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The Black Codes1526Timeline Type:?GAHTimeline Era:?1492-1600Timeline Entry Description:?Spanish colonists led by Lucas Vasquez de Ayllon build the community of San Miguel de Guadape in what is now Georgia. They bring along enslaved Africans, considered to be the first in the present-day United States. These Africans flee the colony, however, and make their homes with local Indians. After Ayllon's death, the remaining Spaniards relocate to Hispaniola. 1527-1539Timeline Type:?GAHTimeline Era:?1492-1600Timeline Entry Description:?Esteban, a Moroccan-born Muslim slave, explores what is now the Southwestern United States. 1528Timeline Type:?AAWTimeline Era:?1492-1600Timeline Entry Description:?Esteban, a Morocco-born Muslim slave, is one of four survivors washed ashore near present-day Galveston, Texas. He is the first known person of African ancestry to enter what is now the western United States. 1539Timeline Type:?AAWTimeline Era:?1492-1600Timeline Entry Description:?Esteban is part of an expedition led by Friar Marcos de Niza from Mexico City into the far north of New Spain (Colonial Mexico). Esteban, who moves ahead of the main expedition, is killed at the Zuni town of Hawikuh, just east of the present-day border of Arizona and New Mexico. 1565Timeline Type:?AATimeline Era:?1492-1600Timeline Entry Description:?African farmers and artisans accompany Pedro Menendez de Aviles on the expedition that establishes the community of San Agustin (St. Augustine, Florida).1600-1790sTimeline Type:?AAWTimeline Era:?1601-1700Timeline Entry Description:?Persons of African ancestry are among the founders or early settlers of numerous towns in Texas, New Mexico, Arizona and California including San Antonio, Laredo, El Paso, Santa Fe, Albuquerque, Tucson, San Diego, Monterey and San Francisco. 1664Timeline Type:?AATimeline Era:?1601-1700Timeline Entry Description:?In Virginia, the enslaved African's status is clearly differentiated from the indentured servant's when colonial laws decree that enslavement is for life and is transferred to the children through the mother. Black and slave become synonymous, and enslaved Africans are subject to harsher and more brutal control than other laborers. Colonial AmericaSlave LawsVirgin1670Timeline Type:?AATimeline Era:?1601-1700Timeline Entry Description:?The Virginia Assembly enact law that allows all non-Christians who arrive by ship to be enslaved.1672Timeline Type:?AATimeline Era:?1601-1700Timeline Entry Description:?Virginia law now bans prosecution for the killing of a slave if the death comes during the course of his his or her apprehension.1680Timeline Type:?AATimeline Era:?1601-1700Timeline Entry Description:?Virginia enacts a law that forbids all blacks from carrying arms and requires enslaved blacks to carry certificates at all times when leaving the slaveowner's plantation.1682Timeline Type:?AATimeline Era:?1601-1700Timeline Entry Description:?A new slave code in Virginia prohibits weapons for slaves, requires passes beyond the limits of the plantation and forbids self-defense by any African Americans against any European American. 1691Timeline Type:?AATimeline Era:?1601-1700Timeline Entry Description:?Virginia enacts a new law which punishes white men and women for marrying black or Indians. Children of such interracial liaisons become the property of the church for 30 years. 1705Timeline Type:?AATimeline Era:?1701-1800Timeline Entry Description:?The Colonial Virginia Assembly defined as slaves all servants brought into the colony who were not Christians in their original countries as well as Indians sold to the colonists by other Native Americans.1758Timeline Type:?AATimeline Era:?1701-1800Timeline Entry Description:?The African Baptist or Bluestone Church is founded on the William Byrd plantation near the Bluestone River, in Mecklenburg, Virginia, becoming the first known black church in North America 1762Timeline Type:?AATimeline Era:?1701-1800Timeline Entry Description:?Virginia restricts voting rights to white men. 1774Timeline Type:?AATimeline Era:?1701-1800Timeline Entry Description:?First African Baptist Church, one of the earliest black churches in the United States, is founded in Petersburg, Virginia.1775Timeline Type:?AATimeline Era:?1701-1800Timeline Entry Description:?On Nov. 7, Lord Dunmore, British Governor of Virginia declares all slaves free who come to the defense of the British Crown against the Patriot forces. Dunmore eventually organizes the first regiment of black soldiers to fight under the British flag. 1802Timeline Type:?AATimeline Era:?1801-1900Timeline Entry Description:?James Callender claims that Thomas Jefferson has for many years past kept, as his concubine, one of his own slaves, Sally Hemings. His charge is published in the Richmond Recorder that month, and the story is soon picked up by the Federalist press around the country. 1831Timeline Type:?AATimeline Era:?1801-1900Timeline Entry Description:?Nat Turner leads a slave rebellion in Southampton, Virginia, killing at least 57 whites. 1888Timeline Type:?AATimeline Era:?1801-1900Timeline Entry Description:?Two of America's first black-owned banks, the Savings Bank of the Grand Fountain United Order of the Reformers, in Richmond, Virginia, and Capital Savings Bank of Washington, D.C, open their doors. ................
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