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BIOLOGY REVISION SHEET Third Term Final Exam (2016-17)Name: Grade: 11They have third term Final Exam of Biology on 04/06/2017.They should study from text book of Biology and this Revision sheet.Choose the letter of the best answer.1.Which of the following is a term for a group of similar organisms that can reproduce and produce fertile offspring?a.individualb.populationc.speciesd.fossil2.Which scientist proposed that if an organism used a structure so much that it grew, the trait of that larger structure could be passed to its offspring?a.Erasmus Darwinb.Jean-Baptiste Lamarckc.Georges de Buffond.Charles Lyell3.The “present is the key to the past” describes the theory ofa.uniformitarianism.b.catastrophism.c.natural selection.d.evolution.4.Which of the following is a fossil?a.a plant that has recently diedb.a group of similar organisms that can reproducec.a structure or organ that no longer functionsd.a trace of an organism that existed in the past5.The theory that landforms on Earth’s surface, such as mountains, waterfalls, and canyons, were created as the result of sudden spectacular events is called the theory ofa.uniformitarianism.b.catastrophism.c.gradualism.d.evolution.Key ConceptThere were theories of biological and geologic change before Darwin.VocabularyevolutionfossilgradualismspeciescatastrophismuniformitarianismMain Idea: Early scientists proposed ideas about evolution.In a phrase, tell what each scientist did to help develop evolutionary theory.ScientistContribution to Evolutionary Theory1. Linnaeus2. Buffon3. E. Darwin4. Lamarck5.What two conditions must be true for a group of animals to be considered the same species?6.Lamarck’s ideas of evolution are known as the inheritance of acquired characteristics. What was incorrect about his theory of how organisms evolve?7.In the 1700s, many people believed that species were fixed and did not change. How did plant hybridization—a type of crossing that could be observed in experiments—help change this view?Main idea: Theories of geologic change set the stage for Darwin’s theory.8.Write a description of each theory in the space provided.Geologic TheoryDescriptioncatastrophismgradualismuniformitarianismVocabulary Check9.What word refers to traces of an organism that existed in the past?10.What is the process of biological change by which descendants come to differ from their ancestors?11.Events such as volcanoes, floods, and earthquakes are the basis of what geologic theory?12. What geologic theory can be summarized by the phrase “the present is the key to the past”?Who’s WhoLinnaeusLamarckBuffonE. Darwin__________________ 13.Charles Darwin’s poetic grandfather__________________ 14.Thought that a giraffe’s long neck evolved from reaching high in trees__________________ 15.Grouped living organisms into categories based on what they looked like__________________ 16.Wrote Historie Naturelle (Natural History) in 1749 Done By: MR. ABID UR REHMAN Biology TeacherDarwin’s ObservationsChoose the letter of the best answer.1.The difference in the physical traits of an individual from those of other individuals in a group is called a(n)a.change.b.adaptation.c.species.d.variation.2.Over time, adaptations can lead populations to experiencea.environmental changes.b.genetic changes.c.geologic changes.d.extinctions.3.What did Charles Darwin observe in finch populations on the Galápagos Islands off the coast of South America?a.different species on different islandsb.all species on one of the islandsc.identical species on all the islandsd.the same species as in North America4.What did Charles Darwin learn from the fossils of a giant armadillo that he found in Argentina?a.An earthquake led to the armadillo’s extinction.b.Armadillos used to be marine organisms.c.Modern animals may be related to fossilized organisms.d.Fossils do not resemble modern animals.5.Fossils of marine organisms high in the Andes Mountains led Darwin to conclude thata.Earth is 6000 years old.b.interspecific variation had taken place.c.great change can happen over time.d.an earthquake had taken place. Done By: MR. ABID UR REHMAN Biology TeacherKey ConceptDarwin’s voyage provided insights into evolution.VocabularyvariationadaptationMain Idea: Darwin observed differences among island species.1.What is variation among members of different species called?2.What is variation among members of the same species called?3.What island chain in South America was the source of many of Darwin’s insights?4.Darwin saw populations of various species that seemed well-suited to their environment. What did this suggest?Main Idea: Darwin observed fossil and geologic evidence supporting an ancient Earth.5.Darwin observed fossils of huge animals such as Glyptodon, a giant armadillo. Why were these fossils of interest to him?6.Many people in the 1700s thought that Earth was only about 6000 years old. How did the fossil organisms Darwin saw lead him to think Earth must be much older than that?7.Darwin also observed fossil shells of marine organisms high up in the Andes mountains, and saw an earthquake move land that was underwater above sea level. How did he apply these insights to the evolution of organisms?8.Look at Figure 2.2 in your textbook. What differences between the two Galápagos tortoises can you identify from the two pictures?Vocabulary Checkvariationadaptation__________________ 9.the difference in the physical traits of an individual from those of other individuals in the group to which it belongs__________________ 10.a feature that allows an organism to better survive in its environment__________________ 11.A tortoise population lives in an area with high grass. These tortoises have longer necks than tortoises that live in other areas. The long necks are an example of this.__________________ 12.One bird in a population has a slightly thicker beak than its relatives. This thicker beak is an example of what in the population.13.What are two examples of adaptations that Darwin observed on the Galápagos islands?14.What did Darwin conclude from the observations he made on his voyage?Section.3: Theory of Natural Selection1.What is the main similarity between the processes of artificial selection and natural selection?2.What is the main difference between artificial selection and natural selection?3.Could natural selection work on a trait that is not heritable? Explain.4.Could natural selection work on a population that has no variation? Explain.Key ConceptDarwin proposed natural selection as a mechanism for evolution.Vocabularyartificial selectionnatural selectionfitnessheritabilitypopulationMain Idea: Several key insights led to Darwin’s idea for natural selection.1.Why did artificial selection interest Darwin?2.Why must selected traits be heritable?3.In natural selection, what must be true of traits that are passed down through generations?4.What important idea from Thomas Malthus inspired Darwin?Main Idea: Natural selection explains how evolution can occur.variationoverproductionadaptationdescent with modification__________________ 5.producing many offspring, some of which may not survive__________________ 6.individual differences that may be heritable__________________ 7.a structure well-suited for the environment__________________ 8.a heritable trait becoming common in a population Done By: MR. ABID UR REHMAN Biology TeacherUse an organism of your choice to sketch the four principles of natural selection.9. overproduction10. variation11. adaptation12. descent with modificationMain Idea: Natural selection works on existing variation.13.Peter and Rosemary Grant observed natural selection acting on traits within a population of finches on the Galápagos Islands. A drought reduced the number of small, soft seeds but left plenty of large, tough-shelled seeds intact. The next year there was a(n) ________ (increase, decrease) in the number of large-beaked hatchlings.14.After several years, the supply of large seeds went down after an unusually wet period. The increase in small, soft seeds brought a(n) ________ (increase, decrease) in the number of large-beaked hatchlings the following year.Vocabulary Check15.Humans are the selective agent in which type of process, artificial selection or natural selection?16.The environment is the selective agent in which type of process, artificial selection or natural selection?17.What is the measure of the ability to survive and produce more offspring relative to other members of the population called?18.What is the ability of a trait to be passed down from one generation to the next called?19.What are all the individuals of a species that live in an area called?Key ConceptEvidence of common ancestry among species comes from many sources.Vocabularybiogeographyanalogous structurehomologous structurevestigial structureMain Idea: Evidence for evolution in Darwin’s time came from several sources.Evidence for evolution in Darwin’s time came from several sources.3. Embryology: 4. Anatomy: 1. Fossils: 2. Geography: In the diagram below, give examples of each type of evidence for evolution.Main Idea: Structural patterns are clues to the history of a species.5.Vestigial structures seem to lack any useful function, or are at least no longer used for their original purpose. Give three examples of vestigial structures.6.Many modern whale species have vestigial pelvic and leg bones. What does this suggest about the ancestry of modern whales? Done By: MR. ABID UR REHMAN Biology TeacherVocabulary Checkhomologous structureanalogous structurevestigial structure__________________ 7.Feature that is similar in structure in different organisms but has different functions__________________ 8.Feature that performs a similar function in different organisms but is not similar in origin__________________ 9.Is not evidence of a common ancestor__________________ 10.Remnant of an organ or structure that had a function in an early ancestor__________________ 11.Examples include the wing of a bat and the hand of a human__________________ 12.Examples include the wing of a bird and the wing of an insect__________________ 13.Examples include the wing of an ostrich and the appendix of a human14.How did the study of fossils help support Darwin’s ideas about evolution?15.How did the study of organisms on islands help support Darwin’s ideas?16.In all animals with backbones, including humans, early embryos have gill slits that later develop into structures of ears and throats in mammals. What does this suggest about the relationship between all vertebrates?17.What are two examples of types of body structures that provide evidence of a common ancestor among diverse organisms? Done By: MR. ABID UR REHMAN Biology Teacher ................
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