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World of Work Knowledge OrganiserIndustry Industry can be split into three main categories; primary, secondary & tertiary. 508044767500Quaternary sector is relatively new and comes under the service (tertiary sector). Employment structureEmployment structure – the balance of jobs between the four industries in a countryThe graph shows countries at three stages of development and how their employment structure varies. High-income country – HIC e.g. USA. Newly-industrialised country – NIC e.g. Brazil4635523685500Low-income country – LIC e.g. NepalDuring the Industrial revolution the UK had an increase in manufacturing in industries such as steel, textiles & ship building. Employment structure has changed in the UK over time due to mechanisation, which means more machines are doing the jobs of people. Many companies have moved factories overseas as manufacturing is cheaper. Many LICs economies have grown due to a boom in manufacturing, these are now classed as NICs e.g. India. HICs more people work in modity chainA commodity chain is the process used by companies to transform raw materials into things we can buy (a commodity).50807302500?World of Work Knowledge Organiser26946899623100Multi-national companies Multinational corporations (MNCs) - companies that operate in more than one country.?Unilever, McDonalds and Apple are all examples of MNCs.Why do MNCs operate overseas?Cheaper labour – low/no minimum wageLarge workforceRelaxed environmental lawsAccess to cheap raw materialsLess health & safety regulationsAccess to new marketsThis investment can improve quality of life in as companies provide jobs, improve infrastructure and improve education & skills. The?World Bank?suggests that trade has reduced poverty in some countries, e.g. China, India, Uganda and Vietnam.Exploitation?Exploitation – the act of using someone unfairly for your own advantage/profit3602355100022000Some developing countries have benefited more than others from global trade. However, not everyone benefits. It can lead to exploitation of workers and damage to the environment. Many factory workers work in sweatshops in poor conditions and are treated poorly. Case study: NikeNike employs over 800,000 people in over 600 factories in 46 countries. They’re based in the USA. Some issues include;Low pay - $1.25/dayLong hours – up to 16 hours a day, 6/7 days a weekChild labour – workers as young as 13Physical & verbal abuseFactory conditions are hot, cramped and dirtyWaste is burnt in nearby villages and releases toxic fumesDeforestation 508042985700Deforestation means the removal of trees. It is happening at an alarming rate. It is estimated that an area of rainforest about the size of a football pitch is destroyed each second. INCLUDEPICTURE "" \* MERGEFORMATINET Causes of deforestationCommercial logging174476019124200Farming MiningRoad building INCLUDEPICTURE "" \* MERGEFORMATINET Settlement growthFuelwoodEffects of deforestationSoil erosionLoss of habitatsGlobal warmingWater contaminationLoss of native tribesLoss of biodiversity (variety of species of plants & animals) ................
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