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2328689-62547500Chapter 14: Human HeredityI. Metacognition: By the end of this unit you are expected to be able to do/complete all objectives below. Your teacher will help you understand this material, but it is ultimately your responsibility. Constantly ask yourself whether or not you are meeting these targets, and what are you doing to master them?PreCheckTBSectionObjectives (*EOB)PostCheck14.11. Identify the sex of a human based on its genotype.*14.12. Describe the patterns of the inheritance of human traits.*14.13. Interpret a pedigree to study human traits.*14.24. Explain how small changes in DNA can cause genetic disorders.*14.35. Describe the importance in studying the human genome.II. Vocabulary Building: Due Date: __________________How am I going to learn the terms? (select one or create your own idea that is teacher approved)Make flashcards of all vocabulary terms and definitions.Make a flip chart including all vocabulary terms and definitions.Other Ideas (teacher approved)? ________________________________________________III. Chapter Vocabulary and Root Words: TermDefinitionMemory CueGenomeKaryotypeSex chromosomeAutosomeSex-linked genePedigreeNondisjunctionRestriction enzymesGel electrophoresisGenomicsIV. Guided Reading Section Questions (*EOB): Section 14.1 p. 392-397: Human Chromosomes PreCheckObjectives (*EOB)PostCheck1. Identify the sex of a human based on its genotype.*2. Describe the patterns of the inheritance of human traits.*3. Interpret a pedigree to study human traits.*What types of chromosomes are found in a human karyotype? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ What is the difference between autosomes and sex chromosomes?* _____________________________________________________________________________________________414845533210500___________________________________________________________________________What determines whether a person is male or female? * _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Genotype for female = ____________Genotype for male = ____________36633157747000Is the following karyotype a male or female? How can you tell? *______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Why would the Y chromosome be unlikely to contain any of the genes that are absolutely necessary for survival? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Is it possible for a person with blood genotype IA IB to have offspring blood type A? Explain. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________How are sex-linked disorders inherited? * ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________How are sex-linked traits different than autosomal traits? * ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________How are sex-linked patterns different in males and females? * ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Explain how pedigrees are used to study human traits.* ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Use the following pedigree, background information, and your reading to answer the questions below.*Albinism. Individuals who lack an enzyme needed to form the skin pigment melanin have a condition called achromia or albinism. Melanin skin pigmentation is dominant. Write the phenotypes and genotypes of the family below. Next answer analysis questions A - F by circling the correct choice.346583083883500Use DD to represent the gene for melanin pigmented skin and dd to represent the genotype for albinism. If an individual is heterozygous they are considered a carrier. They carry the gene for albinism in their genotype but physically have pigment expressed as color in their skin (melanin phenotype). For carriers, represent their genotype as Dd. Phenotype GenotypeI 1 ________________ 2 ________________II 3 ________________279908026670Analysis Questions:The individuals I-1 & I-2 are (mating/siblings).The individuals II-3 & II-4 are (mating/siblings).The individuals III-10 & III-11 are (mating/siblings).The individuals I-1 & I-2 are (carriers/albinos).The individuals II-5 & II-6 are (pigmented/albinos).The individual III-12 is (pigmented/albino).00Analysis Questions:The individuals I-1 & I-2 are (mating/siblings).The individuals II-3 & II-4 are (mating/siblings).The individuals III-10 & III-11 are (mating/siblings).The individuals I-1 & I-2 are (carriers/albinos).The individuals II-5 & II-6 are (pigmented/albinos).The individual III-12 is (pigmented/albino). 4 ________________ 5 ________________ 6 _______________III 7 ________________ 8 ________________ 9 ________________ 10 ________________ 11 ________________ 12 ________________Section 14.2 p. 398-401: Human Chromosomes PreCheckObjectives (*EOB)PostCheck1. Explain how small changes in DNA can cause genetic disorders.*Explain how small changes in DNA cause genetic disorders.*________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________How do genetic disorders such as CF or malaria support the theory of evolution? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Can a genetic counselor use a karyotype to identify a carrier of cystic fibrosis? Explain. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Describe two sex chromosome disorders. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________How does nondisjunction cause chromosomal disorders? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________35236153175000What can you infer about the relationship between the age of the mother and the incidence of Down syndrome? _________________________________________________________________________________________4248150-635000Refer to textbook page 398 for more info on Malaria. What is the relationship between the places where malaria and the sickle cell allele are found? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________In 1805, a Scottish explorer named Mungo Park led an expedition of European geographers to find the source of the Niger River in Africa. The journey began with a party of 45 Europeans. During their expedition, most of these men perished from malaria. Why do you think their native African guides survived? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________As the map shows, the sickle cell allele is not found in African populations that are native to southern Africa. Propose an explanation for this discrepancy. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Section 14.3 p. 403-409: Studying the Human GenomePreCheckObjectives (*EOB)PostCheck1. Describe the importance in studying the human genome.How do molecular biologists identify genes in sequences of DNA? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________What is the purpose of the Human Genome Project? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________V. I can statements: Read the following I can statements and complete the table with evidence you know that I can statement. This could include a sentence, a picture, etc. You MUST complete this section for credit.TBSectionI can statement (*EOB)Evidence14.11a. I can distinguish between a male (XY) and a female (XX) genotype.*14.11b. I can explain the difference between sex chromosomes and autosomes.14.11c. I can explain what a karyotype is and how it was made.14.11d. I can analyze a karyotype to determine the sex of an individual.*14.11e. I can analyze a karyotype to determine if a person has a chromosomal genetic disorder.14.12a. I can explain how many traits follow a pattern of simple dominance and provide an example of this in humans.14.12b. I can explain how some traits follow a pattern of codominant and multiple alleles.14.12c. I can explain how there can be four different phenotypes for human blood type even though there are six different genotypes.14.12d. I can create and interpret a Punnett square involving the transmission of blood type from parents to offspring.14.12e. I can explain how sex-linked traits are different than autosomal traits.*14.12f. I can explain how sex-linked disorders are inherited*14.12g. I can compare and contrast the inheritance patters of sex-linked traits in males and females.*14.12h. I can create and interpret a Punnett square involving the transmission of a sex-linked trait from parents to offspring.14.12i. I can explain X chromosome inactivation and why it occurs.14.13a. I can explain what a pedigree is and how it was made.14.13b. I can summarize the information provided in a pedigree.*14.13c. I can determine the sex of individuals in a pedigree.14.13d. I can determine the genotypes and phenotypes of individuals in a pedigree.*14.24a. I can explain how small changes in DNA molecules affect human traits and provide an example of this in humans.*14.24b. I can explain what nondisjunction is and when it occurs.14.24c. I can explain the effects of nondisjunction in creating a variation of traits in future generations.*14.35a. I can summarize the three major steps used in DNA analysis.14.35b. I can state the goals of the Human Genome Project and explain what we have learned so far.VI. Study GuideThe final chapter assessment is on ____________________________To study for the test I have completed the following:___ Completing the entire reading guide___ Rereading the entire chapter___ Making flashcards___ Making my own study guide___ Reviewing all of my notes___ Reviewing all of my labs___ Reviewing all of my worksheets___ Reviewing all of my quizzes___ Quizzing myself ___ Quizzing a classmate___ Creating a practice test___ Outlining the chapter___ Copying my notes___Making a graph organizer___ Getting additional help from my teacher___ Taking online quizzes/tests on website___ Other (explain: _______________________________)___ Other (explain: _______________________________)___ Other (explain: _______________________________)___ Other (explain: _______________________________)I predict that I will earn the following grade on my assessment ___________ because _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ................
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