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OBAFEMI O’s PostSleep-Related Leg Cramps ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Introduction??????? Sleep-related leg cramps occur during sleep; this condition usually affects the calf and is characterized by sudden involuntary painful muscle contractions. This excruciating pain awakens the individual sleeper and thereby interrupts his or her sleep. The cause of sleep-related leg cramps is idiopathic but here are some of the factors that hasten the occurrence of this disease condition: electrolyte imbalances, pregnancy, diabetes, metabolic disorders, and mineral deficiencies (Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A., & Ruiz, 2014).????? ?These cramps mostly happen in the calf muscles but can also occur in the thighs or feet. The muscle cramps can last for a few seconds or several minutes; they end unexpectedly as they began. The leg cramps can be relieved by the stretching, massaging and moving the affected muscle. Applying heat to the muscle may also bring some succor (Sarva, 2019).?????? Many times, leg cramps are occasionally muddled with restless legs syndrome (RLS). Both disease conditions encompass discomfort with the legs during the time of sleep, But RLS typically does not include a feeling of pain nor does the muscle become painful and tight. It also inclines to be at least somewhat relieved as soon as there is any leg movement. The urge to move the legs by the individual is much stronger with RLS than with leg cramps. Relieving the pain from the leg cramps includes more time and more stretching of the muscle (AASM, 2019).??????????????????????????????????? The Diagnostic Criteria for Sleep-Related Leg Cramps????? There are about seven diagnostic characteristics of sleep-related leg cramps, they are sudden intense pain, the period of duration of the pain from seconds to maximum? of 10 minutes, location in calf or foot, location seldom in the thigh or hamstrings, persistent subsequent pain, distress and sleep disruption( Hallegraeff,? De Greef, Krijnen,? & Van der Schans, 2017).???????????????????????????????? ? ? ? Psychotherapy for Sleep-Related Leg Cramps????? Actual treatments for sleep-related leg cramps still have not been established. Individual, supportive, cognitive and educational therapy will assist the client with sleep-related leg cramps. Exercise therapy that includes stretching of the leg muscles will go a long way to prevent and relieve leg cramps (Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A., & Ruiz, 2014).???????????????????? ? ? Psychopharmacologic Treatment for Sleep-Related Leg Cramps????? Currently, there are no approved treatments for leg cramps, but research studies have shown some benefit from some medications like gabapentin (Neurontin), diltiazem, carisoprodol (Soma), naproxen, magnesium, verapamil, orphenadrine (Norflex) and vitamin B12 complex. These medicines may be useful in some clients with sleep-related leg cramps (AAFP, 2012).? ? ? ? ? ? ? Sleep-Related Leg Cramps When to see the Primary Care Physician and Specialist????? There is an urgent need for the PMHNP to refer his or her client to a primary care physician for further medical help when there is severe and persistent sleep-related leg cramping. When the individual is having trouble functioning during the day because the leg cramps interrupt his sleep, when individual develop muscle weakness and atrophy with legs cramps and individual need to see primary care physician when he or she develops night leg cramps after being exposed to a toxin such as lead. If the sleep-related leg cramps keep coming back, it is urgent and essential for the client to see his or her primary doctor for a referrer to the doctor specializing in sleep disorder (AAMG, 2018).???????????????????????????????? ??????????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?Prevention of Cramps????? ?The following activities that may help prevent night leg cramps include drinking plenty of water and other fluids to avoid dehydration, stretching of both legs by riding a stationary bicycle for few minutes before going to sleep, eating healthy foods that are rich in magnesium, calcium, and potassium. (AAMG, 2018).???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Conclusion????? Sleep-related leg cramps is a painful contraction or tightening of the muscle of the calf and the leg that comes suddenly and last from a few seconds to several minutes. The cause is idiopathic. On many occasions, leg cramps are misdiagnosed as restless legs syndrome. (Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A., & Ruiz, 2014).????? ??The diagnostic criterion is, sudden intense pain, the period of duration of the pain from seconds to maximum of 10 minutes, location in calf or foot, location seldom in the thigh or hamstrings, persistent subsequent pain, distress and sleep disruption (Hallegraeff, De Greef, Krijnen, & Van der Schans, 2017).?? ??There is no approved treatment for Sleep-related leg cramps, but individual, supportive, cognitive therapy and the following medication will help some clients, medication like gabapentin (Neurontin), diltiazem, carisoprodol (Soma), naproxen, magnesium, verapamil, orphenadrine (Norflex) and vitamin B12 complex. These medicines may be useful in some clients with sleep-related leg cramps (AAFP, 2012). Plenty of fluids, a healthy diet, and leg exercise may help prevent leg cramps (AAMG, 2018).????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ? ? ? ReferencesAmerican Academy of Family Physicians (2012). Nocturnal Leg Cramps. Retrieved from Academy of Sleep Medicine (2019). Sleep Education. Sleep Leg Cramps – Overview & Facts. Retrieved from Arundel Medical Group (2018). Muscle Cramps. Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Specialist?Hallegraeff, J., de Greef, M., Krijnen, W., & Van der Schans, C. (2017). Criteria in diagnosing nocturnal leg cramps: a systematic review. BMC family practice, 18(1), 29. doi:10.1186/s12875-017-0600-x?Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A., & Ruiz, P. (2014). Kaplan & Sadock’s synopsis of psychiatry: Behavioral sciences/clinical psychiatry (11th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer. ?Sarva Harini (2019) Sleep-related leg cramps. Neurology MedLink. Retrieved from article/sleep-related_leg_cramps??????? ................
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