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LORD OF THE RINGS

1. Why were the Spanish exploring?

1. God

2. Gold

3. Glory

2. Why were the English colonizing?

1. MERCANTILISM

2. Sending Criminals

3. Seeking Religious Freedom

4. Military Power

5. Economics/ $$$$

6. Rulers seeking wealth and power

7. Better Life

3. JAMESTOWN

• First successful colony

• Founded in 1607 by John Smith

• Chesapeake Bay (Virginia)

• John Rolfe – tobacco

• House of Burgesses 1619

• Indentured Servants

4. PLYMOUTH

• Founded in 1620 by Pilgrims/ Separatists

• Cape Cod (Scorpion Tail)

• Mayflower Compact

5. What was the economy of the 13 colonies based on?

13 British Colonies

• Established colonies along Atlantic Coast

1. New England

• Small farms, merchants

• Cold climate and rocky soil

2. Middle

• Fertile soil and uncleared forests

• Diversity and many religions

3. Southern

• Warm climate; cash crops

• Large plantations and slaves

6. Colonial Self Government

1. MAYFLOWER COMPACT (1620)

• SELF-GOVERNMENT

• Pilgrims at Plymouth, Massachusetts

• All adult males make laws

2. FUNDAMENTAL ORDERS OF CONNETICUT (1639)

• Thomas Hooker

• SELF GOVERNMENT

3. HOUSE OF BURGESSES (1619)

• Democracy (representative)

• Jamestown

• Elected people to make laws

7. Colonial Individuals

• Roger Williams – founder of Rhode Island based on Religious Tolerance

• Anne Hutchinson – established religious freedom

• Lord Baltimore – founder of Maryland as haven for Catholics

• William Penn – founder of Pennsylvania as haven for Quakers

• Jonathon Edwards – first great awakening

• George Whitefield – first great awakening

• John Locke – Natural Rights

• Henry David Thoreau – natural rights/civil disobedience

8. Colonial Government

• Magna Carta (1215) – Royal document limiting king

• Parliament – lords and kings

• English Bill of Rights (1689) – royal document with certain rights

9. THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR

• Colonial War 1750-1763

• Albany Plan of the Union

• Treaty of Paris 1763 ended the war

• Proclamation of 1763

• Washington was a military leader

10. BOSTON MASSACRE

• April 1770

• 5 people killed

• CRISPUS ATTUCKS, first African American killed during Revolution

11. BOSTON TEA PARTY

• Dec 11, 1773

• Sons of Liberty

• Protest against the TEA ACT

12. Revolutionary Battles and Events

LEXINGTON AND CONCORD (1775)

• “shot heard round the world”

• First battle of the Revolution

VALLEY FORGE (1776)

SARATOGA (1777)

• Turning Point of war

• French and Spanish alliance

YORKTOWN

• Ending battle

• British surrender

• Cornwallis surrenders to Washington

TREATY OF PARIS 1783

• Ended the war

13. What were the 5 main British taxes/acts that caused the American Revolution?

• Sugar Act 1764- tax on sugar

• Stamp Act 1765- had to put stamps on important papers

• Tea Act 1775- tax on tea

• Intolerable/ Coercive Acts- Punishment for Boston Tea Party

• Townshend Act (1767)

14. SONS OF LIBERTY

• Secret colonial group of protestors

• Sam Adams head of group

• Responsible for Boston Tea Party

15. Why did the colonists hate the Redcoats?

• Boston Massacre

• Quartering Act

• Writs of Assistance

16. TREATY OF PARIS 1783

a. Set boundaries

i. East-Atlantic

ii. West- Mississippi River

iii. North- Canada

iv. South- Florida

b. Leads to the War of 1812

17. Revolutionary LEADERS

• George Washington- military leader

• John Hancock- political leader

• Benjamin Franklin- diplomat to France

• Sam Adams- leader of Sons of Liberty

• Thomas Paine- wrote “Common Sense”

• Abigail Adams – letters of war

• John Adams – debate for independence

• Wentworth Cheswell – soldier

• Mercy Otis Warren – Propaganda writer

• King George III – supported attempts to discipline colonists

• Thomas Jefferson – drafted Declaration of Independence

• Patrick Henry – “Give me liberty or Give me Death”

• James Armistead – “Paul Revere”

• Bernardo de Galvez – led Spanish armies against British

• Paul Revere - spy

• Crispus Attucks – African American killed at Boston Massacre

• Haym Solomon – Jewish financial supporter for Continental Army

18. DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE

• July 4, 1776

• 2nd Continental Congress

• Written by THOMAS JEFFERSON

• Grievance document against King George III

• Proclaimed independence

• Adams, Jefferson, Franklin help push the Declaration

19. TRIANGULAR TRADE

• N.E to Africa – Rum/ Iron

• Africa to West Indies- Slaves

• West Indies to N.E- Sugar and Molasses

20. Articles of Confederation (1777)

Weakness

a. No Courts/ Laws

b. No power to Tax

c. No Army or Navy

d. States have all the power

e. Weak central government

Strength

f. Passed the Northwest Ordinance

21. CONSTITUTIONAL COMPROMISES

• Great Compromise over Legislative Branch

• 3/5 Compromise- 5 slaves = 3 white men

22. U.S CONSTITUTION

• James Madison- “Father of the Constitution”

• September 1787

• 55 delegates

• Federalist vs. Anti-Federalists

• Includes BILL OF RIGHTS

23. Seperation of Powers

LEGISLATIVE BRANCH

• Congress MAKES LAWS

• Senate- 30 years old/ 2 per state

• House-25 years old/ by population

• Article 1 section 8 gives powers to the Legislation

EXECUTIVE BRANCH (PRESIDENT)

• ENFORCES laws

• 35 years old/ natural citizen

• Commander in Chief/ appoints federal judges

Judicial Branch (Supreme Court)

24. BILL OF RIGHTS

• 1st- “5 freedoms”/ RAPPS

• 2nd- Bear Arms

• 3rd- No Quartering Troops

• 4th- No search and seizure

• 5th- You do not have to be a witness against yourself (I plead the 5th)

• 7th- Trial by Jury

• 8th- No cruel and unusual punishment

25. OTHER AMENDMENTS

• 13th- ABOLISH SLAVERY

• 14th- Citizenship for African-American, no discrimination

• 15th- right to vote for African-American males

• ** CIVIL RIGHTS AMENDMENTS**

26. Principles of the Constitution

• Limited Government

• Republicanism

• Federalism

• Popular Soverignty

• Seperation of Powers

• Checks and Balances

• Amending Process

27. Landmark Supreme Court Cases

• MARBURY vs. MADISON- Judicial Review

• McCULLOCH vs. MARYLAND

• GIBBONS vs. OGDEN- Contract Law

• DREDD SCOTT vs. Sandford - Slaves not citizens

• Worcester vs. Georgia – states cant pass laws regulating Indians land

28. Famous American Authors

• Cooper- “Last of the Mohicans”

• Longfellow- “Son of the Hiawatha/ Indians

• Thoreau- Walden- Civil Disobedience

• Alcott- “Little Women”

• Harriet Beecher Stowe- “Uncle Tom’s Cabin

29. Era of Good Feelings 1815-1824

• Monroe Doctrine

• Erie Canal Built

• American Nationalism

30. Jacksonian Democracy

• Age of the common man

• Spoils System

• Bank Crisis

• Nullificiation Crisis

• Tarrif of abomination

• Compromise Tariff

31. INDIAN REMOVAL POLICY

• Removed to Reservations

• President Andrew Jackson hates Indians

• “TRAIL OF TEARS”

• Wipes out Cherokees

32. MISSOURI COMPROMISE 1820

• Henry Clay

• Maine a free state

• Missouri a slave state

• Established line on map where slavery was allowed

33. COMPROMISE OF 1850

• Henry Clay

• California free state

• Utah territory and New Mexico would vote on issue of slavery

• Texas gives up land and the U.S pays Texas debt

34. Kansas-Nebraska Act

• Stephen Douglas

• Popular Sovereignty “let the people vote” on slavery

• John Brown- “Bloody Kansas”

• Kansas comes in as a free state

35. WOMEN’S MOVEMENT

• Abigail Adams- helped start the movement

• Elizabeth Cady Stanton- first important leader

• Susan B. Anthony- voting rights

• Amelia Bloomer- published the newspaper “The Lily”

ABOLITIONIST MOVEMENT

• Harriet Beecher Stowe- “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”

• Harriet Tubman- Underground Railroad

• Frederick Douglass- Orator and author

• Lloyd Garrison- published newspaper “The Liberator”

Religious Revival

Prision Reform

Treatment of Mentally Ill

Temperance Movment

36. Economic Terms/ $$$

• Capitalism- Alexander Hamilton

• Taxes- money paid to the government

• Tariffs- taxes on imports or exports

• Protective Tariff- tax on imports to help business

37. War of 1812

• Causes: Impressments of sailors by the British on U.S.

• Effects: U.S. preserved its independence from Britian

Industrial Revolution

Free Enterprise System

Laissez Faire

38. Famous Inventors and Inventions

• Franklin- Lightning Rod

• Eli Whitney- Cotton Gin

• Eli Whitney- Interchangeable Parts

• John Deere- Steel Plow

• McCormick- mechanical reaper

• Colt- revolver

• Robert Fulton- Steamboat

• Bessemer- steel

39. WESTWARD EXPANSION

• MANIFEST DESTINY

• LOUISIANA PURCHASE 1803

• FLORIDA-1819

• TEXAS- 1845

• Oregon 1846

• U.S. Mexican War (1846-1848)

40. Civil War Causes

a. Economics

i. Slavery

ii. Protective tariffs

b. Cultural

i. Uncle Tom’s Cabin

ii. Harper’s Ferry Raid

41. Civil War Leaders

• Abraham Lincoln- U.S President

• Ulysses S. Grant- U.S General

• Jefferson Davis- Confederate President

• Robert E. Lee- Confederate Soldier

• Julia Ward Howe – Wrote “Battle Hymn of the Republic”

• Stonewall Jackson – Confederate Commanders

• William Carney – 1st African American to get Medal of Honor

• Philip Bazaar – Hispanic seamen who helped the Union to victory

42. Main Events of the of the Civil War (1861-1865)

• Firing on Fort Sumter

• Battle of Antietam

• Emancipation Proclamation

• Battle of Gettysburg

• Battle of Vicksburg

• Sherman’s March to the Sea

• Appomattox Court House

43. Key Speeches by Lincoln

• Lincoln-Douglas Debates 1858

• First Inaugural Address 1861

• Emancipation Proclamation 1862

• Gettysburg Address1863

• Second Inaugural Address 1865

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