Chapter 12



Chapter 12 Forensic Toxicology Name/Date:

1.A postmortem toxicological investigation always begins with what? (Case history, Reenactment of crime, Embalming)

2.Which of the following areas of the body have been used in toxicology testing on decayed corpses?(Bone marrow, Vitreous humor, Hair)

3.When a corpse is very badly decayed, what else have toxicologists examined for drugs or poisons? (Surrounding dirt or dust, Air samples inside coffin, Maggots feeding on the body, Clothing from the body)

4.If a poison may have been taken orally, what should be examined first in the postmortem investigation? (Urine, Heart, Lungs, Gastrointestinal contents)

5.If a toxicologist receives a positive immunoassay test, he or she usually performs a confirmation test using which technology? (Infrared luminescence, Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, Inductively coupled plasma emission, Fuel cell reaction)

6.If the case history suggests poisoning by an inorganic metal, which test will the toxicologist use? (Infrared luminescence, Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, Inductively coupled plasma emission, Fuel cell reaction)

7.What does the forensic toxicologist do after the specimens are analyzed? (Assemble the results, Study the results, Determine the cause of death)

8.Where is the highest concentration of a poison generally found? (Gastrointestinal tract, Wherever it entered the body, Liver, Heart)

9.How is the “minimal administered dose” calculated? (Highest concentration of drugs in any one organ, Lowest concentration of drugs in any one organ, Total amount of drugs found in all organs)

10.The most commonly used human performance tests are employed to determine (Steroid use, Job hiring decisions, Whether an individual was driving a car under the influence, Paternity)

11.The amount of alcohol in a person’s body is expressed in terms of (Blood alcohol concentration, Degree of drunkenness, Proof, Count of blood cells)

12.A person is considered legally sober up to a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of ( 0.04%, 0.06%, 0.08%, 0.10%)

13.What are “per se” laws with respect to drinking and drinking? (Laws that punish everyone in the car, even if they are not intoxicated, Laws that punish the bartender for serving too much alcohol, Laws that trigger sanctions for all drivers with a certain BAC, Laws that trigger sanctions for having an open container of alcohol in the car)

14.What was the legal BAC limit for the first per se laws? (0.06, 0.08, 0.10, 0.15)

15.What are “implied consent” laws with respect to drinking and driving? (They require motorists to undergo a Breathalyzer test., They require motorists to submit to a search of their person., They require motorists to consent to a search of their vehicle’s trunk., They require motorists to submit to blood and urine samples.)

16.Which of the following was part of the agenda for Mothers Against Drunk Driving?(Reduced jail time for offenders, An alternative to the Breathalyzer, Vehicle forfeiture for offenders)

17.To which organ is alcohol transported during the elimination process? (Kidney, Liver, Spleen, Lungs)

18.What effect does the body’s normal metabolic process have on alcohol concentration? (Increases the alcohol concentration, Decreases the alcohol concentration, Does not affect the alcohol concentration)

19.How can the quantity of alcohol present in a person’s blood be determined? (Chemical analysis of a blood sample, Concentration of alcohol in the breath)

20.Which of the following is considered to be a more reliable test of BAC?(Chemical analysis of a blood sample, Concentration of alcohol in the breath, Both have the same reliability, Neither is reliable)

21.Which of the following is a part of the Breathalyzer device?(Quartz lamp, Thin platinum layer, Fuel cells, Photocell indicator of test results)

22.Which of the following is a critical component of the Alcosensor?(Fuel cell, Vials of chemicals, Infrared radiation)

23.Failure to refrigerate the blood sample or to add the preservative may cause the BAC values to be abnormally (High, Low, Hot, Cold)

24.Which technology is used to provide separation and detection of organic compounds such as alcohol? (Mass spectrometer, Inductive plasma emission, Breathalyzer, Gas chromatography)

25.True or False? Because chemicals concentrate only in the brain and lungs, these are the only organ samples collected during a postmortem toxicology investigation.

26.True or False? Specimens should be collected before the body is embalmed, as the embalming process may destroy poisons still remaining in the corpse.

27.True or False? If poisons are not detected in the first week after death, they will no longer be detectable in the corpse.

28.True or False? In cases of intentional poisoning, toxicological analysis may be able to provide an estimate of when the poison was dispensed.

29.True or False? North Carolina was the first state to enact a “drunk driver” law that used BAC as the basis for determining sobriety.

30.True or False? Alcohol is primarily absorbed into the bloodstream through the small intestine.

31.True or False? Methyl alcohol is oxidized to the less toxic chemical formaldehyde in the liver.

32.True or False? Because the Breathalyzer consumes chemicals, the officer administering the test must make sure that this instrument is continually supplied with a sufficient amount of fresh chemical reagents.

33.True or False? The Breathalyzer is still the most frequently used instrument to test BAC in the field.

34.In performing a(n) ___________________________, a toxicologist investigates the presence of drugs, gases, metals, and other toxic chemicals in human fluids and organs and determines their role, if any, as contributing factors in the individual’s death.

35.Forensic toxicology laboratories begin testing with _______________ that are not specific for a single poison but rather are designed to detect the presence or absence of one member of a group of drugs.

36.Many studies have shown a direct relationship between a(n) ____________________ BAC and a(n) ________________________________ risk of accidents.

37.The first sanctions against “drinking and driving” were imposed by the __________ industry in the 1800s.

38.In 1992, the U.S. Department of Transportation recommended that all states adopt a _______________% BAC as the legal definition of drunk driving.

39.Toxicologists can use the rates of __________________ and of __________________ of ethyl alcohol from the body to make an accurate estimate of a driver’s BAC at the time of an accident.

40.The Intoxilyzer measures the ____________________________ absorption in a specific wavelength to confirm the presence of certain organic chemicals, such as alcohols.

41.In lieu of blood samples, pathologists might collect samples from the _______________________ and ______________________________________ to sample for alcohol consumption.

42.Touch-based alcohol monitoring instruments measure alcohol levels by shining a beam of ____________ on the skin of the forearm.

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