EXTRAS
Chapter 13 Eye and Ear Exams and Procedures
Diseases and Disorders of the Eye
There are many diseases and disorders that can affect the eye. Some general signs and symptoms to look for include pain or burning in the eye, any changes in vision, and sudden flashes of light. The following table lists some of the diseases and disorders of the eye.
|Disease/Disorder |Signs and Symptoms |Probable Cause |Treatment |
|Amblyopia |One eye turns inward, which causes blurred vision |Misaligned eyes |Placing a patch over the good eye to strengthen the lazy eye |
|(lazy eye) | |Refractive errors |Eye drops used in conjunction with an eye patch |
|Astigmatism |Improper focusing of objects causing blurry vision |Irregular curvature of the lens |Corrective lenses |
| | |Irregular cornea shape | |
|Blepharitis |Itching, burning sensation of the eyes |Presence of nits (pediculosis) of the brows |Daily cleansing of the eyelids |
| |Crusted eyelids |and lashes |Steroid creams |
| | |Excessive secretions from the hair follicles |If caused by a parasite, removal of the organism |
| | |of the eyelids | |
|Cataract |Painless and gradual loss of vision |Changes in proteins in the eye |Surgical removal of the lens and corrective lenses or lens |
| |Milky appearance of pupil |Result of aging |implant |
| |Appearance of halos around lights | | |
|Color Vision Deficiency |Inability to distinguish certain colors |Absence of cone photo pigment |Special glasses are now available that can help to |
|(Color Blindness) | |Usually genetic |differentiate certain colors |
|Conjunctivitis |“Blood shot” appearance of the eyes |Infectious organisms such as bacteria or |Antibiotics for bacterial infection |
|(pinkeye) |Pain, swelling, and discharge |viruses | |
|Corneal Abrasion |Excessive blinking |Embedded foreign particle |Removal of foreign particle |
| |Redness and irritation |Injury |Topical anesthetic |
| |Tearing | |Pressure patch |
|Diabetic Retinopathy |Swelling of the retina causing light to scatter |Blockage of blood supply to the eye |Stoppage of blood leakage using laser treatment |
| |Thickened capillary walls which show dilation, | |Corrective surgery if retina detaches |
| |twisting, and hemorrhage | | |
|Glaucoma |Mild aching of the eye |Increased intraoccular pressure |Medications and eyedrops |
| |Loss of peripheral vision | | |
| |Halos around lights | | |
|Hyperopia |Difficulty with close-up vision |Shortened eyeball |Corrective lenses |
|(farsightedness) |Difficulty reading | | |
|Myopia |Blurring of vision when viewing objects far away |Elongated eyeball |Eyeglasses or contact lenses |
|(nearsightedness) | | |Surgical correction |
|Presbyopia |Difficulty with close-up vision |Loss of elasticity of the eye due to aging |Corrective lenses |
|Stye |Red, painful, swollen eye |Staphylococcus (bacteria) |Medication to treat infection |
|(hordeolum) | | |Warm compresses to promote drainage |
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