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5632450-41275000Immigration to CanadaCanada has three founding cultures:_____________ _____________ _____________ Since only one of these cultures is “_____________ ”, ____________ is a key factor in understanding Canada, it’s origins, and it’s present day make-up.Immigration to Canada came in 5 distinct waves:Since we have already spent time looking at the first 3 of those waves we will review them only briefly3676650298704000_______________________ Recall arrival theories:____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ What’s in a Name?Labels are used to describe the first people living in North and South America before European contactNames such as:_______________ - The term referring to the original inhabitants of this country and the term used in the Canadian Constitution ___________________ – the term used by aboriginal associations to describe themselves with emphasis on an established society prior to European contact._______________ – meaning originated from the local area_______________ – A legal definition under the Indian Act, aboriginal people can renounce their treaty rights through a process called enfranchisement. _______________ -4000507149465005708650714502000_____________________ Settling around the banks of the _______________ from 1600 to 1763 when they were conquered by the English, the French were the first _________________ to make a permanent settlement in Canada.5461000-31178500-387350-34925000_____________________Fleeing _____________ during the ________________ __________________, people who had remained loyal to the British crown fled to Canada in 1784. Their coming drastically changed the character of the colony.-34925020066005668645205740000__________________________Events in Europe force many from their homes to seek a new life in North America from 1815 to 1850.-762005524500The Great Migration: Why leave Europe?The _______________ Wars ended in 1815 causing an _______________ depression & high _______________Massive _______________ growthHigher life _______________ (more people were surviving _______________ & _______________ due to new farming methods & better _______________)Population Explosion Effects_______________ growth had outpaced economic ______________________________ & _______________ were scarce for manyPeople crowded into _______________ areas & lived in _______________Many decided to leave for _______________ for better opportunities56692802308225The British Government ReactionIncreased policies for _______________ to solve the problems such as high _______________, _______________, & social _______________ScotlandMany Scottish farmers were _______________ from their homes in a process called _______________Landlords _______________ farmland from settlers & created huge _______________ farms to provide wool for English _______________ millsOver _______________ Scots moved to Nova Scotia50609504251325Ireland…..1840s_______________ was the main crop & staple of the Irish dietMid 1840s “potato _______________” spread to Ireland & _______________ the cropsFamine set in killing approx. _______________ Irish between 1847-51In 1847 over _______________ emigrated to BNAThe Voyage Out_______________ arrived at Halifax, St. John, & Quebec___________ ships were used to bring the immigrants from ______ to earn extra profitsCramped conditions, _______________, little food, sea sickness, _______________“_______________”Post- Confederation 1880-1914Aggressive _______________ of immigrants from around the world from _______________ to the _______________ expanded Canada _______________. Also called the _______________ Migration after Clifford Sifton, Minister of the Interior from 1896 to 19053823335-247650Clifford Sifton OverviewIn the years preceding his appointment many of those homesteading on the prairies had been _______________ by the rigours of prairie life, and had packed up and moved to the _______________. Sifton set out to _________ that trend.Once American immigrants began to move into the _______ Sifton shifted the focus of the government’s immigration policy to _______________ Europe. Many Canadians were _______________ by the influx of Poles, Russians and Ukrainians. One _______________ even referred to Sifton’s immigration policy as a round “of European _______________ and _______________.” Despite this and other criticisms, the campaign was an outstanding _______________ and the number of immigrants entering Canada rose from:_______________ in 1896 to _______________ in 1905.The Last Best WestIn 1896, Sir Clifford Sifton became Canada‘s new _______________ responsible for _______________. Sifton _______________ immigration by:embarking on an extensive _______________ campaign, featuring the slogan "Canada: _________________________________________." _______________ the immigration department to give it more _______________ in setting immigration _______________;3643630564515000_______________ the number of immigration agents and support personnel abroad freeing up _______________ land owned by the _______________ and the _______________ offering "________ " land to settlersResultsSifton's new immigration policy eventually ______________ any threat of American ____________ in Canada's West. However, it would further _______________ French-speaking people in Québec, some of whom felt this policy was ____________ them from settling on the Prairies.Despite general attempts to get people to settle in ___________ areas in Canada's West, about _________ cent of people actually settled in Canadian ___________ where they took __________ industry jobsIncluding _______________, Edmonton, Montréal and TorontoAnother __________ went to rural farms in the _______________ and The remaining ________ cent or so took remote jobs in _______________, _______________ camps or on the _______________.The Birth of Alberta and SaskatchewanBetween 1897 and 1911, _______________ people came to Canada By 1905, enough people were living in the Northwest Territories that the federal government decided to create two new _______________: _______________ _______________4533900635698500-153035644525000-39808151714500003379470-22860000-318135-292100003084830466661500Chinese Immigration4537075-33020000Chinese immigrants were subject to a _____________, which required every Chinese immigrant to pay a special $50 tax upon _______________ the country. Although relatively few in number - there are only _______________ Chinese people in Canada in 1900, immigrants from Asian countries are _______________ by the ________________________. Originally, _________ Chinese _______________ were allowed into Canada to work for _______________ in British Columbia's ________ mines and on the trans-Canada _______________. Chinese workers would accept _______________ wages than white workers, and this causes _______________ in the white population, especially when jobs are ____________. In the lumber industry, Chinese workers are paid only between ________ and _________ of the wages paid to white labourers for the _______________ work.The Reaction on the West CoastIn 1885, work on the _______________ was nearing completion. Trade _______________ and some _______________ on the west coast wanted _______________ these Chinese workersMany white people in blue-collar positions _______________ that the Chinese would take away their means of _______________ and _______________ of living. At this time overtly _______________ stereotypes of Chinese immigrants were common:less clean and more susceptible to diseases.dishonest and immoral.simply weren't suited to living in the harsh climate of Canada.In the face of mounting public _______________, a Royal _______________ was held by the federal government in 1885 to look into the _____________ of Chinese immigration.The Chinese Head TaxBy 1903, the Chinese head tax was increased to _______________ per person to _______________ Chinese immigration. This fee was roughly equivalent to _______________ worth of wages for a Chinese labourer living in Canada at the time. However, some employers in the railway industry needed _______________ labour, and were willing to pay this fee for adult men. That meant that Chinese immigration _______ eliminated altogether, but that Chinese _______ and __________ didn't get the opportunity to join their husbands and fathers. This created a Chinese _______________ society in Canada.4554855745490000Anti-Asian Vancouver Riot 1907In September 1907, there was a serious _________ against ________ businesses in downtown Vancouver that was started by members of the racist Asiatic _______________ League.A _____ of about _____ white people riled up by the Asiatic Exclusion League descended upon Oriental businesses in downtown Vancouver, _____________ windows and ______________ signs. Later that year, a federal government inquiry was held to look at providing _____________ to the Oriental communityFurther RestrictionsAfter 1905, Frank ____________ succeeded Sir Clifford Sifton as Immigration Minister.Oliver favoured immigrants to Canada's West from certain ___________ believed to have the settlers best suited to life on the _______________. He tended to support the immigration of those who came from the following regions in this exact order of preference:Nearby _______________ provinces_______________ The ______________________________ EuropeRating the ImmigrantsEager to develop the West, Canadian immigration authorities _______________ immigrants according to their __________, perceived _________ and __________ ability: Most Wanted_____________________________________________ American farmersAcceptableBelgiansDutchScandinaviansSwissFinnsRussiansGermansAustro-HungariansUkrainiansPoles Need Not Apply5283200675449500ItaliansSouth SlavsGreeksSyriansJews BlacksAsiansGypsiesFrank OliverAs a member of parliament, Oliver had said that settling the West was not "merely a question of filling that country with people who will produce wheat and buy manufactured goods" but also of "building up of a Canadian nationality so that our children may form one of the great civilized nations of the world." He worried that immigration could "deteriorate rather than elevate the conditions of our people." Immigrant Landings (1860 -2004)Percent of total immigrants landing in Canada within the family, economic, refugees, and other classes: 1995-2004Immigrant Landings by Category and Source Area - 2004Immigrant Landings by Intended Destination - 2004Source: CIC, Facts & Figures-3698240-30480000 ................
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