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Lesson 1Passport: NC Appalachian Toys and GamesThis day of activities covers specifically the lives of children and their families in the Appalachian region of North Carolina. Although North Carolina is one state there are many different cultural groups throughout the state with diverse traditions from their past. This lesson focuses on the Appalachian region of the colonial times and the games and activities listed will reflect the daily lives of children in the colonial era. Major ConceptsA summation of the games and toys can be found in this quote which was taken from a video on colonial Appalachia:“A lot of the toys were very gender specific, they were getting you ready for older life. Girls would have a lot of things about handwork, sewing, cooking, serving, things like that. Boys had more of the hands-on skills to get them ready for a trade. Girls would learn things like weaving, this is just a little hand loom, more of a practice thing, you would come out with something looking about like this, and it would, you know, you could sew some of them together, but it was mainly practice. You’d have what we call a "Knitting Nancy," but you would wrap the string around, pull the bottom loop over, and you end up with a cord like this. You can take that cord, sew it together, make a little mat, whatever you’d like.”Here is a link to this great descriptive video about the games played in colonial Appalachia. . If there is access to a computer, internet and projector screen this video can be played for the students.Additional games and information: K-5 Activities SummarizedActivity 1Students are introduced to the Appalachian culture and lifestyle through various readings and articles presented by the teacher. Activity 2After a discussion on the rules and origins of toys and games the students divide into separate stations to play the assigned game or create a toy. Activity 3Reflection on the activities leads to a discussion on how the Appalachia culture affected the creation of the games. Activity 1 (Additional Resources Needed)If there are speakers available, traditional Appalachia music can be played as the students enter the classroom.Activity 2 (Additional Resources Needed, 3-5 Extension)If there are computers and internet access available, students can be assigned “apprenticeships”. They will research their position, its role in the community and their opinions on the job. NC-Colonial AppalachiaChildren’s Games and ToysBasic Activities- K-5Duration: 30-45 minutesObjectives: Identify the Appalachian region of North Carolina. Compare and contrast daily lives of adults and children in the Appalachian region in the past and the student’s daily lives today.Key Vocabulary: MapAppalachiaMountainsSimilarDifferentRegion Materials Needed:NC map Books (listed in lesson plan) Activity 1: Introduction to the Appalachian region of North CarolinaLesson Plan: (optional start of lesson with extra resource available in the next section)Before class, read and review the article from this link: and summarize the information for the children, discussing briefly the culture and background of the people of Appalachia. Also read and review this article before class: and summarize specifically the portions that have to do with children’s lives. Present a map of North Carolina and ask the class if anyone knows where this region is.Find and circle the area for the students to see. Ask the class what they might see if they were to travel to Appalachia (mountains, trees, etc)If you have access to any of these books (check your local library), they can be read out-loud to the class (chose 1):44323005010150Appalachian Toys and Games by Linda PackChildren in Colonial America by James MartinEveryday Life: Colonial Times by Walter A HazenColonial Kids by Laurie CarlsonDiscuss the following questions with the classHow are their lives similar to yours? How are they different?Duration: 60-90 minutesObjectives: Reproduce games played in the past and create reproductions of toys to identify the differences in lifestyles. Compare and contrast styles of games from the past those played today. Key Vocabulary: HuskFarkelNinePinsDiceMaterials Needed: Toy 1: -Corn husk dolls: String or twine, scissors, bowl of warm water, 9-12 pieces of green corn husk per doll. For extra decoration: fabric, markers, construction paper, etc. Toy 2: Ball in cup: - Sticks, balls (pingpong or other kinds), string, tapeGame 1: -For Tabletop NinePins: Can be played on the table or the floor. Nine separate pins (like bowling) and two ballsAlthough these materials in the description are very specific, any sort of cylindrical items or kids bowling pins can be used alongside a ball. Game 2: -For Farkel, you need six dice, paper for score-keeping, and a cup to shake the diceGame 3: -Anty Over: Need a ball and some sort of barrier between the two teamsGame 4: The Graces- two small hoops and four sticks, silk. Ribbons. Game 5: -Boggle: Cubes, like dice, with letters on each side. Game 6: -Kick the Can: A can.Activity 2: The Games They PlayedLesson Plan: For this lesson, there will be three rotating stations for the children to experience. There are multiple activities listed below to mix and match depending on space, resources and student interest.3-5 extension: ask the students which of the activities they would like to do, as some of the activities might be focused more for younger students than for the older students.General Extension: Video of several games and toys played by colonial children: . Review games and toy stations before class to prepare. Extra activities: 1- Corn Husk Dolls Background information: While most people are familiar with corn's importance as a foodstuff, the cornhusk, a byproduct, has been useful as well. With an abundance of corn grown on the region's farms, Appalachian people developed a particular fondness for the material, especially for the making of dolls. While not unique to the Appalachian region, cornhusk (or corn shuck) dolls and crafts enjoyed a special popularity that reached its peak during the Craft Revival period in the early 20th century. Despite the lasting appeal of cornhusk dolls, hats, bags, and other cornhusk arts, comparatively little is known about the origins of the craft.[Continued on Next Page]The earliest examples of cornhusk dolls were made by Native Americans. While most tribes used the dolls as toys for children, the Iroquois and Oneida tribes incorporated cornhusk dolls into their religious practices. It is not known if Native Americans taught Colonial Americans the craft, or if the practice developed in parallel, but cornhusk dolls were made by European settlers and by African slaves. All three groups used the same basic technique to craft the dolls. The outer wrapping of the corn cob, the husk, was soaked until it could be shaped and then dried to create the desired form. ? During the Craft Revival, doll makers in the region began experimenting with shapes and designs to broaden the dolls appeal to perspective buyers; many continued to produce other types of cornhusk art as well, particularly hats. to create these dolls: 2: Ball in CupThis game helps build hand-eye coordination and can be found in many countries other than the United States.How to play: Try to get the ball that is attached to the string into the cup on the other end of the stick.Steps to create this toy:Have the students find sticks around the school/campsite. If there aren’t any, pick some up beforehand. On one end of the stick take a Styrofoam or plastic cup and poke the stick through the bottom of the cup. If the hole isn’t snug enough around the cup, use tape to reinforce it. Then take a piece of string and tie it on the other side of the stick. On the other end of the string, attach a light ball, like a ping-pong ball. Then it’s finished![Continued on Next Page]-64770048577500Game 1: Tabletop NinePinsBackground Information: Ninepins has been a popular sport in North America since the Dutch settlers brought it with them to the Hudson River Valley in the 17th century. Known as Dutch Pins, this game eventually became the ubiquitous "Ten Pin Bowling."? It is one of many forms of bowling games played in Europe since the time of the ancient Greeks and Romans. In colonial America, men and women of all ages enjoyed the popular pastime of ninepins and it remained a popular sport until tenpins became well established in the late 19th century.Ninepins can be played with 2 or more players.? Players agree on when the game will end, usually after a specified number of rounds have been played.? The object of the game is to knock down as many of the wooden pins as possible with each roll of the ball.? The pins are set up on the table or floor to form a circle, a diamond or a row.? A mark is then established on the floor where the players will stand while bowling the balls.? Each player bowls both balls, tallies the score, replaces the pins and passes the balls along to the next player in turn. instructions found on page 13: 2: FarkelFarkel is a dice game that dates back centuries and was popular with colonists in the 1700s. Relies heavily on math.Detailed instructions on how to play[Continued on Next Page]-123825790575Game 3: Anty OverThis activity needs to be done with a large space.Brief Background: In the early time period of the United States, children of all ages and grades played together. Games had to be designed so that children of all ages and sizes could play together. More often than not, Teachers remained inside the building to do work so the players had to be self-governing. Playground equipment was limited or nonexistent, so games were created around large objects or things that could be readily found.For this game, you needed two teams, a ball, and some kind of barrier, like a log or a table. Teams stood on either side of the barrier. The team with the ball is 'it.' They yell Anty Over!' and throw the ball to a member of the opposing team. If the child doesn't catch the ball, then that team is 'it.' If he or she catches the ball, the teams have to change sides fast! While the teams are running around the wall to change sides, the one who caught the ball tries to hit an opponent with the ball. If he or she succeeds, the child who was hit changes teams. The goal is to eliminate the other team.Game 4: The GracesBackground Information: This game was played only by girls as it was supposed to make the girls more graceful. Boys would play with another girl but two boys were not usually found playing this game together.How to play: This game is played with two small hoops and four sticks.? The hoops are to be bound with silk or ribbons, according to fancy. [Continued on Next Page]-952501038225Each player takes a pair of sticks and a hoop and then stands a little distance away from the other.? The sticks are held straight, three or four inches apart, when trying to catch the hoop; when the hoop is thrown, the sticks are crossed like a pair of scissors and sharply drawn asunder to drive the hoop toward the other player who endeavors to catch it.To become so dexterous as always to catch the hoop requires considerable practice.? Beginners, however, had better practice with a single hoop.? More advanced players toss over one hoop and then catch the other hoop tossed by the opponent.? The hoops are thus alternately thrown backwards and forwards and received on the points of the sticks.Every time the hoop is successfully caught, without being allowed to fall to the ground, counts one; the player with the highest count when the game is over wins.This little game affords very good and healthful exercise, and when well played is extremely graceful. 5: BoggleThis is a simple game that we play even today. Learning to read and write was important for kids. How to play:Find cubes with different letters on the sides, shake them up and toss them on the table. Or if you own the Boggle game, that can be brought in as well.See how many words you can make out of the letters shown.Game 6: Kick the CanOptimal play area includes places to hide and a clear area for the can. Place the can in one marked spot in the open area. One person is it. Another person kicks the can as far as he is able. Everyone runs and hides while It retrieves the can, puts it back in the marked space and then closes his eyes and counts to ten. The object is for It to spot the other players, call out their names and where they are hiding, and then beat them back to the can. If it makes it make to the can before the other player, that player in in jail. Players can be freed from jail when another player beats it to the can and kicks it as far as he can. 39243003762375Duration: 30 minutesObjectives: Connect the types of games played and toys made with the culture of Appalachia. Explain how the region and lifestyles of children in the past resulted in these games. Key Vocabulary: AppalachiaDiaryMaterials Needed: Traveler’s Diary Activity 3: Wrap-up and DiscussionLesson Plan: After the students have completed each station, bring the group back together to discuss. Talk about these questions:What do you remember about Appalachia and children?Do you think children back then played and enjoyed these games?What games do you like better, these or the ones you play with your friends?Are they similar? Different?Then, if you have chosen to have the students use Traveler Diaries, give them time to write/draw about their day and what they’ve learned.Before they leave, tell the students to ask their parents about what games they played when they were little or what kind of toys they had. 2895600422910000Duration: 45 minutesObjectives: Research assigned apprenticeships. Determine the role in the community and argue whether you would be good at the position or not, or if you would enjoy another position more. Key Vocabulary: ApprenticeBlacksmithMillerSeamstressCandle makerLumberjackMinerMaterials Needed: ComputersInternet PosterboardMarkersPrinterK-5 Additional ResourcesActivity 1: Music of the Appalachia Materials Needed: CD player or computer with speakersThis is a simple introduction to the class. As students are entering the classroom, have traditional Appalachian folk music playing on a cd player or on the computer. Ask the students what instruments they hear and what they think of the songs. You can find this music on youtube if using a computerActivity 2: 3-5 Extension: Becoming an ApprenticeLesson Plan: 43713403219450Tell your students that they're about to become apprentices and assign each one a job commonly held in colonial times, including blacksmith, miller, seamstress and candle maker. Have students commit to their new jobs by signing apprenticeship contracts that you provide. Then get your students to research their trade to find out what they do, how they do it and the role they play in their community.Ask students to consider what they like and dislike about their jobs. Then have them create signs for their job sites on poster board or a piece of wood, assemble any other relevant props and make presentations to the class. ................
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