Objectives



Calculating Longitude and TimeOverview The basic concept of time is really based upon two very specific movements of the Earth: its rotation on its axis, and its revolution, or orbit, around the sun. Astronomers stationed at the observatory at Greenwich, England, set the world's atomic clock by the noonday sun. When the sun has reached its zenith -- or, as it is sometimes known, the sun's meridian -- it is exactly noon. Ancient navigators, however, found it very difficult to know their exact location once they were out of sight of land. It was not until 1714 that a clockmaker, John Harrison, came to realize that exact time away from the home port could be calculated using the measurement of longitude with a starting point of the Prime Meridian. From that, ship's captains could determine their exact location at sea.ObjectivesTo understand the basic concept of time through an understanding of rotation and revolution To calculate longitude and time based on a starting point of 00 longitude, the Prime Meridian To determine the latitude and longitude of cities around the world To contextualize how the terms A.M. and P.M. came into use ProcedureView overhead demonstration of world map with latitude and longitude. Review worksheet and map. Complete worksheet by locating the latitude, longitude and time of the locations listed. Then, use the longitude and latitude to plot the cities on the world map. Learning Standards – New York StateStandard 3: Geography Students will use a variety of intellectual skills to demonstrate their understanding of the geography of the interdependent world in which we live -- local, national and global.Standard 4: Science Students will understand and apply scientific concepts, principles, and theories pertaining to the physical setting and living environment and recognize the historical development of ideas in science.Standard 7: Interdisciplinary Problem Solving Students will apply the knowledge and thinking skills of mathematics, science, and technology to address real-life problems and make informed decisions.Calculating Longitude and TimeData WorksheetDefine: A. M.: ______________________________________________________________________ P.M. ________________________________________________________________________Calculate the local time for the following locations B and the Prime Meridian:-28575195580428625205105460057520510540957502146301866900214630233362520510540 W Longitude0 Prime Meridian50 E. LongitudeLocation B Time = ________Time = __________City A Time = 12:00 AMFrom the prime meridian to location A, the distance in degrees is ___________. From the prime meridian to location B, the distance in degrees is ___________. Therefore, the total distance from location A to location B in degrees is?________________. Convert the difference in degrees into time.??_______________________If every 15° is equivalent to 1 hour, how many hours are in 90°? _________ The fact that location B is west of location A indicates that it must be earlier at location B than location A. (True/False) ____________ If the time at location A is 12:00AM, what is the time at location B???_________________Use the world map handout to identify the following locations and indicate the locations with the letter associated with location. Afterwards, complete the table below. Calculate local times as if the time at the Prime Meridian (GMT) is 12:00AM.I.D.LocationLatitudeLongitudeTimeTime Difference to GMT ANew York, USA40 43’ N73 58’ WBLagos, Nigeria626’ N3 25’ ECGuayaquil, Ecuador2 12’ S7953’ WDKabul, Afghanistan34? 31' N69? 12' EEBeijing, China39 55’ N116 20’ EFNew Delhi, India28 37’ N77 13’ EGAnchorage, Alaska61 13’ N149 54’ W ................
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