith a’ coimeas am beachdan fhèin ri beachdan chàich anns a’ chlas. Pupils will describe personal experiences, feelings and reactions, bidh a’ chlann a’ toirt iomraidh air fiosrachaidhean is faireachdainnean is beachdan pearsanta
5 expressed with mar a tha … air gluasad. Pupils will develop ways of expressing their reactions to their experiences, bidh a’ chlann a’ togail dhòighean air cur an cèill mar a tha iad air an gluasad le an cuid fhiosraichidhean
6 (chemical) iom-obrachadh m, gen iom-obrachaidh, pl iom-obrachaidhean. Chemical reaction, iom-obrachadh ceimigeach
reactive a. Reactive hazards (i.e. of chemical), cunnartan iom-obrachaidh
reactor n reactar m, gen reactair, pl reactaran
read v tr 1 leugh, vn leughadh m. Pupils will read to find and handle information for a range of purposes, bidh sgoilearan a’ leughadh ach an lorg ’s an làimhsich iad fiosrachadh air sreath adhbhairean. They will also read, on occasion aloud, bidh iad cuideachd a’ leughadh, uairean os n-àird. Once a sufficient number of texts has been read to them, aon uair ’s gu bheil gu leòr de theacsaichean air an leughadh dhaibh. Such activities may also provide opportunities to explore texts they have read, tha iomairtean den t-seòrsa seo cuideachd a’ toirt cothroim a bhith a’ rannsachadh theacsaichean a leugh iad. Choices of texts to be heard or read, taghaidhean a thaobh theacsaichean a bhithear a’ cluinntinn no a’ leughadh. Reading and discussing texts with the teacher, pupils will be encouraged to produce a variety of different kinds of writing, le bhith a’ leughadh agus a’ beachdachadh air teacsaichean leis an tidsear, misnichear a’ chlann gus caochladh sheòrsachan sgrìobhaidh a thoirt gu buil
2 dèan leughadh, vn dèanamh leughaidh. As pupils begin to read more widely, mar a bhitheas a’ chlann a’ tòiseachadh air barrachd leughaidh a dhèanamh
reading n 1 (a) leughadh m, gen leughaidh. Reading for enjoyment, leughadh airson toileachaidh. Reading aloud should be an every-day class activity, tha còir aig leughadh a-mach a bhith a’ dol gu làitheil anns a’ chlas. The setting of a priming question before reading may help the pupil to express understanding in reading aloud, faodaidh ceist spreagaidh ron leughadh am pàiste a chuideachadh gus tuigse a chur an cèill ann an leughadh a-mach. With the need to develop the skills of reading and writing, mar a bhitheas feum air sgilean leughaidh agus sgrìobhaidh a thoirt air adhart. The teacher can encourage them to recommend texts for group and class reading, faodaidh an tidsear misneachadh a dhèanamh orra gus teacsaichean a mholadh airson an leughaidh ann am buidhnean no anns a’ chlas. Developing the skills of reading aloud, a’ toirt air adhart sgilean leughaidh a-mach
(b) expressed with a bhith a’ leughadh. The teacher can allow time for reading purely for enjoyment, faodaidh an tidsear ùine thoirt airson a bhith a’ leughadh airson toileachaidh a-mhàin. Pupils’ writing of poetry will be aided by their reading aloud, bidh a’ chlann air an cuideachadh ann a bhith a’ sgrìobhadh bàrdachd le bhith a’ leughadh a-mach. Poetry writing depends on wide experience of listening to and reading poems, tha sgrìobhadh bàrdachd an urra ri eòlas farsaing air a bhith ag èisteachd ri dàin agus gan leughadh
(c) expressed with na tha … a’ leughadh. They should discuss pupils’ reading with them, tha còir aca a bhith a’ beachdachadh còmhla ris a’ chloinn air na tha iad a’ leughadh
(d) expressed with leugh, vn leughadh m. The teacher can focus on texts before reading, faodaidh an tidsear a bhith a’ cuimseachadh air teacsaichean mus leughar
2 àireamh f, gen àireamh, pl àireamhan. The rain gauge readings are a useful indicator to water companies, tha na h-àireamhan a gheibhear bho na tomhasan-silidh nan comharradh feumail do chompanaidhean uisge
group reading n phr 1 leughadh-bhuidhnean m, gen leughaidh-bhuidhnean
2 leughadh m ann am buidhnean
reading mod leughaidh. Reading materials, stuthan-leughaidh. Good reading habits, deagh chleachdaidhean leughaidh. Giving individual reading interviews, a’ toirt agallamh leughaidh do phàistean fa leth
reading approach n phr dòigh-leughaidh f, pl dòighean-leughaidh. Pupils will be helped to adjust reading approaches to the different ways information is presented, cuidichear a’ chlann gu bhith ag atharrachadh dhòighean-leughaidh a rèir dhòighean eadar-dhealaichte anns a bheil fiosrachadh ga chur an cèill
reading programme n phr prògram-leughaidh m, pl prògraman-leughaidh
reading material n phr stuth-leughaidh m, pl stuthan-leughaidh
readability n 1 expressed with so-leughte. Learning how text can be organised for readability increases awareness of audience, a bhith ag ionnsachadh mar a ghabhas teacsa a chur air dòigh gus a dhèanamh so-leughte, cuiridh sin ri mothachadh air luchd-amais
2 expressed with furasta a leughadh. Teachers should give careful attention to the readability of all printed texts used, tha còir aig tidsearan làn aire a thoirt gu bheil gach teacsa clò-bhuailte a thàtar a’ cleachdadh furasta a leughadh
reader n 1 leughadair m, pl leughadairean. The response of audience will help the reader to review reading performance, bidh an dòigh anns an gabh an luchd-amais ris na chuideachadh don leughadair gu bhith a’ breithneachadh air na tha e ris
2 neach-leughaidh m, pl luchd-leughaidh m. Examining how the presentation of text can influence meaning and the ways that readers react, beachdachadh air a’ bhuaidh a bhitheas aig mar a chuirear teacsa an cèill air brìgh, agus air na dòighean anns am bi luchd-leughaidh a’ gabhail ris. Pupils will learn that capitals and full stops make the meaning clear to readers, bidh a’ chlann ag ionnsachadh gu bheil litrichean mòra agus puingean stad a’ soilleireachadh brìgh do luchd-leughaidh
3 expressed with ann an leughadh. As pupils become more confident readers and writers, mar a tha a’ chlann a’ fàs nas misneachaile ann an leughadh ’s ann an sgrìobhadh
readership n 1 luchd-leughaidh m. Pupils will write for a number of readerships, bidh a’ chlann a’ sgrìobhadh airson caochladh luchd-leughaidh
2 luchd-amais m. With degrees of formality that will depend on the writer’s familiarity with the target readership, aig ìrean foirmealachd a bhitheas a’ dol a-rèir ’s dè an t-eòlas a tha aig an sgrìobhadair air a luchd-amais. The combination of purpose, form and readership, adhbhar, cumadh agus luchd-amais, an co-bhonn ri chèile
readvance n (geology) ath-mheudachadh m, gen ath-mheudachaidh, pl ath-mheudachaidhean. This dates from a glacial event known as the Wester Ross readvance, buinidh seo do dh’àm an tachartais eigheadail ris an canar ath-mheudachadh Rois an Iar
ready a 1 deiseil
2 ullamh
get ready v phr deiseilich, vn deisealachadh m. Their beasts must be got ready better, feumar a bhith a’ deisealachadh am beothaichean nas fheàrr
readily adv 1 gu minig. Where it is used readily, far a bheilear ga cleachdadh gu minig
2 gu furasta. The policy should recognise that skills acquired in Gaelic may be expected to transfer readily to English, am poileasaidh ag aideachadh cuideachd gum faodar a bhith a’ sùileachadh gun gabh na sgilean a thogar sa Ghàidhlig an steidheachadh gu furasta anns a’ Bheurla. A daily register must be taken at the beginning of each session and be readily available throughout the session, feumar clàradh làitheil a ghabhail aig toiseach gach seisein agus a bhith ri fhaotainn gu furasta rè an t-seisein
3 gu saor. Talk readily to others, a’ labhairt gu saor ri feadhainn eile
4 gu deònach. Most pupils will respond readily to stories, gabhaidh a’ chuid mhòr de chloinn gu deònach ri stòiridhean
5 gu h-ealamh. Some pupils acquire the habits of recognition and categorisation readily, tha cuid de chloinn a thogas cleachdaidhean aithne agus seòrsaidh gu h-ealamh
6 expressed with deiseil a. A fully equipped first aid box should be readily available, is còir gum bi bocas ciad-fhuasglaidh làn uidheamaichte deiseil ri làimh
7 expressed with làn a, preceding n. Non-fiction should be readily available, tha còir làn chothrom a bhith ann air leabhraichean a thuilleadh air ficsean
readiness n expressed with gu bheil … deònach. They will show a readiness to talk, nochdaidh iad gu bheil iad deònach a bhith a’ còmhradh
real a 1 fìor. The emphasis should be on real communication, bu chòir cudthrom a bhith air fìor chonaltradh. Pupils will listen in order to convey real messages to another class or teacher, bidh a’ chlann ag èisteachd gus fiosan fìor a chur gu clas eile no gu tidsear eile. Through role-play or real situations, le bhith a’ dol an riochd eile no le bhith ann an suidhichidhean fìor. Many real opportunities for pupils to convey information, iomadach fìor chothrom do chloinn a bhith a’ cur fiosrachaidh an cèill. To ensure the very real progress that can be made within this one level, gus an t-adhartas — agus is fìor adhartas e — a ghabhas a dhèanamh aig an aon ìre seo a stèidheachadh gu cinnteach. They may also have a heightened sense of writing and talking for genuine purposes and for real and specific audiences, faodaidh iad cuideachd am barrachd tuigse fhaotainn air a bhith a’ sgrìobhadh agus a’ labhairt gus fìor amasan a choileanadh airson fìor luchd-amais fa leth
2 fìrinneach. With degrees of formality that will depend on the writer’s familiarity, which may be real or imaginary, with the target readership, aig ìrean foirmealachd a bhitheas a’ dol a-rèir ’s dè an t-eòlas —fìrinneach no mac-meanmnach — a tha aig an sgrìobhadair air a luchd-amais. Real letters will motivate best, ’s e litrichean fìrinneach as motha nì de ghluasad
3 dligheach. Pupils will benefit from working with real models of effective Gaelic, bithidh e feumail don chloinn a bhith ag obair le eisimpleirean dligheach de Ghàidhlig dhòigheil
4 da-rìreabh. Through practical activity in a real situation, tro obair ghnìomhaich ann an suidheachadh da-rìreabh. Pupils will use appropriate courtesy formulae in real situations, bidh a’ chlann a’ cleachdadh ràdhan modh ann an suidhichidhean da-rìreabh. From games or from real experience, bho gheamachan no bho nithean a chaidh fhiosrachadh da-rìreabh
5 ann an da-rìreabh. A basis for later work on how representations define and limit real lives and real communities, bunait do dh’obair a nithear a-rithist air mar a tha dòighean-riochdachaidh a’ seulachadh beatha dhaoine agus choimhearsnachdan a tha ann an da-rìreabh, agus a’ cur chrìochan umpa
real-life mod 1 expressed with anns an t-saoghal againn fhèin. Likewise, they can deal with real-life situations, thèid aca cuideachd air dèiligeadh ris na suidhichidhean anns an t-saoghal againn fhèin
2 expressed with anns an t-saoghal sa bheil … beò. They will write about matters which go beyond their real-life experiences, bidh iad a’ sgrìobhadh mu nithean a tha a’ dol thar am fiosrachaidh anns an t-saoghal sa bheil iad beò
realisation n tuigse f. Such developments have been matched by a realisation, tha leasachaidhean den t-seòrsa seo air a bhith ann an dlùth dhàimh ri tuigse
realise v tr
1 tuig, vn tuigsinn f
2 (fulfil) expressed with thoir a dh’ionnsaigh. So that they can fully realise their ability to understand Gaelic, gus an toirt a dh’ionnsaigh an làn chomais air a’ Ghàidhlig a thuigsinn
3 (fulfil) coilean, vn coileanadh. In order to realise these aims, gus na h-amasan seo a choileanadh. Some language attainment targets may be incapable of being fully realised, faodaidh e bhith nach gabh cuid de chuimsean cànain an coileanadh gu h-iomlan
make realise v phr thoir fa-near do, vn toirt fa-near do. We are trying to make them realise that we have the same problems as other areas, tha sinn a’ feuchainn ri thoirt fa-near dhaibh gu bheil na h-aon duilgheadasan againne ’s a tha aig àiteachan eile
realistic a iomchaidh. The teacher will make sure that contexts are realistic and appropriate, bidh an tidsear a’ dèanamh cinnteach gu bheil na suidhichidhean iomchaidh agus freagarrach
reality n 1 expressed with an saoghal againn fhìn. Adventure games let pupils explore situations which give a sense of reality, tha geamannan dùbhlain a’ toirt cothroim do chloinn a bhith a’ rannsachadh shuidhichidhean anns a bheil caran de choltas an t-saoghail againn fhìn
2 not expressed. Experiences which could not be accommodated within the realities of the classroom, fiosrachaidhean nach b’ urrainn an gabhail a-staigh anns a’ chlas
reap v tr buain, vn buain f
reaper n buanaiche m, pl buanaichean
rear n
we brought up the rear, bha sinne aig an deireadh
rear v tr àraich, vn àrach m
rearing n àrach m, gen àraich
2 a bhith ag àrach. A culture that valued the rearing of cattle as a measure of a person’s wealth, dualchas a bha a’ cur luach air a bhith ag àrach cruidh mar thomhas air beairteas neach
reason n 1 adhbhar m, gen adhbhair, pl adhbhair, adhbharan. For that reason, air an adhbhar sin. It is for such reasons, is ann air adhbhair den t-seòrsa sin. Pupils should be helped to identify with characters and to comment in terms of their behaviour and reasons, tha còir a’ chlann a chuideachadh gus a bhith a’ dlùthachadh ris na pearsachan agus a bhith a’ toirt tarraing air an giùlan ’s air an adhbhair
2 expressed with as adhbhar. It is for these reasons that they form the framework, sin as adhbhar iad a bhith sa bheairt. The reason for poor voice production in talking is the pupil’s lack of clarity about what to say, ’s e as adhbhar do chion comas labhairt nach eil am pàiste soilleir mu dè their e
3 sealladh m, gen seallaidh, pl seallaidhean. This is important for two reasons, tha seo cudthromach bho dhà shealladh
4 expressed with na tha a’ gluasad. Rather, it is the business of media education to explore the underlying reasons for all viewpoints, ’s e a tha fa-near do dh’oideachadh mu na meadhain, rannsachadh a dhèanamh air na tha a’ gluasad a h-uile beachd a tha ann
for reasons of prep phr a thaobh. Experiences which could not, for reasons of expense or safety, be accommodated within the realities of the classroom , fiosrachaidhean nach b’ urrainn an gabhail a-staigh anns a’ chlas a thaobh cosgais no sàbhailteachd
for that reason, for these reasons adv phr mar sin dheth
reason for prep phr expressed with carson. Groups can discuss preferences and reasons for them, faodaidh buidhnean beachdachadh air an fheadhainn as fheàrr leotha, agus carson
reason v i
reasoning n reusanachadh m. Cues which help them to sustain a brief line of argument or reasoning, comharraidhean a bheir cothrom dhaibh argamaid no reusanachadh a chumail a’ dol rè ùine ghoirid. Support their own views with evidence or reasoning, a bhith a’ cur taice ri am beachdan fhèin le dearbhadh no le reusanachadh
reasonable a 1 reusanta. According to this evidence his suggestion is therefore reasonable, a-rèir na fianaise seo tha am moladh aige mar sin reusanta. All reasonable steps must be taken to discourage the spread of infection, feumar gach riatanas reusanta a dhèanamh gus bacadh a chur air gabhaltachd o bhith a’ sgaoileadh
2 expressed with gu reusanta adv. Since they indicate reasonable expectations of achievement for most pupils, seach gu bheil iad a’ comharrachadh na thàtar gu reusanta a’ sùileachadh a bhitheas a’ mhòrchuid den chloinn a’ coileanadh
reasonably adv gu reusanta
reassemble v tr 1 ath-chruinnich, vn ath-chruinneachadh m
2 cuir ri chèile a-rithist, vn cur …. She reassembled the model, chuir i a’ mhodail ri chèile a-rithist
reassurance n 1 comhfhartachd f
2 expressed with faclan comhfhartachd. The teacher will promote confidence by reassurance and praise, bidh an tidsear a’ daingneachadh misnich le faclan comhfhartachd agus molaidh
rebel n reubaltach m, gen & pl reubaltaich
rebellion n ar-a-mach m
rebuild v tr ath-thog, vn ath-thogail f. The wall may have been rebuilt, dh’fhaodadh gun deach am balla ath-thogail
rebuke n achmhasan m, gen & pl achmhasain
rebuke v tr cronaich, vn cronachadh m
recall n 1 cuimhne f. To develop skills in attention and recall, gus sgilean aire agus cuimhne a thoirt air adhart. The teacher will be able to assess a pupil’s level of recall, thèid aig an tidsear air ìre cuimhne gach pàiste a mheasadh
2 expressed with cuimhnich, vn cuimhneachadh. Since accuracy of recall will become more important, seach gum bi e a’ fàs nas cudthromaiche a bhith a’ cuimhneachadh gu mionaideach. The teacher should invite recall of straightforward features of the text, tha còir aig an tidsear iarraidh orra cuimhneachadh air na nithean as cumanta mu dheidhinn an teacsa
recall v tr 1 cuimhnich air, vn cuimhneachadh m air. Recognise the genre of the communication and be able to recall it, a bhith ag aithneachadh gnè a’ chonaltraidh agus a bhith comasach air cuimhneachadh air. It cannot be assumed that children will have acquired the necessary skills of concentrating, thinking about and recalling what they hear and see by the time they enter P1, chan urrainn dhuinn a bhith cinnteach gum bi clann air na sgilean èiseil a thogail ron am a thig iad a-steach do B1 — ’s e sin a bhith a’ leagail an inntinnean air nithean sònraichte, agus a bhith a’ smaoineachadh agus a’ cuimhneachadh air na chluinneas ’s na chì iad
2 ùraich, vn ùrachadh m. Pupils will be asked to recall and refer to their own experiences, bithear ag iarraidh air a’ chloinn a bhith ag ùrachadh an cuid fiosrachaidh fhèin no a’ toirt tarraing air
3 dèan ùrachadh, vn dèanamh ùrachaidh. They will learn to use audio or video recorders to recall and review what they have said, bidh iad ag ionnsachadh mar a chleachdas iad innealan-clàraidh cluaise agus bhideo gus ùrachadh agus breithneachadh a dhèanamh air na thubhairt iad
recap n ath-shùil f
receive v tr 1 faigh, vn faotainn f. Through language they receive knowledge, is ann tro chànain a tha iad a’ faotainn eòlais. Receiving ideas, a’ faotainn smuaintean. Pupils receiving the bulk of their education through the medium of Gaelic, clann a tha a’ faotainn na mòrchodach den fhoghlam aca tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig. The responses received to questions, na freagairtean a fhuaras ri ceistean. These new channels will be received through the presently existing transmitters, gheibhear na sianalan ùra seo tro na croinn-sgaoilidh a tha againn an-dràsta
2 gabh, vn gabhail m. In order to understand language pupils need first to be involved in receiving and making it, gus cànain a thuigsinn, feumaidh clann anns a’ chiad dol a-mach a bhith an sàs ann a bhith ga gabhail agus ga cruthachadh
3 gabh a-staigh. The contexts in which Gaelic is expressed and received, na suidhichidhean anns a bheil a’ Ghàidhlig air a cur an cèill ’s air a gabhail a-staigh
4 not directly expressed. Such pupils may be receiving a Gaelic medium education, faodaidh an leithid seo de chloinn a bhith gan oideachadh tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig
receiver n (debt) neach-trusaidh m nam fiach, pl luchd-trusaidh nam fiach
recent a 1 expressed with o chionn goirid. The nature of that offered knowledge has also changed in recent practice, o chionn goirid tha caochladh air a thighinn air an dòigh anns a bheilear a’ tairgse an eòlais sin
2 expressed with buin do v phr, vn buntainn do, plus àm a tha faisg oirnn
more recent a phr expressed with buin do v phr, vn buntainn do, plus àm as fhaisg oirnn. The visible remains are more recent, buinidh na làraichean faicsinneach do dh’àm as fhaisg oirnn
recently adv 1 o chionn ghoirid. Have recently enjoyed a period of growth, air a bhith a’ mealtainn fàis o chionn ghoirid
2 a chianaibh
more recently adv phr on uair sin. More recently, he has held discussions with various groups about the use of Gaelic in education in Scotland, on uair sin, tha e air a bhith a’ co-bheachdachadh le caochladh bhuidhnean air cleachdadh na Gàidhlig ann am foghlam an Alba
reception n (in building) ionad m fàilte, gen ionaid fàilte
recipe n recipe m, reasabaidh m. Such as a poem and a recipe, mar tha dàn agus recipe
recipient n 1 neach-amais m, pl luchd-amais. To identify what the recipient needs to know, gus aithne chur air na dh’fheumas an neach-amais fios a bhith aige air
2 (semantics) neach-amais m
reciprocal a co-chèileach. Reciprocal pronoun, riochdair co-chèileach
recitation n aithris f
recite v aithris, vn aithris f. They will sing songs and recite poems, bidh iad a’ gabhail òran agus ag aithris dhàn
reciter n 1 neach-aithris m, pl luchd-aithris
2 aithrisiche m, pl aithrisichean
reclaim v tr 1 ath-bhuannaich, vn ath-bhuannachadh m
2 saoraich, vn saorachadh m
reclamation n ath-bhuannachd f
recluse n aonaran m, gen aonarain, pl aonaranan
recognise v 1 (a) aithnich, vn aithneachadh m. She will recognise gestures and eye contact, aithnichidh i gluasadan-bodhaig agus glacadh-sùla. Pupils should learn to recognise some of the basic structures, bu chòir gun aithnicheadh a’ chlann cuid de na bun-structairean. Some may have started to recognise single words, bidh cuid, ’s dòcha, a bhitheas air tòiseachadh air faclan fa leth aithneachadh. Teachers can help pupils recognise how texts dealing with different kinds of knowledge differ, faodaidh tidsearan a’ chlann a chuideachadh gus a bhith ag aithneachadh mar tha teacsaichean mu chaochladh sheòrsachan eòlais eadar-dhealaichte o chèile
(b) cuir aithne air, vn cur aithne air. Once pupils recognise differences, aon uair ’s gun cuir a’ chlann aithne air eadar-dhealachaidhean
(c) thoir aithne do, vn toirt aithne do. Their various languages will be valued and respected in the pre-school, bheirear aithne agus urram don cuid chànainean eadar-dhealaichte anns an ro-sgoil
2 gabh a-steach, vn gabhail a-steach. Pupils can recognise how character and relationship must be understood, faodaidh a’ chlann gabhail a-steach mar a dh’fheumar pearsa agus dàimh a thuigsinn
3 tog, vn togail f. They will be able to recognise cues, thèid aca air comharraidhean a thogail
4 tuig, vn tuigsinn f. To recognise where others’ ideas come from, gu bhith a’ tuigsinn co às a tha bun-bheachdan chàich a’ tighinn. To recognise the needs of different kinds of audiences, gus feumalachdan caochladh sheòrsachan luchd-amais a thuigsinn. It is important to recognise that the form of assessment has to match the aims of the teaching process, tha e cudthromach a thuigsinn gum bi an dòigh anns a bheilear a’ measadh ann an dàimh ri amasan teagaisg
5 aidich, vn aideachadh m. The policy recognises that skills acquired in Gaelic may be expected to transfer readily to English, tha am poileasaidh ag aideachadh gum faodar a bhith a’ sùileachadh gun gabh na sgilean a thogar sa Ghàidhlig an steidheachadh gu furasta anns a’ Bheurla
6 gabh ris, vn gabhail ris. This recognises that language exists both as a discrete area and as a permeating element across the curriculum, tha seo a’ gabhail ris gu bheil àite sònraichte aig cànain an dà chuid dhi fhèin agus mar nì a tha a’ dol air feadh a’ chlàir-theagaisg gu lèir. It is recognised that pupils will attain targets at different rates, gabhar ris gum bi clann a’ coileanadh chuimsean aig astar eadar-dhealaichte. It is now recognised that pupils’ ability to understand and use language depends more on their ability to see how larger units are manipulated, a-nis thàtar a’ gabhail ris gu bheil comas-tuigse agus comas-cleachdaidh na cloinne air cànain nas motha an urra ri an comas air a bhith a’ tuigsinn mar tha aonadan nas motha air an ullachadh
7 (a) thoir àite do, vn toirt àite do. Its language and culture should be recognised throughout the whole school, bu chòir àite thoirt do a cànain agus do a dualchas air feadh na sgoile gu lèir. The pre-school recognises the wide range of special needs of children and families in their community, tha an ro-sgoil a’ toirt àite don t-sreath fharsaing de dh’fheumalachdan sònraichte a tha aig cloinn agus aig teaghlaichean nan coimhearsnachd
(b) thoir àite dligheach do, vn toirt àite dhlighich do. All children will be respected and their individuality and potential recognised, valued and nurtured, bheirear urram do gach aon neach-cloinne; bheirear àite dligheach da pearsantachd air leth agus do na dh’fhaodas i a thoirt gu ìre, agus thèid na feartan seo àrach is thèid luach a chur orra
8 thoir fa-near, vn toirt fa-near. The pre-school recognises that many different types of family successfully love and care for children, tha an ro-sgoil a’ toirt fa-near gun tèid aig iomadh seòrsa eadar-dhealaichte de theaghlaichean air gaol agus cùram a thoirt do chloinn
recognised a aithnichte. There should be at least one adult holding a recognised first-aid certificate on the premises at all times, is còir gum bi co-dhiù aon inbheach aig a bheil teisteanas aithnichte a thaobh ciad-fhuasglaidh daonnan anns an togalach
recognition n 1 aithneachadh m, gen aithneachaidh. Including the recognition of genres, agus sin a’ gabhail a-staigh aithneachadh air gnè
2 expressed with aithne f. Show recognition of one obvious difference between two simple texts, a’ nochdadh gu bheil aithne aca air aon eadar-dhealachadh follaiseach eadar dà theacsa shìmplidh. Two strands in the attainment targets have been devoted to the recognition of genre, tha dà èill anns na cuimsean-coileanaidh air an toirt do dh’aithne air gnè
3 expressed with aithnich, vn aithneachadh m. Show recognition of one obvious difference between two simple texts, a’ nochdadh gun aithnich iad aon nì follaiseach a tha a’ cur o chèile dà theacsa shìmplidh
4 expressed with cuir aithne air, vn cur aithne air. Genre recognition can begin in the early stages, faodar tòiseachadh air aithne chur air gnè aig na h-ìrean as tràithe
recollection n
to the best of my recollection, mas math mo chuimhne
re-combine v cuir còmhla a-rithist, vn cur còmhla a-rithist. Pupils will show a capacity to re-combine what has been learned before, nochdaidh iad comas air a bhith a’ cur còmhla a-rithist na dh’ionnsaich iad roimhe
recommend v mol, vn moladh m. It is recommended that a proportion of this time might be devoted to language work, thàtar a’ moladh gum faodaiste cuibhreann den ùine seo a thoirt do dh’obair cànain. The teacher can encourage them to recommend texts for reading, faodaidh an tidsear misneachadh a dhèanamh orra gus teacsaichean a mholadh airson an leughaidh. The approach to teaching recommended in the Programmes of Study, na dòighean teagaisg a thàtar a’ moladh anns na Clàran Oideachaidh
recommended a expressed with thàtar a’ moladh. The teacher can provide annotated lists of recommended books, faodaidh an tidsear liostaichean leabhraichean a thàtar a’ moladh a thoirt seachad le notaichean. This trail is not recommended for those with walking difficulties, chan eilear a’ moladh na slighe seo do dhaoine le duilgheadasan coiseachd
as recommended by prep phr mar a thèid moladh le. The correct ratio of staff to children as recommended by the social work department must be provided, feumaidh an co-mheas ceart de luchd-obrach mu choinneimh cloinne a bhith ann mar a thèid moladh le roinn na h-obrach sòisealta
recommendation n moladh m, gen molaidh, pl molaidhean. The recommendations in this report imply the following requirements regarding teaching resources, togar às na molaidhean anns an aithisg seo na feuman a leanas a thaobh ghoireasan-teagaisg
recompense v tr ath-dhìol, vn ath-dhìoladh m
reconquer v tr ath-cheannsaich, vn ath-cheannsachadh m
reconstruction n ath-dhèanamh m, gen ath-dhèanamh, pl ath-dhèanamhan. A reconstruction of a roundhouse settlement, ath-dhèanamh air àite-tuineachaidh de thaighean-cruinne
record n 1 (a) clàr m, gen clàir, pl clàir, clàran. They listened to a record, dh’èist iad ri clàr. A Record of Needs, clàr-fheuman. A personal spelling book becomes both a reference for the pupil and a record for the teacher, thig leabhar-litreachaidh pearsanta gu bhith an dà chuid na fhiosrachadh don phàiste agus na chlàr don tidsear
(b) clàradh m, gen clàraidh, pl clàraidhean
(c) expressed with clàr v, vn clàradh m. Pupils for whom a record of needs has been opened, clann a tha na feuman aca gan clàradh
2 cunntas m, gen cunntais, pl cunntasan. The building must have belonged to a substantial tenant such as a tacksman, though there is no record of such a tenant, feumaidh gum buineadh an togalach do theanant chudthromach mar fhear-taca, ged nach eil cunntas againn air a leithid a theanant
Record of Needs n phr Clàr m Fheuman. Others may have pronounced difficulties that require the opening of an individual Record of Needs, airson feadhainn eile aig a bheil duilgheadasan follaiseach, feumar Clàr Fheuman fhosgladh dhaibh fa leth
record sheet n phr 1 duilleag-chlàraidh f, gen duilleig-chlàraidh, pl duilleagan-clàraidh
2 bileag-clàraidh f, gen bileig-clàraidh, pl bileagan-clàraidh. Each child’s record sheet must contain at least one emergency contact number, feumaidh co-dhiù aon àireamh bhrath ann an suidheachadh-èiginn a bhith air bileag-chlàraidh gach neach-chloinne
record v tr 1 clàr, vn clàradh m. Recording assessment, a’ clàradh measaidh. For recording pupils’ progress, gus adhartas na cloinne a chlàradh. Reflect on what has been read and record personal reactions, a’ beachd-smuaineachadh air na chaidh a leughadh agus a’ clàradh mar a ghabhadh ris. Pupils will be helped to experiment with ways of recording information, cuidichear a’ chlann gu bhith a’ feuchainn dòighean air fiosrachadh a chlàradh. The teacher will show other ways of recording ideas, seallaidh an tidsear dòighean eile air bun-bheachdan a chlàradh. Pupils’ language performances will be facilitated by recording their own performances, bidh e na chuideachadh don chloinn, ann a bhith gan cur fhèin an cèill ann an cainnt, ma bhitheas na tha iad a’ labhairt air a chlàradh. Methods of planning, conducting and recording assessment in language, dòighean air a bhith a’ deasachadh, a’ cur an gnìomh agus a’ clàradh measaidh air cànain
2 dèan iomradh air, vn dèanamh iomraidh air. The form of assessment of these ideas should be one which allows pupils to record their understandings, tha còir aig cruth measadh nam bun-smuaintean seo cothrom a thoirt don chloinn a bhith a’ dèanamh iomraidh air na nithean a tha iad a’ tuigsinn
3 cùm cunntas air, vn cumail cunntais air
4 gabh cunntas air, vn gabhail cunntais air. Pupils and teacher can agree on a checklist or grid which will be used for noting and recording observations, faodaidh an tidsear agus a’ chlann aontachadh air liosta-dearbhaidh no air clèith a bhithear a’ cleachdadh gu bhith a’ gabhail cunntais air beachdan
5 clàraich, vn clàrachadh m. Recorded delivery, libhrigeadh clàraichte
recording n 1 clàr m, pl clàir. Others will be audio or video recordings, is e clàir èisteachd no clàir bhideo a bhitheas ann an cuid eile
2 clàradh m, gen clàraidh, pl clàraidhean. Assessment and recording, measadh agus clàradh. A structure for assessment and recording, structar airson measaidh agus clàraidh. Tape recording allows pupils to hear themselves read, tha clàradh air teip a’ toirt cothroim do chloinn iad fhèin a chluinntinn a’ leughadh. Sound and video recordings, clàradh fuaim is bhideo
3 expressed with air clàr. Use of recordings of the pupils’ own talking can be made, faodar labhairt na cloinne fhèin air clàr a chur am feum
recording mod airson clàraidh. Audio recording and playback equipment, uidheam teip-èisteachd airson clàraidh agus cluiche
recorder n 1 inneal m pl innealan. Pupils will use tape or video recorders, bidh a’ chlann a’ cleachdadh innealan teip no bhideo
2 inneal-clàraidh m, pl innealan-clàraidh. They will learn to use audio or video recorders, bidh iad ag ionnsachadh mar a chleachdas iad innealan-clàraidh cluaise agus bhideo
recount v aithris, vn aithris f. Pupils will recount experiences, bidh a’ chlann ag aithris fhiosrachaidhean
recover v tr faigh ais, vn faighinn air ais
recoverable a. This energy is recoverable either directly or indirectly, nithear feum den lùth seo an dara cuid gu dìreach no gu neo-dhìreach
recreate v tr 1 ath-chruthaich, vn ath-chruthachadh m
2 ath-chum, vn ath-chumadh m
recreation n 1 ath-chruthachadh m, gen ath-chruthachaidh
2 (pastime) cur-seachad m
recreation mod cur-seachad. Recreation centre, ionad cur-seachad
rectangle n ceart-cheàrnach m, gen & pl ceart-chearnaich
rectangular a ceart-cheàrnach, comp ceart-chearnaiche. A rectangular building, togalach ceart-cheàrnach. By 1000AD other more rectangular structures were now being built, ann an 1000AD bha structaran eile na bu cheart-cheàrnaiche a-nis gan togail
rectum n 1 fosglan m a’ chaolain, gen fosglain a’ chaolain
2 snathainn f, gen snàithne. It’s in the rectum, tha e anns an t-snathainn
recycle v tr 1 ath-chuairtich, vn ath-chuairteachadh m
2 ath-chleachd, vn ath-chleachdadh m
recycling n ath-chuartachadh m, gen ath-chuartachaidh
red a dearg, comp deirge. The colours of the rainbow are violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange, and red, ’s iad dathan a’ bhogha-fhroise liath or bàn-phurpaidh, gorm-liath or guirmeanach, gorm, buidhe-ghorm or uaine, buidhe, dearg-bhuidhe or orains, agus dearg
redefine v comharraich as ùr, vn comharrachadh as ùr. The nature of the language components have been redefined, chomharraicheadh as ùr nàdar nan earrainnean-cànain
redo v tr ath-dhèan, vn ath-dhèanamh m
redone a ath-dheante
work redone n phr 1 obair f ath-dhèante
2 ath-obair f. Work and work redone, obair agus ath-obair (proverb)
re-draft n ath-dhreachd f, pl ath-dhreachdan. Producing a re-draft, a’ toirt ath-dhreachd gu buil
re-draft v ath-dhreachd, vn ath-dhreachdadh m. Sections of stories can be read, discussed, re-drafted before being brought together, faodar earrainnean stòiridhean a leughadh, beachdachadh orra, an ath-dhreachdadh mus toirear cruinn còmhla iad
re-drafting n 1 ath-dhreachdadh m, gen ath-dhreachdaidh. Word processing aids re-drafting, tha dealbh-sgrìobhadh na chuideachadh do dh’ath-dhreachdadh. The following approach to drafting and re-drafting might be used, tha còir na dòighean a leanas a chleachdadh ann an dreachdadh agus ath-dhreachdadh. As pupils learn to refine the meaning of their writing through correction and re-drafting, mar tha a’ chlann ag ionnsachadh loinn a chur air brìgh an cuid sgrìobhaidh tro cheartachadh agus tro ath-dhreachdadh. Co-operative writing and discussion will motivate re-drafting, bidh co-oibreachadh ann an sgrìobhadh agus ann am beachdachadh a’ brosnachadh ath-dhreachdaidh
2 expressed with a bhith ag ath-dhreachdadh. Opportunities for drafting and re-drafting should be given where appropriate, tha còir cothrom a thoirt a bhith a’ dreachdadh agus ag ath-dhreachdadh an uair a tha sin iomchaidh
3 ath-sgrìobhadh m, gen ath-sgrìobhaidh. In learning the skills of sequencing, structuring and re-drafting, ann a bhith a’ togail sgilean leanmhainneachd, eagrachaidh agus ath-sgrìobhaidh
redstart n (Phoenicurus phoenicurus) ceann-dearg m
reduce v tr 1 lughdaich, vn lughdachadh m. Speaking too quickly or too hesitantly can reduce listeners’ interest, faodaidh labhairt ro luath no le stadaich ùidh an luchd-èisteachd a lughdachadh
2 giorraich, vn giorrachadh m. It is essential to reduce recording to just what is needed and what is manageable, feumar air a h-uile cor clàradh a ghiorrachadh dìreach gu ìre na bheil riatanach agus na ghabhas a làimhseachadh
reduction n lughdachadh m, gen lughdachaidh, pl lughdachaidhean
redundancy n anbharr m, gen anbharra
redundancy mod anbharra. Redundancy pay, pàigheadh anbharra
redundant a anbharrach
reduplicate v tr ath-dhùblaich, vn ath-dhùblachadh m
reduplication n ath-dhùblachadh m, gen ath-dhùblachaidh
reed n cuilc f
2 (musical) ribheid f, pl ribheidean
reedmace n (cattail) (Typha latifolia) = bulrush n
reef n bodha m, pl bodhachan. The Shaggy Reef, am Bodha Ròmach (place-name)
reel n (of thread) piorna
2 biùrna f, biorna f
re-erect v tr 1 ath-thog, vn ath-thogail f
2 cuir suas a-rithist, vn cur suas a-rithist. The stone has been re-erected and set in a cement base, chaidh a’ chlach a chur suas a-rithist agus a shuidheachadh ann am bonn saimeant
refectory n biadhlann m, gen biadhlainn, pl biadhlannan
refer v tr
refer to v phr 1 gabh beachd air, vn gabhail beachd air. By referring to the four main outcomes of Gaelic, a bhith a’ gabhail beachd air ceithir prìomh bhuilean na cànain
2 buin do, vn buntainn m do. This will include a selection of terms referring to the words of the language, an lùib seo bidh taghadh de bhriathran a bhuineas do dh’fhaclan na cànain
3 thoir tarraing air, vn toirt tarraing air. How speakers can refer to and use what others say, mar a dh’fhaodas luchd-labhairt tarraing a thoirt air na their càch agus sin a chur gu buil. Pupils will be asked to recall and refer to their own experiences, bithear ag iarraidh air a’ chloinn a bhith ag ùrachadh an cuid fiosrachaidh fhèin no a’ toirt tarraing air
4 cuir gu, vn cur gu. Any complaints should be referred to one of the committee members listed in this booklet, bu chòir gearain sam bith a chur gu aon de bhuill na comataidh a gheibhear san leabhran seo
referred to a phr expressed with air a bheil iomradh. Within certain broad principles referred to later in this section, taobh a-staigh phrionnsabalan farsaing àraidh air a bheil iomradh nas fhaide air adhart anns an earrainn seo
reference n 1 fiosrachadh m, gen fiosrachaidh. Models of correct practice can provide pupil reference, faodaidh eisimpleirean de dh’obair cheart a bhith nam fiosrachadh don chloinn. A personal spelling book becomes a reference for the pupil, thig leabhar-litreachaidh pearsanta gu bhith na fhiosrachadh don phàiste. Reference skills, sgilean fiosrachaidh
2 eòlas m, gen eòlais. Media education empowers pupils to make their own choices within an expanded framework of reference and understanding, tha oideachadh mu na meadhain a’ toirt cothroim do chloinn an cuid roghainn fhèin a dhèanamh taobh a-staigh crìochan farsaing eòlais agus tuigse
3 expressed with dèan iomradh air. Comments can be made on particular strands when the teacher judges it necessary, but reference to all of the strands is not necessarily required, faodar iomradh a dhèanamh air iallan àraidh an uair a bhitheas an tidsear den bheachd gu bheil sin iomchaidh, ach cha leigear a leas iomradh a dhèanamh air na h-iallan uile
4 (testimonial) teisteanas m, gen teisteanais, pl teisteanasan
make reference to v phr 1 expressed with thoir tarraing air. The teacher will encourage pupils to make reference to information contributed by others, bidh an tidsear a’ misneachadh na cloinne gu bhith a’ toirt tarraing air fiosrachadh a thug feadhainn eile seachad. They will make some reference to their own experience, bidh iad a’ toirt tarraing air choireigin air am fiosrachadh fhèin
2 gabh ealla ri, vn gabhail ealla ri. When reading this page, reference should be made to Programmes of Study, an uair a bhithear a’ leughadh na duilleig seo bu chòir a bhith a’ gabhail ealla ris na Clàran Oideachaidh
reference mod 1 fiosrachaidh. Reference book, leabhar fiosrachaidh. Find an item of information from an informational or reference text, a’ lorg pìos fiosrachaidh o theacsa-fiosrachaidh. Give pupils a working knowledge of reference materials, eòlas a thoirt don chloinn air stuthan fiosrachaidh. As they encounter a wider variety of reference and instructional materials, mar a tha iad a’ coinneachadh ri barrachd sheòrsachan de stuthan fiosrachaidh no seòlaidh. These enable them to communicate more effectively with others, develop reference skills, and explore texts, bidh seo a’ toirt comais dhaibh air conaltradh nas buadhmhoire a dhèanamh ri feadhainn eile, air sgilean fiosrachaidh a thoirt air adhart agus air teacsaichean a rannsachadh
2 not expressed. A wide selection of informational and reference texts should be available, tha còir cothrom a bhith ann air mòran sheòrsachan de theacsaichean
reference book n phr leabhar m fiosrachaidh, pl leabhraichean fiosrachaidh
reference grammar n phr gràmar-fiosrachaidh m, pl gràmair-fhiosrachaidh
refill v tr ath-lìon, vn ath-lìonadh m
refine v 1 cuir loinn air, vn cur m loinn air. As pupils learn to refine the meaning of their writing, mar tha a’ chlann ag ionnsachadh loinn a chur air brìgh an cuid sgrìobhaidh
2 dèan nas mìne, vn dèanamh nas mìne. All the above genres can be further refined, faodar na seòrsachan gnè sin uile a dhèanamh nas mìne fhathast. But genres are capable of being continually refined, ach faodar gnè a dhèanamh nas mìne agus nas mìne, gun sguir
3 fuasgail, vn fuasgladh. To develop, refine or accept others’ contributions, a bhith a’ leasachadh, a’ fuasgladh no a’ gabhail ris na tha càch a’ toirt seachad
4 fìn, vn fìneadh m
refinery n fìneadair m, pl fìneadairean. Oil refinery, fìneadair ola
reflect I v i 1 (mentally) cnuasaich, vn cnuasachadh m. To present, share, clarify and reflect on ideas, gus smaointean a chur an cèill, a cho-phàirteachadh ’s a shoilleireachadh, agus gus cnuasachadh orra. To allow them to hear, watch and reflect upon what they themselves and their classmates have said, gus cothrom fhaighinn air a bhith ag èisteachd, a’ coimhead agus a’ cnuasachadh air na thuirt iad fhèin agus feadhainn eile anns a’ chlas. Giving them the chance to reflect on the issues, a’ toirt cothroim dhaibh a bhith a’ cnuasachadh air na puingean. To reflect upon ideas, experiences and opinions, gus cnuasachadh air smaointean, fiosraichidhean agus beachdan. Reading to reflect on the writer’s ideas, leughadh gus cnuasachadh air bun-bheachdan an ùghdair
2 (mentally) meòraich, vn meòrachadh m. Reflecting on and considering their own feelings, a’ meòrachadh agus a’ beachdachadh air an cuid fhaireachdainnean fhèin. Reading to reflect on the writer’s ideas and craft, leughadh gus meòrachadh air bun-bheachdan agus air ceaìrd an sgrìobhaiche
3 (mentally) expressed with meòrachadh m, gen meòrachaidh. Demonstrating some capacity to reflect on experience, a’ nochdadh gu bheil iad gu ìre comasach air meòrachadh air fiosrachadh
4 (mentally) beachd-smuainich, vn beachd-smuaineachadh m. Reflect on what has been read and record personal reactions, a’ beachd-smuaineachadh air na chaidh a leughadh agus a’ clàradh mar a ghabhadh ris
II reflect v tr 1 rach a-rèir, vn dol a-rèir. They should reflect an agreed school policy. Tha còir gum biodh iad a’ dol a-rèir poileasaidh aontaichte na sgoile
2 comharraich, vn comharrachadh m. Progress will reflect the various starting points, bidh an t-adhartas a’ comharrachadh nan amannan-tòiseachaidh eadar-dhealaichte. The study of genre helps pupils to see how the form and content of distinctive types of texts reflect their underlying purposes, cuidichidh beachdachadh air gnè a’ chlann gu bhith a’ tuigsinn mar tha cruth sheòrsachan àraidh de theacsaichean, agus na bheil annta, a’ comharrachadh nan adhbhar a tha air an cùl
3 nochd, vn nochdadh m. Comment on how these reflect the texts’ purposes, a’ toirt beachd air mar a tha iad sin a’ nochdadh adhbhair nan teacsaichean. More differentiated targets which will reflect maturational and interest changes, cuimsean nas eadar-dhealaichte a nochdas atharrachaidhean fàis agus ùidh
4 expressed with mar thoradh air. Practice in Gaelic medium schools varies, reflecting this range of language backgrounds, tha caochladh dhòighean a’ dol anns na sgoiltean Gàidhlig mar thoradh air na tha ann de sheòrsachan shuidhichidhean a thaobh cànain
5 frith-thilg, vn frith-thilgeil f
6 not directly expressed. It will be important to reflect an appropriate balance of approaches, bidh e cudthromach gum bi na dòighean air an cothromachadh gu freagarrach
reflection n 1 cnuasachadh m, gen cnuasachaidh. Reflection can be encouraged through drawing, faodar cnuasachadh a mhisneachadh tro tharraing dhealbh
2 beachd-smuaineachadh m, gen beachd-smuaineachaidh. Their understanding and reflection will be extended, nithear leudachadh air an tuigse ’s air am beachd-smuaineachadh
3 (eg in mirror) (a) faileas m, gen faileis, pl faileasan. Your reflection in the mirror, t’fhaileas anns an sgàthan
(b) ath-ìomhaigh f, gen ath-ìomhaighe, pl ath-ìomhaighean
4 (physics) frith-thilgeil f
reflector n 1 frith-thilgear m, gen frith-thilgeir, pl frith-thilgearan
2 deàlradair m, pl deàlradairean
reflex n (linguistics) iar-riochd m, pl iar-riochdan
reflex a
reflex angle n phr ceàrn m fosgailte, pl ceàrnan fosgailte
reflexive a (grammar) (a) fèineach. Reflexive pronoun, riochdair fèineach
(b) ath-bhuailteach. Reflexive pronoun, riochdair ath-bhuailteach
reform n 1 leasachadh m, gen leasachaidh, pl leasachaidhean
2 ath-leasachadh m, gen ath-leasachaidh, pl ath-leasachaidhean
reform v tr (improve) 1 leasaich, vn leasachadh m
2 ath-leasaich, vn ath-leasachadh m
re-form v tr (form again) 1 ath-chum, vn ath-chumadh m
2 ath-chruthaich, vn ath-chruthachadh m
Reformation pr n Ath-leasachadh m, gen Ath-leasachaidh. At the time of the Reformation, aig àm an Ath-leasachaidh
reformulate v tr cuir rian as ùr air, vn cur rian as ùr air. Reformulating ideas, a’ cur rian as ùr air smuaintean
refract v tr ath-raon, vn ath-raonadh m
refraction n 1 ath-raonadh m, gen ath-raonaidh
2 solas-bhriseadh m, gen solas-bhrisidh
refresh v tr ùraich, vn ùrachadh
refrigerate v tr fuaraich, vn fuarachadh m
refrigerated a fuaraichte
refrigerator n 1 fionnaradair m, pl fionnaradairean
2 frids f, pl fridseachan
refuel v tr ath-chonnaich, vn ath-chonnachadh m
refugee n fògarrach m, gen & pl fògarraich
refund n 1 ath-dhìoladh m, gen ath-dhìolaidh, pl ath-dhìolaidhean
2 ais-ìoc m, pl ais-ìocan
refund v tr ath-dhìol, vn ath-dhìoladh m
refuse n sgudal m, gen sgudail
refuse tip n phr òtrach m, gen òtraich, pl òtraichean. These refuse tips were made in such a way that nothing would leak out of them, chaidh na h-òtraichean seo a dhèanamh air dhòigh ’s nach aoideanadh càil asta
regard n spèis f
in regard to, as regards prep phr 1 a thaobh (plus gen). Policies in regard to staff deployment, poileasaidhean a thaobh rian air luchd-obrach nan dreuchd
2 expressed with gen. The guiding principle in regard to selection of language should be the children’s need to communicate, ’s e màthair-adhbhair taghadh cànain am feum a bhitheas aig a’ chloinn air a bhith a’ conaltradh
regard v tr meas, vn meas m. Perhaps it was the songs he himself regarded as most worthy of preservation that the bard dictated through that summer, dh’fhaodadh gur e na h-òrain a b’ airidh mheas e fhèin air glèidheadh a dheachd am bàrd tron t-samhradh ud
regard as v phr meas plus an prep, vn meas plus an prep. It was regarded as a fertile place in comparison to the other villages in the vicinity, bha e air a mheas na àite torrach an taca ris na bailtean eile a bha faisg air làimh
regarding prep 1 mu (plus dat). Understand questions regarding name and age, ceistean mu ainm agus aois a thuigsinn
2 (a) a thaobh (plus gen). The recommendations in this report imply the following requirements regarding teaching resources, togar às na molaidhean anns an aithisg seo na feuman a leanas a thaobh ghoireasan-teagaisg
(b) expressed with a thaobh a bheil … ann. All insurance should be checked regarding appropriate cover, is còir dearbhadh a dhèanamh air an àrachas air fad a thaobh a bheil urras freagarrach ann
regardless a
regardless of conj ge b’e air bith. Regardless of age, ge b’ e air bith dè an aois a tha iad. Their advice and framework apply to all pupils regardless of their levels of attainment, tha a’ chomhairle agus a’ bheairt aca sin a’ buntainn ris a’ chloinn air fad ge b’ e dè an ìre coileanaidh
regeneration n ath-ghineamhainn m
region n 1 roinn f, gen roinne, pl roinnean
2 raon m, gen raoin, pl raointean. Natural regions, raointean nàdarra
regional a 1 roinneil. Regional variation, atharrachadh roinneil. Particular local circumstances and differing regional policies, cùisean ionadail sònraichte agus caochladh phoileasaidhean roinneil
2 na roinne. regional, na Roinne
regionally adv gu roinneil. Regionally and nationally, gu roinneil agus gu nàiseanta
register n 1 clàradh m, gen clàraidh, pl clàraidhean. A daily register must be taken at the beginning of each session, feumar clàradh làitheil a ghabhail aig toiseach gach seisein
(b) leabhar-clàraidh m, gen leabhair-chlàraidh, pl leabhraichean-clàraidh
2 (a) gnè f. They should learn to take some account of register, tha còir aca aire air choireigin a thoirt air gnè
(b) modh m, pl modhan. In language registers and with degrees of formality that will depend on the writer’s familiarity with the target readership, ann am modhan cànain agus aig ìrean foirmealachd a bhitheas a’ dol a rèir ’s dè an t-eòlas a tha aig an sgrìobhadair air a luchd-amais
(c) ìre-chànain f. How register operates in language, mar a tha ìre-chànain ag oibreachadh
registration n clàrachadh m, gen clàrachaidh
registration mod clàrachaidh. As part of the registration process with the social work department, mar phàirt den ghnìomh chlàrachaidh le roinn na h-obrach sòisealta
regret v tr gabh an t-aithreachas, vn gabhail an aithreachais
regular a 1 (a) cunbhalach. By providing regular opportunities for choice, le cothrom a thoirt dhaibh gu cunbhalach roghainn a dhèanamh. Pupils should have regular planned opportunities to read, tha còir aig a’ chloinn cothrom cunbhalach a bhith aca, mar nì deasaichte, a bhith a’ leughadh. Pupils from a home or community background where Gaelic is a regular feature of their language environment, clann à dachaighean no à coimhearsnachdan anns a bheil a’ Ghàidhlig na pàirt cunbhalach den àrainneachd-chànain aca
(b) expressed with gu cunbhalach. But with regular practice, ach le bhith an sàs anns an obair gu cunbhalach. The school should organise regular ceilidhs, bu chòir don sgoil cèilidhean a chur air dòigh gu cunbhalach. It will be necessary to provide regular challenges through teaching and learning approaches, feumar iad sin a chur gu an dùbhlan gu cunbhalach le modhan teagaisg agus ionnsachaidh
2 riaghailteach. Regular verb, gnìomhair riaghailteach
regularly adv gu cunbhalach. Read stories regularly for enjoyment, a’ leughadh stòiridhean gu cunbhalach airson toileachaidh. They are separable for educational purposes and are regularly separated in practice, gabhaidh iad sgaradh air sgàth foghlaim agus bithear da-rìreabh gan sgaradh gu cunbhalach. Genre will be regularly used as a description of categories of texts, bithear a’ cleachdadh gnè gu cunbhalach mar thuairisgeal air seòrsachan theacsaichean
regulate v tr riaghailtich, vn riaghailteachadh m
regulation n riaghailt f, pl riaghailtean. The storage-tanks do not conform to the regulations, chan eil na tancaichean-stòraidh a’ tighinn a-rèir nan riaghailtean
rehearsal n 1 ath-aithris f
2 (theatre) cleachdadh m, gen cleachdaidh
rehearse v tr ath-aithris, vn ath-aithris f
rehearsed n expressed with na tha … air ionnsachadh ro-làimh. Moving from the rehearsed to the increasingly spontaneous, a’ gluasad o na tha iad air ionnsachadh ro-làimh a dh’ionnsaigh na tha nas motha agus nas motha a’ tighinn bhuapa fhèin
reinforce v tr 1 (a) ath-neartaich, vn ath-neartachadh m
(b) (i) neartaich, vn neartachadh m. Introducing or reinforcing a specific skill, a’ bonntachadh no a’ neartachadh sgil shònraichte. Reading will be used to reinforce oral language, bidh leughadh ga chleachdadh gus cainnt-bheòil a neartachadh
(ii) dèan neartachadh, vn dèanamh neartachaidh. To reinforce the existing skills of Gaelic speaking children, neartachadh a dhèanamh air sgilean a tha a-cheana aig clann aig a bheil a’ Ghàidhlig
3 daingnich, vn daingneachadh m. Co-operative writing and discussion will reinforce the role of audience, bidh co-oibreachadh ann an sgrìobhadh agus ann am beachdachadh a’ daingneachadh àite luchd-amais. They should be reinforced through regular use, bu chòir an daingneachadh le bhith gan cleachdadh gu cunbhalach
reinforcement n 1 ath-neartachadh m, gen ath-neartachaidh, pl ath-neartachaidhean
reject v tr diùlt, vn diùltadh m. No applicant will be rejected on the grounds of age, gender or sexuality, cha tèid tagraiche sam bith a dhiùltadh a thoradh air aois, gnè no feiseileachd
relapse n ath-thilleadh m tinneis, gen ath-thillidh thinneis, pl ath-thilleadhan tinneis
relate v tr aithris, vn aithris f. Pupils are expected to relate a narrative, thàtar a’ sùileachadh gum bi a’ chlann ag aithris sgeòil
relate to v phr 1 buin do, vn buntainn do. Activities which relate to the pupil’s own life and environment, gnìomhan a bhuineas do chaitheamh beatha agus do dh’àrainneachd a’ phàiste
2 bean ri, vn beantainn ri. These will relate to such aspects as plot, bidh seo a’ beantainn ri nithean mar tha plota
3 bi co-cheangailte ri. These examples relate to each of the targets, tha na h-eisimpleirean seo co-cheangailte ris gach aon de na cuimsean
4 cuir ann an dàimh ri, vn cur ann an dàimh ri. They can so easily be related to the writer’s purpose, tha e cho furasta an cur ann an dàimh ris an adhbhar-sgrìobhaidh
5 co-chuir ri, vn co-chur ri. In order to relate these texts perceptively to their own experience, gus na teacsaichean sin a cho-chur gu lèirsinneach ri an cuid fiosrachaidh fhèin
6 expressed with bi plus ceangal aig ri. They are not directly related to age, chan eil ceangal dìreach aca ri aois
7 expressed with bi an dàimh ri. They all relate to the programmes of study, tha gach aon ann an dàimh ris na Clàran Oideachaidh. An assessment should clearly relate to the particular purpose of the talk or writing, tha còir aig measadh a bhith ann an dàimh shoilleir ri adhbhar sònraichte a’ ghnìomha, eadar labhairt is sgrìobhadh
related a 1 co-cheangailte. Related facts, fiosan co-cheangailte
2 expressed with co-cheangailte ri prep phr. An opportunity to benefit from the expanding range of Gaelic related jobs, cothrom fhaighinn air na tha ann de dh’obraichean co-cheangailte ris a’ Ghàidhlig agus iad a’ sìor dhol am meud
3 expressed with co-cheangailte ri chèile. Related tasks may be tackled by different groups, faodaidh buidhnean eadar-dhealaichte gnìomhan co-cheangailte ri chèile a ghabhail os làimh
related to prep phr 1 (a) ceangailte ri
(b) air an ceangal ri. These activities are related to strand titles, tha na gnìomhan seo air an ceangal ri tiotalan nan iallan
(c) expressed with bi plus ceangal aig ri. They should be directly related to the teacher’s aims in planning the context, tha còir aca ceangal dìreach a bhith aca ris na h-amasan a bha aig an tidsear ann a bhith ag ullachadh an t-suidheachaidh
(d) expressed with co-cheangailte ri. It should cover the language of personal interaction, and language related to the topics and processes involved in school work, bu chòir cànain phearsanta eadar dhaoine a ghabhail a-staigh, cho math ri cànain a tha co-cheangailte ris na cuspairean agus na gnìomhan a bhuineas do dh’obair-sgoile. Much time at the early stages should be spent on play related to pupils’ experience, tha còir mòran ùine aig toiseach gnothaich a chur seachad a’ cluich agus sin co-cheangailte ri fiosrachadh chloinne. Strengths and development needs which are not related to, or which overarch, the strands, feartan agus feumalachdan fàis nach eil idir co-cheangailte ris na h-iallan no a tha a’ dol thairis orra
(e) ann an co-cheangal ri. Based on aspiration related to meanings, air am bonntachadh air sèimheachadh ann an co-cheangal ri brìgh
2 (a) expressed with a bhuineas ris; also a bhuineas do. A range of purposes and examples related to the strand structure adopted in the Attainment Targets, sreath adhbharan agus eisimpleirean a bhuineas ris a’ chumadh iallach a chuireadh air na Cuimsean Coileanaidh
(b) expressed with a’ buntainn ris; also a’ buntainn do. The task is the same but is related to texts of differing degrees of difficulty, ’s i an aon dreuchd a tha ann ach tha i a’ buntainn do theacsaichean de chaochladh ìrean duilgheadais
(c) expressed with buntanas m aig ri, gen buntanais aig ri; also buinteanas m aig ri, gen buinteanais aig ri
3 ann an dàimh ri. Perhaps related to other individuals or families, math dh’fhaoidte ann an dàimh ri daoine no ri teaghlaichean eile
4 a-rèir (plus gen). They might be set specially adapted targets related to their specific difficulties, dh’fhaoidte cuimsean air leth a chur romhpa a bha air an gleusadh a rèir nan duilgheadasan sònraichte a tha aca
relating to v phr 1 a bhuineas do or a bhuineas ri. Relating to Gaelic in the curriculum, a bhuineas do Ghàidhlig anns a’ chlàr-theagaisg. It is nevertheless assumed that work relating to the strand will begin in the years before attainment is assessed, gabhar ris air a shon sin gum bi obair a bhuineas ris an iall a’ tòiseachadh anns na bliadhnachan mum bi coileanadh air a mheasadh
2 a’ buntainn ri. Each of the following issues relating to provision for particular pupils, gach cùis a leanas, a’ buntainn ris na thàtar a’ tairgse do phàistean sònraichte
3 a rèir plus gen. Targets relating to the levels run across the page, tha cuimsean a rèir nan ìrean a’ ruith tarsainn na duilleig
4 co-cheangailte ri. Give and respond to instructions relating to classroom activities and situations, cuir an cèill agus cuir an gnìomh iarrtasan co-cheangailte ri obair agus suidheachaidhean a’ chlas
5 mu. Pupils will be able to respond to practical instructions relating to classroom activities, thèid aig a’ chloinn air seòladh prataigeach mu ghnìomhan a’ chlas a fhreagairt
relation n
in relation to prep phr 1 an co-bhonn ri. In evaluating these policies in relation to the attainment targets, ann a bhith a’ tomhas nam poileasaidhean sin an co-bhonn ris na cuimsean coileanaidh. The progress and success of each pupil in relation to national attainment targets, piseach agus air soirbheachadh gach pàiste an co-bhonn ri cuimsean coileanaidh nàiseanta
2 an co-cheangal ri. Tone, used in relation to the sound of a communication, will be used when pupils discuss spoken communications, bithear a’ cleachdadh dòigh-labhairt, an co-cheangal ri fuaim conaltraidh, an uair a bhios clann a’ beachdachadh air conaltradh-beòil. Introductions and conclusions will be used in relation to planning, cleachdar ro-ràdhan agus co-dhùnaidhean an co-cheangal ri planadh
3 ann an ceangal ri. Time for planning and evaluation of language policy in relation to the attainment targets, ùine airson poileasaidh cànain ullachadh agus a bhreithneachadh ann an ceangal ri cuimsean-coileanaidh
4 fa chomhair plus gen. By comparing the original aims with what pupils actually attain in relation to the targets, le bhith a’ dèanamh coimeas eadar na h-amasan a bha ann an toiseach agus na bheil na sgoilearan a’ coileanadh ann an da-rìreabh fa chomhair nan cuimsean
relations n pl caidreach m, gen caidreibh. Public relations, caidreabh pobaill
relational a expressed with dàimhealachd f. Relational grammar, gràmar dàimhealachd
relationship n 1 dàimh f, pl dàimhean. To study the effects of the relationship between sound and vision, a bhith a’ rannsachadh dè a’ bhuaidh a tha aig an dàimh eadar fuaim is fradharc. Assessment should assist in building a positive relationship between teacher and pupil, tha còir aig measadh a bhith a’ cuideachadh ann a bhith a’ togail dàimh dheimhinnich eadar an tidsear agus am pàiste. Human relationships, dàimh eadar daoine. Show that they understand the following terms : theme, character, relationships, a’ nochdadh gun tuig iad na faclan a leanas : cuspair, pearsa, dàimh. To establish relationships, gus dàimh a bhonntachadh. The material settings and social relationships of the school and the classroom, suidhichidhean àrainneachd na sgoile agus an ruim-theagaisg, agus na dàimhean sòisealta a tha ri am faotainn annta. Pupils will increasingly encounter texts of some complexity in relationships, bidh a’ chlann a’ coinneachadh nas trice ’s nas trice ri teacsaichean a tha gu math ioma-fhillte ann an dàimh. Sections of text showing character relationships, earrainnean teacsa a tha a’ nochdadh dàimh phearsachan
2 expressed with an dàimh a tha eadar. Pupils might consider the feelings and relationships of characters, dh’fhaodadh a’ chlann beachd a ghabhail air faireachdainnean nam pearsachan agus an dàimh a tha eatorra
3 co-luadar m, gen co-luadair. Listen to others in group or one-to-one activities in order to establish relationships, , ag èisteachd ri feadhainn eile ann an obair buidhne no aon-ri-aon gus co-luadar a stèidheachadh
relative a 1 dàimheach. Relative construction, gleus dàimheach. Relative particle, mìrean dàimheach, mion-fhacal dàimheach. Relative pronoun, riochdair dàimheach
2 not directly expressed. The relative proportion of time allocated to Gaelic and English language will vary in accordance with the needs of the child, bidh a’ chuibhreann ùine a thàtar a’ cur mu choinneamh na Gàidhlig agus na Beurla ag atharrachadh a-rèir feuman a’ phàiste
relatively adv 1 expressed with caran. The transition from the relatively latent to the active phase in the immersion process will require sensitivity on the part of the teacher, feumaidh geur mhothachadh a bhith aig an tidsear ann a bhith a’ gluasad na cloinne on ùine a tha caran falchaidh a dh’ionnsaigh cleachdadh na Gàidhlig
2 expressed with gu ìre. Dramatic activities can be simple, informal and relatively unstructured, faodaidh gnìomhan-dràma a bhith sìmplidh, neo-fhoirmeil agus gu ìre gun structar
relax v i
relaxed a 1 socair. In this relaxed, secure setting, anns an t-suidheachadh shocair, shàbhailte seo
2 fosgailte, fosgarra. This requires a relaxed and supportive environment, tha seo a’ cur feum air àrainneachd a tha fosgailte, fosgarra, taiceil
relaxation n 1 fois f
2 socair f
relay v tr 1 aithris, vn aithris f. Pupils will begin to relay items of personal news to the teacher, bidh a’ chlann a’ tòiseachadh air naidheachdan pearsanta aithris don tidsear
2 lìobhraig, vn lìobhraigeadh m. They enable information to be relayed by means of a fast and cost-effective electronic process, tha iad a’ toirt cothroim do dh’fhiosrachadh a bhith air a lìobhraigeadh tro mheadhan-dealain a tha an dà chuid luath agus cosg-èifeachdach
release v tr 1 fuasgail, vn fuasgladh
2 saor, vn saoradh. Word processing improves the quality of pupils’ writing by releasing them from problems of poor co-ordination in handwriting, tha dealbh-sgrìobhadh a’ cur ri maitheas sgrìobhadh chloinne le bhith gan saoradh o thrioblaidean ceangailte ri co-òrdanachadh uireasbhaidheach ann an làmh-sgrìobhadh
3 leig mu sgaoil, vn leigeil mu sgaoil. He was released on bail, chaidh a leigeil mu sgaoil air urras
relevance n 1 freagarrachd f. The teacher will highlight the need for relevance and accuracy, bidh an tidsear a’ seulachadh cho riatanach ’s a tha freagarrachd agus cothromachd
2 expressed with bi a’ freagairt air. Real communication on matters of interest and relevance to pupils. Fìor chonaltradh mu nithean anns a bheil ùidh aig cloinn agus a tha a’ freagairt orra
3 expressed with a bhith iomchaidh. Pupils will talk in situations which make demands for accuracy and relevance, bidh a’ chlann a’ labhairt ann an suidhichidhean anns a bheil dùbhlan a thaobh a bhith ceart agus iomchaidh
relevant a 1 iomchaidh. Respond by making a relevant comment, a’ freagairt le abairt iomchaidh. Supported by some relevant evidence, le taice o na h-uiread de dhearbhadh iomchaidh. Relevant content, susbaint iomchaidh
2 freagarrach. Relevant learning and teaching approaches, dòighean freagarrach gus ionnsachadh agus teagasg. The pupil will identify relevant information, cuiridh am pàiste aithne air fiosrachadh freagarrach
3 brìoghmhor. Listeners have to learn to select relevant information, feumaidh luchd-èisteachd ionnsachadh mar a thaghas iad fiosrachadh brìoghmhor
4 sònraichte. To use highlighting, underlining and other textual markers in identifying relevant information, gus sònrachadh, fo-shràcadh agus comharraidhean teacsail eile a chleachdadh ann a bhith a’ cur aithne air fiosrachadh sònraichte
5 expressed with a dh’fheumas seo. Appropriate restraints must be used on swings and other relevant equipment, feumar uidheaman-bacaidh iomchaidh a chleachdadh air dreallagan agus air uidheamachd eile a dh’fheumas seo
relevant to prep phr 1 expressed with thig a-rèir, vn tighinn a-rèir. But they should always be relevant to children’s own lives and experiences, ach tha còir aca daonnan a bhith a tighinn a-rèir beatha agus fiosraichidhean na cloinne fhèin
2 expressed with bi a’ freagairt air. Through involving pupils in picking out items relevant to the topic, le bhith a’ toirt air a’ chloinn taghadh a dhèanamh air nithean a tha a’ freagairt air a’ chuspair
3 expressed with buail air, vn bualadh air. Advice which will, on occasion, be relevant to the curriculum, comhairle a bhitheas, aig amannan, a’ bualadh air a’ chlàr-theagaisg
4 (a) a bhuineas do. Cultural observations about the child relevant to the pre-school group, gnothaichean cultair mun leanabh a bhuineas don bhuidhinn ro-sgoile
(b) expressed with da-rìreabh a bhuineas do. Maximum use of the language for communication relevant to children’s needs, làn-chleachdadh air a’ chànain airson conaltraidh da-rìreabh a bhuineas do dh’fheuman na cloinne
5 expressed with air. Part 3 offers some pointers relevant to Gaelic in the curriculum, tha Pàirt 3 a’ tairgse àireamh chomharran-iùil air a’ Ghàidhlig anns a’ chlàr-theagasg
relevantly adv gu h-iomchaidh. Respond relevantly, a’ freagairt gu h-iomchaidh
relief n 1 faochadh m, gen faochaidh
2 (geography) tìr-chumadh m, gen tìr-chumaidh
relief mod (geography) 1 tìr-chumaidh. A relief map, mapa tìr-chumaidh
2 tìr-chumach. Relief rainfall, uisge tìr-chumach
religion n 1 creideamh m, gen creideimh, pl creideamhan
2 cràbhadh m, gen cràbhaidh. We believe that no family should be excluded from the group’s activities on the grounds of culture, religion or belief, tha sinn a’ creidsinn nach bu chòir gum bitheadh teaghlach sam bith air an dùnadh a-mach bho ghnìomhan na buidhne mar thoradh air cultar, cràbhadh no creideamh
religious a 1 spioradail
2 cràbhach
3 creideimh. Religious observations about the child relevant to the pre-school group, gnothaichean creideimh mun leanabh a bhuineas don bhuidhinn ro-sgoile
religious education n phr foghlam m spioradail, gen foghlaim spioradail. All the outcomes of religious and moral education will be taught through Gaelic, is ann tro Ghàidhlig a bhithear a’ teagasg na tha a’ sruthadh à foghlam spioradail agus moralta
reluctance n ain-deòin f
reluctant a ain-deònach, comp ain-deònaiche
remain n
remains n pl 1 (a) làrach f, gen làraich. Lying to the east of the turf walls are the remains of a round house, suidhichte an ear air na gàrraidhean-fàil tha an làrach aig taigh cruinn ann
(b) làraichean f pl. The remains of several different periods of settlement can be seen, chithear làraichean a bhuineas do ghrunnan de dhiofar amannan tuineachaidh. The visible remains are more recent, buinidh na làraichean faicsinneach do dh’àm nas fhaisg oirnn
2 (ruin of house) tobhta f, pl tobhtaichean. Here can be seen the remains of a substantial rectangular building, chithear an seo an tobhta aig togalach susbainteach ceart-cheàrnach
3 lorg f, gen luirge. There are the remains of a dividing wall down the centre of the hill-field, gheibhear lorg air balla-dealachaidh sìos meadhan an achaidh
4 expressed with na tha air fhàgail. These stones are the remains of a stone wall probably built in prehistoric times, ’s iad na clachan seo na tha air fhàgail de ghàrradh-cloiche a chaidh a thogail is dòcha aig àm roi-eachdraidheil
remain v i 1 expressed with lean air, vn leantainn air. While his/her work in Writing and Reading remains at Level C, agus a chuid obrach ann an Sgrìobhadh agus ann an leughadh a’ leantainn oirre aig Ìre C
2 mair, vn mairsinn m. Sometimes this internal rhyme remains on the same sound through more than one long line, uaireannan tha an comhardadh seo a’ mairsinn air an aon fhuaim tro bharrachd is aon sreath fada
3 fuirich plus an prep, vn fuireach plus an prep. He had a house and crofts, but he remained a bachelor all his life, bha taigh is lotaichean aige, ach dh’fhuirich e na sheana-ghille fad a bheatha
4 expressed with fhathast. Texts in which there are characters whose emotional conflicts remain unresolved, teacsaichean anns a bheil pearsachan nach d’fhuair fuasgladh fhathast air an spàirn a tha anns na faireachdainnean aca. The land has remained under sheep to the present day, tha an talamh fhathast fo chaoraich an diugh
remainder n an còrr m
remark n expressed with cainnt f. Discriminatory remarks are unacceptable in the pre-school, cha ghabhar ri cainnt lethbhreitheach san ro-sgoil
remarkable a sònraichte
remarkably adv gu sònraichte. Evidence for the halt of the glacier can be seen in the form of a remarkably continuous end-moraine, gheibhear dearbhadh air mar a stad an eigh-shruth ann am moraine-chrìche a tha gu sònraichte leantainneach
remind v tr cuir an cuimhne, vn cur an cuimhne. Pupils will be reminded of the appropriate terminology, cuirear an cuimhne na cloinne am briathrachas a tha freagarrach
remote a 1 iomallach, comp iomallaich
2 expressed with aig astar. It will permit imaginative investigation of situations apparently remote from themselves, bheir e cothrom do rannsachadh tro mhac-meanmna air suidhichidhean a shaoileadh tu a tha aig astar bhuapa fhèin
3 fad às. To switch on remote pumps, gus pumpaichean a tha fad às a shuidseadh air
remove v tr thoir às, vn toirt às
renaissance n ath-bheothachadh m, gen ath-bheothachaidh
the Renaissance pr n Linn f an Ath-bheothachaidh
renal a àirneach
renew v tr 1 ath-nuadhaich, vn ath-nuadhachadh m
2 ùraich, vn ùrachadh
renewable a 1 leantainneach. Renewable resources, stòrasan leantainneach
2 so-ath-nuadhachaidh. Renewable resources, stòrasan so-ath-nuadhachaidh
renewal n ath-nuadhachadh m, gen ath-nuadhachaidh
rennet n binid f
reorganise v tr ath-òrdaich, vn ath-òrdachadh m
reorganisation n ath-òrdachadh m, gen ath-òrdachaidh
repair n càradh m, gen càraidh
repair mod càraidh. Repair work, obair chàraidh
repair v tr càraich, vn càradh m
repay v tr 1 ath-dhìol, vn ath-dhìoladh m
2 ath-phàigh, vn ath-phàigheadh m
repayment n 1 (a) ath-dhìoladh m, gen ath-dhìolaidh, pl ath-dhìolaidhean
(b) airgead m ath-dhìolaidh, gen airgid ath-dhìolaidh. How often does she make the repayments? dè cho tric ’s a bhitheas i a’ pàigheadh an airgid ath-dhìolaidh?
2 ath-phàigheadh m, gen ath-phàighidh, pl ath-phàighidhean
repeat v tr 1 atharrais, vn atharrais f. Beginners will repeat new language, bidh luchd-tòiseachaidh ag atharrais càinnt ùir. Pupils will be given chances to repeat favourite parts, gheibh a’ chlann cothrom air a bhith ag atharrais nan earrann as fheàrr leotha fhèin
2 ath-aithris, vn ath-aithris f. This short phrase is repeated, tha an abairt ghoirid seo air a h-ath-aithris. He first sang the chorus, repeating the first phrase of the chorus, and he then sang the first verse with the chorus following, sheinn e an toiseach am fonn, agus dh’ath-aithris e a’ chiad abairt den fhonn, agus sheinn e an uair sin a’ chiad rann agus am fonn na dèidh
3 tachair a-rithist, vn tachairt a-rithist. As the river flows back into the sea so the water cycle is repeated, mar a bhitheas an abhainn a’ sruthadh air ais don mhuir, mar sin tha an cearcall uisge a’ tachairt a-rithist
repeatedly adv uair is uair. An attempt was made repeatedly to stop them, thugadh oidhirp uair is uair air stad a chur orra
repent v tr & i gabh an t-aithreachas, vn gabhail an aithreachais
repentance n aithreachas m, gen aithreachais
repentant a aithreachail
repertoire n 1 stòr m, gen stòir, pl stòran
2 not directly expressed. Helps pupils to extend their repertoire of presentational styles, gus a’ chlann a chuideachadh gus leudachadh air na dòighean a tha aca air iad fhèin a chur an cèill
repetition n 1 atharrais f, pl atharraisean. Especially songs involving action and repetition, gu sònraichte òrain anns a bheil gnìomh agus atharrais. Repetitions, rhythms and rhymes, atharrais, ruitheam agus duanagan. These skills will be consolidated by the repetition of language, bidh na sgilean seo air an daingneachadh le atharrais air cainnt
2 ath-aithris f, gen ath-aithrise, pl ath-aithrisean
replace v tr gabh àite, vn gabhail àite. Ways in which these are replaced by sections of text, dòighean anns a bheil an àite sin air a ghabhail le earrainnean teacsa
replant v tr 1 ath-chuir, vn ath-chur m
2 ath-phlanntaich, vn ath-phlanntachadh m
replanting n 1 ath-chur m, gen ath-chuir
2 ath-phlanntachadh m, gen ath-phlanntachaidh
reply v i & tr freagair, vn freagairt. People listen best when the information is of importance to them, when they have to take some action on it or have the opportunity to reply or participate, is ann an uair a tha am fiosrachadh cudthromach dhaibh, an uair a dh’fheumas iad a chuir gu buil ann an dòigh air choireigin no an uair a tha cothrom aca a bhith a’ freagairt no a’ gabhail pàirt as fheàrr a dh’èisteas daoine
report n 1 aithisg f, gen aithisge, pl aithisgean. Reports, letters and news items, aithisgean, litrichean agus naidheachdan. Subsequent sections of the report offer …, tha earrainnean a tha a’ leantainn den aithisg a’ tairgse … Giving reports or presentations to other classes, a’ toirt aithisgean no iomraidhean do chlasaichean eile
2 iomradh , gen iomraidh, pl iomraidhean. Appropriate forms might include letters or reports of events, dh’fhaodadh litrichean no iomraidhean air nithean a thachair a bhith am measg nan seòrsachan iomchaidh. Where national tests are taken in Gaelic there will be a report on the results of these tests, far a bheil deuchainnean nàiseanta gan gabhail sa Ghàidhlig, bidh iomradh air mar a thèid don chloinn annta
3 aithris f, gen aithrise, pl aithrisean. I saw a report about it in the newspaper, chunnaic mi aithris ma dheidhinn anns a’ phàipear. The professional judgements which will form the basis of the report to parents, am breithneachadh proifeiseanta a bhitheas na bhunait aig an aithris do phàrantan
report v tr 1 aithris, vn aithris f, aithriseadh m. Reporting, ag aithris
2 thoir aithisg, vn toirt aithisg. They will report orally to teacher, bheir iad aithisg bheòil don tidsear
3 thoir cunntas, vn toirt cunntais. Report to a group or class, a’ toirt cunntais do bhuidhinn no do chlas. They will report briefly on what they have heard, bheir iad cunntas goirid air na chuala iad
4 thoir iomradh, vn toirt f iomraidh In order to report on group discussion, gus iomradh a thoirt air beachdachadh buidhne. Reporting on success and progress, a’ toirt iomraidh air soirbheachadh agus air piseach. Schools may report to parents through the medium of Gaelic or English, faodaidh sgoiltean iomradh a thoirt do phàrantan tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig no na Beurla
5 dèan iomradh air, vn dèanamh iomraidh air. Reporting the group’s discussion to the teacher, a’ dèanamh iomraidh don tidsear air co-bheachdachadh na buidhne
6 thoir fiosrachadh, vn toirt fiosrachaidh. For reporting to parents, gus fiosrachadh a thoirt do phàrantan
7 (b) thig an làthair, vn tighinn an làthair (to, aig or plus gen). Report to me tomorrow morning, thig am làthair madainn a-màireach
(b) rach an làthair, vn dol an làthair (to, aig or plus gen). Before she sets out on her visits, she reports to her office at the Town Hall, mus falbh i gu bhith a’ tadhal bidh i a’ dol an làthair aig an oifis aice san Talla Bhaile
reporter n 1 neach-aithisg m, pl luchd-aithisg. To accept roles such as chairman, reporter, a bhith a’ gabhail os làimh riochdan mar neach-cathrach, neach-aithisg
2 neach-naidheachd m, pl luchd-naidheachd
repossess v tr ath-shealbhaich, vn ath-shealbhachadh m
repossessed a ath-shealbhaichte. Repossessed furniture, àirneis ath-shealbhaichte
repossession n 1 ath-shealbhachadh m, gen ath-shealbhachaidh
2 (“repo’s”) ball m ath-shealbhaichte, pl buill ath-shealbhaichte. The shop warehouse was full of repossessions, repo’s, bha bathar-thaigh na bùtha lan bhall ath-shealbhaichte
represent v tr 1 riochdaich, vn riochdachadh m. These represent levels of attainment, tha iad seo a’ riochdachadh ìrean coileanaidh. This may be represented by the formula…, faodar seo a riochdachadh leis an fhoirmle…
2 expressed with riochdachadh m. Discussions will take account of how relationships and conflicts are represented, bidh beachdachadh a’ coimhead ri riochdachadh air dàimh agus strì
3 expressed with comharra m, pl comharran. These targets represent a reasonable progression for pupils, tha na cuimsean seo nan comharran air adhartas reusanta don chloinn
4 expressed with bi v. That the programmes represent a reasonable progression for pupils, gu bheil adhartas reusanta don chloinn anns na prògraman
representation n 1 dòigh-riochdachaidh f, pl dòighean-riochdachaidh. Pupils should have a growing sense of representations generally, and how they operate to construct and convey meanings, bu chòir do thuigse chloinne air dòighean-riochdachaidh anns an fharsaingeachd a bhith a’ dol am meud, agus mar tha iad sin ag oibreachadh gus brìgh a chur ri chèile agus a chur an cèill. A basis for later work on how representations define and limit real lives and real communities, bunait do dh’obair a nithear a-rithist air mar a tha dòighean-riochdachaidh a’ seulachadh beatha dhaoine agus choimhearsnachdan a tha ann an da-rìreabh, agus a’ cur chrìochan umpa
2 expressed with cuir far comhair, vn cur far comhair. Studying media representations of males and females will allow discussion of stereotyping and gender roles, bidh cothrom ann, le bhith a’ gabhail ealla ris mar a tha fireann agus boireann gan cur far comhair anns na meadhain, air beachdachadh air lèir-sheiseachadh agus air an àite a tha aig boireann agus fireann
represented a ri fhaotainn. More than one of them may, on occasion, be represented in a single class, faodaidh còrr is aon dhiubh a bhith ri fhaotainn aig amannan anns an aona chlas
reproduce v tr 1 cuir an cèill, vn cur an cèill. The guidance is reproduced here, tha an stiùireadh ga chur an cèill an seo
2 gin, vn gintinn m
reproduction n gintinn m
reproductive n a thaobh gintinn. There is evidence of reproductive effects, tha fianais ann air buadhan a thaobh gintinn
reptile n pèist f, pl pèistean
republic n poblachd f, pl poblachdan. The Republic of Ireland, Poblachd Èirinn
republican n poblachdach m, gen & pl poblachdaich
Republican pr n (N Ireland) neach-taic m na Poblachd, pl luchd-taic na Poblachd. Republicans and Unionists, luchd-taic na Poblachd agus luchd-taic an Aonaidh
republican a poblachdach
republicanism n poblachdas m, gen poblachdais
repurchase v tr ath-cheannaich, vn ath-cheannach m
reputation n cliù m. The prison had a bad reputation at that time, bha droch cliù aig a’ phrìosan aig an àm sin
request n iarrtas m, gen iarrtais, pl iarrtasan. Respond to and make requests, freagair agus cuir an cèill iarrtasan
require v tr 1 cuir feum air, vn cur m feum air. Pupils will require additional time to be spent on talking and listening, cuiridh a’ chlann feum air ùine a bharrachd a chur seachad a’ labhairt agus ag èisteachd. Learning how to read and write requires the teaching of a gradually enlarging descriptive vocabulary, tha ionnsachadh sgrìobhaidh is leughaidh a’ cur feum air briathrachas a theagasg a tha a’ meudachadh mean air mhean. A few may reveal signs of physical difficulties in hearing which will require treatment, àireamh bheag, ’s dòcha, a’ nochdadh gu bheil duilgheadasan corparra aca a thaobh èisteachd a chuireas feum air leasachadh
2 expressed with feum v. Others may have pronounced difficulties that require the opening of an individual Record of Needs, airson feadhainn eile aig a bheil duilgheadasan follaiseach, feumar Clàr Fheuman fhosgladh dhaibh fa leth. Some pupils will have difficulties that may require the provision of alternative means of communication, bidh duilgheadasan aig cuid a dh’fheumas, ’s dòcha, modhan conaltraidh seach an àbhaist a chur nan tairgse. Teachers will require to speak Gaelic extensively, feumaidh na tidsearan a bhith a’ bruidhinn mòran Gàidhlig. The transition from the relatively latent to the active phase in the immersion process will require sensitivity on the part of the teacher, feumaidh geur mhothachadh a bhith aig an tidsear ann a bhith a’ gluasad na cloinne on ùine a tha caran falchaidh a dh’ionnsaigh cleachdadh na Gàidhlig. Practical activities which will require them to talk together, gnìomhan prataigeach anns am feum iad a bhith a’ còmhradh
3 bi plus feum aig air. Pupils whose difficulties are so pronounced and complex as to require significant additional provision, clann aig a bheil duilgheadasan cho follaiseach agus cho ioma-fhillte agus gu bheil feum aca air tomhas mòr de thaice a bharrachd. Pupils with physical difficulties may require to be taught the skills necessary, dh’fhaoidte gum bi feum aig cloinn le duilgheadasan bodhaig air oideachadh anns na sgilean a dh’fheumas iad. The bulk of the evidence the teacher requires should normally come from the first of these sources, anns a’ chumantas ’s ann às a’ chiad raon dhiubh seo as còir a’ mhòrchuid den dearbhadh a thighinn air a bheil feum aig an tidsear
4 expressed with feum m. For groups, and, where required, for individuals, do bhuidhnean, agus, far a bheil feum, do dhaoine fa leth
5 thoir air, vn toirt air. An increasing range of texts which will require them to use and develop this existing body of knowledge, barrachd sheòrsachan theacsaichean a bheir orra an t-eòlas seo a tha aca a-cheana a chleachdadh agus a thoirt air adhart
6 expressed with thoir air gum feum, vn toirt air gum feum. Practical situations which will require them to read relevant information, suidhichidhean prataigeach a bheir orra gum feum iad a bhith a’ leughadh fiosrachaidh iomchaidh
7 leig leas, vn leigeil leas. Comments can be made on particular strands when the teacher judges it necessary, but reference to all of the strands is not necessarily required, faodar iomradh a dhèanamh air iallan àraidh an uair a bhitheas an tidsear den bheachd gu bheil sin iomchaidh, ach cha leigear a leas iomradh a dhèanamh air na h-iallan uile
8 sùilich, vn sùileachadh m. The teacher will demonstrate and require different writing strategies, bidh an tidsear a’ taisbeanadh caochladh sheòrsachan de dhòighean-sgrìobhaidh, agus gan sùileachadh. Understanding what is required of them enables pupils to focus their minds on how to meet it, tha tuigse air na thàtar a’ sùileachadh orra a’ toirt cothroim don chloinn an inntinn a leagail air mar a choileanas iad sin
9 expressed with mar uallach air. Educators will require to equip Gaelic-speaking pupils with the skills necessary, bidh e mar uallach air luchd-oideachaidh clann aig a bheil Gàidhlig uidheamachadh leis na sgilean a dh’fheumas iad
required a 1 riatanach. Growing independence in the analysis of what is required, fàs ann an neo-eisimeileachd ann an eadar-sgaradh air na tha riatanach. It is very much easier for pupils to see what is required for such larger units of meaning, tha e cus nas fhasa do chloinn a thuigsinn dè tha riatanach airson aonadan-brìgh mòra den t-seòrsa seo
2 expressed with bi plus feum air. Among the resources required, am measg nan goireasan air a bheil feum. A phased approach towards strengthening Gaelic as a living language is required, tha feum air dòigh-obrach a fhreagras air gach ceum gus a’ Ghàidhlig a neartachadh mar chànan beò
requirement n 1 feumalachd f, pl feumalachdan. This will include the requirements of the main areas of the curriculum, bidh seo a’ gabhail a-staigh feumalachdan nam prìomh roinnean den chlàr-theagaisg
2 feum m, pl feuman. Pupils will show confidence in meeting the language requirements of Level E, bidh a’ chlann a’ nochdadh misnich ann a bhith a’ coileanadh feuman cànain Ìre E. There may be a constraint of time or other requirements to be met, ’s dòcha gum feumar gabhail ri gainne ùine no ri feuman sònraichte eile. The recommendations in this report imply the following requirements regarding teaching resources, togar às na molaidhean anns an aithisg seo na feuman a leanas a thaobh ghoireasan-teagaisg
3 (a) riatanas m, gen riatanais, pl riatanais, riatanasan. All requirements of the local Department of Environmental Health must be complied with, feumar tighinn a-rèir gach riatanais a bhitheas aig Roinn ionadail na Slàinte Àrainneachail
(b) expressed with na tha riatanach. The requirements of pupils with special educational needs are further developed in the statement included in Part 3, thàtar a’ leudachadh air na tha riatanach do chloinn le feuman sònraichte ann am foghlam, anns na tha air a chur sìos ann am Pàirt 3
rescue n teasairginn f
rescue mod teasairginn. Rescue ship, bàta teasairginn
research n 1 rannsachadh m, gen rannsachaidh. For the purposes of a piece of personal research, gus rannsachadh pearsanta a chur air adhart. The topics may involve the pupils in research, cuiridh na cuspairean a’ chlann gu rannsachadh
2 sgrùdadh m, pl sgrùdaidh. In order to gather information for cross-curricular research, gus fiosrachadh a thional airson sgrùdaidh thar a’ chlàir-theagaisg
research mod rannsachaidh. Pupils will use a wider range of research procedures, bidh a’ chlann a’ cleachdadh barrachd de dhòighean rannsachaidh
reserve n tèarmann m, gen & pl tèarmainn
nature reserve n phr tèarmann m nàdair, gen & pl tèarmainn nàdair
reserves n pl stòras m, gen stòrais. Mineral reserves, stòras mèinnearach
reservoir n stòr-amar m, gen stòr-amair, pl stòr-amaran
re-set v tr ath-shuidhich, vn ath-shuidheachadh m
resettle v tr ath-àitich, vn ath-àiteachadh m
resettlement n ath-àiteachadh m, gen ath-àiteachaidh
re-shape v tr 1 ath-chum, vn ath-chumadh m
2 dèan ath-chumadh, vn dèanamh ath-chumaidh. Discussion will help pupils to reflect, consider and begin to re-shape their stories, bidh beachdachadh na chuideachadh don chloinn gu bhith a’ cnuasachadh agus a’ toirt fa-near agus a’ tòiseachadh air ath-chumadh a dhèanamh air an cuid stòiridhean
residence n fuireach m, gen fuirich. Place of residence, àite fuirich
resident a còmhnaidheach. The birds that are resident in the wood, na h-eòin a tha a’ còmhnaidh sa choille
residential a còmhnaidheach
residue n fuigheall m, pl fuighill
resin n ròsaid f
resistance n bacadh m, gen bacaidh. Air resistance, bacadh èadhair
resistant a 1 seasmhach, comp seasmhaiche (to, an aghaidh plus gen).
2 expressed with seas, vn seasamh m. Low ridges of volcanic rock that were more resistant to glaciation, dromannan ìosal de chreig bholcànaich a tha air seasamh nas fheàrr an aghaidh bleithe eigheadail
resolution n 1 fuasgladh m, gen fuasglaidh, pl fuasglaidhean. The notions of openings, turning points, resolutions can be introduced, faodar nithean mar tha fosglaidhean, tionndaidhean agus fuasglaidhean a thoirt a-steach
2 dòigh-fhuasglaidh f, pl dòighean-fuasglaidh. Involving them in discussion to suggest resolutions, gan cur an sàs ann am beachdachadh gus ròs fhaighinn air dòighean-fuasglaidh
3 expressed with fuasgail ceist. Achieving resolutions, a’ fuasgladh cheistean
resolve v tr fuasgail, vn fuasgladh m. Discussions will take account of how relationships and conflicts are represented, and how these are resolved within the text, bidh beachdachadh a’ coimhead ri riochdachadh air dàimh agus strì, agus mar a thàtar gam fuasgladh sin anns an teacsa
resort n (holiday) 1 àite m shaor-làithean, pl àitean shaor-làithean
2 baile m turasachd, pl bailtean turasachd
resource n 1 goireas m, pl goireasan. They are a resource to be used, tha iad nan goireas a bu chòir a chleachdadh. Teaching resources, goireasan-teagaisg. Taking into account local resources, a’ gabhail ealla ri goireasan na sgìre. That teachers have access to an appropriate range of resources, gu bheil cothrom aig tidsearan air sreath iomchaidh de ghoireasan. Currently available resources for delivery of some areas of the curriculum are generally acknowledged to be below a desirable level, thàtar gu coitcheann ag aideachadh nach eil na tha ri fhaotainn an-ceartuair de ghoireasan airson cuid de raointean a’ chlàir-theagaisg a thoirt gu buil cho math ’s bu mhiann leinn
2 (a) stòras m, gen stòrais, pl stòrasan. Finite resources, stòrasan crìochnach. Natural resources, stòrasan nàdarra. Non-renewable resources, stòrasan neo-leantainneach. Renewable resources, stòrasan leantainneach. Animal resources, stòras ainmhidheach
(b) stòr-taice m, gen stòr-thaice. Development of resources for pre-school groups, leasachadh air stòr-taice do bhuidhnean ro-sgoile
3 stuth-taice, gen stuth-thaice. Resources will be chosen to give children a balanced view of the world, thèid stuth-taice a thaghadh gus sealladh cothromach a thoirt do chloinn air an t-saoghal
resource mod 1 stòrais. Resource development, leasachadh stòrais
2 taice. Resource centre, ionad taice. Resource materials, stuth-taice
resources mod stòr-thaice. Resources officer, oifigeach stòr-thaice
resourceful a 1 teòma
2 innleachdail
resourcefulness n teòmachd f. Linguistic resourcefulness, teòmachd cànain
respect v tr 1 thoir urram do, vn toirt urraim do. All children will be respected and their individuality and potential recognised, valued and nurtured, bheirear urram do gach aon neach-cloinne; bheirear àite dligheach da pearsantachd air leth agus do na dh’fhaodas i a thoirt gu ìre, agus thèid na feartan seo àrach is thèid luach a chur orra
2 seall urram do, vn sealltainn urraim do. You are asked to respect the Country Code, thathar ag iarraidh ort urram a shealltainn do Chòd na Dùthcha. Parents are asked to respect this policy whilst at the pre-school, thathar ag iarraidh air pàrantan urram a shealltainn don phoileasaidh seo nuair a bhitheas iad anns an ro-sgoile
respective a
respectively adv 1 fa leth. The second foot is paeanic or trochaic, i.e. having an odd number (three or one respectively) of syllables with lesser stress between the syllables having main stress, tha an dara troigh paeanach no tròicèach, i.e. le àireimh chòrr (a trì no a h-aon fa leth) de lidean le cudthrom as lugha eadar na lidean air a bheil prìomh chudthrom
2 mu seach
respiration n analachadh m, gen analachaidh
respirator n anailiche m, pl anailichean
respiratory a analach. Any staff member who contracts a persistant cough or respiratory infection must withdraw from work, ma thogas neach sam bith den luchd-obrach casad leanailteach no gabhaltachd analach feumaidh i/e tarraing a-mach às a cuid/chuid obrach
respire v i anailich, vn analachadh m
respond v tr 1 freagair, vn freagairt f. To respond appropriately, gus freagairt ann an dòigh iomchaidh
2 not directly expressed. How members should respond by taking their turn, mar as còir do bhuill na buidhne cumail ris an òrdugh cheart. They will continue to respond by investigating a text using discussion, bidh iad fhathast a’ rannsachadh teacsa tro cho-bheachdachadh
respond to v phr 1 freagair, vn freagairt f. The school will identify, assess and respond to all such needs, bidh an sgoil a’ comharrachadh, a’ measadh agus a’ freagairt gach feum den t-seòrsa sin. Pupils will be able to respond to simple practical instructions, thèid aig a’ chloinn air seòladh sìmplidh prataigeach a fhreagairt
2 freagair ri, vn freagairt ri. Pupils will listen individually and in groups so as to respond to speakers and texts, bidh sgoilearan ag èisteachd an dà chuid fa leth agus nam buidhnean ach am freagair iad ri luchd-bruidhne agus ri teacsaichean
3 thoir freagairt, vn toirt freagairt. Pupils will respond to given stimuli, bidh a’ chlann a’ toirt freagairt mar a ghluaisear iad
4 thoir freagairt do, vn toirt freagairt do. In order to respond in some depth to a major feature of a text, gus freagairt ann an tomhas doimhne a thoirt do phrìomh nì a bhuineas do theacsa
5 bi a’ co-fhreagairt ri. They will have regular practice in listening to their classmates’ news and responding to it in some way, bidh cothrom cunbhalach aca air a bhith ag èisteachd ri naidheachdan an co-aoisean agus air a bhith a’ co-fhreagairt riutha ann an dòigh air choireigin
6 toir barail air, vn toirt barail air. The teacher should respond to the content of what is being written, tha còir aig an tidsear barail a thoirt air susbaint na thàtar a’ sgrìobhadh
7 coinnich ri, vn coinneachadh ri. They will respond flexibly to the perceived needs of pupils, bidh iad a’ coinneachadh ann an caochladh dhòighean ri feuman na cloinne mar a thàtar gam faicinn
8 dèilig ri, vn dèiligeadh ri. In responding to such issues, ann a bhith a’ dèiligeadh ri cùisean den t-seòrsa seo
9 dèan obair (or bi ag obair) fo bhuaidh. To enjoy and respond to a variety of texts, gus toileachadh fhaighinn à caochladh sheòrsachan theacsaichean agus gus obair a dhèanamh fo am buaidh. Listening in order to respond to texts, ag obair fo bhuaidh theacsaichean. With opportunities to respond to books, other texts, and pupils’ own talk and writing, le cothrom air a bhith ag obair fo bhuaidh leabhraichean agus theacsaichean eile, agus cuideachd fo bhuaidh còmhradh agus sgrìobhadh na cloinne fhèin
10 cuir an gnìomh, vn cur an gnìomh. Give and respond to instructions relating to classroom activities and situations, cuir an cèill agus cuir an gnìomh iarrtasan co-cheangailte ri obair agus suidheachaidhean a’ chlas. Beginners might be asked to respond to simple instructions, dh’fhaodaiste iarraidh air luchd-tòiseachaidh seòladh sìmplidh a chur an gnìomh
11 gabh ri, vn gabhail ri. Most pupils will respond readily to stories, gabhaidh a’ chuid mhòr de chloinn gu deònach ri stòiridhean. The teacher should respond with understanding to the diversity of language, tha còir aig an tidsear a bhith a’ gabhail le tuigse ris an iomadalachd cànain. The school will respond positively to these very different pupil backgrounds, bidh an sgoil a’ gabhail gu taiceil, seasmhach ris na seòrsachan àrainneachd chloinne seo a tha cho fìor eadar-dhealaichte. In responding to these tasks and stimuli, ann a bhith a’ gabhail ris na gnìomhan agus na brosnachaidhean seo
12 tog, vn togail f. To all who responded to the invitation, do na h-uile a thog an cuireadh
13 expressed with gluais, vn gluasad m. They will respond to an increasing variety of stimuli, bidh iad air an gluasad gu cainnt le caochladh fàsail de sheòrsachan nithean
14 expressed with fo bhuaidh. Listening in order to respond to texts, ag èisteachd fo bhuaidh theacsaichean
responding n freagairt f. More formal contexts for listening and responding, suidhichidhean na b’fhoirmeile airson èisteachd agus freagairt
response n 1 (a) freagairt f, pl freagairtean. Pupils will demonstrate a response to their listening, bidh a’ chlann a’ nochdadh freagairt do an cuid èisteachd. The teacher will be able to assess a pupil’s level of response, thèid aig an tidsear air ìre freagairt gach pàiste a mheasadh. Pupils can be asked for a personal response, faodar freagairt phearsanta iarraidh air cloinn. Higher expectations of response are expressed in the more detailed guidance which follows, tha iomradh air na thàtar a’ sùileachadh a bharrachd ann am freagairtean anns an stiùireadh nas mionaidiche a leanas. The teacher will have to support pupils in their responses, feumaidh an tidsear taice thoirt don chloinn nan cuid fhreagairtean. Teachers will take pupils beyond purely literal responses, bheir na tidsearan a’ chlann thar fhreagairt a tha litireil a-mhàin
(b)expressed with freagair, vn freagairt f. In talking offer a personal response to the events, a’ freagairt ann an cainnt gu pearsanta fa chomhair na thachair. They should now be giving a personal response, bu chòir dhaibh a bhith a’ freagairt gu pearsanta
2 (a) expressed with gabh ri, vn gabhail ri. Offering a personal response to the events, a’ gabhail gu pearsanta ris na tachartasan
(b) expressed with na tha … a’ dèanamh gus gabhail ri. A differentiated curriculum will be a feature of schools’ responses to such needs, bidh clàr-teagaisg iomachruthach mar phàirt de na bhitheas na sgoiltean a’ dèanamh gus gabhail ri an leithid seo a dh’fheuman
(c) expressed with dòigh anns an gabh … ri. The response of audience will help the reader to review reading performance, bidh an dòigh anns an gabh an luchd-amais ris na chuideachadh don leughadair gu bhith a’ breithneachadh air na tha e ris
3 expressed with coinnich ri, vn coinneachadh ri. By making clearer their awareness of listeners’ needs, and by encouraging their response to these, le bhith a’ geurachadh am mothachaidh air feuman an luchd-èisteachd, agus le bhith gam misneachadh gu bhith a’ coinneachadh riutha sin
4 expressed with ann a bhith a’ dèiligeadh ri. The response to discriminatory behaviour will aim to be sensitive to the feelings of the victim or victims, ann a bhith a’ dèiligeadh ri gnìomhan lethbhreitheach bithear ag amas air a bhith mothachail air faireachdainnean an neach no na feadhna a dh’fhuiling
5 not directly expressed. Writing concerned with close reading and critical responses to texts, sgrìobhadh a tha co-cheangailte ri leughadh mionaideach agus ri breithneachadh air teacsaichean
responsibility n 1 uallach m, gen uallaich. Taking responsibility for organising their work, a’ gabhail uallaich gus rian a chur air an cuid obrach. This has two aspects: the decreasing degree of support given to the pupil and the increasing responsibility given to pupils, tha dà nì àraidh co-cheangailte ri seo: an taice a bheirear don phàiste a’ dol nas lugha agus an t-uallach a thàtar a’ cur air cloinn a’ dol am meud. It is important to note that teachers retain scope and responsibility to choose forms and criteria for assessment, tha e cudthromach a bhith a’ toirt an aire gu bheil fhathast cothrom aig tidsearan, agus uallach orra cuideachd, a bhith a’ taghadh mhodhan agus comharraidhean measaidh
2 expressed with mar uallach air. All departments in secondary schools will have responsibility for the development of language, bidh e mar uallach air na roinnean uile anns na h-àrdsgoiltean cànain a leasachadh. It is the responsibility of the school to apply the attainment targets, tha e mar uallach air an sgoil na cuimsean coileanaidh a chur an sàs
responsible a 1 aidmheileach. I will be responsible to you, bidh mise aidmheileach dhutsa
2 ciontach. The response to discriminatory behaviour will aim to help those responsible to understand and overcome their prejudices, ann a bhith a’ dèiligeadh ri gnìomhan lethbhreitheach bithear ag amas air a bhith a’ cuideachadh leis an fheadhainn a tha ciontach gus an cuid claon-bhàidh a thuigsinn agus a cheannsachadh
3 freagarrach do
4 expressed with uallach air. We are all responsible for the welfare and safety of our children, tha maitheas is sàbhailteachd ar cloinne mar uallach òirnn uile
responsive a expressed with co-fhreagair, vn co-fhreagairt. To be responsive to the feelings of others, gus a bhith a’ co-fhreagairt ri faireachdainnean dhaoine eile
rest n (remainder) a’ chuid f eile. In the rest of the guidelines, anns a’ chuid eile den stiùireadh
rest n (relaxation)
at rest a phr na thàmh
have a rest v phr leig anail, vn leigeil analach
rest v i 1 leig anail, vn leigeil analach
2 laigh, vn laighe m & f. The rafters rested on the outer wall to form a conical structure, bha na cabair nan laighe air taobh a-muigh a’ bhaile, rud a dhèanadh structar cònach
3 expressed with gun ghluasad. Letting a liquid rest, a bhith a’ leigeil le lionnach fuireach gun ghluasad
restless a an-fhoiseil
restlessness n an-fhois f, gen an-fhoise
restock v tr ath-stoc, vn ath-stocadh m
restocking n ath-stocadh m, gen ath-stocaidh
restoration n aiseag m, gen aiseig. A restoration of health, aiseag slàinte
restore v tr aisig, vn aiseag m
2 thoir air ais, ivn toirt air ais
restrain v tr bac, vn bacadh m
restraint n 1 bacadh m, gen bacaidh, pl bacaidhean
2 uidheam-bhacaidh f, gen uidheim-bacaidh, pl uidheaman-bacaidh. Appropriate restraints must be used in high chairs, feumar uidheaman-bacaidh iomchaidh a chleachdadh air sèithrichean-àrda
restrict v tr
restricted a suidhichte. A restricted amount of water, uimhir shuidhichte a dh’uisge
restriction n bacadh m, gen bacaidh. Traffic restriction, bacadh siubhail
result n 1 toradh m, gen toraidh, pl toraidhean
2 buil, f, gen buile
3 (a) expressed with mar a thèid do. Where national tests are taken in Gaelic there will be a report on the result of these tests, far a bheil deuchainnean nàiseanta gan gabhail sa Ghàidhlig, bidh iomradh air mar a thèid don chloinn annta
(b) expressed with mar a thèid cùisean. The effect that these changes might have on the result of the election, a’ bhuaidh a dh’fhaodadh a bhith aig na h-atharrachaidhean sin air mar a thèid cùisean anns an taghadh
as a result adv phr mar thoradh air an seo
result v i
result in v phr 1 adhbharaich gu, vn adhbharachadh gu. It may be that the same kind of creative process is somehow involved here as results in the survival of the unstressed rhymes in the other songs, faodaidh e bhith gu bheil an aon seòrsa obrach-cruthachaidh a’ sàs ann, rathad-eigin, ’s a tha ag adhbharachadh gun do mhair na comhardaidhean gun chudthrom anns na h-òrain eile
2 expressed with thig gu ìre, vn tighinn gu ìre. The successful attainment of these targets will result in the following outcomes, ma ruigear na cuimsean coileanaidh seo thig na builean a leanas gu ìre
3 expressed with mar thoradh air (plus dat). This resulted in the accomplishment of the task, mar thoradh air an seo bha an obair air a toirt gu buil
resurrection n aiseirigh f
retail n meanbh-reic f, gen meanbh-reice
retail mod 1 meanbh-reic. The retail sector, roinn na meanbh-reice
2 expressed with bhùthan. The retail sector, roinn nam bùthan
retain v tr 1 (a) expressed with bi plus aig plus fhathast. It is important to note that teachers retain scope and responsibility to choose forms and criteria for assessment, tha e cudthromach a bhith a’ toirt an aire gu bheil fhathast cothrom aig tidsearan, agus uallach orra cuideachd, a bhith a’ taghadh mhodhan agus comharraidhean measaidh
(b) expressed with bi plus an prep plus fhathast. They will retain strong rhythms, bi ruitheam làidir annta fhathast
2 glèidh, vn glèidheadh m
retake v tr ath-ghabh, vn ath-ghabhail m
re-tell v tr 1 innis as ùr, vn innse as ùr. The teacher should also take this as a teaching opportunity by re-telling the story in Gaelic, bu chòir don tidsear cothrom-ionnsachaidh a dhèanamh dheth le bhith ag innse an sgeòil as ùr anns a’ Ghàidhlig
2 ath-aithris, vn ath-aithris f. Pupils will be encouraged to tell or re-tell stories, bithear a’ misneachadh na cloinne gu bhith ag aithris no ag ath-aithris stòiridhean
3 bi ag atharrais. They will be able to tell or re-tell brief stories, bidh comas aca stòiridhean goirid aithris no atharrais
re-telling n expressed with innis as ùr plus aon. Stories, including re-telling by pupils of stories, stòiridhean, agus clann a bhith ag innse nan aon stòiridhean as ùr
rethink v ath-bhreithnich, vn ath-bhreithneachadh m. But they may well offer information to allow methodologies to be rethought, ach faodaidh iad air a shon sin fiosrachadh a thoirt seachad a bheir cothrom ath-bhreithneachadh air dòighean-teagaisg
retina n reitine m
retirement n cluaineas m, gen cluaineis. Happy retirement to you, cluaineas sona dhut
retrace v tr ath-lorgaich, vn ath-lorgachadh m
retrieve v tr 1 ath-bhuidhinn, vn ath-bhuidhinn f, ath-bhuidhinneadh m
2 lorg, vn lorg m. The microcomputer’s capacity for storing and retrieving data, comas a’ mhion-choimpiutair air dàta a stòradh agus a lorg
retroflex a ais-lùbaidh. Retroflex consonant, connrag ais-lùbaidh
retrospect n ath-bheachd m
retrospection n ais-amharc m ais-amhairc
return n (commerce) ais-thilleadh m, gen ais-thillidh, pl ais-thillidhean. Tax return, ais-thilleadh cìse
return v tr & i till, vn tilleadh m. A variety of topics, many of which will be returned to in more depth later, caochladh chuspairean agus iad a’ dol a thilleadh gu mòran diubh sin ’s a’ dol nas doimhne annta a-rithist
returning officer n phr neach m gairm nan bhòta, pl luchd gairm nan bhòta
reunion n 1 ath-aonadh m, gen ath-aonaidh, pl ath-aonaidhean
2 ath-choinneachadh m, gen ath-choinneachaidh
3 expressed with cruinneachadh m, gen cruinneachaidh, pl cruinneachaidhean. She decided to attend the school reunion, chuir i roimhpe gun rachadh i don chruinneachadh de sheann sgoileirean
reuse v tr 1 ath-chleachd, vn ath-chleachdadh m
2 cleachd, vn cleachdadh m. Turf walled buildings had a short life and the turves could be reused as fertiliser for the fields, cha mhaireadh togalaichean le ballachan-fàil fada agus bhite a’ cleachdadh an t-seann fhàil mar mhathachadh do na raointean
reveal v tr 1 nochd, vn nochdadh m. Revealing some reaction to one aspect of the text, a’ nochdadh gu bheilear a’ gabhail gu ìre ri aon nì a bhuineas don teacsa. A few may reveal signs of physical difficulties, àireamh bheag, ’s dòcha, a’ nochdadh gu bheil duilgheadasan corparra aca
2 foillsich, vn foillseachadh m. Parts of it will be devoted to dialogue which reveals personality, bidh cuid dhith air a toirt do chòmhradh a tha a’ foillseachadh pearsantachd. The genre to which a text belongs is usually revealed early in the text, tha a’ ghnè dom buin teacsa àraidh mar as trice ga foillseachadh tràth anns an teacsa
reverse a contrarach. Reverse osmosis, osmòsais chontrarach
review n 1 sgrùdadh m, gen sgrùdaidh. Review and Development Groups, Buidhnean Sgrùdaidh agus Leasachaidh
2 breithneachadh m, gen breithneachaidh, pl breithnichidhean. It will help them to undertake a systematic review, cuidichidh e iad gus breithneachadh rianail a dhèanamh. The teacher can display written reviews, faodaidh an tidsear breithnichidhean sgrìobhte a thaisbeanadh
3 ath-bhreithneachadh m, gen ath-bhreithneachaidh. The starting point for such a review will be, aig fìor thoiseach an ath-bhreithneachaidh seo bidh. Any review of policy will mean, ma bhios ath-bhreithneachadh ga dhèanamh air poileasaidh tha seo a’ ciallachadh
4 lèirmheas m, pl lèirmheasan. A book review, lèirmheas leabhair
review v tr 1 ath-bhreithnich, vn ath-bhreithneachadh m. These should now be reviewed, bu chòir iad seo a-nis ath-bhreithneachadh. Programmes of work will have to be carefully reviewed, feumar prògraman obrach an ath-bhreithneachadh gu faiceallach
2 breithnich, vn breithneachadh m. The Guidelines give schools advice on how to review and develop their assessment policies, tha an stiùireadh a’ tairgse comhairle do sgoiltean air mar a bhreithnicheas iad agus mar a bheir iad gu ìre am poileasaidhean measaidh. To review the design and teaching of Gaelic, gus dealbhadh agus teagasg na Gàidhlig a bhreithneachadh. To review and evaluate their own performance, gus a bhith a’ breithneachadh agus a’ measadh na h-obrach aca fhèin
3 breithnich air, vn breithneachadh air. The Programmes of Study are designed to assist schools in reviewing their practices, tha na clàran oideachaidh air an cur ri chèile gus cuideachadh le sgoiltean ann a bhith a’ breithneachadh air na dòighean obrach aca. The school will review its options for these advantaged and disadvantaged pupils, bidh an sgoil a’ breithneachadh air a cuid roghainnean airson na cloinne seo, bho shealladh cothroim agus anacothroim
4 dèan breithneachadh air, vn dèanamh breithneachaidh air. They will learn to use audio or video recorders to recall and review what they have said, bidh iad ag ionnsachadh mar a chleachdas iad innealan-clàraidh cluaise agus bhideo gus ùrachadh agus breithneachadh a dhèanamh air na thubhairt iad
5 dèan ath-bhreithneachadh air, vn dèanamh ath-bhreithneachaidh air. There may also be times when the teacher will wish to review the evidence of a pupil’s progress, faodaidh gum bi amannan ann cuideachd an uair a bhitheas an tidsear ag iarraidh ath-bhreithneachadh a dhèanamh air an dearbhadh a tha ann air adhartas pàiste
6 thoir sgrùdadh air, vn toirt sgrùdaidh air. The teacher will be able to review and evaluate the learning and teaching which is taking place, thèid aig an tidsear air sgrùdadh agus luachadh a thoirt air an ionnsachadh agus air an teagasg a tha a’ gabhail àite
7 dèan lèirmheas air, vn dèanamh lèirmheas air
reviewer n lèirmheasaiche m, pl lèirmheasaichean
revise v tr ath-sgrùd, vn ath-sgrùdadh m
2 dèan ath-sgrùdadh air, vn dèanamh ath-sgrùdaidh air. But they may well offer information to allow the curriculum to be revised, ach faodaidh iad air a shon sin fiosrachadh a thoirt seachad a bheir cothrom ath-sgrùdadh a dhèanamh air a’ chlàr-theagaisg
revision n 1 ath-sgrùdadh m, gen ath-sgrùdaidh
2 ath-obair f, gen ath-obrach
revival n ath-bheòthachadh m, gen ath-bheothachaidh, pl ath-bheothachaidhean
revive v tr ath-bheothaich, vn ath-bheothachadh m
revolution n iom-chuartachadh m, gen iom-chuartachaidh, pl iom-chuartachaidhean. The Agrarian Revolution, Iom-chuartachadh an Àiteachais. The French Revolution, Iom-chuartachadh na Frainge. The Industrial Revolution, an t-Iom-chuartachadh Gnìomhachais. The Russian revolution, Iom-chuartachadh na Ruis. After the revolution, an dèidh an iom-chuartachaidh
revolve v i iom-chuairtich, vn iom-chuartachadh m
reward n duais f, pl duaisean
reward v tr duaisich, vn duaiseachadh m. Staff will not label a child as naughty and will reward acceptable behaviour positively, cha bhi luchd-obrach a’ comharrachadh neach-cloinne mar mhì-mhodhail agus thèid deagh-ghiùlan a dhuaiseachadh gu deimhinneach
rewrite v tr ath-sgrìobh, vn ath-sgrìobhadh m
rheme (vs theme) n earball m, gen & pl earbaill
rhetoric n reatoraig f
rhetorical a reatoraigeach. Rhetorical question, ceist reatoraigeach
rhododendron n ròs-chraobh f, gen ròs-chraoibh, pl ròs-chraobhan
Rhum pr n Rùm; Eilean Rùm; Eilean Ruma
rhyme n 1 comhardadh m, gen comhardaidh, pl comhardaidhean. Poems have strong rhymes, tha comhardadh làidir ann an duain. Poems may no longer always have rhymes, ’s dòcha nach bi comhardadh daonnan a-nis anns na duain. Content, rhythm and vocabulary are more important than rhyme, tha susbaint, ruitheam agus briathrachas nas cudthromaiche na comhardadh. There is rhyme between these syllables, tha comhardadh eadar na lidean seo. Pattern of stresses and rhymes, pàtran chudthroman agus chomhardaidhean. Sometimes this rhyme continues on the same sound through more than one verse, uaireannan tha an comhardadh seo a’ buanachadh air an aon fhuaim tro bharrachd is aon rann. It may be that the same kind of creative process is somehow involved here as results in the survival of the unstressed rhymes in the other songs, faodaidh e bhith gu bheil an aon seòrsa obrach-cruthachaidh a’ sàs ann, rathad-eigin, ’s a tha ag adhbharachadh gun do mhair na comhardaidhean gun chudthrom anns na h-òrain eile
2 duanag f, pl duanagan. Repetitions, rhythms and rhymes, atharrais, ruitheam agus duanagan
3 duan m, pl duain. Songs, rhymes and word-games, òrain is duain is cleasan-fhacal. Pupils will learn songs and rhymes, bidh a’ chlann ag ionnsachadh òran agus dhuan
end rhyme n phr comhardadh-deiridh m, gen comhardaidh-dheiridh, pl comhardaidhean-deiridh. It is an extraordinary thing that the exemplar should have been so closely followed, not only in the end rhymes but also in the frequency of these optional rhymes on the first stressed syllable, is rud iongantach e gun rachadh an roi-shamhla leantainn cho dlùth, chan ann a’ mhàin anns na comhardaidhean-deiridh, ach cuideachd ann an tricead nan comhardaidhean roghainneil a tha seo air a’ chiad lide le cudthrom
internal rhyme n phr comhardadh-meadhain m, gen comhardaidh-mheadhain, pl comhardaidhean-meadhain. Sometimes this internal rhyme remains on the same sound through more than one long line, uaireannan bithidh an comhardadh-meadhain seo a’ mairsinn air an aon fhuaim tro bharrachd air aon sreath fada. It is the other two syllables that make the usual internal rhyme in this line, ’s e an dà lide eile a tha a’ dèanamh a’ chomhardaidh-mheadhain àbhaistich anns an t-sreath seo. Secondary internal rhyme, darnacha comhardadh-meadhain
rhyme scheme n phr dòigh-chomhardaidh f, pl dòighean-comhardaidh. Ross has the same rhyme scheme in that song as MacKenzie has here, ’s e an aon dòigh-chomhardaidh a tha aig Ros anns an òran sin ’s a tha aig MacCoinnich an seo. This is a type of strophic metre having an extremely complex rhyme scheme, ’s e gnè de mheadrachd stròfaich a tha seo aig a bheil dòigh-chomhardaidh a tha glè ioma-fhillte
rhyme v i dèan comhardadh, vn dèanamh comhardaidh. The syllable having the first stress rhymes with the syllable having the third stress, tha an lide air a bheil a’ chiad chudthrom a’ dèanamh comhardaidh ris an lide air a bheil an treas cudthrom. The penultimate syllables in the fourth phrase of each verse rhyme on “a” with svarabhakti throughout the whole song, tha na lidean leth-dheireannach anns a’ cheathramh abairt de gach rainn a’ dèanamh comhardaidh air “a” le svarabhakti tron òran air fad. The syllables having the first stress in the first three phrases of each verse do not rhyme, chan eil na lidean air a bheil a’ chiad chudthrom anns a’ chiad trì abairtean de gach rainn a’ dèanamh comhardaidh ann. The syllables having the second and third main stress within each long line rhyme together, tha na lidean air a bheil an dara is an treas prìomh chudthrom air taobh a-staigh gach sreath fhada a’ dèanamh comhardaidh ri chèile
rhyming a expressed with dèan comhardadh v phr, vn dèanamh comhardaidh. Sometimes rhyme occurs where there one or two of the rhyming syllables do not have main stress, uaireannan tha comhardadh a’ tachairt far nach eil prìomh chudthrom air a h-aon no a dhà de na lidean a tha ga dhèanamh
rhythm n ruitheam m, gen ruitheim. Repetitions, rhythms and rhymes, atharrais, ruitheam agus duanagan. They will retain strong rhythms, bi ruitheam làidir annta fhathast. Effects of rhythm can also be explored, faodar buaidh ruitheim a rannsachadh cuideachd
rib n 1 aisean f, gen aisne, pl aisnean, aisnichean
2 (of boat) rang f, gen ranga, pl rangan
ribbon n rioban m, gen riobain, pl riobanan
ribbon mod riobain. Ribbon lakes, lochan riobain
rice n rus m, gen ruis
rich a 1 saidhbhir. This ability will open the door to the rich storehouse of Gaelic culture, fosglaidh an comas seo an doras a dh’ionnsaigh stòrais shaidhbhir dualchas na Gàidhlig. Resources will be chosen to give children an appreciation of the rich diversity of our multi-racial society, thèid stuth-taice a thaghadh gus tuigse a thoirt do chloinn air an iomadalachd shaidhbhir a gheibhear nar comann-sòisealta ioma-chinealtach
2 beairteach, comp beairtiche; or beartach, comp beartaiche. A rich man, duine beairteach
3 expressed with buannachdail agus beairteach. Within a framework of increasingly rich associations, agus siud uile taobh a-staigh cheanglaichean a tha a’ sìor fhàs buannachdail agus beairteach
4 torrach, comp torraiche. Rich soil, ùir thorrach. Heather is gradually colonising the richer grasslands, tha am fraoch mean air mhean a’ tighinn a-steach don talamh-fheòir as torraiche
5 rìomhach, vn rìomhaiche. That’s rich coming from you, tha sin rìomhach agus thusa ga ràdh
6 expressed with pailteas m. In a rich variety of contexts, ann am pailteas sheòrsachan shuidhichidhean
7 expressed with iomadh. Take advantage of the rich contexts for Gaelic development, a’ gabhail cothroim air an iomadh suidheachadh airson leasachadh na Gàidhlig
8 expressed with dha-rìreabh làn. The land by the river is rich in history, tha am fearann mun abhainn dha-rìreabh làn eachdraidh
riches n pl beairteas m, gen beairteis; or beartas m, gen beartais
richness n expressed with cho saidhbhir a phr. Such approaches should stress the richness and diversity of gaelic culture, tha còir aig dòighean den t-seòrsa seo cudthrom a chur air cho saidhbhir agus cho ioma-chruthach ’s a tha dualchas na Gàidhlig
rid v tr
get rid of v phr 1 faigh cuidhteas, vn faighinn cuidhteas
2 faigh cuidhteas de, vn faighinn cuidhteas de. The bank has failed to get rid of them, tha e air fairtleachadh air a’ bhanc cuidhteas fhaighinn dhiubh
ridge n druim m, gen droma, pl dromannan. Volcanic ridges, dromannan bholcànach. This involves climbing back up the ridge of the hill, tha seo a’ ciallachadh a bhith a’ dìreadh an àirde ris an druim a-rithist. Where rivers ran underneath the ice linear ridges of sand and gravel known as eskers were formed, far an robh aibhnichean a’ ruith fon eigh chaidh dromannan sreathach de ghainmheach is de ghrinneal a chruthachadh ris an canar eisgirean
ridge dune n phr dùn m droma, gen & pl dùin dhroma
rift n 1 sgoltadh m, gen sgoltaidh, pl sgoltaidhean
2 sgoradh m, gen sgoraidh, pl sgoraidhean
rift valley n phr gleann sgoltaidh m, gen glinne sgoltaidh, pl gleanntan sgoltaidh
• gleann m sgorach, gen glinne sgoraich, pl gleanntan sgorach
rig n 1 rioga m, pl riogachan. Oil rig, rioga ola
2 crann-ola m, gen & pl crainn-ola
rig n (land) 1 (“lazybed” rig) feannag f, gen feannaig, pl feannagan. Generally crops were grown on long narrow strips of ground called rigs, anns a’ chumantas bha na pòran a’ fàs air stiallan fada caol de thalamh ris an cainte feannagan
2 màg f, gen màig, pl màgan
3 (small patch of ground) gead f, gen gide, pl geadan
rig mod fheannagan, nam feannagan. Stone heaps scattered within the enclosure suggest this had never been cultivated in a rig system, chithear sgapte air feadh an àite-iadhaidh seo cùirn de chalchan, agus bhuaidhe seo bidh e coltach nach deach àiteach fo shiostam nam feannagan
right n 1 còir f. Only by doing so can it give the access that is the right of all pupils studying Gaelic, ’s ann a-mhàin le bhith a’ dèanamh seo as urrainn dhi an cothrom sin air a’ Ghàidhlig a thoirt dhaibh air a bheil còir aig a’ chloinn air fad. It is the right of every pupil to have full access to all the resources of Gaelic, tha còir aig a h-uile pàiste-sgoile làn chothrom a bhith aige air goireasan na Gàidhlig air fad
2 taobh m deas, gen taoibh dheis. Was the wind blowing Mary to the left or the right of the area? an robh a’ ghaoth a’ sèideadh Màiri gu taobh clì no deas na ceàrnaidh?
in his own right, 1 air a sgàth fhèin. In addition to being taught in their own right, a thuilleadh air a bhith gan teagasg air an sgàth fhèin. The mass-media should be examined in their own right, tha còir na mòr mheadhain a sgrùdadh air an sgàth fhèin
2 de fhèin. Drama is an important area of the curriculum in its own right, is e raon cudthromach den chlàr-theagaisg a tha ann an Dràma dheth fhèin
right a 1 ceart. Rather than as “right/wrong” assignments, ’s chan ann mar iomairtean “ceart no ceàrr”
2 deas. To develop skills of left-to-right eye movement, gus sgilean gluasad sùla o chlì gu deas a thoirt air adhart
3 freagarrach. Next to each one draw a square of the right land-use colour, ri taobh gach fear dèan ceàrnag leis an dath a tha freagarrach a thaobh cleachdaidh-fhearainn
right adv chon an taoibh dheis. Turn right at the school, tionndaidh chon an taoibh dheis aig an sgoil. When she leaves her house does she turn left or right? nuair a dh’fhàgas i an taigh an tionndaidh i chon an taoibh chlì no dheis?
right-angle a ceart-cheàrn m, pl ceart-cheàrnan
at right angles adv phr gu ceart-cheàrnach. Sheets of lava forced through the rock at right angles to the bedding planes, siotachan làbha a chaidh a sparradh tron chreig gu ceart-cheàrnach ris na leapannan-clàir
right-angled a ceart-cheàrnach. Right-angled triangle, triantan ceart-cheàrnach
rigid a cruaidh. Rigid shapes, cumaidhean cruaidh
rim n bile f, pl bilean. The rim of the container, bile an t-soithich
ring n 1 fàinne f, pl fàinneachan. A mail-order catalog having a lot of rings and jewelry, catalog òrduigh-tron-phost anns an robh mòran fhàinneachan agus seudraidh
2 cearcall m, gen & pl cearcaill. The wall was formed from two rings of stones, rinneadh am balla de dhà chearcall de chlachan
3 buaile f, pl buailtean. There is a ring around the moon, tha buaile mun ghealaich
ringlet n bachlag f, gen bachlaig, pl bachlagan
ring-road n cuairt-rathad m, gen cuairt-rathaid, pl cuairt-ròidean
rinse v tr 1 sruthail, vn sruthladh m
2 thoir sruthladh air, vn toirt sruthlaidh air
ripe a abaich, comp abaiche
ripen v tr & i abaich, vn abachadh m
ripeness n abaichead m, gen abaicheid
risk n cunnart m, gen cunnairt, pl cunnartan. If necessary preventative physical action may be taken to avoid the risk of injury to a child, ma bhitheas e riatanach faodar gnìomh corporra bacaidh a dhèanamh gus cunnart a sheachnadh gun tèid neach-cloinne a dhochann
ritual n deas-ghnàth m, pl deas-ghnàthan
river n abhainn f, gen aibhne, pl aibhnichean
river basin n phr 1 srath m aibhne, pl srathan aibhne
2 lag-drèanaidh m aibhne, gen luig-dhrèanaidh aibhne, pl lagan-drèanaidh aibhne
river cliff n phr bearradh m aibhne, gen bearraidh aibhne
river source n phr màthair f aibhne, gen màthar aibhne, pl màthraichean aibhne. The source of the river is to the north, tha a’ mhàthair aig an abhainn ri tuath
river-bed n amar m aibhne. gen amair aibhne, pl amaran aibhnichean
road n rathad m, gen rathaid, rothaid, pl ròidean, rathaidean. Road information, fiosrachadh rathaid. Single-track road, rathad singilte. Double-track road, rathad dùbailte. Road links, ceanglaichean rathaid. Road markings, comharraidhean rathaid. The schoolmaster used to live in the cottage across the road, bha am maighstir-sgoil a chòmhnaidh san taigh air taobh eile an rothaid
main road n phr rathad m mòr, gen rathad mhòir, pl ròidean mòra
major road n phr mòr-rathad m, gen mòr-rathaid, pl mòr-ròidean
minor road n phr rathad m beag, gen rathaid bhig, pl ròidean beaga
road sign n phr soighne-rathaid f, pl soighnichean-rathaid
roar n 1 beuc m, pl beucan
2 bùirean m, gen & pl bùirein
roar v i 1 beuc, vn beucadh m, beucach m
roaring n 1 beucach m, gen beucaich
2 bùirich f
roast v tr ròst, vn ròstadh
roasting a ròstaidh. Roasting chickens, cearcan ròstaidh
robin n brù-dhearg m, pl brùthan-dearga, brù-dheargan
rock n 1 creag f, gen creige, pl creagan. Rock fragments, mìrean creige. The Western Highlands contain the oldest rocks in Britain, gheibhear air a’ Ghàidhealtachd an Iar na creagan as sine ann am Breatainn
2 clach f, gen cloiche, pl clachan
rock mod (botany ; geography) creige. Rock fragments, mìrean creige, mìrean cloiche
rock basin n phr lag-creige m, gen luig-chreige, pl lagan-creige. Rock basin lake, loch luig-chreige
• srath-cloiche m, gen srath-chloiche, pl srathan-cloiche
rock debris n phr sprùilleach m creige, gen sprùillich chreige. Material that was dumped in these moraines as the glacier melted and the rock debris was released from the ice, stuth a chaidh fhàgail na dhùn anns na morainean seo nuair a bha an t-eigh-shruth a’ leaghadh agus a chaidh an sprùilleach creige a leigeil às on eigh
rock v tr & i 1 luaisg, vn luasgadh m
2 tulg, vn tulgadh m
3 fulaisg, vn fulasgadh. Rocking the cradle, fulasgadh na creathaill
rocky a creagach, comp creagaiche. The path crosses a turf dyke immediately west of one of these rocky outcrops, tha an ceum a’ dol tarsainn air gàrradh-fàil astar goirid an iar air fear de na dromannan creagach seo
role n 1 àite m. It has an essential role, tha àite do-sheachnaichte aice. They will be aware of their own role and that of others in one-to-one or group talk, bidh mothachadh aca air an àite fhèin agus air àite chàich ann an còmhradh eadar dithis no ann an còmhradh buidhne. The teacher’s role is that of participant member, ’s e àite an tidseir a bhith a’ gabhail pàirt mar bhall den bhuidhinn. Pupils could examine the roles played by themselves and others, dh’fhaodadh a’ chlann sgrùdadh a dhèanamh air an àite a ghabh iad fhèin agus càch. Studying media representations of males and females will allow discussion of stereotyping and gender roles, bidh cothrom ann, le bhith a’ gabhail ealla ris mar a tha fireann agus boireann gan cur far comhair anns na meadhain, air beachdachadh air lèir-sheiseachadh agus air an àite a tha aig boireann agus fireann
2 dleastanas m, pl dleastanasan. Pupils could be encouraged to undertake different roles, dh’fhaoidte misneachadh a dhèanamh air a’ chloinn gus dleastanasan eadar-dhealaichte a ghabhail os làimh. Give all staff clear roles thoir dleastanasan soilleir do luchd-obrach gu lèir
3 riochd m, pl riochdan. Participate in discussion in the role of another person, a bhith a’ gabhail pàirt ann am beachdachadh ann an riochd cuideigin eile. To accept roles such as chairman, secretary, a bhith a’ gabhail os làimh riochdan mar neach-cathrach, rùnaire. Capacity for adopting various roles within group discussion, comas air a dhol ann an caochladh riochdan taobh a-staigh beachdachadh-buidhne
4 expressed with riochd m neach eile. New effects can be achieved by showing pupils how the story may be told in role, for example by a news-reader, ruigear air buaidhean ùra le bhith a’ sealltainn don chloinn mar a dh’fhaodar an stòiridh innse ann an riochd neach eile, mar eisimpleir leughadair-naidheachdan
role model expressed with eisimpleir gus a leantainn, pl eisimpleirean gus an leantainn. The pupils can become aware of good role models, faodaidh a’ chlann mothachadh fhaighinn air deagh eisimpleirean gus an leantainn
role-play n 1 riochdachadh m, gen riochdachaidh. Pair and group discussions, leading to role-play and drama, beachdachadh, ’s e sin mar chàraidean agus ann am buidhnean, agus sin gan toirt gu riochdachadh agus dràma
2 cluich-riochd m. Role-play, expressive activities etc. can be starting points for imaginative explorations, faodaidh rannsachaidhean mac-meanmna fàs a-mach à cluich-riochd, cur an cèill agus mar sin
3 expressed with rach an riochd. Through discussion with their teacher and their peers, as well as through performance and role-play, tro bheachdachadh leis an tidsear aca, agus le an co-aoisean, a bharrachd air iad fhèin a bhith a’ gabhail pàirt agus a’ dol an riochd. They will be able to take part in simple role-play exercises relating to school work, bidh comas aca a dhol an riochdan sìmplidh co-cheangailte ro obair-sgoile
4 expressed with rach ann an riochd eile. Reflection can be encouraged through role-play, faodar cnuasachadh a mhisneachadh tro dhol ann an riochd eile. Through role-play or real situations, le bhith a’ dol an riochd eile no le bhith ann an suidhichidhean fìor. Role-play and improvisation are immensely valuable as precursors to researching and writing about characters, tha fìor luach mòr ann a bhith a’ dol an riochd eile, le ullachadh no às aonais, mun tèid iad an sàs ann an rannsachadh agus ann an sgrìobhadh mu phearsachan
5 expressed with rach ann an riochd neach eile. Pupils will engage in simulations and roleplay, bidh a’ chlann a’ dol ann an riochd neach eile. While involved in making models, role-play, etc., fhad ’s a tha iad an sàs a’ dèanamh mhodailean, a’ dol ann an riochd neach eile, agus mar sin
roll n 1 roile f, pl roilichean
2 (of eg wallpaper) bolta m, pl boltaichean
roll I v i 1 cuir car dhìot, vn cur car dhìot; also cur caran dhìot, vn cur charan dhìot
2 roilig, vn roiligeadh m
II roll v tr 1 cuir car de, vn cur car de; also cur caran de, vn cur charan de
2 roilig, vn roiligeadh m
roller-blade n roilear-lann f, pl roilear-lannan
roller-skate n bròg-chuibhle f, gen bròige-cuibhle, pl brògan-cuibhle
romance n 1 ramas m, gen ramais, pl ramasan. In fiction, there are genres such as romances, horror, ann am ficsean tha iomadh gnè, leithid ramasan, uabhas
2 romansa m, pl romansan
Romance a Romansach. Romance languages, cànain Romansach
Romania pr n Romàinia f
Romanian pr n 1 Romàinianach m, gen & pl Romàinianaich
2 (language) Romànianais f
Romanian a Romàinianach
romantic a 1 ramasach
2 romansach
roof n mullach m, gen & pl mullaich. Corrugated roof, mullach preasach. Flat roof, mullach còmhnard. Pantile roof, mullach leacag-phana. Pitched roof, mullach cas. Slated roof, mullach sglèat. Thatched roof, mullach tughaidh. Tiled roof, mullach leacag
room n 1 rum m, gen ruim, pl rumannan
2 (space) àite m. Is there room for me? a bheil àite ann dhòmhsa?
root n 1 freumh f, pl freumhaichean. Show that they understand the following terms: root, stem, a’ nochdadh gun tuig iad na faclan a leanas: freumh, stoc. Syllable and root will be used in discussion which centres on individual words, cleachdar lide agus freumh ann am beachdachadh air faclan fa leth. To give pupils an interest in the roots, derivations and make-up of words which are especially interesting, gus ùidh na cloinne a thogail ann am faclan a tha sònraichte inntinneach: na freumhaichean aca, co às a thàinig iad, agus mar a tha iad air an cur ri chèile
2 bun m, gen buna or buin, pl buin or bunan
buttress root n phr freumh m taic, pl freumhaichean taic
root v tr
root out v phr spìon às a bhuin, vn spìonadh às a bhuin. Root it out, spìon às a bhuin e
root-crop n freumh-bhàrr m, pl freumh-bharran
rope n 1 ròpa m, pl ròpan, ròpaichean
2 ball m, gen & pl buill
rose of Sharon (Hypericum calycinum) n ròs m o Sharon, gen ròis o Sharon
rot n breòiteachd f
rot v tr & i breòth, vn breothadh m
rotten a breòite
rotary a cuairteach
rotary movement n phr cuairt-ghluasad m, gen cuairt-ghluasaid
rotate v tr cuir mun cuairt, vn cur mun cuairt
rotation n 1 cuairt f, pl cuairtean. Complete rotation, cuairt iomlan
2 (a) cuartachadh m, gen cuartachaidh. Rotation of crops, cuartachadh barra
(b) cuairt-ghluasad m, gen cuairt-ghluasaid, pl cuairt-ghluasadan
in rotation adv phr mu seach. The whole class in rotation, an clas air fad mu seach
rough a 1 garbh
2 not expressed. Pupils will learn to make rough notes as they listen, bidh a’ chlann a’ tòiseachadh air notaichean a dhèanamh fhad ’s a tha iad ag èisteachd
roughly adv an ìre mhaith. There will be a stage when the four outcomes will move into roughly equal weightings, bidh ìre ann nuair a bhitheas cudthrom an ìre mhaith co-ionnan air na ceithir builean fa leth
Roumania pr n, see Romania pr n
round a cruinn. Round brackets, camagan cruinne
round v tr
rounded a 1 cruinn. These have created the rounded shapes of the surrounding hills and hollows, ’s iad seo a chruthaich an cumadh cruinn a tha air na mill is na lagan mun cuairt
2 expressed with air chumadh cruinn. Rounded mountains, beanntaichean air chumadh cruinn
3 cruinnte. Rounded vowel, fuaimreag chruinnte
roundabout n timcheallan m, gen & pl timcheallain
roundhouse n taigh-cruinn m, gen taigh-chruinn, pl taighean-cruinne. An extensive settlement of dispersed roundhouses, tha àite-tuineachaidh farsaing de thaighean-cruinne sgapte. There was probably a similar structure built inside the roundhouse, is dòcha gun deach structar den aon seòrsa a thogail am broinn an taigh-chruinn
roundhouse mod 1 taigh-chruinne, thaighean-cruinne
2 de thaighean-cruinne. A reconstruction of a roundhouse settlement, ath-dhèanamh air àite-tuineachaidh de thaighean-cruinne
round-leaved a cruinn-dhuilleagach. Round-leaved bellflower, flùr-cluigeanach cruinn-dhuilleagach
route n 1 slighe f, pl slighean. The route that she follows is shown by a red line on the map, tha loidhne dhearg air a’ mhapa a’ comharrachadh na slighe a bhitheas i a’ gabhail
2 cùrsa m, pl cùrsaichean. Near the end of the nature trail the route by the river is usually wet, faisg air deireadh na slighe nàdair tha an cùrsa ri taobh na h-aibhne gu tric fliuch
routine n 1 obair làitheil. Classroom routines, obair làitheil an ruim-theagaisg
2 expressed with na tha a’ dol. Daily routine, na tha a’ dol rè an latha
3 not directly expressed. Each of the outcomes being visited in turn to provide exercises and routines, a’ tadhal air gach buil, tè mu seach, gus obair fhoirmeil a dhèanamh orra
routine a expressed with gu cunbhalach. The routine checking of spelling at the end of drafting should be actively promoted, tha còir làn bhrosnachadh a dhèanamh air a bhith a’ cur dearbhaidh air litreachadh gu cunbhalach aig deireadh dreachdaidh
row n sreath f, gen sreatha, pl sreathan. Inside these large buildings are rows of cages called batteries, am broinn nan togalaichean mòra seo tha sreathan de chèidsichean air a bheil bataraidhean
row v tr
rowing-boat n 1 bàta-iormaich m, pl bàtaichean-iormaich
2 bàta-ràmh m, pl bàtaichean-ràmh
rowlock n 1 putag f, gen putaig, pl putagan
2 bac m, gen baic, pl baic, bacan
royal a rìoghail
Royal Navy pr n Cabhlach m Rìoghail, gen Cabhlaich Rìoghail
rub v tr
rubbing-piece n (of boat, between gunwale and saxboard) slat f mhòr, gen slaite mòire. The rubbing-piece is below the saxboard, tha an t-slat mhòr fon phlanca bheòil. The rubbing piece keeps the boat from rubbing if it’s at the jetty, tha an t-slat mhòr a’ gléidheadh an t-eathar bho shuathadh ma tha i ri cidhe
rubber n 1 rubair. Rubber band, bann rubair
2 (eraser) suathan m, gen & pl suathain
rubber a rubair. Rubber band, bann rubair
rubbish n sgudal m, gen sgudail
rubbish dump, rubbish tip n phr òtrach m, gen òtraich, pl òtraichean. These rubbish dumps were made in such a way that nothing would leak out of them, chaidh na h-òtraichean seo a dhèanamh air dhòigh ’s nach aoideanadh càil asta
rubella n rubella f. All should be aware of the danger of exposure of pregnant women to rubella, is còir do na h-uile a bhith mothachail air a chunnart a tha ann am boireannaich throma a bhith an làthair rubella
ruby n 1 ruiteachan m, gen & pl ruiteachain
2 rùbaidh m, pl rùbaidhean
rudder n stiùir f, gen stiùire, stiùireach, pl stiùirean, stiùirichean
rug n brat-ùrlair m, pl bratan-ùrlair
ruin (of house) 1 làrach f, gen làraich, pl làraichean
2 tobhta f, pl tobhtaichean
ruin v tr 1 sgrios, vn sgrios m
2 mill, vn milleadh m
ruined a expressed with (a tha a-nis) na thobhta. The ruined barn was built for the schoolmaster, chaidh an sabhal a tha a-nis na thobhta a thogail don mhaighstir-sgoil
rule n riaghailt f, pl riaghailtean. Rules for spelling, riaghailtean-litreachaidh. Spelling rules can support this, faodaidh riaghailtean litreachaidh taice chur ri seo. Without explicit knowledge of rules and terminology, gun eòlas follaiseach air riaghailtean agus briathrachas
ground rule n phr riaghailt f bunaiteach, gen riaghailt bunaitich, pl riaghailtean bunaiteach. It is important that children are made aware of the following ground rules, tha e cudthromach gum bi a’ chlann air an dèanamh mothachail air na riaghailtean bunaiteach a leanas
ruler n rùilear m, gen rùileir, pl rùilearan
rumour n fathann m, gen fathainn, pl fathannan. Those rumours are in fact circulating, tha na fathannan sin a’ cuairteachadh gun teagamh
run n ruith f, gen ruithe, pl ruithean
run v tr & i ruith, vn ruith f
running n ruith f, gen ruithe. No running in the group, when the activities are out, cha cheadaichear ruith sa bhuidhinn, nuair a tha na h-uidheaman-gnìomha a-muigh. The time, place and conduct of meetings will ensure that all families have an equal opportunity to be involved in the running of the pre-school, nithear cinnteach a thoradh air àm, àite agus dòigh-chumail nan coinneamhan gu bheil cothrom co-ionann aig a h-uile teaghlach gus a bhith an sàs ann an ruith na ro-sgoile
running a ruithe
running commentary n phr co-iomradh m, gen co-iomraidh
running knot n phr lùb-ruithe f, gen lùib-ruithe, pl lùban-ruithe
running water n phr 1 uisge m ruithe. A sink with running water must be supplied for washing of hands, feumaidh sinc le uisge ruithe a bhith ann airson làmhan a ghlanadh
2 uisge m phìoban. Their houses have hot and cold running water, tha uisge teth is fuar nam pìoban anns na taighean aca
3 sruthadh m uisge, gen sruthaidh uisge. Worm by running water, air a chaitheimh le sruthadh uisge
rung n 1 rong f, gen ronga, roinge, pl rongan
2 rongas m, gen & pl rongais
3 tarsannan m, gen & pl tarsannain
runner n. Runners (of cart), dubhan deiridh
run-off n ruith-dheth f. Evaporation, rainfall, and the run-off of water through rivers, deatachadh, sileadh, agus ruith-dheth an uisge tro aibhnichean
runrig n 1 roinn-ruithe f. The traditional runrig system was abolished in 1845, chaidh cur às don t-siostam dualchasach, an roinn-ruithe, ann an 1845
2 (familiar) màgan f pl mu seach
runway n rathad-laighe m, gen rathaid-laighe, pl ròidean-laighe
rural a dùthchail, comp dùthchala. Particularly in rural areas where there is no direct access to an appropriate casualty unit, gu h-àraidh ann an àiteachan dùthchail far nach fhaighear cothrom a dhol gu dìreach gu aonad-thubaist iomchaidh
Russia pr n an Ruis f, gen na Ruis; Ruisia f
Russian pr n 1 Ruiseanach m, gen & pl Ruiseanaich
2 (language) Ruiseanais f
Russian a Ruiseanach
rye n seagal m, gen seagail
S
sabotage n sabotais f
sacred a 1 naomh
2 coisrigte
sacrilege n 1 ceall-shlad m
2 airchealladh m, gen aircheallaidh
sad a 1 brònach, comp brònaiche
2 fo bhròn
sadness n bròn m, gen bròin
safe a 1 (a) sàbhailte
(b) expressed with gu sàbhailte. Arrangements for the safe arrival and departure of children, an suidheachadh a thaobh a’ chlann a bhith a’ ruighinn agus a’ falbh gu sàbhailte
2 cinnteach, comp cinntiche. But perhaps this is rather unlikely, and it would be safer to regard the metre as a kind of amhran, ach dh’fhaodadh gu bheil seo beagan eu-coltach, agus gum bitheadh e na bu chinntiche a’ mheadrachd a thuigsinn mar ghnè amhrain
safeguard v tr dìon, vn dìon m. Each group shall adhere to the above statement in order to safeguard the welfare of their members, leanaidh gach buidheann ris an aithris gu h-àrd gus maitheas an cuid bhall a dhìon
safety n 1 sàbhailteachd f. Safety regulations, riaghailtean sàbhailteachd. Safety warning, rabhadh a thaobh sàbhailteachd. Experiences which could not, for reasons of expense or safety, be accommodated within the realities of the classroom, fiosrachaidhean nach b’ urrainn an gabhail a-staigh anns a’ chlas a thaobh cosgais no sàbhailteachd
2 expressed with sàbhailte a. Staff have the responsibility to the ensure the safety of children in their care at all times, tha e mar uallach air luchd-obrach a dhèanamh cinnteach gu bheil clann a tha fon curam daonnan sàbhailte
safety mod 1 sàbhailteachd. Safety mats, bratan-ùrlair sàbhailteachd
2 a thaobh sàbhailteachd. Staff should make regular safety checks on equipment, is còir do luchd-obrach a bhith a’ cur dearbhaidh a thaobh sàbhailteachd air an uidheamachd gu cunbhalach
saffron n cròch m, gen cròich
saffron a cròch
saga n saga m, pl sagathan. The Old Norse sagas, na sagathan san t-Seann Lochlannais
sail n seòl m, gen & pl siùil
sail v tr seol, vn seòladh m
sailing boat n 1 bàta-siùil m, pl bàtaichean-siùil
2 bàta-seòlaidh m, pl bàtaichean-seòlaidh
sake n
for the sake of prep phr air sgàth (plus gen). For the sake of completeness we thought it suitable to include it here, air sgàth na h-iomlanachd mheas sinn iomchaidh a chur am measg a’ chorra an seo
salad n sailead m, gen saileid, pl saileadan
salad dressing n phr annlan m saileid, gen & pl annlain shaileid
salinisation n salainneachadh m, gen salainneachaidh
salinise v tr salainnich, vn salainneachadh m
saliva n seile f
salivary a
salivary gland n phr fàireag f sheile, pl fàireagan seile
salmon n bradan m, gen & pl bradain
salt n salann m, gen salainn
salt marsh n phr boglach f shalainn, gen boglaich shalainn, pl boglaichean salainn; also fèith f shalainn, gen fèithe salainn, pl fèithean salainn
• làthach f shàillte, gen làthaich saillte, pl làthaichean saillte
salt v tr saill, vn sailleadh
salting n sailleadh m, gen saillidh
same a aon or aona. At the same time, aig an aon àm. Examples of the same types of texts, eisimpleirean den aon ghnè theacsaichean. The task is the same but is related to texts of differing degrees of difficulty, ’s i an aon dreuchd a tha ann ach tha i a’ buntainn do theacsaichean de chaochladh ìrean duilgheadais. The same task may be tackled by the whole class, faodaidh an clas gu h-iomlan an t-aona ghnìomh a ghabhail os làimh
sample n 1 sampall m, gen & pl sampaill. Rock sample, sampall creige
2 taghadh m, gen taghaidh, pl taghaidhean
3 eisimpleir m, pl eisimpleirean
sample mod expressed with eisimpleir m, pl eisimpleirean. Sample structures can be offered, faodar eisimpleirean de dhealbhachadh a thoirt seachad
sample v tr samplaich, vn samplachadh m
sand n gainmheach f, gen gainmhich
sand-bank n phr 1 banca m gainmhich, gen banca ghainmhich, pl bancaichean gainmhich
2 oitir f ghainmhich, gen oitire gainmhich, pl oitirean ghainmhich
sand-bar n 1 oitir f ghainmhich, gen oitire gainmhich, pl oitirean ghainmhich
2 (at mouth of river) (a) bàr m gainmhich, gen bàr ghainmhich, pl bàran gainmhich
(b) òs m gainmhich, gen òsa ghainmhich, pl òsan gainmhich
sand-dune n dùn-gainmhich m, gen & pl dùin-ghainmhich
sand-dunes n pl (coastal) mealbhan m, gen mealbhain
sand-pit n 1 toll-gainmhich m, gen & pl tuill-ghainmhich
2 sloc-gainmhich m, gen sluic-ghainmhich, pl slocan-gainmhich
sand-spit n corran-gainmhich m, gen corrain-ghainmhich, pl corranan-gainmhich
sandstone n clach-ghainmhich f, gen cloiche-gainmhich, pl clachan-gainmhich. The sandstone is some 800 million years old, tha a’ chlach-ghainmhich mu 800 millean bliadhna a dh’aois. Torridonian sandstone, clach-ghainmhich Thoirbheartanach
sand-storm n stoirm f ghainmhich, gen stoirme gainmhich, pl stoirmean gainmhich
sandy a 1 gainmheachail
2 (hair) buidhe-ruadh
Sanskrit pr n Sanscrait f
sap n snodhach m, gen snodhaich
sarcasm n 1 fochaid f
2 sgeig f, gen sgeige
sarcastic a 1 fochaideach
2 expressed with magaidh. This is a sarcastic song, which in places comes close to being cruel, ’s e òran-magaidh a a tha seo, a tha an àiteachan a’ tighinn faisg air a bhith grànda, mì-thlusar. A sarcastic song in which the bard makes considerable use of irony, òran-magaidh anns a bheil am bard a’ dèanamh tomhas mòr de dh’fheum de dh’ìoronas
satellite n (astronomy, aerospace) saideal m, gen saideil, pl, saidealan. This song was made about the time the first satellites were being put into space, rinneadh an t-òran seo mun àm na ciad shaidealan a bhith gan cur an àirde san speur
satire n 1 aoir f, gen aoire, pl aoirean
2 fochaid f
satirical a 1 aoireil
2 fochaideach
satirise v tr 1 aoir, vn aoireadh m
2 dèan aoireadh air, vn dèanamh aoiridh air
satisfaction n riarachadh m, gen riarachaidh. To give satisfaction and aesthetic pleasure, gus riarachadh agus toileachas-inntinn a thoirt seachad
satisfactory a
satisfactorily adv expressed with soilleir a. The information needed to inform decisions on assessment can be chosen satisfactorily from three sources, faodar am fiosrachadh a dh’fheumar gus a thighinn gu co-dhùnaidhean soilleir air measadh a thaghadh à trì raointean
satisfy v tr sàsaich, vn sàsachadh m. Will that answer satisfy the fisherman? a bheil an fhreagairt si a’ dol a shàsachadh nan iasgairean?
saturate v tr (chemistry) sàthaich, vn sàthachadh m
saturated a sàthaichte. Saturated fats, saillean sàthaichte
saturation n (chemistry) sàthachadh m, gen sàthachaidh, pl sàthachaidhean
sauce n sabhs m, pl sabhsan
saunter v i bi spaidsearachd
savage a 1 allaidh, comp allaidhe. Savage beasts, beathaichean allaidh
2 borb, comp buirbe
savageness n buirbe f
saw n sàbh m, gen sàibh, pl sàibh, sàbhan
saw-dust n min-sàibh f
sawmill n muileann-sàibh m, gen muilinn-sàibh, pl muilnean-sàibh
saxboard n (of boat) planca m beòil, gen planca bheòil
rubbing-piece n (between gunwale and saxboard) slat f mhòr, gen slaite mòire. The rubbing-piece is below the saxboard, tha an t-slat mhòr fon phlanca bheòil. The rubbing piece keeps the boat from rubbing if it’s at the jetty, tha an t-slat mhòr a’ gléidheadh an t-eathar bho shuathadh ma tha i ri cidhe
saxifrage n (Saxifragaceae) clach-bhriseach f
say v tr 1 abair, vn ràdh m. And to say what are the markers which allowed them to make the distinction, agus a ràdh gu dè na comharraidhean a thug cothrom dhaibh an t-eadar-dhealachadh a dhèanamh. To help pupils sort out what they want to say, a’ chlann a chuideachadh gus rian a chur air na tha iad ag iarraidh a ràdh. The reason for poor voice production in talking is the pupil’s lack of clarity about what to say and the purpose of saying it, ’s e as adhbhar do chion comas labhairt nach eil am pàiste soilleir mu dè their e agus mun adhbhar airson a ràdh
2 innis, vn innse. The teacher should encourage them to say how they knew, bu chòir don tidsear am misneachadh gus innse ciamar a bha fhios aca. Teachers will help pupils select and draft what they wish to say, cuidichidh na tidsearan a’ chlann gu bhith a’ taghadh agus a’ dreachdadh na tha iad a’ miannachadh innse
saying n 1 ràdh m, pl ràdhan
2 facal m, gen facail, pl facail, faclan. It was a saying amongst the people, bha e na fhacal am measg an t-sluaigh
3 gnàth-fhacal m, gen gnàth-fhacail, pl gnàth-fhacail, gnàth-fhaclan. This word is used in the following common saying, thathar a’ dèanamh feum den fhacal seo anns a’ ghnàth-fhacal chumanta a leanas
4 not directly expressed. In idiomatic and proverbial sayings, ann an gnàthasan-cainnte ’s ann an seanfhaclan
said v i (quoth) arsa, ars v def (in reporting direct speech; also used in Gaelic discourse in reporting English conversations) (always used with emphatic pronoun). “Fàg e far a bheil e” he said, “fàg e far a bheil e” ars esan. “Excuse me ” she said “can you tell me where Mr MacKenzie lives?”, “Well” I said “which Mr MacKenzie?”, “Excuse me ” ars ise, “can you tell me where Mr MacKenzie lives?”, “Well” arsa mise “which Mr MacKenzie?”
scaffolding n sgafallan m, gen sgafallain. The hammer dropped off the scaffolding, thuit an t-òrd den sgafallan
scale n sgèile f. The wind scale, sgèile na gaoithe
scale mod sgèile. Scale drawing, dealbh sgèile. Scale model, modail sgèile
large-scale a mòr-sgèile. Large-scale desalination, di-shalainneachadh mòr-sgèile
scale n 1 (on fish) lann f, gen lainn, pl lannan
2 (e.g. in kettle, due to hard water) sgrath f, pl sgrathan
scalene a 1 sgaileanach. Scalene triangle, triantan sgaileanach
2 neo-chothromach. Scalene triangle, triantan neo-chothromach
Scalpay pr n Sgalpaigh
scan v tr 1 leugh gu h-aithghearr, vn leughadh gu h-aithghearr. This will help in developing ability to scan for specific information, cuidichidh seo le bhith a’ leasachadh comais air a bhith a’ leughadh gu h-aithghearr airson fiosrachaidh shònraichte
2 sgrùd, vn sgrùdadh m. Skim and scan to locate main points of a text, a’ togail agus a’ sgrùdadh gus prìomh phuingean ann an teacs a chomharrachadh
3 leum-leugh, vn leum-leughadh m. To skim and scan to verify decisions, gu bhith a’ grad-leughadh agus a’ leum-leughadh gus co-dhùnaidhean a dhearbhadh
4 (metrical) meadaraich, vn meadarachadh m
scanning n 1 leughadh m aithghearr, gen leughaidh aithghearr. By scanning and using textual cues, le leughadh aithghearr agus le bhith a’ cleachdadh chomharraidhean anns an teacsa
2 expressed with a bhith ri grad-leughadh. Readers and listeners are also aided in making predictions, in skimming and scanning, gheibh luchd-leughaidh agus luchd-èisteachd cuideachadh ann a bhith ri fàisneachd, ri bàrr-leughadh agus ri grad-leughadh
Scandinavia pr n Lochlann m, gen Lochlainn
Scandinavian pr n Lochlannach m, gen & pl Lochlannaich
Scandinavian a Lochlannach. Scandinavian languages, cànain Lochlannach
scanner n lèir-bheart f, gen lèir-bheairt, pl lèir-bheartan
scarce a ainneamh, comp ainneimhe
scarecrow n 1 bodach-ròcais m, gen & pl bodaich-ròcais
2 bodach-feannaig m, gen & pl bodaich-fheannaig
scarp n scarpa m, pl scarpan ; sgarpa m, pl sgarpan
Scarp pr n Sgarba
Scarp pr n an Sgarb
scathing a 1 neimheil. A scathing retort, freagairt neimheil
2 expressed with dubh. She made a scathing criticism of the report, thug i dubh chàineadh air an aithisg
scatter n
scatter mod sgaoilte. Scatter graph, graf sgaoilte
scatter v tr & i sgap, vn sgapadh m
scattered a sgapte. Scattered settlement, tuineachadh sgapte.
scavenger n clàbaraiche
scene n sealladh m, gen seallaidh, pl seallaidhean. Play and scene identify features of dramatic texts, tha dealbh-chluich agus sealladh a’ comharrachadh nithean a bhuineas do theacsaichean-dràma. The text may be, for example, a poem, an illustrated page from a children’s book, or a scene from a dramatic performance, mar eisimpleirean de theacsaichean tha dàn, duilleag le dealbh bho leabhar chloinne, no sealladh bho dhràma de sheòrsa sam bith
scene setting n phr expressed with seallaidhean. More fully formed and organised outcomes, involving scene setting and the writing of scripts, toraidhean air a bheil an tuilleadh cumaidh agus eagrachaidh, agus a tha a’ gabhail a-steach sheallaidhean agus sgrìobhadh sgriobtaichean
set the scene v phr ullaich an sgeul, vn ullachadh an sgeòil. Sections of text setting the scene, earrainnean teacsa a tha ag ullachadh an sgeòil
setting the scene n phr ullachadh-sgeòil m, gen ullachaidh-sgeòil. Show that they understand the following terms : character, setting the scene, a’ nochdadh gun tuig iad na faclan a leanas : pearsa, ullachadh-sgeòil
scenery n 1 sealladh m dùthcha, gen seallaidh dhùthcha
2 seallaidhean n pl. An area of beautiful scenery, àite far a bheil seallaidhean brèagha
scent n boladh m, gen bolaidh, pl bolaidhean
schedule n
assessment schedule n phr clàr-measaidh m. An assessment schedule could be devised, dh’fhaodaiste clàr-measaidh a dheilbh
scheme n 1 sgeama f, pl sgeamaichean. The teaching of spelling should be part of an agreed scheme, tha còir aig teagasg litreachaidh a bhith na phàirt de sgeama a tha air a h-aontachadh. They will be involved in an interwoven scheme of listening, talking, reading, and writing, bidh iad an sàs ann an sgeama èisteachd, labhairt, leughaidh agus sgrìobhaidh anns a bheil na sgilean sin uile an lùib a chèile
2 dòigh f, gen dòighe, pl dòighean. Rhyme scheme, dòigh-chomhardaidh
scholar n sgoilear m, gen sgoileir, pl sgoilearan
scholarly a sgoilearach
school n sgoil f, gen sgoile, pl sgoiltean
high school n àrdsgoil f, gen àrdsgoile, pl àrdsgoiltean
in school prep phr anns an sgoil. Most pupils will respond readily to events at home and in school, gabhaidh a’ chuid mhòr de chloinn gu deònach ri nithean a tha a’ dol anns an dachaigh agus anns an sgoil
primary school n phr bunsgoil f, pl bunsgoiltean
secondary school n phr àrdsgoil f, gen àrdsgoile, pl àrdsgoiltean
to school prep phr don sgoil. The spoken language that pupils bring to school, a’ chainnt-bheòil a tha a’ chlann a’ toirt leotha don sgoil
school mod 1 sgoile. School register, leabhar-clàraidh sgoile. School log book, leabhar-aistridh sgoile
2 a bhuineas don sgoil. They will show a readiness to talk about familiar school and domestic situations, nochdaidh iad gu bheil iad deònach a bhith a’ còmhradh mu shuidhichidhean eòlach a bhuineas don sgoil agus don dachaigh
school report n phr aithisg-sgoile f, pl aithisgean-sgoile
school work n phr obair-sgoile f
school v tr
schooling n expressed with anns an sgoil. For all the years of their schooling, fhad’s a tha iad san sgoil
schoolmaster n maighstir-sgoil m, pl maighstirean-sgoil. The ruined barn was built for the schoolmaster, chaidh an sabhal a tha a-nis na thobhta a thogail don mhaighstir-sgoil
schoolmistress n 1 bana-mhaighistir-sgoile f, pl bana-mhaighistirean-sgoile
2 ban-sgoilear f, gen ban-sgoileir, pl ban-sgoilearan
science n 1 saidheans m, pl saidheansan. Science experiments, dearbhaidhean-saidheans. Instructions on how to conduct an experiment in science, seòladh mu obair dhearbhaidh a chur air adhart
2 eòlas m, gen eòlais. Hydrology is the science of water, ’s e hidreòlas an t-eòlas a bhuineas do dh’uisge
science fiction n phr ficsean m saidheans, gen ficsein saidheans. In fiction, there are genres such as romances, horror, science fiction, ann am ficsean tha iomadh gnè, leithid ramasan, uabhas, ficsean saidheans
scientific a saidheansail
scientist n 1 neach-saidheans m, pl luchd-saidheans
2 eòlaiche m, pl eòlaichean
scissors n siosar f, gen siosair
pairs of scissors n phr siosaran f pl. Two pairs of scissors, dà shiosair
sclera n scleire f
scoop n taoman m, pl taomain
scope n 1 cothrom m, gen cothroim. Pupils experience varieties of speech and writing, and are given scope to practise them, tha clann a’ faighinn eòlais air caochladh sheòrsachan labhairt agus sgrìobhaidh, agus tha cothrom aca iad seo a chur an cèill. Give pupils increasing scope to become independent thinkers and learners, an tuilleadh ’s an tuilleadh cothroim a thoirt don chloinn gus a bhith a’ smaoineachadh agus ag ionnsachadh air an ceann fhèin. It is important to note that teachers retain scope and responsibility to choose forms and criteria for assessment, tha e cudthromach a bhith a’ toirt an aire gu bheil fhathast cothrom aig tidsearan, agus uallach orra cuideachd, a bhith a’ taghadh mhodhan agus comharraidhean measaidh
2 not expressed. Relating to the content and scope of Gaelic in the curriculum, a bhuineas do Ghàidhlig anns a’ chlàr-theagaisg
score n sgòr m, gen sgòir, pl sgòran, sgòraichean
score v tr sgòr, vn sgòradh
scoring mod sgòraidh. Scoring chart, clàr sgòraidh
Scot pr n Albannach m, gen & pl Albannaich
Scotland pl n Alba f, gen na h-Albann, dat Albainn. In Scotland, an Albainn
Scots pr n (language) 1 Beurla f na h-Alba
2 Albais f, gen Albaise
3 (familiar) Beurla f Ghallda, gen Beurla Gallda
Scotsman n Albannach m, gen & pl Albannaich
Scotswoman n ban-Albannach f, gen & pl ban-Albannaich
Scottish a 1 Albannach
2 expressed with na h-Albann. The Scottish Office, Oifis an h-Albann. In Scottish schools, ann an sgoiltean na h-Albann
3 expressed with ann an Albainn, or ann an Alba. The Scottish Consultative Council on the Curriculum, a’ Chomhairle Stiùiridh air a’ Chlàr-Theagaisg ann an Albainn. The Welsh Language Act should serve as a model for Scottish legislation, bu chòir do dh’Achd a’ Chànain Chuimris a bhith na modail airson lagh a chruthachadh ann an Alba
Scottish National Party, SNP pr n am Pàrtaidh m Nàiseantach, gen a’ Phàrtaidh Nàiseantaich. The prospective parliamentary candidate for the SNP in Ochil constituency, an tagraiche pàrlamaid airson a’ Phàrtaidh Nàiseantaich ann an roinn-thaghaidh Ochaill
Scottishness n expressed with dè as ciall da bhith Albannach. A heightened awareness of “Scottishness” in a European context, an tuilleadh mothachaidh air dè as ciall da bhith Albannach ann an suidheachadh Eòrpach
scour v tr sgùr, vn sgùradh
scouring n sgùradh m, gen sgùraidh. This area suffered extensive scouring from erosion by glaciers, fhuair an t-àite seo mòran sgùraidh bho bhith air a bhleith le eigh-shruthan
scout n beachdair m, pl beachdairean
scratch v tr sgrìob, vn sgrìobadh m
scree n 1 sgàrdan m, gen sgàrdain. On the mountain scree, air sgàrdan an beinne
2 sgàirneach m, gen sgàirnich
screen n sgrìne f, pl sgrìneachan. Since several pupils are able to plan and organise ideas together directly on screen, seach gu bheil comas aig grunnan chloinne planadh a dhèanamh agus rian a chur air beachdan còmhla gun dad a chleachdadh ach an sgrìne
Stevenson screen n phr sgrìne f MhicSteaphain, pl sgrìneachan MhicSteaphain
screw n 1 (a) sgriubha f, pl sgriubhaichean
(b) tarrag-sgriubha f, pl tarragnan-sgriubha
2 bithis f, pl bithisean
screw v tr sgriubhaig, vn sgriubhadh m
screwdriver n sgriubhaire m, pl sgriubhairean
scribe n expressed with sgrìobh às leth, vn sgrìobhadh às leth. The teacher will periodically act as scribe to give these thoughts a written form, bidh an tidsear bho àm gu àm a’ sgrìobhadh às an leth gus na smaointean sin a chur ann an riochd sgrìobhaidh
scribe v sgrìobh às leth, vn sgrìobhadh às leth. The teacher may scribe for pupils, faodaidh an tidsear a bhith a’ sgrìobhadh às leth na cloinne
script n sgriobta m, pl sgriobtaichean. In linked script, ann an sgriobta eadar-cheangailte. Drama scripts, sgriobtaichean dràma. Involving scene setting and the writing of scripts, a’ gabhail a-steach sheallaidhean agus sgrìobhadh sgriobtaichean
script mod sgriobta. Dialogues in script form, còmhraidhean ann an cumadh sgriobta
scrub v tr sgùr, vn sgùradh m
sculpt v tr snaidh, vn snaidheadh m
sculptor n deilbhear m, gen deilbheir, pl dealbharan
sculpture n deilbheadh m, gen deilbhidh
sculpture v i dèan deilbheadh, vn dèanamh deilbhidh
scum n 1 cobhar m, gen cobhair
2 sgùm m
sea n 1 muir m, gen mara f, pl marannan
2 cuan m, gen cuain, pl cuantan
sea bed n phr grunnd m na mara
sea cliff n phr 1 (rocky) creag f mhara, gen creige mara, pl creagan mara. The (rocky) sea-cliffs, creagan na mara
2 (grassy bank) bruach f mhara, gen bruaiche mara, pl bruachan mara. The (grassy) sea-cliffs, na bruachan ri taobh na mara
sea level n phr 1 àirde f na mara
2 leibheil f na mara. Altitude above sea-level, àirde os cionn leibheil na mara
sea spray n phr 1 sadadh (den mhuir), gen sadaidh
2 siaban m, gen siabain
3 (spindrift) cabhadh-mara m, gen cabhaidh-mhara
sea wall n phr balla-dìona m cladaich, gen balla-dhìona cladaich, pl ballachan-dìona cladaich
sea-bed n grunnd m na mara, gen gruinnd na mara, grunnd na mara
sea-creature n beathach-mara m, gen beathaich-mhara, pl beathaichean-mara
seal v tr seulaich, vn seulachadh m
sealed a seulaichte
sea-louse n mial-mhara f, gen miala-mara, pl mialan-mara
seam n 1 (cloth) fàitheam m, gen fàitheim, pl fàitheaman
2 (mineralogy, geology) sìoga m, pl sìogan, sìogaichean. One of the layers of rock is made of coal and is called a coal seam, tha aon de na breathan creige air a dèanamh de ghual aguus ’s e sìoga guail a chanar ris
3 (between planks in a boat) sgar m, pl sgaran. The boat’s seams are coming apart, tha sgaran an eathair a’ sgaoileadh
seaplane n plèan-uisge f, pl plèanaichean-uisge
seaport n baile m puirt, gen baile phuirt, pl bailtean puirt
search v tr 1 rannsaich, vn rannsachadh m
2 dèan rannsachadh air, vn dèanamh rannsachaidh air. Later the police searched the whole house, an dèidh sin rinn am poileas rannsachadh air feadh an taighe
season n 1 ràithe f, gen ràithe, pl ràithean. The four seasons, na ceithir ràithean
2 sèasan m, gen sèasain, pl sèasanan
3 (particular time) (a) àm m, gen ama, pl amannan. The ground here has been enriched by enclosing animals within it at certain seasons, chaidh an talamh an seo a dhèanamh na bu thorraiche le bhith a’ cròthadh bheathaichean a-staigh ann aig amannan sònraichte
(b) aimsir f, gen aimsire, pl aimsirean
seat n 1 àite-suidhe m, pl àitean-suidhe
2 suidheachan m, gen & pl suidheachain. All transport used should have forward-facing seats with seat-belts fitted, a thaobh gach seòrsa còmhdhalach a thèid a chur am feum is còir gum bitheadh suidheachain a tha a’ coimhead chon an toisich air fad aca le criosan-sàbhalaidh air an cur a-steach
booster seat n phr suidheachan-leasachaidh m, gen & pl suidheachain-leasachaidh
child seat n phr suidheachan-cloinne m, gen & pl suidheachain-chloinne. Seat-belts must be worn by all children and appropriate child seats provided where necessary, feumaidh a’ chlann air fad criosan-sàbhalaidh a chur orra, agus feumaidh suidheachain-chloinne fhreagarrach a bhith rim faotainn far a bheil seo riatanach
seat-belt n crios-sàbhalaidh m, gen criosa-shàbhalaidh, pl criosan-sàbhalaidh. Forward-facing seats with seat-belts fitted, suidheachain a tha a’ coimhead chon an toisich le criosan-sàbhalaidh air an cur a-steach
sea-urchin n 1 cnagan-traghad m, gen cnagain-thraghad, pl cnaganan-traghad; also cnagan-feannaig m, gen cnagain-fheannaig, pl cnaganan-feannaig
2 pocan-garbh m, gen pocain-ghairbh, pl pocanan-garbha
sea-water n sàl m, gen sàil
sebaceous a expressed with na h-ola. Sebaceous gland, fàireag na h-ola
sebum n ola f chraicinn
second n 1 (time) (a) diog m, pl diogan
(b) mòmaid f, pl mòmaidean
2 (of arc) soiceand m, pl soiceandan
second hand n phr 1 spòg f dhiog, gen spòige dhiog, pl spògan dhiog
2 spòg f mhòmaid, gen spòige mhòmaid, pl spògan mhòmaid
second a dàrna, dara. As a second language, mar dhàrna cànain. Words will be located in dictionary or thesaurus, using second or third letters, gheibhear lorg air faclan ann am faclair no ann am briathrachan, a’ cleachdadh na dàrna no na treasa litreach. The second two phrases are written as one longer line, tha an dara dà abairt air an sgrìobhadh mar aon sreath as fhaide
secondly adv anns an dàrna àite
secondary n àrd-sgoil f, pl àrd-sgoiltean. This approach should be continued into secondary, bu chòir an dòigh-obrach seo a chumail a’ dol san àrdsgoil
secondary school n àrd-sgoil f, pl àrd-sgoiltean. All departments in secondary schools, na roinnean uile anns na h-àrdsgoiltean
secondary (= secondary school) mod 1 na h-àrdsgoile. Curriculum Design for the Secondary Stages, Dealbhadh a’ Chlàir-theagaisg airson Ìrean na h-Àrdsgoile. Through primary and early secondary education, tro fhoghlam sa bhunsgoil agus toiseach na h-àrdsgoile
2 anns an àrdsgoil. Secondary Fluent Speakers’ classes, clasaichean Fhileantach anns an àrdsgoil
secondary a 1 dàrnacha (preceding n).
2 leasaichte. Secondary source, bun leasaichte
3 (education) àrd-sgoile. The use of Gaelic in nursery, primary, secondary and tertiary education in Scotland, cleachdadh na Gàidhlig ann am foghlam ro-sgoile, bun-sgoile, àrd-sgoile agus colaiste ann an Alba
secondary industry n phr 1 dàrnacha gnìomhachas m, gen & pl dàrnacha gnìomhachais
2 iar-ghnìomhachas m, gen & pl iar-ghnìomhachais
second-hand a 1 ath-dhìolta. She bought a second-hand car, cheannaich i càr ath-dhìolta
2 ath-làimh
second-hand adv phr 1 ath-làimh
2 air ath-làmh. She bought it (at) second hand, cheannaich i e air ath-làimh
secret n rùn-dìomhair m, gen rùin-dìomhair, pl rùintean-dìomhair
secretarial a eagrachaidh. The secretarial skills are capable of improvement only when the young writer has some notion of what to say, cha ghabh piseach thoirt air na sgilean eagrachaidh gu bràth gus am bi rudeigin de bheachd aig an sgrìobhadair òg air dè their e
secretary n 1 rùnaire m, pl rùnairean. Secretary of State, Rùnaire na Stàite. The Home Secretary, Rùnaire na Dùthcha
2 (female) ban-rùnaire f, gen ban-rùnairean
section n 1 earrann f, dat earrainn, pl earrainnean. Section 1, Earrann 1. This section shows, tha an earrann seo a’ comharrachadh. in this section, anns an earrainn seo. Subsequent sections of the report offer…, tha earrainnean a tha a’ leantainn den aithisg a’ tairgse…. Ways in which these are replaced by sections of text, dòighean anns a bheil an àite sin air a ghabhail le earrainnean teacsa
2 paragraf m, pl paragrafan. They are still quite distinct from the opening sections of informational texts, tha iad fhathast gu math eadar-dhealaichte ris na paragrafan tòiseachaidh ann an teacsaichean fiosrachaidh
secure a 1 sàbhailte. In this relaxed, secure setting, anns an t-suidheachadh shocair, shàbhailte seo
2 tèarainte. Secure status, inbhe thèarainte. Secure status for Gaelic, inbhe thèarainte don Ghàidhlig
3 daingeann. Ensure that the clamp on the tube is closed securely, dèan cinnteach gum bheil an glamaire air an tiuba air a dhùnadh gu daingeann
secure v tr 1 dèan nas cinntiche, vn dèan nas cinntiche. They will be encouraged to ask questions to secure understanding, bithear gam misneachadh gus ceistean fhaighneachd, gus tuigse a dhèanamh nas cinntiche
2 not directly expressed. The main emphasis will be on securing the best conditions for learning by creating situations which will permit all pupils to make consistent progress, bithear a’ cur prìomh chudthroim air na suidhichidhean as fheàrr a ghabhas cruthachadh airson clann a bhith ag ionnsachadh, agus a bheir cothrom dhaibh a bhith a’ dèanamh adhartais gu cunbhalach
security n 1 tèarainteachd f. There must be security against unauthorised access to the building, feumaidh tèarainteachd a bhith ann an aghaidh a bhith a’ faighinn a-steach don togalach gun ùghdarras
2 expressed with neart m. Teachers will have the security of working within a consistent language programme, gheibh tidsearan neart o bhith ag obair taobh a-staigh prògram-cànain a tha cunbhalach
sediment n grùid f, gen grùide, pl grùidean. These rocks form the oldest undisturbed sediments in Britain, ’s iad na creagan seo na grùidean neo-ghluaiste as sine ann am Breatainn
sedimentation n grùideachadh m, gen grùideachaidh
sedimentary a grùideach. Sedimentary rock, creag ghrùideach
see v tr 1 faic, vn faicinn f. To help pupils see the need for filling out the texture of stories, gus a’ chlann a chuideachadh gus faicinn gum feum stòiridhean a bhith air an leudachadh a-mach. Pupils should be helped to see themselves as self-supporting spellers, tha còir a’ chlann a chuideachadh gu bhith gam faicinn fhèin mar luchd-cuidich dhaibh fhèin ann an litreachadh
2 tuig, vn tuigsinn f. It is increasingly seen as an asset, thàtar a’ sìor thuigsinn gur nì feumail e. The study of genre helps pupils to see how the form and content of distinctive types of texts reflect their underlying purposes, cuidichidh beachdachadh air gnè a’ chlann gu bhith a’ tuigsinn mar tha cruth sheòrsachan àraidh de theacsaichean, agus na bheil annta, a’ comharrachadh nan adhbhar a tha air an cùl
3 expressed with feuch, vn feuchainn f. See how many new words you can add to the list, feuch dè na chuireas tu de dh’fhacail ùra ris an liosta
seed n 1 sìol m, gen sìl. Activities such as planting seeds, gnìomhan mar a bhith a’ cur sìl
2 fras f, gen froise. Grass seed, fras feòir
seek v tr sir, vn sireadh m. To seek advice and assistance, a bhith a’ sireadh comhairle is cuideachaidh. Seeking clues that suggest it is fact or fiction, a’ sireadh chomharraidhean gur e fìorsgeul no ficsean a tha ann. Pupils will talk to convey and seek information, bidh a’ chlann a’ labhairt gus fiosrachadh a chur an cèill agus a shireadh. Any staff member who contracts a persistant cough or respiratory infection must withdraw and, if necessary, seek medical clearance before returning to work, ma thogas neach sam bith den luchd-obrach casad leanailteach no gabhaltachd analach feumaidh i/e tarraing a-mach agus, ma bhitheas e riatanach, rèite mheidigeach a shireadh mus tillear gu obair
seem v i 1 expressed with ann an sealladh. Views of the world which are determined by non-Gaelic concerns and which, for some children, seem more “modern” and therefore more attractive, seallaidhean den t-saoghal a tha air am bonntachadh air nithean nach buin don Ghàidhlig agus a tha ann an sealladh cuid de chloinn nas “ùr-fhasanta” agus mar sin nas tarraingiche
2 ar v def. It seems to me, it seemed to me, ar leam. It seems to her, it seemed to me, ar leatha
see-through a tro-fhaicsinneach
segment n gearradh-cuairteig m, gen gearraidh-chuairteig, pl gearraidhean-cuairteig
seif n seif f
sìf f
Seil pr n Saoil
seismograph n seismeagraf m, pl seismeagrafan
select v tr 1 tagh, vn taghadh m. Find, select and collate information, a’ lorg, a’ taghadh agus a’ cur còmhla fiosrachaidh. Listeners have to learn to select relevant information, feumaidh luchd-èisteachd ionnsachadh mar a thaghas iad fiosrachadh brìoghmhor. This will involve the teacher in helping pupils to select questions, coisnidh seo gum bi an tidsear a’ cuideachadh na cloinne ann a bhith a’ taghadh cheistean. Skills of selecting facts will continue to be developed, leanar air a bhith a’ toirt fàis air sgilean taghadh fìorsgeoil. Pupils will be given more choice in selecting topics, bheirear barrachd roghainn don chloinn ann a bhith a’ taghadh chuspairean. Pupils will act individually in collating information and selecting appropriate structures, bidh a’ chlann ag obair air an ceann fhèin, a’ tional fiosrachaidh agus a’ taghadh structairean freagarrach
2 tagh às, vn taghadh às. Selecting what is appropriate, a’ taghadh asta na tha iomchaidh
selection n 1 taghadh m, gen taghaidh, pl taghaidhean. This will include a selection of terms, an lùib seo bidh taghadh de bhriathran. The guiding principle in regard to selection of language should be the children’s need to communicate, ’s e màthair-adhbhair taghadh cànain am feum a bhitheas aig a’ chloinn air a bhith a’ conaltradh. In selection of content and style of presentation, ann an taghadh susbaint agus ann am modh taisbeanaidh
2 expressed with tagh, vn taghadh m. The teacher should be involved in assisting with the selection of ideas, tha còir aig an tidsear a bhith a’ gabhail pàirt ann an cuideachadh le bhith a’ taghadh bhun-bheachdan
3 expressed with seòrsachan. A wide selection of texts should be available, tha còir cothrom a bhith ann air mòran sheòrsachan de theacsaichean
selective a roghnach. A selective filter, sìolachan roghnach
selectively adv expressed with gus nithean sònraichte a thogail. They will also be able to listen selectively at some times, bidh comas aca cuideachd a bhith ag èisteachd gus nithean sònraichte a thogail aig amannan
self pron 1 expressed with fhèin. Their awareness of self, am mothachadh orra fhèin. Pupils will be able to respond to questions about self, thèid aig a’ chloinn air ceistean mun deidhinn fhèin a fhreagairt
2 expressed with cach a chèile. Exchange personal information about self and others, a’ toirt seachad fiosrachadh pearsanta mu cach a chèile
self-assessment n 1 fèin-mheasadh m, gen fèin-mheasaidh. To assist in self- and peer-assessment, gus cuideachadh le fèin-mheasadh agus measadh cho-aoisean
2 measadh m air fhèin, gen measaidh air fhèin. As an introduction to self- and peer-assessment, mar thùs-measaidh orra fhèin ’s air an co-aoisean
self-awareness n fèin-mhothachadh m, gen fèin-mhothachaidh. It can foster thinking and critical self-awareness, faodaidh e smuaineachadh agus fèin-mhothachadh rannsachail àrach
self-correction n fèin-cheartachadh m, gen fèin-cheartachaidh
self-correction mod fèin-cheartachaidh. Self-correction techniques, dòighean fèin-cheartachaidh
self-directed a expressed with fhèin plus cuir air adhart. Through their play and other self-directed activities, tro an cuid chleasachd agus tro ghnìomhan eile a tha iad fhèin a’ cur air adhart
self-drive n phr fèin-dhraibheadh
self-drive mod fèin-dhraibhidh
self-esteem n 1 fèin-mheas m. This ability will develop confidence and self-esteem, bheir an comas seo fàs air misneach agus air fèin-mheas
2 fèin-spèis f. Learning a language will augment confidence and self-esteem, cuiridh a bhith a’ togail cànain ri misneach agus ri fèin-spèis
self-evaluation n 1 fèin-bhreithneachadh m, gen fèin-bhreithneachaidh. Invaluable in this are self- and peer-evaluation, tha fèin-bhreithneachadh agus breithneachadh cho-aoisean do-sheachnaichte feumail a thaobh seo
2 expressed with bi a’ breithneachadh air fhèin. Pupil self- and peer-evaluation will include consideration of the success with which information transfer took place, bidh a’ chlann a’ breithneachadh orra fhèin ’s air an co-aoisean agus a’ toirt fa-near dè cho math ’s a chaidh fiosrachadh a lìobhraigeadh
3 expressed with bi ga breithneachadh fhèin. The teacher will encourage self- and peer-evaluation, bidh an tidsear a’ misneachadh na cloinne gu bhith gam breithneachadh fhèin agus an cuid cho-aoisean
self-respect n fèin-urram m, gen fèin-urraim. Materials will be chosen to help children to develop their self-respect, thèid stuthan a thaghadh gus cuideachadh le cloinn gu bhith a’ toirt fàis air am fèin-urram
self-service n fèin-fhrithealadh m, gen fèin-fhrithealaidh
self-service mod fèin-fhrithealaidh. It is a self-service shop, ’s e bùth fhèin-fhrithealaidh a tha innte
self-supporting a expressed with neach-cuidich m, pl luchd-cuidich. Pupils should be helped to see themselves as self-supporting spellers, tha còir a’ chlann a chuideachadh gu bhith gam faicinn fhèin mar luchd-cuidich dhaibh fhèin ann an litreachadh
selvage, selvedge n balt m, gen & pl built
semantic a seamantach. Semantic categories, seòrsachan seamantach. Semantic roles, riochdan seamantach
semantics n seamantaig m
semicircle n leth-chearcall m, gen & pl leth-chearcaill
semicircular a leth-chearclach
semi-colon n leth-chòilean m, gen leth-chòilein, pl leth-chòilein, leth-chòileanan
semi-detached a leth-dhealaichte. A semi-detached house, taigh leth-dhealaichte
semi-final n (sport) iar-chuairt f dheireannach, gen iar-chuairte deireannaich, pl iar-chuairtean deireannach. A debate about how large a pitch must be before a final or semi-final may be played on it, deasbad air dè cho mòr a dh’fheumas pàirc a bhith mus tèid cuairt dheireannach no iar-chuairt dheireannach a chluich oirre
semi-structured a expressed with car stèidhichte. In which pupils will practise using the language in semi-structured contexts, anns am bi a’ chlann a’ faighinn eòlais air a bhith a’ cleachdadh na cànain ann an suidhichidhean car stèidhichte
Semitic a Seimiticeach. Semitic languages, cànain Sheimiticeach
semivowel n leth-fhuaimreag f, gen leth-fhuaimreige, pl leth-fhuaimreagan
send v tr 1 cuir, vn cur m. The boat was in difficulties when the skipper sent out a distress call, bha am bàta ann an èiginn nuair a chuir a-mach an sgiobair fios-èiginn
sense n 1 ciall f, gen cèille. One cannot make much sense of line c unless one claims that there is stress on the first syllable of the line, cha dèanar mòr chiall de shreath c gun a bhith a’ tagradh gu bheil cudthrom air a’ chiad lide den t-sreath
2 seagh m, gen seagha
3 brìgh f
4 (a) mothachadh m, gen mothachaidh. A sense of purpose and audience gives greater control, tha mothachadh air adhbhar ’s air luchd-amais a’ toirt barrachd smachd. The sense of purpose and audience will be developed, bheirear fàs air mothachadh adhbhair agus luchd-amais. This will provide pupils with a sense of personal and cultural identity, bheir seo mothachadh don chloinn orra fhèin gu pearsanta agus gu cultarail. While it will be important to give an historical sense of Gaelic as a culture, ged a bhitheas e cudthromach mothachadh eachdraidheil a thoirt dhaibh air a’ ghàidhlig mar chultar
(b) expressed with mothachail a. Pupils will develop a sense of the importance of careful proof-reading, bidh a’ chlann a’ fàs mothachail air cho cudthromach ’s a tha e a bhith a’ dearbh-leughadh gu faiceallach
5 tuigse f. If pupils have a sense of genre they will also have an awareness of the significance of important features of the text, ma tha tuigse aig a’ chloinn air gnè chànain bidh mothachadh aca cuideachd air brìgh nithean cudthromach anns an teacsa. By such means they get a rapid sense of the gist of any communication, tha iad anns an dòigh sin a’ faighinn tuigse gu h-ealamh air brìgh gach adhbhar-chonaltraidh. Pupils should have a growing sense of representations generally, bu chòir do thuigse chloinne air dòighean-riochdachaidh anns an fharsaingeachd a bhith a’ dol am meud
6 ceudfaith f, pl ceudfaithean. The five senses, na còig ceudfaithean
7 expressed with caran de choltas. Adventure games let pupils explore situations which give a sense of reality, tha geamannan dùbhlain a’ toirt cothroim do chloinn a bhith a’ rannsachadh shuidhichidhean anns a bheil caran de choltas an t-saoghail againn fhìn
8 not directly expressed. The contemporary nature of Gaelic in its cultural and linguistic senses, mar a bhuineas a’ ghàidhlig don t-saoghal a tha ann a thaobh cultair is cànain. A sense of pride and confidence, moit agus misneach. A sense of enjoyment and of purpose, toileachadh agus adhbhar
make sense of v phr 1 faigh tuigse air, vn faighinn tuigse air. It helps listeners and readers make better sense of its meanings, tha e na chuideachadh do luchd-èisteachd agus do luchd-leughaidh gus tuigse nas fheàrr fhaighinn air a brìgh
2 thoir brìgh à, vn toirt brìgh à. It is through talk that the pupil makes sense of the range of ideas in the curriculum, is ann tro labhairt a bheir am pàiste brìgh às an iomadalachd thùs-bheachdan a tha anns a’ chlàr-theagaisg sin
sensitive a 1 mothachail. Teachers should be sensitive to this need, tha còir aig tidsearan a bhith mothachail air an fheum seo. Sensitive prompting by the teacher will help pupils develop their responses, bidh coiteachadh mothachail on tidsear na chuideachadh don chloinn gu bhith a’ toirt an cuid freagairtean an aghaidh. Discussion with pupils about the criteria will allow the teacher to be sensitive to what is important for pupils to achieve in the test, bheir a bhith a’ beachdachadh leis a’ chloinn air na bun-chomharraidhean cothrom don tidsear a bhith mothachail air na tha e cudthromach don chloinn a choileanadh anns a’ ghnìomh
2 expressed with gu mothachail adv. Pupils will give a succinct, coherent account of their experience of texts, with sensitive expression of feelings and reactions, bidh a’ chlann a’ toirt iomraidh ghoirid, dhòigheil, phongail air an cuid fiosrachaidh air teacsaichean, a’ cur an cèill am faireachdainnean agus am beachdan gu mothachail
sensitively adv 1 gu mothachail
2 ann an dòigh mhothachail. The teacher will intervene sensitively, bidh an tidsear a’ tighinn a-steach don chùis ann an dòigh mhothachail. The teacher, as leader, sensitively extending pupils’ talk, an tidsear mar cho-òrdanaiche a’ leudachadh labhairt na cloinne ann an dòigh mhothachail
sensitivity n 1 mothachadh m, gen mothachaidh. Sensitivity of the pupil to the listeners’ information needs is crucial, tha e do-sheachnaichte èiseil gum bi mothachadh aig a’ phàiste air feuman fiosrachaidh an neach-èisteachd
2 geur mhothachadh m, gen geur mhothachaidh. The transition from the relatively latent to the active phase in the immersion process will require sensitivity on the part of the teacher, feumaidh geur mhothachadh a bhith aig an tidsear ann a bhith a’ gluasad na cloinne on ùine a tha caran falchaidh a dh’ionnsaigh cleachdadh na Gàidhlig
3 expressed with mothachail a. These skills should be handled with sensitivity, bu chòir na sgilean seo a bhith air an làimhseachadh ann an dòigh mhothachail
sensory a 1 mothachail. Sensory impairments, duilgheadasan mothachail
2 mothachaidh. Those with sensory impairments may need specialist help, dh’fhaoidte gum bi feum acasan air a bheil uireasbhaidhean mothachaidh air taice shònraichte
3 ceudfaith. Pupils with sensory impairments, clann aig a bheil uireasbhaidhean cheudfaith
sentence n 1 (grammar) (a) seantans m, pl seantansan. In more than one sentence, ann an còrr is aon seantans. It is inevitable that that the terminology of the word, sentence and punctuation will be introduced, chan eil rian nach bi ainmeachas an fhacail, an t-seantans agus a’ phungaidh gan toirt am follais. Sentences of different length, seantansan de dh’fhaid eadar-dhealaichte. Achieve some variety in sentence structure, ag amas air na h-uiread de sheòrsachan cumaidh air seantansan. Sentence structures can be discussed in terms of how they create meaning, faodar beachdachadh air cumaidhean sheantansan a thaobh ’s mar a tha iad a’ cruthachadh brìgh
(b) rosg-rann f, gen rosg-rainn, pl rosg-rannan
2 (judgement) (a) binn f, gen binne
(b) breith f
summing-up sentence n phr seantans m geàrr-chunntais, pl seantansan geàrr-chunntais. They will learn to use topic and summing-up sentences, ionnsaichidh iad seantansan cuspair agus seantansan geàrr-chunntais a chleachdadh
topic sentence n phr 1 seantans m cuspaireach, pl seantansan cuspaireach
2 seantans m cuspair, pl seantansan cuspair. They will learn to use topic and summing-up sentences, ionnsaichidh iad seantansan cuspair agus seantansan geàrr-chunntais a chleachdadh
sentence mod sheantansan. Through control of sentence structure, tro smachd air cumadh sheantansan. In the manipulation of paragraphing and sentence structures, ann a bhith a’ làimhseachadh sgrìobhaidh ann am paragrafan agus cumaidhean sheantansan. Pupils will ensure that sentence construction is accurate and varied, bidh a’ chlann a’ dèanamh cinnteach gu bheil deilbh sheantansan neo-mhearachdach agus ioma-chruthach
sentential a seantansach
separable a expressed with gabh sgaradh. They are separable for educational purposes and are regularly separated in practice, gabhaidh iad sgaradh air sgàth foghlaim agus bithear da-rìreabh gan sgaradh gu cunbhalach
separate a 1 eadar-dhealaichte. Together with the separate guidelines on assessment, an cois an stiùiridh eadar-dhealaichte air measadh
2 air leth. Separate tables are provided, tha clàir air leth ann. The syllables having the third and fifth stresses rhyme togather in each separate long line, tha na lidean air a bheil an treas is an còigeamh cudthrom a’ dèanamh comhardaidh ri chèile anns gach sreath fada air leth
separately adv air leth. Knowledge about Language has not been treated separately in these columns, cha tugadh iomradh air leth air Eòlas air Cànain anns na colbhan seo
separate v tr 1 sgar, vn sgaradh m. They are separable for educational purposes and are regularly separated in practice, gabhaidh iad sgaradh air sgàth foghlaim agus bithear da-rìreabh gan sgaradh gu cunbhalach
2 dèan sgaradh air, vn dèanamh sgaraidh air. The activities associated with these outcomes cannot usually be separated, cha ghabh sgaradh a dhèanamh air na gnìomhan a tha co-cheangailte ris na builean seo
separated a air a sgaradh. No learning or teaching activity has these elements tidily separated, chan eil na h-earrainnean seo air an sgaradh gu rèidh ann an gnìomh ionnsachaidh no gnìomh teagaisg sam bith
separation n 1 sgaradh m, gen sgaraidh. No clear separation can be made between the four outcomes, cha ghabh sgaradh soilleir a dhèanamh eadar na ceithir builean
2 dealachadh m, gen dealachaidh, pl dealachaidhean
septic a iongraichte. My finger has turned septic, tha mo mheur air iongrachadh
septic tank n phr amar-lobhaidh m, gen amair-lobhaidh, pl amaran-lobhaidh
sequence n 1 òrdugh m, gen òrduigh, pl òrduighean. Sequence can be developed by drawing a series of pictures, faodar òrdugh a thoirt air adhart le bhith a’ tarraing sreath dhealbh. Write in an appropriate sequence, a’ sgrìobhadh ann an òrdugh iomchaidh. By providing regular opportunities for choice about the content, process and sequence of their learning, le cothrom a thoirt dhaibh gu cunbhalach roghainn a dhèanamh anns na tha iad ag ionnsachadh agus anns an dòigh agus anns an òrdugh anns a bheil iad a’ dèanamh sin. Pupils will be given chances to recall sequence, gheibh a’ chlann cothrom air a bhith a’ cuimhneachadh air òrdugh. Awareness of letter sequence, mothachadh air òrdugh litrichean
2 sreath f, pl sreathan. A strand is a sequence of targets in a key aspect of skills, ’s e a tha ann an ‘iall’ ach sreath de chuimsean ann an earrainn chudthromaich air choireigin de sgilean. They can so easily be related to the writer’s purpose: to describe a sequence of events, tha e cho furasta an cur ann an dàimh ris an adhbhar-sgrìobhaidh: gus cunntas a thoirt air sreath thachartasan
3 ruith f, gen ruithe, pl ruithean. Number sequence, ruith àireamhan
4 expressed with rèidh a. Ordering these into sequences, gan cur an òrdugh rèidh
sequence v tr 1 òrdaich, vn òrdachadh m
2 cuir an òrdugh, vn cur an òrdugh. Pupils will be asked to sequence thoughts and ideas, bithear ag iarraidh air a’ chloinn a bhith a’ cur smuaintean agus bhun-bheachdan ann an òrdugh
sequenced a air òrdachadh. Contexts which will combine to form a carefully sequenced programme, suidhichidhean a bhitheas a’ tighinn còmhla gus prògram a chruthachadh a bhitheas air òrdachadh gu cùramach
sequencing n 1 òrdachadh m, gen òrdachaidh. Sequencing of essential details, òrdachadh air na nithean èiseil. To develop skills of sequencing, gus sgilean òrdachaidh a thoirt air adhart
2 cur m an òrdugh, gen cuir an òrdugh. Techniques such as sequencing, dòighean obrach mar tha cur an òrdugh. Using prediction, sequencing and text marking, a’ cleachdadh fàisneachd, cur an òrdugh, agus comharrachadh teacsa
3 expressed with cuir an òrdugh, vn cur an òrdugh. Practice in sequencing and prediction with such texts, tro bhith a’ cur theacsaichean den t-seòrsa seo an òrdugh agus a’ fàisneachd mun deidhinn
4 leanmhainneachd f. In learning the skills of sequencing, ann a bhith a’ togail sgilean leanmhainneachd
Serb pr n Sèirbeach m, gen & pl Sèirbich
Serbia pr n an t-Seirb f, gen na Seirb; Sèirbia f
Serbian pr n (language) Sèirbis f
Serbian a Sèirbeach
series n sreath f, pl sreathan. Listening to a series of instructions, ag èisteachd ri sreath phuingean-seòlaidh. Sequence can be developed by drawing a series of pictures, faodar òrdugh a thoirt air adhart le bhith a’ tarraing sreath dhealbh. The series of paragraphs which will make up the account of the life cycle of the butterfly, an t-sreath pharagraf a thèid an ceann a-chèile gus iomradh a dhèanamh air cuairt-bheatha an dealan-dè
serious a trom-chùiseach. Serious writings, sgrìobhaidhean trom-chùiseach
serve v tr 1 dèan seirbheis, vn dèanamh seirbheis
2 fritheil, vn frithealadh m
3 expressed with deiseil a. When do you serve breakfast? or When is breakfast served? cuine bhitheas am biadh-maidne deiseil?
4 not directly expressed. It will mirror the diversity of the area the school serves, bidh i a’ comharrachadh cho iomachruthach ’s a tha coimhearsnachd na sgoile
service n seirbheis f, pl seirbheisean. Goods and services, bathar agus seirbheisean. High order services, seirbhisean àrd ìre. Low order services, seirbheisean bun-ìre. This is a twenty-four hour service, ’s e seirbheis fad latha is oidhche a tha seo
service mod 1 seirbheis. Service industry, gnìomhachas seirbheis
2 ghoireasan. Service centre, ionad ghoireasan
service pipe n phr pìob f sheirbheis, pl pìoban seirbheis
service point n phr ionad-frithealaidh m, gen ionaid-fhrithealaidh, pl ionadan-frithealaidh. At the Council Service Point, aig Ionad-Frithealaidh na Comhairle
sessile a goirid-luirgneach. Sessile oak, darach goirid-luirgneach
session n seisean m, gen seisein, pl seiseanan. At the end of a session, aig deireadh seisein
set n 1 seata m, pl seataichean. Give your set the right title, thoir an tiotal ceart air an t-seata agad. A wide selection of texts should be available, some in small sets for use by groups, tha còir cothrom a bhith ann air mòran sheòrsachan de theacsaichean, cuid dhiubh nan seataichean beaga gus an cleachdadh le buidhnean
2 cunntas m, gen cunntais, pl cunntasan. These targets also provide a set of co-ordinates, gheibhear o na cuimsean seo cuideachd cunntas cho-chomharran. As they gain a set of essential but complex skills, fhad ’s a tha iad a’ togail cunntas sgilean a tha èiseil ach ioma-fhillte
3 àireamh f, gen àireimh, pl àireamhan. There is likely to be a clear set of criteria for assessment, bidh a h-uile coltas gum bi àireamh shoilleir ann de thomhaisean measaidh
4 buidheann f, gen buidhne, pl buidhnean. “Genre” is a term used to describe a property of texts, that each text belongs to a group, or set, of texts with which it shares common features, tha “Gnè” air a chleachdadh gus iomradh a dhèanamh air nàdar theacsaichean, a’ comharrachadh gum buin a h-uile teacsa do bhuidheann theacsaichean agus gu bheil dòighean anns a bheil e coltach riutha sin
4 not expressed. A conclusion may be built up from a basic set of facts or premises, faodar oibreachadh a dh’ionnsaigh co-dhùnaidh bho fhiosrachadh no ro-stèidh bunaiteach. The whole curriculum offers a widening set of contexts for talk, tha na suidhichidhean labhairt a gheibhear anns a’ chlàr-theagaisg air fad a’ sìor mheudachadh. The attainment targets are designed to be comprehensive sets of language goals, tha na cuimsean coileanaidh air an deilbh mar amasan-ionnsachaidh iomlan airson cànain. Access to equipment such as radio and television sets, cothrom air uidheam mar tha rèidio is telebhisean
set n 1 seata m, pl seataichean. Set and costume design, seata agus deilbh aodaich
2 cruth m stèidse. Such as music, set and costume designs, mar tha ceòl, cruth stèidse agus dealbhachadh aodaich
set v tr 1 suidhich, vn suidheachadh m. This work should be set within a context based on work appropriate to the age of the pupils, bu chòir don obair seo a bhith air a suidheachadh gus freagairt air cloinn den aois seo. Particular assessment tasks set by the teacher, gnìomhan-measaidh sònraichte air an suidheachadh leis an tidsear. The principal criteria in setting attainment targets, am prìomh chomharra-stiùiridh ann a bhith a’ suidheachadh Cuimsean Coileanaidh
2 cuir, vn cur m. Although set side by side, the two columns of guidance are not meant to demonstrate equivalences, ged a tha an dà cholbh de stiùireadh air an cur taobh ri taobh chan eil seo a’ ciallachadh gu bheil iad co-ionnan
3 co-chuir, vn co-chur m. Pupils will be encouraged to set their understandings of texts against their own knowledge, misnichear a’ chlann gu bhith a’ co-chur an tuigse air na teacsaichean ris an eòlas aca fhèin
4 cuir ri chèile, vn cur ri chèile. Pupils should set questions for themselves and others to answer, bu chòir don chloinn ceistean a chur ri chèile a fhreagras iad fhèin agus feadhainn eile
5 cuir ro, vn cur ro. They might be set specially adapted targets related to their specific difficulties, dh’fhaoidte cuimsean air leth a chur romhpa a bha air an gleusadh a rèir nan duilgheadasan sònraichte a tha aca
6 cuir an greim, vn cur an greim. These tasks, which may be set at the end of a topic, bidh na gnìomhan seo, a dh’fhaodar an cur an greim aig deireadh cuspair
7 expressed with bi. Stories, songs and legends should be set beside some of the easier poems of writers like Iain Crichton Smith, tha còir sgeulachdan, òrain is uirsgeulan a bhith taobh ri taobh ri cuid de na dàin as fhasa aig sgrìobhaichean mar tha Iain Crichton Mac a’ Ghobhainn
8 not expressed. It is likely that these pupils will make more rapid progress than those whose experience of Gaelic is set within less favourable social circumstances, bidh a h-uile coltas gun tig piseach nas luaithe air a’ chloinn seo na thig orrasan a tha a’ faighinn eòlais air a’ Ghàidhlig ann an suidhichidhean sòisealta nach eil cho fàbharach
set off v phr falbh, vn falbh m. At eight o’clock they set off for work in the car, aig ochd uairean bidh iad a’ falbh a dh’obair anns a’ chàr
set out v phr 1 cuir a-mach, vn cur a-mach. The targets have been set out in grids, tha na cuimsean air an cur a-mach ann an cliathan. The attainment targets set out in Section 2, na cuimsean coileanaidh a tha air an cur a-mach ann an Earrainn 2. Events may be set out in chronological order, faodar tachartasan a chur a-mach anns an òrdugh anns an do thachair iad
2 cuir an cèill, vn cur an cèill. In order to set out clearly, a chum is gum b’urrainn daibh cur an cèill gu soilleir. One approach to the relationship between text and task is set out in the following diagram, tha aon dòigh air coimhead air an dàimh eadar teacsa agus gnìomh air a chur an cèill anns a’ chlàr a leanas
3 cuir air dòigh, vn cur air dòigh. Set out completed work, a’ cur obair a tha air a crìochnachadh air dòigh
4 thoir, vn toirt. This section sets out accounts of:, tha an earrann seo a’ toirt cunntais air:
5 thoir far comhair, vn toirt far comhair. Which sets out the approach to learning, a tha a’ toirt far comhair nan dòighean ionnsachaidh
6 cuir ro, vn cur ro. The paragraph which sets out to create a character for a story, am paragraf a tha a’ cur roimhe pearsa a chruthachadh airson sgeulachd
set out a phr air a chur a-mach. The programmes of study set out in the report, na clàran oideachaidh a tha air an cur a-mach anns an aithisg
set the scene v phr ullaich an sgeul, vn ullachadh an sgeòil. Sections of text setting the scene, earrainnean teacsa a tha ag ullachadh an sgeòil
set a 1 suidhichte. Taking responsibility for achieving a set purpose, a’ gabhail uallaich gus adhbhar suidhichte a thoirt gu buil
2 air a chur. The professional judgements which will form the basis of the report to parents, which is set in the context of these guidelines, am breithneachadh proifeiseanta a bhitheas na bhunait aig an aithris do phàrantan, a tha air a cur ann an coitheacsa a’ chlàir-stiùiridh seo
set square n ceàrnagaiche m, pl ceàrnagaichean
setting n 1 suidheachadh m, gen suidheachaidh, pl suidhichidhean. Show that they understand the following terms: setting, motives, a’ nochdadh gun tuig iad na faclan a leanas: suidheachadh, rùintean. The material settings and social relationships of the school and the classroom, suidhichidhean àrainneachd na sgoile agus an ruim-theagaisg, agus na dàimhean sòisealta a tha ri am faotainn annta. Group tasks provide the setting within which pupils can make suggestions, is ann à iomairt-bhuidhne a thig an suidheachadh anns am faod a’ chlann beachdan a chur air adhart. To ensure that Gaelic continues to be acquired within a natural setting, gus dèanamh cinnteach gum bi a’ Ghàidhlig fhathast ga togail ann an suidheachadh nàdarrach. Providing them with settings to interact with others, a’ cur suidhichidhean nan tairgse gus ceangal a dhèanamh ri feadhainn eile
2 àite m. They must make the setting and expression eerie enough to make the readers’ spines creep, feumaidh iad an t-àite agus an dòigh-innse a dhèanamh cho uamhalta ’s gun cuir e gaoir ann am feòil an luchd-leughaidh
3 expressed with na crìochan f pl. The curriculum must establish the setting for the growth of appreciation in these vital areas of the Gaelic experience, feumaidh an clàr-teagaisg na crìochan a shuidheachadh anns am bi tuigse a’ fàs air na raointean ro-chudthromach seo de dh’fhiosrachadh na Gàidhlig
4 expressed with a bhith a’ stèidheachadh. In story, pupils should be led to expect that parts of it will be devoted to setting, anns an stòiridh, bu chòir a’ chlann a threòrachadh gu bhith a’ sùileachadh gum bi cuid dhith air a toirt do bhith a’ stèidheachadh
5 seatadh m, gen seataidh, pl seataidhean. Vertical setting, seatadh dìreach, or seatadh air muin a chèile
6 not expressed. The setting of a priming question may help the pupil to express understanding, faodaidh ceist spreagaidh am pàiste a chuideachadh gus tuigse a chur an cèill
set-square n ceàrnagaiche m, pl ceàrnagaichean
settle v i 1 tuinich, vn tuineachadh m
2 cothromaich, vn cothromachadh. The weather-glass falling and then settling, a’ ghlainne a’ tuiteam ’s i an uair sin a’ cothromachadh
3 (of water) sìolaidh, vn sìoladh m
4 socraich, vn socrachadh m
settlement n 1 tuineachadh m, gen tuineachaidh, pl tuineachaidhean. Nucleated settlement, tuineachadh cruinn. Prehistoric settlement, tuineachadh roi-eachdraidheil. The remains of several different periods of settlement can be seen, chithear làraichean a bhuineas do ghrunnan de dhiofar amannan tuineachaidh
2 àite-tuineachaidh m, pl àitean-tuineachaidh. A reconstruction of a roundhouse settlement, ath-dhèanamh air àite-tuineachaidh de thaighean-cruinne. An extensive settlement of dispersed roundhouses stretches from here across the peninsula to the loch, tha àite-tuineachaidh farsaing de thaighean-cruinne sgapte a’ ruith à seo tarsainn gu ruig an loch. The roundhouses that can be viewed from the trail are typical of the whole settlement, tha na taighean-cruinne a chithear bhon t-slighe nan eisimpleirean den t-seòrsa a gheibhear san àite-thuineachaidh air fad
3 expressed with luchd-tuineachaidh m. Though the land may have been occupied from the times of the earliest human settlement, ged a dh’fhaodadh e bhith gu robh luchd-tuineachaidh bho na h-amannan a bu tràithe a’ gabhail còmhnaidh san àite
4 expressed with tuinich v, vn tuineachadh m. The surviving stone buildings show that this was generally an area of permanent settlement, tha na togalaichean cloiche a tha air mhaireann a’ sealltainn gu robhar a’ tuineachadh an seo sa chumantas fad na bliadhna
5 (of water) sìolaidh (às), vn sìoladh (às)
settler n neach-tuineachaidh m, pl luchd-tuineachaidh. This change was strengthened by the traditions of the Viking settlers, chaidh an t-atharrachadh seo a dhaingneachadh le traidiseanan an luchd-thuineachaidh Lochlannaich
sever v tr 1 sgar, vn sgaradh m
2 geàrr, vn gearradh m
several n grunnan m, gen grunnain. Look, cover, write, check is one example from several, tha seall, còmhdaich, sgrìobh, dearbh na aon eisimpleir a-mach à grunnan. The remains of several different periods of settlement can be seen, chithear làraichean a bhuineas do ghrunnan de dhiofar amannan tuineachaidh
several a 1 expressed with grunnan m. With more experience, pupils will be able to compose several sentences, leis an tuilleadh eòlais bidh comas aig a’ chloinn grunnan sheantansan a chur ri chèile. Since several pupils are able to plan and organise ideas together, seach gu bheil comas aig grunnan chloinne planadh a dhèanamh agus rian a chur air beachdan còmhla
2 expressed with grunn de. It addresses several specific issues, tha e a’ beachdachadh air grunn de chùisean sònraichte
3 expressed with àireamh f. Directions conveying several items of information, stiùireadh a tha a’ cur an cèill àireamh phuingean fiosrachaidh
severe a garbh. Pupils with severe learning difficulties, clann aig a bheil duilgheadasan garbha a thaobh ionnsachaidh
sewage n òtrachas m, gen òtrachais
sewage works n phr ionad m òtrachais, gen ionaid òtrachais, pl ionadan òtrachais
sewer n sàibhear-òtrachais m, gen sàibheir-òtrachais, pl sàibhearan-òtrachais
sewerage n òtrachas m, gen òtrachais. Department of Water and Sewerage, Roinn Uisge is Òtrachais
sex n 1 gnè f, pl gnèithean
2 feis, feise f, gen feise. A report on sex among young people, aithisg air feise am measg na h-òigridh. Heterosexual sex, feise heitrea-ghnèitheil
sex mod feise. Sex education, foghlam feise
sexist a a thaobh gnè. Sexist bias, claonadh a thaobh gnè
sexual a 1 (a) gnèitheil. Sexual features, feartan gnèitheil
(b) a bhuineas do ghnè. In order to protect them from physical, sexual and emotional harm, airson an dìon bho chron a bhuineas do bhodhaig, do ghnè is do dh’fhaireachadh inntinn
2 (a) feiseil, comp feiseile
(b) feise. Sexual consent, cead feise. Discussion on the lowering of the age of sexual consent, deasbad mu bhith ag ìsleachadh na h-aois airson cead feise
sexual intercourse n phr 1 co-riachdain m
2 feise f
sexually adv le feise. The disease is sexually transmitted, tha an galar air a sgaoileadh le feise
sexuality n feisealachd f. We believe that no family should be excluded from the group’s activities on the grounds of age, gender or sexuality, tha sinn a’ creidsinn nach bu chòir gum bitheadh teaghlach sam bith air an dùnadh a-mach bho ghnìomhan na buidhne mar thoradh air aois, gnè, no feiseileachd
shade n dubhar m, gen dubhair
2 sgàil f, gen sgàile
shade v tr duibhrich, vn duibhreachadh
shading n duibhreachadh m, gen duibhreachaidh
shaft n 1 cas f, gen coise, pl casan. Driving shaft, cas iomain
2 (a) toll m, gen & pl tuill. The miners are lowered down the shaft in a lift, thèid na mèinneadairean a leigeil sìos an toll ann an àrdaichear
(b) toll-mèinne m, gen & pl tuill-mhèinne. To reach the coal seam a shaft and tunnel have been dug through the rock, airson an sìoga guail a ruighinn chaidh toll-mèinne agus tunail a chladhach tron chreig
3 fosgladh m, gen fosglaidh, pl fosglaidhean
4 gath m, pl gathan
shake v tr crath, vn crathadh m
shaking n 1 crathadh m, gen crathaidh, pl crathaidhean
2 expressed with crath, vn crathadh m. No smacking, shaking or humiliation, cha bhithear a’ toirt sgleogan, a’ crathadh, no a’ tàmailteachadh
shale n scealla m, pl sceallaichean; also sgealla, pl sgeallaichean. Oil shale, sgealla ola. Coal shales, sgeallaichean guail. Dolomitic shale, sgealla doloimiteach
• clach-ghuail f, gen cloiche-guail, pl clachan-guail
shale-oil n ola f sgealla
shallow a 1 staoin, comp staoine
2 ao-domhain, comp ao-doimhne; eu-domhain, comp eu-doimhne. The sandstone was deposited by a large system of shallow, wide, meandering rivers, chaidh a’ chlach-ghainmhich a leigeil a-nuas le siostam mòr de dh’aibhnichean ao-domhainn, leathan, lùbach
shameless a beag-nàrach
shanty n seantaidh m, gen seantaidhean
shantytown n phr baile seantaidh, pl bailtean seantaidh
shape n 1 cumadh m, gen cumaidh, pl cumaidhean. Irregular shape, cumadh neo-chothromach. These have created the rounded shapes of the surrounding hills and hollows, ’s iad seo a chruthaich an cumadh cruinn a tha air na mill is na lagan mun cuairt. Draw a plan to show what shape you think it is, dèan plana a’ sealltainn a’ chumaidh a shaoileas tu a th’ air
2 cruth m, gen crutha, pl cruthan. Rigid shapes, cruthan cruaidh
shape mod chumaidhean. Shape model, modail chumaidhean
in shape adv phr air chumadh. Viking settlers introduced a type of building rectangular in shape, thug luchd-tuineachaidh Lochlannach a-steach gnè de thogalach air chumadh ceart-cheàrnach
shape v tr 1 cum, vn cumadh m
2 cuir cumadh air, vn cur cumaidh air. In order to shape meaning, gus cumadh a chur air brìgh
shaped a air a chumadh. To build longer, more fully-shaped works, gus obraichean nas fhaide a chur ri chèile air an làn chumadh
share n 1 cuibhreann m, gen cuibhrinn, pl cuibhreannan
2 earrann f, gen earrainn, pl earrainnean
3 (commerce) earrann f, gen earrainn, pl earrainnean
share v 1 (a) com-pàirtich, vn com-pàirteachadh m. Teachers can use existing expertise and networks to share information and resources, faodaidh tidsearan feum a dhèanamh de dh’eòlas agus de dh’obraichean-lìn a tha ann cheana gus fiosrachadh agus goireasan a chom-pàirteachadh. To present, share, clarify and reflect on ideas, gus smaointean a chur an cèill, a chom-pàirteachadh ’s a shoilleireachadh, agus gus cnuasachadh orra. Including the assessment of achievements to be shared with the pupil, colleagues and parents, agus sin a’ gabhail a-staigh measadh air na thàtar a’ toirt gu buil, rud a bhithear a’ com-pàirteachadh ris an sgoilear fhèin, ri tidsearan eile agus ri pàrantan. To share what they have enjoyed with others, a bhith a’ com-pàirteachadh ri càch na thug tlachd dhaibh fhèin
(b) gabh com-pàirt, vn gabhail com-pàirt. Apparently as regards rhyme the vowel “ao” shares, as it were, in the nature of the other two high vowels, tha e coltach a thaobh comhardaidh gu bheil an fhuaimreag “ao” a’ gabhail com-pàirt, mar gum b’ eadh, ann an nàdar an dà fhuaimreig àird eile
2 dèan iomlaid air, vn dèanamh iomlaid air. Ideas can be shared if pupils’ opinions are displayed for others to read, faodar iomlaid a dhèanamh air bun-bheachdan ma tha barailean na cloinne air an taisbeanadh gus an leugh càch iad
3 riaraich, vn riarachadh m
4 dèan roinn air, vn dèanamh roinn air. It will have to be shared fairly, feumar roinn mic is athar a dhèanamh air
5 expressed with le chèile. They will discover the experiences they share with others, gheibh iad ròs air nithean a tha iad fhèin agus feadhainn eile a’ fiosrachadh le chèile
6 not directly expressed. Stories frequently share simple beginnings, tha stòiridhean gu tric a’ tòiseachadh ann an dòigh shìmplidh. “Genre” is a term used to describe a property of texts, that each text belongs to a group, or set, of texts with which it shares common features, tha “Gnè” air a chleachdadh gus iomradh a dhèanamh air nàdar theacsaichean, a’ comharrachadh gum buin a h-uile teacsa do bhuidheann theacsaichean agus gu bheil dòighean anns a bheil e coltach riutha sin
share with v phr expressed with thoir an dà chuid do, vn toirt an dà chuid do. Port-a-beul should share curricular space with Runrig, tha còir àite sa chlàr-theagaisg a thoirt an dà chuid do phuirt-à-beul agus do Runrig
shared a 1 expressed with co-phàirtich, vn co-phàirteachadh m. The process of reading and discussion can be developed by shared reading of favourite stories, faodar fàs a thoirt air leughadh agus air beachdachadh le bhith a’ co-phàirteachadh leughadh nan stòiridhean as docha leotha fhèin
2 expressed with a cho-phàirtich … ri chèile. The teacher may construct a text from shared experiences, faodaidh an tidsear teacsa a chur ri chèile às na fiosrachaidhean a cho-phàirtich iad ri chèile
3 expressed with ann an co-phàirt. Teachers should encourage thinking and shared ideas, is còir do thidsearan a bhith a’ brosnachadh smuain agus bun-bheachdan ann an co-phàirt
sharing n 1 co-phàirteachadh m, gen co-phàirteachaidh. Including concern for tolerance, enjoyment, co-operation and sharing, a’ gabhail a-staigh a bhith a’ toirt àite do bheachdan chàich cho math ri toileachadh, co-oibreachadh agus co-phàirteachadh. Inter-school projects such as magazines, investigations and information sharing, pròiseactan eadar sgoiltean, mar tha irisean, rannsachaidhean agus co-phàirteachadh fiosrachaidh
2 riarachadh m, gen riarachaidh. Equal sharing, riarachadh co-ionann
sharp a 1 biorach, comp bioraiche
2 (alert, witty) beur, comp bèire; or beurr, beurtha, comp beurra, beurtha
shatter v tr & i bris na mhìrean, vn briseadh na mhìrean
shattering n (geography) bloighdeachadh m, gen bloighdeachaidh
shattered a bloighdichte (geography). The mountainside is littered with frost shattered blocks, tha blocaichean bloighdichte le reòthadh sgapte air feadh slios na beinne
shave v tr beàrr, vn bearradh m. Shaving mirror, sgàthan bearraidh
shaving (chip) n 1 sliseag m, gen sliseig, pl sliseagan
2 slisinn f, gen slisinne, slisne, pl slisinnean, slisnean. These are called litter houses because the floor is covered with straw or shavings, canar taighean liteir riutha seo oir tha an làr còmhdaichte le connlach no slisnean fiodha
shawl n beannag f, gen beannaig, pl beannagan
shear v tr beàrr, vn bearradh m
sheep n caora f, gen caorach, pl caoraich, caoirich, gen pl caorach. Sheep ranching, rainseachadh chaorach. The land has remained under sheep to the present day, tha an talamh fhathast fo chaoraich an diugh
sheep mod 1 chaorach. A sheep pen, crò chaorach
2 do chaoraich. This later building has in turn been adapted for use as a small sheep pen, chaidh an togalach as fhadalaiche seo atharrachadh a-rithist gu bhith air a chleachdadh mar chrò beag do chaoraich
sheep farm n phr tuathanas-chaorach m, gen tuathanais-chaorach, pl tuathanasan-chaorach
sheet n 1 siota f, pl siotachan. I put clean sheets on the bed, chuir mi siotachan glana air an leabaidh. A bed sheet, siota leapa. Sheets of lava forced through the rock along its bedding planes, siotachan làbha a chaidh a sparradh tron chreig anns na leapannan-clàir aice
2 (paper) duilleag f, gen duilleig, pl duilleagan. The paper costs 20 pence per sheet from the suppliers, tha am pàipear a’ cosg 20 sgillinn an duilleag bho na solaraichean
3 brat m, gen brata, pl bratan
sheets n pl (bed-linen) anart-leapa, gen anairt leapa
sheet-lightning n 1 dealanach m sgaoilte, gen dealanaich sgaoilte
2 fosglaidhnean m pl
shellfish n maorach, m maoraich
shelter n fasgadh m, gen fasgaidh, pl fasgaidhean
shelter belt n phr crios-fasgaidh m, gen crios-fhasgaidh, pl criosan-fasgaidh
sheriff n siorram m, gen siorraim, pl siorraman
Shetland pr n Sealtainn
shield n sgiath f, gen sgèithe, pl sgiathan
face shield n phr sgiath f aodainn
shieling n àirigh f, gen àirighe, pl àirighean, àirichean
shieling bothy n phr bothan-àirigh m, gen & pl bothain-àirigh
shift n sioft m, pl sioftachan. Seven hour shift, sioft seachd uairean a thìde
shift v tr & i 1 gluais, vn gluasad m
2 sioftaig, vn sioftadh m
shifting a gluasadach. Shifting cultivation, àiteach gluasadach
shin n lurgann f, gen lurgainn, pl lurgannan
shine v tr & i boillsg, vn boillsgeadh m
shin-guard, shin-pad n lurgnan m, gen & pl lurgnain
shingle n mol m, gen mola, moil
shiny a 1 gleansach
2 faileasach
3 lìomhte
ship n 1 bàta m, pl bàtaichean
2 soitheach m, gen soithich, pl soithichean. A ship’s captain, caiptean soithich
3 long f, gen luinge, pl longan
4 eathar m, gen eathair, pl eathraichean
ship v tr
shipping n 1 (a) loingeas m, gen loingis
(b) luingearachd f
2 saithichean. Dangerous for shipping, cunnartach do shoithichean
3 luchdachadh m, gen luchdachaidh. Shipping charges, cosgaisean luchdachaidh
shipbuilding n long-thogail f
shipyard n 1 gàradh-iarainn m, gen gàraidh-iarainn, pl gàraidhean-iarainn
2 gàradh-bhàtaichean, gen gàraidh-bhàtaichean, pl gàraidhean-bhàtaichean
shoal (fish) n 1 sgaoth m, gen sgaotha, pl sgaothan
2 cliath f, gen clèithe, pl cliathan
3 meall m, gen & pl mill
shoal (shallow water) n oitir f, gen oitire, pl oitirean
shoal a ao-domhainn, comp ao-doimhne
shoal water n phr tanalach m, gen tanalaich
shock n 1 (earthquake) (a) sgailc f, gen sgailce, pl sgailcean
(b) crith f, gen crithe, pl crithean
2 criothnachadh m, gen criothnachaidh, pl criothnachaidhean
shock-wave n 1 tonn-crithe m, gen & pl tuinn-chrithe
2 sumainn f chlisgeach, gen sumainn clisgich, pl sumainnean clisgeach
shoe n bròg, gen bròige, pl brògan
shoemaker n greusaiche m, pl greusaichean
shoot v tr 1 tilg, vn tilgeil f. He shot a stag, thilg e damh
2 cuir peilear an, vn cur peileir an; cuir am peilear an, vn cur a’ pheileir an. They ought to shoot them, tha còir aca am peilear a chur annta
shooting star n phr 1 rionnag f an earbaill, gen rionnaig an earbaill, pl rionnagan an earbaill
2 salchair-rionnaig f
shop n bùth f, gen bùtha, pl bùthan, bùithtean
shop v i bi a’ ceannach. How often do you shop in a supermarket? dè cho tric ’s a bhitheas tu a’ ceannach san t-supermarcait? Find places where people work and shop, lorg àiteachan far am bi daoine ag obair is a’ ceannach
shopping n 1 gnothaichean (bho na bùthan). I have to do some shopping, tha agam ri gnothaichean fhaighinn bho na bùthan
2 ceannach m, gen ceannaich. Find the buildings which are used for shopping in, lorg na togalaichean a tha air an cleachdadh airson ceannach annta
shopping centre n phr ionad m bhùthan, gen ionaid bhùthan, pl ionadan bùthan
shopping list n phr liosta-bhùtha f, pl liostachan-bùtha. Next to each item on the shopping list write the price, ri taobh gach rud air an liosta-bhùtha sgrìobh a’ phrìs
shopping street n phr sràid f bhùthan, pl sràidean bhùthan. It was in the main shopping street of the town, bha i ann am prìomh shràid nam bùthan anns a’ bhaile
shore n cladach m, gen cladaich, pl cladaichean
short a 1 goirid, comp giorra. Short story, sgeulachd ghoirid. Listening to a short, straightforward text, ag èisteachd ri teacsa goirid furasta. The teacher will devise short messages, bidh an neach-teagaisg a’ dealbhachadh fiosan goirid
2 aithghearr, comp aithghearra, aithghiorra
3 beag, comp lugha. Your time is short enough, tha do thìde beag gu leòr dhut
shortly adv a dh’aithghearr
shortbread n aran-milis m, gen arain-mhilis
shorthand n geàrr-sgrìobhadh m, gen geàrr-sgrìobhaidh
short-sighted a 1 geàrr-sheallach, comp geàrr-sheallaich
2 expressed with mall sa fhradharc. I am getting short-sighted, tha mi a’ fàs mall sa fhradharc
short-term a 1 expressed with anns a’ gheàrr-ùine. It is not a short-term answer we need but a long term answer, chan e freagairt anns a’ gheàrr-ùine air a bheil feum againn ach freagairt anns an fhad-ùine
2 expressed with car greiseig. A single activity may provide a short-term focus, faodaidh aona ghnìomh ùidh a thogail car greiseig
shot n urchair f, gen urchrach, pl urchraichean
shot put, putting the shot n phr cur m na cloiche, gen cuir na cloiche
should v aux 1 tha còir (aig). Schools should aim to bring pupils to the stage of broadly equal competence, tha còir aig sgoiltean a bhith a’ cuimseachadh air a’ chlann a thoirt an ìre mhaith gu comas co-ionnan. This should allow for the development of all the language skills, tha còir aige seo àite thoirt do leasachadh nan sgilean cànain air fad. Pupils should be able to communicate, tha còir comas a bhith aig a’ chloinn conaltradh a dhèanamh. Tasks should have clear, identifiable objectives, tha còir amasan soilleir a bhith aig iomairtean gus an aithnichear iad. Such approaches should stress the richness and diversity of gaelic culture, tha còir aig dòighean den t-seòrsa seo cudthrom a chur air cho saidhbhir agus cho ioma-chruthach ’s a tha dualchas na Gàidhlig. Pupils should feel part of what is going on, tha còir gum biodh mothachadh aig cloinn gu bheil iad fhèin a’ gabhail pàirt anns na bheil a’ dol air adhart. Groups should be able to work independently, tha còir gum bitheadh buidhnean comasach air obair a dhèanamh air an ceann fhèin. Reading should always have a purpose, tha còir aig leughadh daonnan adhbhar a bhith aige
2 is còir (do), bu chòir (do). Pupils should be encouraged to read for enjoyment, is còir a’ chlann a mhisneachadh gu bhith a’ leughadh airson toileachaidh dhaibh fhèin. How should such things be taught? ciamar as còir na nithean seo a theagasg? Schools should produce a policy for language, bu chòir do sgoiltean poileasaidh cànain a chur ri chèile. English should not be introduced until …, cha bu chòir tòiseachadh air a’ bheurla gus …. Gaelic should be the predominant teaching medium, ’s i a’ ghàidhlig a bu chòir a bhith na prìomh mheadhan teagaisg. Markers should be simple, bu chòir na comharraidhean a bhith sìmplidh. They should expect the poem to develop through its verses, bu chòir dùil a bhith aca gum bi an dàn a’ fàs o rann gu rann
3 expressed with vn. The policy should recognise that skills acquired in Gaelic may be expected to transfer readily to English, am poileasaidh ag aideachadh cuideachd gum faodar a bhith a’ sùileachadh gun gabh na sgilean a thogar sa Ghàidhlig an steidheachadh gu furasta anns a’ Bheurla
4 expressed with bi cothrom aig. And that they should also have the experiences identified in later targets, agus gum bi cothrom aca cuideachd air a bhith a’ fiosrachadh nan nithean a thàtar a’ comharrachadh ann an cuimsean nas àirde
5 expressed with aig plus ri. Schools should provide learning activities, tha aig sgoiltean ri gnìomhan ionnsachaidh a thairgse
6 not expressed. That Gaelic should be the language through which the contemporary world and its culture are viewed, gur ann tro shùilean na Gàidhlig a chithear an saoghal a tha ann agus a chultar. Should be attainable in the course of P1-P3, so-ruigsinn eadar B1 agus B3. The guiding principle in regard to selection of language should be the children’s need to communicate, ’s e màthair-adhbhair taghadh cànain am feum a bhitheas aig a’ chloinn air a bhith a’ conaltradh
shoulder n gualainn, gualann f, gen gualainn, guailne, pl guailnean, guaillean
shoulder-blade n slinnean m, gen slinnein, pl slinneanan
show v tr 1 nochd, vn nochdadh m. Pupils will be shown how spacing helps the reader, nochdar don chloinn mar a chuidicheas dealachadh an leughadair. They will talk appropriately, showing an awareness of audience and purpose, bidh iad a’ bruidhinn gu h-iomchaidh, a’ nochdadh mothachaidh air luchd-amais agus air adhbhar. And show that they understand, agus a’ nochdadh gu bheil iad a’ tuigsinn. Some of the examples also show how the learning and teaching activities can be linked to other targets, tha cuid de na h-eisimpleirean cuideachd a’ nochdadh mar a dh’fhaodar na gnìomhan ionnsachaidh agus teagaisg a cheangal ri cuimsean eile. Pupils can be shown how to gain an overview of an unfamiliar text, faodar a nochdadh do chloinn mar a gheibh iad sealladh farsaing air teacsa nach aithne dhaibh. By showing them how to anticipate what will come next, le bhith a’ nochdadh dhaibh mar a gheibh iad aithne air an ath rud a thig anns an teacsa
2 seall, vn sealltainn m. The teacher will show other ways of recording ideas, seallaidh an tidsear dòighean eile air bun-bheachdan a chlàradh. They will be shown the need for turn-taking, bithear a’ sealltainn dhaibh cho riatanach ’s a tha e a bhith ag obair duine mu seach. New effects can be achieved by showing pupils how to turn basic story ideas into plays, ruigear air buaidhean ùra le bhith a’ sealltainn don chloinn mar a chuireas iad bun-bheachdan sìmplidh stòiridh ann an riochd dhealbh-chluichean
3 (a) comharraich, vn comharrachadh m. This section shows, tha an earrann seo a’ comharrachadh. The route that she follows is shown by a red line on the map, tha loidhne dhearg air a’ mhapa a’ comharrachadh na slighe a bhitheas i a’ gabhail
(b) bi na chomharra air. The area of grassland at your feet shows that this place was once cultivated, tha an earrann de thalamh-feòir a tha mu do chasan na comharra air gun robhar ag àiteach an àite seo uaireigin
4 expressed with faic v, vn faicinn f. The table opposite shows a few examples of the activities appropriate to the Immersion phase, anns a’ chlàr a leanas chithear beagan eisimpleirean de na gnìomhan a tha a’ freagairt air an ùine dhrùdhaidh. Which views show both the roof and the front of the house? dè na seallaidhean anns am faic thu an dà chuid mullach agus beulaibh an taighe?
show initiative v phr expressed with air a cheann fhèin. Pupils will begin to show initiative, bidh a’ chlann a’ tòiseachadh air cànain a’ chleachdadh air an ceann fhèin
shower n 1 fras f, gen froise, pl frasan
2 meall m, gen mill, pl meallan. There will be showers in the afternoon, bithidh meallan ann feasgar
showery a frasach, comp frasaiche. It is showery today, tha e frasach an diugh
showy a basdalach, comp basdalaiche
shrew n (Sorex araneus, Sorex minutus) n feàrlagan m, pl feàrlagain. Cats kill shrews but they don’t eat them, marbhaidh na cait na fèarlagain ach chan ith aid aid
shrimp n carran m, gen & pl carrain
shrink v i rach a-steach. My jumper shrunk in the wash, chaidh am peitean agam a-steach nuair a chaidh a nighe
shrinkage n 1 dol-a-steach m
2 teannachadh m, gen teannachaidh
shrivel v i seac, vn seacadh m
shrivelled a seacaidh. A shrivelled orange, orainsear seacaidh
shrub n preas m, gen & pl pris
Shuna pr n Siùna
shuttlecock n 1 gleicean m, gen gleicein, pl gleiceanan
2 caile-circein f
sial n sial m
Siam pr n Siam m
Siamese a Siamach. Siamese cats, cait Shiamach
sick a tinn, comp tinne. Parents must not bring sick or infectious children to the day care facility, chan fhaod pàrantan clann a tha tinn no gabhaltach a thoirt leotha don ghoireas chùraim-làtha
sickly a breòite
side n 1 taobh m, gen taoibh, pl taobhan
2 cliathaich f, pl cliathaichean. Sometimes we can see the whole thing from the side, uaireannan chì sinn an rud gu lèir bhon chliathaich
side branch n phr taobh-mheur m, gen taobh-mheòir, pl taobh-mheòirean
side by side adv phr taobh ri taobh. Although set side by side, the two columns of guidance are not meant to demonstrate equivalences, ged a tha an dà cholbh de stiùireadh air an cur taobh ri taobh chan eil seo a’ ciallachadh gu bheil iad co-ionnan
side view n phr sealladh m oire, gen seallaidh oire, pl seallaidhean oire
from the other side adv phr a-nall
from this side adv phr a-null
to the other side adv phr a-null
to this side adv phr a-nall
sieve n criathar m, gen criathair, pl criatharan, criathran
sieve v tr criathair, vn criathradh m
sift v tr criathair, vn criathradh m. Sifting flour, a’ criathradh min-fhlùir
sight n fradharc m, gen fradhairc
sight mod sùla. Through a programme which should incorporate an initial sight vocabulary, tro phrògram a dh’fheumadh tùs-bhriathrachas sùla a ghabhail a-staigh
sight-seeing n siubhal m sheallaidhean, gen siubhail-sheallaidhean
sign n 1 soidhn, pl soidhnichean. By reading signs and captions, le bhith a’ leughadh shoidhnichean agus chaipseanan
2 comharra, comharradh m, gen comharraidh, pl comharraidhean
3 not directly expressed. A few may reveal signs of physical difficulties, àireamh bheag, ’s dòcha, a’ nochdadh gu bheil duilgheadasan corparra aca
sign language n phr comharrachadh m. Alternative forms of communication such as sign language, modhan conaltraidh eadar-dhealaichte mar tha comharrachadh
sign v tr sgrìobh ainm ri, vn sgrìobhadh ainm ri. She signed the document, sgrìobh i a h-ainm ris a’ phàipear
signed a 1 ainm m sgrìobhte
2 (a) ainm m air a sgrìobhadh
(b) ainm m air a sgrìobhadh ris. Sighned on behalf of the pre-school, ainm air a sgrìobhadh ris às leth na ro-sgoile
signature n ainm m sgrìobhte, pl ainmeannan sgrìobhte
significance n 1 brìgh f. If pupils have a sense of genre they will also have an awareness of the significance of important features of the text, ma tha tuigse aig a’ chloinn air gnè chànain bidh mothachadh aca cuideachd air brìgh nithean cudthromach anns an teacsa
2 expressed with bi plus buaidh. It is equally necessary to develop a parallel awareness and grasp of the significance of the culture for pupils own lives, tha e a-cheart cho riatanach mothachadh agus tuigse àrach air a’ bhuaidh a tha aig an dualchas air beatha na cloinne fhèin
significant a 1 cudthromach, comp cudthromaiche. With a keener awareness of the need to select what is significant, le mothachadh nas gèire gum feumar na tha cudthromach a thaghadh. With some sense of what is most significant, le tomhas de mhothachadh air na nithean as cudthromaiche
2 expressed with brìgh f. This will be more significant if pupils are given regular opportunities to display completed work, bidh an tuilleadh brìgh an-seo ma tha a’ chlann a’ faotainn cothroim gu cunbhalach a bhith a’ taisbeanadh obair chrìochnaichte
3 expressed with tomhas mòr de. Pupils whose difficulties are so pronounced and complex as to require significant additional provision, clann aig a bheil duilgheadasan cho follaiseach agus cho ioma-fhillte agus gu bheil feum aca air tomhas mòr de thaice a bharrachd
4 expressed with mòran idir. The lack of significant stone tumble suggests the upper walls were formed of turf, seach nach eil mòran chlachan idir air tuiteam de na ballachan bidh e coltach gur ann de dh’fhàl a bha am bràigh aca dèante
significantly adv gu sònraichte. This implies significantly enhanced support for Gaelic where it is the principal language, tha seo a’ ciallachadh rud gu sònraichte a bharrachd de thaic don Ghàidhlig ann an àiteachan far an i am prìomh chànan
silage n sadhlas m, gen sadhlais
silence n 1 sàmhchair f
2 tosd m
silo n 1 saidhlo m, pl saidhlothan
2 sadhlann f, gen sadhlainn, pl sadhlannan
silt n 1 eabar m, gen eabair
2 làthach f, gen làthaich
silver n airgead m, gen airgid
silver mod airgid. Silver paper, pàipear airgid
silver medal n phr bonn m airgid, gen & pl buinn airgid
silver plate n phr 1 pleat f airgid
2 (utensils) soithichean m pl airgeadaichte
silver v tr airgeadaich, vn airgeadachadh m
silvered a airgeadaichte. A half-silvered mirror, sgàthan leth-airgeadaichte
silvering n (silver-plating) airgeadachadh m, gen airgeadachaidh
silver-gilt n airgead-òrdha m, gen airgid-òrdha
silver-gilt mod de dh’airgead-òrdha. Silver-gilt spoons, spàinean de dh’airgead-òrdha
silver-plate v tr 1 pleataich le airgead, vn pleatadh le airgead
2 airgeadaich, vn airgeadachadh m
silver-plated a 1 pleataichte le airgead
2 airgeadaichte
silver-plating n 1 pleatadh m airgid, gen pleataidh airgid
2 airgeadachadh m, gen airgeadachaidh
silverweed n brisgean m, gen brisgein, pl brisgeanan
silvery a airgeadach
sima n sima m
similar a 1 (a) an aon. In a similar way, anns an aon dòigh
(b) an aon seòrsa. Three days had similar weather, bha trì làithean leis an aon seòrsa sìde
(c) expressed with den aon seòrsa. There was probably a similar structure built inside the roundhouse, is dòcha gun deach structar den aon seòrsa a thogail am broinn an taigh-chruinn
(d) expressed with den aon ghnè. The teaching of Gaelic from P1 to B2, a unitary process with similar approaches across the age range, teagasg na Gàidhlig bho B1 gu A2, oir is obair aonaichte, leantainneach sin, le dòighean obrach den aon ghnè o aois gu aois
2 expressed with a leithid. Who have not followed a Gaelic-medium or similar programme, nach d’fhuair oideachadh tron Ghàidhlig no a leithid sin
3 expressed with mar seo. Similar varied remains are found throughout the Highlands, gheibhear làraichean de chaochladh sheòrsachan mar seo air feadh na Gàidhealtachd
4 expressed with coltach ris. Which other building has a similar plan view? Dè an togalach eile aig a bheil sealladh plana coltach ris?
similar type n phr expressed with den aon ghnè. A similar type of house was still being built in the early 1800s, bha taighean den aon ghnè fhathast gan togail tràth sna 1800n
similarly adv anns an aon dòigh. Similarly, some pupils will overtake Level E targets, anns an aon dòigh, bidh cuid a’ coileanadh cuimsean Ìre E
similarity n 1 expressed with coltach a. Identify some similarities and differences of form and content, a’ cur aithne air mar a tha eisimpleirean den aon ghnè theacsaichean coltach agus eu-coltach ri chèile ann an cruth ’s ann an susbaint. Similarities and differences among stories can be fully explored, faodar làn rannsachadh a dhèanamh air mar a tha stòiridhean coltach agus eu-coltach ri chèile
2 pl, expressed with nithean m pl a tha coltach ri chèile. Similarities and differences of form and content, nithean a tha coltach agus eu-coltach ri chèile. Opportunities will be given to children to explore, acknowledge and value similarities and differences between themselves and others, thèid cothroman a thoirt do chloinn gus na nithean a rannsachadh anns a bheil iad coltach agus anns a bheil iad eadar-dhealaichte ri chèile, agus gus àite a thoirt do na nithean seo agus gus luach a chur orra
simile n samhla m. Simile and metaphor will be used in the study of imagery within texts, cleachdar samhla agus meatafor ann am beachdachadh air ìomhaigheachd ann an teacsaichean. They should expect vivid pictures to be painted by means of comparisons (in simile and metaphor), bu chòir dùil a bhith aca gum bi dealbhan beòthail gan cruthachadh tro shamhla agus tro mheatafor
simple a 1 (a) sìmplidh. Simple preposition, roimhear sìmplidh. Fractions in simplest form, bloighean san riochd as sìmplidh. Listen to a simple story, poem or dramatic text, ag èisteachd ri stòiridh, dàn no teacsa dràma a tha sìmplidh. Describe the simpler aspects of style, a’ toirt iomraidh air na nithean as sìmplidh a bhuineas do stoidhle. These responses will be simple and uncritically accepted, cha bhi na freagairtean seo ach sìmplidh agus gabhar riutha gun cheist
(b) expressed with gu sìmplidh. Pupils will be able to understand simple expressions of feelings, thèid aig a’ chloinn air faireachdainnean a thuigsinn a thàtar a’ cur an cèill gu sìmplidh
(c) expressed with gu math sìmplidh. At a simple level, there are broad genres, aig ìre gu math sìmplidh tha seòrsachan farsaing ann de ghnè
2 (of mind) baoth, comp baoithe
simply adv 1 gu sìmplidh
2 (a) dìreach. We should simply have trochaic feet throughout the whole song,’s e dìreach troighean tròicèach a bhitheadh againn tron òran air fad
(b) expressed with neg plus ach dìreach. The criteria are simply the grounds on which a judgement is going to be made about the pupil’s performance on a task, chan eil na comharraidhean ach dìreach airson breithneachadh a dhèanamh air mar a nì pàiste ann an gnìomh
simplification n sìmpleachadh m, gen sìmpleachaidh. It is the form “fairtich” rather than “fairtlich” that occurs in this dialect, though simplification of the consonant cluster, ’s e an riochd “fairtich” agus chan ann “fairtlich” a gheibhear san dualchainnt seo, tro shìmpleachadh a’ chòmhlain-chonnrag
simplify v tr sìmplich, vn sìmpleachadh m
simulate v tr
simulated a samhlachail. It also provides contexts to develop language in simulated situations, gheibhear suidhichidhean às cuideachd gus cànain adhartachadh ann an suidhichidhean samhlachail
simulation n 1 cur m an ìre, gen cuir an ìre. By activities such as word-processing, data handling and simulations, enable them to communicate more effectively with others, bidh gnìomhan mar tha dealbh-sgrìobhadh. làimhseachadh fiosrachaidh agus cur an ìre a’ toirt comais dhaibh air conaltradh nas buadhmhoire a dhèanamh ri feadhainn eile
2 samhlachadh m, gen samhlachaidh, pl samhlachaidhean. Adventure games and simulations, geamannan-dùbhlain agus samhlachaidhean
3 not expressed. Pupils will engage in simulations and roleplay, bidh a’ chlann a’ dol ann an riochd neach eile
simultaneous a expressed with aig an aon àm
2 mar-aon. Simultaneous translation, eadar-theangachadh mar-aon
simultaneously adv aig an aon àm. Activities that can take place simultaneously, gnìomhan a dh’fhaodas a bhith a’ dol air adhart aig an aon àm
since conj 1 (a) a chionn ’s gu or a chionn gu. Since these are the features of the language, a chionn ’s gur iad sin na comasan cànain. They are not directly related to age since, in the primary school in particular, pupils will begin to learn Gaelic at different points, chan eil ceangal dìreach aca ri aois a chionn, gu sònraichte sa bhunsgoil, gum bi a’ chlann a’ tòiseachadh air a’ Ghàidhlig aig amannan eadar-dhealaichte
(b) a chionn. There is also a sense of purpose and structure since the creation of media products involves the children in learning skills, gheibh a’ chlann mothachadh cuideachd air adhbhar agus air structar, a chionn le bhith a’ cruthachadh adhbhair-mheadhain tha iad gan cur an greim ann a bhith a’ togail sgilean
2 seach gu. Since accuracy of recall will become more important, seach gum bi e a’ fàs nas cudthromaiche a bhith a’ cuimhneachadh gu mionaideach. Since they indicate reasonable expectations of achievement for most pupils, seach gu bheil iad a’ comharrachadh na thàtar gu reusanta a’ sùileachadh a bhitheas a’ mhòrchuid den chloinn a’ coileanadh. Since they are important skills, they require to be deliberately and consciously taught, seach gur sgilean cudthromach iad feumar an teagasg a dh’aona ghnothach agus gu follaiseach
3 on, bhon. Since it is wet I shan’t go out, on tha e fliuch cha tèid mi a-mach
4 oir. Since illustrations in story text often differ from those in informational texts, oir tha na dealbhan a bhitheas ann an teacsa stòiridh gu tric eadar-dhealaichte ris an fheadhainn a tha ann an teacsaichean fiosrachaidh
since plus verb “to be” expressed with agus conj. We could not stay since the midges were so bad, cha b’ urrainn dhuinn fuireach agus na meanbhchuileagan cho dona
sinew n 1 teannan m, gen & pl teannain
2 fèith-lùthaidh f, pl fèithean-lùthaidh
3 fèith f, gen fèithe, pl fèithean
sing v tr 1 seinn, vn seinn f
2 gabh, vn gabhail m. They will sing songs and recite poems, bidh iad a’ gabhail òran agus ag aithris dhàn
3 can, vn cantainn m. Sing a song! can òran!
single a 1 aona. A single activity may provide a short-term focus, faodaidh aona ghnìomh ùidh a thogail car greiseig. In one or two strands of a single attainment outcome, ann an aon no ann an dà èill de dh’aona bhuil. More than one of them may, on occasion, be represented in a single class, faodaidh còrr is aon dhiubh a bhith ri fhaotainn aig amannan anns an aona chlas
2 aon … a-mhàin. A chapter from a novel or a single news item, caibideil a-mach à nobhail no aon naidheachd a-mhàin
3 fa leth. Some may have started to recognise single words, bidh cuid, ’s dòcha, a bhitheas air tòiseachadh air faclan fa leth aithneachadh
4 aon-fhillte
singlefold a aon-fhillte
single-storeyed a aon-làir
singular a singilte. The singular number, an àireamh shingilte. Singular and plural, singilte is iomarra
sink n sinc f, pl sincean, sinceachan. A sink with running water must be supplied for washing of hands, feumaidh sinc le uisge ruithe a bhith ann airson làmhan a ghlanadh
sink I v i rach fodha. Tha boat sank, chaidh am bàta fodha
II sink v tr 1 cuir fodha, vn cur fodha. They sank the boat, chuir iad am bàta fodha
2 cuir sìos, vn cur sìos. They sank a bore-hole, chuir iad sìos toll-lorgaidh
sip n balgam m, balgaim, pl balgaman. A sip of tea, balgam teatha
siphon n 1 sifeon m, pl sifeonan. Moving water by siphons, a’ gluasad uisge le sifeonan
2 lìonadair m, pl lìonadairean
siphon v tr sifeon, vn sifeonadh m
siphonic a sifeonach
siren n 1 dùdach f, gen dùdaiche, pl dùdaichean
2 (myth) an t-Sìrean, gen na Sìrein, pl na Sìreanan
sit v i suidh, vn suidhe. Pupils will be encouraged to sit comfortably, bi a’ chlann air am misneachadh gu suidhe gu cofhartail
sitting n 1 suidhe m. The Cairn of the Sitting, Càrn an t-Suidhe (place-name)
2 expressed with a bhith a’ suidhe. No climbing, standing or sitting on the tables in the group, cha cheadaichear a bhith a’ streap air na bùird, a bhith a’ seasamh orra no a’ suidhe orra sa bhuidhinn
site n 1 làrach f, gen làraich, pl làraichean. A tour around specific sites on the trail, turas mu thimcheall làraichean sònraichte air an t-slighe. By studying the drawings you should be able to compare the text with the site on the ground, le bhith a’ beachdachadh air na dealbhan bu chòir gur urrainn dhut coimeas a dhèanamh eadar an teacsa agus an làrach fhèin
2 expressed with far rel pron. The site of the entrance is no longer clear, chan eil e a-nis soilleir far an robh an doras
situation n suidheachadh, m, gen suidheachaidh, pl suidheachaidhean, suidhichidhean. It has much to do with the individual situation in which listening takes place, tha e ann an dlùth dhàimh ri gach suidheachadh anns a bheil èisteachd a’ dol air adhart. By developing thinking and feeling through interactive situations, le bhith a’ toirt smuain agus faireachdainn gu ìre ann an suidhichidhean pearsa-ri-pearsa. Contexts are the motivating situations within which teaching, learning and assessment activities take place, is ann an suidhichidhean a ghluaiseas an inntinn a thèid gnìomhan teagaisg, ionnsachaidh agus measaidh air adhart. It also provides contexts to develop language in simulated situations, gheibhear suidhichidhean às cuideachd gus cànain adhartachadh ann an suidhichidhean samhlachail
sixpence n bonn-a-sia m, gen & pl buinn-a-sia
six-rowed a (botany) sia-shreathach. Six-rowed barley, eòrna sia-shreathach
sixteen n sia-deug n
in counting a sia-deug
sixteen a sia … deug. Sixteen pounds, sia nota deug
sixteenth a an siathamh (fear) deug, an t-siathamh (tè) dheug
2 an sia-deugamh (fear), an t-sia-deugamh (tè)
size n 1 meud m. The map shows the size and shape of everything as it looks from above, tha am mapa a’ sealltainn meud agus cumadh gach rud mar a chithear e bho os a chionn. Whatever the size of the group there must be a minimum of two adults present at all times, ge be air bith dè am meud a bhitheas aig a’ bhuidhinn feumaidh dà inbheach air a’ char as lugha a bhith daonnan an làthair
2 meudachd f
3 cuimse f. What size do you take? dè a’ chuimse a th’ agad?
skate n 1 spèil f, gen spèile, pl spèilean
2 bròg-spèilidh f, gen bròige-spèilidh, pl brògan-spèilidh
skate v i spèil, vn spèileadh m
skateboard n spèileabord m, pl spèileabordan
skeleton n cnàimhneach m, gen & pl cnàimhnich
sketch n sgeidse f, pl sgeidseachan. Grammatical sketch, sgeidse ghràmarach. Field sketch, sgeidse-làraich
sketch mod sgeidse. Sketch map, mapa sgeidse
sketch-book n leabhar-sgeidseachan m, gen leabhair-sgeidseachan, pl leabhraichean-sgeidseachan
ski n sgi f, pl sgithean
ski v tr & i sgithig, vn sgitheadh m. Cross-country skiing, sgitheadh thar na dùthcha, or sgitheadh a’ bhlàir
skill n 1 sgil f, pl sgilean. Introducing or reinforcing a specific skill, a’ bonntachadh no a’ neartachadh sgil shònraichte. Educators will require to equip Gaelic-speaking pupils with the skills necessary, bidh e mar uallach air luchd-oideachaidh clann aig a bheil Gàidhlig uidheamachadh leis na sgilean a dh’fheumas iad. A strand is a sequence of targets in a key aspect of skills, ’s e a tha ann an ‘iall’ ach sreath de chuimsean ann an earrainn chudthromaich air choireigin de sgilean
2 expressed with anns an sgil, pl anns na sgilean. Their maturational level, interests and growing skills, an ìre fàis, an ùidhean agus an adhartas anns na sgilean
skilled a sgileil. Pupils are expected to show awareness of technique through skilled deployment of appropriate stylistic devices, thàtar a’ sùileachadh gum bi a’ chlann a’ nochdadh mothachaidh air modh-cànain anns a bheil cleachdadh sgileil air nithean iomchaidh a bhuineas do stoidhle
skim v tr 1 tog, vn togail f. Skim and scan to locate main points of a text, a’ togail agus a’ sgrùdadh gus prìomh phuingean ann an teacs a chomharrachadh
2 grad-leugh, vn grad-leughadh m. To skim and scan to verify decisions, gu bhith a’ grad-leughadh agus a’ leum-leughadh gus co-dhùnaidhean a dhearbhadh
3 bàrr-leugh, vn bàrr-leughadh m
4 (milk) tog (am bàrr de), vn togail (a’ bharra de). I skimmed the milk, thog mi am bàrr den bhainne. Take the bowl that has been skimmed, gabh a’ mhias a tha air a togail
skimming n expressed with a bhith ri bàrr-leughadh. Readers and listeners are also aided in making predictions, in skimming and scanning, gheibh luchd-leughaidh agus luchd-èisteachd cuideachadh ann a bhith ri fàisneachd, ri bàrr-leughadh agus ri grad-leughadh
skimmed milk n phr 1 bainne m togalach, gen bainne thogalach
2 bainne m lom, gen bainne luim
skin n 1 craiceann m, gen craicinn, pl craicnean. Skin cancer, aillse chraicinn
2 bian m, gen & pl bèin. A seal’s skin, bian ròin. An otter’s skin, bian bèiste-duibhe
skip v i 1 (as a lamb) (a) boc, vn bocadh m, bocail f, bocadaich f
(b) bi a’ bocail; also bi a’ buiceil
2 (jump over twirling rope) sgiob, vn sgiobadh m
skipping n 1 bocadaich f
2 (over twirling rope) sgiobadh m, gen sgiobaidh
skipping-rope n ròpa-sgiobaidh m, pl ròpan-sgiobaidh
sky n adhar m, gen adhair
Skye (Isle of) pr n an t-Eilean Sgitheanach, gen an Eilein Sgitheanaich
slack a 1 lasach, comp lasaiche; las, comp lasa
2 flagach, comp flagaich
3 slac
slag n sal m, gen sail. Iron slag has been found in the ground here, chaidh sal-iarainn a lorg san talamh an seo
slang n truaill-chainnt f
slant v i bi air fiaradh
slanting a air fiaradh
slap n boiseag f, gen boiseig, pl boiseagan
slap v tr thoir sgleog f do, vn toirt sgleoig do
slash n (typ) sgoradh m, gen sgoraidh, pl sgoraidhean
backslash n cùl-sgoradh m, gen cùl-sgoraidh, pl cùl-sgoraidhean
oblique slash n phr fiar-sgoradh m, gen fiar-sgoraidh, pl fiar-sgoraidhean
slaughter n àr m, gen àir
Slav pr n Slàbhach m, gen & pl Slàbhaich
slave n tràill m & f, pl tràillean
slavery n tràillealachd f
Slavonic pr n (linguistics) Slàbhais f
Slavonic a Slàbhach. Slavonic languages, cànain Shlàbhach
sleaze n slìomaireachd f
sleaze-bag n slìomair m, pl slìomairean
sleazy a 1 slìomach, comp slìomaiche
2 làn slìomaireachd
sledge n 1 càrn-slaoid m, gen & pl cùirn-shlaoid
2 slaodan m, gen & pl slaodain
3 slèideag f, gen slèideig, pl slèideagan
sledge v i rach air càrn-slaoid, vn dol air càrn-slaoid
sledging n dol m air càrn-slaoid. Hot sunny weather is no good for sledging, chan eil sìde ghrianach theth gu feum sam bith airson a dhol air càrn-slaoid
sleep n cadal m, gen cadail
sleep v i caidil, vn cadal
sleeping mod cadail
sleeping pill n pile f chadail, pl pileachan cadail
sleet n 1 flin m, flion m
2 (snowy sleet) clifeid f
3 (rainy sleet) clid f, glid f, glib f
sleeve n muinichill m, pl muinichillean
sleigh n, see sledge n
slender a 1 (a) caol, comp caoile. Slender vowels, fuaimreagan caola
(b) (botany) caol. Slender birdsfoot trefoil, bàrr a’ mhìslein caol
2 seang, comp seanga
slenderisation n caolachadh m, gen caolachaidh
slenderise v tr caolaich, vn caolachadh m
slenderised a caolaichte. Slenderised consonant, fuaimreag chaolaichte
slenderness n seangalachd f
slick n ùilleadh m, gen ùillidh, pl ùillidhean. Oil slick, ùilleadh ola
slide n 1 (photos) sleamhnan m, gen & pl sleamhnain. Making photographs or slides to create a narrative, a’ dèanamh dhealbhan-camara no shleamhnan gus sgeul a chur ri chèile
2 (playing) sleamhnag f, gen sleamhnaig, pl sleamhnagan
slide v tr & i sleamhnaich, vn sleamhnachadh
sliding a sleamhnachail. Sliding plate boundary, crìoch-phleataichean shleamhnachail
slight a
slightly adv gu ìre bhig. Slightly different, gu ìre bhig eadar-dhealaichte
slim a caol, comp caoile
slip v i
slipped disc n phr clàr m sgiorrte, gen & pl clàir sgiorrte
slip-off slope n phr leathad m sleamhnachaidh, gen leathaid shleamhnachaidh, pl leòidean sleamhnachaidh
sloe n àirne f pl àirnean
slogan n gairm f, pl gairmean. This might include the production of slogans, dh’fhaodadh seo gabhail a-staigh gairmean
slope n 1 leathad m, gen leathaid, leothaid, pl leathaidean, leòidean. The trail involves steep slopes and boggy areas, tha leòidean casa agus boglaichean air an t-slighe
2 bruthach m & f, gen bruthaich, pl bruthaichean
3 slios m, gen sliosa, pl sliosan. The predominant vegetation on the slopes and hills, an lusrach as cumanta air na sliosan agus air na mill
slope v i 1 aom, vn aomadh m
2 claon, vn claonadh m
sloping a claon. Sloping faces, aodainnean claona
Slovak pr n Slòbhacach m, gen & pl Slòbhacaich
Slovak a Slòbhacach
Slovakia pr n Slobhàicia f
Slovakian pr n (language) Slòbhacais f
Slovene pr n Slòibheineach m, gen & pl Slòibheinich
Slovene a Slòibheineach
Slovenia pr n Slobhèinia
Slovenian pr n (language) Slòibheinis f
slow a 1 mall, comp maille. Show that they can use at least the following terms: soft, slow , loud, a’ nochdadh gun cuir iad gu feum, air a’ char as lugha, na faclan a leanas: bog, mall, cruaidh. These volcanic rocks have worn down more slowly, tha na creagan bholcànach seo air caitheamh sìos na bu mhaille
2 slaodach, comp slaodaiche. Don’t be so slow, na bi cho slaodach
3 (of a clock) air dheireadh. The clock is slow just now, tha an gleoc air dheireadh an-dràsta
sludge n làthach f
slum n sluma m, pl slumaichean
slurry n sliobraich f
smack v tr 1 (a) thoir sgleog, vn toirt sgleog
(b) thoir sgleogan, vn toirt sgleogan
2 (a) thoir sgleog do, vn toirt sgleog do
(b) thoir sgleogan do, vn toirt sgleogan do
smacking n 1 toirt f sgleogan
2 expressed with thoir sgleogan, vn toirt sgleogan. No smacking, shaking or humiliation, cha bhithear a’ toirt sgleogan, a’ crathadh, no a’ tàmailteachadh
small a 1 beag, comp lugha, bige. Small letter, litir bheag. Small groups will ease interaction, bidh co-luadar air a dhèanamh nas fhasa le buidhnean beaga
2 goirid, comp giorra. Small stretches of irregular low stone walls can be seen, chithear earrannan goirid de ghàrraidhean-cloiche ìosal, neo-riaghailteach
smaller comp a 1 nas lugha or as lugha. Some of the smaller buildings on the trail may have been built for this purpose, dh’fhaodadh e bhith gun deach cuid de na togalaichean as lugha air an t-slighe a thogail airson an adhbhair seo
2 expressed with beag. It was once thought desirable to start with the smaller units of language, bha latha ann a bhàtar a’ meas gun robh e riatanach tòiseachadh leis na h-aonadan-cànain beaga. The roundhouse was converted to a shieling hut by the insertion of the smaller internal walls, chaidh an taigh-cruinn atharrachadh gu bhith na bhothan-àirigh le bhith a’ cur a-steach nam ballachan beaga a tha na bhroinn
small-scale mod 1 beag-sgèile. Small-scale map, mapa beag-sgèile
2 beag. The inhabitants of this area would have been small-scale farmers, bhitheadh na daoine a bha a chòmhnaidh san àite seo nan tuathanaich bheaga
small-flowered n (botany) beag-fhlùrach. Small-flowered buttercup, cearban beag-fhlùrach
smallpox n a’ breac f, gen na brice
smash v tr 1 bris, vn briseadh m
2 bloighdich, vn bloighdeachadh m
smell n 1 (a) fàileadh m, gen fàilidh, pl fàilidhean, fàilidhnean
(b) àileadh m, gen àilidh, pl àilidhean
2 boladh m, gen bolaidh, pl bolaidhean
3 boltrach m, gen & pl boltraich
smelt v tr & i leagh, vn leaghadh m
smelting n leaghadh m, gen leaghaidh
smelter n leaghadair m, pl leaghadairean
smoke n 1 ceò m & f, gen ceò, ceotha, pl ceothannan
2 smùid f, gen smùide, pl smùidean
smoke v tr & i smoc, vn smocadh m
smoking n smocadh m, gen smocaidh. No smoking should be allowed in accomodation used by children, cha choìr do smocadh a bhith ceadaichte ann an aitreabh sam bith a bhitheas a’ chlann a’ cleachdadh
smuggle v i dèan cùl-mhùtaireachd, vn dèanamh cùl-mhùtaireachd
smuggler n 1 mùtaire m, pl mùtairean
2 cùl-mhùtaire m, pl cùl-mhùtairean
snack n 1 blasad m bìdh, gen blasaid bhìdh, pl blasadan bìdh
2 mìr m, gen mìre, pl.mìrean. Always wash hands before eating snack, feumar an còmhnaidh làmhan a ghlanadh mus bithear ag ithe a’ mhìre
snappy a abhagach, comp abhagaiche
snare n 1 ribe m, pl ribeachan
2 riadh f, gen riadha, pl riadhan
sniper n (military) 1 snìpear m, gen snìpeir, pl snìpearan
2 (a) expressed with fear a tha am falach. He was killed by a bullet from a sniper’s gun, chaidh a mharbhadh le peileir bho ghunna fhear a bha am falach
(b) expressed with peileir bho ghunna fhear a tha am falach. He was killed by a sniper, chaidh a mharbhadh le peileir bho ghunna fhear a bha am falach
snout n 1 sròn f, gen sròine, pl srònan. Snout of glacier, sròn eigh-shrutha
2 soc m, gen & pl suic
3 bus m, gen buis, pl buis, busan
snow n sneachd m, gen sneachda, pl sneachdachan
snowflake n 1 (a) blèideag f, gen blèideig, pl blèideagan
(b) blèideag f shneachda, gen blèideig sneachda, pl blèideagan sneachda
2 lòineag f, gen lòineig, pl lòineagan
snow-line n 1 loidhne f shneachda
2 aìrde f shìor-shneachda
snowman n bodach-sneachda m, gen & pl bodaich-shneachda
snow-plough n crann-sneachda m, gen & pl croinn-shneachda
so adv 1 cho
2 (a) expressed with sin. They should be permitted to do so, bu chòir cead a thoirt dhaibh sin a dhèanamh
(b) expressed with seo. In doing so, ann a bhith a’ dèanamh seo
3 a-rèist
4 not directly expressed. As pupils begin to read more widely, so their writing will develop, mar a bhitheas a’ chlann a’ tòiseachadh air barrachd leughaidh a dhèanamh, bidh an sgrìobhadh aca a’ tighinn air adhart
so am, so will, so did v phr expressed with repetition of v plus agus. We’re tired — so am I, tha sinn sgìth — tha agus mise. They’ll go tomorrow — so will we, thèid iad a-màireach — thèid agus sinne. He came yesterday — so did they — thàinig e an dè — thàinig agus iadsan
so as to conj phr 1 ach an. Pupils will listen individually and in groups so as to gain information, bidh sgoilearan ag èisteachd an dà chuid fa leth agus nam buidhnean ach am faigh iad fiosrachadh
2 gus. So as to show awareness of others’ opinions, suggestions and/or feelings, gus mothachadh a nochdadh air beachdan agus/no air faireachdainnean chàich
3 air dhòigh. Plan the work of the organisation so as to minimise situations where the abuse of children may occur, socraich obair na buidhne air dhòigh a lùghdaicheas suidhichidhean far am faodadh droch-dhìol cloinne tachairt
so … as to conj phr cho … gu. Pupils whose difficulties are so pronounced and complex as to require significant additional provision, clann aig a bheil duilgheadasan cho follaiseach agus cho ioma-fhillte agus gu bheil feum aca air tomhas mòr de thaice a bharrachd
so many adv phr expressed with uimhir f de. We have so many words to describe the weather, tha uimhir de dh’fhacail againn a dh’innse mun t-sìde
so that conj phr 1 (a) gus gu ; also os gu. We shall be in control of this new channel so that we will get more time in the long run, cumaidh sinn smachd air an t-sianal ùr seo os gum faigh sinn barrachd ùine air a’ cheann thall
(b) gus. So that they genuinely support learning, gus fìor thaice thoirt do dh’ionnsachadh
2 gu. Pupils will be encouraged to sit comfortably and quietly so that they can pick up the message, bi a’ chlann air am misneachadh gu suidhe gu cofhartail agus gu socair, gu aghaidh a chur air an àite às a bheil an teachdaireachd a’ tighinn
3 agus mar sin. So that the messenger has to take more account of the possible reactions of the listeners, agus mar sin feumaidh an teachdaire barrachd aire a thoirt do mar a dh’fhaodadh an luchd-èisteachd gabhail ris an teachdaireachd
so … that adv phr cho … agus gu. It would be so big that we’d need a sack to take it home, bhiodh e chò mòr ’s gu feumadh sinn poc airson a thoirt dhachaigh
so … that … not adv phr cho … agus nach. It would be so big that we couldn’t lift it, bhiodh e chò mòr ’s nach b’ urrainn dhuinn a thogail
so then adv phr a-rèist
so very adv phr 1 cho fìor. It wasn’t so very cold yesterday, cha robh i cho fìor fuar an dè
2 expressed with cho … ’s a tha. The rest of them were quite friendly, though John was so very boorish, bha càch dhiubh duineil gu leòr, ged a bha Iain cho ùmadail ’s a bha e
soak I v tr 1 drùidh air, vn drùdhadh air. The rain soaked me, dhrùidh an t-uisge orm
2 (a) bog, vn bogadh m
(b) cuir am bogadh, vn cur am bogadh
II soak v i bi am bogadh
soaking a drùite
soaking wet a phr bog fliuch
soakaway n amar-sùghaidh m, gen amair-sùghaidh, pl amaran-sùghaidh
soap n siabann m, gen siabainn. A bar of soap, cnap siabainn. Three tablets of soap, trì cnapan siabainn. Liquid soap, siabann lionnaich
social a 1 sòisealta. Regardless of physical or social circumstances, ge b’e air bith dè an suidheachadh corparra no sòisealta anns a bheil iad. Social development, fàs sòisealta. To communicate in social interaction, conaltradh a dhèanamh ann an co-luadar sòisealta. Talking is the main means of social communication and interaction, is e a bhith a’ labhairt am prìomh mheadhan air conaltradh sòisealta eadar daoine. The teacher should respond with understanding to the diversity of language and social experience, tha còir aig an tidsear a bhi a’ gabhail le tuigse ris an iomadalachd cànain agus fiosrachaidh shòisealta
2 expressed with a thaobh conaltraidh shòisealta. Because language is central to children’s social development, a chionn ’s gu bheil cànain ann an teis meadhan fàs chloinne a thaobh conaltraidh shòisealta
3 expressed with a thaobh mar a bhuineas sinn ri coimhearsnachd. Language and communication are human and social priorities, tha prìomh inbhe aig cànain agus aig conaltradh a thaobh mar a bhuineas sinn ri daondachd agus coimhearsnachd
4 expressed with am measg dhaoine. To enhance their social confidence, gus am misneach am measg dhaoine a chur am feobhas
5 (personality) conaltrach, comp conaltraiche
social work n phr obair f shòisealta, gen obrach shòisealta. The Department of Social Work, Roinn na h-Obrach Shòisealta
social worker n phr 1 oifigeach m sòisealachd, gen & pl oifigich shòisealachd
2 obraiche m sòisealta, pl obraichean sòisealta
socialise v i
socialising n expressed with bi a’ dol am measg chàich. The teacher will identify those with difficulty in socialising, cuiridh an tidsear aithne orrasan aig a bheil duilgheadasan ann a bhith a’ dol am measg chàich
society n 1 comann-sòisealta m, gen & pl comainn-shòisealta. A source of difficulty in a pluralistic society, adhbhar duilgheadais ann an comann-sòisealta a tha iolrachasach. Resources will be chosen to give children an appreciation of the rich diversity of our multi-racial society, thèid stuth-taice a thaghadh gus tuigse a thoirt do chloinn air an iomadalachd shaidhbhir a gheibhear nar comann-sòisealta ioma-chinealtach
2 expressed with cùisean f pl a’ mhòr-shluaigh. The main basis for engaging with society, a’ phrìomh stèidh gus a dhol an sàs ann an cùisean a’ mhòr-shluaigh. Pluralism in society, iolrachas ann an cùisean a’ mhòr-shluaigh
3 expressed with an saoghal m mòr, gen an t-saoghail mhòir. Because writing is essential for communicating within society, a chionn ’s gu bheil sgrìobhadh èiseil dhuinn gus conaltradh a dhèanamh anns an t-saoghal mhòr
3 coimhearsnachd f. AIDS is a worsening problen in society, tha AIDS a’ sìor fhàs nas miosa anns a’ choimhearsnachd
4 comann m, gen & pl comainn. A debating society, comann deasbaireachd. History societies, comainn eachdraidh
socio-economic a 1 sòiseo-eacanomaigeach. The socio-economic reasons for the dispersal of Gaelic-speaking people to the Commonwealth, na h-adhbhair shòiseo-eacanomaigeach a chuir sgapadh air sluagh na Gàidhlig don Cho-Fhlaitheas
2 sluagh-eacanomaigeach. Against such a socio-economic background, ann an leithid sin de shuidheachadh sluagh-eacanomaigeach
sociolinguistics n sòiseo-chananachas m, gen sòiseo-chànanachais
sociology n eòlas-comainn m, gen eòlais-chomainn
socket n 1 socaid f, pl socaidean
2 bun m, gen buna or buin, pl buin or bunan
3 (electrical) bun-dealain m, gen & pl buin-dealain
sodium n sòidiam m. Sodium nitrate, niotrait shòidiam. Sodium chloride, clòirid shòidiam
soft a 1 bog, comp buige. Show that they can use at least the following terms: soft, slow , loud, a’ nochdadh gun cuir iad gu feum, air a’ char as lugha, na faclan a leanas: bog, mall, cruaidh. These volcanic rocks have worn down more slowly and now stand proud of the surrounding softer rock, tha na creagan bholcànach seo air caitheamh sìos na bu mhaille agus tha iad a-nis nan seasamh a-mach bhon chreig as buige mun cuairt
2 sèimh, comp sèimhe. Soft, slow and loud are simple but important terms, ’s e briathran sìmplidh a tha ann an sèimh, mall agus cruaidh, ach tha iad cudthromach
soft drink n phr deoch-lag f
soften v tr bogaich, vn bogachadh m
softening n bogachadh m, gen bogachaidh. Water softening, bogachadh uisge
software n bog-bhathar m, gen bog-bhathair; bathar m bog, gen bathair bhuig. Appropriate word processing software is available for all stages, tha bog-bhathar freagarrach airson dealbh-sgrìobhaidh ri fhaotainn airson gach aois is ìre
soil n 1 ùir f, gen ùire, pl ùirean. Good soil, ùir mhàth. Their dung acts to fertilise the soil, bithidh am buachar aca a’ mathachadh na h-ùire. I was horrified when I saw that good soil being spoilt, ghabh mi oillt nuair a chunnaic mi an dìol a bhathas a’ dèanamh air an ùir mhath ud. The advantage of the rigs was that they allowed areas of thin soil to be deepened, ’s e a’ bhuannachd a bha ann am feannagan gum faodadh an ùir ann an àiteachan far nach robh i ach tana a bhith air a dèanamh na bu doimhne. The plants growing here are taking advantage of the soils enriched by previous settlers, tha na lusan a tha a’ fàs an seo a’ gabhail cothroim air ùir a chaidh a mhathachadh leis an luchd-tuineachaidh a bha ann roimhe. Heather is gradually colonising the richer grasslands as the nutrients disappear from these soils, tha am fraoch mean air mhean a’ tighinn a-steach don talamh-fheòir as torraiche mar a tha na stuthan-beathachaidh a’ falbh às na h-ùirean seo
2 talamh m, gen talmhainn f
soil erosion n phr 1 bleith-ùire f
2 bleith-thalmhainn f
soil nutrient n phr 1 beathachadh ùire, gen beathachaidh ùire, pl beathachaidhean ùire
2 mathachas ùire, gen mathachais ùire, pl mathachasan ùire
subsoil n fo-ùir f, gen fo-ùire, pl fo-ùirean
soil v tr salaich, vn salachadh m
solar a
solar panel n phr pannal-grèine m, gen pannail-ghrèine, pl pannalan-grèine
solar system n phr 1 crios-grèine m, gen crios-ghrèine
2 rian-grèine m, gen rian-ghrèine
3 còras-grèine m, gen còrais-ghrèine
solder n 1 lionn-tàth m
2 sodar m, gen sodair
solder v tr 1 lionn-tàth, vn lionn-tàthadh m
2 sodraig, vn sodradh m
soldering n sodradh m, gen sodraidh
sole n (of foot) bonn m, gen & pl buinn
solid n 1 teann-stuth m, pl teann-stuthan
2 stuth m tàthte
solid a 1 tàthte
2 cruaidh, comp cruaidhe. Solid steel, stàilinn chruaidh
solid fuel n phr connadh-cruaidh m, gen connaidh-chruaidh. Solid fuel stove, stòbha connaidh-chruaidh
solid shape n phr cruth m tàthte, gen cruth thàthte, pl cruthan tàthte
solidify v tr 1 cruadhaich, vn cruadhachadh m
2 reòdh, vn reodhadh m
soliloquy n òraid f aonair, pl òraidean aonair
solubility n eadarsgaoilteachd f
soluble a so-eadarsgaoilidh
solution n 1 fuasgladh m, gen fuasglaidh, pl fuasglaidhean. Staff will discuss the situation with the parents in confidence and work with them to find a solution, nì an luchd-obrach beachdachadh air an t-suidheachadh leis na pàrantan ann an dìomhaireachd agus obrachaidh iad còmhla riutha gus fuasgladh fhaighinn
2 (chemistry) (a) eadarsgaoileadh m, gen eadarsgaoilidh, pl eadarsgaoilidhean. Salt solution, eadarsgaoileadh salainn. Saturated solution, eadarsgaoileadh sàthaichte
(b) lionn-sgaoilidh m
3 (maths) fuasgladh m, gen fuasglaidh, pl fuasglaidhean
solve v tr fuasgail, vn fuasgladh m. In order to solve problems, gus ceistean fhuasgladh
solving n fuasgladh m, gen fuasglaidh. Group projects and problem-solving, pròiseactan-buidhne agus fuasgladh cheistean doirbhe
sombre a 1 gruamach, comp gruamaich
2 dorcha, comp duirche. Patches of green ground among the more sombre coloured heather, mìrean de thalamh gorm am measg an fhraoich a tha nas duirche an dath
some n 1 cuid f. Some of the examples also show how the learning and teaching activities can be linked to other targets, tha cuid de na h-eisimpleirean cuideachd a’ nochdadh mar a dh’fhaodar na gnìomhan ionnsachaidh agus teagaisg a cheangal ri cuimsean eile. Stories, songs and legends should be set beside some of the easier poems of writers like Iain Crichton Smith, tha còir sgeulachdan, òrain is uirsgeulan a bhith taobh ri taobh ri cuid de na dàin as fhasa aig sgrìobhaichean mar tha Iain Crichton Mac a’ Ghobhainn. Some may have started to recognise single words, bidh cuid, ’s dòcha, a bhitheas air tòiseachadh air faclan fa leth aithneachadh
2 expressed with cuid f de mhuinntir. Gaelic was once the language of some of Northern England, b’ i a’ Ghàidhlig aig aon àm a’ chànain a bha aig cuid de mhuinntir cheann a-tuath Shasainn
some a 1 expressed with cuid f (de, a). Some pupils will be familiar with story-books, bidh cuid de chloinn eòlach air leabhraichean le stòiridhean. . Some hens are kept in large buildings called litter houses, tha cuid a chearcan air an cumail ann an togalaichean mòra ris an canar taighean liteir. Some pupils will have difficulties that may require the provision of alternative means of communication, bidh duilgheadasan aig cuid a dh’fheumas, ’s dòcha, modhan conaltraidh seach an àbhaist a chur nan tairgse. Although some strands are described at fewer than five levels, ged a tha iomradh air cuid de na h-iallan aig nas lugha na còig ìrean. Although some strands do not begin at level A, ged a tha cuid de dh’iallan nach eil a’ tòiseachadh aig Ìre A. The programmes of study which follow provide some teaching and learning approaches, tha na Clàran Oideachaidh a leanas a’ tairgse cuid de dhòighean teagaisg agus ionnsachaidh
2 expressed with na h-uiread (de). Some teaching about common prefixes may help in this, faodaidh na h-uiread de theagasg mu ro-leasachain chumanta a bhith na chuideachadh le seo. Respond in a way that shows some reaction to one aspect of the text, a’ freagairt ann an dòigh a tha a’ nochdadh na h-uiread de thuigse air an teacsa. Respond in a way that shows some awareness of what the author thinks about them, a’ freagairt ann an dòigh a tha a’ nochdadh na h-uiread de mhothachadh air beachd an ùghdair orra. Supported by some relevant evidence, le taice o na h-uiread de dhearbhadh iomchaidh. With some teacher support, leis na h-uiread taice on neach-teagaisg
3 expressed with àireamh f. Part 3 offers some pointers, tha Pàirt 3 a’ tairgse àireamh chomharran-iùil. And also some of the technical terms of literature and the mass media, agus cuideachd àireamh de na briathran teicneolach a bhuineas do litreachas agus do na mòr mheadhain
4 expressed with tomhas m de. But still with some teacher support, ach fhathast le tomhas de thaice on tidsear. Pupils will use language with some grasp of idiomatic expressions, bidh a’ chlann a’ cleachdadh cànain agus tomhas de ghreim a bhith aca air gnàthasan-cainnt. With some sense of what is most significant, le tomhas de mhothachadh air na nithean as cudthromaiche
5 expressed with tomhas plus gen. In order to respond in some depth to a major feature of a text, gus freagairt ann an tomhas doimhne a thoirt do phrìomh nì a bhuineas do theacsa. These tasks will be marked by some structure or formality, bidh na gnìomhan seo air an comharrachadh le tomhas structair no foirmealachd
6 expressed with rudeigin de. The secretarial skills are capable of improvement only when the young writer has some notion of what to say, cha ghabh piseach thoirt air na sgilean eagrachaidh gu bràth gus am bi rudeigin de bheachd aig an sgrìobhadair òg air dè their e
7 expressed with car. Read with some fluency, a’ leughadh car siùbhlach
8 expressed with mu prep. The sandstone is some 800 million years old, tha a’ chlach-ghainmhich mu 800 millean bliadhna a dh’aois
9 expressed with gu ìre. Demonstrating some capacity to reflect on experience, a’ nochdadh gu bheil iad gu ìre comasach air meòrachadh air fiosrachadh
10 expressed with an ìre mhaith. In order to carry out tasks of some complexity, gus obair a tha an ìre mhaith ioma-fhillte a dhèanamh
11 air choireigin. Begin to indicate speech in some way, a’ tòiseachadh air cainnt-bheòil a chomharrachadh ann an dòigh air choireiginn. They will make some reference to their own experience, bidh iad a’ toirt tarraing air choireigin air am fiosrachadh fhèin. They should learn to take some account of register, tha còir aca aire air choireigin a thoirt air gnè. Rather than having the gap exposed between their present attainments and some ideal level of performance, ’s chan ann a’ foillseachadh na beàrna eadar na thèid aca air a dhèanamh an-ceartuair agus ìre choileanaidh air choireigin as àirde tha ri fhaotainn
12 expressed with ann an dòigh air choireigin. People listen best when the information is of importance to them and when they have to take some action on it, is ann an uair a tha am fiosrachadh cudthromach dhaibh agus an uair a dh’fheumas iad a chuir gu buil ann an dòigh air choireigin as fheàrr a dh’èisteas daoine
13 expressed with am measg. Early language production may take the form of Gaelic sentences with some English words, is dòcha gur e seantansan Gàidhlig le faclan Beurla nam measg na thig bhuapa de chànain toiseach cùise
14 expressed with gu math. Pupils will increasingly encounter texts of some complexity in plot, bidh a’ chlann a’ coinneachadh nas trice ’s nas trice ri teacsaichean a tha gu math ioma-fhillte ann am plota
15 expressed with beag no mòr de. Pupils will give a clear account of a personal experience with some sense of involvement, bidh a’ chlann a’ dèanamh cunntais gu soilleir air fiosrachadh pearsanta, le beag no mòr de mhothachadh air a bhith an sàs ann
16 not expressed. With some support, le taice. Respond in a way that shows some appreciation of the differing viewpoints of characters, a’ freagairt ann an dòigh a tha a’ nochdadh breithneachadh air diofar bharail na tha a’ gabhail pàirt. Identify some similarities and differences of form and content, a’ cur aithne air mar a tha eisimpleirean den aon ghnè theacsaichean coltach agus eu-coltach ri chèile ann an cruth ’s ann an susbaint. At some times, aig amannan
someone n 1 neach-eigin m. Pupils will ask what someone is doing, bidh a’ chlann a’ faighneachd dè tha neach-eigin a’ dèanamh
2 neach. Understand questions about who someone is, ceistean a thuigsinn mu cò a tha ann an neach. Pupils will call someone by name, bidh a’ chlann a’ gairm neach air ainm
3 cuideigin. To call someone by name, cuideigin a ghairm air ainm
something n 1 rudeigin m. Pupils will ask where something is, bidh a’ chlann a’ faighneachd càit a bheil rudeigin
2 rud m àraidh. Understand questions about where something is, ceistean a thuigsinn mu càit a bheil rud àraidh. To point something out, rud àraidh a chomharrachadh. Pupils will understand one can/cannot do something, bidh a’ chlann a’ tuigsinn gun tèid/nach tèid aig neach rud àraidh a dhèanamh
3 nì m àraidh. Pupils will ask what something is, bidh a’ chlann a’ faighneachd dè a tha ann an nì àraidh
sometime pron uaireigin
sometime or other pron phr 1 uair no uaireigin
2 (a) expressed with là buidhe air choireigin
(b) expressed with là buidhe Bealltainn
sometimes adv 1 uaireannan
2 aig amannan. To make choices about how to learn and sometimes what to learn, gus roghainn a dhèanamh a thaobh dòigh ionnsachaidh, agus aig amannan a thaobh dè dh’ionnsaicheas iad
somewhat adv expressed with buileach. With a gradual movement from structured to somewhat less structured learning situations, a’ gluasad mean air mhean bho shuidhichidhean-ionnsachaidh stèidhichte gu feadhainn nach eil buileach cho stèidhichte
somewhere pron àiteigin
somewhere adv 1 an àiteigin. They must be somewhere, feumaidh iad a bhith an àiteigin
2 am badeigin
song n 1 òran m, gen & pl òrain. Especially songs involving action and repetition, gu sònraichte òrain anns a bheil gnìomh agus atharrais. Making use of song and story, a’ cleachdadh stòiridhean agus òrain. Pupils will learn songs and rhymes, bidh a’ chlann ag ionnsachadh òran agus dhuan. To read words of songs, faclan òran a leughadh. This song has the same type of amhran metre as two other of the bard’s songs, tha an aon ghnè de mheadrachd amhrain air an òran seo ’s a tha air a dhà eile de chuid òran a’ bhàird
2 amhran m, gen & pl amhrain
sonnet n sonaid f, pl sonaidean
soon adv 1 tràth, comp tràithe. Encourage all pupils to speak Gaelic as soon as possible, clann a mhisneachadh gu bhith a’ bruidhinn na Gàidhlig cho tràth ’s a ghabhas
2 a dh’aithghearr
3 an-ceartuair
4 ann an ùine ghoirid
sophisticated a 1 ionnsaichte. Each target demanding more sophisticated knowledge, gach cuimse ag iarraidh eòlais nas ionnsaichte
2 adhartach. A cognitive grasp of quite sophisticated ideas and linguistic concepts, greim agus tuigse air bun-bheachdan agus air bun-smuaintean cànain a tha gu math adhartach. At a more sophisticated level, aig ìre nas adhartaiche
3 soifiostaigeach
sorghum n sorgam m
sorrel, common and sheep’s n (Rumex acetosa and R. acetosella) sealbhag f, pl sealbhagan. They were saying that Borgstrøm used to make brose of sorrel seeds, bhathar ag ràdh gu robh Borgstrøm a’ dèanamh prothas de fhros nan sealbhagan. As sour as the juice of sorrel, cho geur ri sùgh na sealbhag (proverb)
sorrel, wood n (Oxalis acetosella) biadh-eòinean m
sorrow n 1 bròn m, gen bròin
2 dòrainn f, pl dòrainnean
sorrowful a 1 brònach, comp brònaiche
2 fo bhròn
sort n seòrsa m, pl seòrsaichean
sort v tr seòrsaich, vn seòrsachadh m. Sorting sets, a’ seòrsachadh sheataichean. At the surface the coal is washed and sorted, aig an uachdar thèid an gual a nighe agus a sheòrsachadh
sort out v phr 1 cuir rian air, vn cur rian air. Talking helps us sort out what we think, tha a bhith a’ labhairt gar cuideachadh gus rian a chur air ar smuaintean. To help pupils sort out what they want to say, a’ chlann a chuideachadh gus rian a chur air na tha iad ag iarraidh a ràdh
2 cuir air dòigh, vn cur air dòigh. There will still be a need for the teacher to help pupils with sorting out the meaning of a sentence, feumaidh an tidsear fhathast a’ chlann a chuideachadh le brìgh seantans a chur air dòigh
sorted a seòrsaichte. Sorted glacial material, stuth eigheadail seòrsaichte
soul n anam m, gen anma, pl anman, anmannan
sound n fuaim, m, pl fuaimean. Sound and video recordings, clàradh fuaim is bhideo. A selection of terms referring to the words, grammar and sounds of the language, taghadh de bhriathran a bhuineas do dh’fhaclan, do ghràmar agus do dh’fhuaimean na cànain. Whether in print, sound or moving image, co-dhiù tha iad ann an clò, ann am fuaim no ann an ìomhaigh ghluasadaich
sound absorption n phr sùghadh m fuaim, gen sùghaidh fhuaim
sound effect n phr buaidh f fhuaim, pl buaidhean fuaim. They should consider the contribution to the text of sound effects, bu chòir dhaibh beachd a ghabhail air na thàtar a’ cur ris an teacsa le buaidhean fuaim
sound qualities n phr fuaimean de gach seòrsa. In poetry writing imitation of specific forms and sound qualities can be demonstrated and explored, ann an sgrìobhadh bàrdachd faodar atharrais air modhan sònraichte agus fuaimean de gach seòrsa a thaisbeanadh agus a rannsachadh
sound reflection n phr 1 frith-thilgeil f fhuaim
2 tilleadh m fuaim, gen tillidh fhuaim
sound wave n phr tonn m fuaim, gen tuinn fhuaim, pl tonnan fuaim
sound v i expressed with fuaim m, pl fuaimean. Pupils should be given an interest in words, how they sound, tha còir ùidh na cloinne a thogail ann am faclan, an seòrsa fuaim a tha aca
soup n 1 brot m, gen brota, pl brotan
2 eanraich f
3 sup m, pl supan. Tomato soup, sup tomàto. A tin of tomato soup, canastair sup tomàto
source n 1 bun m, gen buna, pl bunan. Abbreviations and sources, giorrachaidhean agus bunan. Energy source, bun lùtha. Main sources, prìomh-bhunan. Intake source, bun gabhail a-staigh
2 tùs m, pl tùsan. In order to recognise and categorize the appropriateness of information sources, gus freagarrachd tùsan fiosrachaidh aithneachadh agus a sheòrsadh
3 màthair f, gen màthar, pl màthraichean; màthair-uisge f. The source of the stream, a’ mhàthair aig an allt. Where is the source of this stream? càite bheil a’ mhàthair aig an allt seo? Texts taken from a wide range of sources, teacsaichean a thugadh à mòran sheòrsachan màthair-uisge
4 goireas m, gen goireis, pl goireasan. From a range of informational and reference sources, o chaochladh ghoireasan-fiosrachaidh. Find, select and collate information from more than one source a’ lorg, a’ taghadh agus a’ cur còmhla fiosrachaidh o chòrr is aon ghoireas
5 àite m, pl àiteachan. Skills of manipulating materials from more than one source will continue to be developed, leanar air a bhith a’ toirt fàis air sgilean làimhseachadh stuthan à còrr is aon àite
6 raon m, pl raointean. The information needed to inform decisions on assessment can be chosen satisfactorily from three sources, faodar am fiosrachadh a dh’fheumar gus a thighinn gu co-dhùnaidhean soilleir air measadh a thaghadh à trì raointean
7 freumh m, pl freumhan
8 stòr m, gen stòir, pl stòran
9 expressed with stuth plus an prep, pl stuthan etc. In order to make inferences from other audio-visual sources of information, gus foidheaman a thoirt à stuthan lèir-chlaistinneach eile anns a bheil fiosrachadh
10 expressed with às prep. It will be the main source of advice, ’s ann às a thig a’ mhòrchuid de chomhairle. These moraines will have been the source of building stone for the later houses, ’s ann às na morainean seo a thigeadh a’ chlach den deach na taighean a thogail às dèidh làimhe
The source of the infection is not yet known, chan eil fhios fhathast co às an deach na daoine a ghànrachadh
south a a-deas
South Pole n phr am Pòla m Deas, gen a’ Phòla Deas
south adv deas
south-east adv an ear-dheas
south-east by east adv an ear-dheas is a bhith an ear
south-east by south adv an ear-dheas is a bhith deas
southern a a deas. The southern half of the wall is 3m wide, tha leth a deas a’ bhalla 3m an leud
south-west adv an iar-dheas
south-west by west adv an iar-dheas is a bhith an iar
south-west by south adv an iar-dheas is a bhith deas
souvenir n cuimhneachan m, gen & pl cuimhneachain
soya n
soya beans n phr pònair f soya, gen pònarach soya
space n 1 àite m, pl àiteachan. Port-a-beul should share curricular space with Runrig, tha còir àite sa chlàr-theagaisg a thoirt an dà chuid do phuirt-à-beul agus do Runrig
2 rum m, gen ruim
3 beàrn f, gen beirne, pl beàrnan. Leave a space on the page there, fàg beàrn air an duilleig a sin
4 (a) fànas m, gen fànais
(b) speur m, gen speur. This song was made about the time the first satellites were being put into space, rinneadh an t-òran seo mun àm na ciad shaidealan a bhith gan cur an àirde san speur
5 spàs m. Two-, three-dimensional space, spàs dà-thòimhseach, trì-thòimhseach
space capsule n phr fànas-chapsal m, gen fànas-chapsail, pl fànas-chapsalan
space probe n phr fànas-sgrùdair m, pl fànas-sgrùdairean
space v tr cuir a-mach, vn cur a-mach. Form letters and space words, a’ cumadh litrichean agus a’ cur a-mach fhaclan
spacing n 1 dealachadh m, gen dealachaidh. Spacing will be reinforced by reading, bidh dealachadh air a dhaingneachadh le leughadh
2 expressed with a bhith a’ dealachadh. Pupils will be introduced systematically to word spacing, cuirear a’ chlann ann an dòigh riaghailteach an greim ann a bhith a’ dealachadh fhaclan
space-age a linn-fhànais. Space-age fashions, fasanan linn-fhànais
spaceman n speuradair m, pl speuradairean; speurair, m, pl speurairean
spaceship n 1 soitheach-fànais m, gen soithich-fhànais, pl soithichean-fànais
2 soitheach-speur m, gen soithich-speur, pl soithichean-speur
spacial a spàsail. Spacial awareness, mothachadh spàsail
spade n 1 spaid f, pl spaidean
2 (a) caibe m, pl caibeannan, caibeachan
(b) caibe-ruamhair m, pl caibeannan-ruamhair, caibeachan-ruamhair. The enclosure had been just dug over with spade or foot-plough, chaidh an t-àite-iadhaidh dìreach a ruamhar leis a’ chaibe-ruamhair no leis a’ chois-chaibe
Spain pr n an Spàinn f, gen na Spàinne
span n rèis f, gen rèise, pl rèisean
Spaniard pr n Spàinneach m, gen & pl Spàinnich; Spàinnteach m, gen & pl Spàinntich
Spanish pr n (language) Spàinnis f
Spanish a Spàinneach
spark n sradag f, gen sradaig, pl sradagan
spasm n 1 crùbadh-fèithe m, gen crùbaidh-fhèithe, pl crùbaidhean-fèithe
2 (of pain) saighdeadh m, gen saighdidh, pl saighdidhean. I was getting spasms (of pain) in my head, bha saighdidhean a’ tighinn nam cheann
speak v tr & i 1 labhair, vn labhairt f. Audiences for which pupils are speaking or writing, an luchd-amais do bheil a’ chlann a’ labhairt no a’ sgrìobhadh. Helping pupils to speak confidently about themselves, a’ cuideachadh na cloinne gu bhith a’ labhairt le misneach mun deidhinn fhèin
2 bruidhnich, bruidhinn, vn bruidhinn f. Pupils should be encouraged to speak in Gaelic, bu chòir a’ chlann a mhisneachadh gus a bhith a’ bruidhinn anns a’ Ghàidhlig. Some will come from homes where Gaelic is spoken regularly, tha cuid a bhuineas do dhachaighean anns a bheil a’ Ghàidhlig ga bruidhinn gu cunbhalach
speaking n 1 labhairt f. To learn the disciplines of effective speaking, gus an rian a bhuineas do labhairt èifeachdach ionnsachadh. By asking them to demonstrate understanding by doing or speaking, le bhith ag iarraidh orra an tuigse a nochdadh le gnìomh no labhairt
2 expressed with a bhith ag aithris. Pupils’ writing of poetry will be aided by their reading aloud and occasional verse-speaking, bidh a’ chlann air an cuideachadh ann a bhith a’ sgrìobhadh bàrdachd le bhith a’ leughadh a-mach agus le bhith ag aithris bàrdachd an-dràsta ’s a-rithist
spoken a 1 (a) air a labhairt. Information, written and spoken, will be clearly communicated in as many languages as necessary, thèid fiosrachadh, an dà chuid air a sgrìobhadh agus air a labhairt, a chur an cèill gu soilleir ann an uiread de chànainean agus a tha riatanach
(b) expressed with labhairt. In discussion of spoken texts that they have heard, ann am beachdachadh air teacsaichean labhairt a tha iad air a chluinntinn
2 expressed with beòil m gen. The text may be, for example, a poem, an illustrated page from a children’s book, or a spoken message, mar eisimpleirean de theacsaichean tha dàn, duilleag le dealbh bho leabhar chloinne, no teachdaireachd bheòil. Low and high voice will be used to describe pitch in spoken texts, bithear a’ cleachdadh guth ìosal agus guth àrd gu bhith a’ comharrachadh àirde ann am teacsaichean beòil.. Tone will be used when pupils discuss spoken communications, bithear a’ cleachdadh dòigh-labhairt an uair a bhios clann a’ beachdachadh air conaltradh-beòil. Learning to read is dependent upon the spoken language that pupils bring to school, tha ionnsachadh leughaidh an urra ris a’ chainnt-bheòil a tha a’ chlann a’ toirt leotha don sgoil
3 (a) expressed with cainnt-bheòil f. Accents will be a term used in considering diversity in spoken Gaelic, ’s e briathar a tha ann am blas a bhithear a’ cleachdadh ann am beachdachadh air iomadalachd sheòrsachan cainnt-bheòil Ghàidhlig
(b) expressed with ann an cainnt-bheòil. Pupils will listen to spoken instructions, bidh a’ chlann ag èisteachd ri seòladh ann an cainnt-bheòil
speaker n 1 neach-labhairt m, pl luchd-labhairt. In hearing a speaker, ann a bhith a’ cluinntinn neach-labhairt no òraidiche. Pupils will listen to speakers and to messages, bidh a’ chlann ag èisteachd ri luchd-labhairt agus ri teachdairean. How speakers can refer to and use what others say, mar a dh’fhaodas luchd-labhairt tarraing a thoirt air na their càch agus sin a chur gu buil
2 òraidiche m. In hearing a speaker, ann a bhith a’ cluinntinn neach-labhairt no òraidiche
3 neach-bruidhne m, pl luchd-bruidhne. Gaelic speakers, luchd-bruidhne na Gàidhlig. Pupils will listen individually and in groups so as to respond to speakers and texts, bidh sgoilearan ag èisteachd an dà chuid fa leth agus nam buidhnean ach am freagair iad ri luchd-bruidhne agus ri teacsaichean
4 not directly expressed. For these pupils reading and writing will usually start later than for fluent speakers of Gaelic, bidh a’ chlann sin nas fhaide gun tòiseachadh air leughadh ’s air sgrìobhadh, anns a’ chumantas, na feadhainn a tha fileanta sa Ghàidhlig
5 not expressed. Pupils who are not fluent speakers of Gaelic, a’ chlann nach eil fileanta sa Ghàidhlig
spear n sleagh f, gen sleagha, pl sleaghan
special a 1 sònraichte. Special educational needs, feuman foghlaim shònraichte. Which will need special attention or development, a chuireas feum air aire no air leasachadh sònraichte. Special language games, geamannan-cànain sònraichte
2 a dh’aon ghnothaich. To help us find our way around in towns, we can buy special maps called street maps, airson cuideachadh a thoirt dhuinn a’ faighinn ar rathad timcheall bhailtean, faodaidh sinn mapaichean a dh’aon ghnothaich a cheannach air a bheil mapaichean shràid
special education needs n phr feuman-foghlaim sònraichte. In meeting special educational needs, ann a bhith a’ coileanadh feuman-foghlaim sònraichte
special needs n phr 1 feuman m pl sònraichte. Pupils with special needs generally, na sgoilearan sin aig a bheil feuman sònraichte anns an fharsaingeachd
2 feumalachdan f pl sònraichte. Especially those with special needs, gu h-àraidh iadsan aig a bheil feumalachdan sònraichte
specially adv air leth. They might be set specially adapted targets related to their specific difficulties, dh’fhaoidte cuimsean air leth a chur romhpa a bha air an gleusadh a rèir nan duilgheadasan sònraichte a tha aca
specialise v tr & i
specialised a 1 sònraichte. Pupils with visual impairment may require specialised materials and approaches, faodaidh gum feum clann le uireasbhaidh fradhairc stuthan agus dòighean sònraichte
2 speisealta
specialist n speisealaiche m, pl speisealaichean
specialist a 1 sònraichte. Write in a variety of forms using appropriate organisation and specialist vocabulary, a’ sgrìobhadh ann an caochladh mhodhannan a’ cleachdadh rian iomchaidh agus briathrachas sònraichte. Those with sensory impairments may need specialist help, dh’fhaoidte gum bi feum acasan air a bheil uireasbhaidhean mothachaidh air taice shònraichte
2 speisealtach. Individuals should be encouraged to compile their own lists, including specialist vocabulary, tha còir pàistean fa leth a mhisneachadh gu bhith a’ cur an liostaichean fhèin ri chèile, agus nam measg sin briathrachas speisealtach. Co-operation between class teachers, learning support staff and specialist teachers will be essential, bidh co-oibreachadh eadar tidsearan-clas, tidsearan-taice agus tidsearan speisealtach fìor èiseil
3 speisealta. Pupils will be alert to the structures of words from specialist vocabularies, bidh a’ chlann mothachail air cumaidhean fhaclan à briathrachais speisealta
species n gnè f, pl gnèithean. The flat land by the river supports a range of grassland species, gheibhear san talamh-chòmhnard mun abhainn sreath de ghnèithean lusraich a bhuineas do thalamh-feòir
specific a 1 sònraichte. Specific issues, cùisean sònraichte. Others, however, may have pronounced, specific or complex difficulties, airson feadhainn eile, ge-tà, aig a bheil duilgheadasan follaiseach, sònraichte no ioma-chruthach. They will listen to pinpoint specific information, bidh iad ag èisteachd gus fiosrachadh sònraichte a chomharrachadh. That pupils show an understanding of specific details of a text, gum bi a’ chlann a’ nochdadh gu bheil tuigse aca air pàirtean sònraichte de theacsa
2 àraidh. Find and use information specific to their needs, a’ lorg agus a’ cleachdadh fiosrachaidh àraidh air a bheil feum aca. Texts which have been designed for a specific audience, teacsaichean a chaidh a dhealbhadh airson luchd-amais àraidh. The teacher may use particular tasks to find out specific information, faodaidh an tidsear gnìomhan sònraichte a chleachdadh airson fiosrachadh àraidh fhaotainn
3 expressed with gach aona. Detailed assessment criteria for all the specific language tasks that pupils are likely to undertake, comharraidhean-measaidh mionaideach air gach aona ghnìomh cànain a bhitheas dùil againn a ghabhas a’ chlann os làimh
4 fa leth. They may also have a heightened sense of writing and talking for genuine purposes and for real and specific audiences, faodaidh iad cuideachd am barrachd tuigse fhaotainn air a bhith a’ sgrìobhadh agus a’ labhairt gus fìor amasan a choileanadh airson fìor luchd-amais fa leth
specifically adv gu sònraichte. This section deals specifically and briefly with methods of planning assessment in language, tha an earrann seo a’ buntainn gu sònraichte ann am beagan bhriathran ri dòighean air a bhith a’ deasachadh measaidh air cànain
specific gravity n phr truimead m sònraichte, gen truimeid shònraichte
specify v tr sònraich, vn sònrachadh m
specimen n ball-sampaill m, gen & pl buill-sampaill
speckle v tr
speckled a 1 breac, comp brice
2 ballach, comp ballaiche
spectrum n speactram m, pl speactraman
speculate v i 1 cnuasaich, vn cnuasachadh m. Speculating, a’ cnuasachadh
2 beachdaich, vn beachdachadh m
speech n 1 cainnt f. Listening has implications for speech development, tha buaidh aig èisteachd air leasachadh cainnte
2 cainnt-bheòil f. Although the speech children bring to school already makes use of complex structures, ged a tha a’ chainnt-bheòil a tha a’ chlann a’ toirt don sgoil a’ dèanamh feum cheana de structairean ioma-fhillte. Begin to indicate speech in some way, a’ tòiseachadh air cainnt-bheòil a chomharrachadh ann an dòigh air choireiginn
3 labhairt f. Pupils will demonstrate a response to their listening in a variety of media, writing, pictures, graphics, speech, and performance, bidh a’ chlann a’ nochdadh freagairt do an cuid èisteachd ann an caochladh mhodhannan, sgrìobhadh, dealbhan de gach seòrsa, labhairt agus cluich. The models of speech provided by the teacher in talking to pupils, na h-eisimpleirean-labhairt a tha an tidsear a’ cur fa chomhair na cloinne an uair a tha e a’ bruidhinn riutha
4 comas-labhairt f. Speech will be fuller and more varied than at Beginner level, bidh am barrachd comas-labhairt aca, agus sin de barrachd sheòrsachan, na bha aca aig a’ Bhun Ìre
5 bruidhinn f, gen bruidhne. The teacher will identify those with hearing and speech problems, cuiridh an tidsear aithne orrasan aig a bheil trioblaidean claisneachd is bruidhne
6 (address) òraid f, gen òraide, pl òraidean
direct speech n phr labhairt f dhìreach, gen labhairt dìrich. Direct speech can be taught by looking at texts, faodar labhairt dhìreach a theagasg le bhith a’ sealltainn ri teacsaichean
speech act n phr gnìomh-cainnte m, pl gnìomhan-cainnte
speech marks n phr comharraidhean-labhairt m pl. Speech marks and exclamation marks are further descriptions of punctuation, tha comharraidhean-labhairt agus comharraidhean-clisge a’ dèanamh an tuilleadh iomraidh air pungadh
speed n 1 luathas m, gen luathais
2 astar m, gen astair
speed v tr & i
speed up v tr & i luathaich, vn luathachadh m
speed-boat n bàta-luais m, pl bàtaichean-luais
speed-limit n 1 crìoch-astair f, gen crìche-astair, pl crìochan-astair
2 astar-chrìoch f, gen astar-chrìche, pl astar-chrìochan
speedometer n 1 cleoc-astair m, pl cleocaichean-astair, cleocan-astair
2 astar-chleoc m, gen astar-chleoca, pl astar-chleocan
3 astar-mheatair m, pl astar-mheatairean
speedwell n (Veronica spp.) lus-crè m
spell n greis f, gen greise, pl greisean. Sunny spells, greisean grèine
spell (magic) n 1 geasag f, gen geasaig, pl geasagan
2 gisreag f, gen gisreig, pl gisreagan
3 or f, gen ora, pl orrachan
spell v litrich, vn litreachadh m. Spell accurately, a’ litreachadh gu dòigheil
spelling n litreachadh m, gen litreachaidh, pl litreachaidhean. Writing fluently and with accurate spelling and punctuation, a bhith a’ sgrìobhadh gu fileanta, le litreachadh agus pungadh a tha dòigheil cothromach. As pupils learn the skills of spelling, mar a tha a’ chlann a’ togail sgilean litreachaidh. Pupils are expected to attain an appropriate level of spelling, thàtar a’ sùileachadh gum bi a’ chlann ag amas air ìre iomchaidh litreachaidh. Pupils can check and correct spellings, faodaidh am pàiste dearbhadh is ceartachadh a dhèanamh air litreachadh
spelling mod litreachaidh. Diagnostic spelling tests, deuchainnean sgrùdail litreachaidh
spelling book n phr leabhar-litreachaidh m, gen leabhair-litreachaidh, pl leabhraichean-litreachaidh. A personal spelling book for words causing difficulty, leabhar-litreachaidh pearsanta airson fhaclan a tha duilich
speller n expressed with ann an litreachadh. Pupils should be helped to see themselves as self-supporting spellers, tha còir a’ chlann a chuideachadh gu bhith gam faicinn fhèin mar luchd-cuidich dhaibh fhèin ann an litreachadh
spend v tr 1 cuir seachad, vn cur seachad. Pupils will spend much time drawing, bidh a’ chlann a’ cur seachad mòran ùine a’ tarraing dhealbhan. Most of the time will be spent, cuirear seachad a’ mhòrchuid den ùine. Much time at the early stages should be spent on play, tha còir mòran ùine aig toiseach gnothaich a chur seachad a’ cluich. Pupils will require additional time to be spent on talking and listening, cuiridh a’ chlann feum air ùine a bharrachd a chur seachad a’ labhairt agus ag èisteachd.
2 cosg, vn cosg m. We must spend a little money each year to maintain the building, feumaidh sinn beagan airgid a chosg a h-uile bliadhna airson an togalach a chumail suas
3 caith, vn caitheamh m
sperm n sìol m, gen sìl
sphalerite n (mineralogy) sfalarait f
sphere n cruinne m, gen cruinne f, pl cruinnean
2 co-chruinnean m, gen & pl co-chruinnein
sphere of influence n phr raon m buaidh, gen raoin bhuaidh, pl raointean buaidh
spherical a 1 cruinn, comp cruinne
2 (a) co-chruinn
(b) co-chruinnein. Spherical aberration, iomrall co-chruinnein
spiel n rabhd m, gen rabhda, pl rabhdan
spike n spìc f, pl spìcean
spike graph n phr graf m spìceach, gen graf spìcich, pl grafan spìceach
spikenard, ploughman’s n (Inula conyza) aillean m an treabhaiche, gen aillein an treabhaiche
spill v tr & i dòirt, vn dòrtadh m
spillage n dòrtadh m, gen dòrtaidh, pl dòrtaidhean
spin I v tr 1 snìomh, vn snìomh m
II spin v i cuir caran de, vn cur char de
spinning n snìomh m, gen snìomha
spinning top n phr 1 dòtaman m, gen & pl dòtamain; tòtam m, gen tòtaim, pl tòtaman
2 gille-mirein m
spinach n bloinigean-gàrraidh m, gen bloinigein-ghàrraidh
spinal a droma
spinal cord n phr 1 còrd m droma, gen & pl cùird droma. The spinal cord, còrd an droma
2 (familiar) smior-chailleach m. Don’t put your back to the fire in case your spinal cord melts, na cuir do dhruim ris an teine mus leagh an smior-chailleach ann (said to children)
spindrift n cabhadh-mara m, gen cabhaidh-mhara
spin-dryer n tiormadair m, pl tiormadairean; toinn-thiormadair m, pl toinn-thiormadairean
spine n 1 cnàimh-droma m. The spine, cnàimh an droma
2 (book) druim m, gen droma, pl dromannan
make spine creep v phr expressed with cuir gaoir ann am feòil. They must make the setting and expression eerie enough to make the readers’ spines creep, feumaidh iad an t-àite agus an dòigh-innse a dhèanamh cho uamhalta ’s gun cuir e gaoir ann am feòil an luchd-leughaidh
spinning-wheel n cuibhle-shnìomha f, pl cuibhlean-snìomha
spiral a bithiseach, comp bithisiche
spirit n 1 spiorad m, gen spioraid, pl spioradan
2 aigne f
spirited a aigneach
spirit-level n 1 leibheil f, pl leibheilean
2 lionn-locraidh m
spit n (roasting) bior m, gen biora, pl bioran
spit v i 1 caith smugaid, vn caitheamh smugaid. He spat into the fire, chaith e smugaid san teine
2 caith smugaidean, vn caitheamh smugaidean
spitting n caitheamh m smugaidean, gen caitheimh smugaidean. No hitting, kicking or spitting in the group, cha cheadaichear bualadh, breabadh no caitheamh smugaidean sa bhuidhinn
spite n
in spite of prep phr 1 a dh’aindeoin (plus gen)
2 expressed with an dèidh (plus gen). But in spite of the foregoing, ach an dèidh sin uile
splash v i bi plubarsaich; dèan plubarsaich, vn dèanamh plubarsaich
splay-footed a spàgach, comp spàgaiche. O splay-footed little man, fhir bhig nan cas spàgach (song)
splinter n 1 spealg f, gen speilg, pl spealgan
2 bior m, gen biora, pl bioran
split n 1 sgoltadh m, gen sgoltaidh, pl sgoltaidhean. A split in the rock, sgoltadh anns a’ chreig
2 briseadh m, gen brisidh, pl brisidhean. A split in the church, briseadh anns an eaglais
split v tr 1 sgàin, vn sgàineadh m
2 sgolt, vn sgoltadh m
3 sgar, vn sgaradh m. They are afraid that their family will be split, tha eagal orra gum bi an teaghlach aca air a sgaradh
4 bris, vn briseadh m
spoil I v tr mill, vn milleadh m
II spoil v i rach a dhìth, vn dol a dhìth
spoken a, see sv speak v tr & i
spondaic a spoindèach. A spondaic foot, troigh spoindèach. If one were to count secondary stresses all the feet would be trochaic, except that in half-line h there would be a spondaic foot, nam bite a’ cunntadh darnacha cudthroman ’s e troighean tròicèach a bhitheadh ann air fad, ach a-mhàin ann an leth-shreath h gum bitheadh troigh spoindèach ann
spondee n spoindè m, pl spoindèithean
sponge n 1 spong m, gen spuing, pl spongan
2 fàisgean m, gen fàisgein, pl fàisgeanan
3 (cake) spuinse f, pl spuinseachan
sponsor v tr
sponsored a expressed with pàigh v plus cosgaisean. This booklet is sponsored by…, phàigh … cosgaisean an leabhrain seo
spontaneity n deòin f. Pupils will talk perceptively about their own experience, with increased spontaneity, bidh a’ chlann a’ labhairt gu lèirsinneach mun cuid fiosrachaidh fhèin, leis a’ bharrachd deòin
spontaneous n expressed with na tha a tighinn bho … fhèin. Moving from the rehearsed to the increasingly spontaneous, a’ gluasad o na tha iad air ionnsachadh ro-làimh a dh’ionnsaigh na tha nas motha agus nas motha a’ tighinn bhuapa fhèin
spore n spòr m, gen spòir, pl spòran
sport n spòrs f, gen spòrsa
spot n 1 ball m, gen & pl buill
2 bad m, gen baid, pl badan
3 (facial) guirean m, gen guirein, pl guireanan
on the spot adv phr (immediately) anns a’ bhad
spot height n phr puing-àirde f, pl puing-àirdean
spot v tr
spotted a ballach, comp ballaiche
spout n 1 (of water) steall f, gen still, pl steallan
2 (of vessel) srùb m, gen srùib, pl srùban
sprain n sgochadh m, gen sgochaidh, pl sgochaidhean
sprain v tr sgoch, vn sgochadh m
spray n 1 sadadh m, gen sadaidh
2 siaban m, gen siabain
spray v tr 1 steall, vn stealladh
2 spreidhig, vn spreidheadh
spread n 1 (a) sgaoileadh m, gen sgaoilidh
(b) expressed with a bhith a’ sgaoileadh. All reasonable steps must be taken to discourage the spread of infection, feumar gach riatanas reusanta a dhèanamh gus bacadh a chur air gabhaltachd o bhith a’ sgaoileadh
2 expressed with caochladh. To accommodate the variety of needs and the spread of ability, gus gabhail ri gach caochladh sheòrsa feum agus gach caochladh comais
spread v tr & i sgaoil, vn sgaoileadh m
spreading a (botany) sgaoilteach. Spreading bellflower, flùr-cluigeanach sgaoilteach
spreadsheet n duilleag-sgaoilte f, pl duilleagan-sgaoilte. Databases, spreadsheets, teletext, view data, and multimedia applications generally, stòir-dhàta, duilleagan-sgaoilte, teleteacsa, lèir-dàta agus innleachdan ioma-mheadhanach anns an fharsaingeachd
spring n 1 (water) fuaran m, gen fuarain, pl fuaran, fuaranan
2 (a) sprionga m, pl spriongachan
(b) luasgan m, gen & pl luasgain
hot spring (water) n phr fuaran teth m, gen fuarain theth, pl fuarain theth or fuaranan teth
spring-balance n spriong-mheidh f, pl spriong-mheidhean
sprinkle v tr crath, vn crathadh m
sprinkler n crathadair m, pl crathadairean
sprint v tr & i
sprinting n dian-ruith f, gen dian-ruithe
sprout n 1 bachlag f, gen bachlaig, pl bachlagan
2 buinneag f, gen buinneig, pl buinneagan
Brussels sprout n buinneag f Bhruisealach, gen buinneig Bruisealaich, pl buinneagan Bruisealach
spur n 1 spor m, or spuir m, gen spuir, pl sporan or spuirean
2 (geography) spor m, gen spuir, pl sporan. Interlocking spurs, sporan co-naisgte
spy n 1 brathadair m, pl brathadairean
2 beachdair m, pl beachdairean
spy satellite n phr saideal m brathaidh, gen saideil bhrathaidh, pl saidealan brathaidh
squall n 1 cnap-gaoithe m, gen & pl cnip-ghaoithe
2 grìodadh m, gen grìodaidh, pl grìodaidhnean
square n 1 ceàrnag f, gen ceàrnaig, pl ceàrnagan. To help you find the shop there are squares on the map, and these squares form a grid, airson do chuideachadh a’ lorg na bùtha tha ceàrnagan air a’ mhapa, agus tha na ceàrnagan seo a’ dèanamh suas cliath
2 (on chess-board or other gaming board) tì m, pl tìthean
square a 1 ceàrnagach, comp ceàrnagaiche
2 ceàrnach, comp ceàrnaiche. Square brackets, camagan ceàrnach. Square yards, slatan ceàrnach
square v tr ceàrnagaich, vn ceàrnagachadh m
squared a ceàrnagaichte
squash v tr 1 pronn, vn pronnadh m. Watch you don’t squash the bananas, feuch mus pronn thu nan bananathan
2 dinn, vn dinneadh m. You’re squashing me, tha thu gam dhinneadh
squashed a 1 air a phronnadh. This apple is squashed, tha an t-ubhal seo air a phronnadh
2 (a) air a dhinneadh. We were squashed in the front, bha sinn air ar dinneadh anns an toiseach
(b) dinnte. It’s squashed in our car, but we stop for a picnic, bidh e gu math dinnte anns a’ chàr againn ach bidh sinn a’ stad airson picnic
squatter n sguatair m, pl sguatairean
squeak n sgiamh m
squeeze n dinn, vn dinneadh m
squirrel n feòrag f, gen feòraig, pl feòragan
squirt v tr & i steall, vn stealladh m
stability n 1 seasmhachd f
2 (a) bunaiteachd f
(b) bunailteachd f
stable a 1 seasmhach, comp seasmhaiche. The building was less stable on the downhill side, cha robh an togalach cho seasmhach aig an taobh a bha shìos am bruthach
2 (a) bunaiteach, comp bunaitiche
(b) bunailteach, comp bunailtiche
stack n 1 cruach f, gen cruaiche, pl cruachan
2 staca m, pl stacannan
stack v tr 1 cruach, vn cruachadh m
2 stac, vn stacadh m
staff n (stick) 1 bata m, pl bataichean
2 bachall m, gen bachaill, pl bachaill, bachallan
staff n 1 luchd-obrach m
2 expressed with iad a tha ag obair. To office staff, dhaibhsan a tha ag obair san oifis
3 expressed with name of occupation. Learning support staff, tidsearan-taice
staff mod luchd-obrach. Policies in regard to staff development, poileasaidhean a thaobh leasachadh air oideachadh luchd-obrach
staff development n phr 1 leasachadh m air oideachadh luchd-obrach, gen leasachaidh air oideachadh luchd-obrach
2 expressed with leasachadh m air oideachadh plus poss pron. Staff development for class teachers, leasachadh air an oideachadh do thidsearan-clasa
staff v tr
staffing n luchd-obrach m. The recommendations in this report imply the following requirements regarding staffing, togar às na molaidhean anns an aithisg seo na feuman a leanas a thaobh luchd-obrach
Staffa pr n Stafa
stage n 1 (step or period of development) (a) (i) ìre f, pl ìrean. From one stage to the next, o ìre gu ìre. With different weightings for particular stages, le cudthrom eadar-dhealaichte aig ìrean àraidh. At all stages in the teaching of Gaelic, aig gach ìre ann an teagasg na Gàidhlig. At these early stages, aig an ìre òig seo. There will be a stage when …, bidh ìre ann nuair …. Curriculum Design for the Secondary Stages, Dealbhadh a’ Chlàir-theagaisg airson Ìrean na h-Àrdsgoile. To respond to more complex visual stimuli appropriate to their age or stage of development, freagairt a dhèanamh ri nithean faicsinneach a tha nas ioma-fhillte agus a tha a rèir an aois no an ìre
(ii) expressed with ìre aig a bheil …. Pupils will read texts matched to their interest and stage of development, bidh a’ chlann a’ leughadh theacsaichean a tha a’ tighinn a-rèir an ùidh agus na h-ìre fàis aig a bheil iad
(iii) expressed with aois is ìre. Appropriate word processing software is available for all stages, tha bog-bhathar freagarrach airson dealbh-sgrìobhaidh ri fhaotainn airson gach aois is ìre
(b) gnothach m, gen gnothaich. In the early stages, aig toiseach gnothaich
(c) ceum m, pl ceumannan. The stages in the development of each component have been clarified, rinneadh soilleireachadh air na ceumannan ann am fàs gach earrainn fa leth
(d) expressed with bliadhnachan f pl. Throughout the primary stages, fad nam bliadhnachan uile sa bhunsgoil
(e) not directly expressed. At as early a stage as possible, cho tràth ’s a ghabhas dèanamh. Schools should aim to bring pupils to the stage of broadly equal competence, tha còir aig sgoiltean a bhith a’ cuimseachadh air a’ chlann a thoirt an ìre mhaith gu comas co-ionnan. While most pupils will begin to use conventional formulae in Gaelic from an early stage, ged a bhitheas a’ mhòrchuid de chloinn a’ tòiseachadh air briathran cumanta ann an Gàidhlig a chleachdadh agus iad gu math òg. Their suitability for assessment purposes will vary according to the year stage at which they are used, bidh am freagarrachd mar adhbhair measaidh a rèir ’s dè a’ bhliadhna anns am bithear gan cleachdadh
2 (theatre) àrd-ùrlar m, gen àrd-ùrlair, pl àrd-ùrlair, àrd-ùrlaran
at/in the early stages prep phr 1 expressed with na cloinne bige. Teachers at the early stages, tidsearan na cloinne bige
2 expressed with aig toiseach gnothaich. Much time at the early stages should be spent on play, tha còir mòran ùine aig toiseach gnothaich a chur seachad a’ cluich
3 expressed with aig na h-ìrean as tràithe. Genre recognition can begin in the early stages, faodar tòiseachadh air aithne chur air gnè aig na h-ìrean as tràithe
4 expressed with anns na clasaichean òga
earliest stages n phr expressed with toiseach gnothaich. From the earliest stages, o thoiseach gnothaich
in the initial stages prep phr aig toiseach cùise
upper stages n phr expressed with bliadhnachan mu dheireadh. In the upper stages of the primary school, anns na bliadhnachan mu dheireadh sa bhunsgoil
stagnant a 1 marbh
2 neo-ghluasadach
stagnant water n phr marbh-uisge m
stalactite n 1 aol-chluigean m, gen aol-chluigein, pl aol-chluigeanan
stalagmite n aol-charragh f, gen aol-charraigh, pl aol-charraighean
stalk n 1 gas f, gen gaise, pl gasan
2 luirg f, gen luirge, pl luirgnean
stallion n àigeach m, gen pl àigich
stamen n staimean m, gen staimein, pl staimeanan
stamina n cumail-ris f
stamp n stampa f, pl stampaichean
stamp v tr stamp, vn stampadh m. The postmark is stamped onto the envelope in the town where the letter is posted, thèid an comharradh-postachd a stampadh air a’ chèis anns a’ bhaile san tèid an litir a phostadh
stand v i seas, vn seasamh m
standing n 1 seasamh m, gen seasaimh
2 expressed with a bhith a’ seasamh. No climbing, standing or sitting on the tables in the group, cha cheadaichear a bhith a’ streap air na bùird, a bhith a’ seasamh orra no a’ suidhe orra sa bhuidhinn
standing a seasaimh
standing stone n phr 1 clach f sheasaimh, gen cloich sheasaimh, pl clachan seasaimh
2 tursa m, pl tursachan
standard n 1 bun-tomhas m, gen bun-tomhais, pl bun-tomhasan. Health and safety standards, bun-tomhasan slàinte agus sàbhailteachd. Groups should comply with the following standards, is còir do bhuidhnean a dhèanamh a-rèir nam bun-tomhasan a leanas
2 inbhe f, pl inbhean
3 ìre f, pl ìrean. All equipment should reach high standards of hygiene and cleanliness, is còir don uidheamachd air fad ìre àrd a ruighinn a thaobh slàinteachais agus glàine
standard a 1 bun-tomhasach, comp bun-tomhasaiche. Standard Gaelic, Gàidhlig bhun-tomhasach
2 bun-tomhais
3 coitcheann
4 suidhichte
Standard Grade n phr Ìre Choitcheann. Pupils who are beyond Level E and progressing towards Standard Grade, clann a tha seach Ìre E agus a’ dol air adhart a dh’ionnsaigh na h-Ìre Choitchinn
stanza n 1 (prosody) rann f, gen rainn, pl rannan. See also verse n
2 (psalmody) earrann f, gen earrainn, pl earrannan. Three stanzas from the fourth verse, trì earrannan bhon cheathramh rann
star n 1 reul f, gen rèil, pl reultan
2 rionnag f, gen rionnaig, pl rionnagan
start n 1 toiseach m, gen toisich. From the start of P1, bho thoiseach B1
2 expressed with tòisich, vn tòiseachadh m. Difficulties experienced as a consequence of a later start in Gaelic, duilgheadasan a bhitheas acasan a bha na b’fhaide gun tòiseachadh anns a’ Ghàidhlig. For these pupils reading and writing will usually start later than for fluent speakers of Gaelic, bidh a’ chlann sin nas fhaide gun tòiseachadh air leughadh ’s air sgrìobhadh, anns a’ chumantas, na feadhainn a tha fileanta sa Ghàidhlig
start I v i 1 (move suddenly) briosg, vn briosgadh m, briosgail f
2 tòisich, vn tòiseachadh
II start v tr tòisich air, vn tòiseachadh air. Some may have started to recognise single words, bidh cuid, ’s dòcha, a bhitheas air tòiseachadh air faclan fa leth aithneachadh. The youngest pupils will start to compose their ideas, bidh a’ chlann as òige a’ tòiseachadh air smaointean a chur ri chèile. Pupils starting Gaelic early in the primary school might overtake Level E in P6, dh’fhaodadh clann a thòisich air a’ Ghàidhlig tràth sa bhunsgoil Ìre E a choileanadh ann am B6
starting point n phr 1 àm-tòiseachaidh m, pl amannan-tòiseachaidh. Progress will reflect the various starting points, bidh an t-adhartas a’ comharrachadh nan amannan-tòiseachaidh eadar-dhealaichte
2 expressed with aig fìor thoiseach. The starting point for such a review will be, aig fìor thoiseach an ath-bhreithneachaidh seo bidh
3 expressed with fàs a-mach à, vn fàs a-mach a. Role-play, expressive activities etc. can be starting points for imaginative explorations, faodaidh rannsachaidhean mac-meanmna fàs a-mach à cluich-riochd, cur an cèill agus mar sin
state n 1 (political) stàit f, gen stàite. Secretary of State, Rùnaire na Stàite
2 staid f, gen staide, pl staidean. Change of state from liquid to gas, atharrachadh staide bho lionnach gu gas
statement n 1 ràdh m, pl ràdhan. Show that they can use at least the following terms: argument, statement, conversation, debate, a’ nochdadh gun cuir iad gu feum, air a’ char as lugha, na faclan a leanas: argamaid, ràdh, còmhradh, deasbad. Helping them to go beyond the simple statement, gan cuideachadh gus a dhol thairis air ràdh sìmplidh. Understand questions and statements, ceistean agus ràdhan a thuigsinn. Pupils will make deductions from important statements in the text, bidh a’ chlann a’ tighinn gu co-dhùnaidhean o ràdhan cudthromach anns an teacsa
2 iomradh m, gen iomraidh, pl iomraidhean. Most strands have attached to them statements of minimum competency, an cois na mòrchodach de na h-iallan tha iomraidhean air comasan aig a’ char as lugha
3 aithris f, gen aithrise, pl aithrisean. Policy statement, aithris phoileasaidh. Each group shall adhere to the above statement, leanaidh gach buidheann ris an aithris gu h-àrd
4 (report) aithisg f, gen aithisge, pl aithisgean
5 expressed with na tha air a chur sìos. These statements are intended to be read by teachers, thàtar a’ ciallachadh gun leughar na tha air a chur sìos an-seo le tidsearan. The requirements of pupils with special educational needs are further developed in the statement included in Part 3, thàtar a’ leudachadh air na tha riatanach do chloinn le feuman sònraichte ann am foghlam, anns na tha air a chur sìos ann am Pàirt 3
6 expressed with na thàtar ag ràdh. Attention is drawn to the statement on Assessment and Recording, thàtar a’ toirt aire a dh’ionnsaigh na thàtar ag ràdh mu Measadh agus Clàradh
7 expressed with bi ag aithris. By making statements which show some awareness of the ideas of others, le bhith ag aithris ann an dòigh a tha a’ nochdadh na h-uiread de mhothachadh air smaointean chàich
8 expressed with can v. Teachers should read this section bearing in mind the statement in Part 3, ann a bhith a’ leughadh na h-earrainn seo, bu chòir do luchd-teagaisg cuimhne a chumail air na chanar ann am Pàirt 3
9 not directly expressed. These statements are intended to be neither all-inclusive nor conclusive, chan eilear a’ meas gum bi seo a’ còmhdach nan cùisean uile no a’ tighinn gu co-dhùnadh daingeann mun timcheall
station n 1 ìre f
2 (train) stèisean m, gen stèisein, pl stèiseanan
statistics n staitistig m
status n inbhe f. We believe that no family should be excluded from the group’s activities on the grounds of class, family status or means, tha sinn a’ creidsinn nach bu chòir gum bitheadh teaghlach sam bith air an dùnadh a-mach bho ghnìomhan na buidhne mar thoradh air clas, inbhe theaghlaich, no maoin
status symbol n phr comharradh m inbhe, gen comharraidh inbhe, pl comharraidhean inbhe
steady a 1 daingeann, comp daingeinn, daingne
2 buan. Steady rain, uisge buan
steak n staoig f, gen staoige, pl staoigean
steam n ceò m & f, gen ceò, ceotha. Steam from the kettle, ceò bhon choire
steam mod smùide
steam engine n phr einnsean-smùide m, gen einnsein-smùide, pl einnseanan-smùide
steamboat n bàta-smùid m, pl bàtaichean-smùid
steel n stàilinn f, gen stàilinne
steel wool n phr clòimh f stàilinn
steep a cas, comp caise. The trail involves steep slopes and boggy areas, tha leòidean casa agus boglaichean air an t-slighe
steep v tr bogaich, vn bogachadh m
stem n 1 (a) stoc m, pl stocan. Show that they understand the following terms: root, stem, a’ nochdadh gun tuig iad na faclan a leanas: freumh, stoc
(b) stocan m, gen & pl stocain. A stem of cabbage, stocan càil
2 (of plant) luirg f, pl luirgean
3 (of boat) (a) claigeann m, gen claiginn, pl claignean. We’ll put her stem to the port, cuiridh sinn a claigeann ris a’ phort
(b) (bow) toiseach m, gen toisich, pl toisichean. In the stem of the boat, ann an toiseach a’ bhàta
stem-post n (in boat) claigeann-toisich m, gen claiginn-thoisich, pl claignean-toisich
step n 1 ceum m, pl ceumannan, ceuman
2 steapa m, pl steapaichean
take steps v phr 1 expressed with dèan dad m, vn dèanamh dad. All such steps will be taken after consideration of pupil progress, cha dèanar dad de na dh’ainmicheadh an seo gus an tèid beachdachadh air adhartas na cloinne
2 dèan riatanas m, vn dèanamh riatanais. All reasonable steps must be taken to discourage the spread of infection, feumar gach riatanas reusanta a dhèanamh gus bacadh a chur air gabhaltachd o bhith a’ sgaoileadh
step v tr & i
stepping-stone n sìnteag f, gen sìnteig, pl sìnteagan
stepping-stones n pl also expressed with stair f, gen staire, pl stairean; and stairean m, gen & pl stairein
stepbrother n leas-bhràthair m, gen leas-bhràthar, pl leas-bhràithrean
stepchild n dalta m, pl daltaichean
stepdaughter n 1 leas-nighean m, gen leas-nighinne, pl leas-nigheanan
2 nighean m cèile, gen nighinn cèile, pl nigheanan cèile
3 dalta m (boireann), pl daltaichean (boireann)
step-down v (electricity) ìslich, vn ìsleachadh m
stepfather n 1 leas-athair m, gen leas-athar, pl leas-athraichean
2 oide f, pl oidean
stepmother n 1 leas-mhàthair f, gen leas-mhàthar, pl leas-mhàthraichean
2 muime f, pl muimeachan
stepsister n leas-phiuthar f, gen leas-pheathar, pl leas-pheathraichean
stepson n 1 leas-mhac m, gen & pl leas-mhic
2 mac m cèile, gen & pl mic cèile
3 dalta m, pl daltaichean
step-up v (electricity) àrdaich, vn àrdachadh m
stereotype n lèir-sheiseachadh m, gen lèir-sheiseachaidh, pl lèir-sheiseachaidhean. Materials will be chosen to help children to respect other people by avoiding stereotypes, thèid stuthan a thaghadh gus cuideachadh le cloinn gu bhith a’ toirt urraim do dhaoine eile tro bhith a’ seachnadh lèir-sheiseachaidhean
stereotype v tr dèan lèir-sheiseachadh air, vn dèanamh lèir-sheiseachaidh air
stereotyping n lèir-sheiseachadh m, gen lèir-sheiseachaidh. Studying media representations of males and females will allow discussion of stereotyping and gender roles, bidh cothrom ann, le bhith a’ gabhail ealla ris mar a tha fireann agus boireann gan cur far comhair anns na meadhain, air beachdachadh air lèir-sheiseachadh agus air an àite a tha aig boireann agus fireann
sterile a aimrid. Sterile dressings, ìoc-chòmhdaichean aimrid
stern n deireadh m, gen deiridh, pl deiridhean. In the stern of the boat, ann an deireadh a’ bhàta
stern-post n (in boat) claigeann-deiridh m, gen claiginn-dheiridh, pl claignean-deiridh
sternum n cnàimh m clèibh
Stevenson screen n phr sgrìn f MhicSteaphain
stew n stiubha f
stew v tr stiubhaig, vn stiubhadh m
stewed a air a stiubhadh
steward n stiùbhard m, gen stiùbhaird, pl stiùbhardan
stewardess n ban-stiùbhard f, gen ban-stiùbhaird, pl ban-stiùbhardan
stick n bata m, pl bataichean
stick v tr & i steig, vn steigeadh m
stick up v i phr expressed with seas, vn seasamh m. His hair was sticking up, bha am falt aige na sheasamh air
2 expressed with seas a-mach, vn seasamh a-mach. Note the stones sticking up from the heather at this point, thoir an aire do na clachan nan seasamh a-mach bhon fhraoch anns an àite seo
stuck for a word a phr expressed with èis f facail. She’s not stuck for a word, chan eil èis facail oirre
sticky a steigeach, comp steigiche. Sticky tape, teip steigeach
stiff a rag, comp raige
become stiff v phr ragaich, vn ragachadh m
still adv fhathast. They are still quite distinct, tha iad fhathast gu math eadar-dhealaichte. There will still be a need for the teacher to help pupils with word choice, feumaidh an tidsear fhathast a’ chlann a chuideachadh le taghadh fhaclan
stilt n 1 cas-chorrach f, gen coise-corraich, pl casan-corrach
2 trosdan m, gen trosdain, pl trosdanan
stimulate v tr 1 beothaich, vn beothachadh m. Provide a language environment which stimulates pupils’ imaginations, àrainneachd-chànain a thairgse a bheothaicheas mac-meanmna na cloinne
2 àraich, vn àrach m. To stimulate in all pupils an awareness of the need to acquire Gaelic, gus mothachadh àrach ann an cloinn air cho riatanach ’s a tha e a’ Ghàidhlig a thogail
3 tog, vn togail f. The teacher will stimulate excitement and enthusiasm for writing, togaidh an tidsear beothalachd agus dealas airson an sgrìobhaidh. Pupils will give individual presentations to stimulate interest and command the attention of the audience, bidh a’ chlann gan cur fhèin, mar aon, fa chomhair dhaoine gus ùidh agus aire luchd-amais a thogail agus a chumail
4 brosnaich, vn brosnachadh m. Teachers will value, stimulate and extend pupils’ talk, cuiridh na tidsearan meas air labhairt chloinne, ga brosnachadh agus ga leudachadh
5 thoir brosnachadh do, vn toirt brosnachaidh do. All of these may stimulate thinking, faodaidh gach aon dhiubh sin brosnachadh a thoirt do smaoineachadh
stimulated a air a bhrosnachadh. Pupils learn effectively when they are stimulated, interested and actively involved in the learning process, tha deagh bhuaidh air ionnsachadh na cloinne an uair a tha iad air am brosnachadh, an uair a tha ùidh aca anns na bheil iad a’ dèanamh agus an uair a tha iad an sàs gu dèantanach nan cuid ionnsachaidh
stimulating a 1 beothail. Schools should provide structured and stimulating opportunities to use Gaelic, tha còir aig sgoiltean ullachadh a dhèanamh gus cothrom beothail a thoirt don Ghàidhlig a bhith ga cleachdadh. In best practice today, however, teachers encourage pupils through stimulating contexts, leis na dòighean-teagaisg as fheàrr a tha a’ dol an-diugh, ge-tà, ’s ann a tha tidsearan a’ misneachadh cloinne le suidhichidhean beothail
2 togarrach. Through Drama, stimulating and exciting activities can be created to exercise the imagination, tro Dhràma faodar gnìomhan togarrach agus beothachail a chur air chois gus am mac-meanmna a ghluasad
3 expressed with brosnachaidh. A stimulating means of leading pupils to explore and discuss meaning, meadhan brosnachaidh gus clann a threòrachadh gu bhith a’ rannsachadh brìgh ’s a’ beachdachadh air sin
4 expressed with a chuireas spionnadh an. To develop their imaginative writing by providing stimulating contexts, gus an cuid sgrìobhaidh mhac-meanmnaich a thoirt air adhart le bhith a’ cur shuidhichidhean fan comhair a chuireas spionnadh annta
stimulus n 1 brosnachadh m, gen brosnachaidh, pl brosnachaidhean. Learning contexts should present pupils with interesting tasks and stimuli, tha còir aig suidhichidhean ionnsachaidh gnìomhan agus brosnachaidhean tarraingeach a chur fa chomhair na cloinne
2 expressed with nì , pl nithean. They will respond to an increasing variety of stimuli, bidh iad air an gluasad gu cainnt le caochladh fàsail de sheòrsachan nithean. They will be able to respond to more complex visual stimuli, bidh comas aca freagairt a dhèanamh ri nithean faicsinneach a tha nas ioma-fhillte
3 expressed with fo bhuaidh (nithean). They will respond to visual and other stimuli, bidh iad a’ freagairt fo bhuaidh na chì iad agus nithean eile. They will respond to a variety of stimuli, including visual stimuli, bidh iad a’ freagairt fo bhuaidh chaochladh nithean, nam measg sin nithean a chì iad
4 expressed with gluais, vn gluasad m. Pupils will respond to given stimuli, bidh a’ chlann a’ toirt freagairt mar a ghluaisear iad
sting n (bee) gath m, gen gatha, pl gathan
stink n boladh m, gen bolaidh, pl bolaidhean
stink v tr
stinking a breun, comp breine
stinking thing n phr breunan m, gen & pl breunain
stir v tr cuir troimhe-chèile, vn cur m troimhe-chèile
stirrer n maide-measgachaidh m, pl maidean-measgachaidh
St Kilda pr n Hiort
stock n 1 stoc m, gen & pl stuic. The land currently supports a stock of 200 Cheviot ewes, an ceartuair tha stoc de 200 caora mhaol air an talamh. Shellfish stock, stoc maoraich
2 (livestock) sprèidh f, gen sprèidhe. Some of the buildings will have been used for storage or to hold stock, bhitheadh cuid de na togalaichean air an cleachdadh mar thaighean-stòir neo airson sprèidh a chumail
stock character n phr gnàth-charactar m, gen gnàth-charactair, pl gnàth-charactaran
stock v tr 1 uidheamaich, vn uidheamachadh m. It is essential that libraries are well-stocked, feumaidh leabharlannan a bhith air an deagh uidheamachadh
2 stoc, vn stocadh m. Stocking shelves, a’ stocadh sgeilpichean
stoma (botany) n stoma m, pl stomata
stomach n stamag f, gen stamaig, pl stamagan
stone n clach f, gen cloiche, pl clachan. Small huts of stone and turf were built for the people at the shielings, bha bothain bheaga chloiche agus fhàil air an togail do mhuinntir na h-àirigh
Stone Age n phr Linn f na Cloiche
Stone-Age, stone-age mod phr ann an Linn na Cloiche. Stone-age man, daoine ann an Linn na Cloiche
Stone of Destiny pr n Clach-chrùnaidh f na h-Alba
stone mod cloiche. A stone dyke, gàrradh cloiche. The surviving stone buildings show that this was generally an area of permanent settlement, tha na togalaichean cloiche a tha air mhaireann a’ sealltainn gu robhar a’ tuineachadh an seo sa chumantas fad na bliadhna
stone tumble n phr expressed with clachan f pl air tuiteam. The lack of significant stone tumble suggests the upper walls were formed of turf, seach nach eil mòran chlachan idir air tuiteam de na ballachan bidh e coltach gur ann de dh’fhàl a bha am bràigh aca dèante
stone walled mod phr le balla cloiche. A stone walled round house, taigh cruinn le balla cloiche
stony a clachach
stook n adag f, gen adaig, pl adagan
stop n 1 àite-stad m, pl àitean-stad
2 (ling) connrag f dhùinte
stop v tr cuir stad air, vn cur stad air. Originally these would have been high enough to stop animals from straying, bhitheadh iad seo an toiseach àrd gu leòr airson stad a chur air beathaichean bho bhith a’ dol air seacharan
storage n 1 stòradh m, gen stòraidh
2 expressed with taigh-stòir m, pl taighean-stòir. Some of the buildings will have been used for storage or to hold stock, bhitheadh cuid de na togalaichean air an cleachdadh mar thaighean-stòir neo airson sprèidh a chumail
storage bin n phr biona-stòraidh f, pl bionaichean-stòraidh
storage tank n phr tanca-stòraidh f, pl tancaichean-stòraidh. The storage-tanks do not conform to the regulations, chan eil na tancaichean-stòraidh a’ tighinn a-rèir nan riaghailtean
store n 1 stòr m, gen stòir, pl stòran, stòraichean. Remember to include a cold store for frozen food on your plan, cuimhnich air stòr fuar airson biadh reòta a chur nad phlana
2 (a) àite-stòir m, pl àitean-stòir. There is a small addition to the house, perhaps a store, on the east side, tha pìos beag air a chur ris an taigh, àite-stòir is dòcha, air an taobh an ear
(b) àite-tasgaidh m, pl àitean-tasgaidh
store mod 1 stòir
2 stòraidh
store room n phr rum m stòraidh, gen ruim stòraidh, pl rumannan stòraidh. The entrance to the store room, an doras chun an ruim stòraidh
store v tr 1 stòr, vn stòradh m. Capturing, storing, gaining access to, changing and interpreting information, a’ glacadh, a’ stòradh, a’ lorg, ag atharrachadh agus a’ breithneachadh fiosrachaidh. All toxic substances must at all times be stored in their original containers, feumar stuthan tocsaineach air fad a stòradh daonnan anns na bocais-stòraidh thùsail aca
2 cùm, vn cumail f. The barn would have been used for storing crops from the schoolmaster’s croft, bhitheadh an sabhal air a chleachdadh airson am bàrr a chumail a thigeadh de chroit a’ mhaighstir-sgoil
stored a air a stòradh. All food must be hygienically prepared and stored, feumaidh am biadh air fad a bhith air ullachadh agus air a stòradh gu slàinteachail
storing n expressed with stòr, vn stòradh m. The microcomputer’s capacity for storing and retrieving data, comas a’ mhion-choimpiutair air dàta a stòradh agus a lorg
storehouse n 1 taigh-stòir m, pl taighean-stòir
2 expressed with stòras m, gen stòrais. This ability will open the door to the rich storehouse of Gaelic culture, fosglaidh an comas seo an doras a dh’ionnsaigh stòrais shaidhbhir dualchas na Gàidhlig
storm n 1 stoirm m & f, gen stoirme, pl stoirmean
2 (Beaufort scale force 11) stoirm f, gen stoirme, pl stoirmean
storm cloud n phr sgòth f stoirme, gen sgòtha stoirme, pl sgòthan stoirme
stormy a stoirmeil. It is stormy today, tha e stoirmeil an diugh
story n 1 stòiridh f, pl stòiridhean. Listen to a simple story, poem or dramatic text, ag èisteachd ri stòiridh, dàn no teacsa dràma a tha sìmplidh. Pupils will regularly listen to good stories, bidh a’ chlann ag èisteachd gu cunbhalach ri deagh stòiridhean. Stories, including re-telling by pupils of stories, stòiridhean, agus clann a bhith ag innse nan aon stòiridhean as ùr. Making use of song and story, a’ cleachdadh stòiridhean agus òrain. In story, pupils should be led to expect, anns an stòiridh, bu chòir a’ chlann a threòrachadh gu bhith a’ sùileachadh
2 sgeul m & f, gen & pl sgeòil. The teacher should also take this as a teaching opportunity by re-telling the story in Gaelic, bu chòir don tidsear cothrom-ionnsachaidh a dhèanamh dheth le bhith ag innse an sgeòil as ùr anns a’ Ghàidhlig
3 sgeulachd f. Thereafter, as a new story is begun, as a dhèidh sin, an uair a bhithear a’ tòiseachadh air sgeulachd ùir. The first paragraph of a ghost story, a’ chiad pharagraf de sgeulachd mu thaibhsean. Stories, songs and legends, sgeulachdan, òrain is uirsgeulan
story mod 1 stòiridh. Story tapes, teipichean-stòiridh. Basic story ideas, bun-bheachdan sìmplidh stòiridh
2 le stòiridhean. Some pupils will be familiar with story-books, bidh cuid de chloinn eòlach air leabhraichean le stòiridhean. Teachers should provide a wide range of picture, story and informational texts, tha còir aig tidsearan teacsaichean de iomadh seòrsa, le dealbhan is stòiridhean is fiosrachadh, a thoirt don chloinn
story-book, storybook n 1 leabhar m stòiridh, pl leabhraichean stòiridh. Perhaps based on the reading programme or storybook, ’s dòcha suidhichte air a’ phrògram leughaidh no air leabhar stòiridh
2 leabhar m le stòiridhean, pl leabhraichean le stòiridhean. Some pupils will be familiar with story-books, bidh cuid de chloinn eòlach air leabhraichean le stòiridhean
story-making n expressed with dèan stòiridhean, vn dèanamh m stòiridhean. This can be aided by the provision of printed words for story-making, faodar cuideachadh le seo le bhith a’ toirt dhaibh fhaclan ann an clò airson a bhith a’ dèanamh stòiridhean leotha
story-telling n expressed with innis stòiridhean, vn innse f stòiridhean. Eg. story-telling to younger pupils, m.e. ag innse stòiridhean do chloinn nas òige
storyteller n sgeulaiche m, pl sgeulaichean
storyboarding n bòrd-stòiridh m, gen bùird-stòiridh
stout a 1 tiugh, comp tighe. She has grown stout, tha i air fàs tiugh
2 làidir. It is essential that stout footwear be worn, tha e riatanach gum bi caisbheart làidir ga caitheamh
straight a dìreach, comp dìriche
straight line n phr loidhne f dhìreach, gen loidhne dìrich, pl loidhneachan dìreach
straight-line graph n phr graf m loidhne-dhìreach, gen grafa loidhne-dhìreach, pl grafaichean loidhne-dhìreach
straightedge n oir-dhìreach f, gen oire-dìrich, pl oirean-dìreach
straightforward a 1 furasta. Listening to a short, straightforward text, ag èisteachd ri teacsa goirid furasta. texts which contain items of straightforward information, teacsaichean anns a bheil grunn phìosan de dh’fhiosrachadh furasta
2 sìmplidh. Talk to convey a short, straightforward item of information, a’ labhairt gus pìos goirid sìmplidh de dh’fhiosrachadh a lìobhraigeadh. Teachers should provide straightforward fiction, tha còir aig tidsearan ficsean sìmplidh fhaotainn daibh
3 expressed with ann an dòigh shìmplidh. Informational texts make straightforward use of facts, tha teacsaichean fiosrachaidh a’ cleachdadh eòlais ann an dòigh shìmplidh
4 as cumanta. The teacher should invite recall of straightforward features of the text, tha còir aig an tidsear iarraidh orra cuimhneachadh air na nithean as cumanta mu dheidhinn an teacsa
strain n strèan f
strainer n sìoltachan m, gen & pl sìoltachainstrait n caolas m, gen & pl caolais
strand n iall f, gen èille, dat èill, pl iallan. A strand is a sequence of targets in a key aspect of skills, ’s e a tha ann an ‘iall’ ach sreath de chuimsean ann an earrainn chudthromaich air choireigin de sgilean. in the strand, anns an èill. Each one with a number of strands or aspects of learning, gach aon le àireamh iallan no meuran ionnsachaidh. Most strands have attached to them statements of minimum competency, an cois na mòrchodach de na h-iallan tha iomraidhean air comasan aig a’ char as lugha. Targets relating to the levels run across the page, arranged in strands, tha cuimsean a rèir nan ìrean a’ ruith tarsainn na duilleig, air an cur air dòigh nan iallan
strand mod iallach. A range of purposes and examples related to the strand structure adopted in the Attainment Targets, sreath adhbharan agus eisimpleirean a bhuineas ris a’ chumadh iallach a chuireadh air na Cuimsean Coileanaidh
strap n 1 iall f, gen èille, pl iallan
2 (tawse) strap f, pl strapaichean
strategy n 1 innleachd f, pl innleachdan. This framework should also provide strategies for effective teaching and learning, tha còir aig a’ bheairt seo cuideachd innleachdan airson teagaisg agus ionnsachaidh èifeachdaich a thoirt far comhair. They may analyse reading strategies for evidence of skill or difficulties, faodaidh iad innleachdan leughaidh a gheur-sgrùdadh mar dhearbhadh air sgil no duilgheadasan
2 roi-innleachd f, pl roi-innleachdan
3 sgil m, pl sgilean. Teaching the strategies which will help them to make sense of aspects such as plot is essential, tha e ro-èiseil a bhith a’ teagasg nan sgilean a chuidicheas iad gu bhith a’ tuigsinn nithean mar a tha plota
4 dòigh f, pl dòighean. The teacher will demonstrate different writing strategies, bidh an tidsear a’ taisbeanadh caochladh sheòrsachan de dhòighean-sgrìobhaidh
5 dòigh-iomairt f, pl dòighean-iomairt. Exploring fiction through simulations to generate thinking skills, strategies and problem solving, a’ sgrùdadh ficsein tro shamhlachaidhean gus sgilean smaoineachaidh, dòighean-iomairt agus fuasgladh cheist a thoirt gu bith
strath n srath m, pl srathan
stratocumulus n stratocumulus m
stratocumulus mod stratocumulus. Stratocumulus cloud, sgòth stratocumulus
stratosphere n stratasfear m; strataspeur m
stratus n stratus m
stratus mod 1 stratus. Stratus cloud, sgòth stratus
2 sreathach. Stratus cloud, sgòth shreathach
straw n 1 sràbh m, gen sràibh, pl sràbhan. Drinking straws, sràbhan òil
2 (collective) connlach f, gen connlaich. These are called litter houses because the floor is covered with straw or shavings, canar taighean liteir riutha seo oir tha an làr còmhdaichte le connlach no slisnean fiodha
stray v i rach air seacharan, vn dol air seacharan. Originally these would have been high enough to stop animals from straying, bhitheadh iad seo an toiseach àrd gu leòr airson stad a chur air beathaichean bho bhith a’ dol air seacharan
stream n allt m, gen & pl uillt
stream n (short fordable stream between two lochs, or between a loch and the sea) ùidh f, gen ùidhe, pl ùidhean; aoidh f, gen aoidhe, pl aoidhean
streamlet n 1 alltan m, gen & pl alltain
2 sruthan m, gen & pl sruthain
street n sràid f, gen sràide, pl sràidean
street corner n phr oisean m sràide, gen oisein shràide, pl oiseanan shràidean. At the street corner, aig oisean na sràide.. Which way does she turn at each street corner? dè an taobh a bhitheas i a’ tionndadh aig oisean gach sràide?
street map n mapa m shràid, pl mapaichean shràid. To help us find our way around in towns, we can buy special maps called street maps, airson cuideachadh a thoirt dhuinn a’ faighinn ar rathad timcheall bhailtean, faodaidh sinn mapaichean a dh’aon ghnothaich a cheannach air a bheil mapaichean shràid
street name n phr ainm m sràide, gen ainm shràide, pl ainmean shràid, ainmean shràidean. Put the street names on your map, cuir ainmean nan sràidean air a’ mhapa agad
strength n 1 (a) neart m, gen neirt
(b) expressed with cho neartmhor ’s a tha. Rather, it is the business of media education to appreciate the strengths of Gaelic culture, ’s e a tha fa-near do dh’oideachadh mu na meadhain, tuigse fhaotainn air cho neartmhor ’s a tha dualchas na Gàidhlig
2 treisead m, gen treiseid, pl treiseadan. If there is stress on the first syllable of each line it is not equivalent in strength to the two stresses within the line, ma tha cudthrom air a’ chiad lide de gach sreath chan eil e co-ionann ann an treisead ris an dà chudthrom a tha ann am broinn an t-sreath
3 lùths m, gen lùiths
4 feart m, pl feartan. Teachers are advised to make descriptive notes of the pupil’s strengths and development needs, thàtar a’ comhairleachadh do thidsearan notaichean a dhèanamh le iomradh air na feartan agus air na feumalachdan fàis aig a’ phàiste
strengthen v tr 1 neartaich, vn neartachadh m. A phased approach towards strengthening Gaelic as a living language is required, tha feum air dòigh-obrach a fhreagras air gach ceum gus a’ Ghàidhlig a neartachadh mar chànan beò
2 daingnich, vn daingneachadh m. This change was strengthened by the traditions of the Viking settlers, chaidh an t-atharrachadh seo a dhaingneachadh le traidiseanan an luchd-thuineachaidh Lochlannaich
stress n 1 uallach m, gen uallaich
2 ro-uallach m, gen ro-uallaich. The teacher should make sure the situation is free from stress, tha còir aig an tidsear dèanamh cinnteach gu bheil an suidheachadh saor o ro-uallach. It will be important that the pupil should not be put under stress, bidh e cudthromach nach cuirear ro-uallach air a’ phàiste
3 (grammar, prosody) (a) cudthrom m, gen cudthroim, pl cudthroman. Discussion with teacher will draw attention to stress, pauses, emphases, bheir beachdachadh leis an tidsear aire a dh’ionnsaigh cudthroim, stadan agus seula. Final stress, cudthrom deireannach. Penultimate stress, cudthrom leth-dheireannach. Antepenultimate stress, cudthrom roi-leth-dheireannach. In the chorus and in verse 2 the second stress comes on the penultimate syllable, anns an fhonn agus ann an rann 2 tha an dara cudthrom a’ tighinn air an lide leth-dheireannach. There is rhyme between the syllables having the second stress in the first three phrases and the syllable having the first stress in the fourth phrase, tha comhardadh eadar na lidean air a bheil an dara cudthrom anns a’ chiad trì abairtean agus an lide air a bheil a’ chiad chudthrom anns a’ cheathramh abairt. Pattern of stresses and rhymes, pàtran chudthroman agus chomhardaidhean
(b) beum m, gen beuma, pl beuman, beumannan
lesser stress n phr (grammar, prosody) cudthrom m as lugha, gen cudthroim as lugha, pl cudthroman as lugha. In the first three lines of the verse there are three syllables with lesser stress between each syllable with main stress, anns a’ chiad trì sreathan den rainn tha trì lidean le cudthrom as lugha eadar gach lide le prìomh chudthrom
main stress n phr (grammar, prosody) prìomh chudthrom m, gen prìomh chudthroim, pl prìomh cudthroman. There are two main stresses in each phrase, tha dà phrìomh chudthrom anns gach abairt. The syllables with main stress rhyme with each other, and sometimes with a syllable not having main stress, tha na lidean le prìomh chudthrom a’ dèanamh comhardaidh ri chèile, agus uaireannan ri lide gun phrìomh chudthrom
secondary stress n phr (grammar, prosody) dàrnacha cudthrom m, gen dàrnacha cudthroim, pl dàrnacha cudthroman. If secondary stresses between the main stresses were counted, we should simply have trochaic (or iambic) feet throughout the whole song, nam bite a’ cunntadh dàrnacha cudthroman eadar na prìomh chudthroman, ’s e dìreach troighean tròicèach (no iambach) a bhitheadh againn tron òran air fad
under stress prep phr expressed with ro-uallach air. It will be important that the pupil should not be put under stress, bidh e cudthromach nach cuirear ro-uallach air a’ phàiste
stress v tr cuir cudthrom air, vn cur cudthroim air. Such approaches should stress the richness and diversity of gaelic culture, tha còir aig dòighean den t-seòrsa seo cudthrom a chur air cho saidhbhir agus cho ioma-chruthach ’s a tha dualchas na Gàidhlig. The main effort should be to stress the contemporary nature of Gaelic, tha còir am prìomh àite a thoirt do bhith a’ cur cudthroim air mar a bhuineas a’ ghàidhlig don t-saoghal a th’ann. The importance of meaning should be stressed at all stages, tha còir cudthrom mòr a chur air brìgh aig a h-uile ìre
stressed a 1 le cudthrom. A stressed syllable, lide le cudthrom. The last stressed syllable, an lide mu dheireadh le cudthrom. There are two unstressed syllables between the second stressed syllable in the third phrase and the stressed syllable in the fourth phrase, tha dà lide gun chudthrom eadar an dara lide le cudthrom anns an treas abairt agus an lide le cudthrom anns a’ cheathramh abairt
2 expressed with cudthrom air. The penultimate syllable is stressed, tha cudthrom air an lide leth-dheireannach
stretch n earrann f, gen earrainn, pl earrannan. Small stretches of irregular low stone walls can be seen, chithear earrannan goirid de ghàrraidhean-cloiche ìosal, neo-riaghailteach
stretch v tr 1 sìn, vn sìneadh m. By stretching their abilities towards further targets, le bhith a’ sìneadh nan comasan aca a dh’ionnsaigh an tuilleadh chuimsean
2 ruith, vn ruith f. An extensive settlement of dispersed roundhouses stretches from here across the peninsula to the loch, tha àite-tuineachaidh farsaing de thaighean-cruinne sgapte a’ ruith à seo tarsainn gu ruig an loch
strife n còmhstri f, pl còmhstrithean
strike n (industrial) stailc f, pl stailcean
strike v tr 1 buail, vn bualadh m
2 beum, vn beumadh m
string n 1 sreang f, gen sreanga, sreinge, pl sreangan
2 (musical instrument) teud m, gen teuda, tèid, pl teudan
stringent a teann. Stringent standards, bun-tomhasan teann
strip n stiall f, gen stèille, pl stiallan. Generally crops were grown on long narrow strips of ground called rigs, anns a’ chumantas bha na pòran a’ fàs air stiallan fada caol de thalamh ris an cainte feannagan. pH strip (paper), stiall pH
stroke n buille f, pl buillean, builleannan
strong a làidir. Poems have strong rhymes, tha comhardadh làidir ann an duain. They will retain strong rhythms, bi ruitheam làidir annta fhathast
strophe n stròf f, pl stròfan. This song is in strophic metre, with one strophe in each verse and four phrases in each strophe, ’s e meadrachd stròfach a tha air an òran seo, le aon stròf anns gach rann agus ceithir abairtean anns gach stròf
strophic a stròfach. Strophic metre, meadrachd stròfach
structural a 1 structarach
2 a bhuineas do structar. Such reading will help pupils become familiar with textual and structural features, bidh leughadh den t-seòrsa seo na chuideachadh don chloinn gus eòlas a chur air nithean a bhuineas do theacsaichean agus do structar
structurally a 1 gu structarach
2 expressed with structar m. The oldest rocks in Britain are the structurally complex Lewisian gneiss, ’s iad na creagan as sine ann am Breatainn an gneiss Leòdhasach, aig a bheil structar iom-fhillte
structuralism n structaireachd f
structure n 1 structar m, gen structair, pl structairean. Cell structure, structar cealla. A structure for assessment and recording, structar airson measaidh agus clàraidh. Pupils’ understanding of the nature, structure and conventions of Gaelic, tuigse na cloinne a thaobh nàdar, structar agus modhan na Gàidhlig. Pupils can discuss and appreciate the many varieties of language, and their structures, purposes and effects, faodaidh a’ chlann beachdachadh agus lèirmheas a dhèanamh air gach iomadh seòrsa cànain a tha ann, agus air an cuid structar, adhbhar agus bhuaidhean. They should consider whether the text is accessible in structure, tha còir aca beachdachadh air co-dhiùbh a tha an teacsa so-ruigsinn a thaobh structair
2 cumadh m, gen cumaidh, pl cumaidhean. Punctuation and structure, pungadh agus cumadh. To predict content and structure, gus fàisneachd a dhèanamh air susbaint agus cumadh. The teacher should respond to the content and structure of what is being written, tha còir aig an tidsear barail a thoirt air susbaint agus cumadh na thàtar a’ sgrìobhadh. Through control of sentence structure, tro smachd air cumadh sheantansan. Achieve some variety in sentence structure, ag amas air na h-uiread de sheòrsachan cumaidh air seantansan. Familiarity with their various structures, eòlas air gach seòrsa cumaidh a tha orra. With discussion of structures and effects, maille ri beachdachadh air cumaidhean agus buaidhean
3 dealbhachadh m. Sample structures can be offered, faodar eisimpleirean de dhealbhachadh a thoirt seachad. To help thinking about structure, gus cuideachadh le bhith a’ smaoineachadh air dealbhachadh
4 cruth m. The teacher may at first offer structures for responses, anns a’ chiad dol a-mach faodaidh an tidsear cruth a chur air freagairtean
5 rian m. Punctuation and structure, pungadh agus rian
6 expressed with mar a tha … air cur ri chèile. It is easy for them to discuss content and structure, tha e furasta dhaibh a bhith a’ beachdachadh air na tha ann agus air mar a tha e air a chur ri chèile
7 not directly expressed. The main features of the structure outlined, na nithean as cudthromaiche a tha air an comharrachadh
basic structure n phr bun-structar, m, gen bun-structair, pl bun-structairean. Pupils should learn to recognise some of the basic structures, bu chòir gun aithnicheadh a’ chlann cuid de na bun-structairean
structure v tr 1 cuir rian air, vn cur rian air. The school can best order or structure Gaelic work, ’s e an dòigh as fheàrr don sgoil rian a chur air obair na Gàidhlig. Begin to use paragraphs to structure writing, a’ tòiseachadh air paragrafan a chleachdadh gus rian a chur air sgrìobhadh
2 cuir ri chèile, vn cur ri chèile. How a narrative is structured, mar a tha sgeul air a chur ri chèile. To anticipate how it might be structured, gus beachd a thoirt ro làimh ach ciamar a dh’fhaodadh e bhith air a chur ri chèile
3 dealbhaich, vn dealbhachadh m. They will be required to take upon themselves the task of fleshing out the details of how they will structure and deliver the information, feumaidh iad uallach a ghabhail orra fhèin gus feòil a chur air cnàmhan dealbhachadh agus lìobhraigeadh an fhiosrachaidh
structured a 1 leasaichte. Ensure a structured development of pupils’ learning, leasachadh deasaichte a dhèanamh air ionnsachadh na cloinne
2 òrdaichte. To use talk in structured play, gus còmhradh a chleachdadh ann an cluiche òrdaichte. The range of group activities will now include structured situations, bidh na seòrsachan ghnìomhan a thàtar a’ dèanamh ann am buidhnean a-nis a’ gabhail a-staigh suidhichidhean òrdaichte
3 deasaichte. Structured progression from one stage to the next, adhartas deasaichte o ìre gu ìre. Whether in the form of a structured course or of banks of materials, an dàrna cuid air chumadh cùrsa dheasaichte no bhancaichean de stuthan
4 stèidhichte. The language programme may take the form of a less structured topic-based approach, faodaidh am prògram cànain a bhith ann an riochd modh nach eil buileach cho stèidhichte ach air a shuidheachadh air cuspairean. With a gradual movement from structured to somewhat less structured learning situations, a’ gluasad mean air mhean bho shuidhichidhean-ionnsachaidh stèidhichte gu feadhainn nach eil buileach cho stèidhichte. A structured report might be written of an experiment observed, dh’fhaoidte aithisg stèidhichte a sgrìobhadh mu phrobhadh air an robhas ag amharc
5 air a dheilbh. The school will consider the need for carefully structured programmes of study, gabhaidh an sgoil ealla ris gu bheil feum air prògraman obrach a tha air an deilbh gu faiceallach
6 expressed with ullachadh m. Schools should provide structured and stimulating opportunities to use Gaelic, tha còir aig sgoiltean ullachadh a dhèanamh gus cothrom beòthail a thoirt don Ghàidhlig a bhith ga cleachdadh
7 expressed with cuir òrdugh air, vn cur òrduigh air. Talking will become more structured, bidh barrachd òrduigh ga chur air labhairt
structuring n 1 eagrachadh m, gen eagrachaidh. In learning the skills of sequencing and structuring, ann a bhith a’ togail sgilean leanmhainneachd agus eagrachaidh
2 expressed with a bhith a’ deilbh. The increasing responsibility given to pupils in the structuring and assessment of their own learning, an t-uallach a thàtar a’ cur air cloinn ann a bhith a’ deilbh ’s a’ measadh an cuid ionnsachaidh fhèin a’ dol am meud
stub n 1 bun m, gen buna, pl bunan
2 (of cheque, ticket) sàil f, gen sàl, pl sàilean. Names and addresses of purchasers must be clearly written on each ticket stub, feumaidh ainm agus seòladh an luchd-ceannaich a bhi sgrìobhte gu soilleir air gach sàil tiocaide
stubble n asbhuain f
stud n stud m, pl studaichean. Collar studs, studaichean-cùil
student n oileanach m, gen & pl oileanaich. Any staff member or student who contracts a persistant cough must withdraw from work, ma thogas neach den luchd-obrach no oileanach sam bith casad leanailteach feumaidh i/e tarraing a-mach às a cuid/chuid obrach
study n 1 oideachadh m, gen oideachaidh. Programmes of study, clàran oideachaidh. The aims of study, amasan oideachaidh. In any particular learning activity such as a theme, or topic, or unit study, ann an gnìomh ionnsachaidh àraidh mar tha cuspair, mion-chuspair no aonad oideachaidh. From that vantage point the study of language and culture should radiate outwards, bu choir oideachadh na cànain agus an dualchais lìonsgaradh a-mach on t-suidheachadh bhuannachdail sin
2 (a) beachdachadh m, gen beachdachaidh. The study of genre helps pupils to see how the form and content of distinctive types of texts reflect their underlying purposes, cuidichidh beachdachadh air gnè a’ chlann gu bhith a’ tuigsinn mar tha cruth sheòrsachan àraidh de theacsaichean, agus na bheil annta, a’ comharrachadh nan adhbhar a tha air an cùl. Simile and metaphor will be used in the study of imagery within texts, cleachdar samhla agus meatafor ann am beachdachadh air ìomhaigheachd ann an teacsaichean. Such study might also form a basis for employment in the expanding range of media industries. Dh’fhaodadh a leithid seo de bheachdachadh a bhith na bunait airson dreuchd a ghabhail ann an gnìomhachais nam meadhan, a tha a’ sìor leudachadh
(b) expressed with a bhith a’ beachdachadh. The study of mass media enables pupils to increase their understanding, tha a bhith a’ beachdachadh air na mòr mheadhain a’ toirt comais do chloinn leudachadh air an tuigse
3 stuidearachd f. Programmes of study, prògraman stuidearachd
4 obair f, gen obrach. Themes, topics, projects, or text-based studies, cuspairean no pròiseactan no obair a tha air an suidheachadh air teacsa. Teachers will provide programmes of study, bidh na tidsearan a’ tairgse prògraman obrach
5 rannsachadh m, gen rannsachaidh. Terms and concepts to be used in the analysis and study of texts, briathran agus bun-smuaintean a tha gus an cleachdadh ann am mion-sgrùdadh agus rannsachadh nan teacsaichean
6 (a) sgrùdadh m, gen sgrùdaidh. A feasability study, sgrùdadh dearbhaidh
(b) expressed with a bhith a’ sgrùdadh. To use and develop this existing body of knowledge in the study of issues such as how register operates in language, an t-eòlas seo a tha aca a-cheana a chleachdadh agus a thoirt air adhart ann a bhith a’ sgrùdadh cùisean leithid mar a tha ìre-chànain ag oibreachadh
7 not directly expressed. To enable pupils to continue the study of Gaelic, gus comas a thoirt do chloinn leantainn orra leis a’ Ghàidhlig
study v tr 1 (a) sgrùd, vn sgrùdadh m. The word “text” denotes the unit of language that is being studied, tha am facal “teacsa” a’ ciallachadh an aonaid chànain a thàtar a’ sgrùdadh. Other texts they have studied, teacsaichean eile a tha iad air a sgrùdadh. Television programmes should be studied, bu chòir prògraman telebhisein a sgrùdadh
(b) dèan sgrùdadh air, vn dèanamh sgrùdaidh air. Study the plan carefully, dèan sgrùdadh mionaideach air a’ phlana
2 rannsaich, vn rannsachadh m. It is particularly important to study the effects of the relationship between sound and vision, tha e buileach cudthromach a bhith a’ rannsachadh dè a’ bhuaidh a tha aig an dàimh eadar fuaim is fradharc. Studying the media cannot begin too early, chan urrainn rannsachadh air na meadhain tòiseachadh tuilleadh agus tràth
3 gabh ealla ri, vn gabhail ealla ri. Studying representations of Gaelic culture for discussion and analysis, a’ gabhail ealla ri dòighean-riochdachaidh air dualchas na Gàidhlig gus am beachdachadh ’s an rannsachadh. Studying media representations of males and females will allow discussion of stereotyping and gender roles, bidh cothrom ann, le bhith a’ gabhail ealla ris mar a tha fireann agus boireann gan cur far comhair anns na meadhain, air beachdachadh air lèir-sheiseachadh agus air an àite a tha aig boireann agus fireann
4 (a) beachdaich air, vn beachdachadh air. By studying the drawings you should be able to compare the text with the site on the ground, le bhith a’ beachdachadh air na dealbhan bu chòir gur urrainn dhut coimeas a dhèanamh eadar an teacsa agus an làrach fhèin
(b) gabh beachd air, vn gabhail beachd air. Studying television programmes which appeal to pupils will provide a way of discussing content, ann a bhith a’ gabhail beachd air prògraman telebhisein a thig ri càil chloinne gheibhear dòigh air beachdachadh air na bheil annta
stumble v i 1 tuislich, vn tuisleachadh m
2 thoir cliobadh, vn toirt cliobaidh
stump n stoc m, gen & pl stuic
stunt v tr cuir casg air, vn cur caisg air. It would be wrong for a pupil’s listening development to be stunted, cha bhitheadh e ceart idir casg a chur air fàs pàiste ann an èisteachd
stunted a 1 sgrogach
2 groganach
stupid a baoghalta
stupidity n baoghaltachd f
stye n leamhnagan m, gen & pl leamhnagain
style n 1 stoidhle f, pl stoidhlichean. Describe the simpler aspects of style, a’ toirt iomraidh air na nithean as sìmplidh a bhuineas do stoidhle. Demonstrating some grasp of appropriate style, a’ nochdadh gu bheil na h-uiread de ghreim aca air stoidhle iomchaidh. Employ a fluent, legible style of handwriting, a’ cleachdadh stoidhle làmh-sgrìobhaidh a tha siùbhlach agus furasta a leughadh. Poetry will encompass a wider range of styles, bidh bàrdachd a’ cuartachadh barrachd sheòrsachan stoidhle. They should be introduced to a variety of authors and styles, tha còir an cur an aithne caochladh ùghdairean agus stoidhlichean
2 dòigh f, pl dòighean. Ensure that pupils encounter a range of teaching styles and classroom organisations, dèanamh cinnteach gum fiosraich a’ chlann caochladh dhòighean teagaisg agus dhòighean rianachd anns an rùm-theagaisg. Helps pupils to extend their repertoire of presentational styles, gus a’ chlann a chuideachadh gus leudachadh air na dòighean a tha aca air iad fhèin a chur an cèill
3 modh m, pl modhan. In selection of content and style of presentation, ann an taghadh susbaint agus ann am modh taisbeanaidh. Pupils will be given familiarity with structures and styles of language, gheibh a’ chlann eòlas air structairean agus modhan cànain
4 seòrsa m, pl seòrsachan. More rectangular structures were being built, and these became the preferred style of house, bha structaran eile na bu cheart-cheàrnaiche gan togail, agus thànaig iad seo gu bhith nan seòrsa taighe a bu roghnaiche le daoine
stylistic a 1 stoidhle. Pupils will explore through wide reading a variety of models of stylistic techniques, bidh a’ chlann a’ rannsachadh tro leughadh farsaing caochladh eisimpleirean de dhòighean stoighle
2 a bhuineas do stoidhle. Pupils are expected to show awareness of technique through skilled deployment of appropriate stylistic devices, thàtar a’ sùileachadh gum bi a’ chlann a’ nochdadh mothachaidh air modh-cànain anns a bheil cleachdadh sgileil air nithean iomchaidh a bhuineas do stoidhle
sub-clause n fo-chlàs m, pl fo-chlàsan
subdivide v tr 1 fo-roinn, vn fo-roinn f
2 cuir ann an earrainnean, vn cur ann an earrainnean. Prose can be subdivided into fiction and non-fiction, faodar rosg a chur ann an earrainnean mar tha ficsean agus fìorsgeul
subdivision n fo-roinn f, gen fo-roinne, pl fo-roinnean
subduction n dol-fodha m
subduction zone n phr sòn m dol-fodha, pl sònan dol-fodha
subgroup n fo-bhuidheann m, gen fo-bhuidhinn, pl fo-bhuidhnean
sub-heading n 1 fo-cheann m, gen & pl fo-chinn
2 fo-thiotal m, gen fo-thiotail, pl fo-thiotalan
subject n 1 (grammar) (a) suibseig f, pl suibseigean. Subject and complement, suibseig is coileanadh
(b) cùisear m, gen cùiseir, pl cùisearan
2 cuspair m, pl cuspairean. As aspects of a subject, mar nithean a bhuineas do chuspair. To converse on a range of school subjects, còmhradh a dhèanamh air sreath chuspairean sgoile
subject matter n phr cuspair m. Texts with a range of subject matter, teacsaichean air caochladh sheòrsachan cuspair
subject a
subject to prep phr fo smachd. The chemicals are subject to health regulations, tha na ceimigean fo smachd riaghailtean slàinte
subjective a (grammar) suibseigeach
subjunctive n fo-leantach m, gen fo-leantaich
subjunctive a fo-leantach. In the subjunctive mood, sa mhodh fho-leantach
submarine n 1 bàt-aigeil m, pl bàtaichean-aigeil
2 bàta-tumaidh m, pl bàtaichean-tumaidh
submerge v tr 1 cuir fodha, vn cur fodha
2 tum, vn tumadh m
submerged a fo uisge. A submerged reef, bogha fo uisge, sgeir fo uisge. Ensure that the pH strip is submerged in the water, dèan cinnteach gum bheil an stiall pH na laighe fon uisge
subordinate a fo-inbheach, comp fo-inbhiche. Subordinate clause, clàs fo-inbheach
subordinate to prep phr expressed with thoir bàrr. vn toirt barra, with indirect object of English clause as subject of Gaelic clause. Explicit teaching will address the needs of pupils but will be subordinate to actual writing activities, faodaidh teagasg follaiseach coinneachadh ri feuman na cloinne, ach bheir gnìomhan sgrìobhaidh fhèin bàrr air teagasg
subsequent a 1 expressed with a tha a’ leantainn. Subsequent sections of the report offer …, tha earrainnean a tha a’ leantainn den aithisg a’ tairgse …
2 expressed with a leanas. On subsequent pages, anns na duilleagan a leanas. Throughout this account of the targets and the subsequent account of Programmes of Study, air feadh a’ chunntais seo air na cuimsean agus a’ chunntais a leanas air Clàran Oideachaidh
3 expressed with mar thoradh air sin. Pupil self- and peer-evaluation will include consideration of the success with which information transfer, and subsequent action, took place, bidh a’ chlann a’ breithneachadh orra fhèin ’s air an co-aoisean agus a’ toirt fa-near dè cho math ’s a chaidh fiosrachadh a lìobhraigeadh agus dè mar a thachair mar thoradh air sin
subsequently adv as a dhèidh sin. Where a feature identified earlier in a target does not appear subsequently in the strand, far a bheil rud air choireigin a chomharraicheadh na bu thràithe ann an cuimse a’ sgur a nochdadh as a dhèidh sin anns an èill
subside v i traogh, vn traoghadh m
subsidence n fo-thuiteam m, gen fo-thuiteim
subsidiary a expressed with fo-. Subsidiary cone, fo-chòn. Identify subsidiary ideas, a’ comharrachadh fo-smuaintean. To locate subsidiary ideas, gus lorg fhaighinn air fo-bheachdan
subsistence n
subsistence mod neo-mhalairteach
subsistence farming n phr tuathanachas m neo-mhalairteach, gen tuathanachais neo-mhalairtich
• tuathanachas m bith-beò, gen tuathanachais bhith-beò
subsoil n fo-ùir f, gen fo-ùire, pl fo-ùirean. Topsoil and subsoil, ùir-uachdair agus fo-ùir
substance n 1 brìgh f
2 stuth m, pl stuthan. Toxic substances, stuthan tocsaineach. Investigation of a substance washed ashore that has caused a number of people to become ill, rannsachadh air stuth a thàinig air tìr agus a dh’fhàg grunn dhaoine gu tinn
3 susbaint f
substantial a 1 susbainteach, comp susbaintiche. Here can be seen the remains of a substantial rectangular building, chithear an seo an tobhta aig togalach susbainteach ceart-cheàrnach
2 cudthromach, comp cudthromaiche. The building must have belonged to a substantial tenant such as a tacksman, feumaidh gum buineadh an togalach do theanant chudthromach leithid fear-taca
3 brìghmhor, comp brìghmhoire
4 expressed with math. Only when a substantial body of work has been completed, dìreach an uair a tha cnap math obrach air a chrìochnachadh
5 expressed with tomhas m mòr. They are in need of substantial upgrading, tha iad feumach air tomhas mòr de chur am feabhas
substantive n susbainteach m, gen & pl susbaintich
substantive a susbainteach. Substantive verb, gnìomhair susbainteach
substitute n 1 neach-ionaid m, pl luch-ionaid
2 stuth-ionaid m
substitute v tr cuir an àite, vn cur an àite
sub-title n fo-thiotal m, gen fo-thiotail, pl fo-thiotalan
sub-total n fo-iomlan m, gen & pl fo-iomlain
subtract v tr thoir air falbh, vn toirt air falbh
subtraction n toirt f air falbh
subtropical a fo-thropaigeach, comp fo-thropaigich
subtropics n fo-thropaig f; fo-thropaigean
sub-unit n 1 fo-aonad m, gen fo-aonaid, pl fo-aonadan
2 fo-phàirt m, pl fo-phàirtean
suburb n iomall-baile m, gen & pl iomaill-bhaile
outer suburbs n phr iomall m a-muigh (baile), gen iomaill a-muigh (baile)
subway n fo-rathad m, gen fo-rathaid, pl fo-ròidean. Subway entrance, inntrigeadh fo-rathaid
succeed v tr & i faigh buaidh, vn faighinn buaidhe. He succeeded at the work, fhuair e buaidh aig an obair. She succeeded in her objectives, fhuair i buaidh anns na chuir i roimhpe
success n 1 buaidh f, gen buaidhe, pl buaidhean
2 (a) soirbheachadh m, gen soirbheachaidh. Reporting on success and progress, a’ toirt iomraidh air soirbheachadh agus air piseach. They allow the teacher to share with pupils expectations and criteria for success and assessment, tha iad a’ toirt cothroim don tidsear a bhith a’ co-phàirteachadh ris a’ chloinn na thàtar a’ sùileachadh bhuapa agus na comharraidhean a tha ann air soirbheachadh agus air measadh
(b) expressed with soirbhich le, vn soirbheachadh le. How aspects of delivery can affect the success of talk, mar a dh’fhaodas buaidh a bhith aig lìobhraigeadh air mar a shoirbhicheas le labhairt
3 èifeachd f. This assists them in measuring its success, tha seo na chuideachadh dhaibh gus tomhas a dhèanamh air a h-èifeachd
4 expressed with cho math. Pupil self- and peer-evaluation will include consideration of the success with which information transfer took place, bidh a’ chlann a’ breithneachadh orra fhèin ’s air an co-aoisean agus a’ toirt fa-near dè cho math ’s a chaidh fiosrachadh a lìobhraigeadh
successful a 1 (a) soirbheachail. Co-operation between class teachers, learning support staff and specialist teachers will be essential to enable successful learning, bidh co-oibreachadh eadar tidsearan-clas, tidsearan-taice agus tidsearan speisealtach fìor èiseil gus ionnsachadh soirbheachail a thoirt gu buil
(b) expressed with soirbhich, vn soirbheachadh m. The Gaelic school is very successful, tha an sgoil Ghàidhlig a’ soirbheachadh gu mòr
2 expressed with ruig, vn ruigsinn. The successful attainment of these targets will result in the following outcomes, ma ruigear na cuimsean coileanaidh seo thig na builean a leanas gu ìre
successfully adv 1 gu soirbheachail
2 expressed with rach aig. There will be pupils in P6 who will be successfully undertaking tasks that appear at Level E, bidh clann ann am B6 agus thèid aca air obair a dhèanamh a tha a’ nochdadh aig Ìre E. Assignments that they can successfully undertake as homework, gnìomhan a thèid aca air a ghabhail os làimh aig an dachaigh. The pre-school recognises that many different types of family successfully love and care for children, tha an ro-sgoil a’ toirt fa-near gun tèid aig iomadh seòrsa eadar-dhealaichte de theaghlaichean air gaol agus cùram a thoirt do chloinn
succession n expressed with de chaochladh aoisean ri taobh a chèile. In some places a succession of enclosure walls can be seen, chithear ann an àiteachan gàrraidhean-iadhaidh de chaochladh aoisean ri taobh a chèile
succinct a goirid. Pupils will give a succinct, coherent account of their experience of texts, bidh a’ chlann a’ toirt iomraidh ghoirid, dhòigheil, phongail air an cuid fiosrachaidh air teacsaichean
succinctly adv ann an dòigh ghoirid, sgiobalta. Pupils will be encouraged to produce a variety of different kinds of writing and to write succinctly, misnichear a’ chlann gus caochladh sheòrsachan sgrìobhaidh a thoirt gu buil agus gu bhith a’ sgrìobhadh ann an dòigh ghoirid, sgiobalta
such a 1 expressed with den t-seòrsa seo or den t-seòrsa sin. Such developments, leasachaidhean den t-seòrsa seo. But such decisions will be influenced by the needs of the class and individuals within it, ach faodaidh feuman a’ chlas agus feuman na cloinne fa leth anns a’ chlas nithean den t-seòrsa sin a chur an dara taobh
2 a leithid sin de or an leithidean sin de. Against such a socio-economic background, ann an leithid sin de shuidheachadh sluagh-eacanomaigeach. From such approaches, schools will create appropriate contexts for learning, is ann às a leithid sin de dhòighean obrach a chruthaicheas sgoiltean suidhichidhean freagarrach foghlaim. The need for such resources is already widely accepted, thàtar a’ gabhail ris cheana anns an fharsaingeachd gu bheil feum air an leithidean sin de ghoireasan
3 an leithid seo de. Such texts should be short, tha còir aig an leithid seo de theacsaichean a bhith goirid. Examining the variety of openings to such texts is particularly valuable, tha e buileach feumail a bhith a’ sgrùdadh gach iomadh seòrsa dhòighean anns a bheil an leithid seo de theacsaichean a’ tòiseachadh. In such programmes and contexts, anns an leithid seo de phrògraman agus de shuidhichidhean. Through exposure to a wider variety of such forms, mar thoradh air eòlas fhaotainn air barrachd sheòrsachan den leithid seo de mhodhan
4 sin. Within the contexts of such activities, taobh a-staigh suidhichidhean nan gnìomhan sin
5 seo. By following such a model, le bhith a’ leantainn na h-eisimpleir seo
6 de na dh’ainmicheadh an seo. All such steps will be taken after consideration of pupil progress, cha dèanar dad de na dh’ainmicheadh an seo gus an tèid beachdachadh air adhartas na cloinne
in such a way adv phr ann a leithid de (a) dhòigh ’s. They have been clarified in such a way as to enable pupils’ language ability to be progressively extended, rinneadh soilleireachadh orra ann a leithid de dhòigh ’s gum faodar comas-cànain na cloinne a leudachadh mean air mhean. The long lines form two halves in such a way that there are five or six syllables in each half line, tha na sreathan fada a’ dèanamh dà leth air a leithid a dhòigh is gu bheil còig no sia a lidean anns gach leth-shreath
such as conj phr 1 mar tha. Curricular dimensions such as information technology, cùisean a’ chlàir-theagaisg mar tha teicneolas fiosrachaidh. Pupils should be introduced to matters such as gaelic music, bu chòir a’ chlann a chur an aithne nithean mar tha ceòl na Gàidhlig. Some of the basic structures of such functional texts as interviews, cuid de na bun-structairean aig teacsaichean gnìomhachail mar tha agallamhan
2 mar. In contexts such as in-service activities, ann an suidhichidhean mar ghnìomhan in-sheirbheis
3 leithid. In fiction, there are genres such as romances, horror, ann am ficsean tha iomadh gnè, leithid ramasan, uabhas. To compose and communicate their ideas by means such as talking and drawing, smaointean a chur an cèill tro mheadhanan leithid labhairt agus tarraing dhealbh. To use and develop this existing body of knowledge in the study of issues such as how register operates in language, an t-eòlas seo a tha aca a-cheana a chleachdadh agus a thoirt air adhart ann a bhith a’ sgrùdadh cùisean leithid mar a tha ìre-chànain ag oibreachadh
4 an leithid de. The purpose of assessment tasks such as these is to obtain information, ’s e as adhbhar do an leithid seo de ghnìomhan measaidh a bhith a’ faotainn fiosrachaidh
5 expressed with den t-seòrsa. Use of procedures such as these may identify the need for additional support, faodaidh cleachdaidhean den t-seòrsa seo a chomharrachadh gu bheilear a’ cur feum air taice a bharrachd
such that conj phr gu. To develop skills in Gaelic such that pupils will show confidence, fàs a thoirt air sgilean ann an Gàidhlig gum bi a’ chlann a’ nochdadh misnich
suck v tr deoc, vn deocadh m
sucker n 1 (botany) faillean m, gen faillein, pl failleanan
2 (botany) bailleag f, gen bailleig, pl bailleagan
3 (zoology) sùighear m, gen sùigheir, pl sùighearan
suction n sùghadh m, gen sùghaidh
sudden a aithghearr, comp aithghearra, aithghiorra. A sudden death, bàs aithghearr
suddenly adv 1 gu h-obann
2 a dh’aithghearr
3 a chlisg
sue v tr thoir gu lagh, vn toirt gu lagh. The family are getting legal aid to sue the government, tha an teaghlach a’ faighinn taic laghail airson an riaghaltas a thoirt gu lagh
suffer v tr 1 fuiling, vn fulang m
2 expressed with faigh, vn faighinn f. This area suffered extensive scouring from erosion by glaciers, fhuair an t-àite seo mòran sgùraidh bho bhith air a bhleith le eigh-shruthan
suffer from v phr 1 fuiling o, vn fulang o
2 expressed with cuir air, vn cur air. Each child’s record sheet must contain information on any medical condition or allergies that the child suffers from, feumaidh fios a bhith air bileig-chlàraidh gach neach-chloinne a thaobh gnothaich mheidigich sam bith no aileirgidhean a tha a’ cur air an neach-chloinne
suffice v i foghain, vn fòghnadh m. The following formula will suffice for this song as well as for the other, fòghnaidh an fhoirmle a leanas don òran seo cho math ri don fhear eile
sufficient a expressed with gu leòr. Once a sufficient number of texts has been read to them, aon uair ’s gu bheil gu leòr de theacsaichean air an leughadh dhaibh. Hygiene measures adopted should be sufficient to prevent the spread of HIV, bu chòir gum bitheadh na dòighean-obrach slàinteachais a thèid a chur an gnìomh gu leòr gus casg a chur air HIV o bhith a’ sgaoileadh
suffix n iar-leasachan m, gen & pl iar-leasachain. Prefix and suffix will be used in discussion which centres on individual words, cleachdar ro-leasachan agus iar-leasachan ann am beachdachadh air faclan fa leth. In this dialect very often the masculine diminutive suffix does not change in the genitive case, anns an dualchainnt seo glè thric cha bhi iar-leasachan a’ mheanbhain fhireann ag atharrachadh anns an tuiseal ghinideach ann
sugar n siùcar m, gen siùcair, pl siùcaran
suggest v tr 1 (a) thoir mun aire, vn toirt mun aire. Along the lines suggested, a-rèir ’s mar a thàtar gan toirt mun aire. In order to achieve the kind of breadth and balance suggested, gus ruighinn air an t-seòrsa farsaingeachd agus co-chòrdaidh a thàtar a’ toirt mun aire
(b) cuir mun aire, vn cur mun aire. It is suggested that such a profile might be updated at the end of blocks of teaching. thàtar a’ cur mun aire gum faodaiste cur ri a leithid seo de theisteanas aig deireadh earrainnean teagaisg
2 mol, vn moladh m. Part 3 suggests a degree of self and peer assessment for all pupils, tha Pàirt 3 a’ moladh na h-uiread de dh’fhèin-measadh agus de mheasadh cho-aoisean don chloinn air fad
3 tog, vn togail f. The Education Department suggested a minimum time allocation in the primary school of 15% for language, thog Roinn an Fhoghlaim gum biodh 15% na chuibhrinn iomchaidh do chànain anns a’ bhunsgoil. They suggest only a few of the available options, chan eil iad a’ togail ach àireamh bheag de na roghainnean a tha ri am faotainn
4 (a) expressed with faigh an, vn faighinn an. The purpose will suggest the criteria against which the content of the talking or writing might be assessed, gheibhte anns an adhbhar na comharraidhean gus measadh a dhèanamh air susbaint na labhairt no an sgrìobhaidh
(b) faigh ròs air, vn faighinn ròs air. Involving them in discussion to suggest resolutions, gan cur an sàs ann am beachdachadh gus ròs fhaighinn air dòighean-fuasglaidh
5 (a) thoir beachd air, vn toirt beachd air. The teacher should ask the pupils to suggest which it is, bu chòir don tidsear iarraidh air a’ chloinn beachd a thoirt air dè an seòrsa a tha ann
(b) expressed with faigh beachd air, vn faighinn beachd air. How a character is suggested, mar a gheibhear beachd air pearsa
9 expressed with faod v aux plus seall, vn sealltainn m. There are traces of another ring of stones suggesting the wall may have been rebuilt, chithear an seo lorg air cearcall eile de chlachan, rud a dh’fhaodadh sealltainn gun deach am balla ath-thogail
10 (a) expressed with bhuaidhe seo bidh e coltach. Stone heaps scattered within the enclosure suggest this had never been cultivated in a rig system, chithear sgapte air feadh an àite-iadhaidh seo cùirn de chalchan, agus bhuaidhe seo bidh e coltach nach deach àiteach fo shiostam nam feannagan
(b) expressed with mar sin bidh e coltach. Iron slag has been found in the ground here suggesting iron working took place in earlier times, chaidh sal-iarainn a lorg san talamh an seo, agus mar sin bidh e coltach gu robh obair-iarainn a’ dol air adhart an seo uaireigin roimhe. The lack of gables suggests the upper walls were formed of turf, chan eil tulachainnean air agus mar sin bidh e coltach gur ann de dh’fhàl a bha bràigh nam ballachan dèante
11 not directly expressed. Seeking clues that suggest it is fact or fiction, a’ sireadh chomharraidhean gur e fìorsgeul no ficsean a tha ann
suggestion n 1 moladh m, gen molaidh, pl molaidhean. According to this evidence his suggestion is therefore reasonable, a-rèir na fianaise seo tha am moladh aige mar sin reusanta
2 expressed with thoir mun aire. The suggestions in this section will inform, bidh buaidh aig na thàtar a’ toirt mun aire anns an earrainn seo
3 expressed with cuir air adhart beachd. Group tasks provide the setting within which pupils can make suggestions, is ann à iomairt-bhuidhne a thig an suidheachadh anns am faod a’ chlann beachdan a chur air adhart
suit v tr 1 freagair air, vn freagairt air. Real models of effective Gaelic whose features they can explore, imitate or adapt to suit their needs, eisimpleirean dligheach de Ghàidhlig dhòigheil a dh’fhaodas iad a rannsachadh no atharrais orra no atharrachadh mar as fheàrr a fhreagras orra fhèin
2 thig ri, vn tighinn ri. Contexts which will suit the needs of individual pupils, suidhichidhean a bhitheas a’ tighinn ri feuman chloinne fa leth
suited a freagarrach. They should consider whether the text is best suited to be read unaided, tha còir aca beachdachadh air co-dhiùbh a tha an teacsa nas freagarraiche airson a leughadh gun taice
suitability n freagarrachd f. Their suitability for assessment purposes will vary according to the year stage at which they are used, bidh am freagarrachd mar adhbhair measaidh a rèir ’s dè a’ bhliadhna anns am bithear gan cleachdadh
suitable a 1 freagarrach, comp freagarraiche. It will continue to be suitable, bidh e fhathast freagarrach. The gaining of meaning from a suitable text, a bhith a’ togail brìgh à teacsa freagarrach
2 iomchaidh. We only got a fragment of this song, but for the sake of completeness we thought it suitable to include it here, cha d’fhuair sinn ach fuigheall den òran seo, ach air sgàth na h-iomlanachd mheas sinn iomchaidh a chur am measg a’ chorra an seo
suitable for prep phr a tha a’ freagairt air. Vocabulary suitable for different audiences, briathrachas a tha a’ freagairt air caochladh luchd-amais
sullen n busach, comp busaiche
sulphate n sulfait f. Aluminium sulphate, sulfait alùmanaim. Ferrous sulphate, sulfait iarnail
sulphide n suilfid f
sulphite n suilfit f
sulphur n 1 sulfar m, gen sulfair.
2 pronnasg m, gen pronnaisg
sulphuric a sulfarach, comp sulfaraich
sulphurous a sulfurail
sultriness n bruthainn f
sultry a bruthainneach, comp bruthainnich
sum n suim f, gen suime, pl suimeannan
sum v tr
sum up v phr thoir gearr-chunntas air, vn toirt gearr-chunntais air. This may be summed up with the following formula, dh’fhaoidte geàrr-chunntas a thoirt air an seo leis an fhoirmle a leanas
summing-up mod geàrr-chunntais. They will learn to use topic and summing-up sentences, ionnsaichidh iad seantansan cuspair agus seantansan geàrr-chunntais a chleachdadh
summarise v tr 1 dèan geàrr-iomradh air, vn dèanamh geàrr-iomraidh air. In order to summarise and develop what is said, gus geàrr-iomradh a dhèanamh air na chaidh a ràdh agus sin a thoirt air adhart. Pupils will summarise and develop what is said, bidh a’ chlann a’ dèanamh geàrr-iomraidh air na theirear agus ga thoirt air adhart
2 thoir geàrr-chunntas air, vn toirt geàrr-chunntais air
summary n 1 geàrr-iomradh m, gen geàrr-iomraidh, pl geàrr-iomraidhean. Each provides a summary, chan eil againn a seo ach geàrr-iomradh
2 geàrr-chunntas m, gen geàrr-chunntais, pl geàrr-chunntasan. Each account of an issue provides a summary of concerns and approaches, tha gach cunntas air cùis a’ toirt geàrr-chunntais air na nithean cudthromach agus na dòighean. The ideas of introduction and summary, bun-bheachdan ro-ràdha agus geàrr-chunntais
summer n samhradh m, gen samhraidh, pl samhraidhean
summer mod 1 samhraidh
2 san t-samhradh. To protect the crops and to preserve the grazing the animals were moved to summer pastures, gus am bàrr a dhìon agus gus an talamh-ionaltraidh a ghlèidheadh bha na beathaichean air an gluasad gu àirighean san t-samhradh
summer holidays n phr saor-làithean m pl samhraidh. How did the children spend their last summer holidays? ciamar a chuir a’ chlann seachad saor-làithean an t-samhraidh mu dheireadh?
summit n mullach m, gen & pl mullaich
summons n
summons of removal n phr bàirlinn f
sun n grian f, gen grèine
sunbathe v i blian, vn blianadh
sunbathing n blianadh m, gen blianaidh
sunny n grianach, comp grianaich. It is sunny today, tha e grianach an diugh
sunny interval n phr 1 boillsgeadh m grèine, gen boillsgidh ghrèine, pl boillsgidhean grèine
2 greis f ghrèine, gen greise grèine, pl greisean grèine
sunshade n sgàilean-grèine m, gen sgàilein-ghrèine, pl sgàileanan-grèine
sunshine n 1 grian f, gen grèine. We were sitting in the sunshine, bha sin nar suidhe sa ghrèin
2 deàrrsadh m grèine, gen deàrrsaidh ghrèine
sunshine recorder n phr clàradair m grèine, gen clàradair ghrèine, pl clàradairean grèine
• inneal-clàraidh f grèine, gen inneil-chlàraidh ghrèine, pl innealan-clàraidh grèine
superb a greadhnach
superfluous a thar-a’-chòir, thar-a-chòrr
superiority n ceannas m, gen ceannais
superlative a 1 feabhasach, comp feabhasaich
2 barraichte
superlative degree n phr (grammar) ìre f fheabhasach, gen ìre feabhasaich
supermarket n 1 supermarcait f, pl supermarcaitean. How often do you shop in a supermarket? dè cho tric ’s a bhitheas tu a’ ceannach san t-supermarcait?
2 mòr-bhùth f, pl mòr-bhùthan
supernatural a os-nàdarra
supersonic a 1 thar astar fuaim
2 for-shonach, for-shonaigeach
superstition n 1 saobh-chràbhadh m, gen saobh-chràbhaidh
2 gèilleadh m, gen gèillidh, pl gèillidhean
superstitious a saobh-chràbhach. Superstitious practices, cleachdaidhean saobh-chràbhach
supervise v tr 1 cùm sùil air, vn cumail sùla air. All outdoor play must be supervised, feumar sùil a chumail air a’ chluich a-muigh air fad. Children using climbing frames must be closely supervised, feumar sùil mhionaideach a chumail air cloinn a tha a’ cleachdadh fhreamaichean-streap
2 expressed with fo stiùireadh. It is important that their use is supervised, tha e cudthromach gum bithear gan cleachdadh fo stiùireadh
supervision n expressed with 1 stiùireadh m, gen stiùiridh
2 sùil f fhurachail. Use supervision as a means of protecting children, cùm sùil fhurachail air cloinn mar mheadhan air an dìon
supervisor n 1 stiùiriche m, pl stiùirichean
2 neach-coimhid m, pl luchd-coimhid
3 neach-aire m, pl luchd-aire
supple a sùbailte
supplement n 1 foirlionadh m, gen foirlionaidh
2 leasachadh m, gen leasachaidh
supplement v tr 1 cuir ri, vn cur ri. Such knowledge should support and supplement the continuing, natural processes of language acquisition, tha còir aig eòlas den t-seòrsa seo cur ris na bheil a’ dol air adhart gu nàdarrach ann an togail cànain, agus sin gu taiceil. They will be needed to supplement information obtained from day-to-day approaches, bidh feum orra gus cur ris an fhiosrachadh a gheibhear bho na dòighean-obrach làitheil
2 cuir an tuilleadh ri, vn cur an tuilleadh ri. It will require to be supplemented, feumar an tuilleadh a chur ris
3 foir-lìon, vn foir-lìonadh m
4 leasaich, vn leasachadh m
5 expressed with mar leudachadh air. Teachers should use texts in English on Gaelic matters to supplement texts in Gaelic, bu chòir do thidsearan teacsaichean Beurla air cùisean na Gàidhlig a chleachdadh mar leudachadh air teacsaichean ann an Gàidhlig
supplementary a 1 foirlionaidh
2 leasachaidh. Supplementary benefit, sochair leasachaidh
suppleness n sùbailteachd f
supplicate v tr & i aslaich, vn aslachadh m
supplication n aslachadh m, gen aslachaidh, pl aslachaidhean
supplier n solaraiche m, pl solaraichean. The paper costs 20 pence per sheet from the suppliers, tha am pàipear a’ cosg 20 sgillinn an duilleag bho na solaraichean
supply n solar m, gen & pl solair. Many people still get water from private supplies, tha mòran dhaoine fhathast a’ faighinn uisge à solair phrìobhaideach
supply pipe n phr pìob-sholair f, pl pìoban-solair
supply v tr 1 thoir do, vn toirt do
2 cuir an cèill, vn cur an cèill. They should be able to supply appropriate supporting evidence, tha còir gun tèid aca air dearbhadh iomchaidh a chur an cèill
3 (a) solair, vn solar m
(b) solaraich, vn solarachadh m
4 expressed with bi plus ann. A sink with running water must be supplied for washing of hands, feumaidh sinc le uisge ruithe a bhith ann airson làmhan a ghlanadh
4 not directly expressed. The outcrop of rock has probably been quarried to supply stone for the buildings in this immediate area, bidh e coltach gun deach clach a chosnadh bhon chreagan do na togalaichean a tha suidhichte faisg air làimh
supplied a expressed with a bheirear, a thugadh, a bheirte. I agree to make every effort to sell all the tickets supplied to me, tha mi ag aontachadh gun dèan mi mo dhìcheall gus na tiocaidean a bheirear dhomh a reic gu h-iomlan
support n 1 taice f. It will be the main source of support, ’s ann às a thig a’ mhòrchuid de thaice. Support for children with special educational needs, taice do chloinn le feuman foghlaim shònraichte. Respond by contributing, with support, to the purpose of the activity, a’ freagairt, le taice, gu h-iomchaidh ri adhbhar na h-obrach. Teacher support will be less evident, cha bhi taice tidseir cho follaiseach
2 cùl-taice m, gen cùil-taice
in support of prep phr expressed with cuir taice ri. Parents are exercising choice in support of current initiatives, tha pàrantan a’ cur taice, le roghainn, ris na h-iomairtean a tha a’ dol
support mod 1 expressed with taice f. Appropriate support arrangements for the teaching of Gaelic, taice iomchaidh do theagasg na Gàidhlig
2 expressed with cùl-taice m, gen cùil-thaice. Gaelic-medium education is a new initiative and the support infrastructure for it is in the process of being developed, is e iomairt ùr a tha ann am foghlam tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig agus tha an cùl-taice aige fhathast ga leasachadh
support v tr 1 (a) thoir taice do, vn toirt taice do. So that they genuinely support learning, gus fìor thaice thoirt do dh’ionnsachadh. Writing and reading can be supported by a school library, faodar taice thoirt do sgrìobhadh agus do leughadh le leabharlann sgoile
(b) cuir taice ri, vn cur m taice ri. Spelling rules can support this, faodaidh riaghailtean litreachaidh taice chur ri seo. To support pupils’ personal development, taice chur ri fàs pearsanta chloinne. While ensuring a context which supports confidence, feadh ’s gu bheilear a’ dèanamh cinnteach gu bheil suidheachadh ann a chuireas taice ri misneach. The teacher will continue to support pupils, leanaidh an tidsear air a bhith a’ cur taice ris a’ chloinn. Respond relevantly by questioning or supporting an opinion, a’ freagairt gu h-iomchaidh le bhith a’ cur cheistean no a’ cur taice ri beachd
(c) expressed with bi plus na thaice do. Good examples of the writing of adults support pupils as writers, tha deagh eisimpleirean de sgrìobhadh inbheach nan taice don chloinn ann a bhith a’ sgrìobhadh
(d) expressed with faigh taice, vn faotainn taice. They will be supported with illustrations or moving pictures, gheibh iad taice o dhealbhan no o fhilmichean. Teaching approaches, tasks and experiences will motivate and support pupils, bidh a’ chlann air an gluasad le dòighean-teagaisg, le obair agus le fiosrachadh, agus a’ faotainn taice bhuapa
(e) expressed with cuir an cèill le taice, vn cur an cèill le taice. A basic thesis may be supported by evidence and facts, faodar argamaid bhonntachail a chur an cèill le taice bho dhearbhadh agus bho fhiosrachadh
(f) (i) expressed with bi plus taice aig. Texts will be less supported by pictures, ’s e nas lugha de thaice dhealbhan a bhitheas aig teacsaichean
(ii) expressed with taice f. They will still need to be supported by the teacher, bidh feum aca fhathast air taice bhon tidsear
(g) expressed with gu taiceil adv. Such knowledge should support and supplement the continuing, natural processes of language acquisition, tha còir aig eòlas den t-seòrsa seo cur ris na bheil a’ dol air adhart gu nàdarrach ann an togail cànain, agus sin gu taiceil
2 neartaich, vn neartachadh m. They will support and promote reading and writing, bidh iad a’ neartachadh agus a’ leasachadh leughaidh agus sgrìobhaidh
3 fuiling, vn fulang m. The walls of this house are narrower and would not have supported a turf wall above, tha ballachan an taighe seo nas caoile, agus chan fhuilingeadh iad balla fàil air am muin
4 expressed with bi plus air. The land currently supports a stock of 200 Cheviot ewes, an ceartuair tha stoc de 200 caora mhaol air an talamh
5 expressed with gheibhear. The flat land by the river supports a range of grassland species, gheibhear san talamh-chòmhnard mun abhainn sreath de ghnèithean lusraich a bhuineas do thalamh-feòir. The sites of the old houses also support a variety of plant species, far a bheil làraichean nan seann-taighean cuideachd gheibhear caochladh sheòrsachan de ghnèithean lusraich
supported by prep phr 1 expressed with le taice plus gen. Read for enjoyment simple stories supported by pictures, a’ leughadh airson toileachaidh stòiridhean a tha sìmplidh le taice dhealbh
2 expressed with le taice plus o. Supported by evidence which will be of help in producing writing, le taice o dhearbhadh a chuidicheas le sgrìobhadh a chur ri chèile. As ideas supported by evidence, mar bhun-bheachdan le taice o dhearbhadh
3 expressed with de thaice plus o. As the pupils’ reading becomes less supported by illustrations, mar a bhitheas leughadh na cloinne a’ faighinn nas lugha de thaice o dhealbhan
4 expressed with de thaice plus gen. Texts will be less supported by pictures, ’s e nas lugha de thaice dhealbhan a bhitheas aig teacsaichean
5 expressed with taice o. As pupils read stories less supported by illustrations, mar a bhitheas a’ chlann a’ leughadh stòiridhean as lugha taice o dhealbhan
supporting a 1 a tha taiceil. Which will identifying main ideas from supporting ideas and evidence, a ghabhas a-staigh aithne chur air prìomh bhun-bheachdan bho bhun-bheachdan agus bho dhearbhadh a tha taiceil
2 expressed with bi a’ cur ri. Show that they understand the main and supporting ideas, a’ nochdadh gu bheil iad a’ tuigsinn nam prìomh bhun-bheachdan agus nam bun-bheachdan a tha a’ cur riutha sin. To identify main and supporting ideas, gu bhith a’ faighinn ròs air na prìomh bhun-bheachdan agus air an fheadhainn a tha a’ cur riutha sin
3 not directly expressed. They should be able to supply appropriate supporting evidence, tha còir gun tèid aca air dearbhadh iomchaidh a chur an cèill
supportive a 1 taiceil. This requires a relaxed and supportive environment, tha seo a’ cur feum air àrainneachd a tha fosgailte, fosgarra, taiceil. This can be considered in the supportive situation of small groups, faodar beachdachadh air seo ann an suidheachadh taiceil bhuidhnean beaga
2 expressed with mar thaice. Pupils will make deductions using supportive evidence in the text, bidh a’ chlann a’ tighinn gu co-dhùnaidhean, a’ cleachdadh dearbhaidh anns an teacsa mar thaice
3 expressed with cum taice ri, vn cumail taice ri. Challenging them to make decisions and confront problems within motivating and supportive contexts, gan cur gu dùbhlan gus co-dhùnaidhean a dhèanamh agus aghaidh a chur air duilgheadasan, taobh a-staigh coitheacsan a tha gan gluasad agus a’ cumail taice riutha
suprasegmental a os-teasganail. Suprasegmental phonemes, fòineimean os-teasganail
supreme a àrd, comp àirde
sure a cinnteach, comp cinntiche. I am not sure that I can agree, chan eil mi cinnteach gur h-urrainn dhomh aontachadh
surface n uachdar m, gen uachdair, pl uachdaran. Amount of surface, meud uachdair. Surface area, farsaingeachd uachdair. The coal is carried up the shaft to the surface, thèid an gual a ghiùlan suas an toll-mèinne chon an uachdair
surface mod 1 uachdrach. Surface rock, creag uachdrach
2 faicsinneach. A term for describing these surface features of their writing, briathar airson iomradh a dhèanamh air na nithean faicsinneach a bhuineas don chuid sgrìobhaidh
surface tension n phr teanntachd-uachdair f
surmise v tr thoir tuairmse air. It is important for pupils to “question” the information source to surmise its usefulness for their purpose, tha e cudthromach gum bi a’ chlann a’ “ceasnachadh” air an teacsa fiosrachaidh gus tuairmse a thoirt air dè cho feumail ’s a bhitheas e dhaibh
surname n 1 sloinneadh m, gen sloinnidh, pl sloinnidhean
2 fine f, pl fineachan. What is his surname? dè an fhine tha aige?
surpass v tr thoir bàrr air, vn toirt bàrr air
surpassing a barraichte
surplus n barrachas m, gen barrachais; barras m, gen barrais
surprise n iongnadh m, gen iongnaidh; iongantas m, gen iongantais
2 mòr-iongnadh m, gen mòr-iongnaidh
surround v tr cuartaich, vn cuartachadh m
surrounding a expressed with mun cuairt adv. These volcanic rocks have worn down more slowly and now stand proud of the surrounding softer rock, tha na creagan bholcànach seo air caitheamh sìos na bu mhaille agus tha iad a-nis nan seasamh a-mach bhon chreig as buige mun cuairt
survey n 1 tomhas m, gen tomhais, pl tomhasan
2 suirbhidh m, pl suirbhidhean
Ordnance Survey n phr Suirbhidh m Òrdanais
surveyor n 1 neach-tomhais m, pl luchd-tomhais
2 suirbhidhear m, gen suirbhidheir, pl suirbhidhearan
survival n expressed with mair v, vn mairsinn m. It may be that the same kind of creative process is somehow involved here as results in the survival of the unstressed rhymes in the other songs, faodaidh e bhith gu bheil an aon seòrsa obrach-cruthachaidh a’ sàs ann, rathad-eigin, ’s a tha ag adhbharachadh gun do mhair na comhardaidhean gun chudthrom anns na h-òrain eile
survive v i 1 (a) mair, vn mairsinn m. It is likely that this unstressed rhyme came from the mediaeval metre Ochtfhoclach bec, and that it sometimes survives in more modern metres, tha e coltach gun tànaig an comhardadh gun chudthrom a tha seo bhon mheadrachd mheadhan-aoiseil Ochtfhoclach bec, agus gu bheil e uaireannan a’ mairsinn ann am meadrachdan a tha nas nuadh-aimsireile
(b) mair beò, vn maireann beò. How many of them survived? co mheud dhiubh a mhair beò?
(c) bi air mhaireann. The roundhouses survive as low circles of stone or earth, tha na taighean-cruinne air mhaireann nan cearcaill ìosal de chloich no de dh’fhàl
2 thig beò, vn tighinn beò. He survived for four days in this situation, bha e tighinn beò airson ceithir latha san t-suidheachadh seo
3 (a) expressed with faigh an diugh, vn faighinn an diugh. No trace of turf walled buildings usually survives, mar as trice chan fhaighear lorg idir an diugh air togalaichean le ballachan fàil.
(b) expressed with faigh fhathast, vn faighinn fhathast. Good examples of rigs survive close to the road, gheibhear eisimpleirean matha de dh’fheannagan fhathast faisg air an rathad. Traces of all three types of walling survive in this area, gheibhear lorg fhathast air gach aon de na trì seòrsaichean gàrraidh san àite seo
4 expressed with fag lorg, vn fàgail luirge. Wooden or wattle fences which may also have been used do not, of course, now survive, is dòcha gu robhar a’ cleachdadh fheansaichean de dh’fhiodh no de chlèith-chaoil cuideachd, ach mar a bhitheadh dùil cha do dh’fhàg iad seo lorg sam bith
surviving a a tha air mhaireann. The surviving stone buildings show that this was generally an area of permanent settlement, tha na togalaichean cloiche a tha air mhaireann a’ sealltainn gu robhar a’ tuineachadh an seo sa chumantas fad na bliadhna
suspect v tr 1 cuir an amharas, vn cur an amharas. I suspect he won’t come, tha mi a’ cur am amharas nach tig e
2 bi an amharas
suspend v tr
suspended a (chemistry) foluaineach
suspension n
in suspension a phr (chemistry) foluaineach
suspension bridge n phr drochaid-chrochaidh f, pl drochaidean-crochaidh
suspicion n amharas m, gen & pl amharais
suspicious a amharasach, comp amharasaiche
sustain v tr 1 lean ri, vn leantainn ri. Pupils will be encouraged to sustain personal reading, bithear a’ misneachadh na cloinne gu bhith a’ leantainn ri leughadh pearsanta
2 (a) cùm a’ dol, vn cumail a’ dol. Cues which help them to sustain a brief line of argument, comharraidhean a bheir cothrom dhaibh argamaid a chumail a’ dol rè ùine ghoirid
(b) cùm suas, vn cumail suas. During this journey water is used by people and animals to sustain life, tron turas seo thèid uisge a chleachdadh le daoine is le ainmhidhean airson beatha a chumail suas
3 expressed with cothrom m. Sustaining the growth of Gaelic has implications for the provision of Gaelic, tha ceangal dlùth eadar cothrom fàis don Ghàidhlig agus na tha riatanach do dh’fhoghlam na Gàidhlig
sustainable a ion-leantainneach. Sustainable use of resources, cleachdadh ion-leantainneach air goireasan
sustenance n beathachadh m, gen beathachaidh
svarabhakti n 1 svarabhakti m. The bard does not generally make a word having svarabhakti rhyme with a word without it, chan eil am bàrd sa chumantas a’ toirt air facal anns a bheil svarabhakti comhardadh a dhèanamh ri facal gun e
2 eipinteiteachd f
svarabhakti mod 1 svarabhakti
2 expressed with eipinteiteach. Svarabhakti vowel, fuaimreag eipinteiteach
swallow v tr sluig, vn slugadh
swallow hole n phr (geography) toll-slugaidh m, gen & pl tuill-shlugaidh
swamp n boglach f, gen boglaich, pl boglaichean
swear v i 1 mionnaich, vn mionnachadh m
2 thoir mionnan, vn toirt mhionnan
swearing n 1 expressed with mionnan m pl. No swearing or use of offensive language in the group, cha cheadaichear mionnan no cainnt a bheir oilbheum sa bhuidhinn
2 mionnachadh m
sworn a fo mhionnan, mionnaichte. They have a sworn affidavit (from a person), tha iad air fianais a ghabhail bho dhuine fo mhionnan
sweat n fallas m, gen fallais
sweat gland n phr fàireag f fhallais, gen fàireig fallais, pl fàireagan fallais
sweaty a fallasach, comp fallasaich
Swede pr n Suaineach m, gen & pl Suainich
swede n 1 snèip f Shuainteach, gen snèip Suaintich, pl snèipean Suainteach
2 suainteach m, gen & pl suaintich
Sweden pr n an t-Suain f, gen na Suaine
Swedish pr n (language) Suainis f
Swedish a Suaineach; Suainteach
Swedish turnip n phr, see swede n
sweet n 1 suiteas m, gen & pl suiteis
2 carbhaidh m, pl carbhaidhean
sweet a 1 milis, comp mìlse
2 (of music) binne, comp binne
sweetness n binneas m, gen binneis
swell v i 1 at, vn at m, atadh m
2 bòc, vn bòcadh
swelling n 1 at m, pl atan
2 bòcadh m, gen bòcaidh
swim v
swimming board n phr bòrd-snàimh m, gen & pl bùird-shnàimh
swimming cap n phr bonaid-snàimh f, pl bonaidean-snàimh
swimming-pool n amar-snàimh m, gen amair-snàimh, pl amaran-snàimh. Should public swimming-pools be used, the person in charge of the pre-school must contact the manager of the facility prior to the visit, ma thèid amaran-snàimh poblach a chur am feum, feumaidh an neach a tha air ceann na ro-sgoile brath a leigeil air manaidsear a’ ghoireis mus bithear a’ tadhal air
swimming-trunks n briogais-shnàimh f, pl briogaisean-snàimh
swing n 1 (of eg pendulum) siùdan m, gen siùdain, pl siùdanan
2 (children’s) dreallag f, gen dreallaig, pl dreallagan. Appropriate restraints must be used on swings, feumar uidheaman-bacaidh iomchaidh a chleachdadh air dreallagan
switch n suidse f, pl suidsichean
switch v tr suids, vn suidseadh m
switchboard n bòrd-seinnse m, gen & pl bùird-sheinnse
swivel n udalan m, gen & pl udalain
syllabic a 1 lideach. The mediaeval syllabic metre called Ochtfhoclach bec, a’ meadrachd lideach mheadhan-aoiseil air an robh Ochtfhoclach bec
2 siollabach
syllable n lide m, pl lidean. Syllable and root will be used in discussion which centres on individual words, cleachdar lide agus freumh ann am beachdachadh air faclan fa leth. Final syllable, lide deireannach. Penultimate syllable, lide leth-dheireannach. Antepenultimate syllable, lide roi-leth-dheireannach. In the chorus and in verse 2 the second stress comes on the penultimate syllable, anns an fhonn agus ann an rann 2 tha an dara cudthrom a’ tighinn air an lide leth-dheireannach. In verses 1, 3, and 4 the second stress comes on the final syllable in the first three phrases and on the penultimate syllable in the fourth phrase, ann an rannan 1, 3, agus 4 tha an dara cudthrom a’ tighinn air an lide dheireannach anns a’ chiad trì abairtean agus air an lide leth-dheireannach anns a’ cheathramh abairt
syllabus n clàr-obrach m, gen clàir-obrach, pl clàran-obrach. The syllabus of programmes should be designed to keep pace with their maturational level, bu chòir clàr-obrach nam prògraman a dheilbh gus còrdadh a dhèanamh ri an ìre fàis
symbol n samhla m, or samhladh m, gen samhlaidh, pl samhlaidhean. Weather symbols, samhlaidhean sìde
symbolic a samhlachail
symbolise v tr samhlaich, vn samhlachadh m
symbolism n samhlachas m, gen samhlachais
symmetrical a 1 cumadail, ceart-chumadail
2 cothromaichte. Symmetrical designs, deilbhean cothromaichte
symmetry n 1 cumadalachd f
2 cothromachadh m, gen cothromachaidh. Line of symmetry, loidhne cothromachaidh
3 co-fhreagairt f
sympathetic a 1 co-fhaireachail. This is not just a matter of sympathetic assistance, chan eil seo a’ ciallachadh a-mhàin taice cho-fhaireachail
2 not directly expressed. To give them sympathetic consideration, gu bhith a’ cur diù annta
symposium n co-chomhairle f, pl co-chomhairlean
syncope n meadhan-ghiorrachadh m, gen meadhan-ghiorrachaidh
synecdoche n mìr-riochdachadh m, gen mìr-riochdachaidh
synonym n 1 co-fhacal m, gen co-fhacail, pl co-fhaclan
2 co-chiallair m, pl co-chiallairean
synopsis n 1 sionopsas m, gen sionopsais
2 geàrr-chunntas, gen geàrr-chunntais
synoptic a sionoptach. A synoptic chart, clàr sionoptach
synovial a sionoibheach
synovial fluid n phr 1 silteachd shionoibheach
2 lionn m nan alt
syntactical a co-chàraidheil
syntagm n 1 siontagma m, pl siontagmathan
2 roinn-sheantans m, pl roinn-sheantansan
syntagmatic a 1 siontagmatach
2 roinn-sheantansach
syntax n co-chàradh m, gen co-chàraidh
synthesis n co-thàthadh m, gen co-thàthaidh, pl co-thàthaidhean
synthesise v tr co-thàth, vn co-thàthadh m. Synthesising, a’ co-thàthadh
synthesiser n 1 co-thàthadair m, pl co-thàthadairean
2 cothlamadair, m, pl cothlamadairean.
voice synthesiser n phr guth-chothlamadair m, pl guth-chothlamadairean
synthetic a 1 (artificial) innealta
2 (grammar) co-thàthte. Synthetic verb, gnìomhair co-thàthte
3 (philosophy) sinteusach
syphon n, see siphon n
Syria pr n an t-Sìr f, gen na Sìr; Siria f
Syriac pr n (language) Sìris f
Syrian pr n 1 Sìreach m, gen & pl Sìrich; Sirianach m, gen & pl Sirianaich
syringe n 1 steallaire m, pl steallairean
2 bruideag f, genn bruideig, pl bruideagan
system n 1 siostam m, gen siostaim, pl siostaman. A system of attainment targets, siostam chuimsean-coileanaidh. Computer network systems, siostaman obair-lìn coimpiutair. Circulatory system, siostam cuairteachaidh, siostam na fala. A large system of shallow, wide, meandering rivers, siostam mòr de dh’aibhnichean ao-domhainn, leathan, lùbach
2 expressed with a-rèir nan dòighean. If schools decide that pupils for whom a Record of Needs has been opened should become involved in the system of assessment described here, ma tha sgoiltean a’ cur romhpa gum bi clann a tha na feuman aca gan clàradh air am measadh a rèir nan dòighean a tha air an comharrachadh an seo
systematic a 1 rianail. It will help them to undertake a systematic review, cuidichidh e iad gus breithneachadh rianail a dhèanamh. Through a systematic and progressive programme, tro phrògram rianail adhartach
2 expressed with ullachadh rianail a dhèanamh. The school will identify all such needs in a planned and systematic way, bidh an sgoil a’ comharrachadh gach feum den t-seòrsa sin le ullachadh dòigheil rianach a dhèanamh dhaibh
systematically adv expressed with ann an dòigh riaghailteach. Pupils will be introduced systematically to letter formation, cuirear a’ chlann ann an dòigh riaghailteach an greim ann a bhith a’ cumadh litrichean
T
table n 1 bòrd m, gen & pl bùird
2 clàr m, gen clàir, pl clàran. Mutiplication tables, clàran iomadachaidh. The times tables, na clàran urad. The table opposite, an clàr a leanas. Separate tables are provided, tha clàir air leth ann
tablet n cnap m, gen cnaip, pl cnapan. Three tablets of soap, trì cnapan siabainn
tackle v tr 1 rach an sàs ann, vn dol m an sàs ann. They will still need to be supported by the teacher when tackling more complex aspects, bidh feum aca fhathast air taice bhon tidsear an uair a tha iad a’ dol an sàs ann an nithean nas ioma-fhillte
2 gabh os làimh, vn gabhail os làimh. The same task may be tackled by the whole class, faodaidh an clas gu h-iomlan an t-aona ghnìomh a ghabhail os làimh
tacksman n 1 fear-taca m, gn & pl fir-thaca. The building must have belonged to a substantial tenant such as a tacksman, feumaidh gum buineadh an togalach do theanant chudthromach leithid fear-taca
2 fear-baile m, gen & pl fir-bhaile
tadpole n 1 ceann-phollan m, gen ceann-phollain, pl ceann-phollain, ceann-phollanan
2 poll-cheannan m, gen & pl poll-cheannain
take v tr 1 gabh, vn gabhail m. Opportunities will be taken to incorporate songs, bithear a’ gabhail cothroim air òrain a ghabhail a-staigh. Where national tests are taken in Gaelic there will be a report on the results of these tests, far a bheil deuchainnean nàiseanta gan gabhail sa Ghàidhlig, bidh iomradh air mar a thèid don chloinn annta
2 thoir, vn toirt f. Teachers will take pupils beyond purely literal responses, bheir na tidsearan a’ chlann thar fhreagairt a tha litireil a-mhàin
3 expressed with bi plus an prep. The language programme may take the form of a progressive language course, faodaidh am prògram cànain a bhith ann an riochd cùrsa cànain a tha a’ dol air adhart ceum air ceum
4 not expressed. What forms is assessment likely to take? dè na modhan measaidh ris am bi dùil?
take account of v phr 1 thoir an aire do, vn toirt an aire do. Account has been taken of the responses, thugadh an aire do na freagairtean. So that the messenger has to take more account of the possible reactions of the listeners, agus mar sin feumaidh an teachdaire barrachd aire a thoirt do mar a dh’fhaodadh an luchd-èisteachd gabhail ris an teachdaireachd
2 thoir aire air, vn toirt aire air. They should learn to take some account of register, tha còir aca aire air choireigin a thoirt air gnè
3 thoir àite do, vn toirt àite do. The setting within which pupils can take account of others’ views, an suidheachadh anns am faod a’ chlann àite thoirt do bheachdan chàich
4 gabh ealla ri, vn gabhail ealla ri. Pupils are expected to take account of the contributions of others, thàtar a’ sùileachadh gum bi a’ chlann a’ gabhail ealla ris na their càch. Advice about taking account of diversity of language, comhairle mu bhith a’ gabhail ealla ri iomadalachd sheòrsachan cànain
5 gabh a-staigh or gabh a-steach, vn gabhail a-staigh or gabhail a-steach. Pupils will be asked to take account of the needs of the audience, iarrar air a’ chloinn feumalachdan an luchd-amais a ghabhail a-staigh. A programme which takes account of that pupil’s needs, prògram a ghabhas a-steach feumalachdan a’ phàiste sin
6 coimhid ri, vn coimhead ri. Discussions will take account of the views and attitudes of those involved in the texts, bidh beachdachadh a’ coimhead ri barail agus sealladh na feadhnach a tha a’ gabhail pàirt anns na teacsaichean
take action v phr cuir gu buil, vn cur gu buil. People listen best when the information is of importance to them and when they have to take some action on it, is ann an uair a tha am fiosrachadh cudthromach dhaibh agus an uair a dh’fheumas iad a chuir gu buil ann an dòigh air choireigin as fheàrr a dh’èisteas daoine
take a look v phr thoir sùil, vn toirt sùla. Occasional procedures which enable the teacher to take a closer look at progress and needs, iomairtean o àm gu àm a bheir cothrom don tidsear sùil nas gèire thoirt air adhartas agus air feuman
take as v phr dèan de. The teacher should also take this as a teaching opportunity, bu chòir don tidsear cothrom-ionnsachaidh a dhèanamh dheth
take care v phr expressed with gu faiceallach. Care has been taken to acknowledge the processes which will enable that extension to take place, tha àite air a thoirt gu faiceallach do na ceumannan a bheir cothrom don leudachadh sin a bhith a’ tighinn gu buil
take form v phr expressed with tha dòigh air. Beginnings in fiction now take different forms, tha caochladh dhòighean a-nis air tòiseachadh ann am ficsean
take form of v phr 1 bi ann an riochd. The language programme may take the form of a progressive language course, faodaidh am prògram cànain a bhith ann an riochd cùrsa cànain a tha a’ dol air adhart ceum air ceum
2 expressed with copula construction. Early language production may take the form of Gaelic sentences with some English words, is dòcha gur e seantansan Gàidhlig le faclan Beurla nam measg na thig bhuapa de chànain toiseach cùise
take into account v phr thoir a-staigh, vn toirt a-staigh. In Talking, clarity of speech would be taken into account, ann an Labhairt bheirte a-staigh labhairt shoilleir
take part in v phr 1 gabh pàirt an
2 expressed with rach a-steach an, vn dol a-steach an. Through drama, pupils will be increasingly involved in taking part in social situations, tro dhràma bithidh clann gan sìor chur an sàs ann a bhith a’ dol a-steach ann an suidhichidhean sòisealta
3 expressed with giùlain, vn giùlan m. They will begin to learn how to take part in discussion activities, bidh iad a’ tòiseachadh air ionnsachadh mar a ghiùlaineas iad iad fhèin ann an beachdachadh
4 not directly expressed. They will be able to take part in simple role-play exercises relating to school work, bidh comas aca a dhol an riochdan sìmplidh co-cheangailte ro obair-sgoile
take place v phr 1 rach air adhart, vn dol air adhart. When teaching and learning are taking place, fhad ’s a tha teagasg agus ionnsachadh a’ dol air adhart. Contexts are the motivating situations within which teaching, learning and assessment activities take place, is ann an suidhichidhean a ghluaiseas an inntinn a thèid gnìomhan teagaisg, ionnsachaidh agus measaidh air adhart. It has much to do with the individual situation in which listening takes place, tha e ann an dlùth dhàimh ri gach suidheachadh anns a bheil èisteachd a’ dol air adhart
2 thig gu ìre, vn tighinn gu ìre. It will take place in classroom contexts, tha e a’ tighinn gu ìre ann an suidhichidhean sa chlas
3 thig gu buil, vn tighinn gu buil. Care has been taken to acknowledge the processes which will enable that extension to take place, tha àite air a thoirt gu faiceallach do na ceumannan a bheir cothrom don leudachadh sin a bhith a’ tighinn gu buil
4 gabh àite, vn gabhail àite. The teacher will be able to review and evaluate the learning and teaching which is taking place, thèid aig an tidsear air sgrùdadh agus luachadh a thoirt air an ionnsachadh agus air an teagasg a tha a’ gabhail àite
5 bi plus ann. Development will take place between Level E and Standard Grade, bidh fàs ann eadar Ìre E agus an Ìre Choitcheann
6 not directly expressed. Pupil self- and peer-evaluation will include consideration of the success with which information transfer took place, bidh a’ chlann a’ breithneachadh orra fhèin ’s air an co-aoisean agus a’ toirt fa-near dè cho math ’s a chaidh fiosrachadh a lìobhraigeadh
take step v phr expressed with neg plus dèan dad. All such steps will be taken after consideration of pupil progress, cha dèanar dad de na dh’ainmicheadh an seo gus an tèid beachdachadh air adhartas na cloinne
take time v phr cuir ùine seachad, vn cur ùine seachad. The teacher will take time to ensure that pupils lay out their writing in a neat form, cuiridh an tidsear ùine seachad a’ dèanamh cinnteach gu bheil a’ chlann a’ cur cruth air an cuid sgrìobhaidh ann an cumadh sgiobalta
take turn(s) v phr 1 expressed with cùm ris an òrdugh cheart, vn cumail ris an òrdugh cheart. How members should respond by taking their turn, mar as còir do bhuill na buidhne cumail ris an òrdugh cheart
2 expressed with neach mu seach. To learn the disciplines of effective speaking — taking turns, gus an rian a bhuineas do labhairt èifeachdach ionnsachadh — ’s e sin, a bhith a’ bruidhinn neach mu seach
take upon oneself v phr gabh uallach air fhèin, vn gabhail uallaich air fhèin. They will be required to take upon themselves the task of fleshing out the details of how they will structure and deliver the information, feumaidh iad uallach a ghabhail orra fhèin gus feòil a chur air cnàmhan dealbhachadh agus lìobhraigeadh an fhiosrachaidh
taken by v phr expressed with aig. To identify the particular positions being taken by speakers or texts, gus aithne chur air na beachdan sònraichte aig luchd-labhairt no aig teacsaichean
talc n talc m
tale n 1 sgeulachd f, pl sgeulachdan. International tales, sgeulachdan eadar-nàiseanta
2 stòiridh f, pl stòiridhean. Tales and poems, stòiridhean agus dàin
tales n pl expressed with seanchas m, gen seanchais. Tales of the Fianna, Seanchas na Fèinne
tale type n phr seòrsa m sgeulachd, pl seòrsachan sgeulachd
talent n 1 tàlant m, pl tàlantan
2 buadh f, gen buaidh, pl buadhan, buadhannan
talented a 1 tàlanta, tàlantach
2 buadhach, comp buadhaiche
talk n 1 labhairt f. Grasping the purposes behind a piece of talk or writing, greim fhaighinn air na h-adhbhair a tha air cùl earrann labhairt no sgrìobhaidh. Discussion and individual talk will be given a particular emphasis within Talking and Listening, ann an Labhairt agus ann an Èisteachd cuirear cudthrom sònraichte air còmhradh buidhne agus labhairt aon-neach. The whole curriculum offers a widening set of contexts for talk, tha na suidhichidhean labhairt a gheibhear anns a’ chlàr-theagaisg air fad a’ sìor mheudachadh
2 obair-labhairt f. Pupils should learn that in preparing a talk they must bear in mind the purpose of the audience, tha còir aig a’ chloinn ionnsachadh an uair a tha iad a’ dol an sàs nan cuid obair-labhairt gum feum iad cuimhne a chumail air adhbhar an luchd-èisteachd
3 expressed with bi a’ labhairt. This will enable free and purposeful talk, bheir seo cothrom don chloinn a bhith a’ labhairt gu saor agus gu gnothaicheil
4 còmhradh m, gen còmhraidh. With more open-ended talk, le còmhradh a tha nas fosgailte. They will be aware of their own role and that of others in one-to-one or group talk, bidh mothachadh aca air an àite fhèin agus air àite chàich ann an còmhradh eadar dithis no ann an còmhradh buidhne. With opportunities to respond to books, other texts, and pupils’ own talk and writing, le cothrom air a bhith ag obair fo bhuaidh leabhraichean agus theacsaichean eile, agus cuideachd fo bhuaidh còmhradh agus sgrìobhadh na cloinne fhèin. To use talk in structured play, gus còmhradh a chleachdadh ann an cluiche òrdaichte
5 òraid f. Listening to a talk, ag èisteachd ri òraid. Talks and interviews given by classmates and visiting adults, òraidean is agallamhan o cho-aoisean no o inbhich a bhitheas a’ tadhal. When preparing an individual talk, an uair a bhitheas iad ag ullachadh òraid aon-neach
6 cainnt-bheòil f. In considering performance (the presentation of the message in talk or writing), ann a bhith a’ gabhail beachd air coileanadh (a’ cur na teachdaireachd an cèill ann an cainnt-bheòil no ann an sgrìobhadh)
7 expressed with gnìomh m, plus labhairt f. An assessment should clearly relate to the particular purpose of the talk or writing, tha còir aig measadh a bhith ann an dàimh shoilleir ri adhbhar sònraichte a’ ghnìomha, eadar labhairt is sgrìobhadh
talk v tr & i 1 labhair, vn labhairt f. Pupils will talk to convey information, bidh sgoilearan a’ labhairt ach an toir iad fiosrachadh. To talk in the reading and writing programme, gus a bhith a’ labhairt anns a’ phrògram leughaidh agus sgrìobhaidh
2 bruidhnich, bruidhinn, vn bruidhinn f. They will talk appropriately about experiences, opinions, feelings and texts, bidh iad a’ bruidhinn gu h-iomchaidh mu dheidhinn fhiosraichidhean, bheachdan, fhaireachdainnean agus theacsaichean. When pupils want to talk about an experience, an uair a tha a’ chlann ag iarraidh a bhith a’ bruidhinn air rud a dh’fhiosraich iad. Opportunities to talk together will occur in class activities, bidh cothrom ann a bhith a’ bruidhinn còmhla ann an obair a’ chlas. By talking about them, le bhith a’ bruidhinn orra. Which they can use in talking about their work, a dh’fhaodas iad a chleachdadh ann a bhith a’ bruidhinn air an cuid obrach
3 bi a’ còmhradh. Read and talk about a short text, a’ leughadh agus a’ còmhradh mu theacsa goirid. Pupils should talk together, tha còir aig cloinn a bhith a’ còmhradh còmhla. The teacher will talk directly to the class, bidh an tidsear a’ còmhradh dìreach ris a’ chlas
You will spend your life with people talking about you, caithidh tu do bheatha ann am beul dhaoine eile
talk together v phr 1 bi a’ còmhradh còmhla. Pupils should talk together, tha còir aig cloinn a bhith a’ còmhradh còmhla
2 bi a’ còmhradh. Practical activities which will require them to talk together, gnìomhan prataigeach anns am feum iad a bhith a’ còmhradh
talking n 1 labhairt f. Additional opportunities for talking and listening, barrachd cothrom labhairt agus èisteachd. Skills in talking Gaelic, sgilean labhairt sa Ghàidhlig. Pupils will engage in a programme which will occur after skills in talking and listening are well established, bidh a’ chlann a’ dol an sàs ann am prògram a bhios aca an uair a tha sgilean labhairt agus èisteachd air an làn stèidheachadh. Talking about experiences, labhairt mu fhiosrachaidhean. To link sentences with appropriate words already familiar to them in their talking, gus seantansan a cheangal ri chèile le faclan freagarrach as aithne dhaibh cheana nan cuid labhairt. To consolidate their skills in talking, gus na sgilean labhairt aca a dhaingneachadh
2 expressed with a bhith a’ labhairt. Talking helps us sort out what we think, tha a bhith a’ labhairt gar cuideachadh gus rian a chur air ar smuaintean. They may also have a heightened sense of writing and talking for genuine purposes, faodaidh iad cuideachd am barrachd tuigse fhaotainn air a bhith a’ sgrìobhadh agus a’ labhairt gus fìor amasan a choileanadh
3 còmhradh m, gen còmhraidh. Most of the time will be spent on talking and listening, cuirear seachad a’ mhòrchuid den ùine ann an còmhradh agus ann an èisteachd. Contexts for talking will be varied, tha còir aig suidhichidhean airson còmhraidh a bhith de dh’iomadh gnè. Talking about pictures, còmhradh mu dhealbhan
4 expressed with bi a’ còmhradh. It is through talking with peers, teachers and other adults that much of pupils’ learning will occur, is ann tro bhith a’ còmhradh le co-aoisean, luchd-teagaisg agus inbhich eile a tha deagh chuid de dh’ionnsachadh chloinne a’ dol air adhart
5 cainnt f. In talking offer a personal response to the events, a’ freagairt ann an cainnt gu pearsanta fa chomhair na thachair
6 beachdachadh m, gen beachdachaidh. “Setting the scene” will feature in talking about fiction, bidh “ullachadh-sgeòil” ann am beachdachadh air ficsean
talking mod labhairt. Pupils will acquire knowledge about language which will help them in their talking activities, bidh a’ chlann a’ faotainn mothachadh air cànain a bhitheas feumail dhaibh ann an gnìomhan labhairt
talkative a bruidhneach, comp bruidhniche
talker n neach-labhairt m, pl luchd-labhairt. Pupils should actively consider their own purposes as talkers, tha còir aig a’ chloinn an deagh aire thoirt don cuid adhbhar fhèin mar luchd-labhairt
tall a àrd, comp àirde
tally n cunntas m, gen cunntais, pl cunntasan
tally mark n phr comharra m cunntaidh, gen comharraidh chunntaidh, pl comharraidhean cunntaidh
tan v tr cairt, vn cartadh m
tank n tanca f, pl tancaichean
Tanera pr n Tannara; Tamhnnara
tangle n
tangle leaves n phr 1 bàrr-staimh m, gen barra-staimh
2 bragaire m
tank n (for water) amar m, gen amair, pl amaran, amraichean. A water tank, amar-uisge
tap n 1 tap f, pl tapaichean
2 goc m. Tap water, uisge bhon ghoc
tape n teip f, pl teipichean. Adhesive tape, teip thàthaidh. Masking tape, teip mhasgaidh. Story tapes, teipichean stòiridh
audio tape n phr teip-èisteachd f, pl teipichean-èisteachd. Texts on audio tape, teacsaichean air teip-èisteachd
tape mod 1 teip. Pupils will use tape or video recorders, bidh a’ chlann a’ cleachdadh innealan teip no bhideo
2 air teip. Tape recording allows pupils to hear themselves read, tha clàradh air teip a’ toirt cothroim do chloinn iad fhèin a chluinntinn a’ leughadh
tape recorder n phr 1 inneal m teip, gen inneil teip, pl innealan teip. Pupils will use tape or video recorders, bidh a’ chlann a’ cleachdadh innealan teip no bhideo
2 inneal-clàraidh m cluais, pl innealan-clàraidh cluais. Pupils will make use of tape and video recorders, bidh a’ chlann a’ cleachdadh innealan-clàraidh cluais agus sùla
3 teiprecòrdair m. How to use the tape recorder, mar a dh’obraichear an teiprecòrdair
tape recording n phr 1 clàradh-teip m, gen clàraidh-theip, pl clàraidhean-teip
2 clàradh m air teip, gen clàraidh air teip, pl clàraidhean air teip. Tape recording allows pupils to hear themselves read, tha clàradh air teip a’ toirt cothroim do chloinn iad fhèin a chluinntinn a’ leughadh
3 teiprecòrdadh m, gen teiprecòrdaidh. Tape recording can help pupils hear how fluency aids the conveying of meaning, cuidichidh teiprecòrdadh a’ chlann gu bhith a’ cluinntinn mar tha fileantachd a’ cuideachadh ann a bhith a’ cur brìgh an cèill
tape v tr
taped a 1 expressed with na chaidh a chur air teip. In analysing a taped performance, the pupils will recognise key points in the discussion, ann a bhith a’ sgrùdadh na chaidh a chur air teip de an cuid bheachdachaidh aithnichidh a’ chlann na nithean as cudthromaiche
2 expressed with air clàr. Taped version, teacsa air clàr
taping n clàradh m air teip, gen clàraidh air teip. To respond through taping or puppetry, a bhith a’ freagairt tro chlàradh air teip no tro chleachd fir-fuadain
tar n 1 teàrr f, gen tearra
2 bìth f, gen bìthe
tar v tr
tarred a tearra. On the tarred road, air an rathad thearra
Taransay pr n Tarasaigh
tardy a 1 athaiseach, comp athaisiche
2 leargach, comp leargaiche
target n 1 targaid f, pl targaidean
2 cuimse f, pl cuimsean. Attainment targets, cuimsean coileanaidh. Most strands have attached to them statements of minimum competency or attainment targets, an cois na mòrchodach de na h-iallan tha iomraidhean air comasan aig a’ char as lugha, no cuimsean coileanaidh. The successful attainment of these targets will result in the following outcomes, ma ruigear na cuimsean coileanaidh seo thig na builean a leanas gu ìre
3 tomhas m, gen tomhais, pl tomhaisean. Attainment targets, tomhaisean-coileanaidh
target mod 1 sònraichte. Target audience, luchd-amais sònraichte
2 not directly expressed. With degrees of formality that will depend on the writer’s familiarity with the target readership, aig ìrean foirmealachd a bhitheas a’ dol a-rèir ’s dè an t-eòlas a tha aig an sgrìobhadair air a luchd-amais
tartan n breacan m, gen breacain, pl breacain, breacanan
tartan a breacanach
tartar n tartar m, gen tartair
tartrate n tartrait f
tartrazine n tartrasain f
task n 1 obair f. By directing them into the task, le bhith gan stiùireadh a-steach don obair. There will be pupils in P6 who will be successfully undertaking tasks that appear at Level E, bidh clann ann am B6 agus thèid aca air obair a dhèanamh a tha a’ nochdadh aig Ìre E. Activities ranging from collaborative language tasks to group projects, gnìomhan de chaochladh seòrsa, bho obair cho-chuideachail cànain gu pròiseactan-buidhne. Such work can be individual tasks with teacher support, faodaidh obair den t-seòrsa seo gabhail a-steach obair aon-neach le taice on tidsear. In order to carry out tasks of some complexity, gus obair a tha an ìre mhaith ioma-fhillte a dhèanamh
2 gnìomh m, pl gnìomhan. In the talking tasks above, anns na gnìomhan labhairt gu h-àrd. Opportunities for differentiation by text, task and level of support, cothrom gus eadar-dhealachadh a dhèanamh le teacsa, le gnìomh agus le ìre taice. The teacher will devise short messages and other functional listening tasks, bidh an neach-teagaisg a’ dealbhachadh fiosan goirid agus gnìomhan èisteachd eile. Particular assessment tasks set by the teacher, gnìomhan-measaidh sònraichte air an suidheachadh leis an tidsear
3 gnìomh m a tha ri dhèanamh, pl gnìomhan a tha ri an dèanamh. Discussing tasks and how to deal with them, a’ beachdachadh air gnìomhan a tha ri an dèanamh agus mar a dhèiligear riutha
4 uallach m, gen uallaich. They will be required to take upon themselves the task of fleshing out the details of how they will structure and deliver the information, feumaidh iad uallach a ghabhail orra fhèin gus feòil a chur air cnàmhan dealbhachadh agus lìobhraigeadh an fhiosrachaidh
5 iomairt f. Group tasks from across the whole curriculum, iomairt-bhuidhne o thaobh gu taobh den chlàr-theagaisg. The teacher will encourage adherence to the purpose of the task, bheir an tidsear dhaibh misneach gu bhith a’ cumail ri adhbhar na h-iomairt. Tasks should have clear, identifiable objectives, tha còir amasan soilleir a bhith aig iomairtean gus an aithnichear iad
6 dreuchd f. And intervening only as necessary to focus the group on their task, agus a’ tighinn a-staigh don chùis a-mhàin an uair a tha e riatanach aire na buidhne a thoirt a dh’ionnsaigh na dreuchd. Both text and task are chosen so that all pupils will be capable of dealing with them, taghar an dà chuid teacsa agus dreuchd gus gun tèid aig a’ chloinn air fad air an làimhseachadh
7 dleastanas m, gen dleastanais, pl dleastanasan. If the first task of schools is to develop language skills, mas e prìomh dhleastanas sgoiltean a bhith ag àrach sgilean cànain
8 expressed with na tha ri dhèanamh. By priming pupils for the task, le bhith a’ deasachadh na cloinne airson na tha ri dhèanamh
9 not expressed. Having an understanding of genre gives writers a valuable aid in the task of communicating effectively, tha tuigse a bhith aca air gnè na chuideachadh luachmhor do luchd-sgrìobhaidh ann a bhith a’ conaltradh gu buadhmhor
tassel n 1 babag f, gen babaig, pl babagan
2 babaid f, pl babaidean
taste n 1 (a) blas m, gen blais
(b) blasad m, gen blasaid
2 roghainn f, pl roghainnean. Pupil tastes and choice will be developed by discussion, gheibh roghainnean agus taghadh chloinne cothrom fàis le beachdachadh
3 miann m. They should be helped to develop their own tastes in fiction, is còir an cuideachadh gus am miann fhèin a thaobh ficsean a thoirt gu ìre
4 breithneachadh m, gen breithneachaidh. Whether read aloud to widen experience and taste, co-dhiùbh tha iad air an leughadh a-mach gus leudachadh air fiosrachadh agus air breithneachadh
taste bud n phr gucag f bhlais, pl gucagan blais
taste v tr blais, vn blasad m, blasadh m
tasty a blasta
tautology n ath-bhriathrachas m, gen ath-bhriathrachais
tax n cìs f, gen cìse, pl cìsean. Income tax, cis-chosnaidh
teach v tr 1 teagaisg, vn teagasg m. Many pupils will need to be taught how to disagree, feumaidh mòran den chloinn an teagasg gus a bhith a’ nochdadh easaonta. One method of teaching pupils to deal with mistakes, aon mhodh air clann a theagasg ach mar a dhèiligeas iad ri mearachdan
2 treòraich, vn treòrachadh m. The pupil should be taught to give increasing priority to technical features of the text, tha còir gun treòirichear am pàiste gus am barrachd ’s am barrachd àite a thoirt do nithean teicnigeach an teacsa
3 oidich an, vn oideachadh an. Pupils with physical difficulties may require to be taught the skills necessary, dh’fhaoidte gum bi feum aig cloinn le duilgheadasan bodhaig air oideachadh anns na sgilean a dh’fheumas iad
4 ionnsaich, vn ionnsachadh m. Specialised materials such as being taught Braille, stuthan sònraichte mar tha Braille ionnsachadh. Thus in teaching pupils to tell the first part of a ghost story, mar sin, ann a bhith ag ionnsachadh don chloinn mar a dh’innseas iad a’ chiad phàirt de stòiridh mu thaibhseachan
teaching n teagasg m, gen teagaisg. For teaching of and teaching in gaelic, airson teagasg na Gàidhlig agus teagasg tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig. Such teaching should always be within a meaningful context, tha còir aig a leithid seo de theagasg a bhith daonnan ann an suidheachadh brìoghmhor. Explicit teaching to groups or class will address the needs of pupils, faodaidh teagasg follaiseach air buidhnean no air clas coinneachadh ri feuman na cloinne
teaching mod 1 teagaisg. Teaching approaches, dòighean-teagaisg. No learning or teaching activity has these elements tidily separated, chan eil na h-earrainnean seo air an sgaradh gu rèidh ann an gnìomh ionnsachaidh no gnìomh teagaisg sam bith. Teaching resources, goireasan-teagaisg
2 ionnsachaidh. The teacher should also take this as a teaching opportunity, bu chòir don tidsear cothrom-ionnsachaidh a dhèanamh dheth
3 airson teagaisg. Teaching and learning approaches, dòighean freagarrach airson teagaisg agus ionnsachaidh
teaching approach n phr dòigh-theagaisg f, pl dòighean-teagaisg. Teaching approaches, tasks and experiences will motivate and support pupils, bidh a’ chlann air an gluasad le dòighean-teagaisg, le obair agus le fiosrachadh, agus a’ faotainn taice bhuapa
teacher n 1 tidsear m, gen tidseir, pl tidsearan. It will help teachers to plan their teaching, cuidichidh i tidsearan gu bhith a’ deasachadh an cuid teagaisg. The teacher’s role is that of participant member, ’s e àite an tidseir a bhith a’ gabhail pàirt mar bhall den bhuidhinn
2 (a) neach-teagaisg m, pl luchd-teagaisg. Teachers are therefore urged to use the attainment targets, mar sin, thàtar a’ cur ìmpidh air luchd-teagaisg na cuimsean coileanaidh a chleachdadh. Through talking with peers, teachers and other adults, tro bhith a’ còmhradh le co-aoisean, luchd-teagaisg agus inbhich eile
(b) (male) fear-teagaisg m, gen & pl fir-theagaisg
(c) (female) bean-teagaisg f, gen mnà-teagaisg, pl mnathan-teagaisg
teacher mod 1 tidseir. Teacher support will be less evident, cha bhi taice tidseir cho follaiseach
2 expressed with on tidsear. With teacher support, le taice on tidsear. But still with some teacher support, ach fhathast le tomhas de thaice on tidsear
3 expressed with an tidsear. Teacher modelling of words and phrases, an tidsear a’ toirt eisimpleir le faclan ’s abairtean. This will be aided by discussion, with appropriate teacher intervention, cuidichidh beachdachadh le seo, agus an tidsear a’ tighinn a-staigh mar a bhitheas sin freagarrach
4 expressed with le tidsear. Such work can be group/class/teacher discussion, faodaidh obair den t-seòrsa seo gabhail a-steach beachdachadh le buidhinn/clas/tidsear
5 expressed with on neach-teagaisg. Find, with teacher support, an item of information, a’ lorg, le taice on neach-teagaisg pìos fiosrachaidh
teak n tèac f
• tìoc m
team n buidheann m & f, gen buidhne, dat f buidhinn, pl buidhnean, buidhnichean
tear n deur m, gen & pl deòir
tear n sracadh m, gen sracaidh, pl sracaidhean
tear v tr 1 srac, vn sracadh m
2 reub, vn reubadh m
torn a 1 sracte
2 reubte
tear-off a stiallach. Tear-off slip, bileag stiallach
technical a 1 teicneolach, comp teicneolaich. Technical terms, briathran teicneolach. Technical language, cainnt theicneolach. And also some of the technical terms of literature and the mass media, agus cuideachd àireamh de na briathran teicneolach a bhuineas do litreachas agus do na mòr mheadhain
2 teicnigeach, comp teicnigich. The pupil should be taught to give increasing priority to technical features of the text, tha còir gun treòirichear am pàiste gus am barrachd ’s am barrachd àite a thoirt do nithean teicnigeach an teacsa. An ability to apply technical devices of communication, comas air modhan conaltraidh teicnigeach a chur an greim. A technical revolution, iom-chuartachadh teicnigeach
3 eagair. It is inevitable that that the terminology of the word, sentence and punctuation will be introduced as the technical terms by which teacher and pupil can discuss such matters, chan eil rian nach bi ainmeachas an fhacail, an t-seantans agus a’ phungaidh gan toirt am follais mar na h-ainmean-eagair leis am faod an tidsear agus am pàiste beachdachadh air nithean den t-seòrsa seo
4 not expressed. Teachers need to introduce pupils to the grammatical, literary and other technical terms of language, feumaidh na tidsearan a’ chlann a chur an aithne nam briathran cànain a bhuineas do ghràmar, do litreachas agus an leithid sin
technician n teicniche m, pl teicnichean
technique n 1 dòigh f, pl dòighean. A variety of techniques will be found helpful in this process, tha caochladh dhòighean ann a bhitheas feumail anns an iomairt seo. Self-correction techniques, dòighean fèin-cheartachaidh. Pupils will explore through wide reading a variety of models of stylistic techniques, bidh a’ chlann a’ rannsachadh tro leughadh farsaing caochladh eisimpleirean de dhòighean stoighle
2 dòigh f obrach, pl dòighean obrach. As texts become more complex the teacher needs to deploy a widening range of techniques, mar as ioma-fhillte a tha teacsaichean a’ fàs, ’s ann as motha a dh’fheumas an tidsear a chleachdadh de dhòighean obrach
3 modh m, pl modhan. Growing independence in the analysis of the choices that have to be made and the techniques by which these can be achieved, fàs ann an neo-eisimeileachd ann an eadar-sgaradh air na roghainnean a dh’fheumar a dhèanamh agus na modhan leis an ruigear orra seo
4 modh-cànain m, pl modhan-cànain. Pupils are expected to show awareness of technique through skilled deployment of appropriate stylistic devices, thàtar a’ sùileachadh gum bi a’ chlann a’ nochdadh mothachaidh air modh-cànain anns a bheil cleachdadh sgileil air nithean iomchaidh a bhuineas do stoidhle
5 modh-obrach m, pl modhan-obrach. In order to offer comment on author’s technique and particular effects, gus beachd a thoirt seachad air modh-obrach an ùghdair agus air buaidhean sònraichte na obair
6 alt m, gen & pl uilt
technological a teicneolasach, comp teicneolasaich
technologist n teicneolaiche m, pl teicneolaichean
technology n teicneolas m, gen teicneolais. Curricular dimensions such as information technology, cùisean a’ chlàir-theagaisg mar tha teicneolas fiosrachaidh. Activities such as exploring technology, gnìomhan mar a bhith a’ rannsachadh teicneòlais
high technology product n phr bathar m àrd-theicneolach, gen bathair àrd-theicneolaich
telecommunications n tele-choluadar m, gen tele-choluadair
telegraph n telegraf m
telephone n fòn. On the telephone, air a’ fòn or air an fhòn
telephone box n phr bogsa-fòn m, pl bogsaichean-fòn; or bocas-fòn m, gen & pl bocais-f`on
telephone number n phr àireamh-fòn f, gen àireimh-fòn, pl àireamhan-fòn
teleprinter n tele-chlobhualadair m, pl tele-chlobhualadairean
telescope n 1 glainn-amhairc f, pl glainneachan-amhairc
2 prosbaig f, pl prosbaigean
teletext n teleteacsa m. Databases, spreadsheets, teletext, view data, and multimedia applications generally, stòir-dhàta, duilleagan-sgaoilte, teleteacsa, lèir-dàta agus innleachdan ioma-mheadhanach anns an fharsaingeachd
television n telebhisean m, gen telebhisein. A television programme, prògram telebhisein. Making use of radio and television, a’ cleachdadh rèidio agus telebhisean
television mod telebhisein. Television scripts, sgriobtaichean telebhisein. The teacher will help pupils make notes on a radio or TV programme, cuidichidh an tidsear a’ chlann gus notaichean a dhèanamh air prògram rèidio no telebhisein
television set n phr telebhisean m. Access to equipment such as radio and television sets, cothrom air uidheam mar tha rèidio is telebhisean
tell v tr 1 innis, vn innse f. New effects can be achieved by showing pupils how the story may be told in role, ruigear air buaidhean ùra le bhith a’ sealltainn don chloinn mar a dh’fhaodar an stòiridh innse ann an riochd neach eile
2 aithris, vn aithris f. Pupils will be encouraged to tell or re-tell stories, bithear a’ misneachadh na cloinne gu bhith ag aithris no ag ath-aithris stòiridhean
3 abair, vn ràdh m. The teacher might tell them that they must make the setting eerie enough to make the readers’ spines creep, dh’fhaodadh an tidsear a ràdh riutha gum feum iad an t-àite a dhèanamh cho uamhalta ’s gun cuir e gaoir ann am feòil an luchd-leughaidh
4 (a) expressed with bi plus fios m aig. You can tell what each building is by looking for clues, ma choimhdeas tu airson sanasan bidh fhios agad dè a th’ anns gach togalach
(b) expressed with fios m air. They are still waiting to be told their destination, tha iad fhathast a’ feitheamh ri fios air an ceann-uidhe
temperature n teothachd f. Average temperature, teothachd chuibheasach. Average mean temperature, teothachd mheadhain chuibheasach
temperature range n phr raon m teothachd, gen raoin teothachd, pl raontan teothachd. Average range of temperature, raon cuibheasach teothachd
template n 1 teamplaid f, pl teamplaidean
2 cumadair m, pl cumadairean
temple n teampall m, gen & pl teampaill
temple n lethcheann m, gen & pl lethchinn
temporal a aimsireil. Spiritual and temporal, spioradail agus aimsireil
tempt v tr buair, vn buaireadh m
temptation n buaireadh m, gen buairidh, pl buairidhean
tempter n buaireadair m, pl buaireadairean
tenant n 1 teanant m, pl teanantan. The land was divided amongst the tenants into crofts, chaidh am fearann a roinn am measg nan teanantan na chroitean
2 neach-aonta m, pl luchd-aonta
tenantry n tuath f, gen tuatha
tendon n 1 teannan m, gen & pl teannain
2 fèith-lùthaidh f, pl fèithean-lùthaidh
3 fèith f, gen fèithe, pl fèithean
tennis n teanas m, gen teanais
tennis court n phr cùirt f theanais, gen cùirte teanais, cùirtean teanais
ten n & a
tens and units n phr deichean agus aonadan
tense n tràth m, pl tràthan. Conditional tense, tràth cumhach. Future tense, tràth teachdail. Immediate tense, tràth aithghearr. Imperfect tense, tràth neo-choileanta. Past tense, tràth caithte. Perfect tense, tràth coileanta. Present tense, tràth làthaireach. Preterite tense, tràth preitiriteach
tense a teann. Tense vowel, fuaimreag theann
tension n teanntachd f. Surface tension, teanntachd uachdair
tent n 1 teant f, pl teantaichean
2 puball m, gen pubaill, pl puballan
tentacle n greimiche m, pl greimichean
tenth n deicheamh m, gen deicheimh, pl deicheamhan
teratogenic a tearataigineach
teratogenicity n tearataigineachd f
term n 1 briathar m, pl briathran. Sound is a general term for use in discussion, ’s e briathar coitcheann a tha ann am fuaim gus a chleachdadh ann am beachdachadh. This will include a selection of terms referring to the words of the language, an lùib seo bidh taghadh de bhriathran a bhuineas do dh’fhaclan na cànain. The terms included in this strand, na briathran a tha air an cleachdadh anns an èill seo. Teachers need to introduce pupils to the grammatical, literary and other technical terms of language, feumaidh na tidsearan a’ chlann a chur an aithne nam briathran cànain a bhuineas do ghràmar, do litreachas agus an leithid sin
2 ainm m, pl ainmean. Mass media is a term useful in categorizing texts, tha na mòr mheadhain na ainm feumail ann a bhith a’ seòrsadh theacsaichean. Fiction and non-fiction will be terms used as pupils’ familiarity with types of text increases, ’s e ainmean a tha ann am ficsean agus fìorsgeul a bhithear a’ cleachdadh mar a bhitheas eòlas na cloinne air seòrsachan theacsa a’ meudachadh. Setting and motives are additional terms which will be used in considering texts, tha suidheachadh agus rùintean nan ainmean a bharrachd a bhithear gan cleachdadh ann am beachdachadh air teacsaichean. The technical terms by which teacher and pupil can discuss such matters, na h-ainmean-eagair leis am faod an tidsear agus am pàiste beachdachadh air nithean den t-seòrsa seo
3 facal m, gen facail, pl faclan. Show that they know, understand and can use at least the following terms, a’ nochdadh gur aithne dhaibh, gun tuig iad agus gun cleachd iad co-dhiù na faclan a leanas
4 ràdh m, pl ràdhan. Pupils will discuss terms associated with knowledge about language, bidh a’ chlann a’ beachdachadh air ràdhan a bhuineas do dh’eòlas air cànain
5 tèarm m, teirm f. Halfway through the term, leitheach slighe tron tèarm
6 not expressed. Pupils will be able to describe in simple terms people, things and places, thèid aig a’ chloinn air iomraidhean sìmplidh a dhèanamh air daoine, air nithean agus air fiosraichidhean. Pupils will be able to describe in more extended terms people, things and places, thèid aig a’ chloinn air iomraidhean nas fhaide a dhèanamh air daoine, air nithean agus air fiosraichidhean. “Genre” is a term used to describe a property of texts, that each text belongs to a group, or set, of texts with which it shares common features, tha “Gnè” air a chleachdadh gus iomradh a dhèanamh air nàdar theacsaichean, a’ comharrachadh gum buin a h-uile teacsa do bhuidheann theacsaichean agus gu bheil dòighean anns a bheil e coltach riutha sin
in simple terms adv phr expressed with sìmplidh a. Pupils will be able to describe in simple terms people, things and places, thèid aig a’ chloinn air iomraidhean sìmplidh a dhèanamh air daoine, air nithean agus air fiosraichidhean
in terms adv phr ann an dòigh. This enables teacher and pupil to monitor progress in terms they both understand, tha seo a’ toirt cothroim don tidsear agus don phàisde sùil a chumail air adhartas ann an dòigh a thuigeas iad le chèile
in terms of prep phr 1 mar. The rationale describes the main features of the Gaelic curriculum in terms of the four broad attainment outcomes, tha an Fheallsanachd a’ toirt cunntais air na prìomh nithean a bhuineas do chlàr-teagaisg na Gàidhlig mar cheithir builean coileanaidh farsaing
2 a thaobh or a thaobh ’s. Discussion of author’s style, in terms of character depiction, beachdachadh air stoidhle an ùghdair a thaobh mar a tha e a’ cur pearsa an cèill. Sentence structures can be discussed in terms of how they create meaning, faodar beachdachadh air cumaidhean sheantansan a thaobh ’s mar a tha iad a’ cruthachadh brìgh
3 not directly expressed. Development will continue in terms of maturity and variety of text, bidh teacsaichean a’ fàs nas caochlaidiche agus nas adhartaiche. Pupils should be helped to identify with characters and to comment in terms of their behaviour and reasons, tha còir a’ chlann a chuideachadh gus a bhith a’ dlùthachadh ris na pearsachan agus a bhith a’ toirt tarraing air an giùlan ’s air an adhbhair
long term a phr fad-aimsireil
in the long term adv phr anns an fhad-aimsir
short term a phr geàrr-aimsireil
in the short term adv phr anns a’ gheàrr-aimsir. In the short term, legislation for Gaelic education should be improved, anns a’ gheàrr-aimsir, bu chòir gum bitheadh an lagh a thaobh foghlaim Ghàidhlig air a leasachadh
terminal n 1 ceann-uidhe m, pl cinn-uidhe. Bus terminal, ceann-uidhe bhusaichean
2 ceann-obrach m, gen & pl cinn-obrach. Computer terminals, cinn-obrach choimpiutair
terminal building n phr togalach-uidhe m, gen togalaich-uidhe, pl togalaichean-uidhe
terminal a
terminal moraine n phr morain f chrìche, pl morainean crìche
terminate v i crìochnaich, vn crìochnachadh m
termination n deireadh m, gen deiridh, pl deiridhean. Terminations of the verb, deiridhean a’ ghnìomhair
terminology n 1 briathrachas m. Abstract terminology, briathrachas easchruthach. Without explicit knowledge of rules and terminology, gun eòlas follaiseach air riaghailtean agus briathrachas. Most of the words they need to use, including specialist terminology, a’ mhòrchuid de na faclan a tha iad ag iarraidh a chleachdadh, agus sin a’ cunntas briathrachais shònraichte
2 ainmeachas m, gen ainmeachais. It is inevitable that that the terminology of the word, sentence and punctuation will be introduced, chan eil rian nach bi ainmeachas an fhacail, an t-seantans agus a’ phungaidh gan toirt am follais
terrace n barraid f, gen barraide, pl barraidean. The gardens behind the terrace, na gàrraidhean air cùlaibh na barraid. Burnside Terrace, Barraid Taoibh an Uillt
terrace v tr
terraced a barraide. A row of terraced houses, sreath de thaighean barraide
terrier n abhag f, gen abhaig, pl abhagan, or abhag m, gen & pl abhaig
like a terrier a phr expressed with abhagach, comp abhagaiche
tertiary a 1 treasacha
2 (education) colaiste. The use of Gaelic in nursery, primary, secondary and tertiary education in Scotland, cleachdadh na Gàidhlig ann am foghlam ro-sgoile, bun-sgoile, àrd-sgoile agus colaiste ann an Alba
tertiary industry n phr 1 treasacha gnìomhachas m, gen & pl treasacha gnìomhachais
2 leas-ghnìomhachas m, gen & pl leas-ghnìomhachais
3 gnìomhachas m seirbheis, gen & pl gnìomhachais sheirbheis
test n deuchainn f, pl deuchainnean. Fair test, deuchainn chothromach. They may use reading tests or other measurement devices, faodaidh iad deuchainnean leughaidh no innleachdan tomhais eile a chleachdadh. Where national tests are taken in Gaelic there will be a report on the results of these tests, far a bheil deuchainnean nàiseanta gan gabhail sa Ghàidhlig, bidh iomradh air mar a thèid don chloinn annta
test v tr 1 dèan deuchainn air, vn dèanamh deuchainn air
2 expressed with mar dheuchainn air cho math ’s. Examples might be short written responses, testing understanding of what has been heard, mar eisimpleir, dh’fhaodadh freagairtean sgrìobhte goirid a bhith ann mar dheuchainn air cho math ’s a thuigeadh nì a chaidh a chluinntinn
testicle n 1 magairle m, pl magairlean
2 clach f, gen cloiche, pl clachan
testosterone n 1 teastostaroin f
2 brodag f nam magairlean, gen brodaig nam magairlean
tetrahedron n teatraihèadran m, gen & pl teatraihèadrain
text n 1 teacsa m, pl teacsaichean. The word “text” denotes the unit of language that is being studied, tha am facal “teacsa” a’ ciallachadh an aonaid chànain a thàtar a’ sgrùdadh. The study of genre helps pupils to see how the form and content of distinctive types of texts reflect their underlying purposes, cuidichidh beachdachadh air gnè a’ chlann gu bhith a’ tuigsinn mar tha cruth sheòrsachan àraidh de theacsaichean, agus na bheil annta, a’ comharrachadh nan adhbhar a tha air an cùl. Pupils will listen individually and in groups so as to respond to speakers and texts, bidh sgoilearan ag èisteachd an dà chuid fa leth agus nam buidhnean ach am freagair iad ri luchd-bruidhne agus ri teacsaichean. The text may be, for example, a poem, an illustrated page from a children’s book, or a spoken message, mar eisimpleirean de theacsaichean tha dàn, duilleag le dealbh bho leabhar chloinne, no teachdaireachd bheòil
2 ceann-teagaisg m, gen & pl cinn-theagaisg. The prime minister had a rather peculiar text last night, ’s e ceann-teagaisg caran neònach a bha aig a’ phrìomhaire a-raoir
text-based a air suidheachadh air teacsa. Themes, topics, projects, or text-based studies, cuspairean no pròiseactan no obair a tha air an suidheachadh air teacsa
textbook n leabhar m, gen leabhair, pl leabhraichean. In older textbooks and methods, anns na seann leabhraichean agus leis na seann dòighean-teagaisg
textile n 1 aodach m fighte, gen aodaich fhighte, pl aodaichean fighte
2 adhbhar m aodaich, gen & pl adhbhair aodaich
textile mod aodaich fhighte. The textile industry, gnìomhachas an aodaich fhighte
textiles n pl obair-aodaich f
textual a 1 teacsail. Other textual markers, comharraidhean teacsail eile. Textual criticism, breithneachadh teacsail
2 teacsa. In order to recognise and appreciate textual conventions, gus cleachdaidhean teacsa aithneachadh agus meas a chur orra
3 anns an teacsa. By scanning and using textual cues, le leughadh aithghearr agus le bhith a’ cleachdadh chomharraidhean anns an teacsa
4 theacsaichean. Paragraph is a further feature of textual organisation, tha paragraf a-rithist ri fhaotainn ann an òrdanachadh theacsaichean
5 a bhuineas do theacsaichean. Such reading will help pupils become familiar with textual features, bidh leughadh den t-seòrsa seo na chuideachadh don chloinn gus eòlas a chur air nithean a bhuineas do theacsaichean
6 co-cheangailte ri teacsaichean. Pupils will recognise and appreciate textual conventions, bidh a’ chlann ag aithneachadh chleachdaidhean co-cheangailte ri teacsaichean agus a’ dèanamh meas orra
texture n 1 eadar-fhigheachd f
2 inneach m, gen innich
3 co-dhèanamh m, gen co-dhèanaimh
not expressed. To help pupils see the need for filling out the texture of stories, gus a’ chlann a chuideachadh gus faicinn gum feum stòiridhean a bhith air an leudachadh a-mach
Thai pr n 1 Thaitheach m, gen & pl Thaithich
2 (language) Thai f
Thai a Thaitheach
Thailand pr n Dùthaich nan Thaitheach, gen Dùthcha nan Thaitheach
than conj 1 na. For these pupils reading and writing will usually start later than for fluent speakers of Gaelic, bidh a’ chlann sin nas fhaide gun tòiseachadh air leughadh ’s air sgrìobhadh, anns a’ chumantas, na feadhainn a tha fileanta sa Ghàidhlig
2 na plus repeated v. It is likely that these pupils will make more rapid progress than those whose experience of Gaelic is set within less favourable social circumstances, bidh a h-uile coltas gun tig piseach nas luaithe air a’ chloinn seo na thig orrasan a tha a’ faighinn eòlais air a’ Ghàidhlig ann an suidhichidhean sòisealta nach eil cho fàbharach
thankful a buidheach, comp buidhiche
thank v tr
thank God v phr expressed with buidheachas do Dhia
thanks n buidheachas m, gen buidheachais
that, those dem pron 1 iad sin
2 iadsan. The teacher will identify those with hearing and speech problems, cuiridh an tidsear aithne orrasan aig a bheil trioblaidean claisneachd is bruidhne
3 an fheadhainn f, gen na feadhainn or na feadhnach. They will encourage pupils to talk in Gaelic, including those who are fluent speakers, misnichidh iad a’ chlann gu bhith a’ labhairt anns a’ Ghàidhlig, agus sin a’ cunntadh na feadhainn a tha fileanta. Discussions will take account of the views and attitudes of those involved in the texts, bidh beachdachadh a’ coimhead ri barail agus sealladh na feadhnach a tha a’ gabhail pàirt anns na teacsaichean
4 expressed with repeated n. By comparing their reactions to those of classmates, le bhith a’ coimeas am beachdan fhèin ri beachdan chàich anns a’ chlas. To make comparisons and contrasts between their own experiences and those depicted in the text, gu bhith a’ coimeas an fhiosrachaidh aca fhèin agus an fhiosrachaidh a tha air a chur a-mach anns na teacsaichean, agus a’ dèanamh eadar-dhealachaidh eatarra
that rel pron 1 a, etc
2 expressed with mar plus pron plus sin. Teachers retain scope and responsibility to choose forms and criteria for assessment that best fit their own programmes, tha fhathast cothrom aig tidsearan, agus uallach orra cuideachd, a bhith a’ taghadh mhodhan agus comharraidhean measaidh mar as fheàrr a fhreagras iad sin air na prògraman aca fhèin
3 new clause or sentence used. Others may have pronounced difficulties that require the opening of an individual Record of Needs, airson feadhainn eile aig a bheil duilgheadasan follaiseach, feumar Clàr Fheuman fhosgladh dhaibh fa leth
that dem a sin. The nature of that offered knowledge has also changed in recent practice, o chionn goirid tha caochladh air a thighinn air an dòigh anns a bheilear a’ tairgse an eòlais sin
2 ud. That poem made me happy, thug an dàn ud toileachadh dhomh
that conj gu, gun, gum, gur. He said that he would come, thuirt e gun tigeadh e. Pupils should learn that in preparing a talk they must bear in mind the purpose of the audience, tha còir aig a’ chloinn ionnsachadh an uair a tha iad a’ dol an sàs nan cuid obair-labhairt gum feum iad cuimhne a chumail air adhbhar an luchd-èisteachd
so … that adv phr, see sv so adv
that … not conj phr nach. He said that he would not come, thuirt e nach tigeadh e
thaw n aiteamh m, gen aiteimh
thaw I v i 1 dèan aiteamh, vn dèanamh aiteimh. The day is thawing, tha an latha a’ dèanamh aiteimh
2 thig plus reothadh à. The fish thawed, thàinig an reothadh às an iasg
II thaw v tr 1 leagh. I thawed the snow, leagh mi an sneachd
2 thoir an reothadh à, vn toirt an reothaidh à. She thawed the meat, thug i an reothadh às an fheòil
the def art 1 an, etc
2 expressed without art in Gaelic. Helping them to go beyond the simple statement, gan cuideachadh gus a dhol thairis air ràdh sìmplidh
3 expressed with dè plus an, etc. To study the effects of the relationship between sound and vision, a bhith a’ rannsachadh dè a’ bhuaidh a tha aig an dàimh eadar fuaim is fradharc
4 expressed with na etc. When pupils are themselves the audience for a performance or programme, an uair a tha a’ chlann fhèin nan luchd-amais air iomairt no air prògram
5 expressed with poss pron. The writer’s familiarity with the target readership, an t-eòlas a tha aig an sgrìobhadair air a luchd-amais
the … the … a phr expressed with mar as … ’s ann as. The later the start the more intensive the programme, mar as fhaide a thàtar gun tòiseachadh ’s ann as dèine am prògram-obrach. Clearly, the more able the pupil the greater become the opportunities for such assessment, tha e soilleir mar as comasaiche am pàiste gur ann as motha an cothrom air a leithid sin de mheasadh
theatre n 1 taigh-cluiche m, gen taigh-chluiche, pl taighean-cluiche. Visits from companies or excursions to the theatre are obvious ways of involving pupils with drama, dòighean follaiseach gus clann a chur an lùib dràma ’s e companaidhean a bhith a’ tadhal, no a’ chlann fhèin a bhith a’ dol don taigh-chluiche
2 amharc-lann f, gen amharc-lainn, pl amharc-lannan
theatre mod dràma. Modern theatre groups should be welcomed to the school, bu chòir buidhnean-dràma an latha an-diugh fhàilteachadh san sgoil
theft n braid f, gen braide
their poss pron 1 an, am. Their father and mother, an athair is am màthair. àmhghar, àmhghair m, gen àmhghair, pl àmhgharan, àmhghairean To enhance their linguistic competence and social confidence, gus an comas cànain agus am misneach am measg dhaoine a chur am feobhas
2 an cuid (plus gen). Which give them an interesting purpose for their listening, a bheir dhaibh adhbhar inntinneach airson an cuid èisteachd. To help them understand their own progress, gus an cuideachadh gu an cuid adhartais fhèin a thuigsinn
thematic a 1 cuspair. For purposes related to thematic work, airson adhbhar co-cheangailte ri obair-chuspair
2 cuspaireil
theme n 1 cuspair m, pl cuspairean. Show that they understand the following terms: theme, character, a’ nochdadh gun tuig iad na faclan a leanas: cuspair, pearsa. In any particular learning activity such as a theme, or topic, or unit study, ann an gnìomh ionnsachaidh àraidh mar tha cuspair, mion-chuspair no aonad oideachaidh. Themes, topics, projects, or text-based studies, cuspairean no pròiseactan no obair a tha air an suidheachadh air teacsa
2 (music) ùrlar m, gen & pl ùrlair
3 (grammar, vs rheme) stèidh f, gen stèidhe, pl stèidhean. Theme and rheme, stèidh agus earball
then adv 1 (a) an sin. Ideas which can then be used in writing, bun-bheachdan, a ghabhas an sin an cleachdadh ann an sgrìobhadh
(b) agus an-sin. First with isolated words and phrases, then with more open-ended talk, anns a’ chiad àite le faclan agus abairtean fa leth, agus an-sin le còmhradh a tha nas fosgailte
2 an uair sin. We shall see Mary first and then we shall see Donald, chì sinn Màiri an toiseach agus an uair sin chì sinn Dòmhnall
3 a-rèist
4 not directly expressed. If the first task of schools is to develop language skills, then it is equally necessary to develop an awareness of the richness of the culture, mas e prìomh dhleastanas sgoiltean a bhith ag àrach sgilean cànain, tha e a-cheart cho riatanach mothachadh àrach air cho saidhbhir ’s a tha an dualchas
theoretical a teòraidheil
theory n teòraidh f, pl teòraidhean. Theory of language, teòraidh chànain
there adv 1 an sin, a sin, ann an sin, ann an shin
2 an siod, a siod, ann an siod, ann an shiod
thereafter adv as a dhèidh sin. Thereafter, as a new story is begun, as a dhèidh sin, an uair a bhithear a’ tòiseachadh air sgeulachd ùir
therefore adv 1 (a) mar sin. Teachers are therefore urged to use the attainment targets, mar sin, thàtar a’ cur ìmpidh air luchd-teagaisg na cuimsean coileanaidh a chleachdadh. This building is more rectangular in shape and therefore likely to be more recent, tha an togalach seo air chumadh nas ceart-cheàrnaiche agus mar sin is dòcha gum buin e do dh’àm nas fhaisg oirnn
(b) mar sin dheth. Business has, therefore, come to value Gaelic, mar sin dheth, tha luchd-gnothaich air a thighinn gu bhith a’ cur luach air a’ Ghàidhlig. They will, therefore, be taught through Gaelic, mar sin dheth, is ann tro Ghàidhlig a bhithear gan teagasg
2 ma-tà. For these pupils reading and writing will, therefore, usually start later than for fluent speakers of Gaelic, bidh a’ chlann sin, ma-tà, nas fhaide gun tòiseachadh air leughadh ’s air sgrìobhadh, anns a’ chumantas, na feadhainn a tha fileanta sa Ghàidhlig. As a general principle, therefore, pupils should have the opportunity to participate in the full range of experiences offered by Gaelic, is prionnsabal coitcheann e, ma-tà, gum bu chòir an cothrom a bhith aig cloinn a bhith a’ gabhail pàirt anns a h-uile aon fhiosrachadh a tha a’ Ghàidhlig a’ tairgse
therm n tearm f, pl tearman
thermal n tearmail f, pl tearmailean. Riding on the thermals, a’ seòladh air na tearmailean
thermal a 1 tearmach. Thermal pollution, truaillidheachd thearmach
2 fìor-bhlàth. Thermal underwear, fo-aodach fìor-bhlàth
thermometer n teas-mheidh f, pl teas-mheidhean
thesaurus n 1 briathrachan m, gen & pl briathrachain. Words will be located in dictionary or thesaurus, gheibhear lorg air faclan ann am faclair no ann am briathrachan
2 teasaras m, gen & pl teasarais
thesis n 1 teusas f, gen teusais, pl teusasan
2 tràchdas m, gen & pl tràchdais. A PhD thesis, tràchdas PhD
3 argumaid f, pl argumaidean
they pron 1 iad
2 expressed with impersonal v. I always saw that they were taking too much out of him, bha mi a’ faicinn a-riamh gu robhar a’ toirt cus às
thick a tiugh, comp tighe
thick adv 1 gu tiugh
2 a thighead. Three inches thick, trì òirlich a thighead. The walls of this building are about 1.5m thick, tha ballachan an togalaich seo mu 1.5m a thighead
thicket n doire m (dùmhail), pl doireachan (dùmhail)
thickness n tighead m, gen tigheid
thief n braidean m, gen & pl braidein
thieve v tr
thieving a bradach, comp bradaiche
thin a tana, comp taine
thing n 1 nì m, pl nithean. Simple descriptions of people, things and places, iomraidhean sìmplidh mu dhaoine, mu nithean agus mu àiteachan
2 (generally with v expressing speech) biùg m. She didn’t say a thing, cha tubhairt i biùg
think v tr & i 1 smaoinich, vn smaoineachadh m. To develop their capacities to communicate, think, feel and make through Gaelic, gus leasachadh a dhèanamh air an cuid chomasan co-luadair, smaoineachaidh, faireachdainn, agus cruthachaidh anns a’ Ghàidhlig. It cannot be assumed that children will have acquired the necessary skills of concentrating, thinking about and recalling what they hear and see by the time they enter P1, chan urrainn dhuinn a bhith cinnteach gum bi clann air na sgilean èiseil a thogail ron am a thig iad a-steach do B1 — ’s e sin a bhith a’ leagail an inntinnean air nithean sònraichte, agus a bhith a’ smaoineachadh agus a’ cuimhneachadh air na chluinneas ’s na chì iad
2 expressed with meas, vn meas m. It was once thought desirable to start with the smaller units of language, bha latha ann a bhàtar a’ meas gun robh e riatanach tòiseachadh leis na h-aonadan-cànain beaga. For the sake of completeness we thought it suitable to include it here, air sgàth na h-iomlanachd mheas sinn iomchaidh a chur am measg a’ chorra an seo
3 expressed with smuain f, pl smuaintean. Talking helps us sort out what we think, tha a bhith a’ labhairt gar cuideachadh gus rian a chur air ar smuaintean
4 expressed with beachd m. Respond in a way that shows some awareness of what the author thinks about them, a’ freagairt ann an dòigh a tha a’ nochdadh na h-uiread de mhothachadh air beachd an ùghdair orra
5 ar v def. I think, methinks, I thought ar leam. She thinks, she thought, ar leatha
thinking n 1 smaoineachadh m, gen smaoineachaidh. They will support and promote the growth of thinking and feeling, bidh iad a’ neartachadh agus a’ leasachadh fàs ann an smaoineachadh agus ann am faireachadh. Listening has implications for speech development and thinking, tha buaidh aig èisteachd air leasachadh cainnte agus air smaoineachadh
2 smuain f. By developing thinking and feeling, le bhith a’ toirt smuain agus faireachdainn gu ìre. Teachers should encourage thinking and shared ideas, is còir do thidsearan a bhith a’ brosnachadh smuain agus bun-bheachdan ann an co-phàirt
3 expressed with bi a’ smaoineachadh. To help thinking about structure, gus cuideachadh le bhith a’ smaoineachadh air dealbhachadh
thinker n expressed with smaoinich v, vn smaoineachadh. Give pupils increasing scope to become independent thinkers and learners, an tuilleadh ’s an tuilleadh cothroim a thoirt don chloinn gus a bhith a’ smaoineachadh agus ag ionnsachadh air an ceann fhèin
third n treas earrann f, gen treas earrainn, pl treas earrannan; tritheamh earrann f, gen tritheamh earrainn, pl tritheamh earrannan
third a 1 treasa or treas. Third person, an treasa pearsa. Words will be located in dictionary or thesaurus, using second or third letters, gheibhear lorg air faclan ann am faclair no ann am briathrachan, a’ cleachdadh na dàrna no na treasa litreach. An apprenticeship for the acquisition of a third language, oileanachadh airson an treas cànain a thogail
2 tritheamh
third person n phr an treasa pearsa, an treas pearsa. The third person plural, an treas pearsa iomarra
third person mod anns an treasa pearsa. Effects created by first or third person narrative, buaidhean a tha mar thoradh air seanchas anns a’ chiad no an treasa pearsa
thirdly adv anns an treas àite
this, these dem pron 1 iad seo
2 iad sin. Since these are the features of the language, a chionn ’s gur iad sin na comasan cànain. By encouraging their response to these, le bhith gam misneachadh gu bhith a’ coinneachadh riutha sin
this, these dem a 1 seo
2 sin. In order to relate these texts perceptively to their own experience, gus na teacsaichean sin a cho-chur gu lèirsinneach ri an cuid fiosrachaidh fhèin
3 a leithid seo. This approach should have the dual aim of introducing pupils to a variety of topics and of familiarising them with new language, tha dà amas aig a leithid seo de dhòigh-obrach: a’ chlann a chur an aithne caochladh chuspairean, agus eòlas a thoirt dhaibh air cànain ùir. In these longer discussions the teacher’s role is that of participant member, tha a leithid seo de cho-bheachdachadh nas fhaide agus ’s e àite an tidseir a bhith a’ gabhail pàirt mar bhall den bhuidhinn
4 a tha an-seo. The pupils should be alerted to these differences, bu chòir a’ chlann a chur nam faireachadh mu na h-eadar-dhealachaidhean a tha an-seo
thistle n
thistle mod (botany) cluarain. Thistle broomrape, mùchag chluarain
thither adv 1 a-null
2 a-nunn
hither and thither adv phr a-null is a-nall
thole-pin n (of dinghy) putag f, gen putaig, pl putagan
piece of timber around the thole-pins n phr bac m, pl baic. “Baic” are pieces around the thole-pins to keep the gunwale from wearing, ’s e th’ anns na baic, pìosan timcheall air na putagan airson am beul a chumail bho chaitheamh
thorn n 1 dealg f, gen deilg, pl dealgan
2 bior m, gen biora, pl bioran
3 gath m, pl gathan
thorn-bush (hawthorn bush) n preas m sgitheich, gen & pl pris sgitheich
thorough a
thoroughly adv gu math. Now wash your hands thoroughly, a-nis glan do làmhan gu math
thought n smuain f, pl smuaintean. Habits of thought and feeling, cleachdaidhean ann an smuain agus ann am faireachdainn
train of thought n phr expressed with smuaineachadh m, gen smuaineachaidh. To help pupils build up an easy flow which will not hamper the train of thought, clann a chuideachadh gus dòigh shaor shiùbhlach a thogail nach cuir bacadh air smuaineachadh
thousand n mìle m, pl mìltean. The graph shows how many thousands of things customers bought each day, tha an graf a’ sealltainn cia mheud mìle rud a cheannaich daoine gach latha
thousand a mìle
thrash v tr 1 stiall, vn stialladh m. I’ll thrash them, stiallaidh mi iad
2 slac, vn slacadh m
thrashing n stialladh m, gen stiallaidh. They deserved a thrashing, thoill iad an stialladh
threat n bagairt f, pl bagairtean
threaten v tr bagair, vn bagairt f, bagradh f
threatened a expressed with bagradh m, gen bagraidh. We hope that groups will not feel discouraged or threatened in any way by the introduction of this policy, tha sinn an dòchas nach bi am poileasaidh na adhbhar mì-mhisnich no bagraidh air chor sam bith do bhuidhnean
thresh v tr buail, vn bualadh m
threshold n stairsneach f, gen stairsnich, pl stairsnichean
throat n amhach f, gen amhaiche, pl amhaichean. A sore throat, amhach ghoirt. There is something in my throat, tha rudeigin nam amhaich
throne n rìgh-chathair f, pl rìgh-chathrach, pl rìgh-chathraichean
through prep 1 tro. Through writing, pupils can define, order and understand ideas, tro sgrìobhadh, thèid aig a’ chloinn air mìneachadh a dhèanamh air bun-bheachdan, air rian a chur orra agus air an tuigsinn. Through control of sentence structure, tro smachd air cumadh sheantansan
2 anns. To develop their capacities to communicate, think, feel and make through Gaelic, gus leasachadh a dhèanamh air an cuid chomasan co-luadair, smaoineachaidh, faireachdainn, agus cruthachaidh anns a’ Ghàidhlig
3 le. Through these experiences extend pupils’ understanding, a’ leudachadh leis na fiosraichidhean seo air tuigse na cloinne. The meaning of new words and phrases should usually be indicated through visual cues, bu chòir brìgh fhaclan ùra agus abairtean ùra a chur an cèill le comharraidhean a chithear. Through role-play or real situations, le bhith a’ dol an riochd eile no le bhith ann an suidhichidhean fìor
4 expressed with o … gu …. They should expect the poem to develop through its verses, bu chòir dùil a bhith aca gum bi an dàn a’ fàs o rann gu rann
5 expressed with a bhith. Rather than through explanation in English, an àite a bhith a’ mìneachadh chùisean ann am Beurla
6 expressed with anns a bheil. Pupils are expected to show awareness of technique through skilled deployment of appropriate stylistic devices, thàtar a’ sùileachadh gum bi a’ chlann a’ nochdadh mothachaidh air modh-cànain anns a bheil cleachdadh sgileil air nithean iomchaidh a bhuineas do stoidhle
7 expressed with mar thoradh air. Pupils will explore more complex and more original forms through exposure to a wider variety of such forms, bidh a’ chlann a’ rannsachadh mhodhan nas ioma-fhillte agus nas bunaitiche mar thoradh air eòlas fhaotainn air barrachd sheòrsachan den leithid seo de mhodhan
throughout adv fad na h-ùine. Throughout, care has been taken to acknowledge the processes which will enable that extension to take place, tha àite air a thoirt gu faiceallach fad na h-ùine do na ceumannan a bheir cothrom don leudachadh sin a bhith a’ tighinn gu buil
throughout prep 1 (a) air feadh (plus gen). A language spoken by people throughout Scotland, cànain a tha daoine a’ bruidhinn air feadh Alba. The bard makes use of a large number of English words throughout it, tha am bàrd a’ dèanamh feum de dh’àireamh mhòr de dh’fhaclan Beurla air fheadh
(b) feadh (plus gen). Throughout S1 and S2, feadh A1 agus A2
2 tro (plus dat). The penultimate syllables rhyme on “a” throughout the whole song, tha na lidean leth-dheireannach a’ dèanamh comhardaidh air “a” tron òran air fad
3 fad (plus gen) … uile. Throughout the primary stages, fad nam bliadhnachan uile sa bhunsgoil
4 o cheann gu ceann de (plus dat). Throughout the school day, o cheann gu ceann de latha na sgoile
5 rè (plus gen). A daily register must be taken at the beginning of each session and be readily available throughout the session, feumar clàradh làitheil a ghabhail aig toiseach gach seisein agus a bhith ri fhaotainn gu furasta rè an t-seisein
thruster n putair m, pl putairean
thunder n tàirneanach m, gen & pl tàirneanaich
thunderbolt n beithir m, gen beathrach, pl beathraichean
thus adv mar sin. Thus in teaching pupils to tell the first part of a ghost story, mar sin, ann a bhith ag ionnsachadh don chloinn mar a sgrìobhas iad a’ chiad phàirt de stòiridh mu thaibhseachan
thwart n (in dinghy) tobhta m, pl tobhtaichean
(thwart) knee n (piece in boat keeping the thwarts in place) ceannchnag f, pl ceannchnagan
thyme n
thyme mod tìme. Thyme broomrape, mùchag thìme
tiara n tiara m, pl tiarathan
Tibet pr n Tibeat f
Tibetan pr n 1 Tibeatach m, gen & pl Tibeataich
2 (language) Tibeatais f
Tibetan a Tibeatach
ticket n 1 tiocaid f, gen tiocaide, pl tiocaidean. Names and addresses of purchasers must be clearly written on each ticket stub, feumaidh ainm agus seòladh an luchd-ceannaich a bhi sgrìobhte gu soilleir air gach sàil tiocaide
2 bileag f, gen bileig, pl bileagan
tidal a siùil-mhara. Tidal power station, stèisean cumhachd siùil-mhara
tidal energy n phr lùth m siùil-mhara, gen lùtha shiùil-mhara
tidal wave n phr 1 (caused by wind and spring tide) tonn-taomaidh m, gen & pl tuinn-taomaidh
2 (familiar = tsunami) tsunami m
tide n 1 seòl-mara m, gen & pl siùil-mhara
2 tìde-mhara f, gen tìde-mara, pl tìdean-mara
ebb tide n phr sruth m tràghaidh, pl sruthan-tràghaidh
flood tide, flowing tide n phr sruth m lìonaidh, pl sruthan lìonaidh
high tide n 1 muir-làn n, gen muir-làin, & adv. It’s high tide, tha e muir-làn or ’s e muir-làn a th’ ann. At the high tide line, aig mullach muir-làin. They built a dyke just above the high-tide line, thog iad gàrradh dìreach os cinn mullach muir-làin
2 làn m, gen làin. There’s a very high tide today, tha làn mór ann an diugh
low tide n phr 1 muir-tràigh n & adv. It’s low tide, tha e muir-tràigh or ’s e muir-tràigh a th’ ann. At the low tide line, aig bun muir-tràigh. They built a fish-weir at the low tide line, thog iad caraidh aig bun muir-tràigh
2 tràigh f, gen traghad. There’s a very low tide today, tha tràigh mhór ann an diugh
neap tide n phr conntraigh f, gen conntraighe, pl conntraighean
spring tide n phr reothart f, gen reothairt, pl reothartan
tidy a sgiobalta
tidily adv 1 gu sgiobalta
2 gu rèidh. No learning or teaching activity has these elements tidily separated, chan eil na h-earrainnean seo air an sgaradh gu rèidh ann an gnìomh ionnsachaidh no gnìomh teagaisg sam bith
tile n leacag f, gen leacaig, pl leacagan
tile v tr
tiling n 1 leacagan f pl
2 (geometry) co-thaobhadh m, gen co-thaobhaidh
tillage n àr m
tilt n 1 aomadh m, gen aomaidh, pl aomaidhean
2 claonadh m, gen claonaidh
tilt v tr & i 1 aom, vn aomadh m
2 claon, vn claonadh m
3 expressed with claonadh m, gen claonaidh. These rocks have been only gently tilted over millions of years, cha d’fhuair na creagan seo ach beagan claonaidh tro na milleanan de bhliadhnachan
timber n 1 fiodh m, gen fiodha
2 fiodhrach m, gen fiodhraich
time n 1 ùine f. The relative proportion of time allocated to Gaelic and English language, a’ chuibhreann ùine a thàtar a’ cur mu choinneamh na Gàidhlig agus na Beurla. Time allocation, cuibhreann ùine. Much time at the early stages should be spent on play, tha còir mòran ùine aig toiseach gnothaich a chur seachad a’ cluich. For much of the time, fad mòran ùine. How much time does he have in the morning? dè an ùine a bhitheas aige anns a’ mhadainn? Groups should be able to work independently much of the time, tha còir gum bitheadh buidhnean comasach air obair a dhèanamh air an ceann fhèin cuid mhath den ùine
2 àm m, gen ama, pl amannan. At the same time, aig an aon àm. Arrival time, àm ruighinn. Departure time, àm fàgail. I had a good time too, bha deadh àm agamsa cuideachd. There may also be times when the teacher will wish to review the evidence of a pupil’s progress, faodaidh gum bi amannan ann cuideachd an uair a bhitheas an tidsear ag iarraidh ath-bhreithneachadh a dhèanamh air an dearbhadh a tha ann air adhartas pàiste. Though the land may have been occupied from the times of the earliest human settlement, ged a dh’fhaodadh e bhith gu robh luchd-tuineachaidh bho na h-amannan a bu tràithe a’ gabhail còmhnaidh san àite. These stones are the remains of a stone wall probably built in prehistoric times, ’s iad na clachan seo na tha air fhàgail de ghàrradh-cloiche a chaidh a thogail is dòcha aig àm roi-eachdraidheil
3 uair f, gen uarach, uaire, pl uairean. What is the time? dè an uair a tha e? I saw him three times, chunnaic mi trì uairean e. Time and dates, an uair agus cinn-latha. Pupils will understand statements and questions about weather and time, bidh a’ chlann a’ tuigsinn ràdhan agus ceistean mu aimsir agus uair. The time is now approaching twenty minutes past eight, tha an uair a-nis a’ streap ri fichead mionaid an dèidh h-ochd
4 tìm f, gen tìme, pl tìmean. It should begin from where the child is in place and time — familiar experiences, the local environment, including cityscapes, tha còir aige tòiseachadh far a bheil am pàiste — an t-àite agus an tìm anns a bheil e, fiosraichidhean air a bheil e eòlach, an àrainneachd ionadail agus sin a’ cunntadh seallaidhean a’ bhaile mhòir
5 turas m, gen turais, pl tursan. I saw him three times, chunnaic mi trì tursan e
at a time adv phr 1 expressed with aig an aon àm. He was eating two at a time, bha e ag ithe a dhà aig an aon àm
2 expressed with còmhla. He was eating two at a time, bha e ag ithe a dhà còmhla. They came in two at a time, thàinig iad a-steach a dhà is a dhà còmhla
at all times adv phr daonnan. At all times pupils’ interaction and development should be positively fostered, tha còir daonnan àrach dèantanach a dhèanamh air leasachadh na cloinne agus mar a tha iad a’ buntainn ri cach a chèile. Whatever the size of the group there must be a minimum of two adults present at all times, ge be air bith dè am meud a bhitheas aig a’ bhuidhinn feumaidh dà inbheach air a’ char as lugha a bhith daonnan an làthair
at some time, aig àm air choireigin. Most pupils will at some time experience learning difficulties, bidh a’ mhòrchuid de chloinn aig àm air choireigin a’ fiosrachadh dhuilgheadasan ionnsachaidh
at some times, aig amannan
at the same time, aig an aon àm
at times adv phr 1 aig amannan
2 air uairean
3 an-dràsta is a-rithist
by the time prep phr ron àm. It cannot be assumed that children will have acquired the necessary skills by the time they enter P1, chan urrainn dhuinn a bhith cinnteach gum bi clann air na sgilean èiseil a thogail ron am a thig iad a-steach do P1
for some time adv phr car greiseig
for the first time prep phr airson a’ chiad turas. They will receive this for the first time, gheibh iad seo airson a’ chiad turas
from time to time adv phr bho àm gu àm. I understand that my child may be taken on local outings from time to time, tha mi a’ tuigsinn gum faod e bhith gum bi an neach-cloinne agam air a toirt/thoirt a-mach air cuairtean ionadail bho àm gu àm
in … time prep phr an ceann (plus gen). He will be here in a week’s time, bidh e bhos an ceann seachdaine
times n pl expressed with uiread. There is four times the weight in this one, tha a cheithir uiread a chuideam san fhear seo. I went three times further than you, chaidh mi a thrì uiread nas fhaide na thusa
times table n phr clàr m nan uireadan, gen clàir nan uireadan, pl clàran nan uireadan
time mod 1 uaire
2 tìme
time display n phr sealladh m uaire, gen seallaidh uaire, pl seallaidhean uaire
time line n phr loidhne-thìme f
time v tr tomhais an ùine (a bheir rud), vn tomhas na h-ùine. Make a water clock that can be used to time events, dèan cleoc uisg a ghabhas a chleachdadh gus an ùine a bheir tachartasan a thomhas
time-consuming a expressed with a tha a’ tarraing mòran ùine. Its use can free pupils from the effort (often time-consuming) of concentrating on their presentational skills, faodaidh a bhith ga chleachdadh saorsa a thoirt do chloinn on t-saothair (a tha a’ tarraing mòran ùine gu tric) a tha iad a’ dèanamh le bhith a’ bualadh air na sgilean taisbeanaidh
tin n 1 staoin f, gen staoine
2 (container) canastair m, pl canastairean. Tins, packets, bottles and jars, canastairean, pacaidean, botail agus crogain
tin v tr
tinned a chanastair. Tinned food, biadh chanastair
tincture n 1 (pharmacy) tinctear m, gen tincteir, pl tinctearan
2 (colour) dath m, pl dathan
3 (colour) lìth f, gen lìthe, pl lìthean
4 (slight amount) boisteadh m, gen boistidh
tinfoil n sgragall m staoine, gen sgragaill staoine
tiny a bìdeach, comp bìdiche; or bìodach, comp bìodaiche
tiny bit, tiniest bit n phr expressed with bìdeag f, gen bìdeig, pl bìdeagan. I didn’t recognise the tiniest bit of you, cha d’aithnich mi bìdeag dhìot
tip n, see refuse tip n phr
tiptoe n & adv corra-bhiod. He was on tiptoe, bha e air a chorra-bhiod
Tiree pr n Tiriodh; Tiridhe
tissue n 1 (biology) maothran m, gen & pl maothrain. Muscle tissue, maothran musail
2 (biology) stuth m, pl stuthan. Nerve tissue, stuth nearbhan. Cell tissue, stuth cealla
3 eadar-fhighe
tissue-paper n 1 pàipear-sìoda m, gen pàipeir-shìoda
2 pàipear m eadar-fhighte, gen pàipeir eadar-fhighte
tit n (ornithology : family Paridae) cailleachag f, pl cailleachagan
title n 1 tiotal m, gen tiotail, pl tiotalan. Using title, contents page and fly-leaf, a’ cleachdadh an tiotail, a’ chlàir-innse agus na h-eadar-dhuilleig. The teacher will draw attention to titles and contents pages, bidh an tidsear a’ tarraing an aire gu tiotalan agus duilleagan-amais. Give your set the right title, thoir an tiotal ceart air an t-seata agad
2 ainm m, pl ainmeannan
to prep 1 do
2 gu. A letter to a friend, litir gu caraid
3 ri. I was talking to him, bha mi a’ bruidhinn ris
4 air. Explicit teaching to groups or class will address the needs of pupils, faodaidh teagasg follaiseach air buidhnean no air clas coinneachadh ri feuman na cloinne. Pupils will develop a greater alertness to the changes in ideas, bidh a’ chlann a’ fàs nas mothachaile air na h-atharraichidhean ann am bun-smuaintean
5 an prep. Modern theatre groups should be welcomed to the school, bu chòir buidhnean-dràma an latha an-diugh fhàilteachadh san sgoil. Pupils will be introduced systematically to word spacing, cuirear a’ chlann ann an dòigh riaghailteach an greim ann a bhith a’ dealachadh fhaclan
6 aig (plus dat). He was an adviser to the manager, bha e na chomhairleach aig a’ mhanaidsear
7 a dh’ionnsaigh (plus gen). Some will need different approaches to these targets, feumaidh cuid slighean eadar-dhealaichte a leantainn a dh’ionnsaigh nan cuimsean seo. Pupils’ experience of listening can now extend to other texts, faodar leudachadh a-nis a dhèanamh air eòlas na cloinne air èisteachd a dh’ionnsaigh theacsaichean eile. Teachers will draw attention to examples of printed information, bidh na tidsearan a’ tarraing aire na cloinne a dh’ionnsaigh eisimpleirean de dh’fhiosrachadh ann an clò
8 a-rèir (plus gen). To the needs of each individual pupil, a-rèir feumalachdan gach pàiste fa leth. Pupils will be helped to adjust reading approaches to the different ways information is presented, cuidichear a’ chlann gu bhith ag atharrachadh dhòighean-leughaidh a rèir dhòighean eadar-dhealaichte anns a bheil fiosrachadh ga chur an cèill
9 a thaobh (plus gen). A positive attitude to multi-language use, spiorad neartmhor a thaobh ioma-chànanais
10 (distributive) fa chomhair (plus gen). The targets have been set out in grids, one grid to each of the four outcomes, tha na cuimsean air an cur a-mach ann an cliathan, cliath fa chomhair gach tè de na ceithir builean. In talking offer a personal response to the events, a’ freagairt ann an cainnt gu pearsanta fa chomhair na thachair
11 (distributive) mu choinneimh (plus gen). The correct ratio of staff to children as recommended by the social work department must be provided, feumaidh an co-mheas ceart de luchd-obrach mu choinneimh cloinne a bhith ann mar a thèid moladh le roinn na h-obrach sòisealta
12 (in order to) ach an. Pupils will write to convey meaning in Gaelic appropriate to audience and purpose, bidh sgoilearan a’ sgrìobhadh ach an cuir iad brìgh an cèill ann an Gàidhlig mar a fhreagras air luchd-amais agus adhbhar
13 (in order to) expressed with leis an. The teacher will help pupils acquire words to articulate their feelings, cuidichidh an tidsear a’ chlann gus faclan a thogail leis an cuir iad am faireachdainnean an cèill
14 (inf) expressed with a plus vn. To enable pupils to achieve the targets, ann a bhith a’ toirt comais do sgoilearan na cuimsean a choileanadh
15 (inf) a bhith plus vn. If pupils are given regular opportunities to publish and display completed work, ma tha a’ chlann a’ faotainn cothroim gu cunbhalach a bhith a’ foillseachadh agus a’ taisbeanadh obair chrìochnaichte. To enable pupils to achieve the targets, ann a bhith a’ toirt comais do sgoilearan na cuimsean a choileanadh
16 (inf) gu. Pupils will be encouraged to sit comfortably, bi a’ chlann air am misneachadh gu suidhe gu cofhartail. Helping pupils to speak confidently about themselves, a’ cuideachadh na cloinne gu bhith a’ labhairt le misneach mun deidhinn fhèin
17 (inf) gus. Pupils should be encouraged to speak in Gaelic, bu chòir a’ chlann a mhisneachadh gus a bhith a’ bruidhinn anns a’ Ghàidhlig. To use talk in structured play to arrive at outcomes, gus còmhradh a chleachdadh ann an cluiche òrdaichte gus builean a ruigheachd
18 (inf) mar a. They will learn to listen to expositions, ionnsaichidh iad mar a dh’èisteas iad ri iomraidhean. They must learn to recognise the commoner genres, feumaidh iad ionnsachadh mar a dh’aithnicheas iad na pàtarain as cumanta. With the ability to recognise genre, readers and listeners are also aided in making predictions, le comas a bhith aca air mar aithnichear gnè, gheibh luchd-leughaidh agus luchd-èisteachd cuideachadh ann a bhith a’ fàisneachd
19 (inf) expressed with gen. Learning to read is dependent upon the spoken language, tha ionnsachadh leughaidh an urra ris a’ chainnt-bheòil
20 (inf) expressed with a plus rel v. Pupils should set questions for themselves and others to answer, bu chòir don chloinn ceistean a chur ri chèile a fhreagras iad fhèin agus feadhainn eile. To make choices about what to learn, gus roghainn a dhèanamh a thaobh dè dh’ionnsaicheas iad
21 (inf) expressed with ach mar a. The school should decide on one method of teaching pupils to deal with mistakes, tha còir aig an sgoil suidheachadh air aon mhodh air clann a theagasg ach mar a dhèiligeas iad ri mearachdan
22 (inf) expressed with a’, ag plus vn. The teacher will take time to ensure that pupils lay out their writing in a neat form, cuiridh an tidsear ùine seachad a’ dèanamh cinnteach gu bheil a’ chlann a’ cur cruth air an cuid sgrìobhaidh ann an cumadh sgiobalta. An opportunity to enjoy, learn and appreciate aspects of Gaelic music, poetry, song and story, cothrom air cùisean co-cheangailte ri ceòl agus bàrdachd agus òrain agus sgeulachdan a bhuineas don Ghàidhlig: gan ionnsachadh, a’ cur meas orra agus a’ toirt tlachd asta
to be v phr 1 expressed with gus plus vn. Pupils will have a greater autonomy in the choice of topic to be explored, bidh barrachd ùghdarrais aig a’ chloinn ann a bhith a’ taghadh cuspair gus a rannsachadh
2 expressed with a tha gus plus vn. This strand includes an increasing number of terms and concepts to be used in discussions about language generally, anns an èill seo tha am barrachd ’s am barrachd de bhriathran ’s de bhun-smuaintean a tha gus an cleachdadh ann am beachdachadh air cànain san fharsaingeachd
3 expressed with agus plus bi. Speech marks and exclamation marks are further descriptions of punctuation, to be discussed for their effects on meaning, tha comharraidhean-labhairt agus comharraidhean-clisge a’ dèanamh an tuilleadh iomraidh air pungadh agus bithear a’ beachdachadh orra a thaobh na buaidh a tha aca air brìgh
4 expressed with is còir or tha còir. By participating in discussion on the kinds of things to be listened for, le bhith a’ gabhail pàirt ann am beachdachadh air na seòrsachan nithean as còir èisteachd air an son. Media texts are to be enjoyed for the pleasures they provide, tha còir cothrom a ghabhail air an toileachadh a gheibhear à teacsaichean-meadhain
toadstool n balgan m, gen & pl balgain
today adv an-diugh. In best practice today, however, teachers encourage pupils through stimulating contexts, leis na dòighean-teagaisg as fheàrr a tha a’ dol an-diugh, ge-tà, ’s ann a tha tidsearan a’ misneachadh cloinne le suidhichidhean beothail
three days from today adv phr (the second day after tomorrow) an treasaich
together adv 1 còmhla. Opportunities to talk together will occur in class activities, bidh cothrom ann a bhith a’ bruidhinn còmhla ann an obair a’ chlas. Pupils should talk together, tha còir aig cloinn a bhith a’ còmhradh còmhla
2 cruinn còmhla. Sections of stories can be read, discussed, re-drafted before being brought together, faodar earrainnean stòiridhean a leughadh, beachdachadh orra, an ath-dhreachdadh mus toirear cruinn còmhla iad
3 còmhla ri chèile. The day-to-day activities in which teachers and pupils work together, an obair làitheil anns a bheil na tidsearan agus a’ chlann ag obair còmhla ri chèile
4 ri chèile. Different genres are also mixed together for particular effects, bithear cuideachd a’ cothlamadh diofar sheòrsachan gnè ri chèile gus buadhan sònraichte a thoirt gu buil
together with prep phr an cois plus gen. Together with the separate guidelines on assessment, an cois an stiùiridh eadar-dhealaichte air measadh
toilet n 1 toileat m & f, pl toileatan
2 rum-ionnlaid m, gen ruim-ionnlaid, pl rumannan-ionnlaid
toilet paper n phr 1 pàipear-toileat m, gen pàipeir-toileat
2 pàipear-ionnlaid, gen pàipeir-ionnlaid
toilet roll n phr 1 rola-toileat m, pl rolaichean-toileat
2 rol-ionnlaid, pl rolaichean-ionnlaid
toilet mod a thaobh thoileatan. There must be adequate toilet and wash hand basin provision, feumaidh goireasan a dh’fhòghnas a bhith ann a thaobh thoileatan agus mhiasan glanaidh-làmh
toiletry n
toiletries n pl stuthan-sgeadachaidh m pl
tolerance n 1 foighidinn. Including tolerance, enjoyment, co-operation and sharing, agus sin a’ gabhail a-staigh foighidinn, toileachadh, co-oibreachadh agus co-phàirteachadh
2 expressed with thoir àite do bheachdan chàich. Including concern for tolerance, a’ gabhail a-staigh a bhith a’ toirt àite do bheachdan chàich
toll n cìs f, gen cìse, pl cìsean. The bridge tolls, cìsean na drochaid
toll mod chìsean. The toll protester, Donald Mackenzie, said…, thuirt fear-diùltaidh nan cìsean, Dòmhnall MacCoinnich…
tomato n tomàto m, pl tomàtothan. Tomato soup, sup tomàto
tomorrow adv a-màireach
the day after tomorrow adv phr an-earar
tomorrow night adv phr an ath-oidhche, an athoidhch
the second day after tomorrow adv phr (three days from today) an treasaich
tonal a (linguistics, music) tònail
tone n 1 cruth m cànain. Show that they can use at least the following terms: tone, target audience, a’ nochdadh gun cleachd iad co-dhiù na faclan a leanas: cruth cànain, luchd-amais sònraichte
2 dòigh f. Showing some sense of purpose and audience in pace and tone of delivery, a’ nochdadh mothachaidh air adhbhar ’s air luchd-amais ann a bhith a’ suidheachadh astair agus dòigh lìobhraigidh
3 dòigh-labhairt. Tone will be used when pupils discuss spoken communications, bithear a’ cleachdadh dòigh-labhairt an uair a bhios clann a’ beachdachadh air conaltradh-beòil. They should learn to take some account of register, tone, tha còir aca aire air choireigin a thoirt air gnè, dòigh-labhairt. In appropriate variations of tone and expression, ann an caochladh sheòrsachan iomchaidh de dhòigh-labhairt agus de dh’aithris
4 (linguistics, music) tòna m, pl tònaichean. Tone languages, cànainean tòna
tone of voice n phr dòigh bhruidhne. For example, use of more than one tone of voice, mar eisimpleir, còrr is aon dòigh bhruidhne ga cleachdadh
ton n tunna m, pl tunnachan
tonight adv a-nochd
tonne n tonne f, pl tonnes
2 tunna m meatrach, gen tunna mheatraich, pl tunnachan meatrach
tonsil n tonsail m, pl tonsailean
too adv 1 ro. Speaking too quickly, labhairt ro luath
2 tuilleadh agus. Studying the media cannot begin too early, chan urrainn rannsachadh air na meadhain tòiseachadh tuilleadh agus tràth
3 not expressed. Speaking too quickly or too hesitantly can reduce listeners’ interest, faodaidh labhairt ro luath no le stadaich ùidh an luchd-èisteachd a lughdachadh
too much n phr cus plus gen. By asking for too much evidence of it, le bhith a’ sùileachadh cus dearbhaidh air. They are doing too much talking, tha iad a’ dèanamh cus bruidhne
tool n 1 goireas m, gen goireis, pl goireasan. Where did you leave the tools? càite an d’fhàg thu na goireasan?
2 ball-acfhainn m, gen & pl buill-acfhainn
3 inneal m, gen inneil, pl innealan
4 (archaeology) goireas m, gen goireis, pl goireasan. Tools from this early period have been found nearby, chaidh goireasan bho àm thràth seo a lorg faisg air an seo
tooth n fiacaill f, fiacail f, gen fiacla, pl fiaclan
back tooth n phr fiacail-chùil f, pl fiaclan-cùil
bottom tooth n phr fiacail-bhuinn f, pl fiaclan-buinn
eye-tooth n 1 fiacail-chrìche f, pl fiaclan-crìche
2 fiacail-shùlach f, pl fiaclan-sùlach
top tooth n phr fiacail f gu h-àrd, pl fiaclan gu h-àrd
wisdom tooth n fiacail-fhorais f, pl fiaclan-forais
2 fiacail f ghliocais, pl fiaclan gliocais. The wisdom teeth, fiaclan a’ ghliocais
toothbrush n bruis-fhiaclan f, pl bruisean-fhiaclan
toothpaste n uachdar-fhiaclan m, gen uachdair-fhiaclan. Household goods such as toothpaste, matches and dusters, gnothaichean taighe mar uachdar-fhiclan, lasadairean agus dustairean
toothpick n bior-fhiacail m, pl bioran-fiacail
top n 1 mullach m, gen & pl mullaich
2 bàrr m, gen barra, pl barran
3 bràigh m, gen bràighe, bràghad, pl bràigheachan
from top to bottom adv phr o bhonn gu bàrr
on top of prep phr air muin (plus gen). On top of you, air do mhuin
top a
top part n phr bràigh m, gen bràighe, bràghad, pl bràigheachan
top ten n phr a’ phrìomh dheich
topaz n tofas m, topas m, gen tofais, topais
topic n 1 cuspair m, pl cuspairean. To communicate on a range of topics, co-luadar a dhèanamh air sreath chuspairean. Giving an ordered account of a topic, a’ toirt cunntais rianail air cuspair. Themes, topics, projects, or text-based studies, cuspairean no pròiseactan no obair a tha air an suidheachadh air teacsa. Contexts could derive from the following exemplar topics, dh’fhaodaiste suidhichidhean a thoirt o na cuspairean a leanas, mar eisimpleir. Banks of materials organised on the basis of functions and notions or of topics, bancaichean de stuthan air an cur air dòigh air bhonn ghnìomhan agus smuaintean no air bhonn chuspairean
2 mion-chuspair m. In any particular learning activity such as a theme, or topic, or unit study, ann an gnìomh ionnsachaidh àraidh mar tha cuspair, mion-chuspair no aonad oideachaidh
3 cùis f, pl cùisean. Convey and understand information about common topics, thoir seachad agus tuig fiosrachadh mu chùisean coitcheann
4 topaig f, pl topaigean
5 ceann-còmhraidh m, gen & pl cinn-chòmhraidh
6 (linguistics: vs comment) cuspair m, pl cuspairean. Topic and comment, cuspair agus luaidh
topic mod 1 cuspaireach. Topic sentence, seantans cuspaireach. Within an enlarged range of topic areas and contexts, ann an sreath mheudaichte de raointean agus de shuidhichidhean cuspaireach
2 cuspair. They will learn to use topic and summing-up sentences, ionnsaichidh iad seantansan cuspair agus seantansan geàrr-chunntais a chleachdadh
topical a (thematic) cuspaireil
topicalise v tr
topicalised a cuspairichte
topic-based a air a shuidheachadh air cuspairean. The language programme may take the form of a less structured topic-based approach, faodaidh am prògram cànain a bhith ann an riochd modh nach eil buileach cho stèidhichte ach air a shuidheachadh air cuspairean
topic-prominent a (linguistics) cuspairichte
topography n cumadh-tìre m, gen cumaidh-thìre
topple v i cuir car, vn cur car. To prevent the rain gauge toppling over weight the base, gus a bhith cinnteach nach cuir an tomhas-silidh car cuir cudthrom air a’ bhonn aige
topsoil n ùir-uachdair f, pl ùirean-uachdair. Topsoil and subsoil, ùir-uachdair agus fo-ùir
torch n 1 toirds f, pl toirdseachan
2 biùgan m, gen biùgain, pl biùgain, biùganan
3 leus m, gen & pl leòis
tornado n tornado m, pl tornadothan
torrent n 1 bras-shruth m, pl bras-shruthan
2 tuil f, pl tuiltean
3 dòrtadh m, gen dòrtaidh, pl dòrtaidhean
4 (a) maoim f slèibhe, pl maoimean slèibhe
(b) beum-slèibhe m, pl beuman-slèibhe
Torridon pr n Toirbheartan m, gen Thoirbheartain
Torridonian a Toirbheartanach
Torridonian sandstone n phr clach-ghainmhich Thoirbheartanach, gen cloiche-gainmhich Toirbheartanaich
total n 1 iomlan m, gen & pl iomlain. Total due, iomlan ri phàigheadh
2 suim f, gen suime, pl suimeannan
total a 1 iomlan
2 làn preceding n. The candidate has pledged her total support to ensure secure status for the Gaelic language, tha an tagraiche air a làn thaic a ghealltainn gus dèanamh cinnteach gum faigh an cànan Gàidhlig inbhe thèarainte
3 uile gu lèir. Total cost, cosgais uile gu lèir
4 expressed with suim f. Total score, suim nan sgòran
totem n tòtam m, gen tòtaim, pl tòtaman
totem pole n phr 1 pòla-tòtaim m, pl pòlaichean-tòtaim
2 pòla-samhla m, pl pòlaichean-samhla
totemic a tòtamach
totemism n tòtamachd f
touch v tr bean ri, vn beantainn ri; or bean do, vn beantainn do
tour n cuairt f, pl cuairtean
tourist n neach-turais m, pl luchd-turais
towards prep 1 a dh’ionnsaigh (plus gen). Pupils who are beyond Level E and progressing towards Standard Grade, clann a tha seach Ìre E agus a’ dol air adhart a dh’ionnsaigh na h-Ìre Choitchinn. When their minds have been caught and turned towards a worthwhile enterprise, an uair a ghabhar greim air na h-inntinnean aca agus a stiùirear iad a dh’ionnsaigh iomairt as fhiach an t-saothair. As facts built towards a conclusion, mar nithean fìrinneach air an cur còmhla a dh’ionnsaigh cò-dhùnaidh
2 gus (plus rad). A phased approach towards strengthening Gaelic as a living language is required, tha feum air dòigh-obrach a fhreagras air gach ceum gus a’ Ghàidhlig a neartachadh mar chànan beò
towel n searbhadair m, pl searbhadairean. Paper towels, searbhadairean pàipeir
tower n tùr m, gen & pl tùir. Water tower, tùr uisge
tower block n phr tùr-thaighean m, gen & pl tùir-thaighean
tower crane n phr 1 tùr-chrann m, gen & pl tùr-chroinn
2 crann m baidealach, gen croinn bhaidealaich, pl croinn bhaidealach
town n 1 baile m, pl bailtean
2 baile-mòr m, gen baile-mhòir, pl bailtean-mòra
town boundary n phr crìoch f baile, gen crìche baile, pl crìochan baile
town centre n phr meadhan m baile, gen meadhain baile
town hall n phr talla m baile, pl tallachan baile. In the Town Hall, anns an Talla Bhaile, or ann an Talla a’ Bhaile. In the morning she reports to her office at the Town Hall, sa mhadainn bidh i a’ dol an làthair aig an oifis aice san Talla Bhaile
township n baile m, pl bailtean. Crofting townships, bailtean croitearachd
township constable n phr conastabal m baile, gen & pl conastabail baile
toxic a tocsaineach. Toxic substances, stuthan tocsaineach. All toxic substances must at all times be stored in their original containers, feumar stuthan tocsaineach air fad a stòradh daonnan anns na bocais-stòraidh thùsail aca
toxicity n tocsaineachd f
toy n dèideag f, gen dèideige, pl dèideagan
trace n 1 lorg f, gen luirge, pl lorgan. No trace of turf walled buildings usually survives, mar as trice chan fhaighear lorg idir an diugh air togalaichean le ballachan fàil. The southern half of the wall is 3m wide with traces of another ring of stones, tha leth a deas a’ bhalla 3m an leud, agus chithear an seo lorg air cearcall eile de chlachan. Traces of all three types of walling survive in this area, gheibhear lorg fhathast air gach aon de na trì seòrsaichean gàrraidh san àite seo
2 expressed with uimhir f bheag. Unusual tastes can come from traces of copper from domestic plumbing, dh’fhaodadh blasan neo-àbhaisteach a thighinn a thoradh air uimhir bheag a chopar bho phìoban an taighe
trace v tr 1 (a) lorg, vn lorg m
(b) faigh lorg air, vn faighinn luirge air. Walls both of turf and stone can be traced in this area as illustrated, gheibhear lorg air gàrraidhean an dà chuid de dh’fhàl is de chloich san àite seo mar a tha an dealbh a’ sealltainn
(c) lean lorg, vn leantainn luirge. Try and trace these dykes to see the shape of the different fields, feuch an lean thu lorg nan gàrraidhean seo ach am faic thu an cumadh a bha air na diofar raointean
2 (drawing) (a) comharraich (a-mach), vn comharrachadh m (a-mach). Put a piece of tracing paper over the photograph and trace the roads on it, cuir pìos de phàipear comharrachaidh air an dealbh-chamara agus comharraich a-mach na rathaidean air
(b) treas, vn treasadh m
tracing n (drawing) 1 treasadh m, gen treasaidh, pl treasaidhean
2 trasd-dhealbh m, gen trasd-dheilbh, pl trasd-dhealbhan
tracing paper n phr 1 pàipear m comharrachaidh, gen pàipeir chomharrachaidh
2 pàipear m treasaidh, gen pàipeir threasaidh
trachea n 1 (anatomy) trachea f, traice f
2 langan-bhràghad m, gen langain-bhràghad, pl langanan-bràghad; steic-bhràghad, gen steice-bràghad, pl steicean-bràghad
track n 1 frith-rathad m, gen frith-rathaid, pl frith-ròidean
2 ceum m, gen ceuma, cèim, pl ceumannan, ceuman
3 lorg f, gen luirge, pl lorgan
4 slighe f, pl sligheachan
keep track of v phr cùm ròs air, vn cumail ròs air. I’m sure you have worn away your fingers keeping track of those figures, tha mi cinnteach gu bheil thu air do chorragan a bhleith a’ cumail ròs air na cunntasan sin
racing track n phr slighe-rèisidh f, pl sligheachan-rèisidh
tracksuit n deise-spòrs f, pl deiseachan-spòrs
tract n tràchd m & f, pl tràchdan
trade n malairt f
2 ceàird f, gen ceàirde, ciùirde, pl ceàirdean
trade route n phr slighe f mhalairt, pl slighean malairt
trade union n phr aonadh m ciùird, gen aonaidh chiùird, pl aonaidhean ciùird
trader n neach-malairt m, pl luchd-malairt
tradition n 1 dualchas m, gen dualchais
2 dùthchas m, gen dùthchais
3 traidisean m, gen traidisein, pl traidiseanan. This change was strengthened by the building traditions of the Viking settlers, chaidh an t-atharrachadh seo a dhaingneachadh le traidiseanan an luchd-thuineachaidh Lochlannaich a thaobh thogalaichean
4 (oral) beul-aithris f
tradition bearer n phr seanchaidh m, pl seanchaidhean
traditional a 1 dualchasach, comp dualchasaich. The traditional runrig system was abolished in 1845, chaidh cur às don t-siostam dualchasach, an roinn-ruithe, ann an 1845
2 dùthchasach, comp dùthchasaich
3 traidiseanta
4 expressed with san t-seann nòs. A traditional song, òran san t-seann nòs
traffic n trafaig f
tragedy n 1 traidseadaidh m, pl traidseadaidhean
2 bròn-chluich f, gen bròn-chluiche, pl bròn-chluichean
trail n 1 lorg f, gen luirge, pl lorgan
2 slighe f, pl slighean. Boulder trail, slighe ulbhag. Nature trail, slighe nàdair. A tour around specific sites on the trail, turas mu thimcheall làraichean sònraichte air an t-slighe
trailer n trèalair m, pl trèalairean
train n trèana f, pl trèanaichean. I hope the train isn’t too crowded, tha mi an dòchas nach bi cus dhaoine air an trèana
train of thought n phr expressed with smuaineachadh m, gen smuaineachaidh. To help pupils build up an easy flow which will not hamper the train of thought, clann a chuideachadh gus dòigh shaor shiùbhlach a thogail nach cuir bacadh air smuaineachadh
trainee n ionnsaichear m, gen ionnsaicheir, pl ionnsaichearan. Any staff member or trainee who contracts a persistant cough must withdraw from work, ma thogas neach den luchd-obrach no ionnsaichear sam bith casad leanailteach feumaidh i/e tarraing a-mach às a cuid/chuid obrach
train v tr 1 ionnsaich, vn ionnsachadh m
2 trèan, vn trèanadh m
trained a 1 ionnsaichte
2 air a thrèanadh
training n 1 ionnsachadh m, gen ionnsachaidh
2 trèanadh m, gen trèanaidh
trainer n trèanair m, pl trèanairean
traitor n brathadair m, pl brathadairean
tranquilliser n tàmhadair m, pl tàmhadairean
transcribe v tr 1 tair-sgrìobh, vn tair-sgrìobhadh m
2 ath-sgrìobh, vn ath-sgrìobhadh m
3 expressed with sgrìobh, vn sgrìobhadh m. Transcribe what is on the tape, sgrìobh na tha air an teip
transcript n 1 tair-sgrìobhadh m, gen tair-sgrìobhaidh, pl tair-sgrìobhaidhean
2 ath-sgrìobhadh m, gen ath-sgrìobhaidh, pl ath-sgrìobhaidhean
3 expressed with sgrìobhadh m a thogadh, pl sgrìobhaidhean a thogadh. Pupils will read short narrative texts, and transcripts of tapes and dialogues, bidh a’ chlann a’ leughadh theacsaichean-aithris goirid, cho math ri sgrìobhaidhean a thogadh o theipichean agus o chòmhraidhean
transcription n 1 tair-sgrìobhadh m, gen tair-sgrìobhaidh, pl tair-sgrìobhaidhean
2 ath-sgrìobhadh m, gen ath-sgrìobhaidh, pl ath-sgrìobhaidhean
transfer n 1 (art) dealbh-tàthach m, gen deilbh-thàthaich, pl dealbhan-tàthach
2 expressed with lìobhraig, vn lìobhraigeadh. Pupil self- and peer-evaluation will include consideration of the success with which information transfer took place, bidh a’ chlann a’ breithneachadh orra fhèin ’s air an co-aoisean agus a’ toirt fa-near dè cho math ’s a chaidh fiosrachadh a lìobhraigeadh
transfer v tr 1 tionndaidh, vn tionndadh. To transfer their language skills into Gaelic, gus an sgilean cànain a thionndadh gu Gàidhlig
2 gluais, vn gluasad m. It may also be an option to transfer a pupil making rapid progress from a Learners’ class to Gaelic Medium education, faodar cuideachd pàiste air a bheil fìor phiseach luath a ghluasad bho chlas Luchd-Ionnsachaidh gu foghlam tro Mheadhan na Gàidhlig
3 expressed with stèidhich, vn stèidheachadh. The policy should recognise that skills acquired in Gaelic may be expected to transfer readily to English, am poileasaidh ag aideachadh cuideachd gum faodar a bhith a’ sùileachadh gun gabh na sgilean a thogar sa Ghàidhlig an stèidheachadh gu furasta anns a’ Bheurla
transform v tr cruth-atharraich, vn cruth-atharrachadh m
transformation n cruth-atharrachadh m, gen cruth-atharrachaidh, pl cruth-atharrachaidhean
transformational a cruth-atharrachail. Transformational grammars, gràmaran cruth-atharrachail. A transformational approach, dòigh chruth-atharrachail
transformer n (electricity) tair-fhoirmear m, gen tair-fhoirmeir, pl tair-fhoirmearan
• caochlaidear m, gen caochlaideir, pl caochlaidearan
transition n expressed with gluais v, vn gluasad. The transition from the relatively latent to the active phase in the immersion process will require sensitivity on the part of the teacher, feumaidh geur mhothachadh a bhith aig an tidsear ann a bhith a’ gluasad na cloinne on ùine a tha caran falchaidh a dh’ionnsaigh cleachdadh na Gàidhlig
transitive a (grammar) aisigeach, comp aisigich. Transitive verbs, gnìomhairean aisigeach
translate n eadar-theangaich, vn eadar-theangachadh m
translation n eadar-theangachadh m, gen eadar-theangachaidh, pl eadar-theangachaidhean
translucent n trìd-shoillseach, comp trìd-shoillsich
transmigration n cian-imrich f, gen cian-imriche, pl cian-imrichean
transmission n 1 (radio, television) craoladh m, gen craolaidh, pl craolaidhean
2 (of tales) aiseag m, gen aiseig. The transmission of the tales from generation to generation, aiseag nan sgeulachdan bho ghinealach gu ginealach
transmit v tr sgaoil, vn sgaoileadh m. The disease is sexually transmitted, tha an galar air a sgaoileadh le feise
transmitter n (transmitting aerial) crann-sgaoilidh, gen & pl croinn-sgaoilidh. These new channels will be received through the presently existing transmitters, gheibhear na sianalan ùra seo tro na croinn-sgaoilidh a tha againn an-dràsta
transnational a tar-nàiseanta
transom n (of boat) clàrag f, gen clàraig, pl clàragan
transparency n 1 trìd-shoillse f
2 trìd-shoillsean m, gen trìd-shoillsein, pl trìd-shoillseanan
3 expressed with dealbh m, pl dealbhan. They will learn to listen to expositions which are illustrated by overhead transparencies, ionnsaichidh iad mar a dh’èisteas iad ri iomraidhean le dealbhan os an cionn nan cois
transparent a trìd-shoilleir
transpiration n trìd-dheatachadh m, gen trìd-dheatachaidh
• tar-analachadh m, gen tar-analachaidh
transpire I v tr (plants) trìd-dheataich, vn trìd-dheatachadh m
II transpire v i 1 (plants) trìd-dheataich, vn trìd-dheatachadh
2 thig am follais, vn tighinn am follais
3 tachair, vn tachairt f. His account of what transpired, a chunntas air na thachair
transport n còmhdhail f, gen còmhdhalach. Road transport, còmhdhail rathaid. Jobs for which road transport is needed, obraichean a chuireas feum air còmhdhail rathaid. All transport used should have forward-facing seats with seat-belts fitted, a thaobh gach seòrsa còmhdhalach a thèid a chur am feum, is còir gum bitheadh suidheachain a tha a’ coimhead chon an toisich air fad aca le criosan-sàbhalaidh air an cur a-steach
transport v tr giùlain, vn giùlan m
transportation n giùlan m, gen giùlain
trap n ribe f, pl ribeachan
trapezium n trapezium m, traipeisiam m
trash n sgudal m, gen sgudail
travel n siubhal m, gen siubhail
travel agency n phr companaidh f shiubhail, pl companaidhean siubhail
travel centre n phr ionad m siubhail, gen ionaid shiubhail, pl ionadan siubhail
travel v i
travelling person n phr neach-falbhainn m, pl luchd-falbhainn
travelling people n pl phr luchd-falbhainn m
traveller n neach-siubhail m, pl luchd-siubhail
travelogue n cunntas-turais m, gen cunntais-thurais, pl cunntasan-turais
tray n treidhe f, pl treidhean, treidhichean. The eggs are taken to a packing station where they are packed in boxes, thèid na h-uighean a thoirt do stèisean pacaidh far a bheileas gam pacadh ann am treidhichean
tread n ceum m, gen ceuma, cèim, pl ceumannan, ceuman
2 (of footwear, tyre) tread m & f, pl treadaichean. There is mud in the treads of your boots, tha poll ann an treadaichean do chuid bhròg. There is not much tread left on that tyre, chan eil mòr thread air fhàgail air an taidhr sin
treason n brathadh m, gen brathaidh
treasure n ionmhas m, gen ionmhais, pl ionmhasan
treasure trail n phr sireadh-ionmhais m, gen siridh-ionmhais
treasurer n ionmhasair m, pl ionmhasairean
treat v tr 1 (a) buin ri, vn buntainn ri. The pre-school will treat fairly all applicants for jobs, buinidh an ro-sgoil gu cothromach ri gach tagraiche airson obrach
(b) dèilig ri, vn dèiligeadh ri. Treat all applicants in the same way, dèilig ri tagraichean gu lèir anns an aon dòigh
2 (medically) expressed with faigh plus gabhail m aig. I give permission for my child to be treated in the event of a medical emergency, tha mi a’ toirt cead gum faigh an neach-cloinne agam gabhail aice/aige ma bhitheas suidheachadh-èiginn meidigeach ann
3 thoir iomradh air, vn toirt iomraidh air. Knowledge about language has not been treated separately in these columns, cha tugadh iomradh air leth air Eòlas air Cànain anns na colbhan seo
treatment n 1 (a) leasachadh m, gen leasachaidh. A few may reveal signs of physical difficulties in hearing which will require treatment, àireamh bheag, ’s dòcha, a’ nochdadh gu bheil duilgheadasan corparra aca a thaobh èisteachd a chuireas feum air leasachadh. Water treatment plant, innealraidh leasachaidh uisge
(b) expressed with leasaich, vn leasachadh. The course will give an understanding of the various treatment and distribution processes used in the water industry, bheir an cùrsa tuigse air na dòighean air uisge a leasachadh agus a chur a-mach don t-sluagh a thathar a’ cleachdadh sa ghnìomhachas uisge
2 dòigh-oibreachaidh f, pl dòighean-oibreachaidh. Texts will have a broader range of language and treatment, bidh na teacsaichean nas leatha ann an cànain agus ann an dòigh-oibreachaidh
3 expressed with gabhail m aig, gen gabhalach aig. I give permission for my child to be given treatment in the event of a medical emergency, tha mi a’ toirt cead gum faigh an neach-cloinne agam gabhail aice/aige ma bhitheas suidheachadh-èiginn meidigeach ann
4 expressed with mar a tha … a’ dèiligeadh ri. Teachers should compare different writers’ treatment of a theme, tha còir aig tidsearan a bhith a’ coimeas mar a tha ùghdairean eadar-dhealaichte a’ dèiligeadh ri cuspair
treaty n 1 cùmhnant m, gen cùmhnaint, pl cùmhnantan. Treaty of Edinburgh, Cùmhnant Dhùn Èidinn
2 còrdadh m, gen còrdaidh, pl còrdaidhean
treble a 1 trì-fillte
2 triobailte
3 (music) triobail. A treble voice, guth triobail
treble n (music) triobail m, pl triobailean
treble v tr trioblaich, vn trioblachadh m
tree n craobh f, gen craoibhe, pl craobhan
tree root n phr 1 freumh m craoibhe, gen freumha craoibhe, pl freumhan chraobh
2 bun-craoibhe m, gen & pl buin-chraoibhe
tree trunk n phr stoc m craoibhe, gen stuic chraoibhe, pl stuic chraobh
tree-stump n bun-craoibhe m, gen & pl buin-chraoibhe
tremor n 1 crith f, gen crithe, pl crithean
2 criothnachadh m, gen criothnachaidh, pl criothnachaidhean
trench n 1 trainnse f, pl trainnsichean. In the trenches, anns na trainnsichean
2 trainnse-ùrlair f, pl trainnsichean-ùrlair. Ocean trench, trainnse-ùrlair chuain
trench v tr trainnsich, vn trainnseachadh m
trenching n trainnseachadh m, gen trainnseachaidh
triangle n triantan m, gen & pl triantain. Right-angled triangle, triantan ceart-cheàrnach. Equilateral triangle, triantan ionann-thaobhach. Isosceles triangle, triantan co-chasach. Obtuse-angled triangle, triantan le ceàrn farsaing. Scalene triangle, triantan sgaileanach, or triantan neo-chothromach. Triangle faces, aodainnean triantain
triangular a triantanach, comp triantanaiche. Triangular prism, priosam triantanach. Triangular bandages, stalan triantanach
triangulate v tr triantanaich, vn triantanachadh m
triangulation n triantanachadh m, gen triantanachaidh
triangulation pillar n phr carragh f thriantanachaidh, gen carraigh triantanachaidh, pl carraighean triantanachaidh
• colbh m thriantanachaidh, gen & pl coilbh thriantanachaidh
tribe n 1 treubh f, gen treubha, trèibh, pl treubhan
2 cinneadh m, gen cinnidh, pl cinnidhean
tribunal n tribiunal m, gen & pl tribiunail. An industrial tribunal, tribiunal cosnaidh
tribulation n àmhghar, àmhghair m, gen àmhghair, pl àmhgharan, àmhghairean
tributary n 1 leas-abhainn f, gen leas-aibhne, pl leas-aibhnichean
2 (stream) meur f, gen & pl meòir
tributary mod leas. Tributary glacier, leas-eigh-shruth. Tributary valley, leas-ghleann
tributary stream n phr leas-shruth m, pl leas-shruthan
triceps n 1 triceps f
2 fèith f trì-cheannach, gen fèithe trì-cheannaich; musail f thrì-cheannach, gen musail trì-cheannach
trifid a (botany) trì-roinnte. Trifid bur marigold, sgeachag Muire thrì-roinnte
trimaran n trìomaran m, gen trìomarain, pl trìomaranan
triple a 1 trì-fillte
2 triobailte
3 expressed with triùir. The Triple Alliance, an Càirdeas Thriùir. The Triple Entente, an Entente Thriùir
triple v tr trioblaich, vn trioblachadh m
triumph n 1 caithream m, gen caithreim
2 buaidh-chaithream m, gen buaidh-chaithreim
triumphant a 1 caithreamach
2 buaidh-chaithreamach
trochaic a tròicèach. In the fourth phrase the first foot is trochaic and the second foot dactylic, anns a’ cheathramh abairt tha a’ chiad troigh tròicèach agus an dara troigh dactaileach. The second foot is paeanic or trochaic, i.e. having an odd number (three or one respectively) of syllables with lesser stress between the syllables having main stress, tha an dara troigh paeanach no tròicèach, i.e. le àireimh chòrr (a trì no a h-aon fa leth) de lidean le cudthrom as lugha eadar na lidean air a bheil prìomh chudthrom. The caesura sometimes comes after a dactylic foot, and sometines after a trochaic foot, tha an caesur uaireannan a’ tighinn an dèidh troighe dactailich, agus uaireannan an dèidh troighe tròicèich
trochee n tròicè f, pl tròicèithean
trolley n troilidh m, pl troilidhean. The trolley area, àite nan troilidhean
troop n buidheann m & f, gen buidhne, dat f buidhinn, pl buidhnean, buidhnichean
tropic n 1 tropaig f, pl tropaigean. The tropic of Cancer, tropaig Chansair. The tropic of Capricorn, tropaig Chapricorn
2 cearcall m grian-staid, gen & pl cearcaill ghrian-staid
tropics n pl tropaigean
tropical n tropaigeach, comp tropaigich. Tropical grassland, talamh-feòir tropaigeach. Tropical rainforests, coilltean-uisge tropaigeach. Tropical climbing plants, lusan sreap tropaigeach
troposphere n tropoisfear m, tropospeur m
trouble n 1 buaireadh m, gen buairidh
2 ànradh m, gen ànraidh, pl ànraidhean
trough n 1 (vessel for water) (a) amar m, gen amair, pl amaran, amraichean
(b) troch m, pl trochan. A drinking trough, troch uisge. A feeding trough, troch biathaidh
2 (meteorology) lag m, gen laig, pl lagan. A trough of low pressure, lag de bhruthadh ìosal
3 (of wave) lag m (na tuinne) , gen laig, pl lagan
trousers n briogais f, pl briogaisean. Three pairs of trousers, trì briogaisean
trout n breac m, gen & pl bric
trowel n sgreadhail f, pl sgreadhlaichean
truck n (lorry) truca f, pl trucaichean. A coal truck, truca ghuail. The cut coal is carried on a conveyor belt to be loaded into trucks, thèid an gual a tha air a ghearradh a ghiùlain air crios siubhail airson a lodadh air trucaichean
truck n (trade) malairt f
2 bathar m, gen bathair
truck farmer n phr, see market gardener n phr
true a 1 fìor, comp fìora, fìre
2 ceart, comp ceirte
truncate v tr
truncated a buntach. Truncated spur, spor buntach
trundle n
trundle wheel n phr 1 (= castor wheel) cuibhle f roithlein, pl cuibhleachan roithlein
2 (= measuring wheel) cuibhle-thomhais f, gen cuibhle-tomhais, pl cuibhleachan-tomhais; roth-tomhais m, gen rotha-thomhais, pl rothan-tomhais
trunk n stoc m, gen & pl stuic. A tree trunk, stoc craoibhe
trunk-road n prìomh-rathad m, gen prìomh-rathaid, pl prìomh-ròidean
trust n earbsa f. The teacher will establish trust, bidh an tidsear a’ stèidheachadh earbsa
tsunami n tsunami m
tub n ballan m, gen ballain, pl ballanan
tube n tiuba f, pl tiubachan
tuber n (botany) tiùbar m, gen tiùbair, pl tiùbaran
tuft n 1 dos m, gen duis, pl duis, dosan
2 topan m, gen & pl topain
3 babag f, gen babaig, pl babagan
4 (a) bad m, gen baid, pl badan
(b) badan m, gen badain, pl badanan
tufted a dosach
tufty a badanach
tug n (boat) bàta-slaodaidh m, gen bàta-shlaodaidh, pl bàtaichean-slaodaidh
tug-boat n bàta-slaodaidh m, gen bàta-shlaodaidh, pl bàtaichean-slaodaidh
tuition n teagasg m, gen teagaisg. As a medium of tuition, mar mheadhan teagaisg
tumble-dryer n car-thiormadair m, pl car-thiormadairean
tumult n ùpraid f, gen ùpraide, pl ùpraidean
tundra n tundra m
tune n fonn m, gen & pl fuinn. What tune does it have? dè am fonn a tha air?. To the tune of “’S ann tha an èifeachd am fuil an uain”, air fonn “’S ann tha an èifeachd am fuil an uain”
tune v tr gleus, vn gleusadh m
tuning fork v tr forc-ghleusaidh f, gen forc-gleusaidh, pl forcan-gleusaidh
tuneful a 1 binn, comp binne
2 fonnmhor, comp fonnmhoire
tungsten n tungstan m, gen tungstain
tunnel n tunail m & f, pl tunailean. To reach the coal seam a shaft and tunnel have been dug through the rock, airson an sìoga guail a ruighinn chaidh toll-mèinne agus tunail a chladhach tron chreig. The tunnel’s safety authority, ùghdarras sàbhailteachd an tunail
turbid a ruaimleach. Turgid water, uisge ruaimleach
turbine n 1 tuirbin m, pl tuirbinean
2 roth-uidheam m, gen roth-uidheim, pl roth-uidheaman
turbo-generator n 1 turbo-ghineadair m, pl turbo-ghineadairean
turbulence n buaireas m, gen buaireis
turbulent a buaireasach, comp buaireasaiche
turf n 1 sgrath f, pl sgrathan
2 fàl m, gen fàil. A type of building rectangular in shape built around a wattle-work frame and walled in turf, gnè de thogalach air chumadh ceart-cheàrnach agus air a thogail air cliathan caolaich, agus le balla de dh’fhàl. Turf walled buildings had a short life and the turves could be reused as fertiliser for the fields, cha mhaireadh togalaichean le ballachan-fàil fada agus bhite a’ cleachdadh an t-seann fhàil mar mhathachadh do na raointean. Small huts of stone and turf were built for the people at the shielings, bha bothain bheaga chloiche agus fhàil air an togail do mhuinntir na h-àirigh
turf walled a phr le balla-fàil, le ballachan-fàil. Turf walled buildings had a short life, cha mhaireadh togalaichean le ballachan-fàil fada
Turk pr n Tuirceach m, gen & pl Tuircich
Turkey pr n an Tuirc f, gen na Tuirce
Turkish pr n (language) Tuircis f
Turkish a Tuirceach
turkey n cearc-Fhrangach f, gen circe-Frangaich, pl cearcan-Frangach; coileach-Frangach m, gen coilich-Fhrangaich, pl coilich-Fhrangach
turn n 1 cuairt f, pl cuairtean. A full turn, cuairt iomlan
2 turas m, gen turais, pl tursan. It is my turn, ’s e mo thuras-sa a th’ ann
in turn adv phr 1 (a) mu seach. Each of the outcomes being visited in turn, a’ tadhal air gach buil, tè mu seach
(b) tè mu seach, fear mu seach. Each aspect may be dealt with in turn, faodar dèiligeadh ris gach earrainn, tè mu seach
2 a-rithist. This later building has in turn been adapted for use as a small sheep pen, chaidh an togalach as fhadalaiche seo atharrachadh a-rithist gu bhith air a chleachdadh mar chrò beag do chaoraich
turn of phrase v phr expressed with dòigh àraidh air smaoin a chur an cèill. There will still be a need for the teacher to help pupils with a turn of phrase, feumaidh an tidsear fhathast a’ chlann a chuideachadh le dòigh àraidh air smaoin a chur an cèill
turn v tr 1 tionndaidh, vn tionndadh m
2 stiùir, vn stiùireadh m. When their minds have been caught and turned towards a worthwhile enterprise, an uair a ghabhar greim air na h-inntinnean aca agus a stiùirear iad a dh’ionnsaigh iomairt as fhiach an t-saothair
turn into v phr 1 tionndaidh plus an prep, vn tionndadh plus an prep. He is turning into a nice boy, tha e a’ tionndadh na bhalach snog
2 rach ann an riochd, vn dol ann an riochd. She turned into a hare, chaidh i ann an riochd gearra
3 cuir ann an riochd, vn cur ann an riochd. By showing pupils how to turn basic story ideas into plays, le bhith a’ sealltainn don chloinn mar a chuireas iad bun-bheachdan sìmplidh stòiridh ann an riochd dhealbh-chluichean
turn through v phr tionndaidh tro, vn tionndadh tro
turning point n phr 1 làrach f thionndaidh, gen làraich tionndaidh, pl làraichean tionndaidh
2 tionndadh m, gen tionndaidh, pl tionndaidhean. The notions of openings, turning points, resolutions can be introduced, faodar nithean mar tha fosglaidhean, tionndaidhean agus fuasglaidhean a thoirt a-steach
turntable n 1 clàr-tionndaidh m, gen clàir-thionndaidh, pl clàran-tionndaidh
2 cuairtean m, gen & pl cuairtein
turn-taking n expressed with a bhith ag obair duine mu seach. They will be shown the need for turn-taking, bithear a’ sealltainn dhaibh cho riatanach ’s a tha e a bhith ag obair duine mu seach
tusk n tosg m, gen tuisg, pl tuisg, tosgan
2 sgor-fhiacail f, pl sgor-fhiaclan
tweezers n greimiche m, pl greimichean
twelfth a 1 dara-deug
2 dà-dheugamh
twice adv dà uair
twilight n 1 (morning) camhanaich f
2 (evening) (a) ciarachadh m, gen ciarachaidh
(b) beul m na h-oidhche
twin n leth-aon m, gen & pl leth-aoin
twins n pl 1 leth-aoin
2 càraid m
twine n (garden twine) tobha m sreanga, gen tobha shreanga
twine v tr toinn, vn toinneamh m
twist v tr toinn, vn toinneamh
two n a dhà. Such criteria should be limited to one or two at any one time, tha còir an leithid seo de bhun-chomharraidhean a bhith air an cuingealachadh ri aon no dhà aig àm sam bith
two a 1 dà (plus dual). Two hens, dà chirc. If one hen lays about 250 eggs in a year, how many eggs would two hens lay in one year? ma bheireas aon chearc ann am bliadhna, co mheud ugh a bheireas dà chirc ann an aon bhliadhna? Others may show exceptional ability in only one or two strands, bidh cuid eile, dh’fhaoidte, nach eil a’ nochdadh comas neo-chumanta ach ann an aon no ann an dà èill
2 expressed with dithis f plus gen pl. Demonstration dialogues by two teachers or other adults, còmhraidhean taisbeanaidh eadar dithis thidsearan no inbheach eile
two-rowed a (botany) dà-shreathach. Two-rowed barley, eòrna dà-shreathach
type n clò m
bold type n phr clò m trom. Identified (pl) in bold type, air an comharrachadh le clò trom
italic type n phr clò m Eadailteach
type n 1 seòrsa m, pl seòrsachan. Type of text, seòrsa teacsa. Tale type, seòrsa sgeulachd. The study of genre helps pupils to see how the form and content of distinctive types of texts reflect their underlying purposes, cuidichidh beachdachadh air gnè a’ chlann gu bhith a’ tuigsinn mar tha cruth sheòrsachan àraidh de theacsaichean, agus na bheil annta, a’ comharrachadh nan adhbhar a tha air an cùl. features of different types of simple texts, nithean a bhuineas do chaochladh sheòrsachan de theacsaichean sìmplidh. As pupils’ familiarity with types of text increases, mar a bhitheas eòlas na cloinne air seòrsachan theacsa a’ meudachadh
2 gnè f. Examples of the same types of texts, eisimpleirean den aon ghnè theacsaichean. Two simple texts of different types, dà theacsa shìmplidh de ghnè eadar-dhealaichte. Viking settlers introduced a type of building rectangular in shape, thug luchd-tuineachaidh Lochlannach a-steach gnè de thogalach air chumadh ceart-cheàrnach. This song has the same type of amhran metre as two other of the bard’s songs, tha an aon ghnè de mheadrachd amhrain air an òran seo ’s a tha air a dhà eile de chuid òran a’ bhàird
type v tr clò-sgrìobh, vn clò-sgrìobhadh m
typed a clò-sgrìobhte
typing n clò-sgrìobhadh m, gen clò-sgrìobhaidh
typescript n clò-sgrìobhainn f, gen clò-sgrìobhainnean
typesetter n clò-shuidhiche m, pl clò-shuidhichean
typewriter n clò-sgrìobhadair m, pl clò-sgrìobhadairean
typhus n tìofas m, gen tìofais
2 (familiar) am fiabhras m ballach, gen an fhiabhrais bhallaich
typical a 1 expressed with eisimpleir m, pl eisimpleirean, (plus den t-seòrsa). The roundhouses that can be viewed from the trail are typical of the whole settlement, tha na taighean-cruinne a chithear bhon t-slighe nan eisimpleirean den t-seòrsa a gheibhear san àite-thuineachaidh air fad
2 expressed with dìreach an rud. That’s typical of him, sin dìreach an rud a dhèanadh e, a theireadh e
typist n clò-sgrìobhaiche m, pl clò-sgrìobhaichean
typographer n clò-ghrafair m, pl clò-ghrafairean
typographical a clò-ghrafach
• a bhuineas do chlò-bhualadh. To recognise differences in likely content from page layouts and other typographical devices, gus eadar-dhealachaidhean aithneachadh anns an t-susbaint a tha coltach o chumadh nan duilleag agus o innleachdan eile a bhuineas do chlò-bhualadh
typography n clò-ghrafachd f
typological a gnè-eòlasach
typology n gnè-eòlas m, gen gnè-eòlais
tyrannical n aintighearnail
tyranny n aintighearnas m, gen aintighearnais
tyrant n aintighearn m, aintighearna, pl aintighearnan
tyre n taidhr f, pl taidhrichean. Hard tyres, taidhrichean cruaidh. Pneumatic tire, taidhr èadhair
U
Uist pr n Uibhist
North Uist pr n Uibhist a Tuath
South Uist pr n Uibhist a Deas
ultra-filtration n ultra-shìoladh m, gen ultra-shìolaidh
ultra-violet a ultra-vìolait
Ulva pr n Ulbha
umbrella n sgàilean m, gen sgàilein, pl sgàileanan
umlaut n umlaut m, umlabht m
umpire n britheamh m, gen britheimh, pl britheamhan; also breitheamh m, gen breitheimh, pl breitheamhan
umpire v tr
umpiring n breitheamhnas m, gen breitheamhnais
unacceptable a expressed with neg plus gabhail m ri. Discriminatory remarks are unacceptable in the pre-school, cha ghabhar ri cainnt lethbhreitheach san ro-sgoil. Children who misbehave will be taken aside and the playleader will explain why such behaviour is unacceptable, thèid clann a bhitheas ri droch-ghiùlan a thoirt an dara taobh agus mìnichidh an neach-stiùiridh carson nach tèid gabhail ris a leithid a ghiùlan
unaccompanied a expressed with gun inbheach cuide rithe/ris. They should ensure that a child never leaves the premises unaccompanied, is còir gun dèan iad cinnteach nach fhàg neach-cloinne an togalach uair sam bith gun inbheach cuide rithe/ris
unaided a gun taice. They should consider whether the text is best suited to be read unaided, tha còir aca beachdachadh air co-dhiùbh a tha an teacsa nas freagarraiche airson a leughadh gun taice
unambiguous a gun dà-sheaghachd
unambiguously adv gun dà-sheaghachd. If one were seeking a concise way to represent definitely and unambiguously a type of metre one would have to name the kind of feet occuring in the lines as well as give the formula for the syllables, nam bite a’ lorg dòigh ghoirid gus gnè mheadrachd a riochdachadh gu cinnteach, gun dà-sheaghachd, dh’fheumte an seòrsa throìghean a bha air na sreathan ainmeachadh cho math ri foirmle nan lidean a thoirt
unanimity n 1 aon-inntinn f, gen aon-inntinne
2 aon-inntinneachd f
unanimous a aon-inntinneach
unattended a expressed with gun inbheach còmhla ri. Checks will include the prevention of children from leaving the premises unattended, am measg na thèid a dhearbhadh bithidh a bhith a’ cur casg air cloinn bho bhith a’ fàgail an togalaich gun inbheach còmhla riutha
unauthorised a gun ùghdarras. There must be security against unauthorised access to the building, feumaidh tèarainteachd a bhith ann an aghaidh a bhith a’ faighinn a-steach don togalach gun ùghdarras
unbalanced a neo-chothromaichte. Unbalanced forces, fòrsaichean neo-chothromaichte
unbeliever n ana-creidmheach m, gen & pl ana-creidmhich
unbranched a (botany) neo-mheurach. Unbranched bur-reed, n rìgh-sheisg neo-mheurach
uncivilised a borb, comp buirbe
unclassified a neo-sheòrsaichte
uncle n uncail m, pl uncailean. He’s an uncle of Donald’s wife, ’s e uncail do bhean Dhòmhnaill a th’ ann
(maternal) uncle n phr bràthair m màthar, gen bràthar màthar, pl bràithrean màthar; also bràthair do mhàthair, etc
(paternal) uncle n phr bràthair f athar, gen bràthar athar, pl bràithrean athar; also bràthair do dh’athair, etc. Donald was a (paternal) uncle of Mary’s, ’s e brathair do dh’athair Màiri a bh’ ann an Dòmhnall
uncork v tr 1 às-àrcaich, vn às-àrcachadh m
2 thoir an corcas à, vn toirt a’ chorcais à. He uncorked the bottle, thug e an corcas às a’ bhotal
uncorked a expressed with an corcas air a thoirt à. Leave the uncorked bottle beside the fire, fàg am botal agus an corcas air a thoirt às ri taobh an teine
uncritical a
uncritically adv gun cheist. These responses will be simple and uncritically accepted, cha bhi na freagairtean seo ach sìmplidh agus gabhar riutha gun cheist
undercut v tr 1 fo-gheàrr, vn fo-ghearradh m
2 toll fo, vn tolladh m fo
undercutting n fo-ghearradh m, gen fo-ghearraidh
underground a fo-thalamh. Underground railway, rèile fho-thalamh
undergrowth n 1 fo-fhas m, gen fo-fhàis
2 frith-choille f
underline v tr cuir stràc fo, vn cur stràic fo
underlined a fo-stràcte
underlining n fo-stràcadh m, gen fo-stràcaidh. To use highlighting and underlining, gus sònrachadh agus fo-shràcadh a chleachdadh
underlie v tr
underlying a 1 expressed with a tha air cùl. The study of genre helps pupils to see how the form and content of distinctive types of texts reflect their underlying purposes, cuidichidh beachdachadh air gnè a’ chlann gu bhith a’ tuigsinn mar tha cruth sheòrsachan àraidh de theacsaichean, agus na bheil annta, a’ comharrachadh nan adhbhar a tha air an cùl
2 expressed with a tha air cùl chùisean. Pupils will discuss underlying main ideas, bidh a’ chlann a’ beachdachadh air na prìomh bhun-bheachdan a tha air cùl chùisean
3 expressed with na tha a’ gluasad. Rather, it is the business of media education to explore the underlying reasons for all viewpoints, ’s e a tha fa-near do dh’oideachadh mu na meadhain, rannsachadh a dhèanamh air na tha a’ gluasad a h-uile beachd a tha ann
understand v tr 1 tuig, vn tuigsinn f. So that they can fully realise their ability to understand Gaelic, gus an toirt a dh’ionnsaigh an làn chomais air a’ Ghàidhlig a thuigsinn. Pupils will listen individually and in groups so as to understand what they have heard, bidh sgoilearan ag èisteachd an dà chuid fa leth agus nam buidhnean ach an tuig iad na chuala iad. Show that they know, understand and can use at least the following terms, a’ nochdadh gur aithne dhaibh, gun tuig iad agus gun cleachd iad co-dhiù na faclan a leanas
2 faigh tuigse air, vn faighinn tuigse air. Media education should help pupils to understand how and where media messages are created, bu chòir do dh’oideachadh anns na meadhain clann a chuideachadh gus tuigse fhaighinn air ciamar a tha teachdaireachdan nam meadhan a’ tighinn am bith, agus càit a bheil seo a’ tachairt. When an interpretation of body language may be necessary to understand fully the overall communication, agus feum air cànain bhodhaig a bhreithneachadh gus tuigse iomlan fhaighinn air a’ chonaltradh anns an fharsaingeachd
3 dèan tuigse, vn dèanamh tuigse. Pupils will be able to understand short. straightforward texts consisting of familiar language in a familiar context, thèid aig a’ chloinn air tuigse a dhèanamh air teacsaichean goirid, furasta ann an cainnt agus ann an suidheachadh air a bheil iad eòlach
4 expressed with tuigse f. It is now recognised that pupils’ ability to understand and use language depends more on their ability to see how larger units are manipulated, a-nis thàtar a’ gabhail ris gu bheil comas-tuigse agus comas-cleachdaidh na cloinne air cànain nas motha an urra ri an comas air a bhith a’ tuigsinn mar tha aonadan nas motha air an ullachadh
understanding n 1 tuigse f. A strand is a sequence of targets in a key aspect of understanding, ’s e a tha ann an ‘iall’ ach sreath de chuimsean ann an earrainn chudthromaich air choireigin de thuigse. Through these experiences extend pupils’ understanding, a’ leudachadh leis na fiosraichidhean seo air tuigse na cloinne. Link different kinds of skills, experiences, understanding and knowledge, a’ ceangal ri chèile caochladh sheòrsachan sgil, fiosrachaidh, tuigse agus eòlais. They will be encouraged to ask questions to secure understanding, bithear gam misneachadh gus ceistean fhaighneachd, gus tuigse a dhèanamh nas cinntiche. To establish an understanding of the listening process, gus tuigse air obair-èisteachd a stèidheachadh. Understanding what is required of them enables pupils to focus their minds on how to meet it, tha tuigse air na thàtar a’ sùileachadh orra a’ toirt cothroim don chloinn an inntinn a leagail air mar a choileanas iad sin. Pupils will be encouraged to set their understandings of texts against their own knowledge, misnichear a’ chlann gu bhith a’ co-chur an tuigse air na teacsaichean ris an eòlas aca fhèin
2 expressed with tuigseach a. Reading with understanding, a bhith a’ leughadh gu tuigseach
3 expressed with tuig, vn tuigsinn f. Examples might be short written responses, testing understanding of what has been heard, mar eisimpleir, dh’fhaodadh freagairtean sgrìobhte goirid a bhith ann mar dheuchainn air cho math ’s a thuigeadh nì a chaidh a chluinntinn
4 eòlas m, gen eòlais. Situations in which they explore and develop an understanding of the world, suidhichidhean anns am bi iad a’ rannsachadh an t-saoghail agus a’ fàs ann an eòlas air. Identifying the genre of a text is a skill which leads to a better understanding of texts, ’s e sgil a tha ann a bhith a’ cur aithne air gnè teacsa a thig gu eòlas nas fheàrr air teacsaichean fhèin
5 expressed with nì m a tha … a’ tuigsinn, pl nithean ….The form of assessment of these ideas should be one which allows pupils to record their understandings, tha còir aig cruth measadh nam bun-smuaintean seo cothrom a thoirt don chloinn a bhith a’ dèanamh iomraidh air na nithean a tha iad a’ tuigsinn
undertake v tr 1 dèan, vn dèanamh m. Each RDG undertook a wide-ranging review, rinn gach BSL sgrùdadh farsaing. It will help them to undertake a systematic review, cuidichidh e iad gus breithneachadh rianail a dhèanamh. There will be pupils in P6 who will be successfully undertaking tasks that appear at Level E, bidh clann ann am B6 agus thèid aca air obair a dhèanamh a tha a’ nochdadh aig Ìre E
2 gabh os làimh, vn gabhail os làimh. Pupils will undertake practical activities, bidh a’ chlann a’ gabhail os làimh gnìomhan prataigeach. Assignments that they can successfully undertake as homework, gnìomhan a thèid aca air a ghabhail os làimh aig an dachaigh. Such as an activity undertaken, mar tha obair a ghabhadh os làimh. Non-narrative writing is often undertaken in the context of other curriculum areas, bidh sgrìobhadh neo-sheanchasail gu tric ga ghabhail os làimh ann an suidhichidhean eile sa chlàr-theagaisg. The following ranges of activities might be undertaken in each of the outcomes, dh’fhaoidte caochladh ghnìomhan, mar a leanas, a ghabhail os làimh anns gach aon de na builean
undertaking n expressed with geall, vn gealltainn. In accordance with an undertaking given, mar chaidh a ghealltainn
underwood n see undergrowth n
undisturbed a neo-ghluaiste. These rocks form the oldest undisturbed sediments in Britain, ’s iad na creagan seo na grùidean neo-ghluaiste as sine ann am Breatainn
undulate v i
undulating a 1 tulgach. Undulating hills, cnuic thulgach, or cnuic chruinne, neo-chas
2 udalach
unemployed a 1 gun obair. The unemployed, daoine gun obair
2 dìomhain
unemployment n dì-chosnadh m, gen dì-chosnaidh. The rate of unemployment in the city is as high as any other area in Europe, tha an ìre dì-chosnaidh anns a’ bhaile cho àrd ri sgìre sam bith eile anns an Roinn-Eòrpa
unequal a neo-ionann. Unequal sharing, roinn neo-ionann
uneven a 1 neo-chòmhnard, comp neo-chòmhnaird
2 corrach, comp corraich
3 mì-chothromach
unfair a 1 (a) mì-cheart, comp mì-cheirt
(b) ana-ceart, comp ana-ceirte
2 mì-chothromach, comp mì-chothromaich
unfairness n anacothrom m, gen anacothruim
unfamiliar a 1 expressed with air nach eil … eòlach. A short unfamiliar text, teacsa goirid air nach eil iad eòlach. By alerting pupils to unfamiliar content, le bhith a’ cur an sùilean na cloinne susbaint air nach eil iad eòlach
2 expressed with nach eilear eòlach air. To listen to texts to notice unfamiliar vocabulary and forms, èisteachd ri teacsaichean gus aire thoirt do bhriathrachas agus do ghnàthasan nach eilear eòlach orra
3 expressed with nach aithne do. Pupils can be shown how to gain an overview of an unfamiliar text, faodar a nochdadh do chloinn mar a gheibh iad sealladh farsaing air teacsa nach aithne dhaibh
unfold I v tr 1 thoir às an fhilleadh, vn toirt às an fhilleadh
2 fosgail a-mach, vn fosgladh a-mach. She unfolded the letter, dh’fhosgail i a-mach an litir
II unfold v i thig am follais, vn tighinn am follais. As text unfolds, mar a tha an teacs a’ tighinn am follais
ungainly a
big, ungainly man n phr crùislig m, pl crùisligean; also crùisleach m, gen crùislich, pl crùislichean. He was such a big, ungainly man, bha e na chrùislig cho mòr
ungodly a aindiadhaidh
unicellular a aon-cheallach
unicycle n aon-chuibhleach m, gen & pl aon-chuibhlich; aona-rothaire m, pl aona-rothairean
unification n co-aonachadh m, gen co-aonachaidh. The unification of Germany, co-aonachadh na Gearmailt
uniform a cunbhalach
uniform n èideadh m (dreuchdail), gen èididh, pl èididhean
uniform a 1 aon-fhillte
2 aon-dealbhach, comp aon-dealbhaiche
3 cunbhalach, comp cunbhalaich
4 co-ionann
unify v tr co-aonaich, vn co-aonachadh m
unified a 1 co-aonaichte
2 aonaichte. These components are not assessed in isolation but within a unified context, chan eil na roinnean seo gam measadh leotha fhèin agus air leth, ach ann an suidheachadh aonaichte
unimportant a 1 neo-chudthromach
2 beag-seaghach. Usually this secondary stress falls on an unimportant word, e.g. an adverb or “bhith”, mar as tric ’s ann air facal beag-seaghach, m.e. roimhear no “bhith”, a tha an darnacha cudthrom seo a’ tighinn
unintentional a 1 expressed with neg plus a dheòin. It was an unintentional act of mine, ’s e gnìomh a bha ann nach d’rinn mi dham dheòin
2 do-rùnaichte
3 expressed with san rùn plus air a chaochladh. Fact and opinion are used to discuss the identification of intentional or unintentional bias, bithear a’ cleachdadh fìrinn agus beachd gus beachdachadh air a bhith a’ cur aithne air claon-bhreith, biodh sin san rùn no air a chaochladh
unintentionally adv expressed with neg plus a dheòin. He did it unintentionally, cha d’rinn e dha dheòin e
union n 1 aonadh m, gen aonaidh, pl aonaidhean
2 aonachadh m, gen aonachaidh
Union Jack pr n Seoc m an Aonaidh
unionist n aonadair, m, pl aonadairean
Unionist pr n neach-taic m an Aonaidh, pl luchd-taic an Aonaidh. Unionists and Republicans, luchd-taic an Aonaidh agus luchd-taic na Poblachd
unique a gun samhail. The land by the river is rich in history but it is not unique, tha am fearann mun abhainn dha-rìreabh làn eachdraidh ach chan eil e gun samhail
unit n aonad m, gen aonaid, pl aonadan. Tens and units, deichean agus aonadan. To the nearest unit, gun aonad as fhaisge. The word “text” denotes the unit of language that is being studied, tha am facal “teacsa” a’ ciallachadh an aonaid chànain a thàtar a’ sgrùdadh. This unit of language may contain non-linguistic features of communication, faodaidh an t-aonad cànain seo seòrsachan co-luadair a ghabhail a-staigh nach buin do chànain. In any particular learning activity such as a theme, or topic, or unit study, ann an gnìomh ionnsachaidh àraidh mar tha cuspair, mion-chuspair no aonad oideachaidh
unitary a 1 aonaichte. The new unitary authorities in Scotland, na h-ùghdarrasan aonaichte ùra ann an Alba
2 expressed with aonaichte, leantainneach. The teaching of Gaelic from P1 to B2, a unitary process with similar approaches across the age range, teagasg na Gàidhlig bho B1 gu A2, oir is obair aonaichte, leantainneach sin, le dòighean obrach den aon ghnè o aois gu aois
unite v tr 1 aonaich, vn aonachadh m
2 aoin, vn aonadh m
united a aonaichte
United Kingdom (the) pr n an Rìoghachd f Aonaichte, gen na Rìoghachd Aonaichte
United States (the) pr n na Stàitean f pl Aonaichte, gen nan Stàitean Aonaichte
unity n aonachd f. Unity is strength, is aonachd neart
universal a co-choitcheann. Universal grammar, gràmar co-choitcheann
universality n co-choitcheannas m, gen co-choitcheannais
universe n domhan m, gen & pl domhain. Parallel universes, domhain cho-shìnte. Plurality of universes, iolrachd de dhomhain
2 cruinne-cè f. The wonders of the universe, iongantasan na cruinne-cè
university n oilthigh m, pl oilthighean
unjust a ana-ceart, comp ana-ceirte
unlike a eu-choltach ri, ao-coltach ri
unlikely adv 1 eu-coltach, ao-coltach. But perhaps this is rather unlikely, and it would be safer to regard the metre as a kind of amhran, ach dh’fhaodadh gu bheil seo beagan eu-coltach, agus gum bitheadh e na bu chinntiche a’ mheadrachd a thuigsinn mar ghnè amhrain
2 expressed with dùil f plus neg. While there is unlikely to be, ged nach eil dùil gum bi
unmarked a neo-chomharraichte
unproven a gun dearbhadh. An unproven assumtion, barail gun dearbhadh
unresolved a expressed with neg plus fhuair fuasgladh. Texts in which there are characters whose emotional conflicts remain unresolved, teacsaichean anns a bheil pearsachan nach d’fhuair fuasgladh fhathast air an spàirn a tha anns na faireachdainnean aca
unripe a an-abaich
unrounded a (ling) neo-chruinn. Unrounded vowel, fuaimreag neo-chruinn
unsold a expressed with nach deach a reic. Return any unsold tickets and their stubs, till tiocaid sam bith agus an t-sàil aice nach deach a reic
unsorted a neo-sheòrsaichte. The unsorted nature of the moraine material can be easily seen, chithear gu furasta nàdar neo-sheòrsaichte an stuth a tha anns a’ mhoraine
unstable a neo-sheasmhach, comp neo-sheasmhaich
unsteady a 1 corrach, comp corraich
2 critheanach, comp critheanaich
unstressed a gun chudthrom. An unstressed syllable, lide gun chudthrom. There are seven or eight syllables, depending on the number of unstressed syllables, in each line, tha seachd no ochd a lidean, a-rèir àireamh nan lidean gun chudthrom, anns gach sreath. There will often be an extra unstressed syllable in one of the half-lines, gu tric bithidh lide gun chudthrom a chòrr ann am fear de na leth-shreathan. It is likely that this unstressed rhyme came from the mediaeval metre Ochtfhoclach bec, tha e coltach gun tànaig an comhardadh gun chudthrom a tha seo bhon mheadrachd mheadhan-aoiseil Ochtfhoclach bec
unstructured a gun structar. Dramatic activities can be simple, informal and relatively unstructured, faodaidh gnìomhan-dràma a bhith sìmplidh, neo-fhoirmeil agus gu ìre gun structar
unsupervised a expressed with gun sùil a chumail air. No child may be left unsupervised while playing in water, chan fhaodar neach-cloinne sam bith a tha a’ cluich ann an uisge fhàgail gun sùil a chumail air
unsurpassed a expressed with thoir bàrr air, vn toirt bàrr air, plus neg. These figures are unsurpassed anywhere in the world, chan eil àite sam bith san t-saoghal a’ toirt bàrr air na figearan seo
untie v tr
become untied v phr tuanaig, vn tuanaigeadh m. My lace became untied, thuanaig mo bharall
unusual a 1 neo-àbhaisteach, comp neo-àbhaistich
2 annasach, comp annasaiche
unusually adv gu neo-àbhaisteach. In the first verse this rhyme, unusually, chnges after the second phrase, anns a’ chiad rainn tha an comhardadh seo, gu neo-àbhaisteach, ag atharrachadh an dèidh na dara abairte
unwilling a ain-deònach, comp ain-deònaiche
up adv 1 (a) (motion away) (i) suas. He went up, chaidh e suas
(ii) an-àird. He went up, chaidh e an-àird
(b) (motion towards) (i) a-nìos. He came up, thàinig e a-nìos
also a-nuas (frequently found instead of a-nìos, where a-nìos would be logically expected from the pattern of these advv of place). He came up, thàinig e a-nuas
(ii) an-àird. He came up, thàinig e an-àird
(c) (rest) (i) shuas. He is up now, tha e shuas a-nis
(ii) gu h-àird. He is up now, tha e gu h-àird a-nis
2 (a) air bhonn. They set up the meeting, chuir iad a’ choinneamh air bhonn
(b) air chois. They set up the meeting, chuir iad a’ choinneamh air chois
3 (a) am bàrr
(b) am mullach
up prep 1 (motion) (a) (i) suas (plus rad). He went up the hill, chaidh e suas am bruthach. He came up the hill, thàinig e suas am bruthach. He went up the stairs, chaidh e suas an staighre
(ii) suas an prep. He went up it, chaidh e suas ann
(b) (i) an-àird (plus rad). He went up the hill, chaidh e an-àird am bruthach. He came up the hill, thàinig e an-àird am bruthach. He went up the stairs, chaidh e an-àird an staighre
(ii) an-àird an prep. He went up it, chaidh e an-àird ann
2 (rest) (a) shuas (plus rad). He is up the hill now, tha e shuas am bruthach a-nis. The shop is further up the street, tha a’ bhùth nas fhaide shuas an t-sràid. Most of the shieling huts were built further up the valley, chaidh a’ chuid a bu mhotha de na bothain-àirigh a thogail na b’ fhaide shuas an gleann
(b) (i) an-àird (plus rad). He is up the hill now, tha e an-àird am bruthach a-nis
(ii) an-àird an prep (plus dat). The cat is up a tree, tha an cat an-àird ann an craoibh. The cat is up the tree, tha an cat an-àird sa chraoibh
update v tr cuir ri, vn cur ri. It is suggested that such a profile might be updated at the end of blocks of teaching. thàtar a’ cur mun aire gum faodaiste cur ri a leithid seo de theisteanas aig deireadh earrainnean teagaisg
upgrade v tr cuir am feabhas, vn cur am feabhas
upgrading n cur m am feabhas. They are in need of substantial upgrading, tha iad feumach air tomhas mòr de chur am feabhas
uphill a shuas am bruthach. The building was more stable on the uphill side, bha an togalach na bu seasmhaiche aig an taobh a bha shuas am bruthach
uphill adv 1 ri bruthach
2 suas. After entering the gate walk diagonally uphill for 100 metres, an dèidh dhol a-steach an geata dìrich air fiaradh suas airson 100 meatair
upland a sa mhonadh. Upland reservoirs, stòr-amaran sa mhonadh
upside down adv bun os cionn
upward a suas. Upward pull, tarrainn suas
upwards adv 1 suas. She went upwards, chaidh i suas
2 a-nìos. She is coming upwards, tha i a’ tighinn a-nìos
upper a 1 nas àirde, as àirde. In the middle and upper ranges of the 5-14 year group, aig an aois mheadhain agus an aois as àirde anns a’ bhuidhinn 5-14
2 uachdrach. The upper course of the river, cùrsa uachdrach na h-aibhne
3 expressed with bràigh m, gen bràighe. The lack of gables suggests the upper walls were formed of turf, chan eil tulachainnean air agus mar sin bidh e coltach gur ann de dh’fhàl a bha bràigh nam ballachan dèante
upper part n phr bràigh m, gen bràighe, bràghad, pl bràigheachan. The Upper Part of Lochaber, Bràigh Lochabair
upper stages n phr expressed with bliadhnachan mu dheireadh. In the upper stages of the primary school, anns na bliadhnachan mu dheireadh sa bhunsgoil
upthrust n sàthadh-suas m, gen sàthaidh-suas
urban a 1 cathaireil. Urban Wastewater Treatment Regulations, Riaghailtean Leasachaidh Uisge-Chaithte Chathaireil
2 (a) baile. Urban renewal, ath-nuadhachadh baile
(b) bailteil. Urban sprawl, sgaoileadh bailteil
3 expressed with baile m mòr. In largely urban areas, gu h-àraidh sna bailtean mòra
urbanise v tr bailtich, vn bailteachadh m
urbanisation n bailteachadh m, gen bailteachaidh
Urdu pr n (language) Ùrdu f; Ùrduthais f
urge v tr cuir ìmpidh air, vn cur ìmpidh air. Teachers are therefore urged to use the attainment targets, mar sin, thàtar a’ cur ìmpidh air luchd-teagaisg na cuimsean coileanaidh a chleachdadh
use n 1 (a) feum m, pl feuman. Although the speech children bring to school already makes use of complex structures, ged a tha a’ chainnt-bheòil a tha a’ chlann a’ toirt don sgoil a’ dèanamh feum cheana de structairean ioma-fhillte. Making full use of opportunities for Gaelic activities and development, a’ dèanamh làn fheum de gach cothrom airson gnìomhan agus leasachadh co-cheangailte ris a’ Ghàidhlig. There will be a corresponding need for listeners to be more aware of the uses to which the listening is to be put, an co-cheangal ri seo feumaidh luchd-èisteachd barrachd mothachaidh a bhith aca air na feuman a thàtar a’ dol a dhèanamh den èisteachd
(b) expressed with mar a chuirear gu feum. Give pupils a working knowledge of reference materials and their uses, eòlas a thoirt don chloinn air stuthan fiosrachaidh agus mar a chuirear gu feum iad
2 comas m, gen comais. Help pupils to develop confidence and pleasure in their own use of Gaelic, a’ cuideachadh na cloinne gus earbsa a bhith aca nan comas fhèin sa Ghàidhlig agus gus toileachas fhaotainn às sin
3 (a) cleachdadh m, gen cleachdaidh. Making some use of appropriate literary conventions, leis na h-uiread de chleachdadh air nòsan-litreachais iomchaidh. Including simple use of commas, le cleachdadh sìmplidh air cromagan. The use of concept keyboards can also be of help, faodaidh cleachdadh chlàr-iuchrach bhun-smuain cuideachd a bhith feumail. The use of an assessment profile should be flexible, tha còir cleachdadh an teisteanais-mheasaidh a bhith fosgailte. Maximum use of the language for communication relevant to children’s needs, làn-chleachdadh air a’ chànain airson conaltraidh da-rìreabh a bhuineas do dh’fheuman na cloinne
(b) expressed with cleachd, vn cleachdadh. Informational texts make straightforward use of facts, tha teacsaichean fiosrachaidh a’ cleachdadh eòlais ann an dòigh shìmplidh. For example, use of more than one character, mar eisimpleir, còrr is aon phearsa ga chleachdadh. Sound is a general term for use in discussion, ’s e briathar coitcheann a tha ann am fuaim gus a chleachdadh ann am beachdachadh. The output phase, featuring use of language for real communicative purposes, an fho-rèis a-mach, anns a bheil a’ chànain air a chleachdadh airson fìor adhbhairean conaltraidh
(c) expressed with a bhith a’ cleachdadh. They should be reinforced through regular use, bu chòir an daingneachadh le bhith gan cleachdadh gu cunbhalach. The process of reading and discussion can be developed by use of listening centres, faodar fàs a thoirt air leughadh agus air beachdachadh le bhith a’ cleachdadh ionadan-èisteachd. Pupils with difficulties in handwriting will gain in confidence through the use of word-processing, bidh clann le duilgheadasan ann an làmh-sgrìobhadh a’ fàs ann am misneach le bhith a’ cleachdadh dealbh-sgrìobhaidh. Pupils’ confidence in the use of language, misneach cloinne ann a bhith a’ cleachdadh cànain. Its use can link with other language areas, faodaidh a bhith ga chleachdadh ceangal a dhèanamh ri raointean cànain eile. The key uses of the microcomputer for language development, na prìomh adhbhair a bhith a’ cleachdadh a’ mhion-choimpiutair airson leasachadh cànain
4 (a) expressed with cuir an greim, vn cur an greim. They should be faced with tasks which clearly demand the use of a variety of styles, tha còir obair a chur fan comhair a bhitheas a’ cur uallaich fhollaisich orra gus caochladh stoidhlichean a chur an greim
(b) expressed with cuir an gnìomh, vn cur an gnìomh. To provide flexibility and ease of use, gus cùisean a dhèanamh fosgailte agus furasta an cur an gnìomh
5 not directly expressed. A positive attitude to multi-language use, spiorad neartmhor a thaobh ioma-chànanais. Use of volunteers will help to augment the teacher’s input, bidh luchd-cuideachaidh saor-thoileach a’ cuideachadh le bhith a’ cur ris na tha an tidsear a’ dèanamh. Later, the use of it will be extended, as a dhèidh sin faodar a leudachadh a-mach. The use of visual cues should be encouraged, bu chòir comharraidhean faicsinneach a bhrosnachadh. Conventions such as the simple use of comma and question mark will have already been discussed by the teacher, bidh an tidsear air beachdachadh cheana air cleachdaidhean sìmplidh mar tha a’ chromag agus an comharradh-ceiste. Use of procedures such as these may identify the need for additional support, faodaidh cleachdaidhean den t-seòrsa seo a chomharrachadh gu bheilear a’ cur feum air taice a bharrachd
for use prep phr gu bhith air a chleachdadh. This later building has in turn been adapted for use as a small sheep pen, chaidh an togalach as fhadalaiche seo atharrachadh a-rithist gu bhith air a chleachdadh mar chrò beag do chaoraich
in use prep phr a tha air a chleachdadh. They will become common terms in daily classroom use, thig iad gu bhith nam briathran cumanta a tha air an cleachdadh gu làitheil anns a’ chlas
use v tr 1 (a) cleachd, vn cleachdadh m. Use the key to find these on the map, cleachd an iuchair airson iad sin a lorg air a’ mhapa. To use as a basis, a chleachdadh mar bhonn-stèidh. Where it is used readily, far a bheilear ga cleachdadh gu minig. So that they can fully realise their ability to use Gaelic accurately, gus an toirt a dh’ionnsaigh an làn chomais air a’ Ghàidhlig a chleachdadh anns an dòigh cheart. Find and use, with teacher support, a’ lorg agus a’ cleachdadh, le taice on neach-teagaisg. Write in a variety of forms using appropriate organisation and specialist vocabulary, a’ sgrìobhadh ann an caochladh mhodhannan a’ cleachdadh rian iomchaidh agus briathrachas sònraichte. They will learn to use audio or video recorders, bidh iad ag ionnsachadh mar a chleachdas iad innealan-clàraidh cluaise agus bhideo. Discussion with teacher will draw attention to stress pauses, emphases and how to use these, bheir beachdachadh leis an tidsear aire a dh’ionnsaigh cudthroim, stadan agus seula agus mar a chleachdar iad seo. Teachers should give careful attention to the readability of all printed texts used, tha còir aig tidsearan làn aire a thoirt gu bheil gach teacsa clò-bhuailte a thàtar a’ cleachdadh furasta a leughadh. These are best used as…, an dòigh as fheàrr gus iad seo a chleachdadh ’s ann mar…. All attempts at using Gaelic in the initial stages are praiseworthy, tha gach aon oidhirp a nithear air a bhith a’ cleachdadh na Gàidhlig aig toiseach cùise ri a moladh. In which pupils will practise using the language in semi-structured contexts, anns am bi a’ chlann a’ faighinn eòlais air a bhith a’ cleachdadh na cànain ann an suidhichidhean car stèidhichte
(b) expressed with cleachdadh m, gen cleachdaidh. It is now recognised that pupils’ ability to understand and use language depends more on their ability to see how larger units are manipulated, a-nis thàtar a’ gabhail ris gu bheil comas-tuigse agus comas-cleachdaidh na cloinne air cànain nas motha an urra ri an comas air a bhith a’ tuigsinn mar tha aonadan nas motha air an ullachadh
2 (a) cuir gu feum, vn cur gu feum. The purposes for which they are normally used, na h-adhbhair air an cur gu feum anns a’ chumantas. They can be used, faodar an cur gu feum. And show that they can use what has been heard, agus a’ nochdadh gun cuir iad gu feum na chualas. Pupils can now draw on knowledge from what they have heard and read, to use in their own imaginative writing, faodaidh a’ chlann a-nis eòlas a fhuair iad às na chuala agus na leugh iad a chur gu feum anns an sgrìobhadh mhac-mheanmnach aca fhèin
(b) cuir am feum, vn cur am feum. Language is passively absorbed until pupils feel able to use it, tha cànain air a gabhail a-staigh gu socair gus am bi clann an dùil gun tèid aca air a cur am feum. A bank of the most commonly used functional words can be built for pupils to use for spelling, faodar tasgadh a dhèanamh air na faclan gnìomhachail as trice thàtar a’ cleachdadh, gus a’ chlann an cur am feum airson litreachaidh. That before writers could use nouns, they needed to know what a noun was, gum feumadh luchd-sgrìobhaidh fios a bhith aca dè bha ann an ainmear mus cuireadh iad ainmearan am feum. Using a simple wordbank, le bhith a’ cur am feum banca-fhaclan sìmplidh
(c) dèan feum de, vn dèanamh feum de. Teachers can use existing expertise and networks, faodaidh tidsearan feum a dhèanamh de dh’eòlas agus de dh’obraichean-lìn a tha ann cheana
3 (a) cuir gu buil, vn cur gu buil. How speakers can refer to and use what others say, mar a dh’fhaodas luchd-labhairt tarraing a thoirt air na their càch agus sin a chur gu buil
(b) cuir an gnìomh, vn cur an gnìomh. Pupils will use some of the conventions of a chosen literary form, bidh a’ chlann a’ cur an gnìomh cuid de chleachdaidhean a bhuineas do mhodh litreachail a chaidh a thaghadh
4 gnàthaich, vn gnàthachadh m. They are using English words instead of the French words, tha iad a’ gnàthachadh faclan Beurla an àite nam faclan Fraingis
5 obraich, vn obrachadh m. How to use the tape recorder, mar a dh’obraichear an teiprecòrdair
6 expressed with comas m, gen comais. When pupils want to talk about an experience, but can only use English, an uair a tha a’ chlann ag iarraidh a bhith a’ bruidhinn air rud a dh’fhiosraich iad, ’s gun chomas aca ach ann am Beurla
7 expressed with abair, vn ràdh m. In cases of emergency members of staff should use English with non-Gaelic speaking children, ann an suidheachadh-èiginn is còir don luchd-obrach Beurla a ràdh ri cloinn aig nach eil Gàidhlig
8 expressed with le prep. Write in a variety of forms using appropriate organisation and vocabulary, a’ sgrìobhadh ann an caochladh mhodhannan le rian agus briathrachas iomchaidh
9 expressed with tro prep. They will continue to respond by investigating a text using discussion, bidh iad fhathast a’ rannsachadh teacsa tro cho-bheachdachadh
10 expressed with bi ri. The bard is of course using hyperbole here, tha e soilleir gu bheil am bàrd ri aibheiseachadh an seo
11 not directly expressed. Use courtesy formulas, a’ fàilteachadh cach a chèile
used a expressed with bithear a’ cleachdadh. Spell some frequently used words, a’ litreachadh gu dòigheil cuid de dh’fhaclan a thàtar a’ cleachdadh gu tric. Teachers should give careful attention to the readability of all printed texts used, tha còir aig tidsearan làn aire a thoirt gu bheil gach teacsa clò-bhuailte a thàtar a’ cleachdadh furasta a leughadh. A bank of the most commonly used functional words can be built, faodar tasgadh a dhèanamh air na faclan gnìomhachail as trice thàtar a’ cleachdadh
using n 1 cleachdadh m, gen cleachdaidh. Using computers will let all pupils explore some of the newer media, bheir cleachdadh choimpiutairean cothrom don chloinn air fad rannsachadh a dhèanamh air cuid de na meadhain as ùire
2 expressed with a bhith a’ cleachdadh. By scanning and using textual cues, le leughadh aithghearr agus le bhith a’ cleachdadh chomharraidhean anns an teacsa
use up v phr caith, vn caitheamh m
used up a phr air a chaitheamh
used to v aux 1 expressed with impersonal form of substantive v. People used to take a lot more broth then than they do now, bhathar a’ gabhail còrr mòr brot an uair sin na thathar an diugh. Things didn’t use to be bought for cattle, cha robhar a’ ceannach rudan do chrodh. They didn’t use to land spur-dogs here, cha robhar a’ toirt bhioraichean air tìr a seo. People used to go to the peats, bhathar a’ falbh don mhòine. People used to do it often, bhite ga dhèanamh tric. It didn’t use to be done on Sundays at all, cha bhite ga dhèanamh latha na Sàbaid ann. They used to play shinty on Iain Ruadh’s croft, bhite a’ cluich iomain air lot ’An Ruaidh. She used to be excused, bhite a’ gabhail a leisgeul
2 expressed with cond tense substantive v. He used to come often, bhiodh e a’ tighinn tric. I didn’t use to go there, cha bhithinn a’ dol ann
used-up a caithte
useful a feumail. Useful texts are also provided by educational broadcasting, gheibhear teacsaichean feumail o chraoladh foghlaim. Mass media is a term useful in categorizing texts, tha na mòr mheadhain na ainm feumail ann a bhith a’ seòrsadh theacsaichean
usefulness n expressed with dè cho feumail. To surmise its usefulness for their purpose, gus tuairmse a thoirt air dè cho feumail ’s a bhitheas e dhaibh. In order to evaluate their usefulness, gus meas a dhèanamh air dè cho feumail ’s a tha iad
user n 1 neach-cleachdaidh m, pl luchd-cleachdaidh
2 expressed with bi a’ cleachdadh. Drama gives pupils the confidence to become more able users of Gaelic, tha dràma a’ toirt misnich do chloinn a bhith a’ cleachdadh na Gàidhlig ann an dòigh nas comasaiche
usual a àbhaisteach, comp àbhaistiche
usually adv 1 (a) anns a’ chumantas. For these pupils reading and writing will usually start later than for fluent speakers of Gaelic, bidh a’ chlann sin nas fhaide gun tòiseachadh air leughadh ’s air sgrìobhadh, anns a’ chumantas, na feadhainn a tha fileanta sa Ghàidhlig
(b) an cumantas
2 am bitheantas
3 mar as trice. which can usually be overcome by an appropriate methodology, gheibhear thairis orra sin mar as trice le dòighean-teagaisg freagarrach. No trace of turf walled buildings usually survives, mar as trice chan fhaighear lorg idir an diugh air togalaichean le ballachan fàil
3 not directly expressed. The activities associated with these outcomes cannot usually be separated, cha ghabh sgaradh a dhèanamh air na gnìomhan a tha co-cheangailte ris na builean seo
utterance n 1 labhairt f
2 (linguistics) (a) gnìomh-cainnte m, pl gnìomhan-cainnte
(b) uirgheall m, gen & pl uirghill
uvula n cìoch-shlugain f. Her uvula is inflamed, tha a cìoch-shlugain is ainteas innte
uvular a cìoch-shlugain. Uvular r, r chìoch-shlugain
V
vacant a 1 falamh, comp falaimhe
2 bàn, comp bàine
vacant lot n phr lot f bhàn, gen lota bàine, pl lotaichean bàna
vaccinate v tr cuir a’ bhanachdach air, vn cur na banachdaich air
be vaccinated v phr expressed with rach plus a’ bhanachdach air. Has the baby been vaccinated? an deach a’ bhanachdach air an leanabh?
vaccination n a’ bhanachdach f, gen na banachdaich, pl na banachdaichean. The puupy is getting her vaccinations next week, bidh an cuilean a’ faighinn a cuid bhanachdaichean an ath sheachdain
vacuum n vacuum m
vacuum cleaner n phr glanadair m vacuum, pl glanadairean vacuum
vacuum flask n flasg-vacuum f, pl flasgaichean-vacuum
vain a àrd-inntinneach, comp àrd-inntinniche
valid a 1 tàbhachdach. Valid experimental results, toraidhean tàbhachdach o phrobhaidhean
2 iomchaidh. Whether the attainment of particular targets is educationally valid, co-dhiù tha coileanadh chuimsean sònraichte iomchaidh a thaobh foghlaim
validity n 1 tàbhachd f
2 expressed with dè cho cudthromach. Fact and opinion are used to discuss the validity of an argument, bithear a’ cleachdadh fìrinn agus beachd gus beachdachadh air dè cho cudthromach ’s a tha argamaid
valley n gleann m, gen glinne, pl glinn, gleanntan
valley bottom n phr 1 ùrlar m glinne, gen ùrlair ghlinne, pl ùrlar ghleanntan
2 grunnd m glinne, gen grunnd ghlinne, pl grunnd ghleanntan
valuable a 1 luachmhor, comp luachmhoire. Having an understanding of genre gives writers a valuable aid in the task of communicating effectively, tha tuigse a bhith aca air gnè na chuideachadh luachmhor do luchd-sgrìobhaidh ann a bhith a’ conaltradh gu buadhmhor
2 anns a bheil luach. They are crucial in giving them awareness of what is valuable, tha iad do-sheachnaichte cudthromach ann a bhith a’ toirt mothachaidh dhaibh air na nithean anns a bheil luach
3 feumail. This approach is also valuable with narrative poetry, tha an dòigh-obrach seo feumail cuideachd le bàrdachd-sgeòil. Examining the variety of openings to such texts is particularly valuable, tha e buileach feumail a bhith a’ sgrùdadh gach iomadh seòrsa dhòighean anns a bheil an leithid seo de theacsaichean a’ tòiseachadh
4 expressed with gu math feumail. A listening corner is valuable, tha oisean-èisteachd gu math feumail
5 expressed with air leth. The microcomputer can be a valuable aid, faodaidh am mion-choimpiutar a bhith na chuideachadh air leth
6 expressed with luach m. Role-play and improvisation are immensely valuable as precursors to researching and writing about characters, tha fìor luach mòr ann a bhith a’ dol an riochd eile, le ullachadh no às aonais, mun tèid iad an sàs ann an rannsachadh agus ann an sgrìobhadh mu phearsachan
value n 1 (a) luach m. Place value, luach a-rèir àite. Value of goods, luach bathair
(b) expressed with luach a tha air nithean. Conflict between characters, ideas and values, strì eadar pearsachan, bun-bheachdan agus an luach a tha air nithean
(c) expressed with an luach a tha … a’ cur air nithean. From the earliest years the mass media exert an influence on pupils’ lives and on their views and values, o thùs an òige tha buaidh aig na mòr mheadhain air beatha chloinne, air am beachdan, ’s air an luach a tha iad a’ cur air nithean
2 (a) beachd m, pl beachdan. Coping with conflicts between values and feelings, a’ gabhail ri còmhstri eadar beachdan agus faireachdainnean
(b) prìomh-bheachd m, pl prìomh-bheachdan. The values and knowledge which motivate cultures are deeply intertwined in their languages, tha na prìomh-bheachdan agus an t-eòlas a tha a’ gluasad dhualchasan a’ freumhachadh gu domhain nan cuid chànan
3 (a) expressed with cho feumail ’s a tha. By being a good listener the teacher will show the value of listening attentively, le bhith ag èisteachd gu math bidh an tidsear a’ nochdadh cho feumail ’s a tha e a bhith ag èisteachd gu furachail. The value of learning a second language is well attested, tha dearbhadh math againn air cho feumail ’s a tha e dàrna cànain a thogail
(b) expressed with cho fiachail ’s a tha. To accept the value of their contributions, a bhith a’ gabhail ri cho fiachail ’s a tha na tha iad a’ toirt seachad
4 ìre f, pl ìrean. pH values, ìrean pH
to the value of prep phr luach. To the value of a million pounds, luach millean not
value v tr 1 cuir luach air, vn cur luach air. Business has come to value Gaelic, tha luchd-gnothaich air a thighinn gu bhith a’ cur luach air a’ Ghàidhlig. It is easy for them to evaluate and learn to value the contribution of others, tha e furasta dhaibh a bhith a’ breithneachadh air na tha càch a’ toirt seachad agus a bhith ag ionnsachadh luach a chur air. A culture that valued the rearing of cattle as a measure of a person’s wealth, dualchas a bha a’ cur luach air a bhith ag àrach cruidh mar thomhas air beairteas neach
2 cuir meas air, vn cur meas air. Teachers will value pupils’ talk, cuiridh na tidsearan meas air labhairt chloinne. As their contributions are valued, they will learn to value others’ contributions, mar a chuirear meas air na bheir iad seachad bidh iad ag ionnsachadh meas a chur air na bheir càch seachad
valve n 1 còmhla m, pl còmhlaichean. The heart valves, còmhlaichean a’ chridhe. Inlet valve, còmhla leigeil-a-steach
2 pìob-chòmhla m, pl pìob-chòmhlaichean. Ball valve, pìob-chòmhla bhàlla
van n bhan f, pl bhanaichean. Lorries and vans, làraidhean agus bhanaichean
vandal n 1 (historical) vandal m, gen & pl vandail
2 vandal m, pl vandalan
3 creachadair m, pl creachadairean
vandalism n 1 vandalachd f
2 creachadaireachd f
vanity n àrd-inntinneachd f
vantage n
vantage point n phr suidheachadh m buannachdail. From that vantage point the study of language and culture should radiate outwards, bu choir oideachadh na cànain agus an dualchais lìonsgaradh a-mach on t-suidheachadh bhuannachdail sin
vapour n deatach f, gen deataich
vapour density n phr dlùths m deataich
vapour pressure n phr brùthadh m deataich, gen brùthaidh dheataich
variable a 1 atharrachail
2 caochlaideach
variant n 1
2 de chaochladh sheòrsachan. Variant versions, tionndaidhean de chaochladh sheòrsachan
variation n 1 caochlaideachd f. Wind variation, caochlaideachd f ghaoithe
2 expressed with caochladh sheòrsachan. Pupils are expected to take due account of appropriate forms of presentation in appropriate variations of tone and expression, thàtar a’ sùileachadh gum bi a’ chlann a’ gabhail ealla mar as còir ri modhan taisbeanaidh iomchaidh ann an caochladh sheòrsachan iomchaidh de dhòigh-labhairt agus de dh’aithris. There will also be variations on these contrasting situations, bidh caochladh sheòrsachan ann, cuideachd, de na suidhichidhean eadar-dhealaichte seo
variegate v tr
variegated a 1 breac, comp brice
variety n 1 caochladh m, gen caochlaidh. For a variety of purposes, airson caochladh adhbhair. Through a variety of media, ann an caochladh mheadhan. In a variety of contexts and for a variety of purposes, ann an caochladh shuidhichidhean agus airson caochladh adhbhar. Teachers will use a variety of approaches, bidh tidsearan a’ cleachdadh caochladh dhòighean-obrach. Programmes which will provide contexts in which pupils will be asked to write in a variety of forms, prògraman le suidhichidhean anns am bithear ag iarraidh air a’ chloinn a bhith a’ sgrìobhadh ann an caochladh dhòighean. The teacher will ensure that variety of activities helps pupils, bidh an tidsear a’ dèanamh cinnteach gum bi caochladh ghnìomhan ann gus a’ chlann a chuideachadh
2 expressed with sheòrsachan gen pl. In a rich variety of contexts, ann am pailteas sheòrsachan shuidhichidhean. To accommodate a greater range and variety of experiences, gus cothrom a thoirt do bharrachd fhiosraichidhean de chaochladh sheòrsachan. As pupils acquire experience across a wide variety of forms, mar a tha a’ chlann a’ fàs nas eòlaiche feadh mòran sheòrsachan chruth. As they encounter a wider variety of reference materials, mar a tha iad a’ coinneachadh ri barrachd sheòrsachan de stuthan fiosrachaidh. A few varieties of educational needs, beagan sheòrsachan de dh’fheuman foghlaim. In order to work on a greater variety of texts, gus oibreachadh air barrachd sheòrsachan theacsaichean
3 expressed with gach seòrsa. Pupils can discuss and appreciate the many varieties of language, faodaidh a’ chlann beachdachadh agus lèirmheas a dhèanamh air gach iomadh seòrsa cànain a tha ann
4 expressed with caochladh (de) sheòrsachan. A variety of texts should be available, tha còir aig caochladh sheòrsachan theacsaichean a bhith ri làimh. After the pupils have had experience of variety, aon uair ’s gu bheil a’ chlann air fiosrachadh fhaotainn air caochladh sheòrsachan. Pupils experience varieties of speech and writing, tha clann a’ faighinn eòlais air caochladh sheòrsachan labhairt agus sgrìobhaidh. Attractive displays of posters allow experience of variety in text and style, gheibhear cothrom air caochladh sheòrsachan theacsaichean agus stoidhle o thaisbeanaidhean tarraingeach de shanasairean. They will respond to an increasing variety of stimuli, bidh iad air an gluasad gu cainnt le caochladh fàsail de sheòrsachan nithean
5 expressed with gach caochladh sheòrsa. To accommodate the variety of needs, gus gabhail ri gach caochladh sheòrsa feum
6 expressed with gach iomadh seòrsa. Examining the variety of openings to such texts is particularly valuable, tha e buileach feumail a bhith a’ sgrùdadh gach iomadh seòrsa dhòighean anns a bheil an leithid seo de theacsaichean a’ tòiseachadh
7 expressed with de dh’iomadh seòrsa. Read a variety of texts, a’ leughadh theacsaichean de dh’iomadh seòrsa. This small area shows a variety of evidence as to how the landscape has changed, chithear anns an àite bheag seo dearbhadh de dh’iomadh seòrsa air mar a tha dreach na tìre air atharrachadh
8 expressed with caochlaideach a. Development will continue in terms of maturity and variety of text, bidh teacsaichean a’ fàs nas caochlaidiche agus nas adhartaiche
9 gnè f, pl gnèithean. A variety of E. coli is causing the death of lambs, tha gnè de E. coli a’ toirt bàis do dh’uain
wider variety n phr expressed with barrachd sheòrsachan. Pupils will explore more complex and more original forms through exposure to a wider variety of such forms, bidh a’ chlann a’ rannsachadh mhodhan nas ioma-fhillte agus nas bunaitiche mar thoradh air eòlas fhaotainn air barrachd sheòrsachan den leithid seo de mhodhan
various a 1 eadar-dhealaichte. Pupils will listen to messages or narratives in order to predict at various stages likely outcomes, bidh a’ chlann ag èisteachd ri teachdaireachdan no ri cunntasan gus fàisneachd a dhèanamh air na bhitheas dùil ris mar thoradh orra aig ìrean eadar-dhealaichte. As texts become more complex and various in form, mar as ioma-fhillte a tha teacsaichean a’ fàs, agus mar as eadar-dhealaichte ann an cruth. Progress will reflect the various starting points, bidh an t-adhartas a’ comharrachadh nan amannan-tòiseachaidh eadar-dhealaichte
2 expressed with gach seòrsa n phr. Practice in sequencing with such texts will lead pupils to familiarity with their various structures, tro bhith a’ cur theacsaichean den t-seòrsa seo an òrdugh bidh a’ chlann air an toirt gu eòlas air gach seòrsa cumaidh a tha orra
3 expressed with caochladh m. Capacity for adopting various roles within group discussion, comas air a dhol ann an caochladh riochdan taobh a-staigh beachdachadh-buidhne
4 diofar (preceding n). The various elements that make up the landscape can be studied in detail, faodar na diofar eileamaidean a tha a’ dèanamh suas an dealbh-thìre a sgrùdadh gu mionaideach
5 not expressed directly. The course will give an understanding of the various treatment and distribution processes used in the water industry, bheir an cùrsa tuigse air na dòighean air uisge a leasachadh agus a chur a-mach don t-sluagh a thathar a’ cleachdadh sa ghnìomhachas uisge
vary v tr & i 1 atharraich, vn atharrachadh m. The relative proportion of time allocated to Gaelic and English language will vary in accordance with the needs of the child, bidh a’ chuibhreann ùine a thàtar a’ cur mu choinneamh na Gàidhlig agus na Beurla ag atharrachadh a-rèir feuman a’ phàiste
2 expressed with caochladh m. Practice in Gaelic medium schools varies, tha caochladh dhòighean a’ dol anns na sgoiltean Gàidhlig
3 expressed with chan ionnan. Pupils will begin to learn Gaelic at different points and the amount and nature of their experience of it will vary, bi a’ chlann a’ tòiseachadh air a’ Ghàidhlig aig amannan eadar-dhealaichte, agus chan ionnan na tha iad uile a’ faighinn dhith
4 expressed with cleachd caochladh sheòrsachan, vn cleachdadh caochladh sheòrsachan. Language activities and approaches designed to meet special educational needs will vary according to the particular requirements of pupils, bithear a’ cleachdadh caochladh sheòrsachan ghnìomhan agus mhodhan-teagaisg gus feuman foghlaim shònraichte a choileanadh, agus sin a rèir nam feuman fa leth aig cloinn
5 expressed with bi plus diofar an. The pace at which they progress through the curriculum will vary considerably, bidh diofar mòr anns an astar a bhitheas aca a’ dol tron chlàr-theagaisg
6 expressed with eadar prep. The roundhouses vary in diameter from 8 to 13m, tha na trasd-thomhasan aig na taighean-cruinne eadar 8m agus 13m
7 not directly expressed. Their suitability for assessment purposes will vary according to the year stage at which they are used, bidh am freagarrachd mar adhbhair measaidh a rèir ’s dè a’ bhliadhna anns am bithear gan cleachdadh
varied a 1 iomachruthach. This will help pupils to discover the need for a flexible and varied vocabulary, cuidichidh seo a’ chlann gu bhith a’ faighinn a-mach gum feum briathrachas a bhith fosgailte agus iomachruthach. Pupils will ensure that sentence construction is accurate and varied, bidh a’ chlann a’ dèanamh cinnteach gu bheil deilbh sheantansan neo-mhearachdach agus ioma-chruthach
2 de dh’iomadh seòrsa. This language will be varied, bidh a’ chànain seo de dh’iomadh seòrsa
3 de chaochladh sheòrsachan. Provide pupils with varied, interesting assignments, gnìomhan tarraingeach de chaochladh sheòrsachan a thairgse don chloinn. Similar varied remains are found throughout the Highlands, gheibhear làraichean de chaochladh sheòrsachan mar seo air feadh na Gàidhealtachd
4 de chaochladh gnè. Texts should be simple but varied, tha còir aig teacsaichean a bhith sìmplidh ach de chaochladh gnè
5 de dh’iomadh gnè. Contexts for talking will be varied, tha còir aig suidhichidhean airson còmhraidh a bhith de dh’iomadh gnè
6 expressed with caochladh m plus gen. The teacher will offer varied approaches, bidh an tidsear a’ tairgse caochladh dhòighean-obrach
7 expressed with cleachd caochladh dhòighean, vn cleachdadh caochladh dhòighean. Assessment of listening should be varied, bu chòir caochladh dhòighean a chleachdadh air èisteachd a mheasadh
more varied comp a expressed with barrachd sheòrsachan, de bharrachd sheòrsachan. Speech will be fuller and more varied than at Beginner level, bidh am barrachd comas-labhairt aca, agus sin de barrachd sheòrsachan, na bha aca aig a’ Bhun Ìre. Their writing will develop and become more varied, bidh an sgrìobhadh aca a’ tighinn air adhart agus bidh barrachd sheòrsachan ann dheth. Pupils will talk for more varied and demanding purposes, bidh a’ chlann a’ labhairt airson barrachd sheòrsachan adhbhar, agus airson adhbhar nas duilghe
varying a 1 expressed with caochladh m. Any worthwhile Gaelic activity will move in and out of components and through varying combinations of strands, bidh gnìomh Gàidhlig sam bith as fhiach an t-saothair a’ gluasad a-mach agus a-steach à earrainnean agus tro chaochladh chothlamadh iallan
2 eadar-dhealaichte. A school’s policy will involve varying degrees of co-operation and consultation, bheir poileasaidh sgoile a-staigh co-oibreachadh agus co-luadar ann an tomhais eadar-dhealaichte
3 expressed with agus plus pron plus eadar-dhealaichte. Texts taken from a wide range of sources, varying in length, complexity of language and form, teacsaichean a thugadh à mòran sheòrsachan màthair-uisge agus iad eadar-dhealaichte ann am faid, ann am ioma-fhillteachd cànain agus ann am modh ’s an cruth
vase n bhàsa f, pl bhàsaichean
vassal n 1 vasaille m, basaille m
2 ìochdaran m, gen & pl ìochdarain
vassalage n vasailleachd f
vast a àibhseach
vat n dabhach f, gen dabhaich, pl dabhaichean
Vatersay pr n Bhatarsaigh
vault n seilear-boghta m, gen seileir-bhoghta, pl seilearan-boghta
vault v tr
vaulted a boghta. A vaulted roof, mullach boghta, also druim boghta
vegetable n luibh-gàrraidh f, pl luibhean-gàrraidh
vegetable mod luibheanach. Vegetable resources, stòrasan luibheanach
• lusach. Vegetable resources, stòrasan lusach
vegetables n pl glasraich f. The greengocer sells fruit and vegetables, bidh ceannaiche glasraich a’ reic mheasan is glasraich
vegetation n lusrach m, gen lusraich. Ecologically the land can be divided into three zones, each with its own distinctive vegetation, a thaobh eag-eòlais faodar an talamh a roinn ann an trì sònan, gach aon dhiubh le a ghnè shònraichte de lusrach
vegetation mod lusraich. Vegetation zone, raon lusraich
vehicle n carbad m, gen carbad, pl carbadan. Which vehicle in the picture comes from England? dè an carbad anns an dealbh a tha à Sasainn?. There must be a safe drop off and collection point for vehicles, feumaidh àite sàbhailte a bhith ann do charbadan airson clann a leigeil às agus a thogail
vein n 1 fèith-fhala f, pl fèithean-fala
2 fèith f, gen fèithe, pl fèithean
velar a vèilearach, comp vèilearaich
velarisation n vèilearachadh m, gen vèilearachaidh
velarise v tr vèilearaich, vn vèilearachadh m
velarised a vèilearaichte
velum n 1 (ling) vèileam m
2 (familiar) glainnean m (bog)
ventilate v tr èadharaich, vn èadharachadh m
ventilation n èadharachadh m, gen èadharachaidh
ventilator n 1 èadhradair m, pl èadhradairean
2 gaothaire m, pl gaothairean
Venus pr n (planet) Bhèineas f
verb n gnìomhair m, pl gnìomhairean. Analytic verb, gnìomhair sgaoilte. Auxiliary verb, gnìomhair taiceil. Defective verb, gnìomhair neo-iomlan. Finite verb, gnìomhair finideach. Inceptive verb, gnìomhair tùsach. Irregular verb, gnìomhair neo-riaghailteach. Predicative verb, gnìomhair aisneiseach. Regular verb, gnìomhair riaghailteach. Substantive verb, gnìomhair susbainteach. Synthetic verb, co-thàthte. Verb of motion, gnìomhair gluasaid. Verb of perception, gnìomhair faireachdainn
verbal n gnìomhaireach. Verbal phrase, abairt ghnìomhaireach. Verbal paradigms, clàran ghnìomhairean
verbal noun n phr ainmear m gnìomhaireach, gen ainmeir ghnìomhairich, pl ainmearan gnìomhaireach. This is the form of the verbal noun in the dialect, ’s e seo an riochd a tha air an ainmear ghnìomhaireach anns an dualchainnt
verbal phrase n phr abairt f ghnìomhaireach, gen abairt gnìomhairich, pl abairtean gnìomhaireach
verbose a 1 briathrach, comp briathraiche
2 ro-bhriathrach
verbosity n 1 briathrachas m, gen briathrachais
2 ro-bhriathrachas m, gen ro-bhriathrachais
verge n 1 oir f, gen oire, pl oirean
2 (road) balt m, gen & pl built. Cutting the road verges, a’ gearradh nam balt ròid
3 (field) gruaidh f, gen gruaidhe, pl gruaidhean. Cutting the field verges, a’ buain gruaidhean nan raointean
verify v tr dearbh, vn dearbhadh m. To skim and scan to verify decisions, gu bhith a’ grad-leughadh agus a’ leum-leughadh gus co-dhùnaidhean a dhearbhadh
verruca n 1 bhearuca m, pl bhearucathan
2 foinne m, pl foinnean
versatility n ioma-chomas m, gen ioma-chomais. Imaginative versatility, ioma-chomas mac-meanmna
verse n 1 (properly, stanza) rann f, gen rainn, pl rannan. Verse and paragraph are descriptive terms for features of text, ’s e ainmean a tha ann an rann agus paragraf a bheir iomradh air nithean a bhuineas do theacsa. This song is in strophic metre, with one strophe in each verse and four phrases in each strophe, ’s e meadrachd stròfach a tha air an òran seo, le aon stròf anns gach rann agus ceithir abairtean anns gach stròf. Effects of verse length can also be explored, faodar buaidh faid rannan a rannsachadh cuideachd. In the chorus and in verse 2 the second stress comes on the penultimate syllable, anns an fhonn agus ann an rann 2 tha an dara cudthrom a’ tighinn air an lide leth-dheireannach. In verses 1, 3, and 4, ann an rannan 1, 3, agus 4. If one were to divide the first verse according to its phrases it would be written as follows, nam bite a’ roinn na ciad rainn a-rèir nan abairtean rachadh a sgrìobhadh mar a leanas. They should expect the poem to develop through its verses, bu chòir dùil a bhith aca gum bi an dàn a’ fàs o rann gu rann
2 bàrdachd f. A piece of verse, pìos bàrdachd. Mackenzie here reaches a level of ornamentation in his verse that demonstrates to us how high in his artistry it is possible for a bard that is not of the first degree to go when he is working in a firm tradition, tha MacCoinnich an seo a’ ruighinn inbhe de sgeadachadh na bhàrdachd a sheallas dhuinn cho àrd na ealdhain ’s a tha e an comas do bhàrd nach eil den chiad ìre a dhol, agus e ag obair ann an dualchas daingeann
blank verse n phr dubh-rannaigheachd f
free verse n phr 1 bàrdachd f shaor, gen bàrdachd saoire
2 saor-rannaigheachd f
make verse v phr bi a’ bàrdachd. They used to meet and make verse amongst themselves, bhitheadh iad a’ coinneachadh agus a’ bàrdachd nam measg fhèin
verse-speaking n expressed with a bhith ag aithris bàrdachd. Pupils’ writing of poetry will be aided by their reading aloud and occasional verse-speaking, bidh a’ chlann air an cuideachadh ann a bhith a’ sgrìobhadh bàrdachd le bhith a’ leughadh a-mach agus le bhith ag aithris bàrdachd an-dràsta ’s a-rithist
versification n rannaigheachd f
version n 1 tionndadh m, gen tionndaidh, pl tionndaidhean. The original version, an tionndadh tùsail. Variant versions, tionndaidhean de chaochladh sheòrsachan. There should be Gaelic versions of all official documents, bu chòir gum bitheadh sgrìobhainnean oifigeil air fad rim faotainn ann an tionndadh Gàidhlig
2 innse m, pl innseachan (of, air). Probably there is only one version of this song in existence, is coltach nach eil ach an aon innse air an òran seo ann. We have only one version of this song, the one in E, chan eil againn ach aon innse air an òran seo, am fear ann an E
3 expressed with teacsa m, pl teacsaichean. Taped version, teacsa air clàr
basic version n phr bun-innse m, pl bun-innseachan. This song has only one basic version, chan eil ach aon bhun-innse aig an òran seo
vertebra n vertebra f, pl vertebrae; veirteabra f, pl veirteabrathan
vertebral a 1 druim-altach
2 veirteabrach
vertebrate n druim-altach m, gen & pl druim-altaich
2 veirteabrach m, gen & pl veirteabraich
vertex n gob m, gen & pl guib
vertical a 1 ingearach, comp ingearaich
2 (familiar) dìreach, comp dìriche
3 expressed with air muin a chèile. Vertical setting, seatadh air muin a chèile
very adv 1 glè preceding a
2 fìor preceding a
3 gu math preceding a. A history text is very different from instructions on how to conduct an experiment, tha teacsa eachdraidh gu math eadar-dhealaichte ri seòladh mu obair dhearbhaidh a chur air adhart
4 expressed with seòrsa … a tha cho fìor plus a. The school will respond positively to these very different pupil backgrounds, bidh an sgoil a’ gabhail gu taiceil, seasmhach ris na seòrsachan àrainneachd chloinne seo a tha cho fìor eadar-dhealaichte
5 expressed with copula construction. To ensure the very real progress that can be made within this one level, gus an t-adhartas — agus is fìor adhartas e — a ghabhas a dhèanamh aig an aon ìre seo a stèidheachadh gu cinnteach
6 expressed with gu mòr. The Gaelic school is very successful, tha an sgoil Ghàidhlig a’ soirbheachadh gu mòr
very much adv phr cus. It is very much easier for pupils to see what is required for such larger units of meaning, tha e cus nas fhasa do chloinn a thuigsinn dè tha riatanach airson aonadan-brìgh mòra den t-seòrsa seo
vessel n 1 soitheach m, gen soithich, pl soithichean
2 (blood) feadan m, gen & pl feadain. A blood vessel, feadan fala
3 (blood) balg m, gen & pl builg. A blood vessel, balg fala
vet n 1 lèigh-ainmhidhean m, pl lèighean-ainmhidhean
2 bheat f, gen bheata, pl bheataichean
vibration n 1 crith f, gen crithe, pl crithean
2 triobhualadh m, gen triobhualaidh, pl triobhualaidhean
vicarious a 1 ionadach
2 expressed with tro neach eile
3 expressed with pearsanta plus mas fhìor. Pupils will describe a personal or vicarious experience, bidh a’ chlann a’ dèanamh iomraidh air fiosrachadh pearsanta, da-rìreabh no mas fhìor
vicinity n
in the vicinity adv phr faisg air làimh. It was regarded as a fertile place in comparison to the other villages in the vicinity, bha e air a mheas na àite torrach an taca ris na bailtean eile a bha faisg air làimh
in the vicinity of prep phr an còir plus gen. This is the pronunciation in the dialect of original “a” (short or long) in the vicinity of a nasal consonant, ’s e seo am fuaimneachadh anns an dualchainnt a bhitheas air “a” thùsail (ghoirid no fhada) an còir consain shrònaich
victim n 1 neach m a dh’fhuiling, pl feadhainn f a dh’fhuiling, gen pl feadhna a dh’fhuiling. The response to discriminatory behaviour will aim to be sensitive to the feelings of the victim or victims, ann a bhith a’ dèiligeadh ri gnìomhan lethbhreitheach bithear ag amas air a bhith mothachail air faireachdainnean an neach no na feadhna a dh’fhuiling
2 neach m air a bheil brath, pl feadhainn f air a bheil brath, gen pl feadhna air a bheil brath. The next part of the story, which introduces the victim, an ath phàirt den stòiridh, far a bheil an neach air a bheil brath a’ tighinn am follais
3 ìobairteach m, gen & pl ìobairtich
victorious a 1 buadhach, comp buadhaiche
2 buadhmhor, comp buadhmhoire
victory n buaidh f, gen buaidhe, pl buaidhean
victuals n biotailt m
vicuna n bhiocuna m, pl bhiocunathan; viocuna m, pl viocunathan
video a bhideo, bhidio m. Sound and video recordings, clàradh fuaim is bhideo. Along with audio and video recordings, a thuilleadh air teipichean-èisteachd agus bhideo. Others will be audio or video recordings, is e clàir èisteachd no clàir bhideo a bhitheas ann an cuid eile. They will learn to use audio or video recorders, bidh iad ag ionnsachadh mar a chleachdas iad innealan-clàraidh cluaise agus bhideo
video recorder n phr 1 inneal m bhideo, pl innealan bhideo. Pupils will use tape or video recorders, bidh a’ chlann a’ cleachdadh innealan teip no bhideo
2 inneal-clàraidh m sùla, pl innealan-clàraidh sùla. Pupils will make use of tape and video recorders, bidh a’ chlann a’ cleachdadh innealan-clàraidh cluais agus sùla
videotape n teip-bhideo m
Vietnam pr n Bhiatnam m
Vietnamese pr n 1 Bhiatnamach m, gen & pl Bhiatnamaich
2 (language) Bhiatnamais f
Vietnamese a Bhiatnamach
view n 1 beachd m. Provide either orally or in writing a considered personal view, a’ toirt, ann an cainnt-bheòil no ann an sgrìobhadh, làn bheachd pearsanta. The setting within which pupils can take account of others’ views, an suidheachadh anns am faod a’ chlann àite thoirt do bheachdan chàich. From the earliest years the mass media exert an influence on pupils’ lives and on their views and values, o thùs an òige tha buaidh aig na mòr mheadhain air beatha chloinne, air am beachdan, ’s air an luach a tha iad a’ cur air nithean
2 barail f. Discussions will take account of the views and attitudes of those involved in the texts, bidh beachdachadh a’ coimhead ri barail agus sealladh na feadhnach a tha a’ gabhail pàirt anns na teacsaichean
3 sealladh m, gen seallaidh, pl seallaidhean. Provided that it helps teacher and pupil to achieve a balanced view of the pupil’s performance, fhad ’s a chuidicheas e an tidsear agus am pàiste gus sealladh cothromach fhaotainn air na tha am pàiste a’ coileanadh. It is not, however, the business of media education to choose one view at the expense of another, ach cha bhuin e do dh’oideachadh mu na meadhain a bhith a’ taghadh aon seallaidh ’s a’ cur sìos air fear eile. Television presents views of the world which are determined by non-Gaelic concerns, tha an telebhisean a’ cur fa chomhair dhaoine seallaidhean den t-saoghal a tha air am bonntachadh air nithean nach buin don Ghàidhlig
in view prep phr san amharc. What does she have in view? dè a tha aice san amharc?
view data n phr lèir-dhàta f. Databases, spreadsheets, teletext, view data, and multimedia applications generally, stòir-dhàta, duilleagan-sgaoilte, teleteacsa, lèir-dhàta agus innleachdan ioma-mheadhanach anns an fharsaingeachd
view v tr 1 bi a’ coimhead air. When viewing a film or television programme, an uair a thàtar a’ coimhead air film no air prògram telebhisein
2 faigh sealladh de, vn faighinn seallaidh de. The building is best viewed from above, gheibhear an sealladh as fheàrr den togalach bho os a chionn
3 expressed with sùilean f pl plus faic v. That Gaelic should be the language through which the contemporary world and its culture are viewed, gur ann tro shùilean na Gàidhlig a chithear an saoghal a tha ann agus a chultar
viewpoint n 1 barail f. Respond in a way that shows some appreciation of the differing viewpoints of characters, a’ freagairt ann an dòigh a tha a’ nochdadh breithneachadh air diofar bharail na tha a’ gabhail pàirt
2 beachd m, pl beachdan. Showing some appreciation of the differing viewpoints of characters, a’ nochdadh tuigse air na beachdan eadar-dhealaichte aig na pearsachan. To explore the underlying reasons for all viewpoints, rannsachadh a dhèanamh air na tha a’ gluasad a h-uile beachd a tha ann
3 ionad m seallaidh, gen ionaid sheallaidh, pl ionadan seallaidh. A viewpoint from which the mountains can be seen, ionad seallaidh bhom faicear na beanntaichean
Viking n 1 Uigingeach m, gen & pl Uigingich
2 (familiar) Lochlannach m, gen & pl Lochlannaich
Viking a 1 Uigingeach
2 (familiar) Lochlannach. This change was strengthened by the traditions of the Viking settlers, chaidh an t-atharrachadh seo a dhaingneachadh le traidiseanan an luchd-thuineachaidh Lochlannaich
village n 1 baile m, pl bailtean. Milton is a small village in the country, ’s e baile beag a-muigh air an dùthaich a th’ ann am Bail’ a’ Mhuilinn
2 baile-beag m, gen baile-bhig, pl bailtean-beaga. The map shows Milton and other villages nearby, tha am mapa a’ sealltainn Bail’ a’ Mhuilinn agus bhailtean-beaga eile faisg air làimh
3 baile-dùthchail m, gen baile-dhùthchail, pl bailtean-dùthchail
villain n 1 eucoireach m, gen & pl eucoirich. They can so easily be related to the writer’s purpose: to identify the villain, tha e cho furasta an cur ann an dàimh ris an adhbhar-sgrìobhaidh: gus an t-eucoireach a chomharrachadh
2 trustar m, gen trustair, pl trustaran. You villain! a thrustair!
vinegar n bineagair m
violence n 1 fòirneart m, gen fòirneirt
2 ainneart m, gen ainneirt
violent a 1 fòirneartach, comp fòirneartaiche
2 ainneartach, comp ainneartaiche
violet a 1 liath, comp lèithe. The colours of the rainbow are violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange, and red, ’s iad dathan a’ bhogha-fhroise liath or bàn-phurpaidh, gorm-liath or guirmeanach, gorm, buidhe-ghorm or uaine, buidhe, dearg-bhuidhe or orains, agus dearg
2 bàn-phurpaidh
V.I.P. n àrd-inbheach m, gen & pl àrd-inbhich
viral a bhìorasach. Hygiene measures adopted should be sufficient to prevent the spread of bacterial, viral and parasitic conditions, bu chòir gum bitheadh na dòighean-obrach slàinteachais a thèid a chur an gnìomh gu leòr gus casg a chur air galaran baicteiriach, bhìorasach agus parasaiteach o bhith a’ sgaoileadh
virtue n 1 (a) beus f, gen beusa, pl beusan
(b) deagh-bheus f, gen deagh-bheusa, pl deagh-bheusan
2 buadh f, gen buaidh, pl buadhan, buadhannan
virtuous a 1 (a) beusach, comp beusaiche
(b) deagh-bheusach
2 buadhach, comp buadhaiche
virus n bhìoras m, gen bhìorais, pl bhìorasan
visibility a lèireas m, gen lèiris
visible a faicsinneach, comp faicsinnich. The visible remains are more recent, buinidh na làraichean faicsinneach do dh’àm nas fhaisg oirnn
vision n fradharc m, gen fradhairc. To study the effects of the relationship between sound and vision, a bhith a’ rannsachadh dè a’ bhuaidh a tha aig an dàimh eadar fuaim is fradharc
visit n 1 tadhal m, gen & pl tadhail. The teacher will help pupils make notes on a visit or a radio or TV programme, cuidichidh an tidsear a’ chlann gus notaichean a dhèanamh air tadhal no air prògram rèidio no telebhisein. Questions appropriate to the purpose of the interview, and to the visit, ceistean a fhreagras air adhbhar an agallaimh no an tadhail
2 expressed with tadhail air, vn tadhal air. Visits should be paid to galleries, bu chòir tadhal air gailearaidhean. Should public swimming-pools be used, the person in charge of the pre-school must contact the manager of the facility prior to the visit, ma thèid amaran-snàimh poblach a chur am feum, feumaidh an neach a tha air ceann na ro-sgoile brath a leigeil air manaidsear a’ ghoireis mus bithear a’ tadhal air
3 expressed with a bhith a’ tadhal. Visits from companies or excursions to the theatre are obvious ways of involving pupils with drama, dòighean follaiseach gus clann a chur an lùib dràma ’s e companaidhean a bhith a’ tadhal, no a’ chlann fhèin a bhith a’ dol don taigh-chluiche. Before she sets out on her visits, she reports to her office at the Town Hall, mus falbh i gu bhith a’ tadhal bidh i a’ dol an làthair aig an oifis aice san Talla Bhaile
visit v tr tadhail air, vn tadhal air. Part of her job is to visit families in the area, ’s e pàirt de h-obair a bhith a’ tadhal air teaghlaichean anns a’ cheàrnaidh aice. Look for the places you would visit to play a game, coimhid airson nan àiteachan air an tadhaileadh tu airson geam a chluich. Each of the outcomes being visited in turn, a’ tadhal air gach buil, tè mu seach
visiting a a bhitheas a’ tadhal. Talks and interviews given by classmates and visiting adults, òraidean is agallamhan o cho-aoisean no o inbhich a bhitheas a’ tadhal
visitor n 1 neach-tadhail m, pl luchd-tadhail. Common courtesy formulas used by visitors, abairtean-modha cumanta a chleachdas luchd-tadhail
2 neach m a tha a’ tadhal, pl feadhainn a tha a tadhal. Visitors to the school, who may be interviewed, feadhainn a tha a’ tadhal air an sgoil agus a dh’fhaodar an ceasnachadh
visual a 1 faicsinneach. When a consideration of visual elements is essential, agus gun seachnadh air a bhith a’ beachdachadh air nithean faicsinneach. Visual material of all kinds, stuth faicsinneach de gach seòrsa. The use of visual cues should be encouraged, bu chòir comharraidhean faicsinneach a bhrosnachadh. They will be able to respond to more complex visual stimuli, bidh comas aca freagairt a dhèanamh ri nithean faicsinneach a tha nas ioma-fhillte
2 faicsinneach don t-sùil. To predict the nature of a text from less visual markers, fàisneachd a dhèanamh mu nàdar an teacsa o chomharraidhean nach eil cho faicsinneach don t-sùil
3 lèirsinn. Visual approaches, dòighean-lèirsinn
4 fradhairc. Visual impairment, uireasbhaidh fradhairc
5 a chithear. The meaning of new words and phrases should usually be indicated through visual cues, bu chòir brìgh fhaclan ùra agus abairtean ùra a chur an cèill le comharraidhean a chithear
6 expressed with a/na chì …. They will respond to visual and other stimuli, bidh iad a’ freagairt fo bhuaidh na chì iad agus nithean eile. They will respond to a variety of stimuli, including visual stimuli, bidh iad a’ freagairt fo bhuaidh chaochladh nithean, nam measg sin nithean a chì iad
visual aid n phr uidheam-cuideachaidh m lèirsinn, gen uidheim-chuideachaidh lèirsinn, pl uidheaman-cuideachaidh lèirsinn
visual arts n phr lèir-ealdhain f
visual image n phr ìomhaigh f fhaicsinneach, gen ìomhaigh faicsinnich, pl ìomhaighean faicsinneach
visual impact n phr 1 expressed with tarraing na sùla. This increases awareness of visual impact, cuiridh sin ri mothachadh air tarraing na sùla
2 expressed with bi a’ tarraing na sùla. Composing text which has visual impact, a’ cur ri chèile teacs a tha a’ tarraing na sùla
visual impairment n phr 1 uireasbhaidh f fradhairc, pl uireasbhaidhean fradhairc
2 expressed with gann anns an fhradharc. A pupil with visual impairment, pàiste a tha gann anns an fhradharc
visual source n phr 1 goireas m faicsinneach, gen goireis fhaicsinnich, pl goireasan faicsinneach
2 pl expressed with stòr faicsinneach, gen stòir fhaicsinnich
visual stimulus n phr 1 nì faicsinneach, pl nithean faicsinneach. They will be able to respond to more complex visual stimuli, bidh comas aca freagairt a dhèanamh ri nithean faicsinneach a tha nas ioma-fhillte
2 nì a chì …, pl nithean a chì …. They will respond to visual and other stimuli, bidh iad a’ freagairt fo bhuaidh na chì iad agus nithean eile
3 not directly expressed. These computer programs might also be used as visual stimuli to promote the development of oral skills in Gaelic, dh’fhaodaiste na prògraman seo a chur gu feum gus piseach a thoirt air sgilean cainnt-bheòil anns a’ Ghàidhlig
vital a 1 beathail. Vital signs, comharraidhean beathail
2 riatanach don bheatha. The lungs perform a vital function, tha na sgamhanan a’ dèanamh gnìomh a tha riatanach don bheatha
3 ro-chudthromach. The curriculum must establish the setting for the growth of appreciation in these vital areas of the Gaelic experience, feumaidh an clàr-teagaisg na crìochan a shuidheachadh anns am bi tuigse a’ fàs air na raointean ro-chudthromach seo de dh’fhiosrachadh na Gàidhlig
vitamin n 1 vitimin m, pl vitiminean
2 beothaman m, gen & pl beothamain
vivacious a beothail, comp beothaile
vivacity n beothalas m, gen beothalais
vivid a beòthail. They should expect vivid pictures to be painted by means of comparisons (in simile and metaphor), bu chòir dùil a bhith aca gum bi dealbhan beòthail gan cruthachadh tro shamhla agus tro mheatafor
vivisection n beò-ghearradh m, gen beò-ghearraidh
vocabulary n briathrachas m, gen & pl briathrachais. Learning how to read and write requires the teaching of a gradually enlarging descriptive vocabulary, tha ionnsachadh sgrìobhaidh is leughaidh a’ cur feum air briathrachas a theagasg a tha a’ meudachadh mean air mhean. And with adequate vocabulary, agus le briathrachas a dh’fhòghnas. Through a programme which should incorporate an initial sight vocabulary, tro phrògram a dh’fheumadh tùs-bhriathrachas sùla a ghabhail a-staigh. Discussion of author’s style, in terms of vocabulary choice, beachdachadh air stoidhle an ùghdair a thaobh taghadh briathrachais. Pupils will be alert to the structures of words from specialist vocabularies, bidh a’ chlann mothachail air cumaidhean fhaclan à briathrachais speisealta
2 stòr-fhacal m, gen stòir-fhacal, pl stòran-fhacal
vocabulary book n phr leabhar-briathrachais m, gen leabhair-bhriathrachais, pl leabhraichean-briathrachais
vocative a gairmeach. The vocative case, an tuiseal gairmeach
voice n 1 guth m, gen gutha, pl guthan. Clear voice, guth soilleir. Loud voice, guth cruaidh. Slow voice, guth mall. Soft voice, guth sèimh. His voice is breaking, tha an guth aige a’ briseadh. Show that they can use at least the following terms: quick, clear, voice, a’ nochdadh gun cuir iad gu feum, air a’ char as lugha, na faclan a leanas: luath, soilleir, guth
2 (grammar) guth m, gen gutha, pl guthan. Active voice, guth spreigeach. Impersonal voice, guth neo-phearsanta. Middle voice, guth fèineach. Passive voice, guth fulangach. Personal voice, guth pearsanta
2 not expressed. The reason for poor voice production in talking is the pupil’s lack of clarity about what to say, ’s e as adhbhar do chion comas labhairt nach eil am pàiste soilleir mu dè their e
high voice n phr guth m àrd, gen guth àird. Low and high voice will be used to describe pitch in spoken texts, bithear a’ cleachdadh guth ìosal agus guth àrd gu bhith a’ comharrachadh àirde ann am teacsaichean beòil
low voice n phr guth m ìosal, gen guth ìosail
tone of voice n phr dòigh bhruidhne. For example, use of more than one tone of voice, mar eisimpleir, còrr is aon dòigh bhruidhne ga cleachdadh
voice synthesiser n phr guth-chothlamadair m, pl guth-chothlamadairean
voice v tr (linguistics) guthaich, vn guthachadh m
voiced a 1 guthach. Voiced consonant, connrag ghuthach
2 le guth
voicing n guthachadh m, gen guthachaidh
voiceless a 1 neo-ghuthach. Voiceless consonant, connrag neo-ghuthach
2 gun ghuth
volcanic a bholcànach. Volcanic ash, luath bholcànach. These rocks have been affected by volcanic activity, tha buaidh air a bhith aig gnìomhachd bholcànach air na creagan seo
volcano n 1 bholcàno m, pl bholcànothan; or bolcàna m, pl bolcànathan. Active volcano, bholcàno beò, or bolcàna beò. The volcano erupted, bhrùchd an bholcàno. These volcanoes are now extinct, tha na bholcànothan seo marbh a-nis
2 beinn-theine f, gen beinne-teine, pl beanntan-teine
voltage n bholtaidse f, pl bholtaidsean
( bholtas m, gen bholtais, pl bholtasan. High voltage machines, innealan bholtais-àird
volume n 1 (book) leabhar m, gen leabhair, pl leabhraichean
2 (capacity) tomhas-lìonaidh m, gen tomhais-lìonaidh, pl tomhasan-lìonaidh
voluntary a saor-thoileach
volunteer n 1 (a) neach m saor-thoileach, pl luchd saor-thoileach. Any staff member or volunteer who contracts a persistant cough must withdraw from work, ma thogas neach den luchd-obrach no neach saor-thoileach sam bith casad leanailteach feumaidh i/e tarraing a-mach às a cuid/chuid obrach. All staff and volunteers must adopt good practice in hygiene and safety, feumaidh an luchd-obrach agus an luchd saor-thoileach air fad deagh chleachdadh a chur an gnìomh a thaobh slàinteachais agus sàbhailteachd
(b) neach-cuideachaidh saor-thoileach m, pl luchd-cuideachaidh saor thoileach. Use of volunteers will help to augment the teacher’s input, bidh luchd-cuideachaidh saor-thoileach a’ cuideachadh le bhith a’ cur ris na tha an tidsear a’ dèanamh
(c) expressed with saor-thoilech a. The policy statement should be brought to the attention of all existing and new paid staff and volunteers, bu chòir aithris a’ phoileasaidh a thoirt gu aire luchd-obrach uile air tuarastal is saor-thoileach, biodh iad an sàs mar-thà no ùr
3 (soldier) saighdear m saor-thoileach, gen saighdeir-shaor-thoilich, pl saighdearan-saor-thoileach
volunteer v tr 1 tairg gu saor thoileach, vn tairgse gu saor-thoileach
2 dèan gu saor-thoileach, vn dèanamh gu saor-thoileach
3 expressed with gu saor-thoileach. We aim to ensure that all who wish to volunteer to help with our pre-school have an equal chance to do so, tha e mar amas dhuinn a dhèanamh cinnteach gu bheil aig na h-uile leis am miann cuideachadh ler ro-sgoil gu saor-thoileach cothrom co-ionann sin a dhèanamh
vomit v i
vomiting n 1 cliabh-sgeathrach f, gen cliabh-sgeathraich. Any staff member who contracts diarrhoea or vomiting must withdraw from work, ma thogas neach sam bith den luchd-obrach tinneas-cuim no cliabh-sgeathrach feumaidh i/e tarraing a-mach às a cuid/chuid obrach
2 dìobhairt f
vote n bhòta f, pl bhòtaichean
vote v i bhòt, vn bhòtadh m
voucher n eàrlas m, gen & pl eàrlais. The voucher scheme, sgeama nan eàrlas
vow n bòid f, gen bòide, pl bòidean
vowel n fuaimreag f, gen fuaimreig, pl fuaimreagan. Broad and slender vowels, fuaimreagan leathann agus caola
vowel gradation n phr ceumadh m fhuaimreag, gen ceumaidh fhuaimreag
vowel mutation n phr mùthadh m fhuaimreag, gen mùthaidh fhuaimreag
vulgar a
vulgar fraction n phr bloigh f chumanta, pl bloighean cumanta
W
wade v i grunnaich, vn grunnachadh
wading bird n phr eun m grunnachaidh, gen & pl eòin ghrunnachaidh
wadi n wadi f, pl wadithean
• uadaidh m, pl uadaidhean
wafer n abhlan m, gen & pl abhlain
wagtail, pied n breac m an t-sìl, gen bric an t-sìl
waist n bodhaig f, pl bodhaigean
wait v i feith, vn ifeitheamhm
waiting-list n liosta-fheitheimh, gen liosta-feitheimh, pl liostachan-feitheimh. The waiting-list is not operated on a first come, first served basis, chan eil an liosta-fheitheinh air a h-obrachadh air stèidh a’ chiad neach a thig, ’s e a’ chiad neach a gheibh riarach
Wales pr n a’ Chuimrigh f, gen na Cuimrigh
walk v tr & i coisich, vn coiseachd f
walking n coiseachd f. This trail is not recommended for those with walking difficulties, chan eilear a’ moladh na slighe seo do dhaoine le duilgheadasan coiseachd
wall n 1 balla m, pl ballachan, ballaichean
2 gàrradh m, gen gàrraidh, pl gàrraidhean. Small stretches of irregular low stone walls can be seen, chithear earrannan goirid de ghàrraidhean-cloiche ìosal, neo-riaghailteach
wall mod 1 balla. Wall pockets, pòcaidean balla
2 (a) gàrraidh
(b) de ghàrradh. Traces of all three types of walling survive in this area, sometimes on the same wall line, gheibhear lorg fhathast air gach aon de na trì seòrsaichean gàrraidh san àite seo, uaireannan anns an aon loidhne de ghàrradh
wall v tr
walled a expressed with le balla. A type of building rectangular in shape built around a wattle-work frame and walled in turf, gnè de thogalach air chumadh ceart-cheàrnach agus air a thogail air cliathan caolaich, agus le balla de dh’fhàl
walling n gàrradh m, gen gàrraidh, pl gàrraidhean. Traces of all three types of walling survive in this area, gheibhear lorg fhathast air gach aon de na trì seòrsaichean gàrraidh san àite seo
wallpaper n pàipear-balla m, gen pàipeir-bhalla. Wallpaper paste, taois phàipeir-bhalla
roll n (of wallpaper) bolta m, pl boltaichean
wallpaper v tr 1 pàipearaich, vn pàipearachadh m
2 boltaig, vn boltaigeadh m
walrus n each-mara m, gen & pl eich-mhara
wander v i
wandering n allaban m, gen allabain
wanderer n neach-allabain m, pl luchd-allabain
want v tr 1 bi ag iarraidh. When pupils want to talk about an experience, an uair a tha a’ chlann ag iarraidh a bhith a’ bruidhinn air rud a dh’fhiosraich iad. To help pupils sort out what they want to say, a’ chlann a chuideachadh gus rian a chur air na tha iad ag iarraidh a ràdh
2 bi airson. What we feel about the weather usually depends on what we want to do, tha ar faireachdainn mun t-sìde mar as tric a-rèir dè a tha sinn airson a dhèanamh
warbler n (ornithology) ceileiriche m, pl ceileirichean. I think it’s a warbler of some kind, saoilidh mi gur e ceileiriche de sheòrsa air choireigin a th’ ann
warblers (ornithology; family Muscicapidae) ceileirichean m pl, gen pl cheileirichean. The family of warblers, teaghlach nan ceileirichean
warbler, willow n (Phylloscopus trochilus) crìonag-ghiuthais f
warbler, wood n (Phylloscopus sibilatrix) ceileiriche-coille m
ware n bathar m, gen bathair
warehouse n 1 batharnach m, gen & pl batharnaich
2 bathar-thaigh m, pl bathar-thaighean
warm a blàth, comp blàithe. It is warm today, tha e blàth an diugh
warm v tr & i blàthaich, vn blàthachadh m
get warm v phr 1 blàthaich, vn blàthachadh m
2 fàs blàth, vn fàs blàth
warm up v phr 1 blàthaich, vn blàthachadh m
2 dèan blàth, vn dèanamh blàth
warmth n blàths m, gen blàiths. Body warmth, blàths na colainn
warn v tr thoir rabhadh do, vn toirt rabhaidh do
warning n rabhadh m, gen rabhaidh, pl rabhaidhean. Safety warning, rabhadh a thaobh sàbhailteachd
warning of removal n phr bàirlinn f
warrant n barantas m, gen barantais, pl barantais, barantasan
warrior n àrmann m, gen & pl àrmainn
wart n foinne m, pl foinnean
wash v tr 1 nigh, vn nighe f. At the surface the coal is washed and sorted, aig an uachdar thèid an gual a nighe agus a sheòrsachadh
2 glan, vn glanadh m. I am washing my hands, tha mi a’ glanadh mo làmhan
wash ashore v phr expressed with thig air tìr, vn tighinn air tìr. Investigation of a substance washed ashore that has caused a number of people to become ill, rannsachadh air stuth a thàinig air tìr agus a dh’fhàg grunn dhaoine gu tinn
wash hand basin n phr mias ghlanaidh-làmh, pl miasan glanaidh-làmh. There must be adequate toilet and wash hand basin provision, feumaidh goireasan a dh’fhòghnas a bhith ann a thaobh thoileatan agus mhiasan glanaidh-làmh
washing n 1 nighe f
2 nigheadaireachd f. She collects the washing from the launderette, bidh i a’ togail na nigheadaireachd às an taigh-nighe
3 ionnlad m, gen ionnlaid
4 (a) glanadh m, gen glanaidh, pl glanaidhean
(b) expressed with glan v, vn glanadh m. A sink with running water must be supplied for washing of hands, feumaidh sinc le uisge ruithe a bhith ann airson làmhan a ghlanadh
washing powder n phr fùdar-nighe m, gen fùdair-nighe, pl fùdaran-nighe
washing facilities (toilet facilities) n phr goireasan m pl ionnlaid
washing machine n phr inneal-nigheadaireachd m, gen inneil-nigheadaireachd, pl innealan-nigheadaireachd
washing up n phr. I shall do the washing up, glanaidh mi na soithichean
washing-up liquid n phr lionnach f shoithichean, gen lionnaich shoithichean, pl lionnaichean shoithichean
washbasin n mias-ghlanaidh f, pl miasan-glanaidh
washer n 1 nigheadair m, pl nigheadairean
2 (ring of metal) cearclan m, gen cearclain, pl cearclanan
waste n 1 ana-caitheamh m, gen ana-caitheimh
2 stuth m caithte, pl stuthan caithte. Pollution due to industrial and domestic waste, truaillidheachd a thoradh air stuthan caithte bho ghnìomhachas no bhon dachaigh
3 sgudal m, gen sgudail
4 fuighleach m, gen fuighlich
waste a 1 fàs, comp fàsa
2 bàn, comp bàine
waste ground n phr talamh m bàn, gen talmhainn f bàin
• fearann-fàs m, gen fearainn-fhàis
waste product n phr 1 sgudal m, gen sgudail
2 stuth m fuighlich, pl stuthan fuighlich
waste tip n phr 1 ionad m copaidh, gen ionaid chopaidh, pl ionadan copaidh
waste v tr ana-caith, vn ana-caitheamh m
wasteland n fearann-fàs m, gen fearainn-fhàis
wastewater n uisge-caithte m, gen uisge-chaithte
watch n uaireadair m, pl uaireadairean
watch v tr 1 coimhid, vn coimhead. To allow them to hear, watch and reflect upon what they themselves and their classmates have said, gus cothrom fhaighinn air a bhith ag èisteachd, a’ coimhead agus a’ cnuasachadh air na thuirt iad fhèin agus feadhainn eile anns a’ chlas
2 faic, vn faicinn. The range of texts being watched needs to expand further, tha e riatanach a bhith a’ leudachadh air na teacsaichean a thàtar a’ faicinn
3 gabh ealla ri. By listening and watching audio/video recordings, le bhith ag èisteachd agus a’ gabhail ealla ri clàir cluaise/bhideo
4 amhairc, vn amharc m
5 dèan fàire, vn dèanamh fàire
watching n amharc m, gen amhairc. Listening may also be associated with watching, faodaidh èisteachd a bhith co-cheangailte cuideachd ri amharc
watchful a 1 aireach, comp airiche
2 aireachail
watchmaker n 1 uaireadairiche m, pl uaireadairichean
2 neach-càireadh m uaireadairean, pl luchd-càireadh uaireadairean
water n 1 uisge m. Water droplet, boinneag uisge. Drinking water, uisge òil. Fresh water, fìor-uisge. Rain water, uisge silidh. Water hardness, cruas uisge. Water tower, tùr uisge. Water treatment, leasachadh uisge
2 bùrn m, gen bùirn
sea water n phr sàl m, gen sàil
water cycle n phr cearcall m uisge, gen & pl cearcaill uisge
• cearcall m bùirn, gen & pl cearcaill bhùirn
water main n phr prìomh-phìob f (uisge), pl prìomh-phìoban
water supply n phr solar-uisge m, gen & pl solair-uisge; solar-bùirn m, gen & pl solair-bhùirn
water table n phr leabaidh-uisge f, gen leapa-uisge, pl leapannan-uisge. The height of the water table, àirde na leapa-uisge
water vapour n phr deatach f uisge, gen deataich uisge
water wheel n phr, see water-wheel n
water v tr 1 uisgich, vn uisgeachadh m
2 not directly expressed. She is pleased because the rain will water the flowers, tha i air a dòigh a chionn ’s gu bheil na dìthein a’ faighinn an uisge
water boatman n (Corixidae) tàillear m, gen tàilleir, pl tàillearan
watercourse n sruth m, gen srutha, pl sruthan
waterfall n eas m & f, gen easa, pl easan
waterlogged a air a bhàthadh. The advantage of the rigs was that by allowing drainage down the furrows they prevented the crops from being waterlogged, ’s e a’ bhuannachd a bha ann am feannagan leis mar a dh’fhaodadh an t-uisge ruith air falbh anns na claisean eatarra cha bhitheadh am bàrr air a bhàthadh
waterproof a 1 dìonach
2 uisge-dhìonach
watershed n uisge-dhruim m, gen uisge-dhroma, pl uisge-dhromannan
water-spout n 1 (meteorology) cuairtean m uisge, gen cuairtein uisge pl cuairteanan uisge
2 (torrent) steall f, gen stille, pl steallan
3 (spout for water) srùb-uisge m, gen srùib-uisge, pl srùban-uisge
watertight a uisge-dhìonach
waterway n slighe-uisge f, pl slighean-uisge
water-wheel n 1 roth-uisge m, pl rothan-uisge
2 cuibhl-uisge f, pl cuibhleachan-uisge
wattle n 1 (framework) (a) cliath f, gen clèithe, pl cliathan; clèith f, gen clèithe, pl clèithean
(b) cliath-chaol f, gen clèithe-chaol
2 (material of which framework is made) (a) caolach m, gen caolaich
(b) caoil m pl
wattle mod 1 caolaich
2 chaol. A wattle wall, balla chaol
3 (a) clèithe-chaol
(b) de chlèith-chaol. Wooden or wattle fences which may also have been used do not, of course, now survive, is dòcha gu robhar a’ cleachdadh fheansaichean de dh’fhiodh no de chlèith-chaoil cuideachd, ach mar a bhitheadh dùil cha do dh’fhàg iad seo lorg sam bith
wattle and daub n phr caoil m pl is crèadh f
wattle-and-daub mod chaol-is-crèadha. A wattle-and-daub wall, balla chaol-is-crèadha
wattle-work n caolach m, gen caolaich
wattle-work mod caolaich
wattle-work frame n phr cliath f chaolaich, gen clèithe caolaich, pl cliathan caolaich. A type of building rectangular in shape and built around a wattle-work frame, gnè de thogalach air chumadh ceart-cheàrnach agus air a thogail air cliathan caolaich
wave n tonn m & f, gen tuinn, tuinne, pl tuinn, tonnan
wave v i bog, vn bogadh m, bogadan m, bogadaich f. The branches were waving in the wind, bha na meanglain a’ bogadan leis a’ ghaoith
wave-cut a phr tonn-gheàrrte
wave-cut platform n phr ùrlar tonn-gheàrrte, gen & pl ùrlair thonn-gheàrrte; àrd-ùrlar tonn-gheàrrte, gen & pl àrd-ùrlair thonn-gheàrrte
• leac f ghearradh-tuinn, gen lice gearradh-tuinn, pl leacan gearradh-tuinn
waveband n bann m, gen bainne, pl bannan
wavelength n tonnfhad m, gen tonnfhaid, pl tonnfhadan
way n 1 dòigh f, pl dòighean. Respond in a way that shows some reaction to one aspect of the text, a’ freagairt ann an dòigh a tha a’ nochdadh na h-uiread de thuigse air an teacsa. Some of the ways, cuid de na dòighean. There are obvious markers in the way texts begin, tha comharraidhean follaiseach anns an dòigh anns a bheil teacsaichean a’ tòiseachadh. Name six ways you can eat eggs, innis sia dòighean air an ith thu uighean. In ways appropriate to their ages, needs and attainments, ann an dòighean a fhreagras air an aois, air am feuman agus air na tha iad a’ coileanadh. A pupil with visual impairment may approach reading in ways that are perhaps dependent on Braille, ’s dòcha gum bi pàiste a tha gann anns an fhradharc a’ feuchainn air leughadh le dòighean a tha an urra ri Braille
2 meadhan m, gen meadhain, pl meadhanan. As a way of identifying genre, mar mheadhan air aithne chur air gnè
3 gnàthas m, gen gnàthais, pl gnàthasan. Ways of work, gnàthasan obrach
4 expressed with mar tha. They will be encouraged to consider the ways stories and other texts are structured, bithear gam misneachadh gus beachd a ghabhail air mar tha stòiridhean agus teacsaichean eile air an cur ri chèile. The terms will be used in developing pupils’ familiarity with the ways texts are organised, bithear a’ cleachdadh nam briathran ann a bhith a’ toirt gu buil eòlas na cloinne air mar a tha rian ga chur air teacsaichean
5 rathad m, gen rathaid, pl ròidean. This saw only cuts one way, cha gheàrr an sàbh seo ach an aon rathad
6 slighe f, pl slighean. Describe the way from the school to the football pitch, innis mun t-slighe bhon sgoil don raon ball-coise
7 taobh m, gen taoibh, pl taobhan. She goes this way each morning, seo an taobh a bhitheas i a’ gabhail gach madainn. What way must she turn to get to school? dè an taobh a dh’fheumas i tionndadh airson faighinn chun na sgoile?
as a way of prep phr 1 mar dhòigh air. The use of visual cues should be encouraged as a way of alleviating any difficulties, bu chòir comharraidhean faicsinneach a bhrosnachadh mar dhòigh air na duilgheadasan a lughdachadh
2 mar mheadhan air. As a way of identifying genre, mar mheadhan air aithne chur air gnè
in any way adv phr air chor sam bith
in such a way adv phr 1 (a) ann a leithid de dhòigh ’s. They have been clarified in such a way as to enable pupils’ language ability to be progressively extended, rinneadh soilleireachadh orra ann a leithid de dhòigh ’s gum faodar comas-cànain na cloinne a leudachadh mean air mhean
(b) air dhòigh ’s. These refuse tips were made in such a way that nothing would leak out of them, chaidh na h-òtraichean seo a dhèanamh air dhòigh ’s nach aoideanadh càil asta
2 expressed with is ann mar sin. If a child’s behaviour is causing concern staff will make every effort to find out why the child is acting in such a way, ma bhitheas dragh ann a thaobh giùlan neach-cloinne nì an luchd-obrach a h-uile oidhirp gus lorg carson as ann mar sin a tha i/e ga giùlan fhèin
way of life n phr 1 dòigh-bheatha f, pl dòighean-beatha. Interviews with older people will give a picture of former ways of life, bheir còmhraidhean ri seann daoine dealbh dhuinn air dòighean-beatha a dh’fhalbh
2 seòl-beatha m, gen & pl siùil-bheatha
weak a 1 lag, comp laige
2 anfhann, comp anfhainne
weakness n 1 laige f
2 anfhannachd f, anfhainneachd f
wealth n beartas m, gen beartais; or beairteas m, gen beairteis. A culture that valued the rearing of cattle as a measure of a person’s wealth, dualchas a bha a’ cur luach air a bhith ag àrach cruidh mar thomhas air beairteas neach
wealthy a beairteach, comp beairtiche; or beartach, comp beartaiche
weapon n 1 ball-airm m, gen & pl buill-airm
2 inneal m cogaidh, gen inneil chogaidh, pl innealan cogaidh
wear v tr 1 caith, vn caitheamh m. It is essential that stout footwear be worn, tha e riatanach gum bi caisbheart làidir ga caitheamh. These volcanic rocks have worn down more slowly, tha na creagan bholcànach seo air caitheamh sìos na bu mhaille
2 (a) bi plus ort. Staff must wear appropriate protective clothing when handling strong disinfectants and chemicals, feumaidh an luchd-obrach aodach dìonach iomchaidh a bhith orra an uair a bhitheas iad a’ làimhseachadh dhì-ghalarain làidir agus cheimigean
(b) cuir ort, vn cur ort. Seat-belts must be worn by all children, feumaidh a’ chlann air fad crìosan-sàbhalaidh a chur orra
wear away v phr bleith, vn bleith f. I’m sure you have worn away your fingers keeping track of those figures, tha mi cinnteach gu bheil thu air do chorragan a bhleith a’ cumail ròs air na cunntasan sin
weather n 1 sìde f. Take a look at the weather, thoir sùil air an t-sìde
2 aimsir f, gen aimsire. Bad weather, droch aimsir. Good weather, aimsir mhath. The elements of the weather, dùilean na h-aimsire. Pupils will understand statements and questions about weather and time, bidh a’ chlann a’ tuigsinn ràdhan agus ceistean mu aimsir agus uair
3 expressed with sian f, gen sìne, pl siantan. He is out in all weathers, bithidh e a’muigh fo na seachd siantan
weather chart n phr cairt f sìde, gen cairte sìde, pl cairtean sìde
weather forecast n phr 1 tuairmse f shìde
2 fàisneachd f shìde
weather record n phr clàr m sìde, gen clàir shìde, pl clàran sìde. The weather record was made at the end of each afternoon, chaidh an clàr sìde a dhèanamh aig diereadh gach feasgair
weather vane n phr coileach-gaoithe m, gen & pl coilich-ghaoithe
• saighead-ghaoithe f, gen saighde-gaoithe, pl saighdean-gaoithe
weather zone n phr sòn m aimsire, pl sònan aimsire
weather v tr sìde-chaith, vn sìde-chaitheamh m
weathering n sìde-chaitheamh m, gen sìde-chaitheimh. Biological weathering, sìde-chaitheamh bith-eòlasach. Onion skin weathering, sìde-chaitheamh rùisg-uinnein. Surface weathering, sìde-chaitheamh uachdair
weave n figh, vn fighe. The four intertwined components of Gaelic are woven into both classroom activities and assessment procedures, tha ceithir roinnean na Gàidhlig air am fighe a-steach an lùib a-chèile an dà chuid ann an obair an ruim-theagaisg agus ann an iomairtean measaidh
weaver n breabadair m, pl breabadairean
wed v tr
wedding n banais f, gen bainnse, pl bainnsean
wedding-feast n banais f, gen bainnse, pl bainnsean
wedge n geinn m, pl geinnean
weed n luibh m, pl luibhean
weeds n pl salchar m, gen salchair
weed v tr 1 gart-ghlan, vn gart-ghlanadh m
2 glan, vn glanadh
weeded a gart-ghlante
weeding n gart-ghlanadh m, gen gart-ghlanaidh
weed-killer n luibh-phuinnsean m, gen luibh-phuinnsein, pl luibh-phuinnseanan
weedy a 1 làn luibhean
2 salach, comp salaiche
week n seachdain f, gen seachdaine, pl seachdainean
next week adc phr an ath-sheachdain
weigh v tr cothromaich, vn cothromachadh
weighing n 1 cothromachadh m, gen cothromachaidh
2 tomhas m, gen tomhais. Fact and opinion are used to discuss the weighing of evidence, bithear a’ cleachdadh fìrinn agus beachd gus beachdachadh air tomhas dearbhaidh
weight n cudthrom m, gen cudthruim, pl cudthroman. Losing weight, a’ call cudthruim
gross weight n phr cudthrom m iomlan, gen cudthruim iomlain, pl cudthroman iomlan
net weight n phr cudthrom m lom, gen cudthruim luim, pl cudthroman loma
weight training n phr trèanadh m le cudthroman, gen trèanaidh le cudthroman
weighting n cudthrom m, gen cudthruim, pl cudthroman. With different weightings for particular stages, le cudthrom eadar-dhealaichte aig ìrean àraidh. Weightings of the individual outcomes, an cudthrom a chuirear air gach buil fa leth
weightless n gun chudthrom
weightlessness n 1 neo-chudthromachd f. In a state of weightlessness, ann an staid neo-chudthromachd
expressed with a bhith gun chudthrom
weight-lifting n togail f chudthroman
welcome a
you are welcome v phr ’s e do bheatha, or ’s e ur beatha
welcome v tr fàiltich, vn fàilteachadh m. Modern theatre groups should be welcomed to the school, bu chòir buidhnean-dràma an latha an-diugh fhàilteachadh san sgoil
weld n tàthadh m, gen tàthaidh
weld v tr tàth (meatailt), vn tàthadh m
welding n tàthadh m, gen tàthaidh
welfare n 1 maitheas m, gen maitheis. We are all responsible for the welfare and safety of our children, tha maitheas is sàbhailteachd ar cloinne mar uallach òirnn uile. Each group shall adhere to the above statement in order to safeguard the welfare of their members, leanaidh gach buidheann ris an aithris gu h-àrd gus maitheas an cuid bhall a dhìon
2 deagh chor m. Adopt a policy statement on safeguarding the welfare of children, cleachd aithris phoileasaidh air dìon deagh chor cloinne
well adv 1 gu math. When oral skills are well established, aon uair ’s gu bheil sgilean cainnt-bheòil air an stèidheachadh gu math
2 expressed with làn. After skills in talking and listening are well established, an uair a tha sgilean labhairt agus èisteachd air an làn stèidheachadh
3 air a shon sin. They should not determine what is taught and learned, but they may well offer information to allow the curriculum to be revised, chan eil còir aca a bhith a’ suidheachadh dè bhithear a’ teagasg agus ag ionnsachadh, ach faodaidh iad air a shon sin fiosrachadh a thoirt seachad a bheir cothrom ath-sgrùdadh a dhèanamh air a’ chlàr-theagaisg
as well adv phr, see sv as adv
as well as conj pjr, see sv as adv
well-being n deagh chor m. We shall take all reasonable measures to ensure the safety and well-being of all members and leaders of the group, gabhaidh sinn gach ceum reusanta gus dèanamh cinnteach à sàbhailteachd is deagh chor buill is ceannardan na buidhne gu lèir
well-stocked a air a dheagh uidheamachadh. It is essential that libraries are well-stocked, feumaidh leabharlannan a bhith air an deagh uidheamachadh
well-to-do a airgeadach. He came of well-to-do people, thàinig e de dhaoine airgeadach
Welsh pr n (language) Cuimris f
Welsh mod (language) Cuimris. The Welsh Language Act should serve as a model for Scottish legislation, bu chòir do dh’Achd a’ Chànain Chuimris a bhith na modail airson lagh a chruthachadh ann an Alba
Welsh a Cuimreach
Welshman pr n Cuimreach m, gen & pl Cuimrich
Welshwoman pr n ban-Chuimreach f, gen & pl ban-Chuimrich
welt n balt m, gen built, pl built, baltan
west adv an iar
western a (botany) iarach. Western bladderwort, n lus nam balgan iarach
what rel pron 1 na. Listeners have to learn to select relevant information from what they are hearing or seeing, feumaidh luchd-èisteachd ionnsachadh mar a thaghas iad fiosrachadh brìoghmhor às na tha iad a cluinntinn no a’ faicinn. Selecting what is appropriate, a’ taghadh asta na tha iomchaidh
2 na nithean. They will be expected to apply what they have learned, bithear a’ sùileachadh orra gun cuir iad an gnìomh na nithean a dh’ionnsaich iad. They will encourage pupils to talk in Gaelic about what they are doing, misnichidh iad a’ chlann gu bhith a’ labhairt anns a’ Ghàidhlig mu na nithean a bhitheas iad a’ dèanamh. They are crucial in giving them awareness of what is valuable, tha iad do-sheachnaichte cudthromach ann a bhith a’ toirt mothachaidh dhaibh air na nithean anns a bheil luach
3 rud m. Teachers should ask pupils to predict what happens next, is còir do thidsearan iarraidh air a’ chloinn fàisneachd a dhèanamh air an ath rud a thachras
4 nì m. Examples might be short written responses, testing understanding of what has been heard, mar eisimpleir, dh’fhaodadh freagairtean sgrìobhte goirid a bhith ann mar dheuchainn air cho math ’s a thuigeadh nì a chaidh a chluinntinn
5 dè. Understand questions about what something is, ceistean a thuigsinn mu dè a tha ann an rud àraidh
6 expressed with ìre na. It is essential to reduce recording to just what is needed and what is manageable, feumar air a h-uile cor clàradh a ghiorrachadh dìreach gu ìre na bheil riatanach agus na ghabhas a làimhseachadh
7 expressed with mar. How to distinguish between a character’s own point of view and what the author feels about it, mar a nithear dealachadh eadar beachd a’ phearsa fhèin agus mar a tha an t-ùghdar a’ faireachdainn mu dheidhinn
what is, what are v phr gu dè. And to say what are the markers which allowed them to make the distinction, agus a ràdh gu dè na comharraidhean a thug cothrom dhaibh an t-eadar-dhealachadh a dhèanamh
whatever pron ge be air bith dè. Whatever else they do, ge be air bith dè eile a nì iad. Whatever the size of the group there must be a minimum of two adults present at all times, ge be air bith dè am meud a bhitheas aig a’ bhuidhinn feumaidh dà inbheach air a’ char as lugha a bhith daonnan an làthair
wheat n cruithneachd f
wheel n 1 cuibhle f, pl cuibhleachan
2 roth m & f, gen rotha, pl rothan
wheelchair n sèithear-cuibhle m, gen sèitheir-chuibhle, pl sèithrichean-cuibhle
wheeled a 1 cuibhleach
2 rothach
wheeler a & n (in combination) 1 cuibhleach m, gen & pl cuibhlich. A two-wheeler, dà-chuibhleach. A three-wheeler car, car trì-chuibhleach
2 rothach m, gen & pl rothaich. A two-wheeler, dà-rothach. A three-wheeler car, car trì-rothach
when interr cuin?
when conj 1 an uair a, nuair a
2 aon uair ’s gu. When oral skills are well established, aon uair ’s gu bheil sgilean cainnt-bheòil air an stèidheachadh gu math
3 expressed with an uair a bhithear. When reading this page, reference should be made to Programmes of Study, an uair a bhithear a’ leughadh na duilleig seo bu chòir a bhith a’ gabhail ealla ris na Clàran Oideachaidh
4 expressed with an prep. Singular and plural will be used when discussing the relationships of words and meanings, cleachdar singilte agus iomarra ann am beachdachadh air dàimh fhaclan agus brìgh
when plus verb to be v phr 1 nuair a tha, nuair a bha, etc. This happened when he was a boy, thachair seo nuair a bha e na bhalach
2 expressed with agus. This happened when he was still at school, thachair seo agus e fhathast san sgoil. It happened when I was going to the kitchen, thachair e agus mi a’ dol don chidsin
where interr càite
where rel pron 1 expressed with an prep. Situations where Gaelic is the language of the home and the community, suidhichidhean anns a bheil a’ Ghàidhlig mar chànain na dachaigh agus na coimhearsnachd
2 an uair a tha sin. Opportunities for drafting and re-drafting should be given where appropriate, tha còir cothrom a thoirt a bhith a’ dreachdadh agus ag ath-dhreachdadh an uair a tha sin iomchaidh
3 càit. Understand questions about where something is, ceistean a thuigsinn mu càit a bheil rud àraidh. Media education should help pupils to understand how and where media messages are created, bu chòir do dh’oideachadh anns na meadhain clann a chuideachadh gus tuigse fhaighinn air ciamar a tha teachdaireachdan nam meadhan a’ tighinn am bith, agus càit a bheil seo a’ tachairt
4 far. In communities where Gaelic is rarely encountered, ann an coimhearsnachdan far nach fhaighear a’ Ghàidhlig ach ainneamh
5 ma. Reading and writing skills should be encouraged, particularly where those are necessary to ensure social competence, bu chòir misneachadh a dhèanamh air obair leughaidh agus sgrìobhaidh, gu h-àraidh ma tha feum orra sin gus comas sòisealta a dhaingneachadh
6 expressed with an suidheachadh plus an prep. Pupils should be encouraged to develop from where they are, tha còir a’ chlann a mhisneachadh gu bhith a’ fàs às an t-suidheachadh anns a bheil iad
where … from, co às. To recognise where others’ ideas come from, gu bhith a’ tuigsinn co às a tha bun-bheachdan chàich a’ tighinn
whereas conj expressed with ach. Whereas it was once thought desirable to start with the smaller units of language it is now recognised that…, bha latha ann a bhàtar a’ meas gun robh e riatanach tòiseachadh leis na h-aonadan-cànain beaga; ach a-nis thàtar a’ gabhail ris gu bheil…
wherever adv 1 cho fada ’s. Wherever possible, cho fada ’s a ghabhas
2 anns gach suidheachadh an. So that pupils have access to wordprocessing wherever language is used, gus am bi cothrom aig cloinn air dealbh-sgrìobhadh anns gach suidheachadh anns a bheil cànain ga cleachdadh
whether adv 1 co-dhiùbh a tha. They should consider whether the text is accessible, tha còir aca beachdachadh air co-dhiùbh a tha an teacsa so-ruigsinn. Whether read aloud, co-dhiùbh tha iad air an leughadh a-mach. Pupils, whether in Gaelic medium schools or as learners, should have the opportunity to participate in the full range of experiences offered by Gaelic, bu chòir an cothrom a bhith aig cloinn, co-dhiùbh tha iad ann an sgoiltean Gàidhlig no nan luchd-ionnsachaidh, a bhith a’ gabhail pàirt anns a h-uile aon fhiosrachadh a tha a’ Ghàidhlig a’ tairgse. Whether they are learning through the medium of Gaelic or learning Gaelic as a second language, co-dhiùbh a tha iad ag ionnsachadh tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig no a tha iad ag ionnsachadh na Gàidhlig mar dhàrna cànain
2 an dàrna cuid. Teaching materials based on modern communicative methodology, whether in the form of a structured course or of banks of materials, stuthan teagaisg air am bonntachadh air dòighean conaltraidh an latha an diugh, an dàrna cuid air chumadh cùrsa dheasaichte no bhancaichean de stuthan
which rel pron 1 a (rel part), etc. They will express ideas, perhaps through drawings, which, after discussion, will be elaborated to provide detail, cuiridh iad bun-bheachdan an cèill, is dòcha tro dhealbhan a bhithear a’ leudachadh orra as dèidh beachdachaidh, gus làn fhiosrachadh a thoirt seachad
2 agus. Reading should always have a purpose which is clear to both the teacher and the pupil, tha còir aig leughadh daonnan adhbhar a bhith aige, agus sin a bhith soilleir don tidsear agus don phàisde le chèile. Producing a re-draft (which may be the final copy), a’ toirt ath-dhreachd gu buil (agus is dòcha gur e seo an dreachd chrìochnaichte)
3 agus a (rel part), etc. Verse and paragraph are descriptive terms for features of text which pupils will encounter in their reading, ’s e ainmean a tha ann an rann agus paragraf a bheir iomradh air nithean a bhuineas do theacsa agus a bhitheas a’ chlann a’ coinneachadh riutha nan cuid leughaidh. Teachers need to introduce pupils to the grammatical, literary and other technical terms of language which they can use in talking about their work, feumaidh na tidsearan a’ chlann a chur an aithne nam briathran cànain a bhuineas do ghràmar, do litreachas agus an leithid sin, agus a dh’fhaodas iad a chleachdadh ann a bhith a’ bruidhinn air an cuid obrach
4 new clause or sentence used. Most pupils will at some time experience learning difficulties, which can usually be overcome by an appropriate methodology, bidh a’ mhòrchuid de chloinn aig àm air choireigin a’ fiosrachadh dhuilgheadasan ionnsachaidh: gheibhear thairis orra sin mar as trice le dòighean-teagaisg freagarrach
5 dè an seòrsa. The teacher should ask the pupils to suggest which it is, bu chòir don tidsear iarraidh air a’ chloinn beachd a thoirt air dè an seòrsa a tha ann
6 expressed with far a bheil. The next part of the story, which introduces the victim, an ath phàirt den stòiridh, far a bheil an neach air a bheil brath a’ tighinn am follais
of which, agus plus prep. A variety of topics, many of which will be returned to in more depth later, caochladh chuspairean agus iad a’ dol a thilleadh gu mòran diubh sin ’s a’ dol nas doimhne annta a-rithist
to which, agus plus prep. Aspects of text to which pupils will now give attention, nithean a bhuineas do theacsaichean agus a bhitheas a’ chlann a-nis a’ gabhail ealla riutha
which gives v phr anns a bheil. Listening to a short, straightforward text which gives an item of information, ag èisteachd ri teacsa goirid furasta anns a bheil fiosrachadh. Adventure games let pupils explore situations which give a sense of reality, tha geamannan dùbhlain a’ toirt cothroim do chloinn a bhith a’ rannsachadh shuidhichidhean anns a bheil caran de choltas an t-saoghail againn fhìn
which is v phr 1 expressed with sin demon pron. Which is the most advanced level, sin an ìre as adhartaiche
2 expressed with agus sin. By asking for too much evidence of it in a component like writing which is still proving difficult, le bhith a’ sùileachadh cus dearbhaidh air ann an earrainn-obrach mar a tha sgrìobhadh, agus sin fhathast doirbh
3 expressed with gus. Thus in teaching pupils to tell the first part of a ghost story which is to create the setting for mysterious happenings, mar sin, ann a bhith ag ionnsachadh don chloinn mar a sgrìobhas iad a’ chiad phàirt de stòiridh mu thaibhseachan gus suidheachadh a thoirt am bith anns am bi nithean neònach a’ tachairt
4 not expressed. Homes where Gaelic is spoken regularly in communities which are Gaelic-speaking, dachaighean anns a bheil a’ Ghàidhlig ga bruidhinn gu cunbhalach ann an coimhearsnachdan Gàidhlig
while conj 1 (a) (am) feadh is (plus rel)
(b) (am) feadh is gu. While ensuring a context which supports confidence, feadh ’s gu bheilear a’ dèanamh cinnteach gu bheil suidheachadh ann a chuireas taice ri misneach
2 fhad is, am fad is (plus rel). While involved in making models, puppetry, etc., fhad ’s a tha iad an sàs a’ dèanamh mhodailean, ag obair le fir-fuadain agus mar sin
3 (a) nuair a (plus rel)
(b) nuair a tha. Parents are asked to respect this policy whilst at the pre-school, thathar ag iarraidh air pàrantan urram a shealltainn don phoileasaidh seo nuair a bhitheas iad anns an ro-sgoile
4 ged. While most pupils will begin to use conventional formulae in Gaelic from an early stage, ged a bhitheas a’ mhòrchuid de chloinn a’ tòiseachadh air briathran cumanta ann an Gàidhlig a chleachdadh agus iad gu math òg
while also conj phr aig an aon àm. While also ensuring, aig an aon àm feumaidh iad dèanamh cinnteach
while plus verb “to be” expressed with agus conj. We could not stay while the midges were so bad, cha b’ urrainn dhuinn fuireach agus na meanbhchuileagan cho dona
whilst conj = while conj
whirlpool n 1 cuairt-shruth m, pl cuairt-shruthan
2 cuairt-shlugan m, gen cuairt-shlugain, pl cuairt-shluganan
3 coire m, pl coireachan
whirlwind n ioma-ghaoth f, gen ioma-ghaoithe, pl ioma-ghaothan
white n
white (of egg) n gealagan m, gen gealagain, pl gealaganan
white a 1 geal, comp gile
2 bàn, comp bàine
3 fionn, comp fionna
whiteboard n bòrd-geal m, gen bùird-ghil, pl buird-gheala
whitehead n guirean m bàn, gen guirein bhàin, pl guireanan bàna
whiten v tr gealaich, vn gealachadh
whitened a gealaichte, gealta
whiteness n 1 bàine f
2 bàinead f, gen bàineid
who rel pron 1 a
2 cò. Understand questions about who someone is, ceistean a thuigsinn mu cò a tha ann an neach
whole n 1 iomlan m, gen iomlain, pl iomlanan
2 expressed with anns an iomlanachd
as a whole adv phr air fad. For the programme as a whole, anns a’ phrògram air fad
on the whole adv phr anns a’ chumantas. Television presents, on the whole, views of the world which are determined by non-Gaelic concerns, tha an telebhisean a’ cur fa chomhair dhaoine, anns a’ chumantas, seallaidhean den t-saoghal a tha air am bonntachadh air nithean nach buin don Ghàidhlig
whole a 1 (a) iomlan, comp iomlaine
(b) expressed with gu h-iomlan. The same task may be tackled by the whole class, faodaidh an clas gu h-iomlan an t-aona ghnìomh a ghabhail os làimh
2 slàn, comp slàine
3 expressed with air fad. The whole curriculum will be delivered through the medium of Gaelic, bithear a’ lìobhraigeadh a’ chlàir-theagaisg air fad tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig. The roundhouses that can be viewed from the trail are typical of the whole settlement, tha na taighean-cruinne a chithear bhon t-slighe nan eisimpleirean den t-seòrsa a gheibhear san àite-thuineachaidh air fad
4 gu lèir. Sometimes we can see the whole thing from the side, uaireannan chì sinn an rud gu lèir bhon chliathaich
5 expressed with air feadh (plus gen). Later the police searched the whole house, an dèidh sin rinn am poileas rannsachadh air feadh an taighe
whole number n phr àireamh f shlàn, gen àireimh slàine, pl àireamhan slàna
wholly adv 1 buileach
2 gu buileach
wholemeal a 1 min-shlàn. Wholemeal bread, aran min-shlàn
2 dèante le min shlàn. The taste of the wholemeal bread, blas an àrain a tha dèante le min shlàn
whole-school a a bhuineas don sgoil air fad. Part of a whole-school policy, pàirt de phoileasaidh a bhuineas don sgoil air fad
whole-wheat a, see wholemeal a
whorl n (botany) fàinne f, pl fàinneachan. Plants with leaves in whorls, lusan le duilleagan ann am fàinneachan
whose rel pron 1 expressed with aig. Any complaints should be referred to the local development officer for the area, whose name is listed at the end of the booklet, bu chòir gearain sam bith a chur chon oifigich-leasachaidh ionadail anns an sgìre, a gheibhear an t-ainm aice/aige aig deireadh an leabhrain cuideachd
2 expressed with aig a bheil. They will have a greater empathy with those whose languages and cultures are different, bidh am barrachd co-fhaireachdainn aca riuthasan aig a bheil cànanan agus dualchasan a tha eadar-dhealaichte
3 expressed with bi plus aig. The advice offered here should be read in the context of Part 1, whose advice and framework apply to all pupils, bu chòir a’ chomhairle a thàtar a’ tairgse an seo a leughadh an dàimh ri Pàirt 1: tha a’ chomhairle agus a’ bheairt aca sin a’ buntainn ris a’ chloinn air fad
4 not directly expressed. The experiences they share with others whose lives are distant from their own, nithean a tha iad fhèin agus feadhainn eile a’ fiosrachadh le chèile — ged a tha an caitheamh-beatha fada bhuapa fhèin
wick n buaic f, gen buaice, pl buaicean
wicked a aingidh, comp aingidhe
wickedness n aingidheachd f
wide a 1 leathan, leathann, comp leatha, leithne. The sandstone was deposited by a large system of shallow, wide, meandering rivers, chaidh a’ chlach-ghainmhich a leigeil a-nuas le siostam mòr de dh’aibhnichean ao-domhainn, leathan, lùbach
2 farsaing. Poetry writing depends on wide experience of listening to and reading poems, tha sgrìobhadh bàrdachd an urra ri eòlas farsaing air a bhith ag èisteachd ri dàin agus gan leughadh. Pupils will explore through wide reading a variety of models of stylistic techniques, bidh a’ chlann a’ rannsachadh tro leughadh farsaing caochladh eisimpleirean de dhòighean stoighle. The pre-school recognises the wide range of special needs of children and families in their community, tha an ro-sgoil a’ toirt àite don t-sreath fharsaing de dh’fheumalachdan sònraichte a tha aig cloinn agus aig teaghlaichean nan coimhearsnachd
3 expressed with mòran m. A wide selection of texts should be available, tha còir cothrom a bhith ann air mòran sheòrsachan de theacsaichean. As pupils acquire experience across a wide variety of forms, mar a tha a’ chlann a’ fàs nas eòlaiche feadh mòran sheòrsachan chruth
4 not expressed. Speakers and messages that employ a wide range of Gaelic language features, luchd-labhairt agus teachdairean a bhitheas a’ cleachdadh caochladh nithean a bhuineas don Ghàidhlig mar chànain
wide area mod phr mòr-àrainn. Wide area and computer network systems are particularly relevant in the geographical context of the Gaelic speaking world, tha siostaman mòr-àrainn agus obair-lìn coimpiutair air leth freagarrach ann an suidheachadh saoghal na Gàidhlig
widely adv 1 anns an fharsaingeachd. The need for such resources is already widely accepted, thàtar a’ gabhail ris cheana anns an fharsaingeachd gu bheil feum air an leithidean sin de ghoireasan
2 gu farsaing, gu cumanta. They are widely used, tha iad gan cleachdadh gu cumanta
more widely expressed with barrachd. As pupils begin to read more widely, mar a bhitheas a’ chlann a’ tòiseachadh air barrachd leughaidh a dhèanamh
wide-ranging a farsaing
widen v tr 1 leudaich air, vn leudachadh m air. Whether read aloud to widen experience and taste, co-dhiùbh tha iad air an leughadh a-mach gus leudachadh air fiosrachadh agus air breithneachadh
2 thoir … nas fharsainge, vn toirt … nas fharsainge. They should consider whether the text is likely to challenge and widen horizons, tha còir aca beachdachadh air co-dhiùbh a tha an teacsa agus coltas air gun toir e dùbhlan agus sealladh nas fharsainge don chloinn
widening a 1 expressed with bi a’ sìor-mheudachadh. The whole curriculum offers a widening set of contexts for talk, tha na suidhichidhean labhairt a gheibhear anns a’ chlàr-theagaisg air fad a’ sìor mheudachadh
2 expressed with as motha. As texts become more complex the teacher needs to deploy a widening range of techniques, mar as ioma-fhillte a tha teacsaichean a’ fàs, ’s ann as motha a dh’fheumas an tidsear a chleachdadh de dhòighean obrach
wider a comp 1 nas leatha, nas leithne, as leatha, as leithne
2 expressed with mòr. The child’s experience of family, school, local community and the wider world, fiosrachadh a’ phàiste air a theaghlach, air an sgoil, air an dlùth choimhearsnachd agus air an t-saoghal mhòr
3 expressed with nas motha. To provide a wider range of situations and contexts, gus àireamh nas motha de shuidhichidhean a chur an tairgse na cloinne
4 expressed with barrachd. Pupils’ experience should be extended to a wider range of texts, bu chòir leudachadh air fiosrachadh na cloinne a dh’ionnsaigh barrachd theacsaichean. As they encounter a wider variety of reference materials, mar a tha iad a’ coinneachadh ri barrachd sheòrsachan de stuthan fiosrachaidh
widow n banntrach f, gen banntraich, pl banntraichean
widower n banntrach m, gen banntraich, pl banntraichean
width n leud m, gen leòid
wife n 1 bean f, gen mnà, mnatha, dat mnaoi, pl mnathan
2 bean-phòsta f, gen mnà-pòsta, pl mnathan-pòsta
wig n biorraraig f, pl biorraraigean
wild a 1 fiadhaich, comp fiadhaiche
2 allaidh, comp allaidhe
wilderness n 1 fàsach m & f, gen fàsaich, pl fàsaichean
2 dìthreabh f, gen dìthreibh, pl dìthreabhan
wildlife n fiadh-bheatha f
will v aux 1 expressed with future tense
2 expressed with tha plus rel v. Some will come from homes where Gaelic is spoken regularly, tha cuid a bhuineas do dhachaighean anns a bheil a’ Ghàidhlig ga bruidhinn gu cunbhalach
willing a deònach. Pupils will be willing to talk, bidh clann deònach air a bhith a’ labhairt
willingly adv gu toileach. It is essential that situations are designed by the teacher to motivate the pupils to contribute willingly, feumaidh an tidsear suidhichidhean a dhealbhachadh gus a’ chlann a ghluasad gu bhith a’ gabhail pàirt gu toileach
willy-nilly adv a dheòin no a dh’aindeoin
win v tr 1 buannaich, vn buannachadh m
2 buinnig, vn buinnig f; also buinig, vn buinig m
3 buidhinn, vn buidhinn f
4 glèidh m, vn glèidheadh m
wind n gaoth f, gen gaoithe, pl gaothan
favourable wind n phr 1 soirbheas m, gen & pl soirbheis
2 còmhdhail f, gen còmhdhalach, pl còmhdhalaichean
wind direction n 1 àird f na gaoithe, pl àirdean na gaoithe
2 expressed with àird f anns a bheil a’ ghaoth. What is the wind direction? dè an àird anns a bheil a’ ghaoth?
wind force n phr neart gaoithe. What is the wind force? dè an neart gaoithe a tha ann?
wind scale n phr sgèile f ghaoithe
wind surfing n phr siabadh m gaoithe, gen siabaidh ghaoithe
wind variation n phr caochlaideachd f ghaoithe
wind v tr 1 (yarn) tachrais, vn tachras m
2 (eg clock) rothaich, vn rothachadh m; rothaig, rothaigeadh
winding n tachras m, gen tachrais
2 rothachadh m, gen rothachaidh; rothaigeadh m, gen rothaigidh. The clock stopped with want of winding, stad an gleoc le dìth rothachaidh
winding a 1 tachrais
2 rothachaidh; rothaigidh. The winding gear of the mine, uidheam rothaigidh na mèinne
windmill n muileann-gaoithe m & f, gen muilinn-gaoithe, pl muilnean-gaoithe, muileannan-gaoithe
windsock n muinchill-gaoithe m, gen muinchill-ghaoithe, pl muinchillean-gaoithe
window n uinneag f, gen uinneig, pl uinneagan
bay window n phr bogh-uinneag f, gen bogh-uinneig, pl bogh-uinneagan
bow-window n phr = bay window n phr
casement window n phr uinneag f bhannach, gen uinneig bannaich, pl uinneagan bannach
dormer window n phr uinneag f mullaich, gen uinneig mullaich, pl uinneagan mullaich
double-glazed window n phr uinneag f dhà-ghlainneach, gen uinneig dà-ghlainnich, pl uinneagan dà-ghlainneach
sash window n phr 1 uinneag f chrochte, gen uinneig crochte, pl uinneagan crochte
2 uinneag f shaise, gen uinneig saise, pl uinneagan saise
swivel window n phr 1 uinneag f chòmhlaidh, gen uinneig còmhlaidh, pl uinneagan còmhlaidh
2 uinneag f udalain, gen uinneig udalain, pl uinneagan udalain
windpipe n langan-bhràghad m, gen langain-bhràghad, pl langanan-bràghad; steic-bhràghad, gen steice-bràghad, pl steicean-bràghad
windsock n muinchill-gaoithe m, pl muinchillean-gaoithe
windy a gaothach, comp gaothaiche. It is windy today, tha e gaothach an diugh
wipe v tr 1 suath, vn suathadh m
2 siab, vn siabadh m
wipe off v phr suath de, vn suathadh de
wipe up v phr suath, vn suathadh m. Protective gloves must be used when wiping up blood or other body fluids, feumar miotagan dìonach a chleachdadh nuair a thathas a’ suathadh fala no lionnaichean cuirp eile
wiper n siabair m, pl siabairean
wire n uèir f, pl uèirichean
wire cutter n phr gearradair m uèir, pl gearradairean uèir
wire fence n phr feansa f uèir, pl feansaichean uèir
wire lead n phr uèir f threòrachaidh, pl uèirichean treòrachaidh
wise a glic
wisely adv 1 gu glic
2 le gliocas. Use water wisely, caith uisge le gliocas
wish v tr 1 (a) miannaich, vn miannachadh m. Teachers will help pupils select and draft what they wish to say, cuidichidh na tidsearan a’ chlann gu bhith a’ taghadh agus a’ dreachdadh na tha iad a’ miannachadh innse
(b) is miann le. We aim to ensure that all who wish to work in our pre-school have an equal chance to do so, tha e mar amas dhuinn a dhèanamh cinnteach gu bheil aig na h-uile leis am miann a bhith ag obair nar ro-sgoil cothrom co-ionann sin a dhèanamh
2 iarr, vn iarraidh f. There may also be times when the teacher will wish to review the evidence of a pupil’s progress, faodaidh gum bi amannan ann cuideachd an uair a bhitheas an tidsear ag iarraidh ath-bhreithneachadh a dhèanamh air an dearbhadh a tha ann air adhartas pàiste
witch n 1 (a) bana-bhuidseach f, gen bana-bhuidsich, pl bana-bhuidsichean
(b) buidseach f, gen buidsich, pl buidsichean
2 badhbh f, gen baidhbh, pl badhbhan
witchcraft n buidseachd f
with prep 1 le (plus dat). The teacher will decide with pupils the main points, bidh an tidsear a’ suidheachadh leis a’ chloinn air na prìomh phuingean. Discussing texts with an individual, group or class, a’ beachdachadh air teacsaichean le aon neach, buidhinn no clas. With this knowledge, pupils can discuss and appreciate the many varieties of language, leis an eòlas seo, faodaidh a’ chlann beachdachadh agus lèirmheas a dhèanamh air gach iomadh seòrsa cànain a tha ann. This approach is also valuable with narrative poetry, tha an dòigh-obrach seo feumail cuideachd le bàrdachd-sgeòil. Pupils will talk perceptively about their own experience, with increased spontaneity, bidh a’ chlann a’ labhairt gu lèirsinneach mun cuid fiosrachaidh fhèin, leis a’ bharrachd deòin
2 ri (plus dat). This can be extended by comparison with other books read, faodar leudachadh air seo le coimeas ri leabhraichean eile a chaidh a leughadh. Paragraphing can be developed by making clear the link with the purpose of writing, faodar fàs a thoirt air a bhith a’ dèanamh pharagraf le bhith a’ soilleireachadh a’ cheangail a tha ann ri adhbhar sgrìobhaidh
3 còmhla ri (plus dat). The programmes of study which follow provide some teaching and learning approaches, with examples of content, tha na Clàran Oideachaidh a leanas a’ tairgse cuid de dhòighean teagaisg agus ionnsachaidh, còmhla ri eisimpleirean susbaint
4 maille ri (plus dat). Poetry writing depends on wide experience of listening to and reading poems, with discussion of structures and effects, tha sgrìobhadh bàrdachd an urra ri eòlas farsaing air a bhith ag èisteachd ri dàin agus gan leughadh, maille ri beachdachadh air cumaidhean agus buaidhean
5 mar. With increasing maturity, mar a bhitheas a’ chlann a’ fàs. With increasing confidence in personal narrative, mar a tha iad a’ fàs nas misneachaile ann an seanchas pearsanta
6 air (plus dat). Texts with a range of subject matter, teacsaichean air caochladh sheòrsachan cuspair. Pupils will be given familiarity with structures, gheibh a’ chlann eòlas air structairean
7 aig (plus dat). With degrees of formality that will depend on the writer’s familiarity with the target readership, aig ìrean foirmealachd a bhitheas a’ dol a-rèir ’s dè an t-eòlas a tha aig an sgrìobhadair air a luchd-amais
8 aig a bheil. The teacher will identify those with hearing and speech problems, cuiridh an tidsear aithne orrasan aig a bheil trioblaidean claisneachd is bruidhne. Pupils with difficulties in motor control or sensory impairments, clann aig a bheil duilgheadasan altachadh-cuirp no uireasbhaidhean cheudfaith
9 air a bheil. Planning for pre-school meetings and events will take into account the needs of people with disabilities, ann a bhith a’ planadh airson choinneamhan agus tachartasan ro-sgoile bithear a’ gabhail ealla ri feumalachdan dhaoine air a bheil ciorraman
10 a thaobh (plus gen). All organisations who work with children, a h-uile buidheann a tha ag obair a thaobh cloinne. With informational texts, teachers can help pupils recognise how texts dealing with different kinds of knowledge differ, a thaobh theacsaichean fiosrachaidh, faodaidh tidsearan a’ chlann a chuideachadh gus a bhith ag aithneachadh mar tha teacsaichean mu chaochladh sheòrsachan eòlais eadar-dhealaichte o chèile
11 an cois (plus gen)
12 (a) expressed with agus conj. We could not stay with the midges so bad, cha b’ urrainn dhuinn fuireach agus na meanbhchuileagan cho dona
(b) expressed with agus plus vn. This will be aided by discussion, with appropriate teacher intervention, cuidichidh beachdachadh le seo, agus an tidsear a’ tighinn a-staigh mar a bhitheas sin freagarrach. Pupils will talk for more varied and demanding purposes, with due attention to the expectations of the audience, bidh a’ chlann a’ labhairt airson barrachd sheòrsachan adhbhar, agus airson adhbhar nas duilghe, agus an aire a bhith mar as iomchaidh air na tha an luchd-amais a’ sùileachadh
(c) expressed with agus plus aig. Pupils will use language with some grasp of idiomatic expressions, bidh a’ chlann a’ cleachdadh cànain agus tomhas de ghreim a bhith aca air gnàthasan-cainnt. Pupils will talk perceptively about their own experience, with firm grasp of appropriate content and structure, bidh a’ chlann a’ labhairt gu lèirsinneach mun cuid fiosrachaidh fhèin, agus greim math aca air susbaint agus cumadh freagarrach
13 expressed with a’ or ag plus vn. The following ranges of activities might be undertaken, with a gradual movement from structured to somewhat less structured learning situations, dh’fhaoidte caochladh ghnìomhan, mar a leanas, a ghabhail os làimh, a’ gluasad mean air mhean bho shuidhichidhean-ionnsachaidh stèidhichte gu feadhainn nach eil buileach cho stèidhichte. Pupils will give a succinct, coherent account of their experience of texts, with sensitive expression of feelings and reactions, bidh a’ chlann a’ toirt iomraidh ghoirid, dhòigheil, phongail air an cuid fiosrachaidh air teacsaichean, a’ cur an cèill am faireachdainnean agus am beachdan gu mothachail
14 expressed with gen. A more highly developed facility with language, comas-cànain aig ìre nas àirde
with which prep phr 1 expressed with gus plus possessive pron. Pupils will explore through wide reading a variety of models of stylistic techniques with which to experiment, bidh a’ chlann a’ rannsachadh tro leughadh farsaing caochladh eisimpleirean de dhòighean stoighle gus am feuchainn
2 expressed with agus plus gu, gun, gum. “Genre” is a term used to describe a property of texts, that each text belongs to a group, or set, of texts with which it shares common features, tha “Gnè” air a chleachdadh gus iomradh a dhèanamh air nàdar theacsaichean, a’ comharrachadh gum buin a h-uile teacsa do bhuidheann theacsaichean agus gu bheil dòighean anns a bheil e coltach riutha sin
withdraw I v tr 1 tarraing a-mach, vn tarraing a-mach (from, à). Any staff member who contracts a persistant cough must withdraw from work, ma thogas neach sam bith den luchd-obrach casad leanailteach feumaidh i/e tarraing a-mach às a cuid/chuid obrach
2 (a) thoir a-mach, vn toirt a-mach (from, à). I withdrew money from the back, thug mi airgead a-mach às a’ bhanc
(b) thoir air ais, vn toirt air ais. He must withdraw his accusations or prove them, feumaidh e na casaidean aige a thoirt air ais neo dearbhadh a thoirt orra
3 ais-tharraing, vn ais-tharraing f
II withdraw v i 1 tarraing, vn tarraing f. The company that previously supported them is now withdrawing, tha an companaidh a chuir taic riutha roimhe a-nis a’ tarraing
2 expressed with tarraing a-mach às a’ chùis. He will withdraw for much of the time, bidh e a’ tarraing a-mach às a’ chùis fad mòran ùine
withdrawal n ais-tharraing f, gen ais-tharrainge, pl ais-tharraingean
within prep 1 (a) taobh a-staigh (plus gen) . Within the strand, taobh a-staigh na h-èille. Between colleagues within the school, am measg luchd-teagaisg taobh a-staigh na sgoile. Schools should provide learning activities within a context, tha aig sgoiltean ri gnìomhan ionnsachaidh a thairgse taobh a-staigh suidheachaidh iomchaidh
(b) taobh a-staigh de (plus dat). Pupils should be given an interest in words, and the patterns within them, tha còir ùidh na cloinne a thogail ann am faclan, agus na pàtarain a tha an taobh a-staigh dhiubh
(c) expressed with agus siud uile taobh a-staigh (plus gen). From that vantage point the study of language and culture should radiate outwards, deepening and developing knowledge and skills, within a framework of increasingly rich associations, bu choir oideachadh na cànain agus an dualchais lìonsgaradh a-mach on t-suidheachadh bhuannachdail sin, a’ doimhneachadh agus a’ leudachadh eòlais agus sgilean, agus siud uile taobh a-staigh cheanglaichean a tha a’ sìor fhàs buannachdail agus beairteach
2 an prep (plus dat). The needs of the class and individuals within it, feuman a’ chlas agus feuman na cloinne fa leth anns a’ chlas. Contexts are the motivating situations within which teaching, learning and assessment activities take place, is ann an suidhichidhean a ghluaiseas an inntinn a thèid gnìomhan teagaisg, ionnsachaidh agus measaidh air adhart. In the discussion of diversity within Gaelic, ann a bhith a’ beachdachadh air iomadalachd anns a’ Ghàidhlig. To ensure that Gaelic continues to be acquired within a natural setting, gus dèanamh cinnteach gum bi a’ Ghàidhlig fhathast ga togail ann an suidheachadh nàdarrach. Pupils will develop ways of expressing, within their writing, their reactions to their experiences, bidh a’ chlann a’ togail dhòighean air cur an cèill, nan cuid sgrìobhaidh, mar a tha iad air an gluasad le an cuid fhiosraichidhean
3 a-staigh an (plus dat). The ground here has been enriched by enclosing animals within it at certain seasons, chaidh an talamh an seo a dhèanamh na bu thorraiche le bhith a’ cròthadh bheathaichean a-staigh ann aig amannan sònraichte
4 am broinn (plus gen). All toxic substances must at all times be stored in their original containers within appropriate locked cupboards, feumar stuthan tocsaineach air fad a stòradh daonnan anns na bogsaichean-stòraidh tùsail aca am broinn phreasan glaiste freagarrach
5 aig (plus dat). Progress that can be made within this one level, an t-adhartas a ghabhas a dhèanamh aig an aon ìre seo
6 air (plus dat). They are committed to assisting their groups provide a safe and healthy environment for children within their care, tha iad a’ cur romhpa gun cuidich iad am buidhnean gus suidheachadh sàbhailte agus fallain a chruthachadh do chloinn air an cùram
within a period of prep phr an taobh a-staigh (plus gen). You will receive a reply within two weeks, gheibh thu freagairt an taobh a-staigh dà sheachdain
within reach prep phr expressed with faod … ruigheachd air. Further targets which are within their reach, an tuilleadh chuimsean air am faod iad ruigheachd
without prep 1 gun. To disagree without antagonizing others, a bhith a’ nochdadh easaonta gun a dhol a-mach air feadhainn eile
2 às aonais (plus gen). Some pupils acquire the habits of recognition and categorisation readily, others never develop them without help, tha cuid de chloinn a thogas cleachdaidhean aithne agus seòrsaidh gu h-ealamh, cuid eile nach dèan sin idir às aonais cuideachaidh
3 às eugmhais (plus gen)
without being v phr (in passive impersonal construction) gunar. This metre may be represented by the following formula, without some lines having an unstressed syllable more or less being included, dh’fhaoidte a’ mheadrachd seo riochdachadh leis an fhoirmle a leanas, gunar corra sreath anns a bheil lide gun chudthrom a dhìth no bharrachd a ghabhail a-steach
wizard n 1 draoidh m, pl draoidhean
2 buidseach m, gen buidsich, pl buidsichean
wizardry n 1 draoidheachd f
2 buidseachd f
woman n 1 bean f, gen mnà, mnatha, dat mnaoi, pl mnathan
2 boireannach m, gen & pl boireannach. A big strong woman, boireannach mòr tapaidh
womanly n banail, comp banaile, banala
womb n 1 machlag f, gen machlaig, pl machlagan
2 brù f, broinn f, gen bronn, broinn, dat broinn, pl brùthan, broinnean
wood n 1 coille f, pl coilltean. A coniferous wood, coille chònaifearach. Mixed wood, coille mheasgaichte. A non-coniferous wood, coille neo-chònaifearach
2 fiodh m, gen fiodha
wood pulp n phr pronnach f fhiodha, gen pronnaich fiodha
woodcutter n 1 gearradair-chraobh m, pl gearradairean-chraobh
2 coillear m, gen coilleir, pl coillearan
wooden a 1 fiodha
2 de dh’fhiodh. Wooden or wattle fences which may also have been used do not, of course, now survive, is dòcha gu robhar a’ cleachdadh fheansaichean de dh’fhiodh no de chlèith-chaoil cuideachd, ach mar a bhitheadh dùil cha do dh’fhàg iad seo lorg sam bith
wool n 1 clòimh f, gen clòimhe
2 olann f, gen olainn
3 snàth m, gen snàtha, snàith, pl snàithean
word n 1 facal m, gen facail, pl faclan, facail. We have so many words to describe the weather, tha uimhir de dh’fhacail againn a dh’innse mun t-sìde. Using common linking words, a’ cleachdadh fhaclan-ceangail cumanta. A selection of terms referring to the words, grammar and sounds of the language, taghadh de bhriathran a bhuineas do dh’fhaclan, do ghràmar agus do dh’fhuaimean na cànain
2 briathar m, gen briathair, pl briathran. Tell it in your own words, innis e nad bhriathran fhèin
bring word v phr 1 thoir fios, vn toirt fios. He brought word that we were to get it, thug e fios gu robh sinn gu bhith ga fhaighinn
2 thoir brath, vn toirt brath
in other words, ann am briathran eile
word mod fhaclan. Pupils will be introduced systematically to word spacing, cuirear a’ chlann ann an dòigh riaghailteach an greim ann a bhith a’ dealachadh fhaclan. There will still be a need for the teacher to help pupils with word choice, feumaidh an tidsear fhathast a’ chlann a chuideachadh le taghadh fhaclan
word bank n phr, wordbank n banca-fhaclan m, pl bancaichean-fhaclan. Using a simple wordbank, le bhith a’ cur am feum banca-fhaclan sìmplidh. Word banks should be introduced, tha còir tòiseachadh air bancaichean-fhaclan. Using games involving wordbanks, a’ cleachdadh gheamannan a tha a’ cleachdadh bhancaichean-fhaclan
word ending n phr deireadh-facail m, gen deiridh-fhacail, pl deiridhean-facail. This is the word ending which normally occurs in the dialect for the second person singular of the conditional tense, ’s e seo an deireadh-facail a gheibhear am bitheantas san dualchainnt air an dàra pearsa shingilte den tràth chumhach
word processing n phr dealbh-sgrìobhadh m, gen dealbh-sgrìobhaidh. Word processing aids re-drafting, tha dealbh-sgrìobhadh na chuideachadh do dh’ath-dhreachdadh. By activities such as word-processing, data handling and simulations, enable them to communicate more effectively with others, bidh gnìomhan mar tha dealbh-sgrìobhadh. làimhseachadh fiosrachaidh agus cur an ìre a’ toirt comais dhaibh air conaltradh nas buadhmhoire a dhèanamh ri feadhainn eile. Through the use of word-processing, le bhith a’ cleachdadh dealbh-sgrìobhaidh
word processing mod phr 1 dealbh-sgrìobhaidh. Word processing facilities, goireasan dealbh-sgrìobhaidh
2 airson dealbh-sgrìobhaidh. Appropriate word processing software is available for all stages, tha bog-bhathar freagarrach airson dealbh-sgrìobhaidh ri fhaotainn airson gach aois is ìre
word processor n dealbh-sgrìobhadair m, pl dealbh-sgrìobhadairean. The skills necessary to enable them to use word processors, na sgilean a dh’fheumas iad gus dealbh-sgrìobhadairean a chleachdadh
word-final a aig deireadh facail. Elision of word-final schwa vowels is common, tha bàthadh na nì cumanta air fuaimreagan schwa aig deireadh facail
word-formation n togail-fhaclan f
word-initial a aig toiseach facail. The article is completely elided here, occuring as it does between the final vowel of “mi” and word-initial “l-” of “làmh”, tha an t-alt air a bhathadh gu h-iomlan an seo, is e eadar an fhuaimreag dheireannach de “mi” agus an “l-” aig toiseach an fhacail “làmh”
wordiness n briathrachas m, gen briathrachais
wordy a briathrach, comp briathraiche
work n 1 obair f, gen obrach, oibre, pl obraichean, oibrichean. It is nevertheless assumed that work relating to the strand will begin in the years before attainment is assessed, gabhar ris air a shon sin gum bi obair a bhuineas ris an iall a’ tòiseachadh anns na bliadhnachan mum bi coileanadh air a mheasadh. Taking responsibility for organising their work, a’ gabhail uallaich gus rian a chur air an cuid obrach
2 saothair f, gen saothrach. What is in Turner of the work of Iain Lom, na tha ann am Mac an Tuairneir de shaothair Iain Luim
3 sgrìobhadh m, gen sgrìobhaidh, pl sgrìobhaidhean. Non-fiction itself includes journalism, works of history, astronomy, tha fìorsgeul fhèin a’ gabhail a-staigh naidheachdas, sgrìobhaidhean eachdraidh, reul-eòlas
4 not directly expressed. Attractive displays of posters, poems and short anthologies, with work compiled by pupils, taisbeanaidhean tarraingeach de shanasairean, de dhàin agus de chruinnichidhean goirid a chaidh a chur ri chèile leis a’ chloinn
school work n phr obair-sgoile f
thematic work n phr obair-chuspair f
to work prep phr gu plus poss pron plus obair. I hate cycling to work in the rain, tha gràin agam air a bhith a’ dol gu m’ obair air a’ bhaidhsagal anns an uisge
work done again n phr ath-obair f, gen ath-obrach. Work and work done again, obair agus ath-obair (proverb)
works n phr 1 (literary) saothair f, gen saothrach
• sgrìobhaidhnean m pl
2 (industrial) ionad m, gen ionaid, pl ionadan. Sewage works, ionad òtrachais. Water treatment works, ionad leasachaidh uisge
work v i 1 bi ag obair. Pupils will benefit from working with real models of effective Gaelic, bithidh e feumail don chloinn a bhith ag obair le eisimpleirean dligheach de Ghàidhlig dhòigheil. Pupils will work regularly in pairs, bidh a’ chlann ag obair gu cunbhalach mar chàraidean. Pupils are expected to work towards a common goal in group activity, thàtar a’ sùileachadh gum bi a’ chlann ag obair a dh’ionnsaigh ceann-uidhe choitchinn ann an gnìomh buidhne. Teachers will have the security of working within a consistent language programme, gheibh tidsearan neart o bhith ag obair taobh a-staigh prògram-cànain a tha cunbhalach
2 dèan obair, vn dèanamh m obrach. Groups should be able to work independently, tha còir gum bitheadh buidhnean comasach air obair a dhèanamh air an ceann fhèin
3 obraich, vn obrachadh m. Small groups may work more independently, faodaidh buidhnean beaga obrachadh nas motha air an ceann fhèin
4 not expressed. The response of audience will help the reader to work at developing the skills of reading aloud, bidh an dòigh anns an gabh an luchd-amais ris na chuideachadh don leughadair gu bhith a’ toirt air adhart sgilean leughaidh a-mach
work co-operatively v phr expressed with co-oibrich, vn co-oibreachadh m. They should be encouraged to work co-operatively, bu chòir am misneachadh gu bhith a’ co-oibreachadh
working a 1 expressed with gnìomha. Working paper, pàipear gnìomha
2 not expressed. Give pupils a working knowledge of reference materials, eòlas a thoirt don chloinn air stuthan fiosrachaidh
working n obrachadh m. Mine workings, obrachaidhean na mèinne
working conditions n phr suidheachadh m obrach, gen suidheachaidh obrach, pl suidhichidhean obrach
worker n 1 neach-obrach m, pl luchd-obrach. Commitment to implementing the group’s Equal Opportunities Policy will form part of the job description for all workers, bithidh gealltanas a thaobh a bhith a’ cur an gnìomh Poileasaidh Co-ionannachd Chothroman na buidhne mar phàirt den tuairisgeul obrach a bhitheas aig gach neach-obrach
2 obraiche m, pl obraichean. She is a good worker, ’s e obraiche math a tha innte
workforce n luchd-obrach m
workplace n ionad-obrach m, pl ionadan-obrach. Gaelic has currency in the home and the workplace, tha àite agus inbhe aig a’ Ghàidhlig anns an dachaigh agus anns an ionad-obrach
workshop n 1 bùth-obrach f, pl bùthan-obrach
2 buidheann-obrach m, pl buidhnean-obrach. If one wishes to join in these workshops must one book? ma tha neach airson a dhol air na buidhnean-obrach a tha seo am feum neach bucadh?
world n saoghal m, gen & pl saoghail. The Gaelic speaking world, saoghal na Gàidhlig
world mod cruinne. The World Cup, Cupa na Cruinne. The world champion, gaisgeach na cruinne
worm n 1 boiteag f, gen boiteag, pl boiteagan
2 (a) baoiteag f, gen baoiteig, pl baoiteagan
(b) baoit f, pl baoitean
wormwood n burmaid f
worry v tr buair, vn buaireadh m
worship n adhradh m, gen adhraidh
worship v tr dèan adhradh do, vn dèanamh adhraidh do. Worshipping God, a’ dèanamh adhraidh do Dhia
worthwhile a as fhiach an t-saothair. Any worthwhile Gaelic activity will move in and out of components, bidh gnìomh Gàidhlig sam bith as fhiach an t-saothair a’ gluasad a-mach agus a-steach à earrainnean. When their minds have been caught and turned towards a worthwhile enterprise, an uair a ghabhar greim air na h-inntinnean aca agus a stiùirear iad a dh’ionnsaigh iomairt as fhiach an t-saothair
worthy a airidh (of, air). A worthy cause, adhbhar airidh. Perhaps it was the songs he himself regarded as most worthy of preservation that the bard dictated through that summer, dh’fhaodadh gur e na h-òrain a b’ airidh mheas e fhèin air glèidheadh a dheachd am bàrd tron t-samhradh ud
woundwort, marsh n (Stachys palustris) 1 creuchd-lus m fèithe, gen creuchd-lus fhèithe
2 brisgean-nan-caorach m, gen brisgein-nan-caorach
3 cuislean-gun-dòrainn f pl
wrack, bladder n (Fucus vesiculosus), see bladderwrack n
wreath n blàth-fhleasg f, pl blàth-fhleasgan
wrestle v i gleac, vn gleac, gleacadh m
wretched a bochd, comp bochda
write v tr sgrìobh, vn sgrìobhadh m. Pupils will write functionally, personally and imaginatively, bidh sgoilearan a’ sgrìobhadh gu gnìomhach, gu pearsanta agus gu cruthachail. Through discussion about what they have written, le beachdachadh air na tha iad air a sgrìobhadh
writing n 1 sgrìobhadh m, gen sgrìobhaidh, pl sgrìobhaidhean. Through writing, pupils can define, order and understand ideas, tro sgrìobhadh, thèid aig a’ chloinn air mìneachadh a dhèanamh air bun-bheachdan, air rian a chur orra agus air an tuigsinn. Humorous writings, sgrìobhaidhnean àbhachdach. Supported by evidence which will be of help in producing writing, le taice o dhearbhadh a chuidicheas le sgrìobhadh a chur ri chèile. With the need to develop the skills of reading and writing, mar a bhitheas feum air sgilean leughaidh agus sgriobhaidh a thoirt air adhart. The teacher will stimulate excitement and enthusiasm for writing, togaidh an tidsear beothalachd agus dealas airson an sgrìobhaidh. More fully formed and organised outcomes, involving scene setting and the writing of scripts, toraidhean air a bheil an tuilleadh cumaidh agus eagrachaidh, agus a tha a’ gabhail a-steach sheallaidhean agus sgrìobhadh sgriobtaichean
2 expressed with a bhith a’ sgrìobhadh. From writing about events drawn from their day-to-day lives, o bhith a’ sgrìobhadh mu thachartasan a tha iad a’ toirt às am beatha làitheil fhèin. Pupils’ writing of poetry will be aided by their reading aloud, bidh a’ chlann air an cuideachadh ann a bhith a’ sgrìobhadh bàrdachd le bhith a’ leughadh a-mach. In the course of their own writing they will learn to use these conventions, ann a bhith a’ sgrìobhadh iad fhèin, ionnsaichidh iad na cleachdaidhean seo a chur gu feum. They may also have a heightened sense of writing and talking for genuine purposes, faodaidh iad cuideachd am barrachd tuigse fhaotainn air a bhith a’ sgrìobhadh agus a’ labhairt gus fìor amasan a choileanadh
3 expressed with gnìomh m, plus sgrìobhadh m. An assessment should clearly relate to the particular purpose of the talk or writing, tha còir aig measadh a bhith ann an dàimh shoilleir ri adhbhar sònraichte a’ ghnìomha, eadar labhairt is sgrìobhadh
writing mod sgrìobhaidh. Writing strategies, dòighean-sgrìobhaidh. Writing activities, gnìomhan sgrìobhaidh
writing strategy n phr dòigh-sgrìobhaidh f, pl dòighean-sgrìobhaidh. The teacher will demonstrate different writing strategies, bidh an tidsear a’ taisbeanadh caochladh sheòrsachan de dhòighean-sgrìobhaidh
writing table n phr bòrd-sgrìobhaidh m, gen & pl bùird-sgrìobhaidh
written a 1 sgrìobhte. Written literature, litreachas sgrìobhte. In these written outcomes, anns na builean sgrìobhte seo. Written responses will develop from discussion, fàsaidh freagairtean sgrìobhte à beachdachadh. Pupils of all abilities create written texts, tha clann de gach comas a’ cur theacsaichean sgrìobhte ri chèile
2 air a sgrìobhadh. Information, written and spoken, will be clearly communicated in as many languages as necessary, thèid fiosrachadh, an dà chuid air a sgrìobhadh agus air a labhairt, a chur an cèill gu soilleir ann an uiread de chànainean agus a tha riatanach
3 ann an sgrìobhadh. Children will be asked to produce short oral or written accounts, bidh a’ chlann a’ cur ri chèile cunntasan goirid ann an cainnt-bheòil no ann an sgrìobhadh
4 sgrìobhaidh. Written activities may follow from discussions, faodaidh gnìomhan-sgrìobhaidh fàs à gnìomhan beachdachaidh. The teacher will periodically act as scribe to give these thoughts a written form, bidh an tidsear bho àm gu àm a’ sgrìobhadh às an leth gus na smaointean sin a chur ann an riochd
written source n phr bun m sgrìobhte, pl bunan sgrìobhte
writer n 1 sgrìobhaiche. The simpler aspects of the writer’s craft, na nithean as sìmplidh a bhuineas do cheàird an sgrìobhaiche. Comment briefly on the opinions and attitudes of the writer, a’ beachdachadh ann an aithghearrachd air beachdan agus rùintean an sgrìobhaiche. Some of the easier poems of writers like Iain Crichton Smith, cuid de na dàin as fhasa aig sgrìobhaichean mar tha Iain Crichton Mac a’ Ghobhainn
2 sgrìobhadair. In language registers and with degrees of formality that will depend on the writer’s familiarity with the target readership, ann am modhan cànain agus aig ìrean foirmealachd a bhitheas a’ dol a-rèir ’s dè an t-eòlas a tha aig an sgrìobhadair air a luchd-amais. The secretarial skills are capable of improvement only when the young writer has some notion of what to say, cha ghabh piseach thoirt air na sgilean eagrachaidh gu bràth gus am bi rudeigin de bheachd aig an sgrìobhadair òg air dè their e
3 ùghdar m, gen ùghdair, pl ùghdairean. Teachers should compare different writers’ treatment of a theme, tha còir aig tidsearan a bhith a’ coimeas mar a tha ùghdairean eadar-dhealaichte a’ dèiligeadh ri cuspair
4 pl, luchd-sgrìobhaidh. That before writers could use nouns, they needed to know what a noun was, gum feumadh luchd-sgrìobhaidh fios a bhith aca dè bha ann an ainmear mus cuireadh iad ainmearan am feum
5 expressed with sgrìobhadh m, gen sgrìobhaidh. They can so easily be related to the writer’s purpose, tha e cho furasta an cur ann an dàimh ris an adhbhar-sgrìobhaidh
6 expressed with a bhith a’ sgrìobhadh. Good examples of the writing of adults support pupils as writers, tha deagh eisimpleirean de sgrìobhadh inbheach nan taice don chloinn ann a bhith a’ sgrìobhadh
7 expressed with ann an sgrìobhadh. As pupils become more confident readers and writers, mar a tha a’ chlann a’ fàs nas misneachaile ann an leughadh ’s ann an sgrìobhadh
written a, see write v tr
wrong a 1 ceàrr, comp cearra, ciorra. Rather than as “right/wrong” assignments, ’s chan ann mar iomairtean “ceart no ceàrr”
2 expressed with neg plus ceart idir. It would be wrong for a pupil’s listening development to be stunted, cha bhitheadh e ceart idir casg a chur air fàs pàiste ann an èisteachd
wrought a obraichte. Wrought iron, iarann obraichte
X
x-axis n 1 x-aiseal f, gen x-aiseil, pl x-aisealan
2 taobh-loidhne f, pl taobh-loidhneachan
xenon n xenon m, xeineon m
xenophobia n gall-ghamhlas m, gen gall-ghamhlais
X-ray n X-ghath m, pl X-ghathan
xylophone n saidhleafon m, gen saidhleafoin, pl saidhleafonan
Y
y-axis n 1 y-aiseal f, gen y-aiseil, pl y-aisealan
2 bun-loidhne f, pl bun-loidhneachan
yacht n geat, gheat f, pl geataichean, gheataichean
yard n gàrradh m, gen gàrraidh, pl gàrraidhean
court-yard n cùirt f, pl cùirtean
yak n yac, geac m, pl yacan, geacan
yawl n (rowing-boat) geòla f, pl geòlaichean
year n 1 bliadhna f, pl bliadhnachan, bliadhnaichean. In the pre-school years, anns na bliadhnachan ron sgoil
2 expressed with aois f. In the middle and upper ranges of the 5-14 year group, aig an aois mheadhain agus an aois as àirde anns a’ bhuidhinn 5-14
year mod bliadhna. For other year-groups within the school, do bhuidhnean-bliadhna eile san sgoil
from the earliest years n phr 1 expressed with o thùs òige. Give pupils, from the earliest years, a thoirt don chloinn, o thùs an òige
2 expressed with o thoiseach gnothaich
in the early years prep phr 1 expressed with aig toiseach gnothaich. Especially in the early years, gu sònraichte aig toiseach gnothaich
2 expressed with aig tùs na h-òige
3 expressed with aig toiseach. In the early years of the secondary school, aig toiseach na h-àrdsgoile
last year n phr 1 a’ bhliadhna an-uiridh
2 expressed with an-uiridh. Last year’s world champion was in third place, bha gaisgeach na cruinne an-uiridh san treas àite
last year adv an-uiridh
next year adv an ath-bhliadhna
New Year n phr Bliadhna f Ùr, gen Bliadhna Ùire. Happy New Year! Bliadhna Mhath Ùr!
the year before last adv phr a bhòn-uiridh or a bhàn-uiridh
this year adv am-bliadhna
two year mod phr a mhaireas dà bhliadhna. By the end of this two year phase, mu dheireadh na h-ùine seo, a mhaireas dà bhliadhna
yearling n bliadhnach m, gen & pl bliadhnaich
yearly n bliadhnail
yeast n beirm f, gen beirme
yellow n buidhe m
yellow a buidhe. The colours of the rainbow are violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange, and red, ’s iad dathan a’ bhogha-fhroise liath or bàn-phurpaidh, gorm-liath or guirmeanach, gorm, buidhe-ghorm or uaine, buidhe, dearg-bhuidhe or orains, agus dearg. The Yellow Pages, na Duilleagan Buidhe
yesterday adv an-dè
the day before yesterday n, adv a’ bhòn-dè
yet adv fhathast. He hasn’t arrived yet, cha d’ràinig e fhathast
yet conj an dèidh sin. Though it is clear that this is not literally true, yet we may well believe part of it, ged a tha e follaiseach nach eil seo fìor gu litireil, an dèidh sin ’s ann a dh’fhaodas sinn creideas a thoirt do phàirt dheth
Yiddish pr n (language) Giùdais f
yield v tr 1 gèill, vn gèilleadh m
2 aom, vn aomadh m
3 expressed with faigh às, vn faighinn às. Many activities in Gaelic can yield evidence for assessment of more than one attainment target, tha mòran ghnìomhan anns a’ Ghàidhlig às am faighear dearbhadh gus còrr agus aon chuimse-choileanaidh a mheasadh
yet adv fhathast
yet more a phr expressed with an tuilleadh ’s am barrachd plus gen. Not least for the acquisition of yet more languages, agus gu h-àraidh gus an tuilleadh ’s am barrachd chànan a thogail
yet conj expressed with an dèidh sin. And yet I like him, agus an dèidh sin is toigh leam e
yolk n buidheagan m, gen & pl buidheagain. Yolks and whites, buidheagain agus gealagain
young a òg, comp òige. Young pupils’ listening, èisteachd phàistean òga. The youngest pupils, a’ chlann as òige
your poss a 1 (singular) do (leniting)
2 (plural and polite) ur, bhur (not leniting)
youth n 1 (abstract) òige f
2 (person) òigear m, gen òigeir, pl òigearan
osdail f òigridh, pl osdailean òigridh
Yugoslavia pr n Iùgo-Slàbhia f
Z
zebra n asal-stiallach f, gen asail-stiallaich, pl asaln-stiallach
zero n neoni f
zinc n sinc m
zone n sòn m, pl sònan. Subduction zone, sòn dol-fodha. Ecologically the land can be divided into three zones, a thaobh eag-eòlais faodar an talamh a roinn ann an trì sònan
zoo n sù m & f, sutha f, pl suthan
zoological a 1 ainmh-eòlach
2 ainmhidhean. The Zoological Gardens, Gàrradh nan ainmhidhean
zoologist n ainmh-eòlaiche m, pl ainmh-eòlaichean
zoology n ainmh-eòlas m, gen ainmh-eòlais
zoomorphic n ainmh-chruthach
zoomorphism n ainmh-chruthachd f
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