Cumulative Notes AP Statistics

Cumulative Notes

AP Statistics

Prepared by: Earl L. Whitney, FSA, MAAA

Version 1.0

April 27, 2014

Copyright 2014, Earl Whitney, Reno NV. All Rights Reserved

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AP Statistics Cumulative Notes

Table of Contents

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Description

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AP Statistics Formula Sheet

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Part 1: Exploring Data

Variable Types

5�\Number Summary

Other Terms to Know

Frequency Distribution

Cumulative Frequency Distribution

Center, Shape and Spread

Types of Plots

Marginal Distributions

Normal Distribution

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Part 2: Exploring Bivariate Data

Definitions

Formulas Relating to the Coefficient of Correlation of a Sample

Linear Combinations of Parameters and Statistics

Types of Regression Models

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Chapter 10: Straightening Data In a Scatterplot

Selecting a Good Re�\Expression Model

Re�\Expression Models Based on the Scatterplot

Re�\Expression Models Based on the Residuals

Description of Individual Models

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Chapter 12: Sample Surveys

Types of Samples

Types of Bias

Table of Key Statistics ad Parameters

The Valid Survey

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Chapter 13: Experiments and Observational Studies

Observation Study

Experiment

Principles of Experimental Design

Diagramming an Experiment

Elements of an Experiment

Other Terms Relating to Experimentation

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April 27, 2014

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Description

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Part 4: Probability

Key Definitions

Geometric Probability Model

Binomial Probability Model

Normal Probability Model

Key Formulas

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Chapter 18: Sampling Distribution Models

Central Limit Theorem

Key Assumptions

Symbols and Formulas for Proportions

Symbols and Formulas for Population Means

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Chapter 19: Confidence Intervals for Proportions

Explaining a Confidence Interva'

Critical Values

Standard Deviation vs. Standard Error

Key Assumptions

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Chapter 20: Hypothesis Testing for Proportions

Hypotheses

P�\Value

Four Steps of Hypothesis Testing

Z�\Values and P�\Values for Various Tests �\ 95% Confidence

Chapter 21: More About Tests and Intervals

a�\Value

Rules for Rejecting H0

b�\Value

Power

Effect Size

95% Confidence Interval (When the Success/Failure Condition Fails)

Summary of p��s and n��s

Type I and Type II Errors

Interaction of a, b, and Power

Chapter 22: Comparing Two Proportions

Confidence Interval for the Difference of Two Proportions

Key Assumptions and Conditions

Hypothesis Testing

April 27, 2014

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Description

Chapter 23: Inferences About Means

Sample of Means

Confidence Interval for the Difference of Two Proportions

Using z vs. t

Key Assumptions and Conditions

Sample Size for a t�\Distribution

Special Considerations

Language for Confidence Intervals

Hypothesis Testing

Relationship Between Intervals and Tests

Finding the Required Sample Size

Finding the Required Sample Size �\ Example

Chapter 24: Comparing Means

Boxplots

Sample of Means

Confidence Interval

Key Assumptions and Conditions

Sample Size for a t�\Distribution

Special Considerations

Hypothesis Testing

Pooled t�\Interval and t�\Test

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Chapter 25: Inferences About Paired Data

Pairing

Sample of Means

Confidence Interval

Key Assumptions and Conditions

Hypothesis Testing

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Statistical Inference Summary Chart

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Chapter 26: Comparing Counts �C The Distribution

Uses and Characteristics

Hypothesis tests

Testing Goodness of Fit

Testing Homogeneity or Independence

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Description

Chapter 27: Inferences for Regression

Moel of the Idealized Line

Visualization

Key Assumptions and Conditions

Work Order

Calculations

Thoughts about the Size of the Standard Error

Hypothesis Tests and Confidence Intervals for Linear Regression on the TI�\84

April 27, 2014

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