Chapter 1



More Review Questions from Course MaterialInstructions: Highlight the correct answer, save as a Word document, and submit this file to the Assignment 1 Dropbox on D2L.1 . What distinguishes analysis of variance (ANOVA) from t-tests?a. The null hypotheses regarding the equality of meansb. The underlying assumption of homogeneity of variancesc. The number of groups being comparedd. The assumption of random samples from the populations.2. The basic alternative hypothesis in ANOVA where k = 4 group are being compared is: a. Ha: ?1 = ?2 = ?3 = ?4b. Ha: ?1 ≠ ?2 ≠ ?3 ≠ ?4c. Ha: ?1 > ?2 > ?3 > ?4d. Ha: At least two population means differ3. In a basic one-way ANOVA, what components are being contrasted? a. Between-group variation to within-group variation b. Between-group variation to total variationc. Between-group variation to treatment variationd. Within-group variance to between-group variation4. Between-group variation in ANOVA involves differences between _______ to the ________. (Fill in the blanks.) a. Individual scores, group meansb. Individual scores, grand or overall meanc. Means of one group, means of another groupd. Group means, grand or overall mean5. The formula for the F ratio involves dividing a _______ by a _______. (Fill in the blanks.)a. Sum of squares, mean squareb. Mean square, sum of squaresc. Mean square, mean squared. Mean square, sum of squares6. If the null hypothesis in a one-way ANOVA situation were true, over the long run the value of F would be: a. Zerob. Onec. Depends on degrees of freedomd. Depends on what type of ANOVA it is7. Two-way ANOVA might be appropriate for which of the following experimental designs? a. Crossover designb. One-group pretest–posttest designc. Two-group before-after designd. Factorial design8. If a researcher found a significant interaction effect, it would mean that: a. Both of the main effects were also significantb. Neither of the main effects was significantc. The means for different levels of one variable were not consistent across different levels of anotherd. The means for one variable were different from the means for the second variable9. If means for a two-way ANOVA were plotted on a graph, an interaction effect might be indicated by: a. Parallel linesb. Curved linesc. Crossed linesd. None of the aboveQuestions 10 through 13 pertain to the following table (Table 7), which presents fictitious results regarding the effects of guided imagery on pain outcomes among patients with cancer.Table 7Physiologic Outcomes for Patients with Emphysema during Exercise Performance Under Three Different Conditions (N = 50) Physiologic OutcomeControl ConditionMean + SDWith Admin-istration of OxygenMean + SDWith Compressed AirMean + SDFpDyspnea rating (1-10)4.70± 2.34.77 ± 2.65.09 ± 2.64.99.008Heart rate (bpm)121.1 ± 13.6126.9 ± 19.9126.0 ± 21.112.54<.001Oxygen saturation, SPO2 (%)91.0 ± 3.994.4 ± 4.089.9 ± 4.19.80<.001Breaths per minute24.1 ± 4.824.3 ± 5.928.8 ± 6.51.86.2210. Refer to Table 7. Which statistical test is most likely being reported in this table? a. One-way ANOVA b. Two-way ANOVAc. RM-ANOVAd. It cannot be determined.11. Refer to Table 7. For which outcome would the researcher need to fail to reject the null hypothesis? a. Dyspnea ratingb. Heart ratec. Oxygen saturationd. Breaths per minute12. Refer to Table 7. What were the degrees of freedom for treatment (df) in these analyses? a. 2b. 3c. 47d. 4913. Refer to Table 7. Which of the following statements is true, based on information in Table 7? a. Mean dyspnea ratings were significantly higher with compressed air than with O2.b. Interaction effects were statistically significant.c. Mean SPO2 values were significantly higher for the two intervention conditions than for the control condition. d. One or more assumptions for the ANOVA for heart rate was likely violated.14. The chi-square test is used to test the null hypothesis that: a. The medians of groups being compared are equalb. Two categorical variables are independent (not related)c. The expected cell sizes are zerod. The odds ratio is zero15. A chi-square test is not appropriate if: a. The distribution of scores is not normalb. The observed frequency in any cell is 0c. The expected frequency in any cell is 0d. There are more than five levels of one of the variables16. For a cell in a crosstab table, the row total is 10, the column total is 20, and the overall sample size is 40. What is the expected frequency for that cell? a. 2b. 5c. 20d. It depends on how many cells there are.17. Assume a chi-square is computed as follows: χ2 = 1.25 + 1.25 + 2.25 + 2.25 + .50 + .50 = 8.0. What is the dimensionality of the contingency table? a. 2 X 2b. 2 X 3c. 3 X 3 d. It cannot be determined.18. In a 4 X 3 contingency table, how many degrees of freedom would there be for a chi- square test? a. 3 b. 4 c. 6d. 1219. In a 2 X 2 contingency table, the magnitude of effects could be communicated by any of the following except: a. Risk differenceb. ORc. t-statisticd. RR20. Which of the following is not a rank-based test? a. Chi-square testb. Kruskal-Wallis testc. Mann-Whitney U testd. Wilcoxon test 21. In the following situation, which test should be used? Independent variable = pretest vs. posttest measurement; dependent variable = stress measured on a 7-point scale. a. Kruskal-Wallis testb. Mann-Whitney U testc. McNemar testd. Wilcoxon signed-rank test ................
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